Contingent Negative Variation
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials
Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.
Abnormal cortical processing of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with focal hand dystonia studied by movement-related potentials. (1/178)
In order to clarify the abnormality in cortical motor preparation for voluntary muscle relaxation of the hand in patients with focal hand dystonia, Bereitschaftspotentials (BPs) preceding voluntary muscle contraction and relaxation were recorded in eight patients (three with simple writer's cramp and five with dystonic writer's cramp), and were compared with those from 10 normal subjects. Voluntary muscle relaxation: after keeping the right wrist in an extended position for > 5 s, the subject let the hand drop by voluntarily terminating muscle contraction of the wrist extensor without any associated muscle contraction. Voluntary muscle contraction: the right wrist was flexed by voluntarily contracting the wrist flexor muscle. Scalp EEGs were recorded from 11 electrodes placed over the frontal, central and parietal areas. In the control group, the BP measured at the movement onset was maximal at the left central area (C1), and distributed predominantly over the left hemisphere equally in both the contraction and relaxation tasks. In the focal hand dystonia group, BP was maximal at C1 in the contraction task, whereas, in the relaxation task, it was maximal at the midline central area (Cz) and symmetrically distributed. At the left central area, the BP amplitude in the focal hand dystonia group was diminished significantly in the relaxation task compared with the contraction task (P < 0.05). The present results demonstrate for the first time that the cortical preparatory process for voluntary muscle relaxation, or motor inhibition, is abnormal in focal hand dystonia. (+info)Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation improves frontal cortex function in Parkinson's disease. An electrophysiological study of the contingent negative variation. (2/178)
Parkinson's disease involves impaired activation of frontal cortical areas, including the supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex, resulting from impaired thalamocortical output of the basal ganglia. Electrophysiologically, such impaired cortical activation may be seen as a reduced amplitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV), a slow negative potential shift reflecting cognitive processes associated with the preparation and/or anticipation of a response. Surgical interventions aimed at increasing basal ganglia-thalamic outflow to the cortex, such as electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus with chronically implanted electrodes, have been shown to be effective in improving the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This study examined changes in cortical activity, as reflected in the CNV, associated with bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease. The CNV was recorded from 10 patients with Parkinson's disease when on and off bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation, and was compared with the CNV of 10 healthy control subjects. Without subthalamic nucleus stimulation, Parkinson's disease patients showed reduced CNV amplitudes over the frontal and frontocentral regions compared with control subjects. With bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation, however, CNV amplitudes over the frontal and frontocentral regions were significantly increased. Results therefore suggest that impaired cortical functioning in Parkinson's disease, particularly within the frontal and premotor areas, is improved by subthalamic nucleus stimulation. (+info)Medial frontal cortex in action monitoring. (3/178)
Effective behavior requires continuous action monitoring. Electrophysiological studies in both monkeys and humans have shown activity in the medial frontal cortex that reflects dynamic control and monitoring of behavioral acts. In humans, the centromedial frontal cortex shows an electrical response within 100 msec of an error, the error-related negativity (ERN). The ERN occurs only when subjects are aware of making an error, suggesting that a critical factor may be self-monitoring of the action process. In the present study, we examined late responses in a deadline reaction time task, in which the subject becomes increasingly aware of making an error as the response becomes increasingly late. We found evidence of response conflict before errors defined by late responses but not before errors defined by incorrect responses. The results also show a linear increase in the amplitude of the ERN with increasingly late responses. These data suggest that frontal networks provide dynamic representations that monitor and evaluate the unfolding action plan. (+info)Parallel information processing in motor systems: intracerebral recordings of readiness potential and CNV in human subjects. (4/178)
We performed intracerebral recordings of Readiness Potential (RP) and Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) with simple repetitive distal limb movement in candidates for epilepsy surgery. In 26 patients (in Paris), depth electrodes were located in various cortical structures; in eight patients (in Brno), in the basal ganglia and the cortex. RPs were displayed in the contralateral primary motor cortex, contralateral somato-sensory cortex, and bilaterally in the SMA and the caudal part of the anterior cingulate cortices. CNVs were recorded in the same cortical regions as the RP, as well as in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex, and bilaterally in the premotor fronto-lateral, parietal superior, and middle temporal regions. In the basal ganglia, the RP was recorded in the putamen in six of seven patients, and in the head of the caudate nucleus and the pallidum in the only patient with electrodes in these recording sites. We suggest that our results are consistent with a long-lasting, simultaneous activation of cortical and subcortical structures, before and during self-paced and stimulus-triggered movements. The particular regions that are simultaneously active may be determined by the task context. (+info)Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on movement-related cortical activity in humans. (5/178)
Several lines of evidence suggest that low-rate repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the motor cortex at 1 Hz reduces the excitability of the motor cortex and produces metabolic changes under and at a distance from the stimulated side. Therefore, it has been suggested that rTMS may have beneficial effects on motor performance in patients with movement disorders. However, it is still unknown in what way these effects can be produced. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether rTMS of the motor cortex (15 min at 1 Hz) is able to modify the voluntary movement related cortical activity, as reflected in the Beretischaftspotential (BP), and if these changes are functionally relevant for the final motor performance. The cortical movement-related activity in a typical BP paradigm of five healthy volunteers has been recorded using 61 scalp electrodes, while subjects performed self-paced right thumb oppositions every 8-20 s. After a basal recording, the BP was recorded in three different conditions, counterbalanced across subjects: after rTMS stimulation of the left primary motor area (M1) (15 min, 1 Hz, 10% above motor threshold), after 15 min of sham rTMS stimulation and following 15 min of voluntary movements performed with spatio-temporal characteristics similar to those induced by TMS. The tapping test was used to assess motor performance before and after each condition. Only movement-related trials with similar electromyographic (onset from muscular 'silence') and accelerometric patterns (same initial direction and similar amplitudes) were selected for computing BP waveforms. TMS- evoked and self-paced thumb movements had the same directional accelerometric pattern but different amplitudes. In all subjects, the real rTMS, but neither sham stimulation nor prolonged voluntary movements, produced a significant amplitude decrement of the negative slope of the BP; there was also a shortening of the BP onset time in four subjects. The effect was topographically restricted to cortical areas which were active in the basal condition, irrespective of the basal degree of activation at every single electrode. No changes in the tapping test occurred. These findings suggest that rTMS of the motor cortex at 1 Hz may interfere with the movement related brain activity, probably through influence on cortical inhibitory networks. (+info)Multimodal EEG analysis in man suggests impairment-specific changes in movement-related electric brain activity after stroke. (6/178)
Movement-related slow cortical potentials and event-related desynchronization of alpha (alpha-ERD) and beta (beta-ERD) activity after self-paced voluntary triangular finger movements were studied in 13 ischaemic supratentorial stroke patients and 10 age-matched control subjects during movement preparation and actual performance. The stroke patients suffered from central arm paresis (n = 8), somatosensory deficits (n = 3) or ideomotor apraxia (n = 2). The multimodal EEG analysis suggested impairment-specific changes in the movement-related electrical activity of the brain. The readiness potential of paretic subjects was centred more anteriorly and laterally; during movement, they showed increased beta-ERD at left lateral frontal recording sites. Patients with somatosensory deficits showed reduced alpha-ERD and beta-ERD during both movement preparation and actual performance. Patients with ideomotor apraxia showed more lateralized frontal movement-related slow cortical potentials during both movement preparation and performance, and reduced left parietal beta-ERD during movement preparation. We conclude that (i) disturbed motor efference is associated with an increased need for excitatory drive of pyramidal cells in motor and premotor areas or an attempt to drive movements through projections from these areas to brainstem motor systems during movement preparation; (ii) an undisturbed somatosensory afference might contribute to the release of relevant cortical areas from their 'idling' state when movements are prepared and performed; and (iii) apraxic patients have a relative lack of activity of the mesial frontal motor system and the left parietal cortex, which is believed to be part of a network subserving ideomotor praxis. (+info)Disturbance of semantic processing in temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrated with scalp ERPs. (7/178)
We investigated event-related potentials (N400, LPC and CNV) elicited in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and control subjects from scalp electrodes, using a word-pair category matching paradigm. Each prime consisted of a Japanese noun (constructed from 2-4 characters of the Hiragana) followed by a Chinese character (Kanji) as the target, the latter representing one of five semantic categories. There were two equally probable target conditions: match or mismatch. Each target was preceded by a prime, either belonging to, or not belonging to, the same semantic category. The subjects were required to respond with a specified button press to the given target, according to the condition. We found RTs to be longer under the mismatch condition in both subject groups. The N400 amplitude was reduced in TLE subjects under both conditions, although LPC and CNV amplitudes showed no significant differences. These results suggest that scalp N400 is capable of demonstrating disturbance of semantic processing in TLE non-invasively. (+info)Novelty-elicited mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia on admission and discharge. (8/178)
OBJECTIVE: Given recent reports of differences between mismatch negativity (MMN) elicited by always novel sounds (novelty-elicited MMN) and that elicited by repeated rare deviants (conventional MMN), we investigated novelty-elicited MMN and P3a in patients with schizophrenia before and after a nonstandardized inpatient treatment. DESIGN: Electrophysiological and clinical assessment of patients on admission and discharge from hospital. Assessment of control subjects on 2 sessions. SETTING: Inpatient treatment in a psychiatric university hospital. SUBJECTS: 20 patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex. Selection of patients with first- to third-episode schizophrenia. OUTCOME MEASURES: Early and late component MMN amplitudes and latencies, P3a amplitudes and latencies, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Extrapyramidal Symptom Scale (EPS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and chlorpromazine equivalents. RESULTS: In patients with schizophrenia, novelty-elicited MMN was unimpaired on admission, and there was a statistically significant reduction of the late MMN component with treatment. Improvements in symptom expression were associated with increased latencies of the early MMN component. CONCLUSION: Results indicate differences in information processing between conventional and novelty-elicited MMN. Some components of the novelty-elicited MMN might be more state dependent than those of the conventional MMN. (+info)
Contingent negative variation
... "contingent negative variation" because the variation of the negative wave was contingent on the statistical relationship ... The contingent negative variation (CNV) is a negative slow surface potential, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG), that ... there is a large gradual negative peak which ends sharply with the button press. This is the contingent negative variation. ... Walter, W.G; Cooper, R.; Aldridge, V.J.; McCallum, W.C.; Winter, A.L. (1964). "Contingent Negative Variation: an electric sign ...
Bereitschaftspotential
It is the contingent negative variation (CNV). The CNV also composes two waves; the initial wave (i.e., O wave) and the ... C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Epiphenomenalism Error-related ... Walter, W.G; Cooper, R.; Aldridge, V.J.; McCallum, W.C.; Winter, A.L. (1964). "Contingent Negative Variation: an electric sign ... Ray Cooper: The discovery of the contingent negative variation (CNV), In: Current Contents Life Sciences 21, May 27, 1985, PDF ...
Lüder Deecke
An electrophysiological study of the contingent negative variation. Brain 122: 2365-2373 H. H. Kornhuber, L. Deecke: Wille und ... negative deflection) in the EEG, which they called Bereitschaftspotential The term Bereitschaftspotential (BP) can be found in ...
Event-related potential
p. 6. Walter WG, Cooper R, Aldridge VJ, Mccallum WC, Winter AL (July 1964). "Contingent Negative Variation: An Electric Sign of ... Though some ERP components are referred to with acronyms (e.g., contingent negative variation - CNV, error-related negativity ... Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Erich ... called the contingent negative variation (CNV). Sutton, Braren, and Zubin (1965) made another advancement with the discovery of ...
Biofeedback
Walter (1937, 1953) named the delta waves and theta waves, and the contingent negative variation (CNV), a slow cortical ... These potentials include the contingent negative variation (CNV), readiness potential, movement-related potentials (MRPs), and ... During the performance, biofeedback medical technology, such as the EEG, body temperature variations, heart rate, and galvanic ... believed that he had discovered the physical mechanism for telepathy but was disappointed that the electromagnetic variations ...
Premovement neuronal activity
Two specific membrane potentials, the bereitschaftspotential, or the BP, and contingent negative variation, or the CNV, play a ... and the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV). The difference between these two potentials is that the BP is involved in self- ...
Brain-computer interface
... the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) potential. The experiment described how an expectation state of the brain, manifested ... and especially use of Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) potential as a challenge for BCI control. The 1977 experiment Vidal ... Variations in signal quality over time have been commonly observed with implantable microelectrodes. Optimal material and ... Yuan H, Liu T, Szarkowski R, Rios C, Ashe J, He B (February 2010). "Negative covariation between task-related responses in ...
C1 and P1
Bereitschaftspotential Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error-related ... It can be a negative-going component (when using a mastoid reference point) or a positive going component with its peak ... The C1 has been shown to be negative when items are presented in the top half of the visual field and positive when the visual ... the C1 has a negative polarity if the stimuli is presented in the upper half of the visual field (when using a mastoid ...
Visual N1
Bereitschaftspotential Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity ... Because the N1 is a negative-going component, "larger" amplitudes correspond to being more negative, whereas "smaller" ... Positive stimuli (e.g., smiling faces) and negative stimuli (e.g., sad faces) have been found to elicit a greater N1 than ... The "1" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this ...
N200 (neuroscience)
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The N200 in particular is a negative-going wave that peaks 200-350ms post-stimulus and is found primarily over anterior scalp ... and the researchers found that the peak latency of the N200 occurred earlier when the response was contingent on semantic ...
N400 (neuroscience)
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The N400 itself is not always negative-it is just a more negative-going deflection than that seen to other conditions. Its ... For example, in the sentence A sparrow is a building, the N400 response to building is more negative than the N400 response to ... The N400 is a component of time-locked EEG signals known as event-related potentials (ERP). It is a negative-going deflection ...
N170
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... negative) amplitude for faces when they appeared in a fearful context then when placed in happy or neutral scenes. In fact, ...
Difference due to memory
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Early left anterior negativity Error-related negativity Late ... with subsequently remembered items eliciting a less negative amplitude, as well as the P300 or an LPC, where items that are ... effects for words and common pictures and the lack of Dm effects for abstract figures suggests the Dm effect may be contingent ...
N100
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... Older children start to develop a negative evoked potential at 200 ms that dominates evoked potentials until adolescence; this ... In neuroscience, the N100 or N1 is a large, negative-going evoked potential measured by electroencephalography (its equivalent ...
P3a
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ...
P200
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ...
List of MeSH codes (G11)
... contingent negative variation MeSH G11.561.250.350 - event-related potentials, p300 MeSH G11.561.250.370 - evoked potentials, ...
CNV
Christelijk Nationaal Vakverbond in Dutch Trade Unions Copy number variation in genetics contingent negative variation in ...
P3b
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... In another variation of the dual-task paradigm, subjects are presented with a visual stream of items presented one at a time. ... There are several variations of the dual task paradigm, and they can be used to study cognitive workload (see Kok, 2001). ... Internal manipulations are variations in how much attention subjects are required or allowed to give to the stimulus. P3b ...
William Grey Walter
Walter also went on to discover the contingent negative variation (CNV) effect whereby a negative spike of electrical activity ... 1961 Contingent negative variation: An electrical sign of sensorimotor association and expectancy in the human brain, Nature ( ...
P600 (neuroscience)
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ...
Somatosensory evoked potential
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... As conduction continues up the medial lemniscus to upper midbrain and into the thalamus, a scalp negative peak is detected, the ... SEP components include a series of positive and negative deflections that can be elicited by virtually any sensory stimuli. For ...
Mismatch negativity
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The visual MMN is an occipital negative potential with sources in the primary visual cortex and a typical latency of 150-250 ms ... The auditory MMN is a fronto-central negative potential with sources in the primary and non-primary auditory cortex and a ... auditory cortex to adequately model complex sound patterns with fast temporal variation. According to the results of an ongoing ...
Error-related negativity
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Late ... The ERN is a sharp negative going signal which begins about the same time an incorrect motor response begins, (response locked ... In a study using a variation of the Stroop task, patients with severe traumatic brain injury associated with deficits in error ... Jodo E, Kayama Y (June 1992). "Relation of a negative ERP component to response inhibition in a Go/No-go task". ...
List of MeSH codes (G07)
... contingent negative variation MeSH G07.453.450.350 - event-related potentials, p300 MeSH G07.453.450.370 - evoked potentials, ...
Early left anterior negativity
N400 P600 Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Error-related negativity Late ... It is characterized by a negative-going wave that peaks around 200 milliseconds or less after the onset of a stimulus, and most ...
N2pc
Bereitschaftspotential C1 and P1 Contingent negative variation Difference due to memory Early left anterior negativity Error- ... The "N" denotes a negative polarity; "2" describes its latency in the waveform (i.e., the second negative deflection, typically ... The component belongs to the family of N2 ERP components, a negative deflection in the ERP waveform at a latency of ... Compared to the waveform over cortex ipsilateral to the target, experimenters observed a consistently greater negative ...
Lateralized readiness potential
Later studies on event preparation examining the foreperiod of the contingent negative variation (CNV), which orients the ... This creates a foreperiod when their response or some instructed behavior is contingent on some event they've just been warned ... Part of this preparation includes a slow negative wave bilaterally distributed over pre- and post-central sites, the readiness ... Abdel Rahman, Rasha; van Turennout, Miranda; Levelt, Willem J. M. (2003). "Phonological encoding is not contingent on semantic ...
Convertible bond
Contingent convertibles are a variation of the mandatory convertibles. They are automatically converted into equity if a pre- ... This negative convexity would be compensated by a usually high regular coupon payment. Packaged convertibles or sometimes "bond ... δ S {\displaystyle \delta C<\delta S} , which implies that the variation of C is less than the variation of S, which can be ... Reverse convertibles in that respect could be seen as a variation of a Mandatory bearing a contingent conversion feature based ...
Australia-Asia debating
Another variation is that one of the three speakers in each team speaks an additional time after the Third Negative speaker. ... whereby the top three teams from each university must have at least three female members and one third of the entire contingent ... negative speaker Second affirmative speaker Second negative speaker Third affirmative speaker Third negative speaker Negative ... The speaking order is therefore as follows: first affirmative, first negative, second affirmative, second negative, third ...
Characters of Dragon Age: Origins
Shale is a stone golem who has a negative perception of humans and living beings after a life of servitude to a former master ... Anders uses magic in combat and his specialization is a variation of Spirit Healer; he has the ability to heal wounded allies ... but Loghain responds by ordering his forces to retreat and leaving the entire Ferelden and Grey Warden contingent led by Cailan ... and the nature of the player character's actions will have a positive or negative effect on their companions. This article ...
Outsourcing
When transportation costs remain unchanged, the negative effect may be permanent; jobs in protected sectors may no longer exist ... There are many outsourcing models, with variations by country, year and industry. Another approach is to differentiate between ... in China Call center industry in the Philippines Call center industry in Bangladesh Contract manufacturer Contingent workforce ...
History of scientific method
... difference and concomitant variation which are critical to inductive logic and the scientific method. However, unlike his ... negative, universal, and particular propositions. Aristotle discusses the square of opposition or square of Apuleius in Chapter ... 7 and its appendix Chapter 8. Chapter 9 deals with the problem of future contingents. The Prior Analytics (Greek: Ἀναλυτικὰ ...
Free will
Thomas says the choice is not necessary, but in fact that apparently means it was contingent with regard to God and the law of ... The authors concluded, in their paper, that it is belief in determinism that causes those negative effects. Kathleen Vohs has ... There exist slight variations on the above categorisation. Some claim that theological determinism requires predestination of ... Belief in free will promotes learning from negative emotions. Manuscript in preparation. Bar-Hillel, M. 2007. Randomness is too ...
Role-playing video game
A different variation of the action RPG formula was popularized by Diablo (1996), where the majority of commands-such as moving ... They remain less popular in Japan, where, until recently, Western games in general had a negative reputation. In Japan, where ... However, if winning is contingent upon the survival of a single character, then that character effectively becomes the player's ... Due to the cultural differences between Western and Japanese variations of role-playing games, both have often been compared ...
History of advertising
There is little variation in male undress. In the early 20th century, psychologists Walter D. Scott and John B. Watson ... In the United States, the granting of television and radio licenses by the FCC is contingent upon the station broadcasting a ... The leading black magazines Essence and Jet routinely deplored racism in mainstream media, especially in the negative ...
Gross domestic product
GDP explains some of the cross-national variation in life satisfaction, but more of it is explained by other, social variables ... In particular, it fails to account for: Externalities - Economic growth may entail an increase in negative externalities that ... matters that are the center of conflict of opposing social groups where the effectiveness of an argument is often contingent ... if the growth rate is negative) compared to the previous year. Real GDP growth rate for year n = (Real GDP in year n) − (Real ...
Timeline of United States inventions (1890-1945)
... is an amplifier which uses negative feedback to improve performance and reduce sensitivity to parameter variations due to ... contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an ... 1927 Negative feedback amplifier A negative feedback amplifier, or more commonly simply a feedback amplifier, ... There are many variations, but the classic banana split is made with scoops of vanilla, chocolate and strawberry ice cream ...
History of California
The contingent coming by sea encountered the south flowing California Current and strong head winds, and were still straggling ... The Gold Rush also had negative effects: Native Americans were pushed off of traditional lands and massacred and gold mining ... and Socio-Cultural Variations on the Missions in the Rio de la Plata Region and on the Northern Frontier of New Spain. ...
Falklands War
... commandeered the one remaining RAF Chinook helicopter to frantically ferry another contingent of 2 Para ahead to Fitzroy (a ... since the Vietnam War television pictures of casualties and traumatised soldiers were recognised as having negative propaganda ... " ("We're winning") from the magazine Gente, that would later use variations of it. The Argentine troops on the Falkland ...
Henry VIII
This lack of clarity about Henry's control over events has contributed to the variation in the qualities ascribed to him: ... The visitation focussed almost exclusively on the country's religious houses, with largely negative conclusions. In addition to ... albeit one couched in somewhat contingent terms. It is not clear exactly when Henry changed his mind on the issue as he grew ... was largely negative in Scarisbrick's eyes: to Scarisbrick, the Henrician period was one of upheaval and destruction and those ...
Determinism
More advanced variations on these arguments include quantum contextuality, by Bell, Simon B. Kochen and Ernst Specker, which ... This is referred to as the "problem of future contingents". Often synonymous with logical determinism are the ideas behind ... either positive or negative, accumulates according to an individual's actions throughout their life, and at their death ... There exist slight variations on this categorisation, however. Some claim either that theological determinism requires ...
Missing data
Remark: These tests are necessary for variable-based MAR which is a slight variation of event-based MAR.) When data falls into ... Depending on the analysis method, these data can still induce parameter bias in analyses due to the contingent emptiness of ... such techniques can either help or hurt in terms of reducing the negative inferential effects of missing data, because the kind ...
History of Chrysler
Chrysler LLC unveiled a new company logo, a variation of the previously used Pentastar logo, and launched its new website on ... due to the negative dynamics of the U.S. auto market and Chrysler's legacy labor and health care costs. In 2006, Zetsche had ... 6 billion in further support to Chrysler contingent on the company finalizing an alliance with Fiat before the end of April. ...
Voting methods in deliberative assemblies
Following the call, the clerk then identifies those who voted in the affirmative and those in the negative. The time limit for ... One variation of a voice vote is for the presiding officer to state: "Without objection the amendment [bill, resolution, motion ... and in accordance with the Constitution the election was determined via a contingent election in the House of Representatives, ...
The Book of Healing
He also writes that strong negative emotions can have a negative effect on the vegetative functions of an individual and may ... difference and concomitant variation which are critical to the scientific method. Early Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is ... "cosmological insofar as most of it is taken up with arguing that contingent existents cannot stand alone and must end up in a ... Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The ...
Youth with a Mission
It is uncertain whether he attended the outreach phase of the school, which was contingent upon a second bail variation. Youth ... In 1990, cult "consultant" Rick Ross published an evaluation of Youth with a Mission, that cited both positive and negative ...
List of United States Marine Corps acronyms and expressions
A small contingent of the prior unit will stay with the new unit for a period of time to help acclimate them with the AO. River ... A variation is the single-digit midget, with nine or fewer days remaining. UA - Unauthorized Absence, the naval version of the ... An award given during a positive office hours or Mast is known as a Meritorious Mast, a negative office hours with punishment ... HDR - Humanitarian Daily Ration, a variation of the MRE used to feed a single malnourished person for one day with 2,300 ...
National Front (UK)
There was regional variation in the support that the NF received during the 1970s, reflected both in its vote share and the ... While the party attracts significant numbers of working-class people the role they play in the branch is contingent on their ... the NF's chairman Ian Anderson attempted to escape the negative associations of the name "National Front" by renaming the party ... but with variation among branches. Fielding observed that party activism was generally carried out by upper working- and lower ...
Dam removal
The 710 ft (220 m) Glen Canyon Dam has been proposed for removal because of the negative effects it has on the water quality ... Having variable amounts of water flow through the dam at different seasons mimics natural seasonal variations in water level ... contingent only on approval by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The new plan has been endorsed by the governors of ... Negative effects of dams include environmental degradation, such as reduced primary productivity, loss of biodiversity, and ...
The Horus Heresy
... and a Dark Angels contingent sent back to Caliban, the Dark Angels Legion home world. They get involved in the fight against a ... negative). Review: Sharps 2012 (positive). Short stories: "The Dark King", "The Kaban Project", and "Death of a Silversmith" by ... imprints or editions of individual novels may have alternate subtitles and may also have variations in punctuation or ...
Problem of evil
This "transworld identity" varies in details but not in essence from world to world.: 50-51 This might include variations of a ... but exists as a negative or as a "lack of good". Clement's idea was criticised for its inability to explain suffering in the ... "it is entirely possible that contingent processes can, in fact, lead to determined ends".: 317-318 But in Polkinghorne's ... are all the variations of possible humans, each with their own "human essence" (identity): core properties essential to each ...
Biology and sexual orientation
The authors concluded that "our findings, taken in context with previous work, suggest that genetic variation in each of these ... They also found that "unusually high" proportions of homosexual males and homosexual females were Rh negative in comparison to ... provides evidence that if an adaptively designed avuncular male androphilic phenotype exists and its development is contingent ... There have also been reports of variations in brain structure corresponding to sexual orientation. In 1990, Dick Swaab and ...
Motivation
For example, a person has come to know that if they eat when hungry, it will eliminate that negative feeling of hunger, or if ... An instrumental belief about how to reach a certain goal, on the other hand, provides motivation contingent on the agent ... Mejía-Arauz R, Rogoff B, Dexter A, Najafi B (2007). "Cultural variation in children's social organization". Child Development. ... As opposed to in drive theory, which involves negative reinforcement: a stimulus has been associated with the removal of the ...
Washington Redskins name controversy
The majority of scholars argue that the use of any stereotype, whether positive or negative, is a hindrance to the advancement ... The mayors of Washington asserted that a return to the District of Columbia was contingent upon a name change, a possibility ... Native American writer and attorney Gyasi Ross compares Native American use of variations of the word "redskin" with African- ... Their comparison of NFL teams showed the highest negative trend in brand equity affected the Washington Redskins and the Kansas ...
Plus it
1985) Contingent negative variation in processes of expectancy, motor preparation and time estimation. Biol Psychol 21:293-307. ... In a bisection task, longer prior durations led to a larger amplitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV) and increased ... 1982) An early resolution of contingent negative variation (CNV) in time discrimination. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol ... 2011) Temporal accumulation and decision processes in the duration bisection task revealed by contingent negative variation. ...
Year of Publication: 2009 - University of Twente Student Theses
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
PEPSIC - pepsic.bvsalud.org
情緒的心智腦科技:結合電生理及影像人工智慧與經顱磁刺激探究精神
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Contingent Negative Variation Entry term(s). Contingent Negative Variations Variation, Contingent Negative Variations, ... Contingent Negative Variation - Preferred Concept UI. M0005073. Scope note. A negative shift of the cortical electrical ... Variation contingente négative Entry term(s):. Bereitschaftspotential. Bereitschaftspotentials. Contingent Negative Variations ... A negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials that increases over time. It is associated with an anticipated response ...
Roll | Pre-activation negativity (PrAN): A neural index of predictive strength of phonological cues | Laboratory Phonology
The contingent negative variation (CNV) is sensitive to anticipation of a future stimulus. It is elicited by the anticipatory ... Walter, W. G., Cooper, R., Aldridge, V. J., McCallum, W. C., & Winter, A. L. (1964). Contingent negative variation: An electric ... Gómez, C. M., Marco, J., & Grau, C. (2003). Preparatory visuo-motor cortical network of the contingent negative variation ... Brain activity relating to the contingent negative variation: an fMRI investigation. Neuroimage, 21(4), 1232-1241. DOI: http:// ...
Human Genome Epidemiology Literature Finder|Home|PHGKB
Pedophilia - Assessment, Treatment, Current trends - Emotional Development, Stages Of Guilt, and Child - JRank Articles ...
19 Google Trending Breakout Blog Post Ideas - Updated on 2022-03-05 - THE DAILY BLOG BREAKOUT
OPUS 4 | Search
... über die Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) abgebildet. Aufgrund theoretischer wie empirischer Überlegungen wurde davon ... This hypothesis was investigated by a variation of content processing demands while the pictures were presented. The results of ... This hypothesis was examined with a paradigm that facilitates a systematic variation of eye movements by the visual ... After the real provocation less physiological arousal was reported as well as less negative reactions observed. Almost all ...
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Entwicklung des gesamten Gehirnpotenzials Developper le plein potentiel du cerveau at Total Brain Development
2 Common Resources and Institutional Sustainability | The Drama of the Commons |The National Academies Press
25 The examples they consider have ample variation on the causal and dependent variables, and they use this variation to ... the problems related to contingent and multiple causation will not fade away. The problems of contingent and multiple causation ... Whether the relationship between sustainability and these variables is negative, positive, or curvilinear seems subject to a ... But variations in levels of population and changes in demographic pressures, whether as a result of local changes or through ...
BETWEEN TELEMAR NORTE LESTE S.A. Issuer AND by Telemar Participacoes S... | Law Insider
Currency and monetary variations of the companys debt and cash are excluded from this calculation, as are expenses arising ... c) Debt Servicing will be determined as a module if it is negative, and will not be taken into consideration in the ... with the maturity contingent on the delivery, by the Fiduciary Agent to the Issuer, of notification to this effect, in ... variation of the IGP-M inflation index, or, if this is not available, by the index that comes to replace it; (d) the ...
Sensitivity and Specificity of Suspected Case Definition Used during West Africa Ebola Epidemic - Volume 24, Number 1-January...
Non-case-patients were persons tested for EVD and who had negative results by reverse transcription PCR (17). These data were ... Rapid early detection and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is contingent on accurate case definitions. Using an epidemic ... which each used variations of the suspected case definition (9,11-14). A commonly used suspected case definition used in Guinea ... We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV). We used a χ2 ...
The State of Working America 1998-99 | Economic Policy Institute
The contingent workforce. Nonstandard work: widespread and often substandard. Long-term growth in part-time work. Growth in ... Variations across regions. Trends in the nations 50 states and various regions, in broad terms, mirror those at the national ... Between 1989 and 1995 (the latest year for which data are available), the share of households with zero or negative wealth ( ... One of the prime suspects is the increasingly contingent nature of much of the work available in the 1990s. Almost 30% of ...
When Does Inequality Mean Equity? Horizontal Wage Dispersion and Employee Mobility.<...
Overall, our findings point to the importance of adopting a contingent approach to unmask the employee retention potential of ... We distinguish between two sources of wage dispersion: 1) predicted dispersion, that is, pay variation induced by seniority ... firm size and sources of horizontal wage dispersion-that determine whether such dispersion has a positive or negative effect on ... Overall, our findings point to the importance of adopting a contingent approach to unmask the employee retention potential of ...
Between the Global Commodity Boom and Subnational State Capacities: Payment for Environmental Services to Fight Deforestation...
... appear statistically significant and with a negative sign, meaning that subnational PES have a negative effect on deforestation ... To the best of our knowledge, no other study has a large sample of subnational units with variation in the degree of ... Next, the amount and effectiveness of PES funds are contingent on the funding initially secured by the province and its ability ... In model 1, the natural log of PC is negative and significant, as well as the lagged variables for PM, PC, and total amount of ...
college - Mitchell Research Group
... with males more agreeable of negative stereotype advertising than females, but both genders still generated negative ad-evoked ... The number and type of contingent environmental factors able to influence the performance of established African American firms ... definition of a contingency-view as explaining variations in firm performance from the interaction of the organization and ... In other words, declines and dips in environmental variables like income, GDP, and labor supply will have a greater negative ...
Essential Model Validation for Interest Rate Risk and Asset and Liability Management - Kamakura Corporation
... variation in the volatility formulas by rate level, and allowance of negative interest rates. Even with this level of ... Heath, David, Robert A. Jarrow and Andrew Morton, "Contingent Claims Valuation with a Random Evolution of Interest Rates," The ... The initial level for the 3 month U.S. Treasury yield was 0.01%, which has an impact on the probability of negative rates for a ... The degree to which interest rates can be negative is controlled by a small number of parameters in the model. The second graph ...
Organization Science, INFORMS | IDEAS/RePEc
761-780 One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: How Negative External Evaluations Can Shorten Organizational Time Horizons. by Mark ... 722-738 An Analysis of Organizational Structure in Process Variation. by Dingyu Zhang & Nadia Bhuiyan & Linghua Kong * 739-753 ... 449-470 Dynamic Balancing of Exploration and Exploitation: The Contingent Benefits of Ambidexterity. by Johannes Luger & ... 636-652 Gender and Negative Network Ties: Exploring Difficult Work Relationships Within and Across Gender. by Jennifer Merluzzi ...
Bad Cop and Bad, Bad Cop: Martin O'Neill and Roy Keane Take Over the Republic of Ireland National Team
His arrival at Sunderland was contingent on a face-to-face meeting with then-club chairman Niall Quinn, whom hed disparaged in ... he revisited a variation on this line on occasion, to taunt the opposition with visions of who was about to run rings round ... after nearly half a decade of Trappatoni sending out sides in formations so negative it was clear that he didnt think they ...
Annexe A - New Supply Shared Equity (NSSE) scheme: administrative procedures - gov.scot
4. Negative Pledge 5. Authority to Release Information 6. Consent 7. Variation ... future or contingent obligations owed to Scottish Ministers, whether such obligations exist now or arise in the future) ... 4. Negative Pledge. The Owner shall not grant any further fixed charges over the Property without the written consent of the ... 7. Variation. The Primary Lender Fixed Security and the Postponed Fixed Security are varied to the extent specified in this ...
Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory And Practice Of The Contingent Valuation Method In The Us, Eu , And Developing...
In further people, the Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory and Practice of the Contingent Valuation Method in the US, EU ... Theory and Practice of the Contingent simulation algorithm drug during the organism of negative software: techniques of ... variation of device) must be found into the silencing mTLR2. This is characterized with the Valuing Environmental Preferences: ... 6A and B have a Valuing Environmental Preferences: Theory and Practice of the Contingent Valuation Method in the US, EU for ...
Sex Differences in Homicidal Fantasies among Finnish University Students
Females reacted with negative emotions to their own homicidal fantasies but males lacked emotional response. Results suggest ... contingent on gender. Sixty seven percent (n = 413) of respondents reported that they had experienced generally non-substance ... Fry, D. P. (1998). Anthropological Perspectives on Aggression: Sex Differences and Cultural Variation. Aggressive Behaviour, 24 ... contingent on gender. Sixty seven percent (n = 413) of respondents reported that they had experienced generally non-substance ...
Descriptor1
- Contingent Negative Variation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
Employee3
- In this study, we contend that the effects of LMX differentiation on the employee outcomes of work attitudes, coworker relations, and employee withdrawal behaviors will be contingent upon the level of procedural and distributive justice climate. (cdc.gov)
- While prior work suggests that horizontal wage dispersion induces employee mobility, we explore key contingencies-specifically, firm size and sources of horizontal wage dispersion-that determine whether such dispersion has a positive or negative effect on mobility. (bath.ac.uk)
- Overall, our findings point to the importance of adopting a contingent approach to unmask the employee retention potential of horizontal wage dispersion. (bath.ac.uk)
Estimation2
- Contingent negative variation and its relation to time estimation: A theoretical evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
- We assess severity (i.e., the weekly death incidence of COVID-19) through the estimation of a generalized linear mixed model, employing a negative binomial link function. (nature.com)
Influence2
- Influence of MTHFR genotype on contingent negative variation and MRI abnormalities in migraine. (cdc.gov)
- The discussion will also include questions about the influence of bilingualism on developing pragmatic abilities, negative transfer in the domain of pragmatics and its dependence on cross-linguistic morpho-syntactic variation among translational equivalents. (ung.si)
Potential2
- Especially he pointed out to Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) potential as a challenge for BCI control. (iiab.me)
- CNV analysis (contingent negative variation analysis): A well-known method of indexing gradual potential changes in the human brain, mental processes, and arousal levels. (edeniste.com)
Approach1
- Monetary Realism has become much more than my work at this point and I think some of the contributions are incredibly unique and important (specifically the ideas of quantity value, acceptance value, S=I+(S-I), the MR Law, the Contingent Institutional Approach, etc). (pragcap.com)
Content1
- Given its nature, demonstrating a speaker's sensitivity to MP is contingent on knowledge about presuppositional content within a relevant set of alternatives. (ung.si)
Quality1
- Yet little is known about the effects of LMX differentiation (within-group variation in LMX quality). (cdc.gov)
Control1
- Rapid early detection and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is contingent on accurate case definitions. (cdc.gov)
Results1
- Likewise, a case definition with a high type 2 error rate (false-negative results) can result in further exposures and infections (e.g., an infected but undetected patient in a community). (cdc.gov)
Levels1
- Data from 276 employees work ing in 25 stores of a retail chain in Turkey supported our hypotheses such that LMX differentiation was related to more negative work attitudes and coworker relations, and higher levels of withdrawal behaviors only when justice climate was low. (cdc.gov)