Contact Tracing
Smallpox
Male Urogenital Diseases
Disease Outbreaks
Gonorrhea
Female Urogenital Diseases
Disease Transmission, Infectious
Air Travel
Tuberculosis
Cuba
An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies, south of Florida. With the adjacent islands it forms the Republic of Cuba. Its capital is Havana. It was discovered by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492 and conquered by Spain in 1511. It has a varied history under Spain, Great Britain, and the United States but has been independent since 1902. The name Cuba is said to be an Indian name of unknown origin but the language that gave the name is extinct, so the etymology is a conjecture. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p302 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p132)
Tuberculin Test
Aircraft
Communicable Disease Control
Mass Screening
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Disease Notification
Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The United States system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the Quarantine Act of 1878, which authorized the US Public Health Service to collect morbidity data on cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever; each state in the US has its own list of notifiable diseases and depends largely on reporting by the individual health care provider. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Infection Control
Models, Theoretical
Cluster Analysis
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
Molecular Epidemiology
Computer Simulation
Influenza, Human
Population Surveillance
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Stochastic Processes
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Antitubercular Agents
Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
Incidence
Models, Statistical
Dermatitis, Contact
Models, Biological
Risk Factors
Prevalence
Referral and Consultation
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic
Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Working Group. (1/718)
BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the glycopeptide vancomycin has been the only uniformly effective treatment for staphylococcal infections. In 1997, two infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin were identified in the United States. METHODS: We investigated the two patients with infections due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides, as defined by a minimal inhibitory concentration of vancomycin of 8 to 16 microg per milliliter. To assess the carriage and transmission of these strains of S. aureus, we cultured samples from the patients and their contacts and evaluated the isolates. RESULTS: The first patient was a 59-year-old man in Michigan with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Peritonitis due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus peritonitis associated with dialysis. The removal of the peritoneal catheter plus treatment with rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eradicated the infection. The second patient was a 66-year-old man with diabetes in New Jersey. A bloodstream infection due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia. This infection was eradicated with vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin. Both patients died. The glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus isolates differed by two bands on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. On electron microscopy, the isolates from the infected patients had thicker extracellular matrixes than control methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. No carriage was documented among 177 contacts of the two patients. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides emphasizes the importance of the prudent use of antibiotics, the laboratory capacity to identify resistant strains, and the use of infection-control precautions to prevent transmission. (+info)Tuberculosis outbreaks in prison housing units for HIV-infected inmates--California, 1995-1996. (2/718)
During 1995-1996, staff from the California departments of corrections and health services and local health departments investigated two outbreaks of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB). The outbreaks occurred in two state correctional institutions with dedicated HIV housing units. In each outbreak, all cases were linked by IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. This report describes the investigations of both outbreaks; the findings indicated that M. tuberculosis can spread rapidly among HIV-infected inmates and be transmitted to their visitors and prison employees, with secondary spread to the community. (+info)Nosocomial group A streptococcal infections associated with asymptomatic health-care workers--Maryland and California, 1997. (3/718)
Group A Streptococcus (GAS), a common cause of pharyngitis and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections, can cause serious invasive infections (including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome [STSS]) and death. Since 1965, at least 15 postoperative or postpartum GAS outbreaks attributed to asymptomatic carriage in health-care workers (HCWs) have been reported. This report describes two nosocomial outbreaks of GAS infection in Maryland and California during 1996-1997; the findings suggest that early infection-control measures that include active surveillance may interrupt transmission and prevent morbidity and mortality. (+info)Confidentiality and HIV status in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: implications, resistances and challenges. (4/718)
This article provides a contextualized comparison and analysis of the former Kwazulu and the new Kwazulu-Natal policy documents on HIV confidentiality, the differing practices within the region, and their implications for support and gender. It is based on interviews with key players in the regional NACOSA (National AIDS Convention of South Africa), and participation in meetings between August and November 1995. The main division is between those influenced by other rural African models, especially the Zambian concept of "shared confidentiality' as a way of ensuring support, and who have gone on to develop more community-based practices to destigmatize the disease, in contrast with the stronger emphasis in the new document on individual rights, assuming a more urban constituency, and where "shared confidentiality' is much more circumscribed. One of the difficulties of the new policy in which "confidentiality' is interpreted as "secrecy', is that it would seem to foreclose and neutralize lay and community support, as distinct from the earlier and unacknowledged policy of former Kwazulu. It also seeks to provide an enhanced role for professional counsellors. This psychologizing of the infection and the distancing from "community', and from women's groups, is surprising in a country in whose townships "community' remains a powerful motivating symbol, and where NGOs and peer groups have been identified everywhere as central to effective HIV/AIDS related prevention, care and support for behavior change. (+info)Patient referral outcome in gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections. (5/718)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcome of patient referral at the STD clinic of the University Hospital Rotterdam. To study characteristics of heterosexual index patients and partnerships related to referral outcome. METHODS: In 1994, patients with gonorrhoea and chlamydia were referred to public health nurses for interview and patient referral. Referral outcome was classified as "verified" if partners attended the STD clinic and as "believed" if partners were said to have attended elsewhere. RESULTS: Of 454 patients, 250 (55%) participated in the study. The outcome of patient referral for the 502 eligible partners was 103 (20.5%) verified referrals, 102 (20%) believed referrals, and 297 (59%) with unknown follow up. Of the 103 partners examined, 43 had an STD of which 63% reported no symptoms. The contact finding ratio was higher for chlamydia patients and heterosexual men. Also, referral was more effective for index patients with recent sexual contact, with follow up visits to the public health nurse, for men who were not commercial sex worker (CSW) clients, and, to a lesser degree, for Dutch patients and patients who sometimes used condoms. For steady partners, referral was improved if the last sexual contact was more recent. Casual partners visited the clinic more often if sexual contact occurred more than once, if the last contact was more recent, if they were older, and if they were Dutch. CONCLUSIONS: Patient referral was more effective for certain groups, such as chlamydia patients and steady partners, but was inadequate for others, including CSW and their clients, other "one night stands", young partners, and ethnic minorities. (+info)Partner notification for gonorrhoea: a comparative study with a provincial and a metropolitan UK clinic. (6/718)
OBJECTIVE: To compare partner notification practice and outcomes at a provincial and a metropolitan clinic. DESIGN: Prospective study, following standardisation of partner notification policy. SETTINGS: Sheffield Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital and Jefferiss Wing Centre for Sexual Health, St Mary's Hospital, London. SUBJECTS: Consecutive patients with culture positive gonorrhoea between October 1994 and March 1996 who were interviewed by a health adviser. RESULTS: In Sheffield, 235 cases reported 659 outstanding contacts, of whom 129 (20%) were subsequently screened, and 65 (50%) had gonorrhoea. At St Mary's 510 cases reported 2176 outstanding contacts, of whom 98 (5%) were known to have been screened, and 53 (54%) had gonorrhoea. Patient or provider referral agreements appeared more productive in Sheffield, where 60% resulted in contact attendance, compared with 13% at St Mary's. Provider referral was used more frequently in Sheffield, for 44% of referrals, compared with 1% at St Mary's. Multivariate analysis showed that partner notification was less effective for casual and short term (< 7 days) partnerships in both centres, and for homosexual men at St Mary's. CONCLUSION: Partner notification outcomes were better in the provincial setting where contact attendance could be recorded more reliably and provider referral was used more extensively. The high proportion of contacts who remained untraced in both settings indicates the need for complementary screening and prevention initiatives. (+info)Group A Streptococcus carriage among close contacts of patients with invasive infections. (7/718)
During the past few years, the incidence of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection has been increasing. However, there are presently no clear recommendations regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for close contacts of index patients. The aims of this study were 1) to determine the prevalence of carriage of the same GAS strain as the patient's among contacts of patients with invasive infections and 2) to assess the importance of exposure duration. From March 1995 to March 1996, the authors prospectively included in the study all patients with invasive GAS infection, as defined by the Working Group on Severe Streptococcal Infections, who came to Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. An epidemiologic investigation was systematically carried out for each index case. Contacts were divided into two groups: those who had spent 24 hours or more with the index patient during the week preceding the beginning of his or her illness and those who had spent 12-24 hours with the index patient during that week. Strains of GAS were examined by serotyping (proteins M and T and the presence or absence of the serum opacity factor) and by characterization of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (exotoxins A, B, and C). One hundred and two contacts of 17 index cases with invasive GAS infection were systematically screened. Contacts were considered positive if they carried the same strain of the bacterium and the same streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin as the index case. Among the contacts who had spent at least 24 hours per week with their respective index cases, 13 out of 48 (27%) were found to be harboring the same serotype of GAS as the index patient (95% confidence interval 14.5-39.5). By comparison, only one of the 54 contacts in the 12- to 24-hour group (1.8%) was found to be carrying the same strain of the bacterium (95% confidence interval 0-5.3). This difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). The median age of the positive carriers (10 years) was significantly lower than the median age of the noncarriers (39 years) (p< or =0.0005). This study showed that close contacts who had spent 12-24 hours with the index patient were rarely colonized with GAS. If antibiotic prophylaxis against GAS is recommended, it should probably target contacts who spent at least 24 hours with an infected patient during the week preceding illness onset. (+info)Interpreting the decline in tuberculosis: the role of secular trends in effective contact. (8/718)
BACKGROUND: The dramatic decline in tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries during the past century has been attributed to many factors, including improvements in living and social conditions and, more recently, effective treatment. Each of these changes should have reduced the average number of individuals 'effectively contacted' (i.e. sufficiently to transmit infection) by each infectious TB case. METHOD: Estimates of the average number of individuals effectively contacted by each infectious TB case, for each year since 1900 in England and Wales, are derived as the ratio between published estimates of the annual risk of infection and estimates of the prevalence of infectious cases, as derived using a published model of the epidemiology of TB. RESULTS: The results suggest that each infectious case contacted, on average, about 22 individuals in 1900 sufficiently to transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and that this number declined to about 10 by 1950 and to approximately one by 1990. CONCLUSIONS: Although several factors contributed to the decline in TB in developed countries during this century, a major contributor has been the decline in the number of effective contacts by each case over time. Similar declines have doubtless occurred over the past century for many infections in developed countries. (+info) Smallpox is a contagious disease caused by the variola virus, which was eradicated in 1980 through a global vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization (WHO). The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects and surfaces.
Smallpox symptoms include fever, headache, and fatigue, followed by a characteristic rash that spreads from the face to other parts of the body. The disease is highly infectious and can be fatal, especially among young children and immunocompromised individuals. There is no specific treatment for smallpox, and vaccination is the most effective method of prevention.
The last naturally occurring case of smallpox was reported in 1977, and since then, there have been only a few laboratory-confirmed cases, all related to research on the virus. The WHO declared that smallpox had been eradicated in 1980, making it the first and only human disease to be completely eliminated from the planet.
While the risk of smallpox is currently low, there is concern that the virus could be used as a bioterrorism agent, and efforts are being made to maintain surveillance and preparedness for any potential outbreaks.
Male urogenital diseases refer to any conditions or disorders that affect the male reproductive system, including the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and urethra. These diseases can cause a range of symptoms, such as pain, difficulty urinating, abnormal semen production, and infertility. Some common examples of male urogenital diseases include:
1. Erectile dysfunction (ED): The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.
2. Premature ejaculation (PE): Ejaculation that occurs within one minute of vaginal penetration, with minimal sexual stimulation and before the person wishes it.
3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that can cause urinary frequency, hesitancy, and retention.
4. Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland, which can cause painful urination, pelvic pain, and fever.
5. Testicular torsion: A condition in which the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood flow to the testicle.
6. Varicocele: A swelling of the veins in the scrotum that can affect fertility.
7. Hypogonadism: A condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone, leading to symptoms such as low libido, erectile dysfunction, and osteoporosis.
8. Peyronie's disease: A condition that causes scar tissue to form inside the penis, leading to curvature and pain during erection.
9. Priapism: A persistent and painful erection that can cause damage to the penis if left untreated.
These diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, such as age, genetics, infection, injury, and lifestyle choices. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as ultrasound or biopsy. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disease and can include medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
It's important to note that many of these conditions can be prevented or treated with timely medical care. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms or discomfort in your testicles or penis. Early detection and treatment can help to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and prevent long-term complications.
Gonorrhea (often abbreviated as "the clap") is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can affect both men and women, and can cause serious complications if left untreated.
Symptoms of gonorrhea in men include:
* A burning sensation when urinating
* Discharge from the penis
* Painful or swollen testicles
* Painful urination
Symptoms of gonorrhea in women include:
* Increased vaginal discharge
* Painful urination
* Painful intercourse
* Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Gonorrhea can be diagnosed through a physical exam and laboratory tests, such as a urine test or a swab of the affected area. It is typically treated with antibiotics.
If left untreated, gonorrhea can cause serious complications, including:
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women
* Epididymitis (inflammation of the tube that carries sperm) in men
* Infertility
* Chronic pain
* Increased risk of HIV transmission
Gonorrhea is a reportable disease, meaning that healthcare providers are required by law to report cases to public health authorities. This helps to track and prevent the spread of the infection.
Prevention methods for gonorrhea include:
* Safe sex practices, such as using condoms or dental dams
* Avoiding sexual contact with someone who has gonorrhea
* Getting regularly tested for STIs
* Using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention
It is important to note that gonorrhea can be asymptomatic, meaning that individuals may not experience any symptoms even if they have the infection. Therefore, regular testing is important for early detection and treatment.
Female urogenital diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the urinary tract and reproductive organs in women. These diseases can cause symptoms such as pain, discomfort, and changes in urination patterns, and can impact a woman's quality of life and fertility. Some common female urogenital diseases include:
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): These are infections that occur in the bladder, kidneys, or urethra, and can cause symptoms such as burning during urination, frequent urination, and abdominal pain.
2. Overactive Bladder (OAB): This condition is characterized by sudden, intense urges to urinate, often with urgency and frequency.
3. Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS): This chronic condition causes pain and discomfort in the bladder and pelvic area, and can lead to increased urination and frequency.
4. Vaginal Infections: These are infections that occur in the vagina and can cause symptoms such as itching, burning, and abnormal discharge.
5. Vulvodynia: This chronic condition is characterized by pain and discomfort in the vulva, and can be caused by a range of factors including infection, inflammation, or nerve damage.
6. Endometriosis: This is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing symptoms such as pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and infertility.
7. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This is a hormonal disorder that can cause symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, cysts on the ovaries, and excess hair growth.
8. Vaginal Prolapse: This occurs when the muscles and tissues in the vagina weaken, causing the vagina to protrude into the vulva or rectum.
9. Menorrhagia: This is a condition characterized by heavy, prolonged menstrual periods that can cause anemia and other complications.
10. Dyspareunia: This is pain during sexual activity, which can be caused by a range of factors including vaginal dryness, cervical narrowing, or nerve damage.
These are just a few examples of the many conditions that can affect the vulva and vagina. It's important to note that many of these conditions can have similar symptoms, so it's important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Chlamydia infections are a type of bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the genitals, eyes, and respiratory tract. Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide and can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe.
The symptoms of chlamydia infections can vary depending on the location of the infection. In genital infections, symptoms may include:
* Discharge from the penis or vagina
* Painful urination
* Abnormal bleeding or spotting
* Painful sex
* Testicular pain in men
* Pelvic pain in women
In eye infections, symptoms can include:
* Redness and swelling of the eye
* Discharge from the eye
* Pain or sensitivity to light
In respiratory infections, symptoms may include:
* Cough
* Fever
* Shortness of breath or wheezing
If left untreated, chlamydia infections can lead to serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men. Chlamydia infections can also increase the risk of infertility and other long-term health problems.
Chlamydia infections are typically diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or a culture test. Treatment for chlamydia infections typically involves antibiotics, which can effectively cure the infection. It is important to note that sexual partners of someone with a chlamydia infection should also be tested and treated, as they may also have the infection.
Prevention methods for chlamydia infections include safe sex practices such as using condoms and dental dams, as well as regular screening and testing for the infection. It is important to note that chlamydia infections can be asymptomatic, so regular testing is crucial for early detection and treatment.
In conclusion, chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection that can cause serious complications if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing long-term health problems and the spread of the infection. Safe sex practices and regular screening are also important for preventing chlamydia infections.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body such as the brain, kidneys, and spine. The bacteria are usually spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and can also be transmitted through contact with an infected person's respiratory secretions.
There are two main forms of TB:
1. Active TB: This is the form of the disease where the bacteria are actively growing and causing symptoms such as coughing, fever, chest pain, and fatigue. Active TB can be contagious and can spread to others if not treated properly.
2. Latent TB: This is the form of the disease where the bacteria are present in the body but are not actively growing or causing symptoms. People with latent TB do not feel sick and are not contagious, but they can still become sick with active TB if their immune system is weakened.
TB is a major public health concern, especially in developing countries where access to healthcare may be limited. The disease is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical imaging, and laboratory tests such as skin tests or blood tests. Treatment for TB typically involves a course of antibiotics, which can be effective in curing the disease if taken properly. However, drug-resistant forms of TB have emerged in some parts of the world, making treatment more challenging.
Preventive measures against TB include:
1. Vaccination with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, which can provide some protection against severe forms of the disease but not against latent TB.
2. Avoiding close contact with people who have active TB, especially if they are coughing or sneezing.
3. Practicing good hygiene, such as covering one's mouth when coughing or sneezing and regularly washing hands.
4. Getting regular screenings for TB if you are in a high-risk group, such as healthcare workers or people with weakened immune systems.
5. Avoiding sharing personal items such as towels, utensils, or drinking glasses with people who have active TB.
Overall, while TB is a serious disease that can be challenging to treat and prevent, with the right measures in place, it is possible to reduce its impact on public health and improve outcomes for those affected by the disease.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that affects the lungs and is caused by Mycobacterium TB. It is a significant global health problem and the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2019, there were an estimated 10 million new cases of pulmonary TB and 1.5 million deaths from this disease.
Pulmonary tuberculosis typically affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the brain, kidneys, or spine. The symptoms of pulmonary TB include coughing for more than three weeks, chest pain, fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is diagnosed by a combination of physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests, and radiologic imaging, such as chest X-rays or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment for pulmonary TB usually involves a combination of antibiotics and medications to manage symptoms.
Preventive measures for pulmonary tuberculosis include screening for latent TB infection in high-risk populations, such as healthcare workers and individuals with HIV/AIDS, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in countries where it is available.
Overall, pulmonary tuberculosis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications and death.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread through sexual contact with an infected person. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites and can affect both men and women. Some common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HIV/AIDS.
STDs can cause a range of symptoms, including genital itching, burning during urination, unusual discharge, and painful sex. Some STDs can also lead to long-term health problems, such as infertility, chronic pain, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer.
STDs are usually diagnosed through a physical exam, blood tests, or other diagnostic tests. Treatment for STDs varies depending on the specific infection and can include antibiotics, antiviral medication, or other therapies. It's important to practice safe sex, such as using condoms, to reduce the risk of getting an STD.
Some of the most common STDs include:
* Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that can cause genital itching, burning during urination, and unusual discharge.
* Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that can cause similar symptoms to chlamydia.
* Syphilis: A bacterial infection that can cause a painless sore on the genitals, followed by a rash and other symptoms.
* Herpes: A viral infection that can cause genital itching, burning during urination, and painful sex.
* HPV: A viral infection that can cause genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
* HIV/AIDS: A viral infection that can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and weight loss, and can lead to AIDS if left untreated.
It's important to note that some STDs can be spread through non-sexual contact, such as sharing needles or mother-to-child transmission during childbirth. It's also important to know that many STDs can be asymptomatic, meaning you may not have any symptoms even if you are infected.
If you think you may have been exposed to an STD, it's important to get tested as soon as possible. Many STDs can be easily treated with antibiotics or other medications, but if left untreated, they can lead to serious complications and long-term health problems.
It's also important to practice safe sex to reduce the risk of getting an STD. This includes using condoms, as well as getting vaccinated against HPV and Hepatitis B, which are both common causes of STDs.
In addition to getting tested and practicing safe sex, it's important to be aware of your sexual health and the risks associated with sex. This includes being aware of any symptoms you may experience, as well as being aware of your partner's sexual history and any STDs they may have. By being informed and proactive about your sexual health, you can help reduce the risk of getting an STD and maintain good sexual health.
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that can be spread from one person to another through direct contact or through the air. These diseases are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites.
Examples of communicable diseases include:
1. Influenza (the flu)
2. Measles
3. Tuberculosis (TB)
4. HIV/AIDS
5. Malaria
6. Hepatitis B and C
7. Chickenpox
8. Whooping cough (pertussis)
9. Meningitis
10. Pneumonia
Communicable diseases can be spread through various means, including:
1. Direct contact with an infected person: This includes touching, hugging, shaking hands, or sharing food and drinks with someone who is infected.
2. Indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or objects: Pathogens can survive on surfaces for a period of time and can be transmitted to people who come into contact with those surfaces.
3. Airborne transmission: Some diseases, such as the flu and TB, can be spread through the air when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes.
4. Infected insect or animal bites: Diseases such as malaria and Lyme disease can be spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks.
Prevention and control of communicable diseases are essential to protect public health. This includes:
1. Vaccination: Vaccines can prevent many communicable diseases, such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and influenza.
2. Personal hygiene: Frequent handwashing, covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick can help prevent the spread of diseases.
3. Improved sanitation and clean water: Proper disposal of human waste and adequate water treatment can reduce the risk of disease transmission.
4. Screening and testing: Identifying and isolating infected individuals can help prevent the spread of disease.
5. Antibiotics and antiviral medications: These drugs can treat and prevent some communicable diseases, such as bacterial infections and viral infections like HIV.
6. Public education: Educating the public about the risks and prevention of communicable diseases can help reduce the spread of disease.
7. Contact tracing: Identifying and monitoring individuals who have been in close contact with someone who has a communicable disease can help prevent further transmission.
8. Quarantine and isolation: Quarantine and isolation measures can be used to control outbreaks by separating infected individuals from those who are not infected.
9. Improved healthcare infrastructure: Adequate healthcare facilities, such as hospitals and clinics, can help diagnose and treat communicable diseases early on, reducing the risk of transmission.
10. International collaboration: Collaboration between countries and global organizations is crucial for preventing and controlling the spread of communicable diseases that are a threat to public health worldwide, such as pandemic flu and SARS.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is typically spread through sexual contact with someone who has the infection, and it can also be spread from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth.
There are three stages of syphilis:
1. Primary stage: A small, painless sore or ulcer (called a chancre) appears at the site of infection, usually on the genitals, rectum, or mouth. This sore heals on its own within 2-6 weeks, but the infection remains in the body.
2. Secondary stage: A rash and other symptoms can appear weeks to months after the primary stage. The rash can be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
3. Latent stage: After the secondary stage, the infection can enter a latent (hidden) phase, during which there are no visible symptoms but the infection remains in the body. If left untreated, syphilis can progress to the tertiary stage, which can cause serious complications such as damage to the heart, brain, and other organs.
Syphilis is diagnosed through a physical examination, blood tests, and/or a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and early treatment can cure the infection and prevent long-term complications.
Prevention measures include safe sex practices such as using condoms and dental dams, avoiding sexual contact with someone who has syphilis, and getting regularly tested for STIs. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of syphilis are present, as early treatment can prevent long-term complications.
Influenza, or the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It spreads from person to person through the air and can cause mild to severe illness. The virus is most commonly found in the winter months and affects people of all ages.
Symptoms of influenza include:
* Fever (usually high)
* Cough
* Sore throat
* Runny or stuffy nose
* Headache
* Muscle or body aches
* Fatigue (tiredness)
* Diarrhea and nausea (more common in children than adults)
Influenza can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus and ear infections. These complications are more likely to occur in people who have a weakened immune system, such as the elderly, young children, and people with certain chronic health conditions (like heart disease, diabetes, and lung disease).
Influenza is diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also use a rapid influenza test (RIT) or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for influenza typically involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to relieve fever and body aches. Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza), may also be prescribed to help shorten the duration and severity of the illness. However, these medications are most effective when started within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.
Prevention is key in avoiding influenza. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza, as well as practicing good hygiene such as washing your hands frequently, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, and staying home when you are sick.
Dermatitis, contact refers to a type of skin inflammation that occurs as a result of exposure to an allergen or irritant. It is characterized by redness, itching, and swelling of the affected area. The condition can be caused by a variety of substances, including soaps, detergents, metals, and plants.
Dermatitis, contact can be acute or chronic, depending on the severity and duration of the exposure. In acute cases, the symptoms may resolve within a few days after removing the offending substance. Chronic dermatitis, on the other hand, can persist for weeks or even months, and may require ongoing treatment to manage the symptoms.
The symptoms of contact dermatitis can vary depending on the individual and the severity of the exposure. Common symptoms include:
* Redness and inflammation of the skin
* Itching and burning sensations
* Swelling and blistering
* Cracks or fissures in the skin
* Difficulty healing or recurring infections
In severe cases, contact dermatitis can lead to complications such as:
* Infection with bacteria or fungi
* Scarring and disfigurement
* Emotional distress and anxiety
Diagnosis of contact dermatitis is typically made based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. Allergic patch testing may also be performed to identify specific allergens that are causing the condition.
Treatment for contact dermatitis usually involves avoiding the offending substance and using topical or oral medications to manage symptoms. In severe cases, systemic corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be prescribed. Phototherapy and alternative therapies such as herbal remedies or acupuncture may also be considered.
Prevention of contact dermatitis involves identifying and avoiding substances that cause an allergic reaction or skin irritation. Individuals with a history of contact dermatitis should take precautions when handling new substances, and should be aware of the potential for cross-reactivity between different allergens.
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact is a type of skin reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with an allergen, causing inflammation and irritation. It is also known as allergic contact dermatitis.
The symptoms of dermatitis, allergic contact can vary depending on the severity of the reaction, but may include:
* Redness and swelling of the affected area
* Itching, burning, or stinging sensations
* Small blisters or hives
* Thickening or scaling of the skin
* Crusting or oozing of fluid
Dermatitis, allergic contact can be caused by a variety of substances, including:
* Metals, such as nickel, chrome, and mercury
* Plastics, such as latex and polyethylene
* Certain chemicals, such as perfumes, dyes, and preservatives
* Plant extracts, such as poison ivy or poison oak
* Insect bites or stings
The diagnosis of dermatitis, allergic contact is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and patch testing. Patch testing involves applying small amounts of potential allergens to the skin and observing for any signs of an allergic reaction over a period of time.
Treatment for dermatitis, allergic contact typically focuses on removing the allergen from the affected area and providing relief from symptoms. This may include:
* Avoiding exposure to the allergen
* Applying topical creams or ointments to reduce inflammation and itching
* Taking oral medications, such as antihistamines or corticosteroids, to reduce symptoms
* In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage the reaction.
Preventative measures for dermatitis, allergic contact include:
* Avoiding exposure to potential allergens
* Wearing protective clothing or gloves when handling suspected allergens
* Using hypoallergenic products and avoiding fragrances and dyes
* Performing patch testing before introducing new substances into the environment.
It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as dermatitis, allergic contact can lead to complications such as infection or scarring. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and improve outcomes for patients with this condition.
Contact tracing
... adopting a hybrid strategy of forward contact tracing combined with contact tracing backwards is often used. Backward contact ... Contact tracing can help identify the etiology of a disease outbreak. In 1984, contact tracing provided the first direct ... "Greater Manchester plans case management for contact tracing". ukauthority.com. Retrieved 2020-07-14. "Contact Tracing Platform ... Contact tracing". www.who.int. Retrieved 2022-11-03. Brandt AM (August 2022). "The History of Contact Tracing and the Future of ...
Digital contact tracing
... is a method of contact tracing relying on tracking systems, most often based on mobile devices, to ... "NOVID Sub-meter Contact Tracing Accuracy". novid. "Is Apple and Google's Covid-19 Contact Tracing a Privacy Risk?". Wired. ISSN ... Currently, NOVID, which is the only digital contact tracing app with sub-meter contact tracing accuracy, primarily uses ... and Contact Tracing in the COVID-19 Era". Data. 5 (4): 87. doi:10.3390/data5040087. "COVID-19 contact tracing apps are coming ...
COVID-19 contact tracing in Taiwan
... and further contact tracing of close contacts. 7. Schools, Businesses, and Public Transportation: Are required to place QR code ... "Easy to Use: Covid-19 SMS Contact Tracing in Taiwan". TechTaiwan. 王, 子瑄. "還敢掃實聯制嗎？「民調」結果出乎意料 網4字轟爆政府". 中時新聞網. 謝, 承恩; 楊, 雅棠; 邱, ... thereby allowing for broader coverage of contact tracing, whilst maintaining efficacy of the policy. Contact information ... In addition, contact tracing data is also purposely decentralized, deleted after 28 days and
Freehold Township, New Jersey
Contact Tracing. Accessed August 13, 2021. Freehold Township: Resolution of the Township of Freehold Monmouth County, New ... The township's health department has implemented an intricate contact tracing system for Freehold Township residents. On May 26 ... with 19 other family members coming into contact with the virus. As of March 1, 2021, the township had reported 2,793 positive ...
Western African Ebola virus epidemic
... of registered contacts associated with known cases of Ebola virus disease were being traced, although contact tracing was still ... Contact tracing is an essential method of preventing the spread of the disease, this requires effective community surveillance ... Contact tracing (Report). WHO. Retrieved 27 January 2019. "The reason Ebola isn't being stopped". CNN. Retrieved 16 September ... The study concluded that the epidemic would not be as difficult to control as feared, if rapid, vigorous contact tracing and ...
2021 in Sri Lanka
"Four MPs test positive for COVID-19; Contact Tracing Underway". Sri Lanka News - Newsfirst. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey
"Collecting data for the purpose of contact tracing". Government of Jersey. Retrieved 22 October 2020. "ersey contact tracing ... The government introduced a contact tracing strategy, intended to identify people who have been in recent contact with someone ... restaurants and bars are required to collect contact information from customers in order to enable contact tracing if a ... At a press conference on 30 November, the Chief Minister announced that the contact tracing team was being expanded from 55 ...
COVID-19 pandemic
Contact tracing attempts to identify recent contacts of newly infected individuals, and to screen them for infection; the ... traditional approach is to request a list of contacts from infectees, and then telephone or visit the contacts. Contact tracing ... the Government of India introduced a contact tracking app called Arogya Setu to help authorities manage contact tracing. Later ... "Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing". Apple. 10 April 2020. "Palantir provides COVID-19 tracking software to CDC and NHS, ...
Public Health England
PHE carried out contact tracing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, but this ceased on 12 March 2020 in view of the ... Fetzer, Thiemo; Graeber, Thomas (24 November 2020). "Does Contact Tracing Work? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from an Excel Error ... including contact tracing Contagious disease surveillance and control Major incident response Health improvement: Alcohol, ... economists at the University of Warwick estimated that the delayed contact tracing led to more than 125,000 additional ...
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malta
1 imported case, 2 linked to the Paceville cluster and the rest are being contacted by the contact tracing team. Malta has 415 ... 1 is linked to a previously known case at work and the rest are being contacted by the contact tracing team. Malta has 440 ... 3 cases from the Balzan Football Club and the rest are being contacted by the contact tracing team. Malta has 486 active cases ... Contact tracing is now being carried out. Malta remains at 5 active cases. 834 swab tests were carried out, a total of 113237 ...
Corona-Warn-App
... is the official and open-source COVID-19 contact tracing app used for digital contact tracing in Germany made ... "Corona Contact Tracing Germany , F-Droid - Free and Open Source Android App Repository". "German Corona tracing app available ... Experts believe that time saved by using the app can be critical for improving the effectiveness contact tracing efforts. Some ... The open source app, which costs €20 million to develop is intended to supplement human contact tracing efforts, which Germany ...
Ebola
Contact tracing is considered important to contain an outbreak. It involves finding everyone who had close contact with ... Then the process is repeated, tracing the contacts' contacts. While there is no approved[by whom?] treatment for Ebola as of ... "What is Contact Tracing?" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 ... Larson K (15 July 2019). "Congo tracing contacts of first Ebola case in eastern city". AP News. Retrieved 17 July 2019. Cheng M ...
Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing BlueTrace Google / Apple contact tracing project TCN Protocol "DATENSCHUTZ ... Retrieved 2020-04-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) "Europe's PEPP-PT COVID-19 contacts tracing standard push could ... Retrieved 2020-06-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) sebastian.kloeckner (2020-04-20). "Contact Tracing App for the ... editor, Alex Hern Technology (2020-04-20). "Digital contact tracing will fail unless privacy is respected, experts warn". The ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
"ersey contact tracing app launched". ITV News. 14 October 2020. "From 35 to 61 cases in Kosovo with COVID-19, 26 more ... "Turkey has been contact tracing for a century. That offers lessons and perils". National Geographic. 15 October 2020. Retrieved ... The UK government implemented preventive measures to curb the spread of infections which included contact tracing, isolation ... long legacy of contact tracing, high number of intensive care units, universal health care, and a lockdown regime that led to a ...
2021 Swiss referendums
... allows for federal contact tracing; allows the federal government to promote and cover the costs of Covid testing; and provides ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana
Nurses began contact tracing procedures. Under the protocol, close contacts are expected to quarantine for 14 days before they ... "Health officials have systems in place to contact all individuals who test positive for COVID-19 and complete contact tracing ...
Partner notification
It is a kind of contact tracing and is considered a partner service. In the UK, partner notification has not played a ... "Contact Tracing Guidelines for the Sexually Transmissible Diseases and Blood Borne Viruses" (PDF). 27 Jan 2005. pp. 5-6. ... Adler, Michael W; Anne M Johnson (May 21, 1988). "Contact tracing for HIV infection". British Medical Journal. 296 (6634): 1420 ... In Michigan and Indiana, individuals who test positive for HIV are legally obligated to notify past sexual contacts. In Texas ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut
Although Connecticut had met its contact tracing goals and had not seen an increase in cases, the move was done in coordination ... state hits contact tracing mark". Hartford Courant. Retrieved July 28, 2020. Brindley, Emily (July 7, 2020). "With ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat
Contact tracing is under way. On 7 August, the last two cases recovered, and the island once again has no more active cases. ...
History of syphilis
Contact tracing was also introduced. By 1956, congenital syphilis had been almost eliminated, and female cases of acquired ... Between 1945 and 1955 penicillin was used to treat over two million Americans for syphilis, and contact tracing was introduced ... often being spread by foreign sailors and soldiers during their frequent sexual contact with local prostitutes.[failed ... The Dominican Republic at the Time of Columbian Contact". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 31 (4): 936-41. doi:10.1086/318158. ...
2022 monkeypox outbreak
Extensive contact tracing of people who had been in contact with the index case both on the international flight from Nigeria ... The ECDC rated likelihood of transmission due to close contact, including sexual contact, as "high", but, without close contact ... Contact tracing was extended to Scotland on 14 May according to Public Health Scotland. A "small number" of people in Scotland ... "Monkeypox contact tracing extended to Scotland". BBC News. 14 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 ...
Kronos Incorporated
Golden, Ryan (2020-04-30). "Kronos unveils contact tracing to track COVID-19 spread at work". HR Dive. Retrieved 2020-06-17. " ... Sarkar, Brinda (2020-04-29). "Kronos introduces employee contact-tracing capability". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2020-06-17 ... Kronos introduced an automated report-generating tool to aid contact tracing. The tool analyzes work and attendance records of ...
Boston University
A contact tracing team is part of the process to contain infections on campus. BU also started a new website "Back2BU" to ... "COVID-19 Screening, Testing & Contact Tracing , Back To BU". www.bu.edu. Retrieved November 30, 2020. Barlow, Rich (August 12, ...
2022 monkeypox outbreak in the United Kingdom
"Monkeypox contact tracing extended to Scotland". BBC News. 14 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 ... It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on ... The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) advised people who have had close contact with a person infected with monkeypox to self- ... A study in 1988 found that the smallpox vaccine was around 85% protective in preventing infection in close contacts and in ...
Librarian
"Contact Tracing and Libraries - MBLC Blog". mblc.state.ma.us. Retrieved 2020-10-29. "As States Seek COVID Detectives, ... Salomon, Joshua A.; Reingold, Arthur L. (11 May 2020). "Federal Funding For State And Local Contact Tracing Efforts Is An ... and the CDC had earlier named librarians as key public health staff to support COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing ... so many librarians and library staff volunteered to help with contact tracing. Librarians also supported their community in ...
Ebola virus disease in Mali
Mali contact traced over 100 people who had contact with the child; tracing was completed in mid-November with no further cases ... and 40 volunteers were trained to help with the contact tracing. By 29 October it was thought she had contact with 141 people, ... Contact tracing has been hampered because the imam died two weeks prior to his diagnosis; he was not suspected of having Ebola ... "There is no more contact-tracing ... and there is no suspected case of Ebola," a spokesperson for WHO indicated. In October, ...
Public health mitigation of COVID-19
"Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing". Apple. 2020-04-10. "Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology". 2020 ... Moreover, contact-tracing apps may be designed criteria (. 15 minutes contact) insufficient for controlling danger. Several ... Contact tracing is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further ... An unincentivized and always entirely voluntary use of such digital contact tracing apps by the public was found to be low even ...
Timeline of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak
"Monkeypox contact tracing extended to Scotland". BBC News. 14 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 ... On the same date, Norwegian authorities initiated contact tracing after a person who had visited Norway earlier in the month ... "Leitar etter nærkontaktar til apekopp-smitta som var i Oslo" [Looking for close contact to the monkey cup infection that was in ... The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) advised people who have had close contact with a person infected with monkeypox to self- ...
COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island
The state releases a contact tracing app called "Crush COVID RI", in which users can keep track of 20 days worth of their ... Towne, Shaun (19 May 2020). "26 new deaths marks largest one-day total; RI unveils new contact-tracing app". WPRI.com. ... Entertainment, recreational and "close-contact" businesses (such as barber shops) are also ordered closed through April 13. As ... coming into close contact with someone diagnosed with COVID-19, or travelling to Rhode Island for a non-work purpose with ...
TousAntiCovid
... relying on a centralised contact tracing system (known as ROBERT) instead of the contact tracing system created by Google and ... "France rebrands contact-tracing app in an effort to boost downloads". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 13 February ... On 8 April 2020, the French government announced that it was working on a contact-tracing app, in co-operation with Inria. The ... "France releases contact-tracing app StopCovid". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 27 August ...
Stabbing of Mayu Tomita
Furthermore, they claimed that Iwazaki had tried to contact the police after the attack. Tomita's mother testified on February ... the emergency dispatcher had sent the police to her home instead of tracing the location of her cell phone. Tomita was in ...
Houdini (software)
The notable works in which Houdini was used include the 1997 Contact movie and more recent 2016 Zootopia. Autodesk Maya Blender ... Mantra can perform extremely fast volume rendering, and also physically based path-tracing - a technique which attempts to more ...
Digital self-determination
Parvaiz, Athar (2020-05-20). "Kashmir internet blackouts hinder health services, contact tracing". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-05- ...
First War of Scottish Independence
From there, he marched through Moray, before his progress continued to Badenoch, before re-tracing his path back south to ... attacked the prince's army at Lochmaben in early September and maintained contact with his army as it captured Robert the ...
Pauline Cafferkey
Contact tracing was carried out on the other passengers who traveled on the flight from London to Glasgow with her. Medical ... The Ebola virus can only be transmitted by direct contact with the blood or bodily fluids of an infected person while they are ... Personnel in Scotland monitored those whom she had come into contact with, since the virus can be spread through exposure to ...
Blueprint
The tracing paper drawing is placed on top of the sensitized paper, and both are clamped under glass, in a daylight exposure ... This process has several features: the image is stable as it is a contact process, no large-field optical system is required ... Engineers and architects drew their designs on cartridge paper; these were then traced on to tracing paper using India ink for ... A blueprint is a reproduction of a technical drawing or engineering drawing using a contact print process on light-sensitive ...
Anomali
"Fake contact-tracing apps delivering banking trojans". ComputerWeekly.com. Retrieved 2022-09-08. "Hackers use fake contact ... "Hackers use fake contact tracing apps in attempt to install banking malware on Android phones". CyberScoop. 2020-06-10. ... "Fake contact-tracing apps delivering banking trojans". ComputerWeekly.com. Retrieved 2022-09-15. "Iranian Hackers Utilize ... In June 2020, the company identified twelve apps posing as coronavirus contact tracing apps that were designed to steal ...
Shamanic music
Mihály Hoppál, Tracing Shamanism in Tuva: A History of Studies, in Mongush Kenin Lopsan Shamanic Songs and Myths of Tuva, Istor ... Fourth, any theatrical elements that are added to impress an audience are of a type to make the contact with the spirits seem ... This is because a ritual involving contact with the spirits is always potentially dangerous, and one of the dangers is that of ... In oral cultures in which survival involves close contact with nature, sound often connects inner feelings to features of the ...
E-government
Increased electronic contact and data exchange between government and its citizens goes both ways. Once e-government ... and Covid-19 tracing. Sri Lanka have taken some initiative actions to provide the benefits of e-government to the citizens. To ... Chat rooms can place citizens in real-time contact with elected officials or their office staff or provide them with the means ... The gateway allows users to efficiently use the existing government information systems and safe contact between them, issuing ...
Children of the Vault
This makes her an extraordinary tracker, capable not only of tracing a target's path but also identifying any person or object ... Before dying, however, Synch manages to make a telepathic contact with Professor Xavier and ensure everything he's learned ...
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July-December 2021)
The UK government suggests the NHS contact tracing app will need to change after 19 July amid concerns over people deleting it ... but only six of those willing to do the same for someone required to self-isolate because of an alert from the contact-tracing ... exempting fully vaccinated NHS staff in England from having to self-isolate if they are contacted by contact tracing. Ahead of ... Instead they are advised to take a PCR test, wear a face covering indoors, and limit their contact with anyone classed as ...
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)
Still 13 out 159 passengers of the said flight are yet to respond to the said contact tracing in response to the first reported ... DOH is still investigating the case since the patient has no reported contact to any positive carrier. With this, 22 out of 25 ... Consequently, DOH and Quezon City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit (CESU) immediately conducted contract tracing over the ... that they may face future sanctions based on the Republic Act 11332 of 2019 if they failed to response to contract tracing ...
Expressionist dance
It was often associated with floor contact, "weight" of dance movements, and experiments with music. Body and physicality were ... ISBN 978-1-136-44920-8. Savrami, Katia (2019). Tracing the Landscape of Dance in Greece. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge ...
2020 NFL season
Tennessee closed its practice facility through October 3 as the team continued testing and contact tracing. Tennessee's most ... This position oversees the day-to-day operations of the officiating department and is the primary contact for coaches' and ... banned all contact sports in response to a local rise of COVID-19 cases. The NFL initially mandated the use of artificial crowd ... and Blake Bortles were ruled ineligible to play for Denver's Week 12 game against New Orleans after coming into close contact ...
Garre
The Garre are of Somali origin being descendants of Samaale tracing their lineage to Garedheere, sons of Samaale. Garre is ... between the Webi Gestro and the Webi Mana in contact and to some extent intermixed with the Arussi Galla, and to the south-west ...
Temple Mount
Frederick S. Colby (6 August 2008). Narrating Muhammad's Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension ... One who is ritually impure through direct or in-direct contact of the dead cannot walk in the higher sanctified areas. For ... Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension Discourse. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7914-7788-5. Archived from the ...
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
A contact might be composed of a copper strip with a surface coating. A loudspeaker is composed of a permanent magnet, copper ... either by tracing the origins of the recycled plastics to establish the BFR concentrations, or by measuring the BFR ... Contact with solder paste no longer represents the same health hazard as it used to. Contrary to the predictions of widespread ... These thin strands of tin can grow and make contact with an adjacent trace, developing a short circuit. Lead in the solder ...
Wellbody Alliance
... conducting house-to-house contact tracing and surveillance and, staying rooted in their community-based approach, advocating ... These efforts include supporting four treatment facilities in rural Kono, house-to-house contract tracing and surveillance, the ...
COVID-19
Infectivity can begin four to five days before the onset of symptoms, although contact tracing typically begins only two to ... Evidence indicates that contact with infected surfaces is not the main driver of COVID‑19, leading to recommendations for ... Individuals may apply social distancing methods by staying at home, limiting travel, avoiding crowded areas, using no-contact ... includes infection control actions intended to slow the spread of the disease by minimising close contact between individuals. ...
Passover
Ex 12 is thus one of the few reliable guides for tracing the synergism among ritual, text, and kerygma before the Council of ... which have never come into contact with chametz, for use only during Passover. Under certain circumstances, some chametz ...
Sacha Houlié
... contact-tracing app project, arguing it could amount to "undemocratic state surveillance." Also in 2020, he went against his ... Mathieu Rosemain (17 April 2020), French friction over government's COVID-tracing app project Reuters. Analyse du scrutin n° ...
Francis Schaeffer
Escape from Reason: How the rejection of the biblical God causes man to lose contact with reality and reason. He Is There and ... Sara Diamond and Frederick Clarkson have written articles tracing the activism of numerous key figures in the Christian Right ... The reason for this point of contact, he argued, is that nonbelievers cannot bring themselves to be completely consistent with ... are right to assert that between Christian and anti-Christian systems of thought there is always a point of contact in the ...
Wolf children
"Red Cross Children tracing service. Retrieved on May, 24 2012". Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 15 May ... The German Red Cross helps to identify and locate family members who lost contact with one another, such as the Wolf children, ...
Police of The Wire
Prez was the son-in-law of deputy commissioner Stan Valchek who had a knack for tracing phone patterns and money accounts but ... Cheryl jealously insists on accompanying Kima when she goes to interview a contact in a strip club. Cheryl finds the assignment ... bodies to a specific plastic surgery clinic by identifying a breast implant type that several of the women shared and tracing ...
Genealogy
Members can upload their family trees and contact other family historians to fill in gaps in their research. In addition to the ... Grenham, John (2006). Tracing Your Irish Ancestors (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Herber, Mark D. (2004). ... Kennedy, Patricia; Roy, Janine (1984). Tracing Your Ancestors in Canada (8th, rev. ed.). Ottawa: Public Archives Canada. ISBN 0 ... tracing one's genealogy was seen as an attempt by the American colonists to secure a measure of social standing, an aim that ...
Roger Wicker
Lyons, Kim (May 1, 2020). "Senators' plan for reining in contact tracing apps doesn't make a lot of sense". The Verge. Archived ... of Senate Republicans planned to introduce a privacy bill that would regulate the data collected by coronavirus contact tracing ...
Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts
Officials said they had based the decision on concerns about case trends, issues with testing and contact tracing, and the ... In order to reduce contact between drivers and customers, the MBTA began rear-door boarding on above-ground stops for buses, ...
Bergen County, New Jersey
At the time of first European contact, Bergen County was inhabited by Native American people, particularly the Lenape Nation, ... tracing their Lenape ancestry to speakers of the Munsee language, one of three major dialects of their language. Over the years ...
Contact Tracing | AEGIS Security & Investigations
... contact tracing, intelligence analysis, & follow up quickly & efficiently. ... Contact Tracing Illustration. Quickly Deployable , Easily Scalable. Education , Support , Screening , Tracing , Intelligence , ... The immediate major benefit of quickly implementing contact tracing efforts minimizes contact with potentially infected ... Contact Tracing Services + Technology Support. Funneling through the inbound pipeline of health checks, inbound calls for ...
Smittestopp − A Case Study on Digital Contact Tracing | SpringerLink
Open access Springer Briefs on digital contact tracing, Covid-19, public health, pandemic, BLE, GPS, data flow, data processing ... This open access book describes Smittestopp, the first Norwegian system for digital contact tracing of Covid-19 infections, ... Chapter 6 Digital tracing, validation, and reporting *Ahmed Elmokashfi, Simon Funke, Timo Klock, Miroslav Kuchta, Valeriya ...
More than 300,000 users have downloaded Northern Ireland's contact-tracing app | ZDNET
Northern Ireland is the first and only region in the UK to have launched a full-scale contact-tracing app. Scotland is working ... SEE: Contact tracing: Englands new NHS Test and Trace app finally sees the light of day ... More than 300,000 users have downloaded Northern Irelands contact-tracing app The user base is likely to keep growing as ... The UK region launched the StopCovid NI contact-tracing app at the end of July, tapping Bluetooth signals to anonymously alert ...
Curbing Coronavirus With a Contact-Tracing App? It's Not So Simple. - WSJ
Contact-tracing apps aim to help health authorities trace paths of infection, and in many cases, to notify users that theyve ... Contact-tracing apps aim to help health authorities trace paths of infection, and in many cases, to notify users that theyve ... working on apps to help us keep track of who we came in contact with and where weve been to aid in Covid-19 contact-tracing ... Curbing Coronavirus With a Contact-Tracing App? Its Not So Simple.. .css-jiugt2-Dek-Dek{margin:0px;color:var(--secondary-text- ...
ImageSoft, Inc. Unveils OnBase Patient and Contact Tracing Software To Aid In Coronavirus Fight
... has unveiled its OnBase Patient and Contact Tracing Software, which... ... Unveils OnBase Patient and Contact Tracing Software To Aid In Coronavirus Fight Cloud-based app, co-developed with public ... Upon launching, OCDPH immediately began surveying new patients, tracing contacts and high-risk populations, and building an ... has unveiled its OnBase Patient and Contact Tracing Software, which will aid in the ongoing battle against the spread of COVID- ...
How to make COVID-19 contact tracing work
... contact tracers will be fully equipped to support exposed individuals to successfully quarantine and protect communities across ... Solange Madriz, who began contact tracing in San Francisco in March, notes: "Health coaching skills, as well as rapport ... Contact: Im not sure. What do you mean by quarantine?. Contact tracer: Ideally, it means staying home, having meals delivered ... We must arm contact tracers with tools to empower contacts to change their behavior for two weeks. Health coaching, which has ...
Coronavirus: Security flaws found in NHS contact-tracing app - BBC News
Wide-ranging security flaws have been flagged in the Covid-19 contact-tracing app being piloted in the Isle of Wight. ... But the big difference is that a decentralised solution wouldnt have a central server with the recent face-to-face contacts of ... In addition, they suggest the NHS considers shifting from its current centralised model - where contact-matching happens on a ... being notified if a contact tested positive for Covid-19 and/or generate spoof transmissions to create logs of bogus contact ...
UK comms experts continue to question contact-tracing app | Computer Weekly
Academics and comms industry experts challenge UK government scientists on their defence of NHS contact-tracing app, in ... Contact-tracing app hits teething troubles as ... - ComputerWeekly.com * Covid-19 contact-tracing apps: the key data ... - ... Read more about contact tracing. *UK scientific experts address doubts on UK contact-tracing apps effectiveness, particular ... The UK government may have earned some plaudits for attempting to use a mobile contact-tracing app to aid the fight against ...
Covid-19: Contact Tracing, Data Privacy and Public Trust
Contact tracing has been touted as a potential game-changer, with several countries around the world releasing apps that alert ... A global view of contact tracing apps (their development, positives and negatives) - Underlying privacy concerns when utilizing ... data Join data protection experts from Privitar and DLA Piper as they give an overview of the worlds contact tracing landscape ...
Tracing drops to average of 4.5 contacts per case - The Hindu
... has decided to step up testing and contact tracing ... Tracing drops to average of 4.5 contacts per case A worried ... Currently, civic officials are tracing an average of 4.5 contacts for every positive case reported in the city. Admitting that ... A worried Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) has decided to step up testing and contact tracing. ... has decided to step up testing and contact tracing March 13, 2021 12:55 am , Updated 08:32 am IST - Bengaluru ...
New Pandemic Twist: Have Newly-Infected Do Their Own Contact Tracing : Shots - Health News : NPR
Some have asked people who test positive to do their own contact tracing. ... The coronavirus is spreading so fast that cases are outpacing the contact-tracing capacities of some local health departments. ... New Pandemic Twist: Have Newly-Infected Do Their Own Contact Tracing : Shots - Health News The coronavirus is spreading so fast ... Contact tracing is more than just alerting people to a potential exposure, so they can quarantine. Part of the process is to do ...
Fact check: Bill Gates did not help craft HR 6666 contact tracing bill
COVID-19 contact tracing team led by 3 UNLV grads | Las Vegas Review-Journal
3.4 million state grant to expand its contact tracing program, a partnership with the Southern Nevada Health District. ... "We believe contact tracing is a key public health tool to end the COVID-19 pandemic and the assistance of UNLVs students has ... Participating in the contact tracing team is firsthand applied experience, De Leon said, adding that its hard work and is ... "Contact tracing is the bread of butter of epidemiology and biostatistics," Barber told the Review-Journal. "Its linking cases ...
Lack of COVID-19 contact-tracing apps shows limits of Apple's power - Comments
Months after Apple and Google implemented a cross-platform tool for COVID-19 contact tracing, most states still dont offer ... to develop a contact-tracing tool that would, very smartly, alert users if theyd come in contact with infected individuals - ... COVID-19 contact tracing faces challenges. First there were the misguided fears about what exactly had been developed by the ... Lack of COVID-19 contact-tracing apps shows limits of Apples power. By Luke Dormehl • 12:00 pm, October 23, 2020. ...
Linn County Public Health ends COVID-19 contact tracing efforts | The Gazette
... the Linn County Public Health department will no longer conduct COVID-19 contact tracing efforts for county residents. The ... "Contact tracing is really meant to prevent further spread of disease in a specific region," Bradley told The Gazette. "Whether ... The department also is taking its cue from the Iowa Department of Public Health, which had ended its routine contact tracing ... Linn County Public Health, among other county public health departments in Iowa, has been conducting contact tracing since the ...
Switzerland is the first to use Apple-Google coronavirus contact tracing technology
Tools like the Apple-Google API that can be used in tracing apps are definitely needed to increase the scale of contact tracing ... Apple-Google coronavirus contact tracing app concept for iPhone Image source: Apple and Google. ... The first coronavirus contact tracing app based on the Apple-Google COVID-19 spread API launched in Switzerland to some ... The Swiss coronavirus contact-tracing app will initially be available to members of the Swiss army, hospital workers, and civil ...
Reopening International Borders with Smart Contact Tracing - BasisTech
How contact tracing is helping fight COVID-19
... "contact tracing" has been used a lot. But its nothing new. In fact, contact tracing has been around for decades. ... "And the contact tracers job is to call those contacts." She said making those phone calls came as a surprise most times to the ... You may have heard of contact tracing in recent months. Intermountain Healthcare highlights how it is helping fight COVID-19. ... Todd Vento, and infectious disease epidemiologist with Intermountain Healthcare said contact tracing is a function of the ...
Apple, Google In Conflict With States Over Contact-Tracing Tech | WVXU
VERN DOSCH: I mean, we want to know if, all of a sudden, contact tracing identifies that weve had a lot of positives at a ... BOND: So Dosch was excited to hear that tech giants Apple and Google are working on a new contact tracing system. A note - ... She says contact tracing has always fundamentally been about human interaction, where public health workers are asking people ... Public health agencies hope the information on phones can help with contact tracing. But how much information should we share? ...
IDOH eliminates contact tracing, quarantine guidance for schools | news - Indiana Public Media
IDOH eliminates contact tracing, quarantine guidance for schools. By Lauren Chapman. Posted February 17, 2022. ... Want to contact your legislators about an issue that matters to you? Find out how to contact your senators and member of ... The recommendations IDOH issued Wednesday make several significant changes: no more contact tracing, case reporting or ... Contact Lauren at lch[email protected] or follow her on Twitter at @laurenechapman_. ...
News : Limerick Covid Contact Tracing Unit to Close as Case Numbers Rise
The closure of the contact tracing unit comes against a backdrop of a warning from HSE chief clinical officer Dr Colm Henry ... News : Limerick Covid Contact Tracing Unit to Close as Case Numbers Rise. ... Staff employed as contact tracers are due to be transferred to work in a passport call centre operated by the Department of ... ContactCenterWorld.com 1999 - Present: The Global Association for Contact Center and Customer Engagement Best Practices. ...
Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox (monkeypox): interim guidance, 22 December 2022
Webinar December 9, 2020 - Building the Bridge: Community Trust and Contact Tracing during COVID-19
Contact tracing has been used for decades by state and local health departments to slow or stop the spread of infectious ... The success of contact tracing hinges on a communitys level of participation. Communicating clearly and responsively with the ... Building the Bridge: Community Trust and Contact Tracing during COVID-19. *Promising Practices in Health Equity: Obesity- ... Building the Bridge: Community Trust and Contact Tracing during COVID-19. ...
CIC Launches Contact Tracing Tool - Columbia International College
CIC Launches Contact Tracing Tool. By Harvey JiangSeptember 9, 2021No Comments ... Contact Tracing Reports will be accessed by Security Management, only in the event of a positive case of COVID-19. ... At this moment, we will only be using the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Check-In feature ... Identify close contacts; rather than locking down the entire school, we may be able to isolate smaller groups who may have been ...
IATA - Request form for Passenger Contact Tracing | PAGNet
Law.com: Where Will The Needle Land? COVID-19 Contact Tracing v. Protecting Personal Privacy
But such innovative contact tracing methods raise a host of privacy concerns, forcing a reckoning with how we balance privacy ... "As states roll back stay-at-home orders, contact tracing has quickly emerged as an essential tool to manage the spread of the ... Law.com: Where Will The Needle Land? COVID-19 Contact Tracing v. Protecting Personal Privacy. 6월 1, 2020 ... Pink and counsel John Dermody co-authored this bylined article discussing privacy concerns surrounding COVID-19 contact tracing ...
British Library EThOS: Stochastic epidemic models for emerging diseases incorporating household structure and contact tracing
... with isolation of traced contacts of a diagnosed individual, (iii) a local tracing and contact tracing model for a disease ... Stochastic epidemic models for emerging diseases incorporating household structure and contact tracing ... be they housemates or named contacts. These models are: (i) a local tracing model for a disease spreading amongst a community ... a contact tracing model for a disease spreading amongst a homogeneously-mixing population, ...
Coronavirus: why testing and contact tracing isn't a simple solution
In the UK there are plans to recruit and train 18,000 tracing staff to reintroduce contact tracing. The government aims to ... Many countries are also using or planning to introduce contact tracing apps that track your location or identify contacts using ... Coronavirus: why testing and contact tracing isnt a simple solution by Jimmy Whitworth May 4, 2020. May 4, 2020. ... Testing and tracing soon becomes an unmanageable strategy and a lockdown to reduce physical contact then becomes a more ...
CoronavirusTracersCOVID-19 Contact TracingAppsCenters for Diseas2020InvestigationQuarantineEngaging COVID-19AsymptomaticInfectionSkipEffortsEbolaPositivesInvestigatorsCasePandemicGovernmentsHealthcareIsolateTimelyBordersEpidemiologySpreadPotentiallyDiseaseInitiallyDecadesMethodsPatientProcessNewsPatientsCloseHealth departmentsToolTracerOutbreakPeopleCasesIdentifyBluetoothEpidemicParticipationUsersContractDeploymentPositiveProgramPersonStudentsFightCommunityCapacityData privacyEffectiveSupport
Coronavirus12
- Curbing Coronavirus With a Contact-Tracing App? (wsj.com)
- Contact tracers are key to our return to daily life because they call individuals exposed to coronavirus to keep them from mingling with unexposed individuals. (kevinmd.com)
- Telecoms will play a key role in controlling the coronavirus through contact-tracing apps that can mitigate its spread, but only if population masses actually use the apps - and that's not guaranteed. (computerweekly.com)
- The coronavirus is spreading so fast that cases are outpacing the contact-tracing capacities of some local health departments. (npr.org)
- Faced with mounting case loads, those departments are asking people who test positive for the novel coronavirus to do their own contact tracing. (npr.org)
- Beck teaches at the University of Michigan, where she also runs the campus program for tracing coronavirus exposures among students. (npr.org)
- But the coronavirus contact-tracing debacle shows that vertical integration doesn't work in every scenario. (cultofmac.com)
- The first coronavirus contact tracing app based on the Apple-Google COVID-19 spread API launched in Switzerland to some categories of users. (bgr.com)
- Apple and Google inked a historic partnership a few weeks ago, to develop a common standard for apps that can allow governments to conduct sophisticated contact tracing campaigns that could help them contain the novel coronavirus outbreak. (bgr.com)
- The Swiss coronavirus contact-tracing app will initially be available to members of the Swiss army, hospital workers, and civil servants. (bgr.com)
- As states roll back stay-at-home orders, contact tracing has quickly emerged as an essential tool to manage the spread of the coronavirus and allow the country to return to work safely," Pink and Dermody wrote. (omm.com)
- Patient and close contacts were tested for MERS-coronavirus (CoV) by real time-polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
Tracers20
- We can leverage deployed technological solutions including on-site automated temperature screening tools, monitored access control systems, health screening questionnaires, inbound support and education, and rapid deployment of contact tracers if a positive event is triggered. (aegis.com)
- 2. What difficulties do you think contact tracers might have when attempting to contact people after a disease diagnosis? (cdc.gov)
- 2. If contact tracers miss one close contact , what are possible consequences? (cdc.gov)
- 3. What skills do you think contact tracers need most? (cdc.gov)
- For the last three weeks, I have helped design and implement elements of the training of California's new "army" of contact tracers. (kevinmd.com)
- California Governor Gavin Newsom has set a goal of training 10,000 contact tracers statewide to minimize viral spread as California reopens, but the number of tracers is not the only issue. (kevinmd.com)
- We must arm contact tracers with tools to empower contacts to change their behavior for two weeks. (kevinmd.com)
- Solange Madriz, who began contact tracing in San Francisco in March, notes: "Health coaching skills, as well as rapport building, are important for contact tracers because we are reaching out to people to share bad news in an already stressful context. (kevinmd.com)
- With evidence-based health coaching skills in their toolbox, contact tracers will be fully equipped to support exposed individuals to successfully quarantine and protect communities across the country. (kevinmd.com)
- Contact tracers, she was told, were simply too overwhelmed to do it. (npr.org)
- The contact tracers of Washtenaw County in Michigan have been deluged with work. (npr.org)
- Until mid-October, a county team of 15 contact tracers was managing to keep up with the workload. (npr.org)
- The county's contact tracers are then responsible for calling infected people's close contacts and telling those people they need to quarantine. (npr.org)
- Each person who tests positive typically has several contacts, so as the number of positive cases builds, the number of calls that tracers have to make swells too. (npr.org)
- When you're trying to contain an infectious disease, she says, running out of contact tracers is "not a situation that you want to be in. (npr.org)
- Linn County Public Health had spent about $158,963 to hire 40 contact tracers through Dec. 23. (thegazette.com)
- Tools like the Apple-Google API that can be used in tracing apps are definitely needed to increase the scale of contact tracing well beyond what human tracers would be able to achieve. (bgr.com)
- Along with informing people of potential exposure, contact tracers provide important information about symptoms and how to quarantine. (fox13now.com)
- But experts say it's just not clear yet whether any of these apps will actually be useful to contact tracers or create more work with little reward. (wvxu.org)
- Staff employed as contact tracers are due to be transferred to work in a passport call centre operated by the Department of Foreign Affairs at its Limerick offices in Henry Street. (contactcenterworld.com)
COVID-19 Contact Tracing8
- Public health authorities, developers and tech companies are working on apps to help us keep track of who we came in contact with and where we've been to aid in Covid-19 contact-tracing efforts. (wsj.com)
- Wide-ranging security flaws have been flagged in the Covid-19 contact-tracing app being piloted in the Isle of Wight. (bbc.com)
- Karen Gutierrez, left, trains fellow UNLV student Leanne Villanueva on the school's COVID-19 contact tracing program Thursday, Oct. 15, 2020. (reviewjournal.com)
- Apple and Google moved fast to develop a COVID-19 contact-tracing solution that was both smart and privacy conscious. (cultofmac.com)
- Even with those worries mostly allayed, however, things haven't been smooth sailing for Apple and Google's COVID-19 contact-tracing solution. (cultofmac.com)
- CEDAR RAPIDS - Linn County Public Health has ended its COVID-19 contact tracing efforts. (thegazette.com)
- O'Melveny special counsel Scott Pink and counsel John Dermody co-authored this bylined article discussing privacy concerns surrounding COVID-19 contact tracing, which appeared in both Law.com and Law Journal Newsletters . (omm.com)
- Chapter 6 advocates for a public policy discussion regarding the role of COVID-19 contact-tracing app in society. (cdc.gov)
Apps14
- While some governments and private technology companies have aided contract tracing services by utilizing smart phone apps to automatically determine whether someone has been in contact with an infected person, in the United States, use of such apps or technology will almost assuredly be opt in. (aegis.com)
- Contact-tracing apps aim to help health authorities trace paths of infection, and in many cases, to notify users that they've been near a person infected by Covid-19. (wsj.com)
- Contact tracing has been touted as a potential game-changer, with several countries around the world releasing apps that alert those who have come into close proximity with someone who has tested positive for Covid-19. (brighttalk.com)
- This in-depth interview will focus on: - The important role of data in the fight against Covid-19 - A global view of contact tracing apps (their development, positives and negatives) - Underlying privacy concerns when utilizing healthcare data Join data protection experts from Privitar and DLA Piper as they give an overview of the world's contact tracing landscape and discuss the role of privacy in the fightback against Covid-19. (brighttalk.com)
- Is it smart to blame Apple for the lack of success of contact-tracing apps? (cultofmac.com)
- The developers believe that reliance on this standard will ensure widespread adoption and also compatibility over time with contact tracing apps around the world that are also expected to adopt the same exposure notification framework," the app developers told Reuters earlier this week. (bgr.com)
- In People Count: Contact-Tracing Apps and Public Health , computer scientist Susan Landau advocates for a public discussion on using contact-tracing applications (apps) in public health ( Figure ). (cdc.gov)
- Chapter 3 introduces smartphone technologies proposed to add to contact tracing, focusing on apps with centralized databases, such as Singapore's TraceTogether, which exchanges identifiers with other users through Bluetooth Low Energy technology. (cdc.gov)
- Chapter 5 discusses whether contact-tracing apps are truly effective public health tools and if they exacerbate inequalities in societies. (cdc.gov)
- First, COVID-19 should not trump other dimensions of well-being: if contact-tracing apps cause someone to isolate or lose a paycheck unnecessarily, they are not protecting all aspects of one's well-being. (cdc.gov)
- Fourth, contact-tracing apps should be evaluated before and during deployment in different communities. (cdc.gov)
- Fifth, app software should be open source to maintain transparency, and contact-tracing apps should undergo formal independent testing. (cdc.gov)
- Although Landau covers contact-tracing apps of many countries, she does not directly comment on China's health QR code, which is used for tracing citizens and denying venue and transportation access based on individuals' risk status ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- In general, Landau cautions us against the surveillance state: should we normalize the idea of collecting proximity data via contact-tracing apps, governments could use the data to track political opponents and activists. (cdc.gov)
Centers for Diseas1
- CECH: Sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a designated provider of continuing education contact hours (CECH) in health education by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc. This program is designated for Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES®) and/or Master Certified Health Education Specialists (MCHES®) to receive up to 1 total Category I continuing education contact hours. (cdc.gov)
20206
- This open access book describes Smittestopp, the first Norwegian system for digital contact tracing of Covid-19 infections, which was developed in March and early April 2020. (springer.com)
- SOUTHFIELD, Mich. , July 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- ImageSoft, Inc., a software development and digital transformation firm, has unveiled its OnBase Patient and Contact Tracing Software , which will aid in the ongoing battle against the spread of COVID-19. (prnewswire.com)
- Linn County Public Health, among other county public health departments in Iowa, has been conducting contact tracing since the virus first arrived in the state in March 2020. (thegazette.com)
- May 4, 2020 - Since mid-March, the World Health Organization has urged countries to scale up the testing, isolation and contact tracing of COVID-19 patients in order to combat the pandemic. (yubanet.com)
- COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Efforts from Health Departments - United States, June 25-July 24, 2020. (bvsalud.org)
- As part of the monitoring process, case investigation and contact tracing metrics for June 25-July 24, 2020, were submitted to CDC by 62 health departments. (bvsalud.org)
Investigation5
- The immediate major benefit of quickly implementing contact tracing efforts minimizes contact with potentially infected asymptomatic individuals, reducing social and professional contacts interactions, and minimizes the need for a broader contact tracing investigation. (aegis.com)
- State public health officials adjusted virus surveillance to follow its model for tracing influenza, which focuses case investigation on long-term care facility outbreaks, school outbreaks and infections among other vulnerable populations. (thegazette.com)
- Descriptive analyses of case investigation and contact tracing load, timeliness, and yield (i.e., the number of contacts elicited divided by the number of patients prioritized for interview ) were performed. (bvsalud.org)
- This is an outbreak investigation report of the first confirmed MERS case in the Philippines and the subsequent contact tracing activities. (who.int)
- Discussion: In this outbreak investigation, the participation of health-care personnel in conducting vigorous contact tracing may have reduced the risk of transmission. (who.int)
Quarantine1
- Contact tracer: To reduce the spread of the virus, it makes a huge difference if people who have been around someone positive for COVID-19 get tested and quarantine themselves for 14 days. (kevinmd.com)
Engaging COVID-191
- While it warrants further research, this low-tech, communication tool is likely to be as effective in engaging COVID-19 contacts as it is for helping people manage other health conditions. (kevinmd.com)
Asymptomatic2
- 4. Why is contact tracing often more important for asymptomatic cases of a disease compared to symptomatic cases? (cdc.gov)
- This is probably because contact tracing and testing can identify asymptomatic infections and isolate them faster than systems relying on the development of symptoms. (yubanet.com)
Infection4
- 2. Why do you think the first 2-3 days after infection is the critical window for contact tracing to occur? (cdc.gov)
- The reason for this advice is that if you can find infected cases, isolate and treat them, and trace the close contacts who they might have infected, and isolate them too, then you can keep much of the infection out of the general population. (yubanet.com)
- The efficiency of contact tracing in any epidemic depends on the characteristics of the infection and the speed and coverage of the tracing process. (yubanet.com)
- This achieves the same thing as testing and tracing, by keeping much of the infection out of the general population, but is a blunter instrument as it targets everybody. (yubanet.com)
Skip1
- The techniques utilized are rooted in our people locate / skip tracing services coupled with our phone interview expertise. (aegis.com)
Efforts6
- AEGIS' contact tracing efforts, headquartered in a Los Angeles based global security operations and intelligence analysis center has the capability to provide customers with scaled solutions backed by the latest communication, monitoring, and emergency response technology. (aegis.com)
- AEGIS' contact tracing efforts are both inbound and outbound, providing a substantially higher level of accurate curated data. (aegis.com)
- Admitting that this was low, and that it had dropped over the past 10 days, BBMP's Special Commissioner (Health) Rajendra Cholan stated that the efforts are being made to increase contact tracing. (thehindu.com)
- We believe contact tracing is a key public health tool to end the COVID-19 pandemic and the assistance of UNLV's students has been a resource in our efforts to identify people who have been potentially exposed to the virus and provide them with important information about their health," Bethel said. (reviewjournal.com)
- The department also is taking its cue from the Iowa Department of Public Health, which had ended its routine contact tracing efforts for all individual COVID-19 cases statewide this past August, Bradley said. (thegazette.com)
- Vern Dosch is leading North Dakota's contact tracing efforts. (wvxu.org)
Ebola1
- 1. During the 2014-16 Ebola outbreak, how did CDC help with contact tracing ? (cdc.gov)
Positives1
- VERN DOSCH: I mean, we want to know if, all of a sudden, contact tracing identifies that we've had a lot of positives at a particular grocery store or, you know, a bar or something like that. (wvxu.org)
Investigators4
- When current government resources are insufficient to proactively contract trace infections within a business, AEGIS' team of white labeled global security operations center analysts and contact tracing investigators can step in utilizing advanced technology, access control dataset logs, and a staffed 24/7 operations center for private contract tracing operations. (aegis.com)
- After creating this list of potentially exposed "contacts," the investigators pass the list over to a new team, who use it to start the actual contact tracing. (npr.org)
- In recent weeks, it's not just the number of positive cases that has increased, overwhelming the capacity of case investigators, but also the number of contacts that each of those people has, says contact tracer Madeline Bacolor . (npr.org)
- The capacity to conduct timely contact tracing varied among health departments, largely driven by investigators ' caseloads. (bvsalud.org)
Case11
- Funneling through the inbound pipeline of health checks, inbound calls for information, or inbound calls reporting assumptive cases, our GSOC operators are trained to perform contact tracing immediately upon identification of an assumed case. (aegis.com)
- Currently, civic officials are tracing an average of 4.5 contacts for every positive case reported in the city. (thehindu.com)
- In a virtual meeting with civic officials from all zones, civic chief N. Manjunath Prasad said a minimum of 15 contacts for every positive case reported should be traced and tested. (thehindu.com)
- The recommendations IDOH issued Wednesday make several significant changes: no more contact tracing, case reporting or quarantining for students - regardless of school mask use or vaccination status. (indianapublicmedia.org)
- Contact Tracing Reports will be accessed by Security Management, only in the event of a positive case of COVID-19. (cic-totalcare.com)
- In the event of a positive COVID-19 case or possible exposure, Hamilton Public Health requires close contacts to be identified. (cic-totalcare.com)
- So in other countries, such as the UK, case finding and contact tracing capacity became overwhelmed early on and lockdowns were introduced instead. (yubanet.com)
- To assess TB transmission from a sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB case, the contacts of a 15-year-old Iranian girl diagnosed with smear-negative TB in 2010 were traced. (who.int)
- With higher caseloads, the percentage of patients interviewed within 24 hours of case report was lower (Spearman coefficient = -0.68), and the number of contacts identified per patient prioritized for interview also decreased (Spearman coefficient = -0.60). (bvsalud.org)
- All traced contacts were monitored daily for appearance of illness for 14 days starting from the date of last known exposure to the confirmed case. (who.int)
- Racelis S, de los Reyes VC, Sucaldito MN, Deveraturda I, Roca JB, Tayag E. Contact tracing the first Middle East respiratory syndrome case in the Philippines, February 2015. (who.int)
Pandemic3
- Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the term "contact tracing" has been used a lot. (fox13now.com)
- Dr. Todd Vento, and infectious disease epidemiologist with Intermountain Healthcare said contact tracing is a function of the health department, but when they needed a little extra help at the start of the pandemic, Intermountain was happy to have professionals step in. (fox13now.com)
- As the current pandemic developed, some countries, including South Korea , were able to use testing and tracing to control the disease and avoid mandatory lockdown measures. (yubanet.com)
Governments1
- Through examples, Chapter 2 explains the implementation of contact tracing and that, for it to succeed, governments must earn the public's trust by maintaining confidentiality and engaging with communities. (cdc.gov)
Healthcare2
- Developed by NHSX, the NHS's digital healthcare innovation unit, the contract-tracing app works by using Bluetooth to automate the "laborious" process of contact tracing and has the goal of reducing transmission of the virus by alerting people who may have been exposed, so they can take action to protect themselves. (computerweekly.com)
- The contact tracing training forms part of the bigger national preparedness and response the Ministry of Health is undertaking in collaboration with WHO to strengthen the capacity of healthcare professionals and volunteers to trace and follow up contacts, conduct timely detection and reporting of suspected cases. (who.int)
Isolate1
- Their job is to call everyone who's tested positive for the virus, tell them they need to isolate themselves, and ask them for the names of people with whom they had close contact. (npr.org)
Timely3
- The participants are now better equipped to detect and report on a timely manner on any person who might have been in contact with another person who may have been infected during an outbreak. (who.int)
- Enhanced staffing capacity and ability and improved community engagement could lead to more timely interviews and identification of more contacts. (bvsalud.org)
- timely tracing of contacts should be a priority. (medscape.com)
Borders1
- Indeed, the API would allow contact tracing across borders, which could be beneficial for large countries like the US and the entire European Union. (bgr.com)
Epidemiology3
- Contact tracing is the bread of butter of epidemiology and biostatistics," Barber told the Review-Journal. (reviewjournal.com)
- Barber, who is pursuing a doctoral degree from UNLV's School of Public Health focusing on epidemiology and biostatistics, is now one of three co-leaders for the contact tracing team. (reviewjournal.com)
- Chapter 1 sets the scene for contact tracing by introducing the basics of epidemiology. (cdc.gov)
Spread6
- 2. How does contact tracing slow the spread of a disease? (cdc.gov)
- But it's happening now in health departments in Michigan and around the U.S. where contact tracing workforces have grown , but not fast enough to keep pace with the pandemic's spread. (npr.org)
- Contact tracing is really meant to prevent further spread of disease in a specific region," Bradley told The Gazette. (thegazette.com)
- Whether or not we continue to do contact tracing, it will still spread. (thegazette.com)
- New outbreaks are possible, and sustained testing and spread tracing campaigns will be required to prevent widespread transmission. (bgr.com)
- Contact tracing has been used for decades by state and local health departments to slow or stop the spread of infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
Potentially1
- Widespread adoption could make the manpower-intensive task of traditional contact tracing - which requires armies of trained staffers to locate and notify people potentially exposed to an infected person - much more manageable. (cultofmac.com)
Disease3
- So when a new disease such as COVID-19 first emerges it's not possible to know exactly how useful testing and tracing will be. (yubanet.com)
- Testing and tracing is most feasible as an effective strategy at the start of an outbreak when there are just a few chains of transmission of the disease. (yubanet.com)
- Human Ig prevents or modifies disease in susceptible contacts if administered within 6 days of exposure. (medscape.com)
Initially1
- In England, the development of a contact-tracing app had a rocky start: the UK government initially snubbed Google and Apple's API and attempted to create a centralized app on its own, before ditching the plan when technical limitations became apparent. (zdnet.com)
Decades1
- In fact, contact tracing has been around for decades. (fox13now.com)
Methods1
- But such innovative contact tracing methods raise a host of privacy concerns, forcing a reckoning with how we balance privacy and public health. (omm.com)
Patient1
- ImageSoft's solution solves many problems currently facing other tracing solutions, including patient response rate and privacy issues, while freeing up time for health care workers to focus on patient care. (prnewswire.com)
Process2
- Information obtained through the contact tracing process is logged and passed through to our customers as actionable intelligence, allowing them to make informed operational decisions quickly. (aegis.com)
- In all this process, only an anonymized ID of each interaction record is stored on a database, which is why the Apple-Google way is the most private contact tracing technology proposed so far. (bgr.com)
News1
- Contact: I know a lot from the news. (kevinmd.com)
Patients2
- Upon launching, OCDPH immediately began surveying new patients, tracing contacts and high-risk populations, and building an interconnected public health community of nurses, epidemiologists, environmental health professionals to flatten the curve. (prnewswire.com)
- Limerick, Ireland, June 14, 2022 -- Despite a significant rise in the number of Covid-19 patients being treated at University Hospital Limerick (UHL), the Health Service Executive is going ahead with plans to close down its Covid contract tracing unit in Limerick at the end of the month. (contactcenterworld.com)
Close4
- The UK region launched the StopCovid NI contact-tracing app at the end of July , tapping Bluetooth signals to anonymously alert smartphone users if they have been in close contact with someone who has since tested positive for COVID-19. (zdnet.com)
- A person can be infected through close contacts. (who.int)
- Close contacts were identified and categorized. (who.int)
- A total of 449 close contacts were identified, and 297 (66%) were traced. (who.int)
Health departments3
- The tracing software is available to health departments throughout the U.S. looking for innovative and effective ways to fight COVID-19. (prnewswire.com)
- To cope, the overburdened health departments have a new tactic: asking residents who test positive for the virus to do their own contact tracing. (npr.org)
- State health departments should contact their CDC project officers. (cdc.gov)
Tool4
- Apple moved quickly when, in April , it announced that it had teamed up with Google (the company it once wanted to go to thermonuclear war against ) to develop a contact-tracing tool that would, very smartly, alert users if they'd come in contact with infected individuals - without compromising privacy. (cultofmac.com)
- A graphic published with the article makes clear just how few states have adopted Apple and Google's contact-tracing tool so far. (cultofmac.com)
- But its biggest, most transformative effort - the contact-tracing tool built into iOS - continues to be frustratingly ignored. (cultofmac.com)
- DOSCH: We feel that in order to do our very best to protect the citizens and to do a very good job, a very thorough job of contact tracing, we need to have every tool that we can. (wvxu.org)
Tracer4
- Contact tracer: Hello, I'm calling from the public health department. (kevinmd.com)
- Contact tracer: You have been in contact with someone testing positive for COVID-19. (kevinmd.com)
- Contact tracer: Ideally, it means staying home, having meals delivered to your door, and cleaning the bathroom thoroughly after you use it. (kevinmd.com)
- Contact tracer: I agree. (kevinmd.com)
Outbreak1
- However, being overly cautious to include more contacts for the outbreak response should be further reconsidered. (who.int)
People4
- Some have asked people who test positive to do their own contact tracing. (npr.org)
- That's why states are hiring tens of thousands of people to do contact tracing. (wvxu.org)
- She says contact tracing has always fundamentally been about human interaction, where public health workers are asking people to open up about their personal lives. (wvxu.org)
- People Count reminds us that protecting citizens' privacy and wellbeing are prerequisites for successful contact tracing, whether app-assisted or not. (cdc.gov)
Cases5
- The models are variants of real-time, responsive intervention, based upon observing diagnosed cases and targeting intervention towards individuals they have infected or are likely to have infected, be they housemates or named contacts. (bl.uk)
- But if this does not keep the epidemic under control, and there is widespread community transmission, there will quickly be many cases and contacts. (yubanet.com)
- This is because of the sheer numbers of cases and contacts involved, each of whom would need quarantining until shown to be uninfected. (yubanet.com)
- Samples from sus- pected cases and contact tracing across Ghana were received and processed for SARS-CoV-2. (who.int)
- Highest number of cases were reported in June when the GHS embarked on targeted contact tracing which led to an increase in number of samples processed daily, peaking at over 7,000 samples daily. (who.int)
Identify2
- We're effectively able to identify the appropriate contacts to connect with and elicit informative responses to meet our client's goals. (aegis.com)
- The county hired individuals to contact residents who tested positive to identify others who may have come in contact with them. (thegazette.com)
Bluetooth1
- He's also working on Bluetooth contact tracing. (wvxu.org)
Epidemic2
- Testing and tracing soon becomes an unmanageable strategy and a lockdown to reduce physical contact then becomes a more efficient and effective means of controlling the epidemic. (yubanet.com)
- However, with a testing, tracking and tracing strategy in place as well, it will still be possible to keep the epidemic under control. (yubanet.com)
Participation1
- The success of contact tracing hinges on a community's level of participation. (cdc.gov)
Users1
- If a user becomes unwell with symptoms of Covid-19, they can allow the app to inform the NHS which, subject to sophisticated risk analysis, will trigger an anonymous alert to other app users with whom the user came into significant contact over the previous few days. (computerweekly.com)
Contract1
- If you or your operation has a need for contract tracing services, request a free consultation today. (aegis.com)
Deployment1
- By sharing lessons learned and the challenges faced during the development and deployment of the technology, we hope that this book can be a valuable guide for experts from different domains, such as big data collection and analysis, application development, and deployment in a national population, as well as digital tracing. (springer.com)
Positive3
- Flexible to meet our client's needs, we can facilitate outbound digital employee health questionnaires and contact employees in real time to presumptive positive responses. (aegis.com)
- A person becomes a contact when they have been within 6 feet of distance for at least 15 minutes or more with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19," said Cias. (fox13now.com)
- With the current situation in the country, which started with one Seychellois national testing positive for pneumonic plague after dying of respiratory illness whilst in Madagascar on 27th September, and another man becoming symptomatic on arrival in Seychelles on 6th October after holidaying in Madagascar, a total of 332 primary contacts and 631 secondary contacts have been registered and followed until 19th October. (who.int)
Program1
- The UNLV School of Public Health announced in late September it received a $3.4 million state grant to expand its contact tracing program, a partnership with the Southern Nevada Health District. (reviewjournal.com)
Person1
- But the big difference is that a decentralised solution wouldn't have a central server with the recent face-to-face contacts of every infected person. (bbc.com)
Students2
- 3. How are schools in the United States using contact tracing to keep students safe? (cdc.gov)
- Southern Nevada Health District spokeswoman Stephanie Bethel said the district provided training for the initial group of UNLV students who were helping with contact tracing and now the university is providing training as it continues to hire new staff. (reviewjournal.com)
Fight1
- The UK government may have earned some plaudits for attempting to use a mobile contact-tracing app to aid the fight against Covid-19, but the controversy over its nature, in particular its centralised database, is rumbling on. (computerweekly.com)
Community2
Capacity2
- Building testing and tracing capacity is not easy. (yubanet.com)
- Victoria, Seychelles, 10th October 2017 - A one day training aimed at improving the capacity of health care workers and volunteers on contact tracing has taken place at the Headquarters of the Ministry of Health on Tuesday 17th October 2017. (who.int)
Data privacy1
- UK scientific experts address doubts on UK contact-tracing app's effectiveness, particular regarding data privacy , but admit that its nature may have to evolve as the roll-out scales up. (computerweekly.com)
Effective1
- Despite the encouraging growth of the app's user base, it's still hard to tell how effective the contact-tracing app really is. (zdnet.com)
Support1
- Knowing how to phrase questions and communicating in a sensitive manner is crucial to ensure the contact is comfortable to share information with us and for us to provide support services. (kevinmd.com)