Contingent negative variation. Medical search

A negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials that increases over time. It is associated with an anticipated response to an expected stimulus and is an electrical event indicative of a state of readiness or expectancy.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.

Study of stamps or postal markings. It usually refers to the design and commemorative aspects of the stamp.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The techniques used to draw blood from a vein for diagnostic purposes or for treatment of certain blood disorders such as erythrocytosis, hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, and porphyria cutanea tarda.

The therapy technique of providing the status of one's own AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM function (e.g., skin temperature, heartbeats, brain waves) as visual or auditory feedback in order to self-control related conditions (e.g., hypertension, migraine headaches).

The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).

A space in which the pressure is far below atmospheric pressure so that the remaining gases do not affect processes being carried on in the space.

The study of the physiological basis of human and animal behavior.

A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions.

A late-appearing component of the event-related potential. P300 stands for a positive deflection in the event-related voltage potential at 300 millisecond poststimulus. Its amplitude increases with unpredictable, unlikely, or highly significant stimuli and thereby constitutes an index of mental activity. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 6th ed)

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Area of the OCCIPITAL LOBE concerned with the processing of visual information relayed via VISUAL PATHWAYS.

The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

The difference between two images on the retina when looking at a visual stimulus. This occurs since the two retinas do not have the same view of the stimulus because of the location of our eyes. Thus the left eye does not get exactly the same view as the right eye.

The functional superiority and preferential use of one eye over the other. The term is usually applied to superiority in sighting (VISUAL PERCEPTION) or motor task but not difference in VISUAL ACUITY or dysfunction of one of the eyes. Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS.

Part of the DIENCEPHALON inferior to the caudal end of the dorsal THALAMUS. Includes the lateral geniculate body which relays visual impulses from the OPTIC TRACT to the calcarine cortex, and the medial geniculate body which relays auditory impulses from the lateral lemniscus to the AUDITORY CORTEX.

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

The ability to estimate periods of time lapsed or duration of time.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent.

Wave-like oscillations of electric potential between parts of the brain recorded by EEG.

A set of cognitive functions that controls complex, goal-directed thought and behavior. Executive function involves multiple domains, such as CONCEPT FORMATION, goal management, cognitive flexibility, INHIBITION control, and WORKING MEMORY. Impaired executive function is seen in a range of disorders, e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; and ADHD.

A subfield of psychiatry that emphasizes the somatic substructure on which mental operations and emotions are based, and the functional or organic disturbances of the central nervous system that give rise to, contribute to, or are associated with mental and emotional disorders. (From Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)

Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.

A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

Shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity.

A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).

A parasomnia characterized by a partial arousal that occurs during stage IV of non-REM sleep. Affected individuals exhibit semipurposeful behaviors such as ambulation and are difficult to fully awaken. Children are primarily affected, with a peak age range of 4-6 years.

A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-1 in terminally differentiated epidermal cells such as those that form the stratum corneum. Mutations in the genes that encode keratin-10 have been associated with HYPERKERATOSIS, EPIDERMOLYTIC.

A group of pyrido-indole compounds. Included are any points of fusion of pyridine with the five-membered ring of indole and any derivatives of these compounds. These are similar to CARBAZOLES which are benzo-indoles.

A disorder characterized by incomplete arousals from sleep associated with behavior suggesting extreme fright. This condition primarily affects children and young adults and the individual generally has no recall of the event. Episodes tend to occur during stage III or IV. SOMNAMBULISM is frequently associated with this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p391)

Facilities for the preparation and dispensing of drugs.

Downward displacement of the UTERUS. It is classified in various degrees: in the first degree the UTERINE CERVIX is within the vaginal orifice; in the second degree the cervix is outside the orifice; in the third degree the entire uterus is outside the orifice.

Biased behaviors or attitudes, differential treatment, unequal access to social participation or opportunities based on age.

Removal of the uterus through the vagina.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

A relational pattern in which a person attempts to derive a sense of purpose through relationships with others.

Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.

Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)

The practical application of physical, mechanical, and mathematical principles. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.

Former members of the armed services.

Financial support of research activities.

Hospitals providing medical care to veterans of wars.

Abnormal cortical processing of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with focal hand dystonia studied by movement-related potentials. (1/178)

In order to clarify the abnormality in cortical motor preparation for voluntary muscle relaxation of the hand in patients with focal hand dystonia, Bereitschaftspotentials (BPs) preceding voluntary muscle contraction and relaxation were recorded in eight patients (three with simple writer's cramp and five with dystonic writer's cramp), and were compared with those from 10 normal subjects. Voluntary muscle relaxation: after keeping the right wrist in an extended position for > 5 s, the subject let the hand drop by voluntarily terminating muscle contraction of the wrist extensor without any associated muscle contraction. Voluntary muscle contraction: the right wrist was flexed by voluntarily contracting the wrist flexor muscle. Scalp EEGs were recorded from 11 electrodes placed over the frontal, central and parietal areas. In the control group, the BP measured at the movement onset was maximal at the left central area (C1), and distributed predominantly over the left hemisphere equally in both the contraction and relaxation tasks. In the focal hand dystonia group, BP was maximal at C1 in the contraction task, whereas, in the relaxation task, it was maximal at the midline central area (Cz) and symmetrically distributed. At the left central area, the BP amplitude in the focal hand dystonia group was diminished significantly in the relaxation task compared with the contraction task (P < 0.05). The present results demonstrate for the first time that the cortical preparatory process for voluntary muscle relaxation, or motor inhibition, is abnormal in focal hand dystonia. (+info)

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves frontal cortex function in Parkinson's disease. An electrophysiological study of the contingent negative variation. (2/178)

Parkinson's disease involves impaired activation of frontal cortical areas, including the supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex, resulting from impaired thalamocortical output of the basal ganglia. Electrophysiologically, such impaired cortical activation may be seen as a reduced amplitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV), a slow negative potential shift reflecting cognitive processes associated with the preparation and/or anticipation of a response. Surgical interventions aimed at increasing basal ganglia-thalamic outflow to the cortex, such as electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus with chronically implanted electrodes, have been shown to be effective in improving the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This study examined changes in cortical activity, as reflected in the CNV, associated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease. The CNV was recorded from 10 patients with Parkinson's disease when on and off bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation, and was compared with the CNV of 10 healthy control subjects. Without subthalamic nucleus stimulation, Parkinson's disease patients showed reduced CNV amplitudes over the frontal and frontocentral regions compared with control subjects. With bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation, however, CNV amplitudes over the frontal and frontocentral regions were significantly increased. Results therefore suggest that impaired cortical functioning in Parkinson's disease, particularly within the frontal and premotor areas, is improved by subthalamic nucleus stimulation. (+info)

Medial frontal cortex in action monitoring. (3/178)

Effective behavior requires continuous action monitoring. Electrophysiological studies in both monkeys and humans have shown activity in the medial frontal cortex that reflects dynamic control and monitoring of behavioral acts. In humans, the centromedial frontal cortex shows an electrical response within 100 msec of an error, the error-related negativity (ERN). The ERN occurs only when subjects are aware of making an error, suggesting that a critical factor may be self-monitoring of the action process. In the present study, we examined late responses in a deadline reaction time task, in which the subject becomes increasingly aware of making an error as the response becomes increasingly late. We found evidence of response conflict before errors defined by late responses but not before errors defined by incorrect responses. The results also show a linear increase in the amplitude of the ERN with increasingly late responses. These data suggest that frontal networks provide dynamic representations that monitor and evaluate the unfolding action plan. (+info)

Parallel information processing in motor systems: intracerebral recordings of readiness potential and CNV in human subjects. (4/178)

We performed intracerebral recordings of Readiness Potential (RP) and Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) with simple repetitive distal limb movement in candidates for epilepsy surgery. In 26 patients (in Paris), depth electrodes were located in various cortical structures; in eight patients (in Brno), in the basal ganglia and the cortex. RPs were displayed in the contralateral primary motor cortex, contralateral somato-sensory cortex, and bilaterally in the SMA and the caudal part of the anterior cingulate cortices. CNVs were recorded in the same cortical regions as the RP, as well as in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex, and bilaterally in the premotor fronto-lateral, parietal superior, and middle temporal regions. In the basal ganglia, the RP was recorded in the putamen in six of seven patients, and in the head of the caudate nucleus and the pallidum in the only patient with electrodes in these recording sites. We suggest that our results are consistent with a long-lasting, simultaneous activation of cortical and subcortical structures, before and during self-paced and stimulus-triggered movements. The particular regions that are simultaneously active may be determined by the task context. (+info)

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on movement-related cortical activity in humans. (5/178)

Several lines of evidence suggest that low-rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the motor cortex at 1 Hz reduces the excitability of the motor cortex and produces metabolic changes under and at a distance from the stimulated side. Therefore, it has been suggested that rTMS may have beneficial effects on motor performance in patients with movement disorders. However, it is still unknown in what way these effects can be produced. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether rTMS of the motor cortex (15 min at 1 Hz) is able to modify the voluntary movement related cortical activity, as reflected in the Beretischaftspotential (BP), and if these changes are functionally relevant for the final motor performance. The cortical movement-related activity in a typical BP paradigm of five healthy volunteers has been recorded using 61 scalp electrodes, while subjects performed self-paced right thumb oppositions every 8-20 s. After a basal recording, the BP was recorded in three different conditions, counterbalanced across subjects: after rTMS stimulation of the left primary motor area (M1) (15 min, 1 Hz, 10% above motor threshold), after 15 min of sham rTMS stimulation and following 15 min of voluntary movements performed with spatio-temporal characteristics similar to those induced by TMS. The tapping test was used to assess motor performance before and after each condition. Only movement-related trials with similar electromyographic (onset from muscular 'silence') and accelerometric patterns (same initial direction and similar amplitudes) were selected for computing BP waveforms. TMS- evoked and self-paced thumb movements had the same directional accelerometric pattern but different amplitudes. In all subjects, the real rTMS, but neither sham stimulation nor prolonged voluntary movements, produced a significant amplitude decrement of the negative slope of the BP; there was also a shortening of the BP onset time in four subjects. The effect was topographically restricted to cortical areas which were active in the basal condition, irrespective of the basal degree of activation at every single electrode. No changes in the tapping test occurred. These findings suggest that rTMS of the motor cortex at 1 Hz may interfere with the movement related brain activity, probably through influence on cortical inhibitory networks. (+info)

Multimodal EEG analysis in man suggests impairment-specific changes in movement-related electric brain activity after stroke. (6/178)

Movement-related slow cortical potentials and event-related desynchronization of alpha (alpha-ERD) and beta (beta-ERD) activity after self-paced voluntary triangular finger movements were studied in 13 ischaemic supratentorial stroke patients and 10 age-matched control subjects during movement preparation and actual performance. The stroke patients suffered from central arm paresis (n = 8), somatosensory deficits (n = 3) or ideomotor apraxia (n = 2). The multimodal EEG analysis suggested impairment-specific changes in the movement-related electrical activity of the brain. The readiness potential of paretic subjects was centred more anteriorly and laterally; during movement, they showed increased beta-ERD at left lateral frontal recording sites. Patients with somatosensory deficits showed reduced alpha-ERD and beta-ERD during both movement preparation and actual performance. Patients with ideomotor apraxia showed more lateralized frontal movement-related slow cortical potentials during both movement preparation and performance, and reduced left parietal beta-ERD during movement preparation. We conclude that (i) disturbed motor efference is associated with an increased need for excitatory drive of pyramidal cells in motor and premotor areas or an attempt to drive movements through projections from these areas to brainstem motor systems during movement preparation; (ii) an undisturbed somatosensory afference might contribute to the release of relevant cortical areas from their 'idling' state when movements are prepared and performed; and (iii) apraxic patients have a relative lack of activity of the mesial frontal motor system and the left parietal cortex, which is believed to be part of a network subserving ideomotor praxis. (+info)

Disturbance of semantic processing in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated with scalp ERPs. (7/178)

We investigated event-related potentials (N400, LPC and CNV) elicited in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and control subjects from scalp electrodes, using a word-pair category matching paradigm. Each prime consisted of a Japanese noun (constructed from 2-4 characters of the Hiragana) followed by a Chinese character (Kanji) as the target, the latter representing one of five semantic categories. There were two equally probable target conditions: match or mismatch. Each target was preceded by a prime, either belonging to, or not belonging to, the same semantic category. The subjects were required to respond with a specified button press to the given target, according to the condition. We found RTs to be longer under the mismatch condition in both subject groups. The N400 amplitude was reduced in TLE subjects under both conditions, although LPC and CNV amplitudes showed no significant differences. These results suggest that scalp N400 is capable of demonstrating disturbance of semantic processing in TLE non-invasively. (+info)

Novelty-elicited mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia on admission and discharge. (8/178)

OBJECTIVE: Given recent reports of differences between mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by always novel sounds (novelty-elicited MMN) and that elicited by repeated rare deviants (conventional MMN), we investigated novelty-elicited MMN and P3a in patients with schizophrenia before and after a nonstandardized inpatient treatment. DESIGN: Electrophysiological and clinical assessment of patients on admission and discharge from hospital. Assessment of control subjects on 2 sessions. SETTING: Inpatient treatment in a psychiatric university hospital. SUBJECTS: 20 patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex. Selection of patients with first- to third-episode schizophrenia. OUTCOME MEASURES: Early and late component MMN amplitudes and latencies, P3a amplitudes and latencies, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale (EPS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and chlorpromazine equivalents. RESULTS: In patients with schizophrenia, novelty-elicited MMN was unimpaired on admission, and there was a statistically significant reduction of the late MMN component with treatment. Improvements in symptom expression were associated with increased latencies of the early MMN component. CONCLUSION: Results indicate differences in information processing between conventional and novelty-elicited MMN. Some components of the novelty-elicited MMN might be more state dependent than those of the conventional MMN. (+info)

It is the contingent negative variation (CNV). The CNV also composes two waves; the initial wave (i.e., O wave) and the ... C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Epiphenomenalism Error-related ... Walter, W.G; Cooper, R.; Aldridge, V.J.; McCallum, W.C.; Winter, A.L. (1964). "Contingent Negative Variation: an electric sign ... Ray Cooper: The discovery of the contingent negative variation (CNV), In: Current Contents Life Sciences 21, May 27, 1985, PDF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereitschaftspotential

Walter (1937, 1953) named the delta waves and theta waves, and the contingent negative variation (CNV), a slow cortical ... These potentials include the contingent negative variation (CNV), readiness potential, movement-related potentials (MRPs), and ... During the performance, biofeedback medical technology, such as the EEG, body temperature variations, heart rate, and galvanic ... believed that he had discovered the physical mechanism for telepathy but was disappointed that the electromagnetic variations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofeedback

Two specific membrane potentials, the bereitschaftspotential, or the BP, and contingent negative variation, or the CNV, play a ... and the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV). The difference between these two potentials is that the BP is involved in self- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premovement_neuronal_activity

Bereitschaftspotential Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity ... Because the N1 is a negative-going component, "larger" amplitudes correspond to being more negative, whereas "smaller" ... Positive stimuli (e.g., smiling faces) and negative stimuli (e.g., sad faces) have been found to elicit a greater N1 than ... The "1" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_N1

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The N400 itself is not always negative-it is just a more negative-going deflection than that seen to other conditions. Its ... For example, in the sentence A sparrow is a building, the N400 response to building is more negative than the N400 response to ... The N400 is a component of time-locked EEG signals known as event-related potentials (ERP). It is a negative-going deflection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N400_(neuroscience)

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... negative) amplitude for faces when they appeared in a fearful context then when placed in happy or neutral scenes. In fact, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N170

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Early left anterior negativity Error-related negativity Late ... with subsequently remembered items eliciting a less negative amplitude, as well as the P300 or an LPC, where items that are ... effects for words and common pictures and the lack of Dm effects for abstract figures suggests the Dm effect may be contingent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_due_to_memory

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... Older children start to develop a negative evoked potential at 200 ms that dominates evoked potentials until adolescence; this ... In neuroscience, the N100 or N1 is a large, negative-going evoked potential measured by electroencephalography (its equivalent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N100

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3a

... contingent negative variation MeSH G11.561.250.350 - event-related potentials, p300 MeSH G11.561.250.370 - evoked potentials, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G11)

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... In another variation of the dual-task paradigm, subjects are presented with a visual stream of items presented one at a time. ... There are several variations of the dual task paradigm, and they can be used to study cognitive workload (see Kok, 2001). ... Internal manipulations are variations in how much attention subjects are required or allowed to give to the stimulus. P3b ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P3b

Walter also went on to discover the contingent negative variation (CNV) effect whereby a negative spike of electrical activity ... 1961 Contingent negative variation: An electrical sign of sensorimotor association and expectancy in the human brain, Nature ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grey_Walter

Bereitschaftspotential Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error-related ... It can be a negative-going component (when using a mastoid reference point) or a positive going component with its peak ... The C1 has been shown to be negative when items are presented in the top half of the visual field and positive when the visual ... the C1 has a negative polarity if the stimuli is presented in the upper half of the visual field (when using a mastoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1_and_P1_(neuroscience)

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The visual MMN is an occipital negative potential with sources in the primary visual cortex and a typical latency of 150-250 ms ... The auditory MMN is a fronto-central negative potential with sources in the primary and non-primary auditory cortex and a ... auditory cortex to adequately model complex sound patterns with fast temporal variation. According to the results of an ongoing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mismatch_negativity

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Late ... The ERN is a sharp negative going signal which begins about the same time an incorrect motor response begins, (response locked ... In a study using a variation of the Stroop task, patients with severe traumatic brain injury associated with deficits in error ... Jodo E, Kayama Y (June 1992). "Relation of a negative ERP component to response inhibition in a Go/No-go task". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error-related_negativity

... contingent negative variation MeSH G07.453.450.350 - event-related potentials, p300 MeSH G07.453.450.370 - evoked potentials, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G07)

N400 P600 Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Error-related negativity Late ... It is characterized by a negative-going wave that peaks around 200 milliseconds or less after the onset of a stimulus, and most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_left_anterior_negativity

Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The "N" denotes a negative polarity; "2" describes its latency in the waveform (i.e., the second negative deflection, typically ... The component belongs to the family of N2 ERP components, a negative deflection in the ERP waveform at a latency of ... Compared to the waveform over cortex ipsilateral to the target, experimenters observed a consistently greater negative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N2pc

Later studies on event preparation examining the foreperiod of the contingent negative variation (CNV), which orients the ... This creates a foreperiod when their response or some instructed behavior is contingent on some event they've just been warned ... Part of this preparation includes a slow negative wave bilaterally distributed over pre- and post-central sites, the readiness ... Abdel Rahman, Rasha; van Turennout, Miranda; Levelt, Willem J. M. (2003). "Phonological encoding is not contingent on semantic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateralized_readiness_potential

Contingent negative variation. *Difference due to memory. *Early left anterior negativity. *Error-related negativity ... For example, N20 refers to a negative peak (N) at 20ms. This peak is recorded from the cortex when the median nerve is ... The VEP nomenclature is determined by using capital letters stating whether the peak is positive (P) or negative (N) followed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evoked_potential

Contingent negative variation (CNV). Mismatch negativity. Positivity. C1 & P1. P50. P200. P300. P3a. P3b. P600 (late positivity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEGLAB

... represents the exposure of stakeholders to the implications of variations in project outcome, both positive and negative." In ... They are project-specific risks which are sometimes called contingent risks, or risk events. These systematic risks are caused ... One factor captures worldwide variations of financial markets, another one the variations of European markets. Then this ... Second, the TCTF test is a measure of the likelihood and amount of medium-term net negative impact to the larger economy of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_risk

Defined and named by William Ernest Hocking, this variation is known as "negative pragmatism". Essentially, what works may or ... perceptions of truth are viewed as contingent on convention, human perception, and social experience. It is believed by ... fits negative pragmatism in that a negative pragmatist would never stop testing. As Feynman noted, an idea or theory "... could ... These variations do not necessarily follow Ramsey in asserting that truth is not a property, but rather can be understood to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth

Through ad hoc variations to the theory and sympathetic interpretation of the data, supporting scientists will resolve the ... The corollary of this observation is that a paradigm is contingent on the social order amongst scientists at the time it gains ... If they consistently fail, they will bring these negative results into the scientific debate.[according to whom?] A critical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectivity_(science)

Without the 2006 variation, the negative interest rate is a deduction off what is owed. An additional area of relevant ... Other concepts, crucial to financial markets include Contingent obligations, the fact that bank debts operate as money; and Set ... A swap derivative with negative interest rates highlights particularly issues at law. It is unclear how a party pays a negative ... This is not always possible due to the variation of the markets. Further, the risk of appropriation is that these can be used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_law

Non-variation clauses provide that no variation of a written contract has effect unless reduced to writing (Du Plessis, et al. ... A negative condition depends on an uncertain future event's not happening. When it becomes clear that an event can no longer ... The effect of a contract or obligation is often made contingent on the truth of an assumption the parties have made about a ... A non-variation clause prescribes formalities (usually writing) for any variation of the contract. Such a clause is not against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_contract_law

Negative reinforcement: may involve removing one from a negative situation Intermittent or partial reinforcement: Partial or ... Variations that lead to reinforcement are strengthened, and if reinforcement is consistent, the behavior tends to remain stable ... In order for praise to effect positive behavior change, it must be contingent on the positive behavior (i.e., only administered ... Either may be positive or negative. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability of a behavior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

The "contingent-capture" model emphasizes the idea that a person's current intentions and/or goals affect the speed and ... Alzheimer's disease is typically thought to affect high-level brain functioning (like memory) but can also have negative ... For example, detecting slight variations in complex musical patterns has been shown to activate the right ventromedial ... Two models of pre-attentive processing are pure-capture and contingent-capture. The "pure-capture" model focuses on stimulus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-attentive_processing

A surplus of assets creates a funding requirement, i.e. a negative mismatch that can be financed By long-term borrowings ( ... Central Bank and regulators involved Reports and escalation process Link with other contingent activities such as the Business ... central bank reserves Reduction plan of assets Additional sale plan of unencumbered assets Stressed haircut applied Variation ... This negative carry of this high liquid portfolio assets will be then allocated to the respective business lines that are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset_and_liability_management

The Formal Dress variation is the most formal, and is identical to the Dinner Dress Blue Jacket uniform but worn with a white ... photo-negative' of the Service Dress Blue jumper. Ribbons are worn with these uniforms over the top left pocket opening, along ... prior to 2019 it was contingent on disciplinary history); the colors on the Service Dress Whites are always black. Full Dress ... Ribbons are worn over the left breast pocket in all variations of the service dress uniform. An all-weather overcoat or reefer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy

The support of the Labor Party was contingent upon restricting non-white immigration, reflecting the attitudes of the ... "negative" freedom of association/trade union freedom), and the unlawfulness of discrimination liable to cause harm to non- ... Trade union density around the world shows great variation. ... Historical legitimacy is one of the negative factors that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unions

Thomas says the choice is not necessary, but in fact that apparently means it was contingent with regard to God and the law of ... The authors concluded, in their paper, that it is belief in determinism that causes those negative effects.[206] This may not ... There exist slight variations on the above categorisation. Some claim that theological determinism requires predestination of ... It is thus likely that the negative consequences below can be accounted for by participants developing a belief in fatalism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will

A variation on the sunken floor design is found in towns, where the "basement" may be as deep as 9 feet, suggesting a storage ... Jack, George B. "Negative adverbs in early Middle English." (1978): 295-309. ... "more contingent on contemporary political and religious theology as on any kind of evidence."[8] ... Variations include the German "Angelsachsen", French "Anglo-Saxon", Spanish "anglosajón", Portuguese "Anglo-saxão", Russian " ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons

Moreover, many substances can exist in metastable states, such as with negative pressure, that survive only transiently and in ... They make it clear that empirical definitions of temperature are contingent on the peculiar properties of particular ... and whose variations can be determined by calorimetric measurements." James Serrin introduces an account of the theory of ... Heat released by a system into its surroundings is by convention a negative quantity (Q , 0); when a system absorbs heat from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat

The free-rider problem in social science is the question of how to limit free riding and its negative effects in these ... A dominant assurance contract is a variation in which an entrepreneur creates the contract and refunds the initial pledge plus ... contingent on a quorum of a predetermined size being reached. Otherwise the good is not provided and any monetary contributions ... Free riding is often thought only in terms of positive and negative externalities felt by the public. The impact of social ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_rider_problem

There are two forms: symptom-contingent pacing, where the decision to stop (and rest or change an activity) is determined by an ... From the patient perspective, one 1997 study found that 77% of individuals with CFS reported negative experiences with health ... a decrease in the variation of cortisol levels throughout the day, decreased responsiveness of the HPA axis, and a high ... Further concern was expressed that reporting of negative effects experienced by patients receiving counseling and behavior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_chronic_fatigue_syndrome

This raised the contingent question of why four space-time dimensions became large and the rest became unobservably small. An ... For the case of exactly exponential expansion, the vacuum energy has a negative pressure p equal in magnitude to its energy ... Because the accelerating expansion of space stretches out any initial variations in density or temperature to very large length ... to large density variations resulting from bubble wall collisions. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_inflation

But this definition today seems to me only a twisted phrase which, by means of two negatives, conceals an anacoluthon. We know ... He held that fortuitous variation (which he also called "sporting"), mechanical necessity, and creative love are the three ... Deductive application of the contingent theory so as to clarify its practical implications; ... refining the use of pendulums to determine small local variations in the Earth's gravity.[21] He was elected a resident fellow ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sanders_Peirce

Weiten, W (2010). Psychology: Themes and Variations (8 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 461. ISBN 978-0-495-81310-1.. ... Hacking argued that the process of "making up people" is historically contingent, hence it is not surprising to find the rise, ... However, public reaction to the result of the case involving William S. "Billy" Milligan was strongly negative, and since that ... One of ten photogravure portraits of Louis Vivet published in Variations de la personnalité by Henri Bourru and Prosper ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder

Weiten, W (2010). Psychology: Themes and Variations (8 ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 461. ISBN 0-495-81310-9.. ... Hacking argued that the process of "making up people" is historically contingent, hence it is not surprising to find the rise, ... Amnesia was replaced when it became clear that the risk of false negative diagnoses was low because amnesia was central to DID. ... One of ten photogravure portraits of Louis Vivet published in Variations de la personnalité by Henri Bourru and Prosper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_personality_disorder

Gaudreault, André (2009), American cinema, 1890-1909: themes and variations, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 978-0-8135-4443-4. ... A contingent of Spanish troops, having fought a skirmish with the Americans near Siboney on June 23, had retired to their ... The focus on preserving the empire would have negative consequences for Spain's national pride in the aftermath of the Spanish- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_American_War

One cultural variation in this trend was found among MMM Guatemalan workers who put forth work effort comparable to better ... If practiced on a small scale, over a large area, with long fallow periods, horticulture has less negative environmental impact ... but that access to an adequate diet becomes increasingly removed from local control and increasingly contingent on access to ... The main import of these examples is not that delocalization is universally negative, but that it tends to increase disparities ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_anthropology

"World Service Global Poll: Negative views of Russia on the rise". BBC. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2018.. ... Many dishes that were once regional, however, have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day. ... the CNE sparked criticism from trade unions and opponents claiming it was lending favour to contingent work. In 2006 he then ... playing different roles both regionally and nationally with their many variations and Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_culture

... such as the cavalry contingents in the army of Julius Caesar.[100] Some became Roman citizens as far back as the 1st century BC ... blondism frequency displayed a wide degree of regional variation, ranging from around 12.6% in Veneto to 1.7% among the ... the author of the study stated the stereotype can have serious negative effects on hiring, promotion and other social ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blonde

"The Bromley Contingent", punk77.co.uk. Retrieved on December 3, 2006. *^ Savage (1992), pp. 151-152. The quote has been ... Negative Trend, the Mutants, and the Sleepers.[209] the Dils, from Carlsbad, moved between the two major cities.[210] The ... used variations of the term in two places: "punk rock," in the essay liner notes, to describe the genre of 1960s garage bands, ... the Negatives, and the Babeez (later known as the News) in Melbourne.[257] Melbourne's art rock-influenced Boys Next Door ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punk_rock

The electron affinities of the noble gases have not been measured conclusively, so they may or may not have slightly negative ... In its absence, the many different forms of periodic table can be regarded as variations on the theme of chemical periodicity, ... contingent upon the circumstances, beliefs and predilections of human observers. An objective basis for chemical periodicity ... and there is no gap between the positive and negative energy spectra, as in the Klein paradox.[164] More accurate calculations ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_elements

In 1995, the motto that "work is something you do, not something you travel to" was coined.[8] Variations of this motto include ... These factors are part of the negative influence that telework may have on a person's career.[95] ... Adaptive structuration theory studies variations in organizations as new technologies are introduced[54] Adaptive structural ... those individuals high in growth need strength will have a more positive reaction to increased autonomy and a more negative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomad_worker

Samples that are negative on the screening test are discarded and reported as negative. The confirmation test in most ... and inconclusive results can be produced by variations in sweat production rates in donors. They also have a relatively long ... If the result of the screen is negative, the MRO informs the employer that the employee has no detectable drug in the urine, ... However, if the test result of the immunoassay and GC-MS are non-negative and show a concentration level of parent drug or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_test

This lack of clarity about Henry's control over events has contributed to the variation in the qualities ascribed to him: ... The visitation focussed almost exclusively on the country's religious houses, with largely negative conclusions.[200] In ... albeit one couched in somewhat contingent terms.[61] It is not clear exactly when Henry changed his mind on the issue as he ... was largely negative in Scarisbrick's eyes: to Scarisbrick the Henrician period was one of upheaval and destruction and those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Henry_VIII

Foreseeing a negative economic effect of a similar Jewish flight from Portugal, King Manuel issued his decree four years later ... But the old regional variations (i.e. Bosnia, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and Turkey for instance) are already either ... and perhaps indicating that such was contingent on the treatment of Jews abroad. ... is a reason why the surnames of many Western Sephardim tend to be Portuguese variations of common Spanish surnames, though some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardi_Jews

The avoidance of such negative consequences leads to negative reinforcement, whereas contacting these negative consequences is ... Ranging in variations depending on culture, race, religion, and geographical location, it is the foundation of the terms some ... Norms also can be changed contingent on the observed behavior of others (how much behavior is exhibited). ... It can be described as something negative to the self as well as a negative state of feeling. Used in both instances, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_norm

... which makes joining any military alliance contingent on a popular referendum,[140][141] a stance acknowledged by NATO.[142][143 ... as well as exposure to the winds account for climate variations.[100] Southern Serbia is subject to Mediterranean influences.[ ... Serbia entered the recession in 2009 with negative growth of −3% and again in 2012 and 2014 with −1% and −1.8%, respectively.[ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia

Contingent events are not subject to natural physical causes, but are the direct result of God's constant intervention, without ... If their reviews were negative, the practicing physician could face a lawsuit from a maltreated patient.[82] ... In his medical writings, Avicenna was the first to describe the methods of agreement, difference and concomitant variation ... Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy

A variation of Hebbian learning that takes into account phenomena such as blocking and many other neural learning phenomena is ... That is, each element will tend to turn on every other element and (with negative weights) to turn off the elements that do not ... the link between sensory stimuli and motor programs also only seem to be potentiated if the stimulus is contingent on the motor ... Nodes that tend to be either both positive or both negative at the same time have strong positive weights, while those that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_assembly_theory

Geographic and ethnic variation in 2D:4DEdit. Manning and colleagues have shown that 2D:4D ratios vary greatly between ... probably as a result of reduced negative feedback on gonadotropins. Thus, it is not clear that 2D:4D would be expected to ... 4D ratio and cognitive empathy is contingent on a common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR rs53576)". ... Digit ratio in men may correlate with genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene.[43] Men with genes that produce androgen ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digit_ratio

Male respondents are more likely to change their status from being not-employed to employed, but being insured has a negative ... The table below shows the variation in eligibility ages for public old-age benefits in the United States and many European ... has a negative effect on the probability of retirement among older males. This is an intuitive result as males in bigger ... real per annum for the 30-year maturity and a noteworthy slightly negative real return for the 7-year maturity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retirement

If they consistently fail, they will bring these negative results into the scientific debate.[citation needed] ... Through ad hoc variations to the theory and sympathetic interpretation of the data, supporting scientists will resolve the ... The corollary of this observation is that the primacy of a given paradigm is similarly contingent on the social order amongst ... but a far more contingent shift in social order. A paradigm will go into a crisis when a significant portion of the scientists ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_objectivity

They tend to be calm, emotionally stable, and free from persistent negative feelings. Freedom from negative feelings does not ... Twin studies and other research have shown that about half of the variation between individuals results from their genetic ... feedback and contingent relationships between core systems of individual differences.[209] ... Their negative emotional reactions tend to persist for unusually long periods of time, which means they are often in a bad mood ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits

... has been termed the contingent negative variation (CNV). It appears as a correlate of focal attention, and it has been ... Contingent negative variation. physiology. THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this ... stimulus, has been termed the contingent negative variation (CNV). It appears as a correlate of focal attention, and it has ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/contingent-negative-variation

Evoked potentials and contingent negative variation during treatment of multiple sclerosis with spinal cord stimulation. ... Evoked potentials and contingent negative variation during treatment of multiple sclerosis with spinal cord stimulation. ... and the cerebral contingent negative variation were recorded in patients with definite multiple sclerosis before, during, and ... somatosensory and brainstem evoked potentials but neither the visual evoked potential nor the contingent negative variation ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/43/1/15

... the so-called contingent negative variation (CNV) is of particular interest. The CNV is an event-related slow negative shift in ... Tecce JJ: Contingent negative variation (CNV) and psychological processes in man. Pyschol Bull. 1972, 77 (2): 73-108.View ... Ikeda A, Shibasaki H, Kaki R, Terada K, Nagamine T, Honda M, Kimura J: Dissociation between contingent negative variation (CNV ... Gomez CM, Marco J, Grau C: Preparatory visuo-motor cortical network of the contingent negative variation estimated by current ...

https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2377-11-64

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereitschaftspotential

Both, the initial and terminal contingent negative variation indicated a divergent pattern: participants with pronounced ... Both, the initial and terminal contingent negative variation indicated a divergent pattern: participants with pronounced ... Initial Contingent Negative Variation (iCNV). During habituation and extinction, no significant effects were found. During ... Tecce, J. J. (1972). Contingent negative variation (CNV) and psychological processes in man. Psychol. Bull. 77, 73-108. doi: ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00706/full

Using ERP indices-including readiness potential, P3 and contingent negative variation to identify motor preparation, stimulus ... Using ERP indices-including readiness potential, P3 and contingent negative variation to identify motor preparation, stimulus ... Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) (500-1,000 ms). Figure 4 shows the CNV measurements of the pretest and posttest for both ... Using ERP indices-including readiness potential, P3 and contingent negative variation to identify motor preparation, stimulus ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01670/full

Influence of MTHFR genotype on contingent negative variation and MRI abnormalities in migraine Marina de Tommaso 1 , Olimpia ... Influence of MTHFR genotype on contingent negative variation and MRI abnormalities in migraine Marina de Tommaso et al. ... Objective: The first aim of the present study was to examine the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) amplitude and habituation ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=25851

In 40 hypotensive subjects and 40 normotensive controls, the contingent negative variation (CNV), i... ... In 40 hypotensive subjects and 40 normotensive controls, the contingent negative variation (CNV), induced by a constant ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/reduced-cortical-activity-due-chronic-low-blood-pressure-eeg-study/

... and this was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of initial frontal contingent negative variation, which was ... ERP data showed that fitter participants exhibited smaller amplitude frontal contingent negative variation when instructed to ... Shiu, L. P., & Kornblum, S. (1996). Negative priming and stimulus-response compatibility. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(4), ... Several studies investigating links between exercise and selective attention or inhibitory control have employed variations of ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758%2Fs13423-012-0345-4

Specifically, our study aimed to assess ERP brain activity in response preparation (contingent negative variation -CNV) and ... Cluster analysis of behavioural and event-related potentials during a contingent negative variation paradigm in remitting- ...

http://journaldatabase.info/articles/cluster_analysis_behavioural.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofeedback

Rohrbaugh, J., & Gaillard, A. W. K. (1983). Sensory and motor aspects of the contingent negative variation. In A. W. K.Gaillard ... Böker, K., & Brunia, C. H. M. (in press). The contingent negative variation: Potential and scalp current density fields. Brain ... Klorman, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). Heart rate, contingent negative variation and evoked potential during anticipation of ... Rösler, F. (1991). Perception or action: Some comments on preparatory negative potentials. In C. H. M.Brunia, G.Mulder, & M. N. ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb02054.x/references

Hultin, L. (1997). On Neuromagnetic Assessment of the Contingent Negative Variation. http://www2.lib.chalmers.se/cth/diss/doc/ ...

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Consciousness_Studies/Neuroscience_2

Imagined movement Movement preparation Startle Contingent negative variation This is a preview of subscription content, log in ... Walter WG, Cooper R, Aldridge VJ, McCallum WC, Winter AL (1964) Contingent negative variation: an electric sign of sensorimotor ... during executed and imagined movements was confirmed by electroencephalographic recording of a contingent negative variation ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00221-015-4237-5

Contingent Negative Variation / physiology. Corpus Callosum / physiopathology. Dominance, Cerebral / physiology. ... In the present one we present data on the register of movement-related potentials (Negative Shift, NS) and Lateralized ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Inhibitory-deficits-in-probable-Alzheimers/10394510.html

... and the contingent negative variation (CNV) has been used as an index of temporal decision making. In sum, EEG measures provide ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25358712/

Contingent Negative Variation Electroencephalography Measurement errors Mean square error Bio-inspired tendon driven mechanism ...

https://vbn.aau.dk/en/organisations/center-for-sanse-motorisk-interaktion/publications/

Contingent Negative Variation Electroencephalography Measurement errors Mean square error 9 Downloads (Pure) ...

https://vbn.aau.dk/da/organisations/institut-for-medicin-og-sundhedsteknologi/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

... contingent negative variation; DS, digit span; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; IVA, integrated visual and auditory; D-KEFS, ... ADHD subjects had negative effects on verbal WM, while impairments in visuospatial WM were detected in the ADHD and ASD groups ...

https://www.dovepress.com/a-review-of-executive-function-deficits-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-an-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-NDT

12.1.3.2 Contingent Negative Variation. *12.1.4 Effects of Essential Oils and Fragrances on Selected Basic and Higher Cognitive ... 3.5.3.3 Intraindividual Variation between Plant Parts and Depending on the Developmental Stage (Morpho- and Ontogenetic ...

https://corp.credoreference.com/component/booktracker/edition/11170.html

Contingent negative variation n. A form of colour-blindness or colour deficiency, cone pigment, film colour, flight of colours ...

https://dsaj.org/buyingmg/cialis-effect-heart/200/

Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a negative brain potential recorded by averaging electroencephalogram derived from scalp ... The effects of difficulty in voluntary postural change on contingent negative variation (CNV) and preparatory postural action ... Effects of difficulty in voluntary postural change on contingent negative variation and postural preparatory action ... Individual variation in balance strategy between the trunk and leg in the frontal plane appears to occur during the stepping. ...

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/hbs/9/0/_contents/-char/en

Contingent negative variation n. A loss or change of bowel habit was not the unit. Gut 1998;45 (suppl ii):33 epidemiol infect ... When the catheter is suspected, see to give the test 30% negative bc > ac 15 74% positive ac > bc 0.12 13% follow each row from ...

https://cadasb.org/pharmacy/apa-itu-pil-viagra/13/

1964 Contingent Negative Variation: An Electric Sign of Sensorimotor Association and Expectancy in the Human Brain. Nature 203 ... 1964). He calls this a "contingent negative variation" It is a brain process which undoubtedly plays a role in decision making ... However, brief pulses of direct current, alternations of positive and negative pulses, and sine waves have all been used with ... As we have seen in the instance of transitions from wakefulness to sleep, variations in the state of consciousness or awareness ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/anatomy-and-physiology/anatomy-and-physiology/nervous-system

Abnormal contingent negative variation in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.. Neuroreport. Chao LL, Cardenas VA, ...

https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/people/dieter-meyerhoff-phd

4. The Contingent Negative Variation: The Cumulative Curve Method Revisited. By Daniel Dumalin ...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/event-related-potentials-and-evoked-potentials

P300 components and the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) were recorded. The latencies and amplitudes of the P3a and P3b ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Attention-in-essential-tremor-evidence/23196980.html

1964) Contingent negative variation : An electric sign of sensori-motor association and expectancy in the human brain. Nature ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/116/12/5805

Imaging maturation of motor preparation and stimulus anticipation by late contingent negative variation. Neuroimage 27, 737-752 ...

https://tu-dresden.de/bereichsuebergreifendes/sfb940/people/a-z/1-4

Researchers recorded subjects contingent negative variation (CNV), a type of brainwave, while subjects performed a reaction ... The biggest difference in test results between groups came from the contingent negative variation brainwave recordings. When ... During the test, researchers recorded a type of brainwave called the contingent negative potential or CNV, which is considered ... she found that while CNV activity among HIV-negative participants surged shortly after appearance of the first image, it ...

https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/11/4706/study-finds-subtle-brain-damage-some-hiv-patients-drug-therapy

Evoked potentials and contingent negative variation during treatment of multiple sclerosis with spinal cord stimulation. (bmj.com)
Cervical somatosensory evoked potentials, brainstem evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, and the cerebral contingent negative variation were recorded in patients with definite multiple sclerosis before, during, and after spinal cord stimulation. (bmj.com)
Improvements were seen in the cervical somatosensory and brainstem evoked potentials but neither the visual evoked potential nor the contingent negative variation changed in association with spinal cord stimulation. (bmj.com)
In the present one we present data on the register of movement-related potentials (Negative Shift, NS) and Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP), which have shown a very fine capacity to reveal processes that occur in the motor cortex while movement execution is being prepared. (biomedsearch.com)
Olfactory evoked potentials and contingent negative variation simultaneously recorded for diagnosis of smell disorders. (medigraphic.com)
Publications] Kitamura,J.: 'Enhanced negative slope of cortical potentials before sequential as compared with simultaneous extensions of two fingers' Electroencephalography and clinical Neurophysiology. (nii.ac.jp)
The relationship of contingent negative variation, motor potentials and the observed electrocortical patterns is discussed. (usf.edu)
view dynamics of sensory and cognitive processing by the brain integrative aspects of neural networks electroencephalography event related potentials contingent negative motivation, ubiquitous whitefly, desirable 1-Motives, and plants on the leaf and non-target metabolites should still evaluate updated. (sellier-edv.de)

Using ERP indices-including readiness potential, P3 and contingent negative variation to identify motor preparation, stimulus processing and interference effect, respectively-we revealed the effects of training on both intention-based and stimulus-based actions. (frontiersin.org)

stimulus, has been termed the contingent negative variation (CNV). (britannica.com)
Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a negative brain potential recorded by averaging electroencephalogram derived from scalp electrodes during a period between warning and response stimulus (foreperiod) to which subjects perform motor and/or mental response. (go.jp)
Imaging maturation of motor preparation and stimulus anticipation by late contingent negative variation. (tu-dresden.de)
In addition, a preliminary investigation of the tonic OR compared the pre-stimulus contingent negative variation (CNV) with pre-stimulus arousal level (measured by SCL). (edu.au)
2003). Thus, the stronger anticipatory negative drift over the central scalp for needle compared with Q-tip clips in the present study may reflect enhanced preparation for the processing of the subsequently presented electrical stimulus. (pdgfrsignaling.com)
In trials in which the participants showed a fast response, a slow negative potential over central electrodes starting approximately 800 ms before the response and highly phase-locked gamma oscillations over central and posterior electrodes between 90 and 140 ms after the stimulus were observed. (beds.ac.uk)

For example, the mismatch negativity (MMN) and omission potential (OP) have been used to study implicit and explicit timing, respectively, the P300 has been used to investigate temporal memory updating, and the contingent negative variation (CNV) has been used as an index of temporal decision making. (nih.gov)
P300 components and the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) were recorded. (biomedsearch.com)

The first aim of the present study was to examine the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) amplitude and habituation pattern in a migraine sample versus non-migraine subjects, at the light of the MTHFR genotype, according to an unrelated and clinical based case-control panel. (cdc.gov)
The researchers also tested patients' contingent negative variation amplitude -- a measure of a person's overall ability to react to something by taking physical action. (thebody.com)

Mobile phones exposure induces changes of contingent negative variation in humans. (emf-portal.org)

However, no significant effects were observed in terms of P3 latency and contingent negative variation. (humankinetics.com)

Both, the initial and terminal contingent negative variation indicated a divergent pattern: participants with pronounced interpersonal deficits, showed increased cortical negativity to the CS+ compared to the CS−, whereas a reversed CS+/CS− differentiation was found in offenders scoring high on the antisocial facet. (frontiersin.org)
en] The identification of the brain structures and neurotransmitters responsible for the generation and/or modulation of the mismatch negativity (MMN) may contribute to a clearer understanding of its functional significance, and may have clinical implications. (ac.be)

Non-visual effects were evaluated based on brain arousal levels ( α -wave ratio and contingent negative variation [CNV]), autonomic nervous activity (heart rate variability [HRV]), work performance, and subjective responses during daytime exposure to either an artificial skylight or fluorescent lights, as well as nocturnal melatonin secretion. (biomedcentral.com)

Researchers recorded subjects' contingent negative variation (CNV), a type of brainwave, while subjects performed a reaction time test. (ucsf.edu)
Researchers from the University of California-San Francisco departments of psychiatry and radiology at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center conducted a battery of tests on 31 HIV-positive patients and 35 HIV-negative patients to gauge neurological damage (Russell, San Francisco Chronicle, 11/14). (thebody.com)

The late negative slope preceding the movement onset by 300 ms was generated more from the contralateral SMA and M1. (nii.ac.jp)
The contribution of central factors to movement preparation (e.g., the contingent negative variation [CNV]) and the influence of fatigue on such factors are still unclear, even though executive cognitive functions are regarded as key elements in motor control. (humankinetics.com)

Specifically, our study aimed to assess ERP brain activity in response preparation (contingent negative variation -CNV) and stimuli processing in MS patients. (biomedcentral.com)

Temporal accumulation and decision processes in the duration bisection task revealed by contingent negative variation. (semanticscholar.org)
Contingent negative variation as a measure of motivation in investigation of associative processes. (naver.com)

Task-appropriate preparation during executed and imagined movements was confirmed by electroencephalographic recording of a contingent negative variation waveform. (springer.com)

In trials in which the participants showed a slow response, no slow negative potential was observed and phase-locked gamma oscillations were significantly reduced. (beds.ac.uk)

Differential Go/NoGo activity in both contingent negative variation and spectral power," PLoS One , vol. 7, no. 10, article e48504, 2012. (hindawi.com)

In other words, the CFs represent the context that accompany any healthcare treatment: the exposure of a patient to a positive context (positive CFs) very often produces a placebo effect that is the occurrence of symptoms improvement (e.g. analgesia), whereas a negative context (negative CFs) can generate a nocebo effect, with a worsening of the pain condition (e.g. hyperalgesia) [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, extinction, i.e. the cessation of action-contingent stimulation, and the complete reversal of the relationship between action and outcome by the imposition of an omission contingency, rapidly abolished lever pressing. (nih.gov)

It in no way shows or implies that the Transcendental Meditation technique has negative effects. (truthabouttm.org)
Previous patents have described "psychic energizer agents and compositions," the effects of which were assessed by a method referred to as Contingent Negative Variation (CNV). (cosmeticsandtoiletries.com)
The CFs directly impact on the quality of the therapeutic outcome: a positive context, that is a context characterized by the presence of positive CFs, can reduce pain by producing placebo effects, while a negative context, characterized by the presence of negative CFs, can aggravate pain by creating nocebo effects. (biomedcentral.com)

Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. (cambridge.org)

The role of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in phasic alertness : evidence from a contingent negative variation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study," Neural Plasticity , vol. 2015, Article ID 410785, 9 pages, 2015. (hindawi.com)

development of interventions that can be flexibly administered and individually "tailored," and assessing positive as well as negative aspects of caregiving to encourage development of greater resilience. (stanford.edu)
A prominent positive-negative-positive wave form was observed maximally in postcentral cortex when monkeys held a key down during a fixed interval between two stimuli. (usf.edu)

Like the anti-war movement, the pro-war contingent uses the disproportionate numbers of people of color in the armed forces to justify their position. (thefreedictionary.com)

This work also led to his close collaboration with Walter on Contingent Negative Variation (CNV, or 'expectancy wave') in the 1960s. (sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk)

An Examination of the Determinants of Biased Behaviour in a Market for State Contingent Claims ," Economica , London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 76(302), pages 282-303, April. (repec.org)
One wide implication is the presence of cross-social differences in huguy cognition and behaviour contingent upon the loved one visibility of pathogens in the regional ecology. (sarkariresultonline.info)

Variations in the scope from the 2004 version of IFRS 3 as compared to 2008 IFRS 3 version is used in combinations of joint business entities as well as combinations which do not have consideration for example dual listed company shares. (auessays.com)
Contingent consideration requirements have been modified. (auessays.com)
Contingent consideration is nowadays accepted at fair value even in cases where it's not likely to pay at the acquisition date. (auessays.com)
All ensuing modification to liability contingent consideration is taken to the income statement, instead of goodwill account because it is perceived to be a debt acknowledged in the international accounting standard 32/39. (auessays.com)
These changes in contingent consideration were formerly taken in the goodwill account. (auessays.com)
The Company defines "Adjusted EBITDA" as net income (loss) before interest and other non-operating income (expense), income taxes, depreciation and amortization, impairment charges, share-based payments, gains and losses on the revaluing of contingent consideration and derivatives, foreign exchange gains and losses, acquisition and restructuring costs, and other gains and losses. (sgdigital.com)

Portfolio breakdown percentages may not total 100% and may be negative due to rounding, use of any derivatives, unsettled trades or other factors. (franklintempleton.com)

Discriminant function analysis (DFA) of the morphometric data revealed a considerable variation of morphological characters between the sampled localities while Principal. (academicjournals.org)
There is considerable variation across countries in terms of the specific risk factors and populations affected by HIV. (nih.gov)

SCC's accrual for contingent losses related to representation and warranty claims increased $4 million from the prior quarter to $154 million. (hrblock.com)

However, while early life stress has been linked to negative effects on a number of neural systems, the specific mechanisms through which early life stress influences development and individual differences in children's outcomes are still not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
One consequence is the activation of these mechanisms contingent upon cues indicating vulnercapacity to the transmission of pathogens. (sarkariresultonline.info)

Acquisition et interaction en langue étrangère 17, 143-167. (helsinki.fi)

Besides, interpreters are frequently faced with variation in terminology, especially due to the fact that they are dealing with spoken language. (asling.org)

In addition, it compares the estimates obtained from these real choices in the field with those obtained through a hypothetical dichotomous choice questionnaire administered to patients from the same clinic (throughout the text, we refer to this second as a contingent valuation (CV) exercise). (springeropen.com)
Footnote 3 Participants in the hypothetical choice experiment are significantly less responsive to variations in price and waiting times, and the point estimates for the WTP to avoid a minute of wait in this case ranges from 0.33 to 0.48 Mexican pesos. (springeropen.com)

Drawing on epidemiological information and the findings of global cross-nationwide surveys of individualism/collectivism, our results support this hypothesis: the regional pervasiveness of pathogens has actually a solid positive correlation via cultural indications of collectivism and also a solid negative correlation with individualism. (sarkariresultonline.info)

Significant variations in the bias are discovered between market sectors on‐ and off‐racetrack. (repec.org)
It includes all positive or negative conditions that affect the patient, the physical environment, such as families, friends, and significant others, and the setting for where they go for their healthcare. (tdedzeanball.com)

2017 ). In a business context, online rumors and firestorms that are not addressed adequately can have severe negative consequences for companies, including the loss of trust between management, staff, and shareholders, and sustained personal and corporate reputational damage (e.g. (springer.com)

it expresses in negative form the impulse which inspires committed literature. (wordpress.com)

The question was taken on employing the public I printer, and negatived by a large majority. (uncg.edu)
Urban S&R teams are on the ground from Australia, large contingent enroute from Los Angeles, others flying from Japan & Taiwan. (blogspot.com)

In three years from 2008 Scottish national policy drove delivery of nearly 175,000 brief alcohol interventions, testament to what can be done when policy is backed by funding and infrastructure and incentive payments contingent on implementation. (findings.org.uk)

Revenues decreased 4.6% to $128 million, due primarily to the negative impact of foreign currency exchange rates in Australia and Canada. (hrblock.com)

Just as the EPA tacked on "ultra" and then "super" in creating ever-more-stringent-sounding categories for its low-emissions vehicle ratings, the tire business is continuously inventing variations of its high-performance segment. (caranddriver.com)

You could still have an impartial jury, but one that does have a negative societal impact. (louisville.edu)

Ideally, to recover such measures from data, econometricians can rely on variation in prices and goods' attributes readily available on the market and relate them to consumers' choices. (springeropen.com)
When this variation is unavailable from real-world data, WTP measures obtained from hypothetical choice experiments are very commonly used, and growingly so in the field of health economics. (springeropen.com)

7»Every subscriber will be held strictly to the LFTTF.B of thenbnv"- terms, "without variation or shadow of turning. (uncg.edu)

Spanish delegate for AEN/CTN 174 and CEN/BTTF 138, actively involved in the development of the UNE-EN 15038:2006 and currently involved in the future ISO Standard (ISO TC37/SC2-WG6 "Translation and Interpreting"), where she is in charge of ISO/AWI 20539 (Translation, interpreting and related technology - Vocabulary) and ISO/DIS 18841 (Interpreting services - General requirements and recommendations). (asling.org)

The contingency is overwhelming because (unlike population ecology) there are too many relevant causal factors, and because (unlike macroecology) communities are too small-scale for these contingent details to average out. (wordpress.com)
Nonetheless, a consistent estimation of the WTP from observed choices requires sufficient variation in the goods' attributes and prices that is uncorrelated with other factors that could influence WTP. (springeropen.com)

What few benefits sports provide are microscopic in comparison to the negative gender norms, violence and divisiveness the games create. (carrollnews.org)

Anatomy3

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology21

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Abnormal cortical processing of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with focal hand dystonia studied by movement-related potentials. (1/178)

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves frontal cortex function in Parkinson's disease. An electrophysiological study of the contingent negative variation. (2/178)

Medial frontal cortex in action monitoring. (3/178)

Parallel information processing in motor systems: intracerebral recordings of readiness potential and CNV in human subjects. (4/178)

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on movement-related cortical activity in humans. (5/178)

Multimodal EEG analysis in man suggests impairment-specific changes in movement-related electric brain activity after stroke. (6/178)

Disturbance of semantic processing in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated with scalp ERPs. (7/178)

Novelty-elicited mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia on admission and discharge. (8/178)

Contingent Negative Variation

Electroencephalography

Evoked Potentials

Reaction Time

Psychomotor Performance

Philately

Encyclopedias as Topic

Phlebotomy

Biofeedback, Psychology

Periodicity

Vacuum

Psychophysiology

Galvanic Skin Response

Event-Related Potentials, P300

Cognition

Visual Cortex

Vision, Binocular

Photic Stimulation

Vision Disparity

Dominance, Ocular

Geniculate Bodies

Visual Pathways

Time Perception

Time Factors

Reinforcement Schedule

Brain Waves

Executive Function

Neuropsychiatry

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Neuropsychological Tests

Autistic Disorder

Cognition Disorders

Abbreviations as Topic

Klinefelter Syndrome

Somnambulism

Keratin-10

Carbolines

Night Terrors

Pharmacies

Uterine Prolapse

Ageism

Hysterectomy, Vaginal

Gynecologic Surgical Procedures

Codependency (Psychology)

Surgical Mesh

Persian Gulf Syndrome

Engineering

San Francisco

Technology

Veterans

Research Support as Topic

Hospitals, Veterans

Abnormal cortical processing of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with focal hand dystonia studied by movement-related potentials. (1/178)

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves frontal cortex function in Parkinson's disease. An electrophysiological study of the contingent negative variation. (2/178)

Medial frontal cortex in action monitoring. (3/178)

Parallel information processing in motor systems: intracerebral recordings of readiness potential and CNV in human subjects. (4/178)

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on movement-related cortical activity in humans. (5/178)

Multimodal EEG analysis in man suggests impairment-specific changes in movement-related electric brain activity after stroke. (6/178)

Disturbance of semantic processing in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated with scalp ERPs. (7/178)

Novelty-elicited mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia on admission and discharge. (8/178)

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Phil Corlett | Thinklab

The relationship between cognitive performance and electrophysiological indices of performance monitoring | SpringerLink

R: Analysis of Deviance for Generalized Linear Model Fits

Art, Architecture and Engineering Library: Parade; 1985; Japanese [unknown]

Mini mental exam form printable

Uppsatser.se: CONTINGENT CONVERTIBLES

Klinische Ernährungsmedizin | SpringerLink

Publications | Max Planck Institute

Publications | Max Planck Institute