Constriction pathologic. Medical search

The act of constricting.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

Constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina. It refers also to any reflex involving the iris, with resultant alteration of the diameter of the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

A disorder present in the newborn infant in which constriction rings or bands, causing soft tissue depressions, encircle digits, extremities, or limbs and sometimes the neck, thorax, or abdomen. They may be associated with intrauterine amputations.

The aperture in the iris through which light passes.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM that is characterized by the fibrous scarring and adhesion of both serous layers, the VISCERAL PERICARDIUM and the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM leading to the loss of pericardial cavity. The thickened pericardium severely restricts cardiac filling. Clinical signs include FATIGUE, muscle wasting, and WEIGHT LOSS.

Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.

The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided.

A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The recording of muscular movements. The apparatus is called a myograph, the record or tracing, a myogram. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

21-Amino-acid peptides produced by vascular endothelial cells and functioning as potent vasoconstrictors. The endothelin family consists of three members, ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; and ENDOTHELIN-3. All three peptides contain 21 amino acids, but vary in amino acid composition. The three peptides produce vasoconstrictor and pressor responses in various parts of the body. However, the quantitative profiles of the pharmacological activities are considerably different among the three isopeptides.

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

The subfamily of myosin proteins that are commonly found in muscle fibers. Myosin II is also involved a diverse array of cellular functions including cell division, transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and maintaining MICROVILLI structure.

Surgical excision (total or partial) of a portion of the pericardium. Pericardiotomy refers to incision of the pericardium.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

Veins which return blood from the intestines; the inferior mesenteric vein empties into the splenic vein, the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein to form the portal vein.

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

A process of complicated morphogenetic cell movements that reorganizes a bilayer embryo into one with three GERM LAYERS and specific orientation (dorsal/ventral; anterior/posterior). Gastrulation describes the germ layer development of a non-mammalian BLASTULA or that of a mammalian BLASTOCYST.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.

Central retinal artery and its branches. It arises from the ophthalmic artery, pierces the optic nerve and runs through its center, enters the eye through the porus opticus and branches to supply the retina.

Cell surface proteins that bind ENDOTHELINS with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells.

A subtype of endothelin receptor found predominantly in the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It has a high affinity for ENDOTHELIN-1 and ENDOTHELIN-2.

The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.

The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6)

A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.

The venous trunk which receives blood from the lower extremities and from the pelvic and abdominal organs.

Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.

Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.

One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).

INFLAMMATION of the sac surrounding the heart (PERICARDIUM) due to MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS infection. Pericarditis can lead to swelling (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION), compression of the heart (CARDIAC TAMPONADE), and preventing normal beating of the heart.

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors that mediate contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in a variety of tissues such as ARTERIOLES; VEINS; and the UTERUS. They are usually found on postsynaptic membranes and signal through GQ-G11 G-PROTEINS.

An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE found in southern Africa. They are dark colored and have a variable social structure.

The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.

Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.

Short thick veins which return blood from the kidneys to the vena cava.

Eicosatetraenoic acids substituted in any position by one or more hydroxy groups. They are important intermediates in a series of biosynthetic processes leading from arachidonic acid to a number of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

Cell surface proteins that bind THROMBOXANES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Some thromboxane receptors act via the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

Conditions which affect the structure or function of the pupil of the eye, including disorders of innervation to the pupillary constrictor or dilator muscles, and disorders of pupillary reflexes.

The outer part of the hearing system of the body. It includes the shell-like EAR AURICLE which collects sound, and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL, the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, and the EXTERNAL EAR CARTILAGES.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.

A subclass of eicosanoid receptors that have specificity for THROMBOXANE A2 and PROSTAGLANDIN H2.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A subtype of endothelin receptor found predominantly in the KIDNEY. It may play a role in reducing systemic ENDOTHELIN levels.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.

A layer of the peritoneum which attaches the abdominal viscera to the ABDOMINAL WALL and conveys their blood vessels and nerves.

Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions (TOCOLYSIS). Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete.

A tube of ectodermal tissue in an embryo that will give rise to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, including the SPINAL CORD and the BRAIN. Lumen within the neural tube is called neural canal which gives rise to the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain. For malformation of the neural tube, see NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.

The geometric and structural changes that the HEART VENTRICLES undergo, usually following MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. It comprises expansion of the infarct and dilatation of the healthy ventricle segments. While most prevalent in the left ventricle, it can also occur in the right ventricle.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.

A vessel that directly interconnects an artery and a vein, and that acts as a shunt to bypass the capillary bed. Not to be confused with surgical anastomosis, nor with arteriovenous fistula.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

Synthetic compounds that are analogs of the naturally occurring prostaglandin endoperoxides and that mimic their pharmacologic and physiologic activities. They are usually more stable than the naturally occurring compounds.

Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

Porins are protein molecules that were originally found in the outer membrane of GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA and that form multi-meric channels for the passive DIFFUSION of WATER; IONS; or other small molecules. Porins are present in bacterial CELL WALLS, as well as in plant, fungal, mammalian and other vertebrate CELL MEMBRANES and MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Venoms from SNAKES of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins.

The part of the face that is below the eye and to the side of the nose and mouth.

A system of organs and tissues that process and transport immune cells and LYMPH.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.

Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.

The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit UTERINE CONTRACTION. It is used in pregnant women to arrest PREMATURE LABOR.

A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Sympathectomy using chemicals (e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine or guanethidine) which selectively and reversibly destroy adrenergic nerve endings while leaving cholinergic nerve endings intact.

The movement of the BLOOD as it is pumped through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

The blood pressure in the VEINS. It is usually measured to assess the filling PRESSURE to the HEART VENTRICLE.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

A species of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria found ubiquitously and formerly called Comamonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas acidovorans. It is the type species of the genus DELFTIA.

A group of glycine amides of aminobenzoic acids.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.

A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

A class of drugs that act by inhibition of potassium efflux through cell membranes. Blockade of potassium channels prolongs the duration of ACTION POTENTIALS. They are used as ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS supplying the abdominal VISCERA.

Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).

An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.

Paracrine substances produced by the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM with VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation (VASODILATION) activities. Several factors have been identified, including NITRIC OXIDE and PROSTACYCLIN.

Wasting of the small hand muscles in upper and mid-cervical cord lesions. (1/2176)

Four patients are described with destructive rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine and neurogenic wasting of forearm and hand muscles. The pathological connection is not immediately obvious, but a relationship between these two observations is described here with clinical, radiological, electrophysiological and necropsy findings. Compression of the anterior spinal artery at upper and mid-cervical levels is demonstrated to be the likely cause of changes lower in the spinal cord. These are shown to be due to the resulting ischaemia of the anterior part of the lower cervical spinal cord, with degeneration of the neurones innervating the forearm and hand muscles. These findings favour external compression of the anterior spinal artery leading to ischaemia in a watershed area as the likeliest explanation for this otherwise inappropriate and bizarre phenomenon. (+info)

Investigation of distal aortic compliance and vasodilator responsiveness in heart failure due to proximal aortic stenosis in the guinea pig. (2/2176)

Hypotension and syncope are recognized features of chronic aortic stenosis. This study examined vasomotor responses and dynamic compliance in isolated abdominal aortae after chronic constriction of the ascending aorta. Guinea pigs underwent constriction of the ascending aorta or sham operation. Sections of descending aorta were removed for studies of contractile performance and compliance. Dynamic compliance was measured using a feedback-controlled pulsatile pressure system at frequencies of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 Hz and mean pressures from 40 to 100 mmHg. Chronic (149+/-6 days) aortic constriction resulted in significant increases in organ weight/body weight ratios for left ventricle (58%), right ventricle (100%) and lung (61%). The presence of heart failure was indicated by increased lung weights, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance, reduced cardiac output and increased levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (166%), adrenaline (x20), noradrenaline (106%) and dopamine (x3). Aortic rings showed similar constrictor responses to phenylephrine and angiotensin II, but maximal vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and isoprenaline were significantly increased (144% and 48% respectively). Dilator responses to sodium nitroprusside, forskolin and cromokalim were unchanged. Compliance of all vessels decreased with increasing pulsatile frequency and to a lesser extent with increased mean pressure, but were similar in aortic-constricted and control groups. Chronic constriction of the ascending aorta resulted in heart failure and increased vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and isoprenaline in the distal aorta while dynamic compliance was unchanged. We hypothesize that increased endothelium-mediated vasodilatation may contribute to hypotension and syncope in patients with left ventricular outflow obstruction. (+info)

Prenatal features of ductus arteriosus constriction and restrictive foramen ovale in d-transposition of the great arteries. (3/2176)

BACKGROUND: Although most neonates with d-transposition of the great arteries (TGA) have an uncomplicated preoperative course, some with a restrictive foramen ovale (FO), ductus arteriosus (DA) constriction, or pulmonary hypertension may be severely hypoxemic and even die shortly after birth. Our goal was to determine whether prenatal echocardiography can identify these high-risk fetuses with TGA. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the prenatal and postnatal echocardiograms and outcomes of 16 fetuses with TGA/intact ventricular septum or small ventricular septal defect. Of the 16 fetuses, 6 prenatally had an abnormal FO (fixed position, flat, and/or redundant septum primum). Five of the 6 had restrictive FO at birth. Five fetuses had DA narrowing at the pulmonary artery end in utero, and 6 had a small DA (diameter z score of <-2.0). Of 4 fetuses with the most diminutive DA, 2 also had an abnormal appearance of the FO, and both died immediately after birth. One other fetus had persistent pulmonary hypertension. Eight fetuses had abnormal Doppler flow pattern in the DA (continuous high-velocity flow, n=1; retrograde diastolic flow, n=7). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal features of the FO, DA, or both are present in fetuses with TGA at high risk for postnatal hypoxemia. These features may result from the abnormal intrauterine hemodynamics in TGA. A combination of restrictive FO and DA constriction in TGA may be associated with early neonatal death. (+info)

Surgical transluminal iliac angioplasty with selective stenting: long-term results assessed by means of duplex scanning. (4/2176)

PURPOSE: The safety of iliac angioplasty and selective stenting performed in the operating room by vascular surgeons was evaluated, and the short- and long-term results were assessed by means of serial duplex scanning. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1996, 281 iliac stenotic or occlusive lesions in 235 consecutive patients with chronic limb ischemia were treated by means of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone (n = 214) or PTA with stent (n = 67, 23.8%). There were 260 primary lesions and 21 restenosis after a first PTA, which were analyzed separately. Stents were implanted in selected cases, either primarily in totally occluded arteries or after suboptimum results of PTA (ie, residual stenosis or a dissection). Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Results were reported in an intention-to-treat basis. Clinical results and patency were evaluated by means of symptom assessment, ankle brachial pressure index, and duplex scanning at discharge and 1, 3, 6, and every 12 months after angioplasty. To identify factors that may affect outcome, 12 clinical and radiological variables, including the four categories of lesions defined by the Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, were analyzed separately. The statistical significances of life-table analysis of patency were determined by means of the log-rank test. RESULTS: There were no postoperative deaths or amputations. Local, general, and vascular complications occurred in 2.1%, 1.3% and 4.7% of cases, respectively (total, 8.1%). The mean follow-up period was 29.6 months. The cumulative patency rates +/- SE of the 260 PTAs (including 55 PTAs plus stents) were 92.9% +/- 1.5% at 1 month, 86. 5% +/- 1.7% at 1 year, 81.2% +/- 2.3% at 2 years, 78.8% +/- 2.9% at 3 years, and 75.4% +/- 3.5% at 5 and 6 years. The two-year patency rate of 21 redo PTAs (including 11 PTAs plus stents) was 79.1% +/- 18.2%. Of 12 predictable variables studied in the first PTA group, only the category of the lesion was predictive of long-term patency. The two-year patency rate was 84% +/- 3% for 199 category 1 lesions and 69.7% +/- 6.5% for 61 category 2, 3, and 4 lesions together (P =. 02). There was no difference of patency in the stented and nonstented group. CONCLUSION: Iliac PTA alone or with the use of a stent (in cases of occlusion and/or suboptimal results of PTA) offers an excellent long-term patency rate. Categorization of lesions remains useful in predicting long-term outcome. PTA can be performed safely by vascular surgeons in the operating room and should be considered to be the primary treatment for localized iliac occlusive disease. (+info)

Plaque area increase and vascular remodeling contribute to lumen area change after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: an intravascular ultrasound study. (5/2176)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the change in lumen area (LA), plaque area (PLA), and vessel area (VA) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the femoropopliteal artery. METHODS: This was a prospective study. Twenty patients were studied with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) immediately after PTA and at follow-up examination. Multiple corresponding IVUS cross-sections were analyzed at the segments that were dilated by PTA (ie, treated sites; n = 168), including the most stenotic site (n = 20) and the nondilated segments (ie, reference sites; n = 77). RESULTS: At follow-up examination, both the PLA increase (13%) and the VA decrease (9%) resulted in a significant LA decrease (43%) at the most stenotic sites (P =.001). At the treated sites, the LA decrease (15%) was smaller and was caused by the PLA increase (15%). At the reference sites, the PLA increase (15%) and the VA increase (6%) resulted in a slight LA decrease (3%). An analysis of the IVUS cross-sections that were grouped according to LA change (difference >/=10%) revealed a similar PLA increase in all the groups: the type of vascular remodeling (VA decrease, no change, or increase) determined the LA change. At the treated sites, the LA change and the VA change correlated closely (r = 0.77, P <.001). At the treated sites, significantly more PLA increase was seen in the IVUS cross-sections that showed hard lesion or media rupture (P <.05). No relationship was found between the presence of dissection and the quantitative changes. CONCLUSION: At the most stenotic sites, lumen narrowing was caused by plaque increase and vessel shrinkage. Both the treated sites and the reference sites showed a significant PLA increase: the type of vascular remodeling determined the LA change at follow-up examination. The extent of the PLA increase was significantly larger in the IVUS cross-sections that showed hard lesion or media rupture. (+info)

Lobar decrease in 99mTc-GSA accumulation in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. (6/2176)

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma can obstruct hepatic ducts and involve the portal veins. Both biliary stasis and decrease in portal venous flow are known to reduce 99mTc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) accumulation. The specific relationship between these pathological conditions due to hilar cholangiocarcinomas and 99mTc-GSA accumulation has never been clarified. METHODS: Sixteen patients with hilar cholangiocarcinomas who underwent 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy were reviewed. The relationship between significant decrease in 99mTc-GSA accumulation and lobar biliary stasis, or decrease in the portal venous flow, was evaluated. Average counts of region of interest placed in both right and left lobes were compared in the same transaxial SPECT section. Count ratios of right and left lobes were calculated. RESULTS: Significant lobar decrease in 99mTc-GSA accumulation was observed in 6 of the 16 patients. Ipsilateral portal venous stenosis or obstruction was seen in all these 6 patients, whereas ipsilateral portal venous stenosis or obstruction was seen in only 1 of the other 10 patients. Symmetric bile duct dilatation was seen in 13 patients, and asymmetric bile duct dilatation was seen in 3. Lobar decrease in 99mTc-GSA accumulation correlated well with decrease in ipsilateral portal venous flow (P < 0.0005). The count ratio was significantly reduced when unilateral portal venous flow decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Using 99mTc-GSA liver scintigraphy, we can predict lobar decrease in ipsilateral portal venous flow and monitor hepatic functional lateralities in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinomas. (+info)

Origin of acinar cell regeneration after atrophy of the rat parotid induced by duct obstruction. (7/2176)

Acinar cell regeneration in the rat parotid gland after atrophy induced by a one week period of duct obstruction was examined using histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For immunohistochemistry, antibodies to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), injected one hour before tissue collection, and cytokeratin were employed. When clips were removed from the duct, only ductal epithelial cells remained; all acinar cells had been deleted. Some duct cells were BrdU positive. After three days, newly-formed acini comprising immature acinar cells had appeared; many of the cells were BrdU positive and mitotic figures were readily identified. Thereafter progressive acinar cell maturation and proliferation occurred, parotid gland weight returning to control levels by 7 days. Peak BrdU labelling indices for duct and acinar cells were on days 0 and 4, respectively. By TEM, cytoplasmic organelles in epithelial cells of transitional duct-acinar structures seen at 2 days were poorly developed. Immature acinar cells seen on day 3 contained zymogen granules and had increased endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. By day 5, maturing acinar cells had abundant endoplasmic reticulum and zymogen granules, resembling acinar cells in control glands. These observations indicated origin of acinar cell precursors from duct cells during regeneration of the acinar cell-free atrophic gland. Subsequent expansion of the acinar cell population was dependent on maturation and proliferation of these newly-formed cells. (+info)

Long-term results and outcomes of crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting: A 24-year experience. (8/2176)

OBJECTIVE: The outcome of crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting in patients with stenosis or occlusion of the innominate or subclavian arteries was investigated. METHODS: The study was designed as a retrospective clinical study in a university hospital setting with 61 patients as the basis of the study. Fifty-eight patients (95.1%) had at least two risk factors or associated medical illnesses for atherosclerosis, and 35 patients (57.4%) had concomitant carotid artery stenosis that necessitated a staged procedure in 12 patients (19.7%). The patients underwent a total of 63 crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting procedures. Demographics, risk factors and associated medical illnesses, preoperative symptoms and angiographic data, blood flow inversion in the vertebral artery, concomitant carotid artery disease, graft shape, caliber and material, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were studied to assess the specific influence in determining the outcome. RESULTS: One postoperative death (1.6%), four early graft thromboses (6.2%), and six minor complications (9. 8%) occurred. The overall mortality and morbidity rates were 1.6% and 16.1%, respectively. During the follow-up period (mean, 97.3 +/- 7.9 months), we observed five graft thromboses (8.3%). Primary and secondary patency rates at 5 and 10 years were 86.5% and 82.8% and 88.1% and 84.3%, respectively. Overall, two patients (3.3%) had recurrence of upper limb symptoms and none had recurrence of symptoms in the carotid or vertebrobasilar territory. The 5-year and 10-year symptom-free interval rates were 97.7% and 93.5%, respectively. Nine patients (15%) died of unrelated causes. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 93.2% and 67.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that no specific variables exerted an influence in the short-term and long-term results and the outcome. CONCLUSION: The optimal outcome of axilloaxillary bypass grafting supports its use as the most valuable surgical alternative to transthoracic anatomic reconstructions for innominate lesion, long stenosis of the subclavian artery, and short subclavian artery stenosis associated with ispilateral carotid artery lesions. (+info)

"Scanzoni's second os": (pathologic retraction ring) A constriction at the junction of the thinned lower uterine segment with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Scanzoni_von_Lichtenfels

Bandl is remembered for his description of the uterine contraction ring, a constriction located at the junction of the corpus ... This structure is sometimes referred to as the "pathologic retraction ring", or as "Bandl's ring of contraction". Ludwig Bandl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Bandl

Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disea. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4377-0792-2. Shin D1, Minn KW. ( ... leads to physical deformity characterized by skin constriction and functional limitations. Wound contractures may be seen after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wound_contracture

Vascular tone is defined as the degree of constriction inside a blood vessel relative to its maximum diameter. Pathogenic ... but also yield a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind pathologic changes in small arteries and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

This vasoconstriction can result in non-occlusive ischemic colitis.[citation needed] A range of pathologic findings are seen in ... Non-occlusive ischemia develops because of low blood pressure or constriction of the vessels feeding the colon; occlusive ... With more severe ischemia, a pathologic picture resembling inflammatory bowel disease (i.e. chronic ulcerations, crypt ... or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_colitis

The UCSF Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score predicts both pathologic status and recurrence after surgery. It ... Other nonpharmacological therapy includes vacuum constriction devices and penile implants. Psychological interventions such as ... Several tools are available to help predict outcomes, such as pathologic stage and recurrence after surgery or radiation ... The Partin tables predict pathologic outcomes (margin status, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle invasion) based on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Constriction of the afferent arterioles causes a decrease in the intraglomerular pressure, reducing GFR proportionally. Renin ... Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 960, 1012. ISBN 0-7216-0187 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotemia

The sympathetic response activates alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, causing constriction of the body's arteries. This constriction ... These are simply pathologic waves seen in HR tracings (i.e., arterial lines, electrocardiograph (ECG, etc.), which reflect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing_reflex

As with most other capillary beds in the body, the constriction of afferent arterioles increases the arteriolar resistance, ... Kumar, Abbas; Fausto, Aster (2010). "11". Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 493. ISBN 978-1-4160- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin–angiotensin_system

2005). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). China: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-0187-8.[page needed] Gupta, ... Vasospasm, referring to blood vessel constriction, can occur secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage following a ruptured aneurysm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracranial_aneurysm

Vascular theory: Postulates that increases in capillary pressure, constriction of veins, and shunting of blood through ... pathologic horn), leading to a poor bridge between P3 and the hoof capsule. This will lead to irregular horn growth and chronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminitis

Following the discovery in 1997 of severe persistent visual field constriction as a possible side-effect, vigabatrin ... radiologic-pathologic correlation". Radiographics. 25 (3): 803-28. doi:10.1148/rg.253055006. PMID 15888627. Van der Hoeve J ( ... with a discussion of related pathologic entities". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 8 (6): 395-403. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.1981 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_tuberous_sclerosis

In certain urgent cases, direct constriction also occurs, in which bronchodilators allow the airway to dilate. Tobacco smoking ... Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease (Sixth Edition), Mosby, pp. 724-804.e2, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35775-3.00013-8, ISBN 978 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoker's_macrophages

This methylation of FMR1 in chromosome band Xq27.3 is believed to result in constriction of the X chromosome which appears ' ... Jordan JA, Regezi JJ, Sciubba RC (2008). "15". Oral pathology : clinical pathologic correlations (5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile_X_syndrome

After AMR constriction is complete, two secondary septums are formed by glucans. How the AMR ring dissembles remains poorly ... Pongpanich M, Patchsung M, Mutirangura A (2018). "Pathologic Replication-Independent Endogenous DNA Double-Strand Breaks Repair ... The first event is contractile actomyosin ring (AMR) constriction and the second event is formation of the primary septum (PS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae

Constriction is more serious than dilation, as the former causes irreversible cell damage and death. Minor mechanisms that may ... Kumar A, Abbas AK, Aster JC (2015). Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (9th ed.). Elsevier. pp. 821-881. ISBN 978-0 ... In case of narrowing of the common bile duct, a stent can be placed after dilating the constriction to resolve the obstruction ... Morotti RA, Jain D (June 2013). "Pediatric Cholestatic Disorders: Approach to Pathologic Diagnosis". Surgical Pathology Clinics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

There follows subsequent airway constriction and inflammation. The study showed that the inhalation of unfragmented hyaluronan ... Wright JL, Churg A (2008). "Pathologic Features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnostic Criteria and Differential ... usually as a result of smoking damage and the constant mucus secretion and airway constriction leads to the symptoms of cough, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease

These effects include changes in behavior and objective signs, such as constriction of the pupil, depression of the respiratory ... with pathologic associations when used in a psychiatric context. As a sign of cerebral disease, it was described as bland and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoria

Constriction, Pathologic * Disability Evaluation * Female * Humans * Iron / analysis* * Italy * Jugular Veins / pathology* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351672/

Constriction, Pathologic. Pathological Conditions, Anatomical. Spinal Diseases. Bone Diseases. Musculoskeletal Diseases. To Top ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00401518?term=facet+globus&rank=1

Pathologic Constriction 11% * Das Delir im Krankenhaus. Baum, S. & Radtke, F. M., mar. 2022, I: Krankenhauspharmazie. 43, 3, s ...

https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/organisations/nyk%C3%B8bing-falster-sygehus

... with demonstrated PEff on imaging and continued evidence of constriction even after PEff drainage. Similar to other pathologic ... Table 4. Echocardiography findings of constriction. Dilated inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. ... as some patients with constriction have a normal-thickness pericardium.[6,9,45,46] Additional imaging with CT or CMR should be ... CMR demonstrates both the structural abnormality of the pericardium and evidence of the pathologic hemodynamics with real-time ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/837092_3

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 29% * Therapeutics Medicine & Life Sciences 11% View full fingerprint ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/treatment-of-outflow-tract-problems-associated-with-continent-ile-3

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 76% * Calcium Medicine & Life Sciences 49% * Arteries Medicine & Life Sciences ... Previous pathologic comparisons have failed to detail such a relation in identical histologic sections. This finding may be due ... Previous pathologic comparisons have failed to detail such a relation in identical histologic sections. This finding may be due ... Previous pathologic comparisons have failed to detail such a relation in identical histologic sections. This finding may be due ...

https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/arterial-calcification-and-not-lumen-stenosis-is-highly-correlate

Pathologic Constriction 23% * Population 23% * Baseline silent cerebral infarction in the asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/organisations/neurology-3/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=type&descending=false&page=6

Constriction, Pathologic 1 0 Coronary Artery Disease 1 1 Adenocarcinoma 1 0 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=PRKAB1&geneID=5564&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 33% * Atherosclerotic Plaques Medicine & Life Sciences 11% ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/superior-risk-stratification-with-coronary-computed-tomography-an-2

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 65% * Routine Diagnostic Tests Medicine & Life Sciences 25% ...

https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/validity-of-duplex-ultrasound-as-a-diagnostic-modality-for-intern

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 15% View full fingerprint Cite this. * APA ...

https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/pregnancy-in-a-patient-with-primary-sclerosing-cholangitis

Nerve tissue damage is the major pathologic feature of exposure to alkyl-mercury-compounds. Chronic effects include ... concentric constriction of visual fields, hearing loss, emotional disturbances, and mental impairment. A list of ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=genetic&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=genetic&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=68&RecNo=679&View=f&

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=Hearing%2A&f1=%2A&s2=&PageNo=208&RecNo=2073&View=f&

Stricture -- See Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structures being constricted beyond normal dimensions ... Strictures -- See Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structures being constricted beyond normal ...

https://library.deakin.edu.au/search~S1?/dStretching+exercises+--+Handbooks%2C+manuals%2C+etc./dstretching+exercises+handbooks+manuals+etc/47,-1,0,B/browse

Keywords: Antihypertensive Agents, Asymptomatic Diseases, Cardiology Interventions, Constriction, Pathologic, Coronary ...

https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2018/12/14/14/59/2018-AUC-for-Peripheral-Artery-Intervention

Pathologic Constriction 17% 5 Citations (Scopus) * Nosocomial infection by human bocavirus and human rhinovirus among ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/hisato-kobayashi/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false

Aorta-left renal vein fistula syndrome caused by rupture of a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: Novel pathologic mechanism ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/organisations/division-of-general-surgery/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=type&descending=false&page=4

Pathologic Constriction 95% * Hemodynamics 88% * Stroke 81% * Middle Cerebral Artery 51% 44 Scopus citations ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/helmi-lutsep/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false&page=2

Dive into the research topics of Significant differences in the postoperative morphological and hemodynamic conditions of carotid arteries of patients undergoing stenting or endarterectomy with patch angioplasty. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/significant-differences-in-the-postoperative-morphological-and-he/fingerprints/

Pathologic Constriction 62% * Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization 53% * Biopsy 21% 1 Scopus citations ...

https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/organisations/int-med-digestv-liver-dis-2/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=true&page=1

Constriction, Pathologic MH - Coronary Circulation MH - Coronary Disease/physiopathology MH - *Coronary Vessels MH - Dogs MH - ...

https://www.leydesdorff.net/pubmed/data.txt

Constriction, Pathologic 1 0 Obesity 1 0 Uniparental Disomy 1 0 Coronary Restenosis 1 0 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=TGFA&geneID=7039&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

Constriction, Pathologic 1 0 Anorexia 1 0 Aptitude 1 0 Body Weight 1 0 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=BDNF&geneID=627&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

Constriction, Pathologic Entry term(s). Constriction, Pathological Constrictions, Pathologic Pathologic Constriction Pathologic ... Constrictions, Pathologic. Pathologic Constriction. Pathologic Constrictions. Pathological Constriction. Stenoses. Stenosis. ... Constriction, Pathologic - Preferred Concept UI. M0005049. Scope note. The condition of an anatomical structures being ... 76; was included in CONSTRICTION see under PHYSIOLOGY 1975. Online Note:. search CONSTRICTION 1968-75 (as Prov 1968-74, as Cat ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=3270&filter=ths_exact_term&q=PATHOLOGIC+CONSTRICTION

1 Constriction, Pathologic. *1 Hypertension, Renal --prevention .... *1 India. *1 Liver Abscess, Amebic --diagnosis ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/1/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&filter_field_1=subject&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=Child&filter_field_2=subject&filter_type_2=equals&filter_value_2=Child%2C+Preschool&filter_field_3=author&filter_type_3=equals&filter_value_3=Walia%2C+B+N&filter_field_4=subject&filter_type_4=equals&filter_value_4=Humans&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Pathak%2C+I+C&filtertype=equals

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 15% * Pelvic Exenteration Medicine & Life Sciences 14% ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-rectus-abdominis-myocutaneous-flap-modifications-complication-2

Pathologic Constriction Medicine & Life Sciences 15% * Mandibulofacial Dysostosis Medicine & Life Sciences 14% ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/microtia-grade-as-an-indicator-of-middle-ear-development-in-aural

Ileum, Humans, Tuberculosis, Urogenital, Ureteral Diseases, Constriction, Pathologic, Urography, Adult, Male, Urinary Bladder ...

https://www.well.ox.ac.uk/publications/367816

... both in normal and pathologic cases. RESULTS: The obtained results showed several physical phenomena, such as the horizontal ... and vortex formation after the glottal constriction are reproduced by the model. Additionally, theoretical studies about some ...

https://www.scielo.br/j/rboto/i/2003.v69n1/

4. Constriction of the carotid-renal artery to reduce mean renal arterial pressure to 23 +/- 4 mmHg (n = 4) resulted in an increase in systemic mean arterial pressure from 70 +/- 4 mmHg to 75 +/- 4 mmHg within 5 min. (duke.edu)
Systemic blood pressure further increased to 110 +/- 7 mmHg with 2 h of constriction, when renal arterial pressure had increased to 45 +/- 2 mmHg. (duke.edu)

Pathologic phimosis is typically described as a foreskin that cannot be pulled back over the head of the penis, due to scarring or stricture of the foreskin. (drgreene.com)

Prospective multi-arm evaluation of surgical treatments for vocal fold scar and pathologic sulcus vocalis. (medscape.com)

Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of the globular glial tauopathy subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration in right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia with salient features of Geschwind syndrome. (harvard.edu)
MRI is used widely in clinical practice to distinguish pathologic tissue from normal tissue. (materialstoday.com)

Nerve tissue damage is the major pathologic feature of exposure to alkyl-mercury-compounds. (cdc.gov)

Steroid cream may be recommended in the case of pathologic phimosis as a first option, before considering a surgical repair. (drgreene.com)

[ 1 ] The localized constriction may form a shelflike structure with an eccentric opening or may be a membranous curtainlike structure with a central or eccentric opening. (medscape.com)

There is a common condition called phimosis, which is a constriction of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be drawn back over the tip of the penis. (drgreene.com)

AIM: Its objective is to provide a new tool to the discipline of otorhinolaryngology in order to better understand the physical phenomena present in phonation, both in normal and pathologic cases. (scielo.br)

Types of field loss may include bitemporal loss, concentric constriction, and enlarged blind spots. (medscape.com)

Echocardiogram showed mildly depressed left ventricular function and intermittent interventricular septal displacement in diastole, but no other findings diagnostic of pericardial constriction were noted. (nih.gov)
Based on a presumptive diagnosis of pericardial constriction, the patient underwent cardiac catheterization. (nih.gov)
A transthoracic echocardiogram ( figure 1B,C ) showed signs of pericardial constriction with a markedly dilated inferior vena cava that did not collapse with inspiration, apparent pericardial thickening with septal bounce ( video 1 of the supplementary data ), annulus reversus (lateral e' figure 1D,E ), and hepatic vein expiratory flow reversal ( figure 1F ). (revespcardiol.org)

Localized therapy may curtail such side-effects so a topical gabapentin dermal application was examined in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. (nih.gov)
This inflammatory response is also seen in the rodent chronic nerve constriction injury model that is produced by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve. (nih.gov)
Also, sperm poses sclerosus should see of sexual time an spreads zone of muscles, poor that, the constriction can chronic. (izumikanagata.com)

Cardiac dysfunction or neuropathic pain is the representative pathologic condition with an α 2 δ-1 subunit disorder. (epain.org)

To simulate cardiac injury in the mice, researchers conducted a procedure called trans-aortic constriction to restrict blood flow through the heart. (fightaging.org)
Mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of subunit 1 of MPC (cMPC1-/-) developed age-dependent pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, transitioning to a dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death. (internalmedicineiowa.org)

Asthma is a pulmonary disease characterized by airway constriction and inflammation. (medscape.com)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are short-lived, hormone-like, biochemically active lipids that regulate numerous physiologic and pathologic processes. (medscape.com)
and in adipocytes, where it can be activated by the combination of dietary vanilloids, endovanilloids, and pro-inflammatory factors while the intracellular calcium signaling that this initiates can regulate processes as diverse as muscle constriction, cell differentiation, and carcinogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

The presence of constriction rings makes the limb anomalies in this case similar to those seen in the amniotic band disruption sequence. (nih.gov)

Multiple factors play a role in this pathologic reaction of the airways. (medscape.com)

Evidence-based research appears to be an association between symptoms, pathologic changes, and depressed protein c and no further anesthetic should be performed precisely, gently, and in the ed. (dvas.org)

Nerve tissue damage is the major pathologic feature of exposure to alkyl-mercury-compounds. (cdc.gov)

constriction ring a contracted area of the uterus, where the resistance of the uterine contents is slight, as over a depression in the contour of the fetus, or below the presenting part. (thefreedictionary.com)

Literature review: The pathologic deposition of cement increases proportionally as the patient's age increases. (bvsalud.org)

Although concurrent short-term KDs did not rescue cMPC1-/- hearts from rapid decompensation and early mortality after pressure overload, 3 weeks of a KD before transverse aortic constriction was sufficient to rescue this phenotype. (internalmedicineiowa.org)

This allows detection and prevention of any pathologic condition prior to any loss of quality in the organs. (ihunter4025.com)

Author(s): Milionis HJ, Alexandrides GE, Liberopoulos EN, Bairaktari ET, Goudevenos J, Elisaf MS. care: European Journal of Heart molecule: Journal of the Working Group on Heart efficiency of the European Society of Cardiology. (seabaygame.com)

Pathologic attack According cases, The by: The samples, easy later, of as children were grooming be. (izumikanagata.com)

Rates of pathologic upstaging, downstaging, complete response, and positive margins were not significantly different between the groups. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy54

Organisms13

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs89

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes45

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Geographicals1

Wasting of the small hand muscles in upper and mid-cervical cord lesions. (1/2176)

Investigation of distal aortic compliance and vasodilator responsiveness in heart failure due to proximal aortic stenosis in the guinea pig. (2/2176)

Prenatal features of ductus arteriosus constriction and restrictive foramen ovale in d-transposition of the great arteries. (3/2176)

Surgical transluminal iliac angioplasty with selective stenting: long-term results assessed by means of duplex scanning. (4/2176)

Plaque area increase and vascular remodeling contribute to lumen area change after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery: an intravascular ultrasound study. (5/2176)

Lobar decrease in 99mTc-GSA accumulation in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. (6/2176)

Origin of acinar cell regeneration after atrophy of the rat parotid induced by duct obstruction. (7/2176)

Long-term results and outcomes of crossover axilloaxillary bypass grafting: A 24-year experience. (8/2176)

Constriction

Vasoconstriction

Constriction, Pathologic

Arterioles

Ductus Arteriosus

Vasoconstrictor Agents

Reflex, Pupillary

Bronchoconstriction

Amniotic Band Syndrome

Pupil

Vasodilation

Muscle Tonus

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Pericarditis, Constrictive

Cardiomegaly

Pia Mater

Dogs

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Cerebral Arteries

Mesenteric Arteries

Vascular Resistance

Hyperesthesia

Pressure

Vasomotor System

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid

Phenylephrine

Sciatic Neuropathy

Blood Pressure

Actomyosin

Arteries

Microcirculation

Coronary Vessels

Norepinephrine

Neuralgia

Cytokinesis

Endothelin-1

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Potassium Chloride

Regional Blood Flow

Endothelium, Vascular

Indomethacin

Acetylcholine

Disease Models, Animal

Myography

Bronchial Spasm

Nitric Oxide

Vasodilator Agents

Rats, Wistar

Airway Resistance

Hemodynamics

Perfusion

Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2

Pulmonary Artery

Muscle Contraction

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Sciatic Nerve

Trachea

Enzyme Inhibitors

Endothelins

Hyperalgesia

Myosin Type II

Pericardiectomy

Aorta

Hydrazines

Angiotensin II

Serotonin

Thromboxane A2

Mesenteric Veins

Methacholine Chloride

Gastrulation

Venules

Myocardium

Time Factors

Analgesics

Basilar Artery

Retinal Artery

Receptors, Endothelin

Receptor, Endothelin A

Cell Shape

Calcium