Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.
Purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. Some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Chlamydia.
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.
Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.
An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.
A highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. Epidemic conjunctivitis caused by Enterovirus 70 (EV-70) was first described in Africa in 1969. It is caused also by Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v). Epidemics by this organism have appeared most frequently in Asia.
The mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball.
A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The POLLEN is one cause of HAYFEVER.
A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 11 serotypes, all coxsackieviruses.
Acute conjunctival inflammation in the newborn, usually caused by maternal gonococcal infection. The causative agent is NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE. The baby's eyes are contaminated during passage through the birth canal.
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Inflammation of the eyelids.
Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.
The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.
Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.
Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.
A genus of CHLAMYDOPHILA infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans.
Inflammation of the iris characterized by circumcorneal injection, aqueous flare, keratotic precipitates, and constricted and sluggish pupil along with discoloration of the iris.
A chronic infection of the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.
Diseases affecting the eye.
Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.
A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".
A plant genus of the family TAXODIACEAE. Its POLLEN is one of the major ALLERGENS.
Conjunctival diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.
Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.
Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)
Infections with bacteria of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE.
Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).
A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 3. It was first detected in turkeys in Britain in 1963 and there have been several outbreaks on poultry farms since that time. A couple cases of human infections have been reported.
A genus of the family CHLAMYDIACEAE whose species cause a variety of diseases in vertebrates including humans, mice, and swine. Chlamydia species are gram-negative and produce glycogen. The type species is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. Serotypes (named with Arabic numbers) have been grouped into species designated Human adenovirus A-F.
Enterovirus infections are a group of viral illnesses caused by enteroviruses that primarily affect the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems.
A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and consisting of 2 serotypes: Human enterovirus 68 and Human enterovirus 70.
Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 7 and neuraminidase 7. The H7N7 subtype produced an epidemic in 2003 which was highly pathogenic among domestic birds (POULTRY). Some infections in humans were reported.
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.
An infant during the first month after birth.
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Inflammation of the cornea.
Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.
Number of patients who need to be treated in order to prevent one additional bad outcome. It is the inverse of Absolute Risk Reduction.
Subacute inflammation of the inguinal lymph glands caused by certain immunotypes of CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. It is a sexually transmitted disease in the U.S. but is more widespread in developing countries. It is distinguished from granuloma venereum (see GRANULOMA INGUINALE), which is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis.
A form of fluorescent antibody technique utilizing a fluorochrome conjugated to an antibody, which is added directly to a tissue or cell suspension for the detection of a specific antigen. (Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.
Microorganisms that have undergone greater changes than normal in morphology, physiology, or cultural characteristics.
New Hampshire is a state in the northeastern United States known for its picturesque landscapes and ski resorts, as well as its small size and rural population.
Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.
Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.
Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.
An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Eyelid diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the eyelids, including infections, allergies, tumors, and disorders that affect their function or appearance.
A heterogeneous group of infections produced by coxsackieviruses, including HERPANGINA, aseptic meningitis (MENINGITIS, ASEPTIC), a common-cold-like syndrome, a non-paralytic poliomyelitis-like syndrome, epidemic pleurodynia (PLEURODYNIA, EPIDEMIC) and a serious MYOCARDITIS.
Maine is a term used in medical imaging to refer to the right atrium of the heart.
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.
Dibenzoxepins are a class of organic compounds with a dibenzoxepine ring system that have potential pharmacological activity.

Serotyping of adenoviruses on conjunctival scrapings by PCR and sequence analysis. (1/69)

To detect and identify adenovirus (Ad), we investigated hypervariable regions (HVRs) of Ad by using a combination of PCR and direct sequencing (PCR-sequence) method. Primers for nested PCR to amplify the conserved region in the hexon protein containing HVRs were designed based on hexon gene sequences derived from GenBank. These two primer sets amplified a DNA fragment of 7 HVRs from 16 prototypes of Ad, which were divided into five subgenera, including seven serotypes that are the predominant causative agents of acute conjunctivitis in Japan, and from 31 recent conjunctival scraping specimens from patients with adenoviral conjunctivitis. HVR DNA sequences were determined by means of universal sequence primers. Analysis of the predicted amino acid homology of HVRs among Ad prototypes suggested three regions, HVR4, -5, and -7, to be candidates for the neutralization epitopes. The clinical serotype of specimens was determined by the PCR-sequence method with reference to these three HVRs. The serotype determined according to this method was identical to that obtained by culture isolation and the neutralization test (NT) in all scraping samples, whereas the results of this method did not match PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in five samples. It took only three days to detect Ad and to identify the serotype, in contrast to culture isolation-NT, which took at least 2 weeks. These findings indicate that our newly developed PCR-sequence method is applicable for the detection and serotyping of human Ads.  (+info)

Laboratory investigations on viral and Chlamydia trachomatis infections of the eye: Sankara Nethralaya experiences. (2/69)

PURPOSE: To review our experiences on the laboratory investigations of viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis, congenital cataract and acute retinal inflammations seen from 1990 to 1998 at Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India. METHODS: Conjunctival swabs/scrapings from 1061 patients with conjunctivitis were investigated. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques were applied on 74 conjunctival swabs during the 1996 outbreak of acute viral conjunctivitis. The occurrence of Rubella virus in 86 lens aspirates of congenital cataract was investigated. Tests were performed for the association of Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) with acute retinal inflammation in 32 patients. RESULTS: The causative agents of conjunctivitis were Adenovirus in 13.8%, HSV in 2.2% and C. trachomatis in 20.9% of the patients. Epidemics were due to Adenovirus type 4 in 1991, type 3 in 1992-93 and type 7a in 1996. PCR was 37.9% more sensitive in detecting Adenovirus than virological methods. RFLP identified the conjunctivitis epidemic strain of 1996 as Adenovirus 7a. Rubella virus was isolated from 8.1% of lens aspirates from congenital cataract. Nineteen of the 32 patients with acute retinitis had confirmed virus infections (VZV: 8; HSV: 5; and CMV: 6) and the rapid detection of the virus agent helped institute specific chemotherapy resulting in useful vision in some patients. CONCLUSION: Laboratory investigations for diagnosis of viral and C. trachomatis ocular infections were useful in establishing the aetiology and determining the incidence of causative agents of specific ocular diseases.  (+info)

Molecular evidence of ocular Epstein-Barr virus infection. (3/69)

Ocular manifestations have been attributed to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), largely on the basis of seroepidemiologic data. Two patients who developed conjunctival disease as the presenting feature of EBV infection are reported, each confirmed by in situ hybridization of EBV genome in affected tissue biopsy specimens. Recognition of EBV-induced ocular disease as an initial presentation of clinical EBV infection is important to the practitioner because of the ubiquitous nature of this herpesvirus.  (+info)

Clinical and epidemiological features of acute follicular conjunctivitis with special reference to that caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. (4/69)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is reported by the national surveillance of ocular infectious diseases in Japan that 4.3% of cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) diagnosed clinically were caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Clinical and virological studies of patients with HSV conjunctivitis were carried out. METHODS: The study population consisted of 478 patients with acute follicular conjunctivitis. Virological analysis was carried out for adenovirus (Ad) and HSV by the cell culture method and fluorescein antibody (FA) method. Polymerase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis was also carried out. RESULTS: From 23 patients, HSV type 1 was isolated but Ad or C trachomatis was not isolated. 87% of cases were unilateral. Most cases showed clinical resolution within 9 days. Early corneal lesions and preauricular lymphadenopathy were less frequent in HSV conjunctivitis than in adenoviral conjunctivitis, especially that due to subgenus D. No case showed a positive result for HSV by the FA method using conjunctival swabs; however, the FA test was positive in all strains isolated by cell culture. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that it is difficult clinically to differentiate HSV conjunctivitis from adenoviral conjunctivitis in the acute stage, since the clinical features of adenoviral conjunctivitis are similar to those of HSV conjunctivitis. A biological difference may exist between HSV strains causing keratitis and conjunctivitis.  (+info)

No sequence variation in part of the hexon and the fibre genes of adenovirus 8 isolated from patients with conjunctivitis or epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) in Norway during 1989 to 1996. (5/69)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several local epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis/conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) occurred in Norway from August 1995 to May 1996. A smaller epidemic occurred in 1992. The Ad8 hexon forms the surface of the virion and contains the hypervariable regions loop I(1) and loop I(2). The fibre mediates the primary contact with cells. Sequence variation in hexon and fibre genes might play an important role in the pathogenicity of adenoviruses. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability at the hexon and fibre genes in 26 strains of Ad8 isolated from 1989 to 1996. METHODS: The genetic variability of 26 strains of Ad8 isolated from 1989 to 1996 was studied by sequencing part of the hexon and fibre genes. The Ad8 sequences were compared with each other and with two Ad8 strains from the EMBL database. In addition, 14 of the 26 isolates were subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis. RESULTS: No significant sequence variation was seen during the six year period. CONCLUSION: The Ad8 strains causing epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis/conjunctivitis in Norway are genetically stable.  (+info)

The antiviral resistance and replication of cidofovir-resistant adenovirus variants in the New Zealand White rabbit ocular model. (6/69)

PURPOSE: To determine the antiviral resistance of three cidofovir (CDV)-resistant variants of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) and their ability to replicate in the New Zealand White rabbit ocular model. METHODS: Rabbits were inoculated topically in both eyes with the CDV-resistant variants R1, R2, and R3, and the Ad5 parental strain. On day 1, rabbits from each virus inoculation were divided into two topical treatment groups: 0.5% CDV and PBS control. Treatment was administered twice daily in both eyes for 7 days. All eyes were cultured for virus on days 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14. Using viral outcome parameters, CDV resistance was determined for each virus by comparing each CDV-treated virus group to its respective PBS control, and altered pathogenesis was assessed by comparing viral replication in the PBS control groups of the Ad5 parent and the three resistant variants. RESULTS: Topical 0.5% CDV treatment demonstrated significant antiviral inhibitory activity in the Ad5 parental group (e.g., reduced total Ad5-positive cultures, reduced daily Ad5-positive cultures on days 5, 9, 11, and 14, and duration of ocular shedding), but had no effect on the three CDV-resistant variants. There were no significant differences in pathogenicity between the Ad5 parent and the CDV-resistant variants. CONCLUSIONS: The Ad5 variants R1, R2, and R3 were resistant to topical treatment with 0.5% cidofovir in the rabbit ocular model. However, the acquisition of CDV resistance did not alter the replication of the three Ad5 CDV variants on the rabbit eye.  (+info)

Rapid detection and typing of oculopathogenic strain of subgenus D adenoviruses by fiber-based PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. (7/69)

PURPOSE: To develop a new detection and typing method of oculopathogenic strains of subgenus D adenoviruses directly from conjunctival scrapings by a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis (REA). METHODS: A new PCR method using primer pairs of AF2/AR2, which are specific for the fiber genes, were developed to amplify 1150-bp products from nine oculopathogenic prototypes of subgenus D adenoviruses. Amplicons were cleaved with three restriction enzymes: DdeI, HinfI, and RsaI. Clinical specimens of 102 conjunctival scrapings were also evaluated by this PCR method. Restriction patterns of prototypes were used for the typing of clinical samples. Detection limit was determined by the PCR amplification of a known amount of purified adenovirus serotype 8 DNA. RESULTS: A novel PCR method based on the fiber genes allowed the amplification of nine oculopathogenic serotypes of subgenus D (Ad8, Ad9, Ad15, Ad17, Ad19, Ad22, Ad28, Ad37, and Ad39). As little as 38.4 fg of adenovirus type 8 could be detected by this method. Positive results were obtained from 48 of 102 samples (47%) by both hexon- and fiber-based PCR, whereas only 29 of 102 (28.4%) yielded positive results by culture isolation/neutralization test (NT). All positive specimens (29 samples) of culture isolation and PCR-RFLP methods showed positive results by our new fiber-based PCR method, and no positive products were detected from other subgenus of adenovirus or nonadenoviral DNA. CONCLUSIONS: A newly developed fiber-based PCR-REA method for the detection and typing of adenoviruses is faster than any former PCR methods. This all-in-1-day detection and typing method will be quite useful to the rapid diagnosis of subgenus D adenovirus infection.  (+info)

Detection of antibodies to a disease-associated herpesvirus of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas. (8/69)

Lung-eye-trachea disease-associated herpesvirus (LETV) is linked with morbidity and mortality in mariculture-reared green turtles, but its prevalence among and impact on wild marine turtle populations is unknown. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of anti-LETV antibodies and could distinguish LETV-exposed green turtles from those with antibodies to fibropapillomatosis-associated herpesvirus (FPHV). Plasma from two captive-reared green turtles immunized with inactivated LETV served as positive controls. Plasma from 42 healthy captive-reared green turtles and plasma from 30 captive-reared green turtles with experimentally induced fibropapillomatosis (FP) and anti-FPHV antibodies had low ELISA values on LETV antigen. A survey of 19 wild green turtles with and 27 without FP (with and without anti-FPHV antibodies, respectively) identified individuals with antibodies to LETV regardless of their FP status. The seroprevalence of LETV infection was 13%. The presence of antibodies to LETV in plasma samples was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. These results are the first to suggest that wild Florida green turtles are exposed to LETV or to an antigenically closely related herpesvirus(es) other than FPHV and that FPHV and LETV infections are most likely independent events. This is the first ELISA developed to detect antibodies for a specific herpesvirus infection of marine turtles. The specificity of this ELISA for LETV (ability to distinguish LETV from FPHV) makes it valuable for detecting exposure to this specific herpesvirus and enhances our ability to conduct seroepidemiological studies of these disease-associated agents in marine turtles.  (+info)

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. It is commonly known as "pink eye" and can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, allergies, irritants, and certain medications. The symptoms of conjunctivitis can include redness, itching, tearing, sensitivity to light, and discharge from the eyes. The severity and duration of the symptoms can vary depending on the cause of the inflammation. Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause. For bacterial conjunctivitis, antibiotics may be prescribed. For viral conjunctivitis, there is no specific treatment, but the symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter eye drops or ointments. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with antihistamines or allergy drops. In some cases, the conjunctivitis may resolve on its own without any treatment. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have conjunctivitis, as it can be contagious and can spread to others, especially if it is caused by a virus.

Conjunctivitis, bacterial, also known as "pink eye," is an infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. It is caused by bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis include redness, swelling, itching, discharge from the eye, and sensitivity to light. The discharge is usually thick and yellow or green in color. Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually treated with antibiotics, which can be taken orally or applied directly to the eye. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if the symptoms improve before the medication is finished, to prevent the infection from recurring. Prevention of bacterial conjunctivitis includes practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and not touching the eyes, and avoiding close contact with people who have the infection.

Conjunctivitis, allergic, also known as allergic conjunctivitis, is a type of inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. It is caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust, pet dander, or certain types of cosmetics or contact lenses. Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis may include redness, itching, tearing, swelling of the eyelids, and a feeling of grittiness or scratchiness in the eyes. In severe cases, the conjunctiva may become swollen and produce a thick, yellow or green discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis is usually treated with antihistamines, decongestants, or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, allergy shots or immunotherapy may be recommended to help the body build up a tolerance to the allergen. It is important to identify and avoid the allergen whenever possible to prevent future episodes of allergic conjunctivitis.

Conjunctivitis, viral, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. It is caused by a viral infection, such as the common cold or the flu, and is highly contagious. Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include redness, itching, tearing, and sensitivity to light. The condition is usually self-limiting and can be treated with over-the-counter eye drops to relieve symptoms. However, it is important to avoid sharing towels, washcloths, or other personal items to prevent the spread of the virus.

Conjunctivitis, inclusion is a type of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). It is characterized by the presence of yellow or greenish discharge from the eyes, redness, swelling, and itching. The discharge may contain small, clear, gelatinous masses called "inclusions" that can be seen under a microscope. Inclusion conjunctivitis is usually seen in children under the age of 5, but it can also occur in adults. It is usually treated with antibiotics, and most cases resolve within a few days to a week. However, if left untreated, it can lead to more serious complications such as meningitis.

Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. The infection is caused by a variety of viruses, including adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and herpes simplex virus. The symptoms of AHC typically include redness, swelling, and irritation of the conjunctiva, as well as excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, and discharge from the eyes. In severe cases, the conjunctiva may become hemorrhagic, or bleeding, which can cause the whites of the eyes to appear pink or red. AHC is highly contagious and can spread easily through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. It is most commonly spread through the eyes, but can also be transmitted through the nose and mouth. Treatment for AHC typically involves supportive care to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. This may include using artificial tears to lubricate the eyes, applying cold compresses to reduce swelling, and avoiding contact with others to prevent the spread of the infection. In severe cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to help control the infection.

The conjunctiva is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and the inner surface of the eyelids. It is a highly vascularized tissue that helps to lubricate and protect the eye by producing tears and providing a barrier against foreign particles and infections. The conjunctiva also contains immune cells that help to defend the eye against harmful pathogens. In addition, the conjunctiva contains nerve endings that help to regulate the eye's blood flow and maintain its normal function. Any damage or inflammation of the conjunctiva can lead to a variety of eye conditions, including conjunctivitis (pink eye), dry eye syndrome, and allergic conjunctivitis.

In the medical field, "Ambrosia" is not a commonly used term. However, there are a few possible meanings: 1. Ambrosia is a type of food that is said to have been consumed by the gods in Greek mythology. In modern times, it is often used to describe a type of food that is considered to be extremely delicious or luxurious. 2. Ambrosia is also the name of a plant that is said to have healing properties in some cultures. In traditional Chinese medicine, for example, the leaves and roots of the ambrosia tree are used to treat a variety of conditions, including fever, cough, and digestive problems. 3. In some cases, "ambrosia" may be used to describe a type of medication or treatment that is considered to be highly effective or beneficial. However, this usage is not common in the medical field and would likely be considered informal or colloquial.

Ophthalmia neonatorum is a medical condition that affects newborn babies. It is also known as neonatal conjunctivitis or neonatal ophthalmia. The condition is caused by bacteria that infect the baby's eyes soon after birth. It is a common condition that affects about 1 in every 2,500 newborns in the United States. The symptoms of ophthalmia neonatorum include redness, swelling, and discharge from the baby's eyes. The infection can also cause the eyelids to stick together, making it difficult for the baby to open their eyes. If left untreated, the infection can lead to more serious complications, such as blindness. Ophthalmia neonatorum is usually treated with antibiotics, which are applied to the baby's eyes. The treatment is usually very effective, and most babies recover fully within a few days. However, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible if you suspect that your baby may have ophthalmia neonatorum, as early treatment is crucial for preventing complications.

Keratoconjunctivitis is a medical condition that affects the cornea and conjunctiva, which are the clear outer layer of the eye and the thin, moist membrane that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. Keratoconjunctivitis is characterized by inflammation and irritation of the cornea and conjunctiva, which can cause redness, swelling, itching, discharge, and sensitivity to light. There are several types of keratoconjunctivitis, including viral keratoconjunctivitis, bacterial keratoconjunctivitis, and allergic keratoconjunctivitis. Treatment for keratoconjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause and may include antihistamines, antibiotics, or antiviral medications, as well as eye drops or ointments to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Blepharitis is a common eye condition characterized by inflammation of the eyelids. It can affect either one or both eyelids and is often accompanied by symptoms such as redness, itching, burning, and swelling. Blepharitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or fungal infections, skin conditions such as rosacea, and allergies. Treatment for blepharitis typically involves cleaning the eyelids with warm water and a mild soap, using antibiotic or anti-inflammatory eye drops or ointments, and in some cases, oral antibiotics. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove any blockages or debris from the eyelids.

Adenoviridae infections are a group of viral infections caused by members of the Adenoviridae family. These viruses are common and can infect a wide range of hosts, including humans, animals, and plants. In humans, adenoviruses can cause a variety of illnesses, ranging from mild respiratory infections to more severe diseases such as conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and hemorrhagic cystitis. Adenoviruses are characterized by their icosahedral capsid, which is composed of protein subunits arranged in a double-layered structure. The viral genome is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule that is enclosed within the capsid. There are currently more than 100 different serotypes of adenoviruses, each of which is associated with a specific disease. Adenovirus infections are typically transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces, or through the fecal-oral route. Symptoms of adenovirus infections can vary depending on the specific serotype and the infected individual's immune status. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and red eyes. In more severe cases, adenovirus infections can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, and other respiratory complications. Treatment for adenovirus infections typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, antiviral medications may be used to help control the infection. Vaccines are currently available for some serotypes of adenoviruses, but they are not effective against all strains. Prevention of adenovirus infections involves good hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

Adenovirus infections, human refer to illnesses caused by adenoviruses, which are a group of viruses that can infect humans and other animals. These viruses can cause a range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections to more serious diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). In some cases, adenoviruses can also cause more severe illnesses, such as hemorrhagic cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) and hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). Adenovirus infections are usually spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects. They can also be spread through sexual contact. Treatment for adenovirus infections typically involves supportive care to help the body fight off the virus, such as rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. In some cases, antiviral medications may also be used to help treat the infection.

Chlamydophila psittaci is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in birds, including psittacine birds (parrots, cockatiels, etc.). In humans, C. psittaci can cause a variety of infections, including psittacosis, which is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected birds or their droppings. Symptoms of psittacosis in humans can include fever, chills, cough, headache, muscle aches, and pneumonia. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline or azithromycin.

Iritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications. Symptoms of iritis may include redness, pain, sensitivity to light, and changes in vision. If left untreated, iritis can lead to permanent damage to the eye and vision loss. Treatment typically involves the use of anti-inflammatory medications and may also include the use of corticosteroids.

Trachoma is a contagious eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The infection affects the eyelids and the inner surface of the eyelids, causing inflammation, scarring, and thickening of the eyelashes. This can lead to the formation of small bumps on the eyelids, known as trachoma follicles, and the development of a condition called trachoma trichiasis, in which the eyelashes turn inward and scratch the cornea, causing pain, redness, and vision loss.,trachoma。

In the medical field, "Administration, Topical" refers to the application of medication or other substances directly to the skin or mucous membranes for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. Topical administration is a common method of delivering drugs to the body, as it allows for targeted delivery of medication to the affected area, while minimizing systemic side effects. Topical medications can be applied in various forms, such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions, sprays, and patches. They are often used to treat skin conditions such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, and insect bites, as well as to relieve pain, itching, and inflammation. Topical administration can also be used to deliver drugs to other areas of the body, such as the eyes, ears, nose, and throat. For example, eye drops are used to treat eye infections and glaucoma, while nasal sprays are used to treat allergies and congestion. It is important to note that while topical administration can be effective, it may not be suitable for all types of medications or conditions. Some medications may not be able to penetrate the skin or mucous membranes effectively, while others may cause irritation or allergic reactions. Therefore, it is important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional when using topical medications.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that is the causative agent of chlamydia, a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can affect both men and women. It is one of the most common STIs worldwide and can cause a range of clinical manifestations, including urethritis, cervicitis, and epididymitis in men, and cervicitis, salpingitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Chlamydia trachomatis is transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, and can be asymptomatic in many cases, making it difficult to diagnose and treat. If left untreated, chlamydia can lead to serious complications, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic inflammatory disease, which can cause scarring and damage to the reproductive organs. Diagnosis of chlamydia typically involves a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of a urine sample or a swab of the cervix or urethra. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, which can cure the infection and prevent complications. It is important to practice safe sex and get regular STI screenings to prevent the spread of chlamydia and other STIs.

Eye diseases refer to any medical conditions that affect the eyes, including the structures and tissues that make up the eye, as well as the visual system. These conditions can range from minor irritations and infections to more serious and potentially blinding conditions. Some common examples of eye diseases include: 1. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens in the eye that can cause vision loss. 2. Glaucoma: A group of eye diseases that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. 3. Age-related macular degeneration: A progressive eye disease that affects the central part of the retina and can cause vision loss. 4. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that can damage the blood vessels in the retina and lead to vision loss. 5. Retinitis pigmentosa: A genetic disorder that causes progressive vision loss. 6. Conjunctivitis: An inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye. 7. Uveitis: An inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. 8. Corneal dystrophies: A group of inherited conditions that cause abnormal growth of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. 9. Optic neuritis: An inflammation of the optic nerve that can cause vision loss. 10. Strabismus: A condition in which the eyes do not align properly, which can cause double vision. These are just a few examples of the many eye diseases that can affect people. Early detection and treatment are important for preventing vision loss and preserving sight.

Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. It is primarily transmitted to humans through inhalation of respiratory droplets from infected birds, particularly parrots and parakeets. The disease can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected birds or their feces, as well as through contaminated objects or surfaces. Symptoms of psittacosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In severe cases, the disease can lead to pneumonia, meningitis, and even death. Treatment for psittacosis typically involves the use of antibiotics, such as doxycycline or azithromycin. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with infected birds, wearing protective clothing and gloves when handling birds, and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting any objects or surfaces that may have come into contact with infected birds.

In the medical field, Cryptomeria refers to a type of evergreen tree that belongs to the Cupressaceae family. The scientific name of Cryptomeria is Cryptomeria japonica, and it is commonly known as the Japanese cedar or hinoki. Cryptomeria is native to Japan, Korea, and China, and it is widely cultivated in other parts of the world for its wood, which is used in construction, furniture making, and paper production. The tree can grow up to 30 meters tall and has a conical shape with a smooth, gray bark. In traditional medicine, Cryptomeria has been used for a variety of purposes, including as an antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. The essential oil extracted from the tree has been shown to have antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and it is used in some natural remedies for respiratory infections and skin conditions. However, it is important to note that the use of Cryptomeria in medicine should be done under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional, as some of its compounds may have potential side effects or interact with other medications.

Conjunctival diseases refer to any medical conditions that affect the conjunctiva, which is the thin, transparent membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the white part of the eye (sclera). The conjunctiva plays an important role in protecting the eye from foreign particles, infections, and other harmful substances. Conjunctival diseases can be broadly classified into two categories: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious conjunctival diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and can include conditions such as conjunctivitis (pink eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), and trachoma (an infectious disease that causes blindness). Non-infectious conjunctival diseases, on the other hand, are not caused by microorganisms and can include conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis (caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen or dust), chemical conjunctivitis (caused by exposure to irritants such as chemicals or smoke), and dry eye syndrome (caused by a lack of tears or poor tear quality). Treatment for conjunctival diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, simple measures such as washing the eyes with warm water or using over-the-counter eye drops may be sufficient. In more severe cases, prescription medications or surgery may be necessary. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of conjunctival disease, as prompt treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Chlamydia infections are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection can affect both men and women and can cause a range of symptoms, including burning during urination, abnormal vaginal discharge, and pain during sexual intercourse. In women, chlamydia can also cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can lead to serious complications such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Chlamydia infections are typically diagnosed through a urine or vaginal swab test. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, which can cure the infection and prevent complications. However, many people with chlamydia do not experience any symptoms and may not know they have the infection, which is why routine testing and treatment are important for preventing the spread of the disease.

Eye hemorrhage, also known as ocular hemorrhage, is a medical condition in which there is bleeding within the eye or surrounding structures. This can occur in various parts of the eye, including the conjunctiva, retina, choroid, or vitreous humor. The severity of eye hemorrhage can vary depending on the location and amount of bleeding. In some cases, it may be a minor issue that resolves on its own, while in other cases, it can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Eye hemorrhage can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, high blood pressure, blood disorders, eye infections, and certain medications. It can also be a symptom of a more serious underlying condition, such as a brain tumor or bleeding disorder. Treatment for eye hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the bleeding. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, while in other cases, medications or surgery may be required to stop the bleeding and prevent further damage to the eye.

Anti-allergic agents are medications that are used to treat allergic reactions. These reactions are caused by the immune system's response to substances that are normally harmless, such as pollen, dust, or certain foods. Anti-allergic agents work by blocking the release of histamine, a chemical that is responsible for many of the symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as itching, swelling, and redness. There are several types of anti-allergic agents, including: 1. Antihistamines: These are the most commonly used anti-allergic agents. They block the action of histamine and can be used to treat symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and runny nose. 2. Decongestants: These medications help to reduce swelling in the nasal passages and can be used to treat symptoms such as congestion and runny nose. 3. Leukotriene modifiers: These medications block the action of leukotrienes, which are chemicals that can cause inflammation and bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways). They are used to treat symptoms such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. 4. Mast cell stabilizers: These medications prevent the release of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells, which are cells in the immune system that are responsible for allergic reactions. They are used to treat symptoms such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. 5. Corticosteroids: These medications are powerful anti-inflammatory agents that can be used to treat severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis. They are usually given by injection or inhalation. Overall, anti-allergic agents are an important part of the treatment of allergic reactions and can help to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for people with allergies.

Chlamydiaceae infections refer to a group of bacterial infections caused by members of the family Chlamydiaceae. These bacteria are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they require a host cell to survive and replicate. Chlamydiaceae infections can affect a wide range of hosts, including humans, animals, and plants. In humans, Chlamydiaceae infections can cause a variety of diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and trichomoniasis, as well as respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis. These infections can be asymptomatic or cause mild to severe symptoms, depending on the type and severity of the infection. Chlamydiaceae infections are typically diagnosed through laboratory testing, such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, although some strains of chlamydia have become resistant to certain antibiotics. Prevention measures include practicing safe sex, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and getting vaccinated against certain types of chlamydia.

In the medical field, an allergen is a substance that triggers an allergic reaction in a person. When a person with an allergy comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system reacts by producing antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies bind to cells in the body, causing them to release chemicals such as histamine, which can cause symptoms such as itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. Allergens can be found in a wide range of substances, including foods, pollen, dust mites, pet dander, insect stings, and medications. Some common allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs, wheat, soy, fish, and sesame seeds. Allergens can be inhaled, ingested, injected, or touched, and the severity of an allergic reaction can vary widely depending on the individual and the allergen. In severe cases, an allergic reaction can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

Genital diseases in females refer to any medical conditions that affect the female reproductive system, including the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vulva. These diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, hormonal imbalances, genetics, and lifestyle choices. Some common genital diseases in females include: 1. Vulvovaginitis: Inflammation of the vulva and vagina, often caused by a bacterial, yeast, or viral infection. 2. Cervicitis: Inflammation of the cervix, which can be caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other factors. 3. Endometriosis: A condition in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it, causing pain and other symptoms. 4. Ovarian cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries, which can cause pain and other symptoms. 5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): An infection of the reproductive organs that can cause pain, fever, and other symptoms. 6. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder that can cause irregular periods, weight gain, and other symptoms. 7. Vulvar cancer: A rare but serious cancer that affects the vulva. Treatment for genital diseases in females depends on the specific condition and its severity. It may include medications, surgery, or other therapies. It is important for women to see a healthcare provider regularly for check-ups and to discuss any concerns about their reproductive health.

Silver nitrate is a medication that is used in the medical field for a variety of purposes. It is a white or yellowish powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. In medical applications, silver nitrate is typically used as an antiseptic, to treat burns and wounds, and to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is also used to treat eye infections, such as conjunctivitis, and to treat skin conditions, such as acne and eczema. Silver nitrate is available in various forms, including ointments, creams, and solutions, and is typically applied topically to the affected area. It is important to note that silver nitrate can be toxic if ingested, and should be used with caution.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is one of the most common STIs in the world, particularly among young people. Chlamydia can infect both men and women, and can cause infections in the reproductive system, including the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and prostate gland. In women, untreated chlamydia can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause serious complications such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In men, chlamydia can cause epididymitis, which can lead to pain, swelling, and infertility. Chlamydia is typically spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Chlamydia can often be asymptomatic, meaning that people with the infection may not experience any symptoms. This is why routine testing for chlamydia is important, particularly for people who are sexually active and at risk of infection. Treatment for chlamydia typically involves antibiotics, which can cure the infection and prevent complications.

Adenoviruses, human are a group of viruses that infect humans and cause a variety of illnesses, ranging from mild respiratory infections to more severe diseases such as hemorrhagic fever. These viruses are members of the Adenoviridae family and are characterized by their icosahedral shape and double-stranded DNA genome. There are over 50 different types of human adenoviruses, which are classified into seven different species based on their genetic and antigenic properties. Some of the most common types of human adenoviruses include Adenovirus 1, Adenovirus 2, Adenovirus 3, Adenovirus 4, Adenovirus 7, Adenovirus 14, and Adenovirus 55. Human adenoviruses can be transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals, or contaminated surfaces. They can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type of virus and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms of human adenovirus infections include fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, and red eyes. In more severe cases, the virus can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, and other respiratory infections. Human adenoviruses are typically treated with supportive care, such as rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to help control the symptoms of the infection. Vaccines are currently not available for human adenoviruses, but researchers are working on developing new vaccines to prevent and treat these infections.

Enterovirus infections are a group of viral infections caused by enteroviruses, which are a type of RNA virus that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. These viruses are highly contagious and can be transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, or respiratory droplets. Enterovirus infections can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the specific virus and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. In some cases, enterovirus infections can lead to more serious complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and paralysis. There is no specific treatment for enterovirus infections, as the viruses cannot be killed by antibiotics. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and providing supportive care, such as fluids and pain relief. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary. Prevention of enterovirus infections involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contact with infected individuals or surfaces. Vaccines are not currently available for all types of enteroviruses, but some vaccines are in development.

Eye infections caused by bacteria are a common type of eye infection that can affect people of all ages. These infections can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, swelling, itching, discharge, and sensitivity to light. Bacterial eye infections can affect the surface of the eye (conjunctivitis) or the inside of the eye (endophthalmitis). Conjunctivitis is the most common type of bacterial eye infection and can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Endophthalmitis is a more serious infection that can cause vision loss and is typically treated with antibiotics administered directly into the eye. Bacterial eye infections are usually treated with antibiotics, which can be taken orally or applied directly to the eye. In some cases, additional treatment may be necessary to manage symptoms or prevent complications. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a bacterial eye infection, as prompt treatment can help prevent the infection from spreading and reduce the risk of complications.

In the medical field, "Infant, Newborn, Diseases" refers to illnesses or medical conditions that affect infants and newborns. These diseases can range from minor infections to more serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. Some common diseases that can affect infants and newborns include respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis, gastrointestinal infections, such as diarrhea and vomiting, and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Other conditions that can affect infants and newborns include jaundice, congenital anomalies, and birth defects. Infants and newborns are particularly vulnerable to infections and diseases because their immune systems are not fully developed, and they may not have the same level of protection as older children and adults. As a result, it is important for healthcare providers to closely monitor infants and newborns for any signs of illness or disease and to provide prompt and appropriate medical care when necessary.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are medications that are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria, thereby preventing the spread of the infection. There are several types of anti-bacterial agents, including: 1. Penicillins: These are the first antibiotics discovered and are effective against a wide range of bacteria. 2. Cephalosporins: These are similar to penicillins and are effective against many of the same types of bacteria. 3. Macrolides: These antibiotics are effective against bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. 4. Tetracyclines: These antibiotics are effective against a wide range of bacteria and are often used to treat acne. 5. Fluoroquinolones: These antibiotics are effective against a wide range of bacteria and are often used to treat respiratory infections. It is important to note that antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and are not effective against viral infections such as the common cold or flu. Additionally, overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can be more difficult to treat.

Keratitis is a medical condition that refers to inflammation or infection of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Keratitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, exposure to irritants or chemicals, trauma to the eye, and certain autoimmune diseases. Symptoms of keratitis may include redness, pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, blurred vision, and discharge from the eye. If left untreated, keratitis can lead to serious complications, such as corneal ulcers, scarring, and vision loss. Treatment for keratitis depends on the underlying cause and may include the use of antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal medications, eye drops, or in severe cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect you may have keratitis to prevent further damage to your eyes.

Eye infections caused by viruses are a common type of ocular disease. These infections can affect the cornea, conjunctiva, eyelids, and other structures of the eye. Symptoms of viral eye infections may include redness, itching, burning, discharge, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Some viral eye infections can be mild and resolve on their own, while others can be more severe and require medical treatment. Common viruses that can cause eye infections include herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Treatment for viral eye infections may include antiviral medications, pain relief, and measures to prevent the spread of the virus to others. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a viral eye infection, as prompt treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is a type of chlamydia that is transmitted through sexual contact, including anal, vaginal, and oral sex. LGV is most commonly found in men who have sex with men, but it can also affect heterosexual men and women. LGV is characterized by a painful, swollen lymph node in the groin or genital area, which may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and other flu-like symptoms. In some cases, LGV can cause serious complications, such as rectal prolapse, scarring of the rectum and anus, and infertility. LGV is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and laboratory testing of a sample from the affected area. Treatment for LGV typically involves a course of antibiotics, which can be effective in clearing the infection and preventing complications. It is important for individuals who are at risk for LGV to get tested regularly and to practice safe sex to prevent the spread of the infection.

Eye Foreign Bodies refer to any foreign object that enters the eye, causing injury or irritation to the eye's surface or internal structures. These foreign bodies can be anything from small particles of dust or sand to larger objects such as metal shavings, glass fragments, or insect parts. The presence of a foreign body in the eye can cause symptoms such as pain, redness, tearing, sensitivity to light, and vision impairment. If left untreated, a foreign body can cause more serious complications such as infection, corneal ulceration, or damage to the retina. Treatment for eye foreign bodies typically involves removing the object with specialized instruments under local anesthesia. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect you have a foreign body in your eye to prevent further damage.

Atypical bacterial forms refer to bacteria that do not have the typical appearance or characteristics of the species they belong to. These bacteria are often difficult to identify using standard laboratory techniques and may require specialized tests to confirm their identity. Atypical bacterial forms can be found in a variety of infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and meningitis. Some examples of atypical bacteria include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. These bacteria are considered atypical because they do not have a cell wall, which is a defining characteristic of most bacteria. Instead, they have a thin outer membrane that makes them resistant to some antibiotics. They are also smaller and less rod-shaped than typical bacteria, which can make them difficult to identify under a microscope. Diagnosis of atypical bacterial infections often involves a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves antibiotics that are effective against atypical bacteria, although the specific antibiotic used may depend on the species of bacteria involved.

Nasopharyngitis, also known as the common cold, is a viral infection that affects the nasal passages and the pharynx (the back of the throat). It is caused by a variety of viruses, including rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and coronaviruses. Symptoms of nasopharyngitis can include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, headache, and body aches. In most cases, nasopharyngitis is a self-limiting illness that can be treated with over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. However, in some cases, it can lead to more serious complications, such as pneumonia or ear infections.

A corneal ulcer is a painful, open sore or lesion that develops on the surface of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped front part of the eye. It is a common eye condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, trauma, exposure to irritants or chemicals, and certain diseases such as dry eye or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms of a corneal ulcer may include redness, pain, sensitivity to light, tearing, and vision changes. If left untreated, a corneal ulcer can cause serious complications, such as vision loss, scarring, and even perforation of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. Treatment for a corneal ulcer typically involves the use of antibiotics, antiviral, or antifungal medications to clear the infection, as well as the use of eye drops or ointments to reduce inflammation and promote healing. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or repair the cornea. It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you suspect you may have a corneal ulcer, as early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing complications and preserving vision.

Eye infections caused by parasites are a type of ocular disease that can affect the eyes and surrounding structures. These infections are caused by microscopic organisms such as protozoa, helminths, and arthropods that can invade the eye and cause inflammation, irritation, and damage to the eye's tissues. Some common examples of parasitic eye infections include: 1. Trachoma: A bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis that is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects. 2. Onchocerciasis: A parasitic infection caused by the worm Onchocerca volvulus that is transmitted through the bite of infected blackflies. 3. River blindness: Another name for onchocerciasis, which is also known as African trypanosomiasis. 4. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii that can be transmitted through contact with infected cat feces or contaminated food and water. 5. Chagas disease: A parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that is transmitted through the bite of infected triatomine bugs. These infections can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, itching, discharge, pain, and vision loss. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics, antiparasitic medications, or other medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the parasite or repair damage to the eye.

Povidone-iodine is a topical antiseptic solution that contains a mixture of povidone (a water-soluble polymer) and iodine. It is commonly used in the medical field for wound care, skin antisepsis, and surgical preparation. Povidone-iodine is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is available in various strengths and forms, including solutions, gels, and foams. When used properly, povidone-iodine is considered safe and effective for most skin surfaces and can help prevent the spread of infection.

In the medical field, an acute disease is a condition that develops suddenly and progresses rapidly over a short period of time. Acute diseases are typically characterized by severe symptoms and a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Examples of acute diseases include pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, and heart attacks. These diseases require prompt medical attention and treatment to prevent complications and improve outcomes. In contrast, chronic diseases are long-term conditions that develop gradually over time and may persist for years or even decades.

Eyelid diseases refer to a wide range of medical conditions that affect the eyelids, including the skin, glands, muscles, and nerves. These conditions can cause discomfort, pain, redness, swelling, tearing, and vision problems. Some common eyelid diseases include: 1. Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids that can cause redness, itching, burning, and crusty discharge. 2. Meibomian gland dysfunction: A condition where the oil glands in the eyelids become clogged, leading to dryness, irritation, and redness. 3. Chalazion: A cyst that forms on the eyelid due to a blocked oil gland. 4. Stye: An infection of the oil gland at the base of the eyelash, causing redness, swelling, and pain. 5. Entropion: A condition where the eyelid turns inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the cornea and causing irritation and tearing. 6. Ectropion: A condition where the eyelid turns outward, causing dryness, irritation, and tearing. 7. Ptosis: A condition where the eyelid droops, blocking vision. 8. Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin on the eyelids, causing redness, itching, and dryness. 9. Allergic conjunctivitis: An allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust, or pet dander that causes redness, itching, and tearing. 10. Dry eye syndrome: A condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears, causing dryness, irritation, and redness. Treatment for eyelid diseases depends on the specific condition and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of an eyelid disease to prevent further complications.

Coxsackievirus infections are a group of viral infections caused by the Coxsackievirus family of viruses. These viruses are highly contagious and can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, rash, and swelling of the hands and feet. In some cases, Coxsackievirus infections can also cause more serious complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and myocarditis. These infections are most common in children, but can also affect adults. Treatment for Coxsackievirus infections typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In severe cases, antiviral medications may be used to help control the infection.

Rhinitis, allergic, perennial is a type of chronic inflammation of the nasal passages that is caused by an allergic reaction to substances such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It is called "perennial" because it can occur all year round, rather than just during certain seasons. Symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis may include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, and postnasal drip. Treatment typically involves avoiding triggers whenever possible, as well as medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids. In some cases, immunotherapy (allergy shots) may also be recommended.

Dibenzoxepins are a class of organic compounds that contain a dibenzoxepine ring system. They are a subclass of the more general class of dibenzocycloheptadienes. Dibenzoxepins have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, including their ability to act as anti-inflammatory agents, anti-cancer agents, and anti-arrhythmic agents. Some dibenzoxepins have also been shown to have neuroprotective effects and may have potential as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

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... and conjunctivitis are typically absent in scarlet fever; such symptoms indicate what is more likely a viral infection. Strep ... Viral exanthem: Viral infections are often accompanied by a rash which can be described as morbilliform or maculopapular. This ... type of rash is accompanied by a prodromal period of cough and runny nose in addition to a fever, indicative of a viral process ...
This viral disease spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, and hand-to-eye contact. Treatment typically ... Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, manifests through symptoms like redness, inflammation, painful eyes, and increased tearing. ... In September 2023, there was an occurrence of conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, in multiple cities across ...
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Other symptoms may include lymphadenitis, fever, excessive salivation, and conjunctivitis.[citation needed] Animals produce a ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post- ...
Only one patient with conjunctivitis found viral RNA in his tear fluid and conjunctival secretion twice." WHO Situation Report ...
Following persistent infection the concentration of viral DNA reaches a critical limit. Antibody responses against the viral ... Lid vesicles and conjunctivitis are seen in primary infection. Corneal involvement is rarely seen in primary infection. ... But on the viral aciclovir eye ointment q.i.d can be used together a systemic antiviral drug t.d.s for 10/7. : Epithelial ... Demonstration of HSV is possible with viral culture. Serologic tests may show a rising antibody titer during primary infection ...
... viral systemic diseases including hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, poliomyelitis, human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes ... conjunctivitis, gonorrhea, lymphogranuloma venereum and other sexually transmitted infections. Applying the mouth to the ...
Symptoms include conjunctivitis, squinting, eye discharge, and blood vessels on the cornea. It can cause severe scarring. ... Treatment is with topical antiviral drugs and antibiotics, and oral L-lysine, which competes with arginine and inhibits viral ... Ocular Pain Blepharospasm Increased lacrimation Photophobia Corneal Oedema (1⁰/2⁰) Scleral injection Conjunctivitis ... although staining with Rose Bengal is also recommended as it can pick up early viral/fungal lesions, which will appear as ...
She withdrew from the 2001 Goodwill Games due to blurred vision in her left eye caused by viral conjunctivitis. Her coach, ...
Puffinosis is a viral disease of in which young birds get blisters on their feet, conjunctivitis, and problems with movement. ...
However purulent conjunctival discharge and hemorrhaging were not observed as opposed to conjunctivitis brought on by viral or ... weight loss and conjunctivitis including blurred vision, photophobia and ocular pain. Within the sclera, white, opaque nodules ...
The disease first presents with fever, headache, vomiting, and conjunctivitis, then progresses to neurological symptoms ( ... Rocio viral encephalitis is an epidemic flaviviral disease of humans first observed in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 1975. Low- ... O. Souza Lopes, Francisco P. Pinheiro, and L. B. Iversson: "Rocio Viral Encephalitis", in: Handbook of Zoonoses, Second Edition ... Domingues, Renan Barros; Teixeira, Antônio Lúcio (2009). "Management of acute viral encephalitis in Brazil". Braz J Infect Dis ...
Viral and bacterial causes of canine cough are spread through airborne droplets produced by sneezing and coughing. These agents ... Symptoms are more severe than the first form, and may include rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and fever, in addition to a hacking ... Viral infections such as canine parainfluenza or canine coronavirus are only spread for roughly one week following recovery; ...
The viral RNA material will undergo several changes and processes inside the host's cell so that it can release more viral RNA ... and conjunctivitis. Symptoms can last several days to weeks, but death resulting from this infection is rare. Most people ... Hint: A viral lure "Zika Symptoms". CDC. 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-09-16. "Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment , West Nile Virus ... Kerr, Peter (2013). "Viral Infections of Rabbits". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice. 16 (2): 437-468 ...
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins ... Diseases associated with this genus include: conjunctivitis, immunosuppression in foals, pneumonia, respiratory disease. The ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
... conjunctivitis, and 'oily hair' associated with steatorrhea. There are four serotypes, or distinct variations within the viral ... Mammalian orthoreovirus' viral proteins and its genomic RNAs aggregate in cytoplasm viral factories. The positive and negative ... viral core. This process occurs in this manner so the viral double stranded RNA is not exposed to the cytoplasm, as this would ... The viral core of MRV, and orthoreoviruses alike, consist of an inner capsid layer plus its enclosed viral genome. The ...
The viral genome encodes viral structural protein. Virions consist of 1 viral structural protein (major species), or 2 Viral ... Diseases associated with this genus include: respiratory disease, Feline calicivirus (FCV); conjunctivitis, and respiratory ... Viral structural protein: Capsid protein has a molar mass of 58000-60000 Da; is the coat protein. Capsid protein has a ... Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates ...
An inactivated viral vaccine is available, as well as various combination vaccines. A thermotolerant vaccine is available for ... Nelson, CB; Pomeroy, BS; Schrall, K; Park, WE; Lindeman, RJ (Jun 1952). "An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to Newcastle disease ... Strains of Newcastle disease virus have also been used to create viral vector vaccine candidates against Ebola and Covid-19. ... Kuruppu, D; Tanabe, KK (May 2005). "Viral oncolysis by herpes simplex virus and other viruses". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 4 (5 ...
A unique step in the viral replication cycle of flaviviruses is viral entry. For flaviviruses, Env proteins on the virion ... More serious complications have occurred, including conjunctivitis, hematuria, hematospermia, aphthous ulcer, and epistaxis. ... The conserved replication cycle consists of viral entry, virion fusion with the endosome and release of viral RNA, genome ... These methods also aid in the prevention of misdiagnosis of Spondweni viral infection with other viral infections and ...
The substance is contraindicated in herpes simplex and most other viral eye infections, as well as mycobacterial, fungal and ... Rimexolone is used to treat inflammation after eye surgery, to treat anterior uveitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis. ...
Infections responsible for CNV range from bacterial (chlamydia, syphilis, pseudomonas), viral (herpes simplex & herpes zoster ... atopic conjunctivitis, rosacea, ocular pemphigoid, Lyell's syndrome, and Steven's Johnson syndrome. ...
1]. The long segment (around 7200 nucleotides in length) encodes the viral polymerase and a zinc-binding protein. The virus is ... Symptoms of the disease are conjunctivitis, purpura, petechiae and occasionally sepsis. The symptoms of the disease can be ... The GPC is subsequently cleaved to form two viral glycoproteins, GP1 and GP2, which ultimately form the T-shaped glycoprotein ... spike which extends outwards from the viral envelope. [ ...
Animal viral diseases, Arthropod-borne viral fevers and viral haemorrhagic fevers, Biological weapons, Hemorrhagic fevers, ... conjunctivitis, and malaise. Early Organ Phase: Day 5 up to Day 13. Symptoms include prostration, dyspnea, edema, conjunctival ... Weidmann, M.; Hufert, F. T.; Sall, A. A. (2007). "Viral load among patients infected with Marburgvirus in Angola". Journal of ... Marburg virus disease (MVD; formerly Marburg hemorrhagic fever) is a viral hemorrhagic fever in human and non-human primates ...
Aphakia Blepharitis Buphthalmos Cataracts Coloboma Cone dystrophy Congenital abnormalities of the eye Viral conjunctivitis ... "Conjunctivitis". Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Retrieved December 11, 2009. "Corneal ulcer". Merck Manual of Diagnosis ...
... conjunctivitis), swelling over the eye (supraorbital edema), urticaria, and swelling of the limbs and under the belly (the ... Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a disease of horses caused by a virus of the species Alphaarterivirus equid, an RNA virus. It ... Blood samples, nasal swabs and semen can be used for isolation of the virus, detection of the viral RNA by reverse ... The short film Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) - A Manageable Problem is available for free viewing and download at the Internet ...
Viral conjunctivitis, or pinkeye (see the image below), is a common, self-limiting condition that is typically caused by ... encoded search term (Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)) and Viral Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) What to Read Next on Medscape ... Adenoviral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis. Particular subtypes of adenoviral conjunctivitis ... Viral conjunctivitis can affect all age groups, depending on the specific viral etiology. Usually, adenovirus affects patients ...
Viral Conjunctivitis - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... viral Viral Conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious acute conjunctival infection usually caused by an ... Etiology of Viral Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis may accompany the common cold and other systemic viral infections (especially ... Diagnosis of conjunctivitis and differentiation between bacterial Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis Acute conjunctivitis can be ...
... conjunctivitis) is inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the eyelid. Read about the symptoms, causes, and ... Bacterial or viral infection. *Allergies *Substances that cause irritation. *Contact lens products, eye drops, or eye ointments ... Allergic conjunctivitis (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Conjunctivitis or pink eye (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ... Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pink eye. It involves inflammation of the outer layer of the eye and inside of the ...
Viral Conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is characterized by acute or subacute onset, minimal pain level, and, often, ... Viral etiologies are more common than bacterial, and incidence of viral conjunctivitis increases in the late fall and early ... Fitch et al noted that viral conjunctivitis occurs more frequently in the summer, and bacterial conjunctivitis occurs more ... An aggressive form of allergic conjunctivitis is vernal conjunctivitis in children and atopic conjunctivitis in adults. Vernal ...
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. In: Darrell RW, editor. Viral disease of the eye. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1985. p. 165- ... Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a rapidly progressive and highly contagious viral disease that is primarily caused by ... Oh MD, Park S, Choi Y, Kim H, Lee K, Park W, Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackievirus A24 variant, South Korea ... Dussart P, Carted P, Huguet P, Leveque N, Hajjar C, Morvan J, Outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in French Guiana and ...
What causes viral conjunctivitis?. Viral conjunctivitis is caused by viral infections, commonly adenovirus, microRNA virus, ... Since viral conjunctivitis is mainly transmitted through contact, so objects that have touched the patients tears, secretions ...
Viral Eye Flu Conjuctivitis Cases In India Increasing Rapidly Now a days ..So understand it & learn how to manage it. ... 1. Viral Conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads rapidly through direct contact with infected ... While viral and bacterial conjunctivitis require proper hygiene and medical intervention, allergic and chemical conjunctivitis ... Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks.. *Apply warm compresses to soothe the eyes and reduce ...
Conjunctivitis. Patients with clear viral symptoms do not need testing for group A strep. However, clinicians cannot use ... History and clinical examination can be used to diagnose viral pharyngitis when clear viral symptoms are present. Viral ... Clinicians should not treat viral pharyngitis with antibiotics.. Penicillin or amoxicillin is the antibiotic of choice to treat ... These symptoms strongly suggest a viral etiology.. On clinical examination, patients with group A strep pharyngitis usually ...
The origin of the Education Department of Manipur dates back to 1903 when Rev. Pattigrew an educationist and a philanthropist became the first honorary inspector of schools under the Education Department of Assam. Prior to 1950 there was no separate Department of Education in Manipur. A separate Department of Education was created for the first time in Manipur on the 20th January 1950 with Shri T.Kipgen as Asstt. Secretary to the Government of Manipur ...
Viral conjunctivitis. X. X. Warts s. X. X 1. X. X. X. X. ... Bacterial conjunctivitis. X. X. X. Calluses and corns. X. X 1. ... viral skin infections (common and flat warts) in Newfoundland and Labrador. ♾ Conditions for which pharmacists are authorized ... conjunctivitis, and insect bites [32]. Meaningful patient involvement was key to the regulatory development process as it ... antimicrobial resistance continues to be a significant public health threat as antibiotics are frequently prescribed for viral ...
Conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is commonly called pinkeye. A viral or bacterial infection in the conjunctiva often causes it. ... Allergens often cause chemosis, but a bacterial or viral infection can also trigger it. Along with swelling, symptoms may ...
Although there is no FDA-approved treatment for adenoviral conjunctivitis, in vitro testing has shown that povidone-iodine (PVP ... Half the enroll-ees (n = 28) had detectable viral titers at baseline. By day 4 following treat-ment, viral titers were 2.5% ± ... They found that 5% PVP-I was well tolerated and that it reduced viral load for patients who presented within several days of ... Even so, they said, the data suggest that a single in-office administration of 5% PVP-I may speed viral-load reduction, leading ...
65 20 29 Conjunctivitis, rickettsial, organism specified NEC (acute) (chronic) (subacute) 65 20 29 Conjunctivitis, viral, type ... 65 20 40 Conjunctivitis, due to smoke (chemical) 65 20 41 Conjunctivitis, chemical 65 20 46 Conjunctivitis, thermal (acetylene ... viral, organism not specified (acute) (chronic) (subacute) 65 20 21 Conjunctivitis,due to herpes simplex (acute) (chronic) ( ... 65 20 20 Conjunctivitis, viral, type not specified (acute) (chronic) (follicular) (infection) (infective) (subacute) 65 20 20 ...
... or Four-drug Regimens as Maintenance Therapy in Patients who have Already Achieved Viral Suppression ... conjunctivitis); fever; dark urine; or pain on the right side of the stomach area (abdominal pain). ... Your healthcare professional will measure your viral load.. EDURANT® should be taken in combination with other HIV medicines. ... Who have an amount of HIV in their blood (called "viral load") that is no more than 100,000 copies/mL. ...
Viral Conjunctivitis * Viral Infections * Visual Discomfort * Visual Disturbance * Visual Impairment * Vitamin Poisoning ...
Categories: Conjunctivitis, Viral Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Viral Conjunctivitis...361 • Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study...362 • Morning Glory Disc...363 • Visual Acuity Testing in ... Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis...123 • Perception of Form...124 • Convergence Insufficiency...125 MAY Homonymous Hemianopia... ... Allergic Conjunctivitis...19 • J. Donald Gass...20 • Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome...21 • Chemical Injury...22 • Acquired ... Chlamydial Conjunctivitis...203 • Orbital Floor Fracture...204 • Juvenile Xanthogranuloma...205 • Marginal Ulcer...206 • ...
Complications can include viral conjunctivitis; hand, foot and mouth disease; viral meningitis (infection of the covering of ...
Conjunctivitis (bacterial and/or viral): Readmit after a physicians certificate or health permit is obtained or after ... Gastroenteritis, viral: Readmit when diarrhea subsides.. Hepatitis, viral type A: Readmit after 1 week from onset of illness. ... Meningitis, viral (Aseptic meningitis): Rarely serious. Usually caused by common viruses such as herpes simplex, adenovirus, or ...
"My work focuses on viral entry and trafficking. We specifically work on viruses that cause conjunctivitis, commonly known as ... So, when I started my work, I wanted to try and find out: why and how does specific viral entry occur? These are viruses that ... Her research is not translational, which is to say the focus is not on how to cure conjunctivitis, in part because the ...
Conjunctivitis (bacterial, allergic, and viral).. *Dermatitis (atopic, eczema, allergic, and contact).. *Dysmenorrhea. ... COVID-19 and other viral illnesses have been putting this vision to the test. ...
If you are using antibiotic medications for a viral infection such as conjunctivitis, you should follow the instructions that ... Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, happens when the white part of the eyeball becomes inflamed. Those who suffer from ... these lubricants can help add moisture to provide dry eye relief or reduce irritation caused by allergies or conjunctivitis. ...
Twenty-eight patients were suspected of viral conjunctivitis. Of these, none had performed a coronavirus test during the ... Profile of infectious conjunctivitis at Garoua Regional Hospital Auteurs : N. Bra Eyatcha Bimingo, A. Dohvoma, J. Njoya Mare, ... Profile of infectious conjunctivitis at Garoua Regional Hospital. N. Bra Eyatcha Bimingo, A. Dohvoma, J. Njoya Mare, L. Bella ... Conclusion: Infectious conjunctivitis is common, dominated by bacterial etiology. The search for an etiological diagnosis ...
At first, I wondered if I had a viral conjunctivitis but there wasnt any drainage or feeling of irritation. Or ... ...
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, can be infectious or non-infectious. Want to know the difference? Read this months ... Symptoms and Treatment of Conjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is typically highly contagious and easy to spread. It is ... viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limited, which means it will resolve on its own after a short time. Typically with viral ... Viral conjunctivitis usually produces a watery discharge. Typically the infection starts in one eye and quickly spreads to the ...
Implications of recent viral studies Cite CITE. Title : Implications of recent viral studies Personal Author(s) : Huebner, ... Conjunctivitis in elementary schools Cite CITE. Title : Conjunctivitis in elementary schools Personal Author(s) : Davis, ... Huebner, Robert J. "Implications of recent viral studies" 72, no. 5 (1957). Huebner, Robert J. "Implications of recent viral ... Neisseria meningitidis isolated from case of acute conjunctivitis Cite CITE. Title : Neisseria meningitidis isolated from case ...
  • Viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious acute conjunctival infection usually caused by an adenovirus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Conjunctivitis Conjunctival inflammation typically results from infection, allergy, or irritation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Measles Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that is most common among children. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, a rare conjunctivitis associated with infection by enterovirus type 70, have occurred in Africa and Asia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A history of a recent upper respiratory infection (URI) is typically associated with a viral cause. (medscape.com)
  • Allergens often cause chemosis, but a bacterial or viral infection can also trigger it. (healthline.com)
  • A viral or bacterial infection in the conjunctiva often causes it. (healthline.com)
  • viral meningitis (infection of the covering of the spinal cord and/or brain), myocarditis (infection of the heart), pericarditis (infection of the sac around the heart), encephalitis (infection of the brain), and paralysis. (havasuregional.com)
  • If you are using antibiotic medications for a viral infection such as conjunctivitis, you should follow the instructions that come with the medication. (ebay.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Infectious conjunctivitis is caused by infection with a variety of bacteria and viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Only 20% of people with Zika virus infection show symptoms, which include mild fever, skin rash and conjunctivitis. (who.int)
  • A preceding viral infection was reported in 88% of these cases and retrospective analysis demonstrated that all 42 cases had serological tests suggesting prior dengue and Zika virus infections. (who.int)
  • Conjunctivitis, which is defined as inflammation of the bulbar and/or palpebral conjunctiva (the transparent lubricating mucous membrane that covers both the surface of the eye and lining of the undersurface of the eyelids), has many etiologies, including infection from various bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as toxic and allergic insults. (medscape.com)
  • Remember - in contrast with the bacterial and viral types of infection, which are both highly contagious, allergic conjunctivitis is not at all communicable. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition involving inflammation and in some instances infection of the conjunctiva . (bvsalud.org)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious, usually for 10-12 days from onset as long as the eyes are red. (medscape.com)
  • Mumps Mumps is an acute, contagious, systemic viral disease, usually causing painful enlargement of the salivary glands, most commonly the parotids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is a rapidly progressive and highly contagious viral disease that is primarily caused by 2 distinct enteroviruses: enterovirus 70 (EV70) and a variant of coxsackievirus A24 (CA24v). (cdc.gov)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads rapidly through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is typically highly contagious and easy to spread. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Conjunctivitis is a common contagious cat eye problem that is associated with strays and unvaccinated kittens. (petplace.com)
  • This type of conjunctivitis is highly contagious. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • This type of conjunctivitis is also contagious. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • Unlike the other two types of conjunctivitis, this type is not contagious. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • The most common ways to get the contagious forms of conjunctivitis are by direct contact with an infected person, spreading the bacteria from one's own nose to their eyes, and by not cleaning contact lenses properly. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • however, depending on the immune status of the patient and the etiology, conjunctivitis can progress to increasingly severe and sight-threatening infections. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis is spread through contact with an infected individual, exposure to contaminated surfaces, or through other means such as sinus or ear infections. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
  • See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
  • Other things besides infections can cause conjunctivitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this account, the authors provide laboratory confirmation that the first suspected viral hemorrhagic fever cases in Angola were yellow fever virus infections and reported preliminary sequencing data. (cdc.gov)
  • It has several causes including viral infections (such as herpesvirus or calicivirus), chlamydial eye infections, and bacterial eye infections. (petplace.com)
  • Conjunctivitis can also occur secondary to Chlamydial and Gonococcal infections and new-born infants can acquire it during the birthing process from infected mothers . (bvsalud.org)
  • The fall and winter months are known to be the main season for viral infections which is also reflected in the ophthalmological outpatient clinics. (bvsalud.org)
  • Let's explore the five main types of conjunctivitis and gain insights into their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Understanding the different types of conjunctivitis is crucial in recognizing the symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • There is however a challenge in distinguishing between the various types of conjunctivitis due to the similarity in the symptoms and due to a lack of tests and prediction algorithms , thus antibiotic therapy is often incorrectly initiated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conjunctivitis is one of the most common nontraumatic eye complaints resulting in presentation to the emergency department (ED): 3% of all ED visits are ocular related, and conjunctivitis is responsible for approximately 30% of all eye complaints. (medscape.com)
  • Ocular tropism is not limited to these serotypes, and other enteroviruses, e.g., echovirus 7 and 11, coxsackievirus B1 and B2, and non-enteroviruses (adenoviruses), can also cause conjunctivitis ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Excluded from participation were patients with iodine allergy, thyroid disease, recent ocular surgery, and ocular findings that did not suggest early-stage adenoviral conjunctivitis. (aao.org)
  • These symptoms strongly suggest a viral etiology. (cdc.gov)
  • Conjunctivitis is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of your conjunctiva. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Allergic Conjunctivitis The conjunctiva is the clear, thin layer that covers the white of your eye and the inside of your eyelids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pink Eye (also known as conjunctivitis ) is an inflammation of the conjunctiva - the clear tissue covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • GPC is a less common type of conjunctivitis, typically associated with wearing contact lenses for extended periods. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Approximately 1 in 4 patients with acute conjunctivitis have confirmed adenoviral conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
  • Several studies demonstrate that acute conjunctivitis occurs with almost equal frequency between bacterial and viral causes. (medscape.com)
  • Adenoplus detects all known serotypes of adenoviral conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis is supportive. (medscape.com)
  • Although PVP-I has been used off-label for many years to treat adenoviral conjunctivitis, there have been few clinical trials of its use as monotherapy. (aao.org)
  • For this study, the authors recruited patients presumed to have adenoviral conjunctivitis who were screened at one of nine participating clinics in the United States. (aao.org)
  • A key secondary outcome was improvement of clinical signs and symptoms of adenoviral conjunctivitis, as assessed by patients and clinicians. (aao.org)
  • An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) occurred in Rio de Janeiro in 2004. (cdc.gov)
  • On January 14, 2016, the authors received whole blood samples from 3 patients who resided in Luanda, Angola, and were suspected of having viral hemorrhagic fever. (cdc.gov)
  • Family members with similar complaints typically present with conjunctivitis from an infectious cause. (medscape.com)
  • Conjunctivitis can be infectious or non-infectious. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Viruses are the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Non-infectious conjunctivitis can be caused by allergic reactions, chemical exposure, and even contact lens overwear. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • What are the symptoms of infectious conjunctivitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • How can doctors tell if I have infectious conjunctivitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • How do doctors treat infectious conjunctivitis? (msdmanuals.com)
  • If doctors think your infectious conjunctivitis might be caused by bacteria, they'll give you antibiotic eye drops or ointment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Only about 30% of primary care patients with infectious conjunctivitis are confirmed to have bacterial conjunctivitis, although 80% are treated with antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • Viral conjunctivitis, or pinkeye (see the image below), is a common, self-limiting condition that typically is caused by adenovirus. (medscape.com)
  • Conjunctivitis is commonly called pinkeye. (healthline.com)
  • Viruses are a common cause of conjunctivitis in patients of all ages. (medscape.com)
  • We specifically work on viruses that cause conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye," Rajaiya says. (unm.edu)
  • Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a severe form of viral conjunctivitis that is usually caused by adenovirus serotypes Ad 5, 8, 11, 13, 19, and 37. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Commonly caused by adenovirus, this form of conjunctivitis leads to red, itchy, and watery eyes. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Conjunctivitis and facial redness are two side effects Fassett sometimes sees with dupilumab. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of acute uncomplicated conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses and bacteria is mostly symptomatic. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis is another common type of eye flu, often caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Depending on what your needs are, these lubricants can help add moisture to provide dry eye relief or reduce irritation caused by allergies or conjunctivitis. (ebay.com)
  • Treatment of viral conjunctivitis usually involves supportive therapies, such as cool compresses and lubricating drops, as needed. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Genotype HAdV-D is associated with conjunctivitis and HAdV-D53 and HAdV-D54 have been associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Caution and appropriate personal protective equipment should be used when examining patients with conjunctivitis, systemic symptoms, and travel from high-risk regions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • however, to most patients, conjunctivitis (often called pink eye) is a diagnosis in its own right. (medscape.com)
  • In prospective observational cohort study of 368 patients, Meltzer et al sought to identify children at low risk for bacterial conjunctivitis. (medscape.com)
  • They found that 5% PVP-I was well tolerated and that it reduced viral load for patients who presented within several days of symptom onset. (aao.org)
  • Even so, they said, the data suggest that a single in-office administration of 5% PVP-I may speed viral-load reduction, leading to faster resolution of symptoms in patients who are treated promptly. (aao.org)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is often accompanied by symptoms of the upper and lower respiratory tract, fever, chills, arthralgia or skin lesions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among persons who received testing, 1,541 (34.0%) reported at least one Zika virus-associated sign or symptom (e.g., fever, rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis), 436 (9.6%) reported at least one other clinical sign or symptom only, and 2,557 (56.4%) reported no signs or symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Characteristic clinical symptoms include acute fever with initial maculopapular rash, arthralgia and conjunctivitis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cultures can be completed for chlamydial and other bacterial organisms, as well as for viral agents. (medscape.com)
  • Transmission may occur through accidental inoculation of viral particles from the patient's hands or by direct eye contact with infected upper respiratory droplets, fomites, or contaminated swimming pools. (medscape.com)
  • So, when I started my work, I wanted to try and find out: why and how does specific viral entry occur? (unm.edu)
  • Allergic conjunctivitis comes from an allergic reaction to pollen, animals, cigarette smoke, pool chlorine, car fumes or something else in the environment. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • Allergic conjunctivitis is a response to allergens like pollen, pet dander, dust mites, or mold spores. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Avoiding allergens is the primary step to manage allergic conjunctivitis. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by environmental allergens is very common in Austin. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Viral etiologies are more common than bacterial, and incidence of viral conjunctivitis increases in the late fall and early spring. (medscape.com)
  • Cold and flu are often the offending parties this time of year, but we can't forget about conjunctivitis, another common condition that plagues children and adults alike. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • The most common symptom of allergic conjunctivitis is itching. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • The most common problem is one called conjunctivitis. (petplace.com)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is the most common, and it is usually caused by the same virus that causes runny nose and sore throat in people with the common cold. (rscharfmanmd.com)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is one of the most common acute eye diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antibiotic eye drops or ointments prescribed by a healthcare professional can effectively treat bacterial conjunctivitis. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is typically accomplished with topical antibiotic eye drops and/or eye ointments. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Over-the-counter or prescription eye drops containing antihistamines are often used for treating allergic conjunctivitis. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Treatment of VZV eye disease includes high-dose oral acyclovir to terminate viral replication. (medscape.com)
  • After day 4, both groups had marked declines in viral titers and sign/symptom severity, and there were no meaningful differences between the groups. (aao.org)
  • Generally, a diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis is made on the clinical features alone. (medscape.com)
  • The differential diagnosis of acute pharyngitis includes multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The laboratory diagnosis is usually performed by testing the plasma or serum to detect the virus, viral nucleic acid or virus specific immunoglobulin M and neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rarely, viral conjunctivitis can trigger inflammatory responses that can affect vision and require intervention by your eye doctor. (brobergeyecare.com)
  • Viral conjunctivitis is often self-limiting leaving no residual symptoms, however an ophthalmologist should be consulted if there are inflammatory symptoms of the anterior eye accompanied by visual disturbance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent the disease or any specific anti-viral treatment available. (who.int)
  • For contact lens wearers, careful maintenance and consultation with an eye care professional are essential to prevent Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Fitch et al noted that viral conjunctivitis occurs more frequently in the summer, and bacterial conjunctivitis occurs more often in the winter and spring. (medscape.com)
  • Chemical conjunctivitis occurs when the eyes come into contact with irritating substances like household cleaners, chlorine, or industrial chemicals. (veditiayurveda.com)
  • Conjunctivitis is the medical name for pink eye. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, happens when the white part of the eyeball becomes inflamed. (ebay.com)
  • Cellular infiltration and exudation characterize conjunctivitis on a cellular level. (medscape.com)