An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.
Animal searching behavior. The variable introductory phase of an instinctive behavior pattern or sequence, e.g., looking for food, or sequential courtship patterns prior to mating.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety.
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.
The consumption of edible substances.

Interaction of procedural factors in human performance on yoked schedules. (1/54)

The differential effects of reinforcement contingencies and contextual variables on human performance were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, adult human subjects operated a joystick in a video game in which the destruction of targets was arranged according to a yoked variable-ratio variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. Three variables were examined across 12 conditions: verbal instructions, shaping, and the use of a consummatory response following reinforcement (i.e., depositing a coin into a bank). Behavior was most responsive to the reinforcement contingencies when the consummatory response was available, responding was established by shaping, and subjects received minimal verbal instructions about their task. The responsiveness of variable-interval subjects' behavior varied more than that of variable-ratio subjects when these contextual factors were altered. Experiment 2 examined resistance to instructional control under the same yoked-schedules design. Conditions varied in terms of the validity of instructions. Performance on variable-ratio schedules was more resistant to instructional control than that on variable-interval schedules.  (+info)

Enhanced food-related motivation after bilateral lesions of the subthalamic nucleus. (2/54)

Although inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has beneficial effects on motor symptoms of parkinsonism, little is known of possible actions on nonmotor symptoms of cognition or mood. Here, we used several forms of converging evidence to show that STN lesions can enhance behavioral motivation. Thus, bilateral fiber-sparing lesions of the STN in rats reduced the time required to eat a standard number of food reward pellets, without affecting food intake, and altered performance on a number of behavioral measures consistent with enhanced motivation for food. Thus, STN-lesioned rats showed greater levels of locomotor activity conditioned to food presentation, enhanced control over responding by food-related conditioned reinforcers, and a higher breaking point associated with elevated rate of lever press under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. These results reveal a new functional role schedule for STN, possibly because of its involvement in ventral, as well as dorsal, striatal circuitry and are relevant to the therapeutic effects of STN stimulation in Parkinson's disease.  (+info)

Comparative neuroethology of feeding control in molluscs. (3/54)

Over the last 30 years, many laboratories have examined, in parallel, the feeding behaviour of gastropod molluscs and the properties of the nervous system that give rise to this behaviour. Equal attention to both behavioural and neurobiological issues has provided deep insight into the functioning of the nervous system in generating and controlling behaviour. The conclusions derived from studies on gastropod feeding are generally consistent with those from other systems, but often provide more detailed information on the behavioural function of a particular property of the nervous system. A review of the literature on gastropod feeding illustrates a number of important messages. (i) Many of the herbivorous gastropods display similarities in behaviour that are reflected in corresponding similarities in neural anatomy, pharmacology and physiology. By contrast, the same aspects of the behaviour of different carnivorous species are quite variable, possibly because of their specialised prey-capture techniques. Nonetheless, some aspects of the neural control of feeding are preserved. (ii) Feeding in all species is flexible, with the behaviour and the physiology adapting to changes in the current environment and internal state and as a result of past experience. Flexibility arises via processes that may take place at many neural sites, and much of the modulation underlying behavioural flexibility is understood at a systems and at a cellular level. (iii) Neurones seem to have specific functions that are consistent with their endogenous properties and their synaptic connections, suggesting that individual neurones code specific pieces of information (i.e. they are 'grandmother cells'). However, the properties of a neurone can be extremely complex and can be understood only in the context of the complete neural circuit and the behaviour that it controls. In systems that are orders of magnitude more complex, it would be impossible to understand the functional properties of an individual neurone, even if it also coded specific information. (iv) Systems such as gastropod feeding may provide a model for understanding the functional properties of more complex systems.  (+info)

Firing of nucleus accumbens neurons during the consummatory phase of a discriminative stimulus task depends on previous reward predictive cues. (4/54)

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in both appetitive and consummatory behavior. To examine how NAc neurons encode information during reward consumption, we recorded the firing activity of rat NAc neurons during the performance of a discriminative stimulus task. In this task, the animal must make an operant response to an intermittently presented cue to obtain a sucrose reward delivered in a reward receptacle. Uncued entries to the receptacle were not rewarded. Both excitations and inhibitions during reward consumption were observed, but substantially more neurons were inhibited than excited. These excitations and inhibitions began when the animal entered the reward receptacle and ended when the animal exited the receptacle. Both excitations and inhibitions were much smaller or nonexistent when the animal made uncued entries into the reward receptacle. In one set of experiments, we randomly withheld the reward in some cued trials that would otherwise have been rewarded. Excitations and inhibitions were of similar magnitude whether or not the reward was delivered. This indicates that the sensory stimulus of reward does not drive these phasic responses; instead, the reward-associated responses may be driven by the conditioned stimuli associated with reward, or they may encode information about consummatory motor activity. Another population of NAc neurons was excited on exit from the reward receptacle. Many of these excitations persisted for tens of seconds after the receptacle exit and showed a significant inverse correlation with the rate of uncued operant responding. These findings are consistent with a contribution of NAc neurons to both reward consummatory and reward seeking behavior.  (+info)

Rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in Japanese quail. (5/54)

Non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. However, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. Male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (POA). Brain aromatase activity (AA) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. Here, acute effects of Vorozole, an aromatase inhibitor, injected IP at different doses and times before testing (between 15 and 60 min), were assessed on male sexual behavior in quail. To limit the risk of committing both types of statistical errors (I and II), data of all experiments were entered into a meta-analysis. Vorozole significantly inhibited mount attempts (P < 0.05, size effect [g] = 0.527) and increased the latency to first copulation (P < 0.05, g = 0.251). The treatment had no effect on the other measures of copulatory behavior. Vorozole also inhibited appetitive sexual behavior measured by the social proximity response (P < 0.05, g = 0.534) or rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (P < 0.001, g = 0.408). Behavioral inhibitions always reached a maximum at 30 min. Another aromatase inhibitor, androstatrienedione, induced a similar rapid inhibition of sphincter movements. Radioenzyme assays demonstrated that within 30 min Vorozole had reached the POA and completely blocked AA measured in homogenates. When added to the extracellular milieu, Vorozole also blocked within 5 min the AA in POA explants maintained in vitro. Together, these data demonstrate that aromatase inhibition rapidly decreases both consummatory and appetitive aspects of male sexual behavior.  (+info)

Cystine/glutamate exchange regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor presynaptic inhibition of excitatory transmission and vulnerability to cocaine seeking. (6/54)

Withdrawal from chronic cocaine reduces extracellular glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens by decreasing cystine/glutamate exchange (xc-). Activating xc- with N-acetylcysteine restores extracellular glutamate and prevents cocaine-induced drug seeking. It was hypothesized that the activation of xc- prevents drug seeking by increasing glutamatergic tone on presynaptic group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) and thereby inhibiting excitatory transmission. In the first experiment, the capacity of glutamate derived from xc- to regulate excitatory transmission via mGluR2/3 was determined. Physiological levels of cystine (100-300 nm) were restored to acute tissue slices from the nucleus accumbens or prefrontal cortex. Cystine increased glutamate efflux and decreased miniature EPSC (mEPSC) and spontaneous EPSC (sEPSC) frequency as well as evoked EPSC amplitude. These effects of cystine were presynaptic, because there was no change in mEPSC or sEPSC amplitude, and an increase in the evoked EPSC paired-pulse facilitation ratio. The cystine-induced reduction in EPSCs was reversed by blocking either xc- or mGluR2/3. In the second experiment, blocking mGluR2/3 prevented the ability of N-acetylcystine to inhibit the reinstatement of drug seeking in rats trained to self-administer cocaine. These data demonstrate that nonsynaptic glutamate derived from xc- modulates synaptic glutamate release and thereby regulates cocaine-induced drug seeking.  (+info)

Diminishing marginal value as delay discounting. (7/54)

The fundamental law underlying economic demand and exchange is the tendency for value of marginal units to diminish with increasing amounts of a commodity. The present paper demonstrates that this law follows from three still-more-basic psychological assumptions: (a) limited consumption rate, (b) delay discounting, and (c) choice of highest valued alternative. Cases of diminishing marginal value apparently due to pure intensity of reward may plausibly be attributed to the above three factors. The further assumption that maximum consumption rate may vary within and across individuals implies that some substances may be unusually addictive and that some individual animals may be unusually susceptible to addiction.  (+info)

Receptor crosstalk: characterization of mice deficient in dopamine D1 and adenosine A2A receptors. (8/54)

Here we report the development of D1A2A receptor knockout mice to investigate whether interactions between dopamine D1 and adenosine A2A receptors participate in reward-related behavior. The combined deletion of D1 and A2A receptors resulted in mice with decreased weight and appetitive processes, reduced rearing and exploratory behaviors, increased anxiety, and a significantly poorer performance on the rotarod, compared to wild-type littermates. D1A2A receptor knockout mice shared phenotypic similarities with mice deficient in D1 receptors, while also paralleling behavioral deficits seen in A2A receptor knockout mice, indicating individual components of the behavioral phenotype of the D1A2A receptor knockout attributable to the loss of both receptors. In contrast, ethanol and saccharin preference in D1A2A receptor knockout mice were distinctly different from that observed in derivative D1 or A2A receptor-deficient mice. Compared to wild types, preference and consumption of ethanol were decreased in D1A2A receptor knockout mice, the reduction in ethanol consumption greater even than that seen in D1 receptor-deficient mice. Preference and consumption of saccharin were also reduced in D1A2A receptor knockout mice, whereas saccharin preference was similar in wild-type, D1, and A2A receptor knockout mice. These data suggest an interaction of D1 and A2A receptors in the reinforcement processes underlying the intake of rewarding substances, whereby the A2A receptor seems involved in goal-directed behavior and the motor functions underlying the expression of such behaviors, and the D1 receptor is confirmed as essential in mediating motivational processes related to the repeated intake of novel substances and drugs.  (+info)

"Differential effects of viqualine on alcohol intake and other consummatory behaviors". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. ...
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... Operant behavior gives a good definition for rewards. Anything that makes an individual come back for more is a positive ... Desires can be occurrent even if they do not influence our behavior. This is the case, for example, if the agent has a ... They are either conscious or at least have unconscious effects, for example, on the subject's reasoning or behavior. Desires we ...
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... also known as approach behavior - and consummatory behavior. The "wanting" of incentive salience differs from "liking" in the ... Operant behavior gives a good definition for rewards. Anything that makes an individual come back for more is a positive ... Motivational salience is a cognitive process and a form of attention that motivates or propels an individual's behavior towards ...
... and the consummatory phase, during which highly stereotyped copulatory behaviors occur. The medial preoptic area of the brain ... In rats, lesions to mPOA can eliminate the male copulatory behavior but can only diminish appetitive behavior, which suggests ... Prenatal exposure to morphine increases copulatory behavior in male rats while decreases estrous behavior in female rats. ... Differential regulation of appetitive and consummatory male sexual behaviors". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 28 (4): 161-178 ...
Instrumental capital: behavior that is taught through ones surroundings over time. Consummatory capital a behavior that is made ... There are two other sub-sources of social capital: Consummatory capital: a behavior that is made up of actions that fulfill a ... Two examples of consummatory social capital are value interjection and solidarity. Value interjection pertains to a person or ... Deviant behavior is encouraged by deviant peers via favorable definitions and learning opportunities provided by network-based ...
"Peptides that Regulate Food Intake Effect of peptide histidine isoleucine on consummatory behavior in rats". American Journal ... This peptide is present within the central nervous system that help regulate food consumption behavior, while at peripheral ...
Social facilitation acts more on the appetitive than the consummatory phase of feeding behavior in domestic fowl. Animal ... It has been phrased as "The energizing of dominant behaviors by the presence of others." Social facilitation occurs in a wide ... Some preliminary evidence of the social facilitation of mounting behavior in a juvenile bull Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). ...
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, sexual behavior, and consummatory behavior ... approach behavior, preparatory behavior, instrumental behavior, anticipatory behavior, and seeking. Terms that are commonly ... also known as approach behavior, and consummatory behavior. A rewarding stimulus has been described as "any stimulus, object, ... or pleasure component of reward include consummatory behavior and taking behavior. The three primary functions of rewards are ...
The subthalamic area (zona incerta) seems to contain action-generating systems for several types of "consummatory" behaviors ... Because behavior is driven by brain activity, changes in behavior must somehow correspond to changes inside the brain. Already ... but that the majority of behaviors of humans, and all behaviors of animals, could be explained mechanistically. The first real ... When a particular behavior is followed by favorable consequences, the reward mechanism in the brain is activated, which induces ...
In male rats, the mPOA affects the consummatory phase of sexual behavior, and possibly motivation, with lesions causing a ... In females, studies have examined the influence of the mPOA on precopulatory and appetitive behaviors. Precopulatory behaviors ... Appetitive behaviors of female rats - including hops, darts, and solicitations - have been linked to dopamine (DA) transmission ... Additionally, the mPOA is critical for the onset and expression of parental behavior, as evidenced by increases in the ...
Appetitive behaviour also known as approach behaviour, and consummatory behaviour, are the only processes that involve energy ... Appetite has a relationship with every individual's behavior. ...
... enabling the expression of appetitive or consummatory behaviors. The motivational effects of AMPA antagonists, and to a lesser ... Sexual behavior is highly rewarding (Tenk et al., 2009), and sexual experience causes sensitized drug-related behaviors, ... Drug induction of ΔFosB133,134, and the effects of ΔFosB and G9a on cell morphology and behavior, differ between D1-type and D2 ... This distinction is thought to reflect consummatory and appetitive conditioned responses in the NAcc shell and the NAcc core, ...
Probing the effects of opioids on consummatory behavior, Barson injected opioids into brain regions involved in feeding and ... In addition to her work exploring the neurochemical mechanisms of consummatory behavior, Barson also explored how individual ... Physiology & Behavior, 98(4), 453-9. Barson JR, Karatayev O, Chang G-Q, Johnson DF, Bocarsly ME, Hoebel BG & Leibowitz SF (2009 ... Since the PVT appeared to play a role in alcohol consumption behavior, Barson was interested in exploring the role of this area ...
When the appeted stimulus is at length received it stimulates a consummatory reaction, after which the appetitive behavior ... Behavior of the young bird in breaking out of the egg. Journal of Animal Behavior, 2, 296-298. 1913a. The stimulation and the ... and how vocal as well as social behaviors are organized. He encouraged a view of behavior as an integrated process with ... A key insight was that much behavior is expressed not in response to, but in search of sensory input - or the lack of such ...
... the attractive and motivational property of a stimulus that induces approach behavior and consummatory behavior - an intrinsic ... or pleasure component that is reflected in consummatory behavior. Some research indicates that similar mesocorticolimbic ... Pleasure-seeking behavior is a common phenomenon and may indeed dominate our conduct at times. The thesis of psychological ... Sigmund Freud formulated his pleasure principle in order to account for the effect pleasure has on our behavior. It states that ...
... consummatory behavior MeSH F01.145.113.252.478 - nesting behavior MeSH F01.145.113.252.520 - predatory behavior MeSH F01.145. ... imitative behavior MeSH F01.145.527 - impulsive behavior MeSH F01.145.527.100 - compulsive behavior MeSH F01.145.527.100.120 - ... reproductive behavior MeSH F01.145.688.500 - contraception behavior MeSH F01.145.699 - risk reduction behavior MeSH F01.145.722 ... ceremonial behavior MeSH F01.145.813.105 - competitive behavior MeSH F01.145.813.115 - cooperative behavior MeSH F01.145. ...
This equation predicts low response rates at low ratio requirements due to the displacement of memory by consummatory behavior ... Competing behaviors such as goal tracking or hopper inspection are at a minimum directly after food presentation. These ... Arousal refers to the activation of behavior by the presentation of incentives. An increase in activity level following ... Delivery of incentives increases the rate of adjunctive behaviors by generating a heightened level of general activity, or ...
... consummatory behaviors, or beliefs about the object, i.e., instrumental behaviors. According to the Mismatch Model the ... Attitudes and Behavior. The Mismatch Model. Self-reported attitudes might primarily reflect a person's feelings or her beliefs ... Millar, M. G. & Tesser, A. (1992). The role of beliefs and feelings in guiding behavior: The Mis-match Model. In L. Martin & A ... Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in ...
The term proceptive phase refers to pre-consummatory, that is, pre-ejaculatory, behavior and focuses attention on the active ... Behaviors that occur during the proceptive phase depend very much on the species, but may include visual displays, movements, ... The term proceptivity was introduced into general sexological use by Frank A. Beach in 1976 and refers to behavior enacted by a ... Hormones and Behavior, 7:105-138. John Money, Human Sexuality: Concupiscent and Romantic, Journal of Psychology & Human ...
Perspectives in consummatory behavior and digestion", Physiology & Behavior, Hebrew University of Israel, Kobe Women's ... Behavior, Elsevier, 20 (5): 563-570, doi:10.1016/0031-9384(78)90248-2, PMID 684091[dead link] Naim, Michael; Ohara, Ikuo; Kare ...
Animal testing Behavior therapy Chaining Society for Quantitative Analysis of Behavior Peterson, G.B. (2004) A day of great ... The animals naturally, unconditionally, display consummatory reactions to the food given them, but through learning, ... It can also be used to teach behaviors to learners who refuse to do the target behavior or struggle with achieving it. This ... The trainer will pick one of those behaviors that is a closer approximation to the target behavior and reinforce that chosen ...
... including our behaviors. Students that study animal behaviors have only identified intraspecific examples of gene-dependent ... and the compelling intention for gratification by a consummatory act." Emotions are seen by some researchers to be constructed ... Although defensive behaviors have been present in a wide variety of species, Blanchard et al. (2001) discovered a correlation ... Research in Organizational Behavior 8: 1±74 Howard M Weiss; Daniel J Beal (June 2005). reflections on affective events theory. ...
Some theorists explain behavior motivated by self-interest without using pleasure and pain as the final causes of behavior. ... The consummatory rat: The psychological hedonism of Robert C. Bolles. In M. E. Bouton & M. S. Fanselow (Eds.), Learning, ... For the hedonistic mechanism to produce the behavior of caring for offspring, the parent must believe that the caring behavior ... Psychological egoists and hedonists have found through numerous observations of natural human behavior that behavior can be ...
... also known as approach behavior) and consummatory behavior. A rewarding stimulus is one that can induce the organism to ... corresponds to appetitive or approach behavior while "liking" or pleasure corresponds to consummatory behavior. In human drug ... The higher the level of dopamine activity, the lower the impetus required to evoke a given behavior. As a consequence, high ... The latter behaviors are similar to those observed in individuals with a behavioral addiction. Cocaine, substituted ...
Some homeostatic feelings drive specific behavior (drinking, withdrawing and resting in these examples) aimed at maintaining ... and the compelling intention for gratification by a consummatory act." Denton includes sexual desire in this class and ...
... only previous instances of reinforcement of that behavior (in the same or similar situations) do. Through the behavior-altering ... and consummatory "liking phase". This type of motivation has neurobiological roots in the basal ganglia and mesolimbic ( ... who did not complete training using the validated Behavior Inhibitory System/Behavior Approach System. They concluded based on ... The feeding behavior of flies, on the other hand, is not flexible in this sense. On this view, we are justified to ascribe ...
Behaviorists focused only on the observable, i.e., behavior and external rewards, with no reference to cognitive or emotional ... Instrumental communication is contrasted with "consummatory communication" where communication is the end, such as emotional ... Thus Festinger suggested that the "social influence processes and some kinds of competitive behavior are both manifestations of ... The subjects paid $20 experienced less dissonance, as the large payment provided consonance with their behavior; they therefore ...
Similarly, a behavior that is altered by its consequences is known as operant behavior. There are multiple components of ... Those in the consummatory condition were instructed to imagine as clearly as possible how consuming the chocolate would taste ... By continually strengthening and reinforcing a behavior, or weakening and punishing a behavior an association as well as a ... A positive reinforcer is a stimulus which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to increase in ...
However, "liking" or consummatory pleasure, is intact in people with schizophrenia, as they report experiencing the same degree ... Brain Imaging and Behavior. 10 (3): 920-39. doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9457-6. PMC 4838562. PMID 26487590. Preda A (2014). "Brain ... reduced consummatory pleasure (liking), and deficits in reinforcement learning. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ... as studies comparing implicit behavior versus explicit self-reports demonstrate a dissociation of the two. Learning has also ...
However, some of these changes are reflected in physiology and behavior, the latter of which is the target of many animal ... and consummatory "liking". While a number of studies suggest that depressed subjects rate positive stimuli less positively and ... From an evolutionary standpoint, the behavior correlates of defeats of loss are thought to be an adaptive response to prevent ... The validity of these models in producing depressive behaviors may be assessed with a number of behavioral tests. Anhedonia and ...
Historically, consummatory responses, eating and drinking, have served exclusively as reinforcers, but consummatory responses ... In addition he showed that chimpanzees are capable of symbolic behavior. After viewing themselves in a mirror wearing, on ... J Exp Psych: Animal Behavior Processes, 7, 1-17. Premack, D. (1976). Intelligence in ape and man. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale ... Premack, D. (1959). Toward empirical behavior laws: I. Positive reinforcement. Psych Rev., 66, 219-233. Premack, D. (1963). ...
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... Other definitions have been proposed, such as F.D. Sheffield's "consummatory behavior contingent on a response", but these are ... This behavior trap may simply be a social situation that will generally result from a specific behavior once it has met a ... The behavior can be influenced by the consequence but behavior also needs antecedents. There are four types of reinforcement: ...
Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle Two distinct behaviors have been observed in inking cephalopods. The first is the ... as well during the capture phase as during the consummatory phase, due to visual and chemical effects of the ink releases. Many ... Caldwell, Roy L. (2005). "An Observation of Inking Behavior Protecting Adult Octopus bocki from Predation by Green Turtle ( ...
Orexigenic Hypothalamic Peptides Behavior and Feeding - 24.5 Orexin". In Preedy VR, Watson RR, Martin CR (eds.). Handbook of ... hindbrain participation in consummatory feeding responses". Endocrinology. 150 (3): 1202-16. doi:10.1210/en.2008-0293. PMC ... a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior". Cell. 92 (4): 573-85. ... Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer. pp. 361-2. ISBN 9780387922713. Stanford Center for Narcolepsy FAQ (retrieved 27-Mar- ...
Carlson, N. (2013). Reproductive Behavior. In Physiology of Behavior (11th ed., p. 332). Boston, MA: Pearson Education. " ... they concluded that an increase in mesolimbic dopamine efflux is associated with the appetitive and consummatory stages of ... An experiment performed on rats showed that when left to reproduce to sexual satiety, the motor ejaculatory behavior, ... Ventura-Aquino, Elisa; Fernández-Guasti, Alonso (2013). "Reduced proceptivity and sex-motivated behaviors in the female rat ...
Rewards induce approach behavior, also called appetitive or preparatory behavior, and consummatory behavior. ... Thus any ... Reinforce desired behavior For example, congratulate the individual on weight losses. With humans, a record of behavior may ... During extinction the behavior becomes less probable. Occasional reinforcement can lead to an even longer delay before behavior ... Next, the trainer chooses a behavior that the animal or person already emits with some probability. The form of this behavior ...
... and consummatory in factors such as performing an action. In this theory, there are three causes responsible for behavior and ... Through the behavior-altering effect of MOs, it is possible to affect the current behavior of an individual, giving another ... Behavior is punished or reinforced in the context of whatever stimuli were present just before the behavior was performed, ... A reinforcer or punisher affects the future frequency of a behavior most strongly if it occurs within seconds of the behavior. ...
Consummatory behaviors toward any goal object -- RDoC Element. Type of Element: Behavior ... Home , Research , Research Funded by NIMH , Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) , Units of Analysis , Behaviors , Consummatory ... and behavior at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Learn more about research conducted at NIMH. ...
STRESS AND CONSUMMATORY BEHAVIOR IN THE ALBINO RAT ... STRESS AND CONSUMMATORY BEHAVIOR IN THE ALBINO RAT W P PARE. ... A NEURAL NET FOR CONSUMMATORY BEHAVIOR. MEM RM-3393-PR. PAXSON EW, BARR I. PAXSON EW, et al. Memo RM. 1963 Jan;86:1-14. Memo RM ... THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON STOMACH ULCERATION, ADRENAL FUNCTION, AND CONSUMMATORY BEHAVIOR IN THE RAT. PARE ...
... specifically drives appetitive behaviors in mice. Ablation of LH GABAerg … ... Keywords: appetitive behaviors; chemogenetics; consummatory behaviors; functional imaging; lateral hypothalamus; leptin ... Lateral hypothalamic LEPR neurons drive appetitive but not consummatory behaviors Justin N Siemian 1 , Miguel A Arenivar 1 , ... Lateral hypothalamic LEPR neurons drive appetitive but not consummatory behaviors Justin N Siemian et al. Cell Rep. 2021. . ...
Learning Affordances of Consummatory Behaviors: Motivation-Driven Adaptive Perception Title. Learning Affordances of ... integrated in a single architecture to learn object affordances of consummatory behaviors. We also describe the principles ...
An open-source platform for head-fixed operant and consummatory behavior. An open-source platform for head-fixed operant and ... This customizable platform enables replicable operant and consummatory behaviors and can be incorporated with methods to ... consummatory behavior. Gordon-Fennell, Adam; Barbakh, Joumana M; Utley, MacKenzie T; Singh, Shreya; Bazzino, Paula; ... Head-fixed behavioral experiments in rodents permit unparalleled experimental control, precise measurement of behavior, and ...
Limbic lesions and consummatory behavior in the rat Michael L. Thomka, Lawrence R. Murphy & Thomas S. Brown ... Effect of volume of reinforcement and number of consummatory responses on licking and running behavior.Harry L. Snyder & ... A theory of defense behavior: Innate responses, consummatory goal stimuli, and cognitive expectances.Fred A. Masterson - 1984 ... Thomka, Michael L. ; Murphy, Lawrence R. & Brown, Thomas S. (1975). Limbic lesions and consummatory behavior in the rat. ...
Consummatory Behavior [‎7]‎. Crime [‎7]‎. Criminal Law [‎7]‎. Crops, Agricultural [‎19]‎. Data Collection [‎13]‎. ...
Alcohol and food intake are both consummatory behaviors. Thus, there may be common mechanisms underlying uncontrolled eating ... In this way, an agent or a behavior modification that may counteract these effects may be identified, thus preventing domestic ... These chromosomal regions are likely to contain genes that influence alcohol-related behavior. This powerful new data set ... NIAAA is pursuing research that would identify the impact of alcohol on the brain and behavior of the abuser. ...
Measuring Behavior in the Home Cage: Study Design, Applications, Challenges, and Perspectives.. Grieco F, Bernstein BJ, Biemans ... High-fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives.. Mazzone CM, Liang-Guallpa J, Li C, Wolcott ... Rapid, reversible activation of AgRP neurons drives feeding behavior in mice.. Krashes MJ, Koda S, Ye C, Rogan SC, Adams AC, ... An open-source device for measuring food intake and operant behavior in rodent home-cages.. Matikainen-Ankney BA, Earnest T, ...
Consummatory behavior and metabolic indicators after central ghrelin injections in rats.. Stevanović D; Nesić D; Milosević V; ...
Alcohol and food intake are both appetitive and consummatory behaviors. Thus, there may be common mechanisms underlying ... WA Hunt and S Zakhari, eds.). In, Stress, Gender, and Alcohol-Seeking Behavior, NIAAA Research Monograph No. 29, pages 167-180 ... Finally, opioid receptors may regulate dopamine release in mesolimbic pathways and alcohol-seeking behavior. Both alcohol and ... ethanol-preferring inbred rodent lines and in children of alcoholics before they initiate alcohol-drinking behavior. At the ...
An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.. Terms. Consummatory Behavior ... Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms [F01] * Behavior [F01.145] * Behavior, Animal [F01.145.113] * Animal Communication [F01.145. ... EATING BEHAVIOR see FEEDING BEHAVIOR). Scope Note. An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior ... Consummatory Behavior Preferred Concept UI. M0005064. Scope Note. ...
... to consummatory behavior. In my research, I study sexual behavior, because this is one of the most natural incentive-driven ... to consummatory behavior. In my research, I study sexual behavior, because this is one of the most natural incentive-driven ... This allows us to study both motivation and the transition to actual consummatory behavior in this model for natural reward. ... This allows us to study both motivation and the transition to actual consummatory behavior in this model for natural reward. ...
5B). Consummatory behaviors in individual flies were analyzed over a 6 h period, allowing us to determine three additional ... Faith, M. S. & Kral, T. V. E. Social Environmental and Genetic Influences on Obesity and Obesity-Promoting Behaviors: Fostering ... C) Avoidance behavior in flies injected with two different concentrations of Tsu1.1 resulted in the control flies and the ... Behavior data was analyzed and plotted with Python using Jupyter and the scikits-bootstrap, seaborn and SciPy packages. Data ...
... activating the MDS and producing approach and consummatory behavior, positive feelings, and the learning of cues that predict ... Host behavior, environment and ability to self-medicate. Small Rumin Res (2012) 103(1):50-9. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10. ... Sex Differences in the Brain: From Genes to Behavior. New York: Oxford University Press (2008). p. 177-99. ... Sussman S. The relations of cigarette smoking with risky sexual behavior among teens. Sex Addict Comp (2005) 12(2-3):181-99. ...
1. BEACH, F. A. The neural basis of innate behavior. III. Comparison of learning ability and instinctive behavior in the rat. J ... Hunger-reducing effects of food by stomach fistula versus food by mouth measured by a consummatory response. J. comp. physiol. ... HEBB, D. O. Organization of behavior. New York: Wiley, 1949. 20. HEBB, D. O. On human thought. Canad. J. Psychol., 1953, 7, 99- ... One is the cue function, guiding behavior; the other, less obvious but no less important, is the arousal or vigilance function ...
... when consummatory behaviors are primarily influenced by taste and other cephalic cues. No such differences in early licking ... Ongoing ingestive behavior is rapidly suppressed by a preabsorptive, intestinal "bitter taste" cue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr ... Ingestive behavior. Solutions. Corn oil emulsions were made by mixing 4.5% oil (Mazola, ACH Foods Inc.) and 0.6% of an ... Post-oral sugar detection rapidly and chemospecifically modulates taste-guided behavior. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol ...
... and such behavior may be either preparatory or consummatory to express or satisfy many such needs. Maslow also believed that ... it was not meant to be construed as a theory of human behavior itself. While human behavior was mostly motivated, it was "also ... In between these two extremes are a range of possibilities that depend upon how our behavior is motivated by different desires ... Hindu scriptures identify needs and desires as the most compelling reasons for human behavior upon earth, which leads to their ...
An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.. Terms. Consummatory Behavior ... Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms [F01] * Behavior [F01.145] * Behavior, Animal [F01.145.113] * Animal Communication [F01.145. ... EATING BEHAVIOR see FEEDING BEHAVIOR). Scope Note. An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior ... Consummatory Behavior Preferred Concept UI. M0005064. Scope Note. ...
... sexual behaviors, consummatory behaviors, exploratory and locomotor behaviors, moods, learning, and memory. Genetic variants of ... MeSH Terms: Animals; Behavior/physiology; Brain/metabolism*; Brain/physiology; Co-Repressor Proteins/metabolism; Co-Repressor ...
Calvin, J. S., Bicknell, E. A., & Sperling, D. S. (1953). Effect of a secondary reinforcer on consummatory behavior. Journal of ...
AB predicts future behavior, (c) AB exerts a causal influence on consummatory behavior, and (d) AB reflects appetitive ... AB predicts future behavior, (c) AB exerts a causal influence on consummatory behavior, and (d) AB reflects appetitive ... No significant correlation between attentional bias and drug use behaviors (total years, days in past 30 days and age to start ...
"Neuroanatomical integration of homeostatic and hedonic brain regions to regulate consummatory behavior". Smith, A. E. & Hommel ... Sullenberger, S., Wood, L., Hostetter, C. & Bloomquist, K. R., Nov 17 2015, In: Journal of Human Behavior in the Social ...
Consummatory Behavior - Preferred Concept UI. M0005064. Scope note. An act which constitutes the termination of a given ... EATING BEHAVIOR see FEEDING BEHAVIOR). Allowable Qualifiers:. CL classification. DE drug effects. ES ethics. PH physiology. RE ... An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.. ... Behavior, Consummatory. Behaviors, Consummatory. Consummatory Behaviors. Tree number(s):. F01.145.113.252. RDF Unique ...
High-fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives. Nat Neurosci. 2020;23(10):1253-1266. ... Toggling between food-seeking and self-preservation behaviors via hypothalamic response networks. Neuron. 2023. ... the hopes of furthering our understanding of the behaviors that drive humans to obtain food and ultimately how these behaviors ...
Consummatory Behavior 10% * Appetitive Behavior 10% * Alcohols 9% * Light 9% * Reinforcement Schedule 8% ...
Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms [F01]. *Behavior [F01.145]. *Behavior, Animal [F01.145.113]. *Consummatory Behavior [F01.145. ... Animal behavior associated with the nest; includes construction, effects of size and material; behavior of the adult during the ... "Nesting Behavior" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Nesting Behavior" by people in this website by year, and ...
We refer to such behavior as information-seeking behavior and propose 1) key neural substrates and 2) the concept of ... High-fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives. CCB Fellow Christopher Mazzone (NIEHS-NIDDK ... Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. Funding:. This study was funded by the ... Cocaine use behavior was assessed before, during, and after the intervention and at 1- and 4-week follow-up visits. Of the 335 ...
  • We demonstrate that a subpopulation of LH GABAergic neurons expressing leptin receptors (LH LEPR ) specifically drives appetitive behaviors in mice. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of this research is to elucidate how these mechanisms interact to form circuits in the central nervous system that regulate appetitive behaviors, particularly pathological alcohol consumption. (nih.gov)
  • 1 Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224-6823, USA. (nih.gov)
  • 8. MCH and feeding behavior-interaction with peptidic network. (nih.gov)
  • The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project is designed to implement Strategy 1.4 of the NIMH Strategic Plan: "Develop, for research purposes, new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures. (nih.gov)
  • however the emphasis of these application is the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate motivated behavior. (nih.gov)
  • Neurobiological actions of psychoactive/psychotherapeutic agents: Includes molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of psychoactive drugs on behavior. (nih.gov)
  • Studies using genetic animal models started to reveal pivotal roles of NCOAs/NCORs in the brain in regulating hormonal signaling, sexual behaviors, consummatory behaviors, exploratory and locomotor behaviors, moods, learning, and memory. (nih.gov)
  • Biobehaviorally-focused applications which consider the neural, hormonal, and genetic factors that underlie behavior may be better suited for review in Biobehavioral Regulation, Learning and Ethology Study Section [BRLE] . (nih.gov)
  • Toggling between food-seeking and self-preservation behaviors via hypothalamic response networks. (nih.gov)
  • High-fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives. (nih.gov)
  • as well as mechanisms of plasticity, and predisposing factors which may shape such behavior. (nih.gov)
  • Applications with a primary focus on cellular or molecular mechanisms of addiction, psychoactive or psychotherapeutic agents and positively or negatively motivated behaviors, may be reviewed in Molecular Cellular Neuropharmacology (MCNP) , in particular when behavioral analyses are limited. (nih.gov)
  • Applications focused on human subjects and clinical studies on motivated behaviors such as addiction, obesity, or post-traumatic stress disorder and depression are more frequently reviewed in Neural Basis of Psychopathology, Addictions and Sleep Disorders (NPAS) , Adult Psychopathology and Disorders of Aging (APDA) , Addiction Risks and Mechanisms Study Section [ARM] , Interventions to Prevent and Treat Addictions Study Section [IPTA] . (nih.gov)
  • The researchers deleted TOP1 in mouse neurons and examined behavior, development, and underlying indicators of neurodegeneration, such as inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • Medial and lateral amygdalectomy differentially influences consummatory negative contrast. (bvsalud.org)
  • RDoC represents an inherently translational approach, considering psychopathology in terms of dysregulation and dysfunction in fundamental aspects of behavior as established through basic neuroscience and behavioral science research. (nih.gov)
  • There are shared interests with the Learning, Memory and Decision Neuroscience [LMDN] study section in the area of motivated behavior. (nih.gov)
  • The major RDoC framework consists of a matrix where the rows represent specified functional Constructs , concepts summarizing data about a specified functional dimension of behavior, characterized in aggregate by the genes, molecules, circuits, etc., responsible for it. (nih.gov)
  • To achieve this, we employ novel genetic tools and techniques to dissect conserved feeding circuits with the hopes of furthering our understanding of the behaviors that drive humans to obtain food and ultimately how these behaviors can be manipulated to battle human eating afflictions. (nih.gov)
  • The Neurobiology of Motivated Behavior [NMB] Study Section reviews applications examining the neuronal circuits critical to the mediation of rewarding and negatively motivated behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence. (nih.gov)
  • While domestic violence is the culmination of a complex set of interactions in the environment of the abuser, NIAAA is pursuing research that would identify the impact of alcohol on the brain and behavior of the abuser. (nih.gov)
  • In this way, an agent or a behavior modification that may counteract these effects may be identified, thus preventing domestic violence from occurring. (nih.gov)
  • 15. The role of previous exposure in the appetitive and consummatory effects of orexigenic neuropeptides. (nih.gov)
  • Constructs are in turn grouped into higher-level Domains of functioning, reflecting contemporary knowledge about major systems of cognition, motivation, and social behavior. (nih.gov)
  • Alcohol and food intake are both consummatory behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • Applications with molecular, cellular, and neurocircuitry questions related to memory associated with motivated behavior are generally reviewed in LMDN, whereas applications that address regulation of learning associated with the rewarding and aversive cues, may be reviewed by NMB. (nih.gov)
  • Studies focused on the neuroendocrine or neuroimmune regulation of ingestive behavior (rather than motivational aspects) may be reviewed in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Neuroimmunology, Rhythms, and Sleep [BNRS] . (nih.gov)
  • Studies using genetic animal models started to reveal pivotal roles of NCOAs/NCORs in the brain in regulating hormonal signaling, sexual behaviors, consummatory behaviors, exploratory and locomotor behaviors, moods, learning, and memory. (nih.gov)
  • Need-based prioritization of behavior. (nih.gov)
  • There are shared interests with the Learning, Memory and Decision Neuroscience [LMDN] study section in the area of motivated behavior. (nih.gov)
  • Alcohol and food intake are both consummatory behaviors. (nih.gov)
  • While domestic violence is the culmination of a complex set of interactions in the environment of the abuser, NIAAA is pursuing research that would identify the impact of alcohol on the brain and behavior of the abuser. (nih.gov)
  • With continued intoxication, alcohol leads to dysfunctional behaviors that are thought to be due in part to alterations of these and other neurotransmitter systems, along with alterations in neural pathways connecting prefrontal and limbic structures. (nih.gov)
  • This English/Portuguese vocabulary of terms in animal behavior was prepared under the support of the Brazilian Ethological Society (SBEt). (bvsalud.org)
  • It includes 775 terms taken mainly from Ethology, Experimental and Comparative Psychology, Human and Applied Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and Neuroethology, and provides a basis for the uniform use of terms in Portuguese about animal behavior. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the greatest limitations of much epidemiological and behavioral research on human smoking behavior is that the subjects are self-selected. (nih.gov)
  • In this study we examined the effects of exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide vinclozolin (Vz) on the development of two sex-differentiated behaviors that are organized by the perinatal actions of androgens. (nih.gov)