Consensus. Medical search

General agreement or collective opinion; the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Presentations of summary statements representing the majority agreement of physicians, scientists, and other professionals convening for the purpose of reaching a consensus--often with findings and recommendations--on a subject of interest. The Conference, consisting of participants representing the scientific and lay viewpoints, is a significant means of evaluating current medical thought and reflects the latest advances in research for the respective field being addressed.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An iterative questionnaire designed to measure consensus among individual responses. In the classic Delphi approach, there is no interaction between responder and interviewer.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Articles on conferences sponsored by NIH presenting summary statements representing the majority agreement of physicians, scientists, and other professionals convening for the purpose of reaching a consensus on a subject of interest. This heading is used for NIH consensus conferences as a means of scientific communication. In indexing it is viewed as a type of review article and as a tag for any article appearing in any publication of the NIH Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR).

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Societies whose membership is limited to physicians.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Presentation of pertinent data by one with special skill or knowledge representing mastery of a particular subject.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression. IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Recommendations for directing health planning functions and policies. These may be mandated by PL93-641 and issued by the Department of Health and Human Services for use by state and local planning agencies.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.

A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.

A proprotein convertase with specificity for the proproteins of PROALBUMIN; COMPLEMENT 3C; and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. It has specificity for cleavage near paired ARGININE residues that are separated by two amino acids.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

Proteins found in any species of virus.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Two-dimensional separation and analysis of nucleotides.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

A sequential pattern of amino acids occurring more than once in the same protein sequence.

A subspecialty of medical oncology and radiology concerned with the radiotherapy of cancer.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

The administration of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient by means other than normal eating. It does not include FLUID THERAPY which normalizes body fluids to restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

The first nucleotide of a transcribed DNA sequence where RNA polymerase (DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE) begins synthesizing the RNA transcript.

Nucleotide sequences located at the ends of EXONS and recognized in pre-messenger RNA by SPLICEOSOMES. They are joined during the RNA SPLICING reaction, forming the junctions between exons.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

RNA transcripts of the DNA that are in some unfinished stage of post-transcriptional processing (RNA PROCESSING, POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL) required for function. RNA precursors may undergo several steps of RNA SPLICING during which the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the introns are excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. Resulting mature RNAs can then be used; for example, mature mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER) is used as a template for protein production.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

A broad approach to appropriate coordination of the entire disease treatment process that often involves shifting away from more expensive inpatient and acute care to areas such as preventive medicine, patient counseling and education, and outpatient care. This concept includes implications of appropriate versus inappropriate therapy on the overall cost and clinical outcome of a particular disease. (From Hosp Pharm 1995 Jul;30(7):596)

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

In eukaryotes, a genetic unit consisting of a noncontiguous group of genes under the control of a single regulator gene. In bacteria, regulons are global regulatory systems involved in the interplay of pleiotropic regulatory domains and consist of several OPERONS.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.

Published materials which provide an examination of recent or current literature. Review articles can cover a wide range of subject matter at various levels of completeness and comprehensiveness based on analyses of literature that may include research findings. The review may reflect the state of the art. It also includes reviews as a literary form.

A protein which is a subunit of RNA polymerase. It effects initiation of specific RNA chains from DNA.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (1/739)

Research that is initiated, designed or funded by sponsor agencies based in countries with relatively high social and economic development, and conducted in countries that are relatively less developed, gives rise to many important ethical challenges. Although clinical trials of HIV vaccines began ten years ago in the US and Europe, an increasing number of trials are now being conducted or planned in other countries, including several that are considered "developing" countries. Safeguarding the rights and welfare of individuals participating as research subjects in developing countries is a priority. In September, 1997, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) embarked on a process of international consultation; its purpose was further to define the important ethical issues and to formulate guidance that might facilitate the ethical design and conduct of HIV vaccine trials in international contexts. This paper summarises the major outcomes of the UNAIDS consultative process. (+info)

Clinical ethics committees and the formulation of health care policy. (2/739)

For some time, clinical ethics committees (CECs) have been a prominent feature of hospitals in North America. Such committees are less common in the United Kingdom and Europe. Focusing on the UK, this paper evaluates why CECs have taken so long to evolve and assesses the roles that they should play in health care policy and clinical decision making. Substantive and procedural moral issues in medicine are differentiated, the former concerning ethicolegal principles and their paradigmatic application to clinical practice and the latter dealing with how such application should be negotiated in the face of disagreement and/or uncertainty. It will be argued that the role of CECs is both substantive and procedural. Provided that they do not overstep their appropriate moral and professional boundaries, CECs will be shown to have an important and positive function in improving hospital care within the UK and elsewhere. (+info)

Quality and methods of developing practice guidelines. (3/739)

BACKGROUND: It is not known whether there are differences in the quality and recommendations between evidence-based (EB) and consensus-based (CB) guidelines. We used breast cancer guidelines as a case study to assess for these differences. METHODS: Five different instruments to evaluate the quality of guidelines were identified by a literature search. We also searched MEDLINE and the Internet to locate 8 breast cancer guidelines. These guidelines were classified in three categories: evidence based, consensus based and consensus based with no explicit consideration of evidence (CB-EB). Each guideline was evaluated by three of the authors using each of the instruments. For each guideline we assessed the agreement among 14 decision points which were selected from the NCCN (National Cancer Comprehensive Network) guidelines algorithm. For each decision point we recorded the level of the quality of the information used to support it. A regression analysis was performed to assess if the percentage of high quality evidence used in the guidelines development was related to the overall quality of the guidelines. RESULTS: Three guidelines were classified as EB, three as CB-EB and two as CB. The EB guidelines scored better than CB, with the CB-EB scoring in the middle among all instruments for guidelines quality assessment. No major disagreement in recommendations was detected among the guidelines regardless of the method used for development, but the EB guidelines had a better agreement with the benchmark guideline for any decision point. When the source of evidence used to support decision were of high quality, we found a higher level of full agreement among the guidelines' recommendations. Up to 94% of variation in the quality score among guidelines could be explained by the quality of evidence used for guidelines development. CONCLUSION: EB guidelines have a better quality than CB guidelines and CB-EB guidelines. Explicit use of high quality evidence can lead to a better agreement among recommendations. However, no major disagreement among guidelines was noted regardless of the method for their development. (+info)

Inter-rater agreement in the scoring of abstracts submitted to a primary care research conference. (4/739)

BACKGROUND: Checklists for peer review aim to guide referees when assessing the quality of papers, but little evidence exists on the extent to which referees agree when evaluating the same paper. The aim of this study was to investigate agreement on dimensions of a checklist between two referees when evaluating abstracts submitted for a primary care conference. METHODS: Anonymised abstracts were scored using a structured assessment comprising seven categories. Between one (poor) and four (excellent) marks were awarded for each category, giving a maximum possible score of 28 marks. Every abstract was assessed independently by two referees and agreement measured using intraclass correlation coefficients. Mean total scores of abstracts accepted and rejected for the meeting were compared using an unpaired t test. RESULTS: Of 52 abstracts, agreement between reviewers was greater for three components relating to study design (adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients 0.40 to 0.45) compared to four components relating to more subjective elements such as the importance of the study and likelihood of provoking discussion (0.01 to 0.25). Mean score for accepted abstracts was significantly greater than those that were rejected (17.4 versus 14.6, 95% CI for difference 1.3 to 4.1, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that inclusion of subjective components in a review checklist may result in greater disagreement between reviewers. However in terms of overall quality scores, abstracts accepted for the meeting were rated significantly higher than those that were rejected. (+info)

Priority setting for new technologies in medicine: a transdisciplinary study. (5/739)

BACKGROUND: Decision makers in health care organizations struggle with how to set priorities for new technologies in medicine. Traditional approaches to priority setting for new technologies in medicine are insufficient and there is no widely accepted model that can guide decision makers. DISCUSSION: Daniels and Sabin have developed an ethically based account about how priority setting decisions should be made. We have developed an empirically based account of how priority setting decisions are made. In this paper, we integrate these two accounts into a transdisciplinary model of priority setting for new technologies in medicine that is both ethically and empirically based. SUMMARY: We have developed a transdisciplinary model of priority setting that provides guidance to decision makers that they can operationalize to help address priority setting problems in their institution. (+info)

Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients. (6/739)

BACKGROUND: Intensivists must provide enough analgesia and sedation to ensure dying patients receive good palliative care. However, if it is perceived that too much is given, they risk prosecution for committing euthanasia. The goal of this study is to develop consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients that help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia. METHODS: Using the Delphi technique, panelists rated levels of agreement with statements describing how analgesics and sedatives should be given to dying ICU patients and how palliative care should be distinguished from euthanasia. Participants were drawn from 3 panels: 1) Canadian Academic Adult Intensive Care Fellowship program directors and Intensive Care division chiefs (N = 9); 2) Deputy chief provincial coroners (N = 5); 3) Validation panel of Intensivists attending the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group meeting (N = 12). RESULTS: After three Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved on 16 statements encompassing the role of palliative care in the intensive care unit, the management of pain and suffering, current areas of controversy, and ways of improving palliative care in the ICU. CONCLUSION: Consensus guidelines were developed to guide the administration of analgesics and sedatives to dying ICU patients and to help distinguish palliative care from euthanasia. (+info)

Development of the Knee Standardized Clinical Interview: a research tool for studying the primary care clinical epidemiology of knee problems in older adults. (7/739)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a standardized clinical interview, incorporating the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and rheumatologists, for primary care clinical epidemiological studies of adults aged 50 yr and over with knee problems. METHODS: Two parallel, consensus development studies using a modified nominal group technique involving GPs (n=5) and consultant rheumatologists (n=4) from North Staffordshire with reference panels of GPs (n=28) and rheumatologists (n=11) from selected centres in Great Britain, respectively. A single standardized clinical interview was formed using the clinical history questions identified in the consensus development studies and its feasibility was tested in a small sample of patients. RESULTS: In the GP consensus development study, 115 clinical history questions were identified, of which 71 were of agreed importance following postal rating, face-to-face discussion and re-rating. In the rheumatologist study, 158 questions were identified, of which 47 were of agreed importance. There was considerable overlap in the clinical history questions independently developed by the two studies. A single standardized clinical interview containing 74 questions was formed. It contained questions on the history, onset and recent course of the complaint; nature, location and severity of current knee symptoms; impact of knee problem; past history of knee problems; family history; comorbidity; previous/current investigations and treatment; ideas, concerns and expectations. In preliminary testing it took 20-45 min to conduct and was comprehensible to patients. CONCLUSIONS: A research tool-the Knee Standardized Clinical Interview (KNE-SCI)-has been formed from consensus development studies involving GPs and rheumatologists. In preliminary testing, it is comprehensible to patients, and forms a coherent clinical interview for research data collection. However, further evaluation is required to determine its accuracy and reliability and its usefulness for clinical epidemiological research. (+info)

Building consensus on nomenclature and disease classification for ankylosing spondylitis: results and discussion of a questionnaire prepared for the International Workshop on New Treatment Strategies in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Berlin, Germany, 18-19 January 2002. (8/739)

BACKGROUND: There is currently no universal consensus on nomenclature for spondyloarthropathy (SpA), or on activity and severity criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHOD: Points of agreement and majority opinions among 28 international experts in the field were identified by questionnaire. Agreement was defined as >80% concurrence, clear majority as >60% concurrence, and a majority or trend as >50% concurrence. RESULTS: Respondents agreed on the need for one term that reflects the inflammatory nature of the disease, but no agreement was reached on a specific term. Agreement included subdivision of patients with SpA into AS, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease associated arthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis/spondyloarthropathy. A majority of experts defined active disease as fulfilling classification criteria for AS and/or a SpA, and disease activity measured by a Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score >4 determined by two patient visits during a two month period, but no maximum radiographic score. The majority of participants considered failure of treatment response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone to be a prerequisite for active/severe AS, and 15/28 (54%) thought that NSAID treatment failure should be defined as lack of response to two or more NSAIDs. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents agreed that a two to five year study is the ethical method to demonstrate effects of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) therapy on radiographic progression of AS, and that inclusion criteria should include a certain level of disease activity (measured by BASDAI) and failure of certain treatments. After the efficacy of anti-TNFalpha therapy in AS and psoriatic arthritis is proved, respondents agreed that more studies will be needed to show efficacy for other SpA subsets. (+info)

William (Bill) Hordern". Consensus. 35 (2). art. 2. Retrieved February 15, 2019. Kamminga, Menno R. (2012). "Structure and Sin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr

Enns, Elaine L. (2016). "Trauma and Memory: Challenges to Settler Solidarity". Consensus. 37 (1): 1-11. ISSN 2369-2685. OCLC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eichenfeld_massacre

Consensus. Retrieved 12 October 2022. Mohammad, Ali Shomali (2008). Shi'i Islam.pdf "The Meaning of the term Shi'a" (PDF). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Shomali

Erb, Peter (1996-11-01). "Dialectic and narrative in Aquinas; The soul as virgin wife; On evil (3 books)". Consensus. 22 (2). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Hollywood

Consensus decision-making False-consensus effect Groupthink Pluralistic ignorance Robert, Henry M. (2011). Robert's Rules of ... Robert's Rules of Order notes that this was part of the impetus for switching from consensus to majority as the voting basis in ... A pseudoconsensus is a false consensus, reached most commonly when members of a group feel they are expected to go along with ... Tools to Grow Ecovillages identifies pseudoconsensus as a problem that can occur in communal environments with a consensus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoconsensus

Nation state 319-323.......Political Geography 327...........Sovereignty 328.2.........Consensus. Consent of the governed 328.6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification:Class_J_--_Political_science

Tucker, Ansley (1986). "The Historic Episcopate in Anglican Ecclesiology: The Esse Perspective". Consensus. 12 (1): 99-115. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago–Lambeth_Quadrilateral

Enns, Elaine L. (2016). "Trauma and Memory: Challenges to Settler Solidarity". Consensus. 37. Smith, p. 314-315. The Makhnos of ... Accessed from: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1335&context=consensus Epp, Marlene Mennonite Women in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Mennonite

London : S.P.C.K. "The historic episcopate in Anglican ecclesiology the esse perspective". Consensus. 12 (1). 1986. ISSN 2369- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_South_India

"Consensus! Engineering students need more management education." Journal of Management in Engineering 12.6 (1996): 17-29. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Engineering_Body_of_Knowledge

"Hunger and Malnutrition". Copenhagen Consensus. Retrieved 2 September 2018. Behrman, Jere; Hoddinott, John (2005). "Program ... Hoddinott together with Jere Behrman and Harold Alderman authored a report for the Copenhagen Consensus that attempted to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hoddinott_(economist)

"Kedarnath Population Census 2011 - 2022". Consensus 2011. "Pilgrim influx to Kedarnath Dham crosses 10.08 lakh, breaks all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedarnath

Copenhagen Consensus. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016. "Statistics". UNICEF. 18 December ... "Bangladesh Priorities: Poverty, Sulaiman and Misha , Copenhagen Consensus Center". copenhagenconsensus.com. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Bangladesh_conspiracy_theory

Critical Consensus. Retrieved October 17, 2017. Ebert 2008, p. 282. Ebert, Roger (June 28, 2011). "Woody Allen meets Jean-Luc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lear_(1987_film)

"Scientific Consensus , LymeScience". LymeScience. Archived from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avril_Lavigne

... is a method of avoiding the consensus trap, in which the lack of consensus leads to inaction. Scott McNealy ... "Consensus trap , World Problems & Global Issues". The Encyclopedia of World Problems. Retrieved July 3, 2017. Lencioni, Patrick ... Great teams avoid the consensus trap by embracing a concept that Intel, the legendary microchip manufacturer, calls "disagree ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disagree_and_commit

Dye C, Scheele S, Dolin P, Pathania V, Raviglione MC (August 1999). "Consensus statement. Global burden of tuberculosis: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclinical_infection

Consensus Economics, publisher of Consensus Forecasts, a monthly publication with macroeconomic forecasts of 85 countries based ... Batchelor, Roy (August 2000). "The IMF and OECD versus Consensus Forecasts" (PDF). Consensus Economics. Archived from the ... in some cases comparing these to consensus forecasts such as those published by Consensus Economics.[citation needed] A 2000 ... A 2001 paper by Roy Batchelor of City University Business School, London compared the Consensus Forecasts with forecasts made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Outlook_(OECD_publication)

"Scientific Consensus , LymeScience". LymeScience. Retrieved April 22, 2021. "Gigi Hadid wins $25,000 for charity in cooking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigi_Hadid

The Consensus Tigurinus lays out an explanation of the doctrine of the Sacraments in general, and specifically, that of Holy ... Growing Consensus II: Church Dialogues in the United States, 1992-2004. Bishop's Committee for Ecumenical and Interreligious ... in seeking to come to consensus about the Real Presence, the churches have written: During the Reformation both Reformed and ... ". "Consensus Tigurinus". Archived from the original on 2 October 2009. Reasoning From The Scriptures, Watch Tower Bible & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucharistic_theology

Jakobson, Leo (31 December 2019). "Justin Sun's BitTorrent buys DLive streaming platform". Modern Consensus. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DLive

"How does Nunavut's consensus government work?". CBC News. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2020. "Consensus Government , ... The Legislative Assembly of Nunavut is a public government and operates on the consensus model. Members of the Legislative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_Nunavut

"Psychonauts 2 is vintage Double Fine in strengths and flaws , Critical Consensus". August 24, 2021. Celia Pearce (March 7, 2003 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Schafer

"10 Smartest NFL Players". College Consensus. December 20, 2018. Archived from the original on June 24, 2019. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stafford

"Copenhagen Consensus 2012 - Outcomes". Copenhagen Consensus. Retrieved 14 May 2012. "World Malaria Report 2011". World Health ... As part of the Copenhagen Consensus 2012, a panel of leading economists concluded that the AMFm was "one of the best returns on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Medicines_Facility-malaria

Dublin, Consensus. "The Dublin Consensus Statement on vital issues relating to the collection of blood and plasma and the ... and Dublin Consensus (2010). The IFBDO was founded in Luxembourg on December 4, 1955. The Headquarters are established in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Blood_Donor_Organizations

Vowles, Jack (2013). Towards Consensus?: The 1993 Election and Referendum in New Zealand and the Transition to Proportional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party

"Thomas Schelling". Copenhagen Consensus. Retrieved January 16, 2016. "NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the ... Schelling was a contributing participant of the Copenhagen Consensus. In 1977, Schelling received The Frank E. Seidman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Schelling

The goal is to rule by a consensus decision making process. Strong local coalitions are considered a prerequisite to higher- ... "Spinifex 4, Newsletter of the 2001 Global Greens Congress" (PDF). Consensus Productions. "Alain LIPIETZ à BOGOTA du 3 au 5 mars ... based on direct citizen involvement and consensus decision making, wherever it is feasible. Green politics also encourages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_politics

Arctic Consensus 2018. Lindstrøm 2020. Veirum 2020: "chokerende stort omfang". Sermitsiaq 2021. Søndergaard & Fallesen 2021. ... Arctic Consensus. 25 April 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2021. "Om filmen" [About the film]. Kampen om Grønland. Retrieved 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillie_Martinussen

The baker is a daemon that executes Tezos consensus algorithm. The baker runs on behalf of one or more specified accounts or, ... Sometimes there is no consensus at a round, so it is worth considering also baking rights at higher rounds, like 2 in the ... A minimal active stake of 6kꜩ is required for participating in consensus and in governance. ... and emits consensus operations like endorsements. It does so whenever the associated accounts have the necessary rights. ...

https://tezos.gitlab.io/introduction/howtorun.html

This survey is aimed at collecting some basic information on the degree of awareness and consensus of people involved with ...

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdHRxB3DCMxoGJo7ADH_YfcwGsVZWyYaUv8GJc2-CPYK8MkDA/viewform

Appropriate Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards in Premarket Submissions for Medical Devices - Guidance for Industry and Food ...

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfStandards/detail.cfm?standard__identification_no=34710

The consensus statement was published online today in JAMA Dermatology.. The Need for Guidance Although focusing melanoma ... Melanoma Screening: Consensus Statement Offers Greater Clarity * Neoantigen Vaccine With Pembrolizumab Has Clear Benefit in ... The panel then came together for a consensus conference, which included 51 experts who discussed their approach to the various ... However, the panelists did not reach consensus on the role for gene expression profile (GEP) testing in clinical decision- ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/989678

7) When consensus is declared hurriedly or before it even exists.. A well-rooted scientific consensus, like a mature oak, ... A scientific consensus should be based on scientific evidence. But a consensus is not itself the evidence. And with really well ... When scientists rush to declare a consensus, particularly when they claim a consensus that has yet to form, this should give ... Even without the scandal, the very idea of scientific consensus should give us pause. "Consensus," according to Merriam-Webster ...

https://www.discovery.org/a/14351/

... Plurality consensus sequences are returned in the main folder and are named after the virus genome or ... The second type of base amendment is for consensus allele quality control. IRMA uses both the average consensus allele quality ... amended_consensus. sub-folder depending on the configuration. These sequences are modifications to the plurality consensus. ... It can be useful to differentiate these regions from deletions in the amended consensus. If one sets PADDED_CONSENSUS=1. ( ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/amd/flu/irma/consensus.html

Momentum are being attacked because they threaten Westminsters consensus. Corbyns strength comes from his wider support in ... for a new and genuine left and a rejection of the failed Westminster consensus. It therefore has the potential to pose one of ...

https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/momentum-are-being-attacked-because-they-threaten-westminsters-consensus/

Appropriate Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards in Premarket Submissions for Medical Devices - Guidance for Industry and Food ...

https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfStandards/detail.cfm?standard__identification_no=32788

Title:Learning the Exact Topology of Undirected Consensus Networks. Authors:Saurav Talukdar, Deepjyoti Deka, Sandeep Attree, ... The main contribution of this work is to show that in the case of undirected consensus networks, all spurious links obtained ... To the best of our knowledge this is the first approach that provably reconstructs the structure of undirected consensus ... we present a method to learn the interaction topology of a network of agents undergoing linear consensus updates in a non ...

https://aps.arxiv.org/abs/1710.00032?context=cs.LG

He has participated in various roles since 2004 in the Copenhagen Consensus project, ranging from author of challenge papers to ... The Post-2015 Consensus project brings together 60 teams of economists with NGOs, international agencies and businesses to ...

https://copenhagenconsensus.com/post-2015-consensus/participants

In it, the team lays out what they call "consensus on consensus" and draws from seven independent consensus studies by the co- ... Consensus on Consensus. Expertise Matters in Agreement Over Human-Caused Climate Change. ... There are many surveys about climate change consensus. The problem with some surveys, Green points out, is that they are biased ... "Whats important is that this is not just one study-its the consensus of multiple studies," Green says. This consistency ...

https://www.newswise.com/articles/consensus-on-consensus2

The GNU consensus community gathers on the Freenode IRC channel #consensus. GNU consensus Wiki. Work in progress is available ... The GNU consensus may produce software: when it does, it is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the ... Due to the nature and youth of the project, we currently provide a unique list ,consensus@gnu.org,. As the project evolves, ... GNU consensus is currently being maintained by hellekin. Please use the mailing lists for contact.. Licensing. ...

https://www.gnu.org/consensus

2001)‎. Consensus Report on STI, HIV and AIDS Epidemiology : Malaysia, 2001. WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. https ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/207073

2010)‎. Data sharing: reaching consensus. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88 (‎6)‎, 468. World Health Organization. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/270718

The consensus statement, highlighted in the last issue of Nature Energy, updates the ISOS protocols for the stability ... A consensus statement establishes the protocols to assess and report stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices Peer-Reviewed ... A consensus statement establishes the protocols to assess and report stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices. Skolkovo ... The result of the discussion is a consensus statement published in Nature Energy and highlighted in the journal editorial. The ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/599462

... TCP Home. My Ratings. Rate Abstracts. FAQ. Visualization. Search. ...

https://skepticalscience.com/tcp.php?t=ratings

Filed Under: Blog, President Posts Tagged With: consensus, guidelines, president, technology, value assessment, w. scott melvin ...

https://www.sages.org/tag/consensus/

Today, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published a Consensus Study Report, Frameworks for ... Release of National Academies Consensus Study Report on Protecting Workers and the Public from Inhalation Hazards. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/upd-02-10-22.html

Source URL (modified on 2019-01-07 12:50): https://artscatalyst.org/artist/consensus ...

https://artscatalyst.org/print/artist/consensus

U.S. Senate Report: CONSENSUS EXPOSED, PART 3: HIDE THE DECLINE Read the Full Article ...

https://www.climatedepot.com/2010/03/04/us-senate-report-consensus-exposed-part-3-hide-the-decline/

Overwatch 2 , Critical Consensus The follow up to the 2016 hero shooter is here but critics debate whether it feels like a full ...

https://www.gamesindustry.biz/overwatch-2-critical-consensus

blockchainconsensus. Contact author(s). runting @ gmail com History. 2020-11-12: last of 4 revisions. 2018-04-03: received. See ... Rethinking Large-Scale Consensus. Rafael Pass and Elaine Shi Abstract. In this position paper, we initiate a systematic ... Finally, we survey recent results including how to avoid well-known painpoints in permissionless consensus, and how to apply ... We prove several simple but hopefully insightful lower bounds that demonstrate exactly why reaching consensus in a ...

https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/302

... "consensus," a general agreement) by a group or culture. That is, if enough people believe some concept is "real," whether it is ... be a form of consensus reality. There is now a belief that educated and influential people knew the Earth was spherical, and ...

https://llewellyn.com/encyclopedia/term/Consensus+Reality

Consensus is a crucial concept in understanding blockchain and cryptocurrency. Read more about consensus here. ... What role does consensus play in blockchain and cryptocurrency?. Consensus is used by several cryptocurrencies, including ... What is consensus?. In blockchain technology, the consensus mechanism formalizes an agreement in which the majority, or at ... Pros and cons of consensus. One of the most important features of consensus is that it helps synchronize data through the ...

https://www.webopedia.com/definitions/consensus/

By now an outgrowth, manufacturing consensus has become a science, a way to leverage computational propaganda to spin ... information flows over social media. We are introduced here to a dazzling array of systems of manufacturing consensus in the ...

https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300251234/manufacturing-consensus/

... "systematically influenced the Fed Reserve presidents in their voting behavior towards a consensus." ...

https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-REB-20186

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.. ...

https://www.apta.com/tag/consensus-based/

The consensus view of crime regards crime as "illegal behavior defined by existing criminal law," as described by Dr. Larry J. ... In the consensus view, what is defined as crime emerges from general agreement among the citizenry. The lawmakers criminalize ... What Is the Consensus View of Crime?. By Staff WriterLast Updated April 03, 2020 ... The consensus view contrasts significantly with the conflict and interactionist views, which both hold that the definition of ...

https://www.reference.com/world-view/consensus-crime-965aab145b528445

consensus. Reuters. Court and legislatures in the Americas have increasingly found that defamation should be a civil matter. ...

https://cpj.org/campaigns/defamation/consensus/

Appropriate Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards in Premarket Submissions for Medical Devices - Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff, issued September 2018. (fda.gov)
TL;DR - Who/What/Where/When/Why of Consensus 2018. (theqrl.org)
Consensus 2018, put on by CoinDesk , is the 4th iteration of the annual blockchain technology summit. (theqrl.org)
Consensus 2018 will feature more than 250 speakers, 4,000 attendees, as well as many leaders from financial institutions, academic/policy groups, and investment entities. (theqrl.org)
Simply put, when it occurs, Consensus 2018 will be the largest cryptocurrency event yet seen in North America. (theqrl.org)
Consensus Model Retrieved September 2018 from Consensus Model for APRN Regulation. (superwriters.net)

On November 17, 2022, Ethereum developers gathered for their 98th Consensus Layer (CL) call. (galaxy.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Consensus statement on evaluation of hematuria. (who.int)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Consensus Statement of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics on Integrated Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition. (who.int)

What role does consensus play in blockchain and cryptocurrency? (webopedia.com)
Every cryptocurrency relies on consensus to legitimize the transactions. (webopedia.com)
The consensus mechanism influences the validation of cryptocurrency transactions, network fees, the efficiency of transactions, and how many resources are used to complete those transactions. (webopedia.com)
Consensus is a unique event in the cryptocurrency and blockchain space on a number of levels, not the least of which being the sheer size and scope of the event itself. (theqrl.org)
Member countries of the Group of 20 (G20) have announced a plan to build consensus on cryptocurrency policy. (cryptopolitan.com)
Member countries of the Group of 20 (G20) are currently considering creating a policy consensus on cryptocurrency, following the fiasco in the industry spurred by the collapse of Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto exchange, FTX. (cryptopolitan.com)

Many of the doubt-inducing climate scientists and their media acolytes attribute this rising skepticism to the stupidity of Americans, philistines unable to appreciate that there is "a scientific consensus on climate change. (discovery.org)
One of the benefits of the recent Climategate scandal, which revealed leading climate scientists manipulating data, methods, and peer review to exaggerate the evidence of significant global warming, may be to permanently deflate the rhetorical value of the phrase "scientific consensus. (discovery.org)
Even without the scandal, the very idea of scientific consensus should give us pause. (discovery.org)
We want to know whether a scientific consensus is based on solid evidence and sound reasoning, or social pressure and groupthink. (discovery.org)
No matter how well founded a scientific consensus, there's someone somewhere - easily accessible online - that thinks it's all hokum. (discovery.org)
Are we obligated to trust whatever we're told is based on a scientific consensus unless we can study the science ourselves? (discovery.org)
I don't know of any exhaustive list of signs of suspicion, but, using climate change as a test study, I propose this checklist as a rough-and-ready list of signs for when to consider doubting a scientific "consensus," whatever the subject. (discovery.org)
Only 12 percent of the US public are aware there is such strong scientific agreement in this area, and those who reject mainstream climate science continue to claim that there is a lack of scientific consensus. (newswise.com)
The progress made at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris late last year indicates that countries are now well and truly behind the scientific consensus, too," Cook says. (newswise.com)
The new law is set to go into effect on January 1 and doctors who disseminate information that diverges from the "contemporary scientific consensus" will face persecution. (activistpost.com)
The doctors argue that "contemporary scientific consensus" is "undefined in the law and undefinable as a matter of logic. (activistpost.com)
A Scientific Consensus on Global Warming? (reason.org)
Today's CO2andClimate.org climate alert offers a detailed debunking of the notion of a "scientific consensus" on global warming. (reason.org)
The phrase "scientific consensus" suggests something approaching unanimous agreement among scientists. (reason.org)
The theme of scientific consensus creeps into documents such as the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment Overview Report (2004) and the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Third Assessment Report (2001). (reason.org)

Republicans sometimes like to present their support for the individual mandate as a youthful indiscretion, but as late as June 2009, Charles Grassley, the ranking Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, was telling Fox News that "there is a bipartisan consensus to have an individual mandate. (washingtonmonthly.com)
Public Policy Polling: Bipartisan Consensus! (blogspot.com)
Bipartisan Consensus! (blogspot.com)

Tawafuq ' as an idea refers to decision-making not through formal processes relying on potentially divisive majorities but rather informal processes relying on tacit acceptance and consensus, with all stakeholders driven by the interests of each and every citizen. (opendemocracy.net)
If the majority or certain stakeholders agree, that can mean consensus. (businessmanagementdaily.com)
Objectives: To critically evaluate the current global evidence to formulate a consensus among stakeholders regarding diagnosis and management of SAM. (who.int)

In blockchain technology, the consensus mechanism formalizes an agreement in which the majority, or at least 51%, of network nodes agree that a particular digital transaction was executed and completed in the blockchain network. (webopedia.com)
One of the most important features of consensus is that it helps synchronize data through the network, building trust in a blockchain. (webopedia.com)
Located in the heart of New York City, Consensus not only will provide high-quality content and opportunity for structured networking events, but also act as a draw for blockchain events throughout the week. (theqrl.org)

Detecting melanoma early, when it is easier to treat, remains a "paramount goal," but guidelines surrounding optimal melanoma screening practices and diagnostic evaluations need greater clarity, according to the authors of a new consensus statement . (medscape.com)
The consensus statement was published online today in JAMA Dermatology . (medscape.com)
The consensus statement, highlighted in the last issue of Nature Energy , updates the ISOS protocols for the stability assessment of perovskite photovoltaics with additional procedures to account for properties specific to this technology. (eurekalert.org)
The result of the discussion is a consensus statement published in Nature Energy and highlighted in the journal editorial. (eurekalert.org)
Dalwai Samir, Choudhury Panna, Bavdekar Sandeep B, Dalal Rupal, Kapil Umesh, Dubey A P, Ugra Deepak, Agnani Manohar Sachdev H P S. Consensus Statement of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics on Integrated Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition. (who.int)
A Writing Committee was formed and was entrusted with the task of drawing a Consensus Statement on the basis of these Recommendations. (who.int)
After multiple deliberations, the following Consensus Statement was adopted. (who.int)
Occlusal Vertical Dimension: Best Evidence Consensus Statement. (bvsalud.org)
Is the American Venous Forum Consensus Statement on Lymphedema Helpful? (medscape.com)
Linda Girgis, MD, discusses the trials and treatment of congenital lymphedema, considering the American Venous Forum consensus statement. (medscape.com)
A modified Delphi process based on the integration of evidence provided by the literature and expert opinions-using a sequential approach to avoid biases and misinterpretations-was used to generate the final consensus statement. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions We present a consensus statement and clinical practice recommendations on fluid therapy for neurointensive care patients. (bvsalud.org)

Social consensus prevented Bitcoin being stripped of its integrity even when technically the transaction could be reversed. (coincrunch.in)

In 1996, Consensus Orthopedics acquired US Medical Products becoming a global manufacturer of reliable large joint orthopedic devices. (prweb.com)
Since 1996, Consensus Orthopedics has been providing the orthopedic industry with exceptional hip and knee joint replacement devices. (prweb.com)

However, stubborn insistence on an eccentric position, with refusal to consider other viewpoints in good faith, is not justified under Wikipedia's consensus practice. (battlestarwiki.org)
Many of us use consensus-style decision making in our free/open source projects such as Apache's lazy consensus model, but often we have a practice or even a governance of having things end up in a majority-wins voting process. (iquaid.org)
Clinical practice guidelines on pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome from the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) were published in February 2023 in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine . (medscape.com)
Fluid therapy in neurointensive care patients: ESICM consensus and clinical practice recom. (bvsalud.org)
Objective To report the ESICM consensus and clinical practice recommendations on fluid therapy in neurointensive care patients. (bvsalud.org)

The stimulus for this consensus conference was that, despite previous guidelines, recommendations regarding appropriate testing before therapy were commonly not followed, and testing after therapy was also not recommended for practitioners in the United States," Hashem El-Serag, MD, from the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, and colleagues write. (medscape.com)
International Consensus Guidelines for Risk Factors in Chronic Pancreatitis. (bvsalud.org)
This report summarizes these deliberations and details the consensus guidelines. (cdc.gov)

There are many surveys about climate change consensus. (newswise.com)
He says consensus studies have helped change political dialogue around climate change. (newswise.com)
Co-author Naomi Oreskes from Harvard University originally pursued consensus data about climate change in 2004 and co-wrote Merchants of Doubt, which was turned into a documentary in 2014. (newswise.com)

Adapted from "Consensus Doesn't Mean Everyone Agrees," Linda Finkle, Incedo Group, http://incedogroup.com. (businessmanagementdaily.com)

There's not much Democrats and Republicans agree on these days but in a time where politicians are pretty universally unpopular there's a consensus across party lines about one thing- they want to keep their elected leaders moving. (blogspot.com)

However, the panelists did not reach consensus on the role for gene expression profile (GEP) testing in clinical decision-making, citing the need for these assays to be validated in large randomized clinical trials. (medscape.com)
To provide consensus recommendations on optimal screening practices, prebiopsy and postbiopsy diagnostics, and prognostic assessment of cutaneous melanoma, a group of 42 panelists voted on hypothetical scenarios via an emailed survey. (medscape.com)
The panelists reached a consensus, with 70% agreement, to support a risk-stratified approach to melanoma screening in clinical settings and public screening events. (medscape.com)
In the prebiopsy setting, panelists reached consensus that visual and dermoscopic examination was appropriate for evaluating patients with "no new, changing, or unusual skin lesions or with a new lesion that is not visually concerning. (medscape.com)
The panelists also reached consensus that lesions deemed clinically suspicious for cancer or showing features of cancer on reflectance confocal microscopy should be biopsied. (medscape.com)
Although panelists agreed that a low-risk prognostic GEP score should not outweigh concerning histologic features when patients are selected to undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), they did not reach consensus for imaging recommendations in the setting of a high-risk prognostic GEP score and low-risk histology and/or negative nodal status. (medscape.com)
A series of clinical scenarios centered on 1 or the 3 etiologic groups (IPAH, CTD-associated PAH, and portopulmonary hypertension) were presented to the panelists for the development of the consensus. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
Overall, a total of 14 consensus statements on the use of oral prostacyclin pathway agents that included 13 clinical scenarios where selexipag may be considered were discussed by the panelists. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

Please read the GNU consensus Manifesto . (gnu.org)

In fact, one of the priorities that has been put on the table is to help countries reach consensus on the policy approach to crypto assets. (cryptopolitan.com)

Results of an expert consensus survey on the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension with oral prostacyclin pathway agents [published online November 16, 2019]. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

Plurality consensus sequences are returned in the main folder and are named after the virus genome or gene segment class label, see the IRMA output page for more details . (cdc.gov)
IRMA uses both the average consensus allele quality score as well as the consensus allele coverage depth. (cdc.gov)

The plurality consensus sequence is very useful when used with the BAM file to look at minor variants, since the most frequent allele will appear in the reference. (cdc.gov)
The final plurality consensus and the final reference are the same sequence! (cdc.gov)
0 denotes a consensus sequence with no quasispecies analysis. (cdc.gov)

The panel then came together for a consensus conference, which included 51 experts who discussed their approach to the various clinical case scenarios. (medscape.com)
To the best of our knowledge this is the first approach that provably reconstructs the structure of undirected consensus networks with correlated noise. (arxiv.org)
This coalition of interests, in a sense, mirrors the consensus-based approach of Javanese society. (livemint.com)
This paper challenges that conventional wisdom with que sera consensus QSC, an approach to consensus that cleanly decomposes the agreement problem from that of network asynchrony. (arxiv.org)
The consensus would likely influence global approach to regulating digital currencies, according to India's federal economic affairs secretary, Ajay Seth. (cryptopolitan.com)

Today, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published a Consensus Study Report, Frameworks for Protecting Workers and the Public from Inhalation Hazards external icon , to provide recommendations for the oversight and guidance of respiratory protection in the United States. (cdc.gov)
A working group of 25 representatives from major academic medical centers and research, government, military, public health and emergency management institutions and agencies developed consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals following the use of tularemia as a biological weapon against a civilian population. (cdc.gov)
All other policy recommendations must pass through consensus. (battlestarwiki.org)
Results The final consensus comprises a total of 32 statements, including 13 strong recommendations and 17 weak recommendations. (bvsalud.org)

Many false ideas enjoyed consensus opinion at one time. (discovery.org)
No one can know, at any given time, the 'consensus' of doctors and scientists on various matters related to prevention and treatment of COVID-19," the complaint adds. (activistpost.com)
Most of the time consensus is reached as a natural product of the editing process. (battlestarwiki.org)
If we find that a particular consensus happens often, we write it down as a guideline , to save people the time having to discuss the same principles over and over. (battlestarwiki.org)
If you want 100% consensus before you make a decision, chances are you'll be waiting a long time. (businessmanagementdaily.com)
Oddly, when the consensus view is positive on a stock, it may be time to sell. (am1st.com)
For some the position taken in the book will be controversial as it amounts to a radical rehabilitation of the two-state consensus at a time when many believe that the settlement dynamic has proceeded past the point of reversibility and the Israeli leadership is positioning itself step by step to embrace a Zionist version of a unilaterally imposed one-state solution to the conflict. (richardfalk.org)
CPU usage, memory usage, disk usage, network bandwidth, synchronization time and number of peers) of the main five consensus clients (i.e. (lido.fi)
The Cairo consensus : the right agenda for the right time / Adrienne Germain, Rachel Kyte. (who.int)
Our results demonstrate for the first time that the consensus IDV HEF DNA vaccine can elicit complete protection against infection from two lineages of IDV in the guinea pig model. (cdc.gov)

Through this new collaboration, multiple consensus researchers-and their data gathered from different approaches-lead to essentially the same conclusion. (newswise.com)
Neonatal sepsis: need for consensus definition, collaboration and core outcomes. (unil.ch)

Control for calculating consensus trees is found under the trees menu. (palass.org)

A plurality rule was chosen over majority consensus because it is more inclusive for pattern matching purposes and does not assign strict thresholds for the dominant virus phase in the sample. (cdc.gov)
Prof. Koh also pointed out that changing the ASEAN consensus-based decision-making process to one that is based on majority vote is impractical and unnecessary, which threatens ASEAN unity. (philippine-embassy.org.sg)

John Cook from the University of Queensland uses media clips, street interviews and data from his latest paper to demonstrate the consensus gap between experts, non-experts and the public. (newswise.com)
We prove several simple but hopefully insightful lower bounds that demonstrate exactly why reaching consensus in a permissionless setting is fundamentally more difficult than the classical, permissioned setting. (iacr.org)

This article documents the consensus of an expert group of surgeons from the Second International Trans-anal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME) Conference held in Paris in July 2014. (nih.gov)
Consensus Conference Next Week! (theqrl.org)
A new consensus document defining who should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori ) infection has been issued by 11 experts after their participation in the Houston Consensus Conference on Testing for H. pylori Infection in the United States. (medscape.com)

The unfortunate and inaccurate characterization of consensus is used as a rhetorical bludgeon of skeptics and is the basis of a push for industrialized nations to "do something" to reduce the atmosphere's greenhouse gas concentration. (reason.org)

Sports, Sports Illustrated, CBS Sports, Walter Football, and theScore in order to put together a concensus ranking from experts across the sports world. (aol.com)
These experts discussed the importance of introducing conjugate vaccines for pilgrims and travellers, and elaborated a consensus recommendation to support healthcare professionals and decision-makers. (who.int)
Avec l'introduction d'une nouvelle génération de vaccins antiméningococciques conjugués quadrivalents (Menveo, Menactra et autres licences en attente) et leur récente mise en œuvre en Arabie saoudite, des experts de 11 pays de la Région du Moyen-Orient se sont réunis au Meningococcal Leadership Forum, à Dubaï, en mai 2010 pour échanger sur la maladie méningococcique et les stratégies de prévention. (who.int)
Design A consensus committee comprising 22 international experts met in October 2016 during ESICM LIVES2016. (bvsalud.org)

Practices for which insufficient evidence or no consensus regarding efficacy exists. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we designed a DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein (FluD-Vax) and tested its protective efficacy against two lineages of IDV (D/OK and D/660) in guinea pigs. (cdc.gov)

The authors say in their report that Mr. Greenspan, who led the central bank from 1987 to 2006, "systematically influenced the Fed Reserve presidents in their voting behavior towards a consensus. (wsj.com)
The consensus view of crime regards crime as "illegal behavior defined by existing criminal law," as described by Dr. Larry J. Siegel in his book, "Criminology. (reference.com)
The consensus view, along with the interactionist and conflict views, are the three perspectives that criminologists take on crime and criminal behavior. (reference.com)

A minimal active stake of 6kꜩ is required for participating in consensus and in governance. (gitlab.io)

This survey is aimed at collecting some basic information on the degree of awareness and consensus of people involved with science and innovation towards Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Open Science (OS) (for more information, see https://bit.ly/1makOV1 and https://bit.ly/2gTVkON ). (google.com)

Consensus report: Aggressive periodontitis. (bvsalud.org)

The purpose of this project is to perform an external, objective and unbiased evaluation of the different Ethereum Consensus Layer Clients in order to create targets for client decentralization. (lido.fi)
We will evaluate the hardware resource consumption of all Ethereum Consensus Layer Clients as well as many other different metrics related to their network bandwidth consumption, number of peers, syncing speed, storage requirements, among many other metrics. (lido.fi)

We thought that we would do a small supporter meetup during Consensus because New York, similar to London, is a city with a massive population of both people and pubs. (theqrl.org)

What Is the Consensus View of Crime? (reference.com)
In the consensus view, what is defined as crime emerges from general agreement among the citizenry. (reference.com)
The consensus view contrasts significantly with the conflict and interactionist views, which both hold that the definition of crime is associated with power in some way. (reference.com)
It is assumed that editors working toward consensus are pursuing a consensus that is consistent with the consensus on how to do things on a wider scale - especially the neutral point of view (NPOV) . (battlestarwiki.org)

As a result, it is sometimes hard to determine what the consensus is in such processes. (battlestarwiki.org)

Consensus," according to Merriam-Webster, means both "general agreement" and "group solidarity in sentiment and belief. (discovery.org)
A vast group of scientists with Prof. Pavel A. Troshin representing Skoltech has reached a consensus on the suitable procedures and the variables to be reported in stability studies of this kind of solar cells. (eurekalert.org)
Consensus Intl is a company established by a group of experienced consultants who were passionate about solving their clients' problems. (consensusintl.com)
To create the consensus statements, the panel used the RAND/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method, which incorporates the Delphi method and the nominal group technique. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)
Thus, the consensus group singled out target populations who should be considered for testing and treatment, the intention being to provide practical advice for physicians in the United States who manage patients with potential H pylori infection. (medscape.com)
Before the first phase of this project, a consensus process was conducted with a group of safety and health professionals to determine topics and learning objectives for the course. (cdc.gov)

Williamson proposed the term 'Washington Consensus' to refer to the lowest common denominator of policy advice being addressed by the Washington based institutions. (repec.org)
The Evolution Of The Term 'Washington Consensus' ," Journal of Economic Surveys , Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(2), pages 350-384, April. (repec.org)
The term "national consensus standard" is specifically defined. (cdc.gov)

These sequences are modifications to the plurality consensus. (cdc.gov)

Was Shock Therapy Consistent with the Washington Consensus? (repec.org)

This is how consensus is used as a continuous method to validate which digital wallet owns which assets. (webopedia.com)
After many years of continuous growth, Consensus has helped more than +900 companies around the world to simplify, streamline and automate their organizations. (consensusintl.com)

With a focus on evidence based medicine, Consensus Orthopedics is changing patient care and the future of orthopedics. (prweb.com)
AIMS: The aim of this consensus paper is to review the available evidence on the association between moderate alcohol use, health and disease and to provide a working document to the scientific and health professional communities. (unipa.it)
This is where Amir Taaki, a thought leader in crypto space tweeted , "… Strongest evidence yet that crypto is based on social consensus, not purely technical. (coincrunch.in)
Strongest evidence yet that crypto is based on social consensus, not purely technical. (coincrunch.in)

will appear in main folder for the plurality alignment and also in the amended_consensus folder. (cdc.gov)
The main contribution of this work is to show that in the case of undirected consensus networks, all spurious links obtained using Wiener filtering can be identified using frequency response of the Wiener filters. (arxiv.org)

Momentum is founded on an enthusiasm, felt by hundreds of thousands of people, for a new and genuine left and a rejection of the failed Westminster consensus. (opendemocracy.net)

The consensus mechanism is used to make sure the miners agree on the completed transaction and the information for the new block is distributed to all miners. (webopedia.com)
For the second route we make consensus trees. (palass.org)
There is another kind of consensus we could make, and for this I have used two different kinds of starting trees, shown in the third row. (palass.org)
To compensate for this, people first simply check if the criterion of supermajority is achieved, and on that basis make a first order assumption on how close one is to rough consensus. (battlestarwiki.org)
If you create a policy and you are looking for consensus, make sure that you follow these steps before proceeding. (battlestarwiki.org)
Only the site admin, Joe Beaudoin Jr. , can make a policy official/active without consensus. (battlestarwiki.org)
The APO Board will make the final selection on a consensus basis during their meeting in June. (who.int)

Your best bet is to look at the process that produced, maintains, and communicates the ostensible consensus. (discovery.org)
The network's nodes must reach an agreement to complete the digital transaction process, and this agreement is achieved through a mechanism called consensus. (webopedia.com)
Instead - through consensus between actors on all sides - an informal, political process was agreed upon to lay the groundwork for a proper beginning to the democratic transition. (opendemocracy.net)
Consensus is an inherent part of the wiki process. (battlestarwiki.org)
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) has given the consensus decision-making process a new lease on life by introducing the procedure to a new generation of organizers as well as thousands of older activists. (columbia.edu)
I examine the historical development and the symbolic significance of consensus to suggest that process is a tension point that reveals significant differences in vision and strategy among sectors of the US Left. (columbia.edu)
Philippine Ambassador to Singapore Antonio A. Morales believes that ASEAN's decision-making process by consensus is important in keeping the unity of the regional organization, which marks its golden jubilee this year. (philippine-embassy.org.sg)
The "building capacity" consensus process. (cdc.gov)
A formal consensus process was held and included an online survey and also a faceto- face meeting. (cdc.gov)
Teleconferences and electronic-based discussions between the members of the committee subsequently served to discuss and develop the consensus process. (bvsalud.org)

In this article, we present a method to learn the interaction topology of a network of agents undergoing linear consensus updates in a non invasive manner. (arxiv.org)
it is not uncommon to see both sides in an edit war claiming a consensus for its version of the article. (battlestarwiki.org)
The aim of this article is describing the applied methodology in the elaboration of this Latin-American Obesity Consensus, its contents and the governamental policies that are being developed to reduce the prevalence of obesity. (bvsalud.org)

Finally, we survey recent results including how to avoid well-known painpoints in permissionless consensus, and how to apply core ideas behind blockchains to solve consensus in the classical, permissioned setting and meanwhile achieve new properties that are not attained by classical approaches. (iacr.org)
Items considered less important according to predefined consensus criteria were dropped and a second survey was developed. (valueinhealthjournal.com)
A new consensus survey of expert opinions was published regarding the use of oral prostacyclin pathway agents in patients with various forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) who received dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA)/phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) therapy. (pulmonologyadvisor.com)

I also consider why the Reagan-era antitrust consensus is currently vulnerable to displacement. (promarket.org)

A faculty webpage of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte clarifies the differences between the consensus, interactionist and conflict views. (reference.com)

With a deep understanding of the orthopedic industry, Consensus launched its innovative TracPatch Technology division focusing on orthopedic wearable technology, which combines Consensus Orthopedics 25 years of orthopedic experience with innovative Big Data capabilities. (prweb.com)
Hence, the purpose of this consensus document is to examine available data related to IOD, RVD, and alteration of the OVD. (bvsalud.org)

The long-discussed, highly controversial reservation of the names and acronyms of various intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations has become official ICANN Consensus Policy and will be binding on all gTLD registries and registrars from August this year. (domainincite.com)
It's the 14th Consensus Policy to be added to ICANN's statute book since the organization was formed 20 year ago. (domainincite.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment53

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes93

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science17

Health Care28

Geographicals4

Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (1/739)

Clinical ethics committees and the formulation of health care policy. (2/739)

Quality and methods of developing practice guidelines. (3/739)

Inter-rater agreement in the scoring of abstracts submitted to a primary care research conference. (4/739)

Priority setting for new technologies in medicine: a transdisciplinary study. (5/739)

Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients. (6/739)

Development of the Knee Standardized Clinical Interview: a research tool for studying the primary care clinical epidemiology of knee problems in older adults. (7/739)

Building consensus on nomenclature and disease classification for ankylosing spondylitis: results and discussion of a questionnaire prepared for the International Workshop on New Treatment Strategies in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Berlin, Germany, 18-19 January 2002. (8/739)

Consensus

Consensus Sequence

Consensus Development Conferences as Topic

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Amino Acid Sequence

Delphi Technique

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Binding Sites

Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic

Transcription, Genetic

Cloning, Molecular

Sequence Alignment

DNA-Binding Proteins

Transcription Factors

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Protein Binding

DNA

Societies, Medical

Practice Guidelines as Topic

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Mutation

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Cell Line

Restriction Mapping

Terminology as Topic

Plasmids

Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA Primers

Escherichia coli

Algorithms

Amino Acid Motifs

RNA, Messenger

Gene Expression Regulation

Introns

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Evidence-Based Medicine

Transfection

Conserved Sequence

Bacterial Proteins

Expert Testimony

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Phylogeny

Recombinant Proteins

DNA, Complementary

Reproducibility of Results

Models, Molecular

Repressor Proteins

Genes, Bacterial

Guidelines as Topic

Chromosome Mapping

Nuclear Proteins

Exons

DNA, Bacterial

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Transcriptional Activation

HeLa Cells

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

Phosphorylation

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides

Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Response Elements

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Genes

Sequence Deletion

Genes, Reporter

Software

RNA Splicing

Sp1 Transcription Factor

Computational Biology

Trans-Activators

Interferon Regulatory Factors

DNA Footprinting

Protein Conformation

Sensitivity and Specificity

Proteins

DNA Mutational Analysis