Congo Red
Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Amyloid
Amyloidosis
Shigella flexneri
Phenolsulfonphthalein
Monkeypox
Microscopy, Polarization
Birefringence
Porphyromonas
Hemin
Staining and Labeling
Agar
Prion domain initiation of amyloid formation in vitro from native Ure2p. (1/365)
The [URE3] non-Mendelian genetic element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an infectious protein (prion) form of Ure2p, a regulator of nitrogen catabolism. Here, synthetic Ure2p1-65 were shown to polymerize to form filaments 40 to 45 angstroms in diameter with more than 60 percent beta sheet. Ure2p1-65 specifically induced full-length native Ure2p to copolymerize under conditions where native Ure2p alone did not polymerize. Like Ure2p in extracts of [URE3] strains, these 180- to 220-angstrom-diameter filaments were protease resistant. The Ure2p1-65-Ure2p cofilaments could seed polymerization of native Ure2p to form thicker, less regular filaments. All filaments stained with Congo Red to produce the green birefringence typical of amyloid. This self-propagating amyloid formation can explain the properties of [URE3]. (+info)Designing conditions for in vitro formation of amyloid protofilaments and fibrils. (2/365)
We have been able to convert a small alpha/beta protein, acylphosphatase, from its soluble and native form into insoluble amyloid fibrils of the type observed in a range of pathological conditions. This was achieved by allowing slow growth in a solution containing moderate concentrations of trifluoroethanol. When analyzed with electron microscopy, the protein aggregate present in the sample after long incubation times consisted of extended, unbranched filaments of 30-50 A in width that assemble subsequently into higher order structures. This fibrillar material possesses extensive beta-sheet structure as revealed by far-UV CD and IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the fibrils exhibit Congo red birefringence, increased fluorescence with thioflavine T and cause a red-shift of the Congo red absorption spectrum. All of these characteristics are typical of amyloid fibrils. The results indicate that formation of amyloid occurs when the native fold of a protein is destabilized under conditions in which noncovalent interactions, and in particular hydrogen bonding, within the polypeptide chain remain favorable. We suggest that amyloid formation is not restricted to a small number of protein sequences but is a property common to many, if not all, natural polypeptide chains under appropriate conditions. (+info)Amylopectinosis in fetal and neonatal Quarter Horses. (3/365)
Three Quarter Horses, a stillborn filly (horse No. 1), a female fetus aborted at approximately 6 months of gestation (horse No. 2), and a 1-month-old colt that had been weak at birth (horse No. 3), had myopathy characterized histologically by large spherical or ovoid inclusions in skeletal and cardiac myofibers. Smaller inclusions were also found in brain and spinal cord and in some cells of all other tissues examined. These inclusions were basophilic, red-purple after staining with periodic acid-Schiff (both before and after digestion with diastase), and moderately dark blue after staining with toluidine blue. The inclusions did not react when stained with Congo red. Staining with iodine ranged from pale blue to black. Their ultrastructural appearance varied from amorphous to somewhat filamentous. On the basis of staining characteristics and diastase resistance, we concluded that these inclusions contained amylopectin. A distinctly different kind of inclusion material was also present in skeletal muscle and tongue of horse Nos. 1 and 3. These inclusions were crystalline with a sharply defined ultrastructural periodicity. The crystals were eosinophilic and very dark blue when stained with toluidine blue but did not stain with iodine. Crystals sometimes occurred freely within the myofibers but more often were encased by deposits of amylopectin. This combination of histologic and ultrastructural features characterizes a previously unreported storage disease in fetal and neonatal Quarter Horses, with findings similar to those of glycogen storage disease type IV. We speculate that a severe inherited loss of glycogen brancher enzyme activity may be responsible for these findings. The relation of amylopectinosis to the death of the foals is unknown. (+info)A simple manganous chloride and Congo red disc method for differentiating Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Neisseria meningitidis. (4/365)
Manganous chloride and Congo red incorporated into blotting paper discs have been used to differentiate gonococci from meningococci. The new technique is simple and reliable; the materials for the test are inexpensive. The method will increase the efficiency of distinguishing between the pathogenic Neisseria in any clinical bacteriology laboratory and especially in those in the tropical areas. (+info)Inhibition of fibril formation in beta-amyloid peptide by a novel series of benzofurans. (5/365)
A series of benzofuran derivatives have been identified as inhibitors of fibril formation in the beta-amyloid peptide. The activity of these compounds has been assessed by a novel fibril-formation-specific immunoassay and for their effects on the production of a biologically active fibril product. The inhibition afforded by the compounds seems to be associated with their binding to beta-amyloid, as identified by scintillation proximity binding assay. Binding assays and NMR studies also indicate that the inhibition is associated with self-aggregation of the compounds. There is a close correlation between the activity of the benzofurans as inhibitors of fibril formation and their ability to bind to beta-amyloid. Non-benzofuran inhibitors of the fibril formation process do not seem to bind to the same site on the beta-amyloid molecule as the benzofurans. Thus a specific recognition site might exist for benzofurans on beta-amyloid, binding to which seems to interfere with the ability of the peptide to form fibrils. (+info)Role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1p in morphogenesis and virulence of Candida albicans. (6/365)
The relevance of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Hog1p in Candida albicans was addressed through the characterization of C. albicans strains without a functional HOG1 gene. Analysis of the phenotype of hog1 mutants under osmostressing conditions revealed that this mutant displays a set of morphological alterations as the result of a failure to complete the final stages of cytokinesis, with parallel defects in the budding pattern. Even under permissive conditions, hog1 mutants displayed a different susceptibility to some compounds such as nikkomycin Z or Congo red, which interfere with cell wall functionality. In addition, the hog1 mutant displayed a colony morphology different from that of the wild-type strain on some media which promote morphological transitions in C. albicans. We show that C. albicans hog1 mutants are derepressed in the serum-induced hyphal formation and, consistently with this behavior, that HOG1 overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae represses the pseudodimorphic transition. Most interestingly, deletion of HOG1 resulted in a drastic increase in the mean survival time of systemically infected mice, supporting a role for this MAP kinase pathway in virulence of pathogenic fungi. This finding has potential implications in antifungal therapy. (+info)Deletion of new covalently linked cell wall glycoproteins alters the electrophoretic mobility of phosphorylated wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (7/365)
The incorporation of radioactive orthophosphate into the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. 33P-labeled cell walls were extensively extracted with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Of the remaining insoluble radioactivity more than 90% could be released by laminarinase. This radioactive material stayed in the stacking gel during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis but entered the separating gel upon treatment with N-glycosidase F, indicating that phosphate was linked directly or indirectly to N-mannosylated glycoproteins. The phosphate was bound to covalently linked cell wall proteins as mannose-6-phosphate, the same type of linkage shown previously for soluble mannoproteins (L. Ballou, L. M. Hernandez, E. Alvarado, and C. E. Ballou, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:3368-3372, 1990). From the phosphate-labeled glycoprotein fraction released by laminarinase, three cell wall mannoproteins, Ccw12p, Ccw13p and Ccw14p, were isolated and identified by N-terminal sequencing. For Ccw13p (encoded by DAN1 [also called TIR3]) and Ccw12p the association with the cell wall has not been described before; Ccw14p is identical with cell wall protein Icwp (I. Moukadiri, J. Armero, A. Abad, R. Sentandreu, and J. Zueco, J. Bacteriol. 179:2154-2162, 1997). In ccw12, ccw13, or ccw14 single or double mutants neither the amount of radioactive phosphate incorporated into cell wall proteins nor its position in the stacking gel was changed. However, the triple mutant brought about a shift of the 33P-labeled glycoprotein components from the stacking gel into the separating gel. The disruption of CCW12 results in a pronounced sensitivity of the cells to calcofluor white and Congo red. In addition, the ccw12 mutant shows a decrease in mating efficiency and a defect in agglutination. (+info)Histochemically reactive zinc in plaques of the Swedish mutant beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. (8/365)
Endogenous metals such as zinc may contribute to beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregation and hence the plaque formation. In the present study, we examined brains of four Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice at 12 months of age for histochemically reactive zinc in the plaques. Here, we report that all the Congo red (+) mature plaques contained chelatable zinc, as demonstrated by staining with the zinc-specific fluorescent dye 6-methoxy-8-quinolyl-para-toluenesulfonamide (TSQ). On the other hand, Congo red (-) preamyloid Abeta deposits were not stained with TSQ. Interestingly, although cerebellum contained similar degree of preamyloid Abeta deposits as cerebral cortex, it was completely devoid of Congo red- or TSQ-stained mature plaques. Although zinc from plaques was only slowly and partially removed by a specific zinc remover, dithizone, treatment of brain sections with heparinase-III, which degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), another major constituent of plaques, greatly fastened the zinc removal with dithizone. The present study has demonstrated the presence of histochemically reactive zinc in plaques, but not preamyloid Abeta deposits, of the Swedish mutant APP transgenic mice. Because preamyloid Abeta deposits fail to develop into congophilic plaques in cerebellum where synaptic vesicle zinc is deficient, the synaptic zinc may be a necessary element in the plaque formation. In holding zinc inside plaques, HSPG may contribute in addition to Abeta. (+info)Congo Red is a synthetic diazo dye that is commonly used in histology and pathology for stainings and tests. It is particularly useful in identifying amyloid deposits in tissues, which are associated with various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and systemic amyloidosis.
When Congo Red binds to amyloid fibrils, it exhibits a characteristic apple-green birefringence under polarized light microscopy. Additionally, Congo Red stained amyloid deposits show a shift in their emission spectrum when excited with circularly polarized light, a phenomenon known as dichroism. These properties make Congo Red a valuable tool for the diagnosis and study of amyloidosis and other protein misfolding disorders.
It is important to note that Congo Red staining should be performed with care, as it can be toxic and carcinogenic if not handled properly.
I'm not aware of any medical definitions associated with the term "Congo." The term "Congo" is most commonly used to refer to:
1. The Congo River, which is the second longest river in Africa, flowing through the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo.
2. The two countries located in Central Africa that share the name "Congo": the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly known as Zaire) and the Republic of the Congo (formerly known as French Congo or Middle Congo).
3. In historical contexts, "Congo" may also refer to the Congo Free State (1885-1908), a private colony of King Leopold II of Belgium, which later became the Belgian Congo (1908-1960) and then Zaire (1971-1997).
If you are looking for medical information or definitions related to tropical diseases, healthcare in Africa, or similar topics, I would recommend using more specific terms.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a country located in Central Africa. It is named after the Congo River, which flows through the country. The DRC is the second-largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh-largest in the world. It is home to a diverse population of more than 80 million people, making it one of the most populous countries on the continent.
The DRC is a democratic republic, which means that it is a form of government in which the people have the power to choose their leaders through free and fair elections. The country has a presidential system of government, in which the president serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The current president of the DRC is Félix Tshisekedi, who took office in January 2019.
The DRC is a federal republic, meaning that it is divided into several provinces, each with its own elected government. The country has a total of 26 provinces, which are further divided into districts and sectors.
The DRC is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, and the Southern African Development Community. It is also a party to several international treaties and agreements, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Paris Agreement on climate change.
The DRC has a mixed economy, with both private and public sectors playing important roles. The country is rich in natural resources, including minerals such as copper, diamonds, gold, and tin. It also has large areas of fertile land that are suitable for agriculture. However, the DRC faces significant challenges, including poverty, corruption, and conflict. Despite these challenges, the country has made progress in recent years in terms of economic growth and development.
Amyloid is a term used in medicine to describe abnormally folded protein deposits that can accumulate in various tissues and organs of the body. These misfolded proteins can form aggregates known as amyloid fibrils, which have a characteristic beta-pleated sheet structure. Amyloid deposits can be composed of different types of proteins, depending on the specific disease associated with the deposit.
In some cases, amyloid deposits can cause damage to organs and tissues, leading to various clinical symptoms. Some examples of diseases associated with amyloidosis include Alzheimer's disease (where amyloid-beta protein accumulates in the brain), systemic amyloidosis (where amyloid fibrils deposit in various organs such as the heart, kidneys, and liver), and type 2 diabetes (where amyloid deposits form in the pancreas).
It's important to note that not all amyloid deposits are harmful or associated with disease. However, when they do cause problems, treatment typically involves managing the underlying condition that is leading to the abnormal protein accumulation.
Amyloidosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of insoluble proteins called amyloid in various tissues and organs throughout the body. These misfolded protein deposits can disrupt the normal function of affected organs, leading to a range of symptoms depending on the location and extent of the amyloid deposition.
There are different types of amyloidosis, classified based on the specific proteins involved:
1. Primary (AL) Amyloidosis: This is the most common form, accounting for around 80% of cases. It results from the overproduction and misfolding of immunoglobulin light chains, typically by clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The amyloid deposits can affect various organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, and nervous system.
2. Secondary (AA) Amyloidosis: This form is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, or familial Mediterranean fever. The amyloid fibrils are composed of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), an acute-phase reactant produced during the inflammatory response. The kidneys are commonly affected in this type of amyloidosis.
3. Hereditary or Familial Amyloidosis: These forms are caused by genetic mutations that result in the production of abnormal proteins prone to misfolding and amyloid formation. Examples include transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis, fibrinogen amyloidosis, and apolipoprotein AI amyloidosis. These forms can affect various organs, including the heart, nerves, and kidneys.
4. Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis: This form is seen in patients undergoing long-term dialysis for chronic kidney disease. The amyloid fibrils are composed of beta-2 microglobulin, a protein that accumulates due to impaired clearance during dialysis. The joints and bones are commonly affected in this type of amyloidosis.
The diagnosis of amyloidosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy with the demonstration of amyloid deposition using special stains (e.g., Congo red). Treatment depends on the specific type and extent of organ involvement and may include supportive care, medications to target the underlying cause (e.g., chemotherapy, immunomodulatory agents), and organ transplantation in some cases.
Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is one of the four species of the genus Shigella, which are the causative agents of shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery.
Shigella flexneri is responsible for causing a significant proportion of shigellosis cases worldwide, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. The bacteria can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water, and can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the urgent need to defecate).
The infection can lead to inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the intestines, resulting in the destruction of the epithelial cells and the formation of ulcers. In severe cases, Shigella flexneri can invade the bloodstream and cause systemic infections, which can be life-threatening for young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
The diagnosis of Shigella flexneri infection typically involves the detection of the bacteria in stool samples using culture methods or molecular techniques such as PCR. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, although resistance to multiple drugs has been reported in some strains. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, safe food handling, and access to clean water.
Phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) is a chemical compound that has been historically used in medicine as a diagnostic test for kidney function. It's an acid-base indicator, which means it changes color depending on the pH of the solution it's in. In its colored form, PSP is pink, and in its uncolored form, it's colorless.
In the context of renal function testing, PSP is given to a patient orally or intravenously, and then its clearance from the body is measured through urine and blood samples. The rate at which PSP is cleared from the body can provide information about the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is an important indicator of kidney function. However, this test has largely been replaced by more modern and accurate methods for measuring GFR.
It's worth noting that phenolsulfonphthalein is not a medication or therapeutic agent, but rather a diagnostic tool that has been used in the past to assess kidney function.
Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease that is clinically comparable to smallpox, although it's typically milder. It's caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family. The virus is usually transmitted to humans from animals such as rodents and primates, but human-to-human transmission can also occur through respiratory droplets, direct contact with body fluids or lesions, or indirect contact with contaminated materials.
After infection, the incubation period ranges from 5 to 21 days, followed by the onset of symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and exhaustion. A rash usually appears within 1-3 days after the onset of fever, starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body, including the palms and soles. Lesions progress through several stages before falling off, leaving scabs that eventually fall off, signaling the end of the illness.
Monkeypox is endemic in Central and West African countries, but cases have been reported in non-endemic countries due to international travel. Vaccination against smallpox has shown cross-protection against monkeypox, although its efficacy wanes over time. Newer vaccines and antiviral treatments are being developed to combat the disease more effectively.
Polarized light microscopy is a type of microscopy that uses polarized light to enhance contrast and reveal unique optical properties in specimens. In this technique, a polarizing filter is placed under the light source, which polarizes the light as it passes through. The specimen is then illuminated with this linearly polarized light. As the light travels through the specimen, its plane of polarization may be altered due to birefringence, a property of certain materials that causes the light to split into two separate rays with different refractive indices.
A second polarizing filter, called an analyzer, is placed in the light path between the objective and the eyepiece. The orientation of this filter can be adjusted to either allow or block the transmission of light through the microscope. When the polarizer and analyzer are aligned perpendicularly, no light will pass through if the specimen does not exhibit birefringence. However, if the specimen has birefringent properties, it will cause the plane of polarization to rotate, allowing some light to pass through the analyzer and create a contrasting image.
Polarized light microscopy is particularly useful for observing structures in minerals, crystals, and certain biological materials like collagen fibers, muscle proteins, and starch granules. It can also be used to study stress patterns in plastics and other synthetic materials.
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family and Orthopoxvirus genus. It's the causative agent of monkeypox, a zoonotic disease with symptoms similar to smallpox but milder in nature. The virus was first discovered in 1958 in laboratory monkeys, hence its name.
There are two clades of MPXV: the Central African (Congo Basin) clade and the West African clade. The former is more severe and has a higher mortality rate, while the latter tends to cause less severe disease with lower fatality rates.
The virus is primarily transmitted to humans from infected animals such as rodents and primates, through direct contact with blood, bodily fluids, or rash material of an infected animal. Human-to-human transmission can occur via respiratory droplets, direct contact with lesions, or contaminated objects.
Monkeypox typically presents with fever, headache, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and a distinctive rash that progresses from macules to papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs before falling off. The incubation period ranges from 5-21 days, and the illness usually lasts for 2-4 weeks.
Vaccination against smallpox has been found to provide some cross-protection against monkeypox, but its efficacy wanes over time. Currently, there are no approved vaccines specifically for monkeypox, although research is ongoing to develop new vaccines and antiviral treatments for this disease.
Birefringence is a property of certain materials, such as crystals and some plastics, to split a beam of light into two separate beams with different polarization states and refractive indices when the light passes through the material. This phenomenon arises due to the anisotropic structure of these materials, where their physical properties vary depending on the direction of measurement.
When a unpolarized or partially polarized light beam enters a birefringent material, it gets separated into two orthogonally polarized beams called the ordinary and extraordinary rays. These rays propagate through the material at different speeds due to their distinct refractive indices, resulting in a phase delay between them. Upon exiting the material, the recombination of these two beams can produce various optical effects, such as double refraction or interference patterns, depending on the thickness and orientation of the birefringent material and the polarization state of the incident light.
Birefringence has numerous applications in optics, including waveplates, polarizing filters, stress analysis, and microscopy techniques like phase contrast and differential interference contrast imaging.
"Porphyromonas" is a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the human oral cavity and other areas of the body. One species, "Porphyromonas gingivalis," is a major contributor to chronic periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease. These bacteria are also associated with various systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and aspiration pneumonia. The name "Porphyromonas" comes from the Greek words "porphyra," meaning purple, and "monas," meaning unit, referring to the bacteria's ability to produce porphyrins, which are pigments that can give a purple color to their colonies.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester" is not a recognized medical term or a substance used in medicine. It seems to be a non-existent term. You might have made a mistake while typing or it could be a specific chemical compound not related to medical field. If you meant "Pentosan Polysulfate," I can provide its definition:
Pentosan Polysulfate is a semi-synthetic drug with properties similar to heparin. It is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and interstitial cystitis due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The chemical structure consists of a polyanionic, polydisperse molecule made up of repeating pentosan units linked by sulfuric ester bonds.
Hemin is defined as the iron(III) complex of protoporphyrin IX, which is a porphyrin derivative. It is a naturally occurring substance that is involved in various biological processes, most notably in the form of heme, which is a component of hemoglobin and other hemoproteins. Hemin is also used in medical research and therapy, such as in the treatment of methemoglobinemia and lead poisoning.
'Staining and labeling' are techniques commonly used in pathology, histology, cytology, and molecular biology to highlight or identify specific components or structures within tissues, cells, or molecules. These methods enable researchers and medical professionals to visualize and analyze the distribution, localization, and interaction of biological entities, contributing to a better understanding of diseases, cellular processes, and potential therapeutic targets.
Medical definitions for 'staining' and 'labeling' are as follows:
1. Staining: A process that involves applying dyes or stains to tissues, cells, or molecules to enhance their contrast and reveal specific structures or components. Stains can be categorized into basic stains (which highlight acidic structures) and acidic stains (which highlight basic structures). Common staining techniques include Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), which differentiates cell nuclei from the surrounding cytoplasm and extracellular matrix; special stains, such as PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) for carbohydrates or Masson's trichrome for collagen fibers; and immunostains, which use antibodies to target specific proteins.
2. Labeling: A process that involves attaching a detectable marker or tag to a molecule of interest, allowing its identification, quantification, or tracking within a biological system. Labels can be direct, where the marker is directly conjugated to the targeting molecule, or indirect, where an intermediate linker molecule is used to attach the label to the target. Common labeling techniques include fluorescent labels (such as FITC, TRITC, or Alexa Fluor), enzymatic labels (such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase), and radioactive labels (such as ³²P or ¹⁴C). Labeling is often used in conjunction with staining techniques to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of detection.
Together, staining and labeling provide valuable tools for medical research, diagnostics, and therapeutic development, offering insights into cellular and molecular processes that underlie health and disease.
Agar is a substance derived from red algae, specifically from the genera Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is commonly used in microbiology as a solidifying agent for culture media. Agar forms a gel at relatively low temperatures (around 40-45°C) and remains stable at higher temperatures (up to 100°C), making it ideal for preparing various types of culture media.
In addition to its use in microbiology, agar is also used in other scientific research, food industry, and even in some artistic applications due to its unique gelling properties. It is important to note that although agar is often used in the preparation of food, it is not typically consumed as a standalone ingredient by humans or animals.
Congo red
Red Cross of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Flag of the Republic of the Congo
Amyloidosis
Steve Fisher (kayaker)
Carter F. Bales
Cooking banana
Thioflavin
Mycoremediation
Pittsburgh compound B
Euphaedra themis
Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo
2022 African Nations Championship squads
2014-15 Linafoot
Amyloid
Hibiscus
Siddharth Kara
Mechanics of gelation
A Red Letter Day
Pigeon pea
James Lawson (Australian doctor)
Neurotoxin
Graphium illyris
Amyloid cardiomyopathy
Benny Marr
Chromoendoscopy
Red-fronted parrot
List of Amalgam Comics characters
Congo peafowl
Congo martin
Congo red - Wikipedia
Photocatalytic Degradation of Congored on Silica Supported Ag Imp...: Ingenta Connect
Congo Red UltraPure Grade - 1 g
Congo Red Solution SDS (Safety Data Sheet) | Flinn Scientific
Water | Free Full-Text | Reactive Black-5, Congo Red and Methyl Orange: Chemical Degradation of Azo-Dyes by Agrobacterium
Red Rubber: Atrocities in the Congo Free State in Confidential… | AM
![Histonet] congo red on frozen sections](data:image/png;base64,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)
Histonet] congo red on frozen sections
REDD in the Congo - new report from World Rainforest Movement | ForestIndustries.EU
Preeclampsia: Practice Essentials, Overview, Pathophysiology
Preeclampsia: Practice Essentials, Overview, Pathophysiology
Philodendron Red Congo
Tag: red congo | hfxbuyersclub.comCongo Colada - Red - FOLLOW THE BLING
Philodendron Red Congo 4' - hanson road
Elvio Congo Nebbiolo - Big Red Liquors
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Paparazzi 'Just CONGO With It' Red Wrap Bracelet
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Congo: White King, Red Rubber, Black Death - Afrikan Djeli
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Ensuring a fair share in the Congo - EU REDD Facility
Chestnut Color Henna Exporters in Congo, Red Henna Supplier in Congo
375 Half Pound - Red Congo Bulk Special Sativa AAA - My Blog
North Kivu province, Goma. ICRC warehouse. Volunteers of the Red Cross Society of the Democratic Republic of the Congo...
Siddharth Kara's Cobalt Red is a flawed account of Congo's mines | openDemocracy
Cobalt Red: Modern Day Slavery in Congo That Powers Our Live - Discovertic
50 CONGO WATERMELON Red Citrullus Lanatus 40 lbs AAS Winner Fruit Melo
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Democratic Repub10
- The conviction this month in The Hague of Thomas Lubanga, a Congolese warlord, for forcing children to fight in his army in the early 2000s is merely the latest in a long line of cases of abuse of this kind that have blighted what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. (amdigital.co.uk)
- Originating in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this strain is more than a plant. (wccannabis.co)
- More than 70% of the world's supply originates from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). (handymancroydon.org)
- The Democratic Republic of Congo launched a month-long election campaign Sunday with 25 candidates running for president amid a tense political climate and relentless fighting in the east of the country. (yahoo.com)
- For the first time in nearly two years-following the massacre of seven endangered mountain gorillas and months of occupation by rebel forces- Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo is welcoming back tourists for gorilla trekking. (nationalgeographic.com)
- Between 1998 and 2003, an extremely complex and chaotic civil war engulfed the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) -- a vast, thickly-jungled nation in Central Africa the size of Western Europe -- and spilled over into neighboring countries, including Rwanda, Angola, Burundi, Zimbabwe and Uganda. (ibtimes.com)
- That's the Democratic Republic of Congo . (travellerspoint.com)
- The Republic of Congo is not to be confused with the Democratic Republic of Congo , with whom the Republic shares a border. (travellerspoint.com)
- Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo . (travellerspoint.com)
- Mary has deployed to the Democratic Republic of Congo multiple times in response to this outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Republic of th10
- The densely forested northern Likouala Department of the Republic of the Congo lies deep in the Congo Basin. (efi.int)
- This example highlights a common problem in the Republic of the Congo. (efi.int)
- The system of revenue disbursement in the Republic of the Congo is fairly advanced compared with other African countries, because concession holders must comply with legally binding sustainability standards and provide local communities with financial support. (efi.int)
- Siddharth Kara claims that although while electric cars, laptops, and smartphones are symbols of the modern age, the cobalt that powers their rechargeable batteries is frequently extracted through slave-like labor in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (discovertic.com)
- The ICRC and the Red Cross of the Democratic Republic of the Congo visit busy places (church, market, etc.) to raise awareness among the communities present about the Red Cross mission. (icrc.org)
- The major rivers are the Congo River at the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Kouilou-Niari River. (travellerspoint.com)
- Thank you for joining us for today's EPIC Webinar, titled, Ebola in Democratic Republic of the Congo. (cdc.gov)
- Since its discovery in 1976, there have been 28 outbreaks of EVD, the current outbreak is the 10th in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (cdc.gov)
- Burki T. Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: 1 year on. (who.int)
- Since confirmation of the Ebola outbreak in northeastern DRC on August 1, 2018, the US government has worked closely with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) government, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other international partners on a multifaceted response to end the outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Philodendron Red Congo1
- The Philodendron Red Congo is an attractive warm weather plant that produces showy flowers and interesting leaves. (plantsdubai.ae)
Methyl Orange1
- Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared Cu 2 O nanoparticles are evaluated by monitoring two dyes (methyl orange and congo red) using UV-visible spectrophotometer. (springer.com)
Prohibition Farms4
- Red Congolese by Prohibition Farms is a very popular pure Sativa strain with a 100% Sativa composition. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- Being a Sativa, Red Congo By Prohibition Farms strain carries a very energetic high. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- Red Congo By Prohibition Farms tastes cheesy and fruity, just like it smells. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- The Red Congo By Prohibition Farms strain carries a very energetic high, no doubt in part to its 100% Sativa composition. (gastownmedicinal.com)
Middle Congo1
- In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising its colonies of Middle Congo (modern Congo), Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (modern Central African Republic). (travellerspoint.com)
Strain11
- Red Congo Strain: Is This the Holy Grail of Sativa Strains? (wccannabis.co)
- In the mystical world of cannabis strains, where every bud is a unique gem, one bud stands tall as the crown jewel of Sativas - the Red Congo strain. (wccannabis.co)
- Because Red Congolese strain isn't just a strain, it's a full-blown enigma with stoners and enthusiasts buzzing with curiosity. (wccannabis.co)
- It's in this untamed, vibrant environment that the Red Congo strain finds its roots. (wccannabis.co)
- Red Congo is a 100% sativa strain and the best among them all. (wccannabis.co)
- the Red Congo strain has one more ace up its sleeve-THC levels that are off the charts. (wccannabis.co)
- Red Congo is an insanely popular 100% pure sativa strain resulting from a cross between a female Congolese X Mexican Sativa X Afghani. (pacificgrass.co)
- It's Sativa genetics mean that Red Congolese is a perfect wake and bake strain. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- The Red Congo strain produces medium density mint green buds. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- The sativa cannabis strain Red Congolese produces buds that smell and taste citrusy, spicy, and earthy. (cheapweed.ai)
- The lineage of Red Congolese is currently debated, with some believing it's a landrace strain of Africa and others believing it to be a combination of Mexican and Afghan genetics. (cheapweed.ai)
Africa2
- AGFA marketed the dye under the name "Congo red", a catchy name in Germany at the time of the 1884 Berlin West Africa Conference, an important event in the Colonisation of Africa. (wikipedia.org)
- Home / Travel Guides / Africa / Congo Rep. (dauntbooks.co.uk)
Basin2
- In 1885 Leopold secured the agreement of the major European powers at the Berlin Conference (see files FO 341/1-2) that 900,000 square miles of the Congo basin would pass under the rule not of Belgium but of his society. (amdigital.co.uk)
- The forests in the Congo Basin, the second largest area of tropical forest in the world, are receiving increasing interest. (forestindustries.eu)
Kinshasa1
- Congo Kinshasa: The hidden battle. (bvsalud.org)
Congolese14
- Now, a word of caution: No doubt, the Red Congolese strain's THC levels open a world of euphoria and inspiration. (wccannabis.co)
- Whether you want a mellow and relaxed vibe, or something more energizing and invigorating, Red Congolese has something for everyone. (onlygas.co)
- The buds produced by Red Congolese range in color from light to dark green, but have a distinct look due to their large size and distinctive calyx structure. (onlygas.co)
- The flavor of Red Congolese is earthy and spicy, with notes of sweet fruit, pine, and herbs. (onlygas.co)
- The sativa genetics dominate the physical effects of Red Congolese, resulting in a weightless euphoria that promotes focus and mental clarity. (onlygas.co)
- Its energizing properties make Red Congolese perfect for morning treatment of nausea, cachexia, tension, or Alzheimer's. (onlygas.co)
- This is definitely real Red Congolese, one of the best smelling strains that exist. (onlygas.co)
- As a result, most smokers only use Red Congolese in the morning or day. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- What does Red Congolese smell like? (gastownmedicinal.com)
- Red Congolese has a strong aroma of cheese and fruits. (gastownmedicinal.com)
- What does Red Congolese taste like? (gastownmedicinal.com)
- What are the effects of Red Congolese? (gastownmedicinal.com)
- While some argue that Red Congolese is an African sativa landrace , the variety popularized in California weaves in Mexican and Afghani roots, giving it a more indica-like appearance. (cheapweed.ai)
- Red Congolese is more likely to induce anxiousness if consumed improperly rather than cause dry eyes or mouth. (cheapweed.ai)
Histological1
- The use of Congo red in the textile industry has long been abandoned, primarily because of its carcinogenic properties, but it is still used for histological staining. (wikipedia.org)
Birefringence1
- Apple-green birefringence of Congo red stained preparations under polarized light is indicative of the presence of amyloid fibrils. (wikipedia.org)
ICRC1
- International Committee of Red Cross - ICRC (2006). (bvsalud.org)
Dyes2
- Once of economic significance, Congo red has fallen into disuse as have all benzidine-derived dyes, owing to their carcinogenic activity. (wikipedia.org)
- The CD/CA-g-CS exhibits ultrahigh adsorption capacities of 801.66, 770.50 and 946.66 mg/g, respectively mg/g for the cationic dyes of malachite green (MG), basic red (BR) and methylene blue (MB), respectively, while 389.64, 619.60 and 429.22 mg/g for the anionic dyes of acid blue (AB), acid red (AR) and acid yellow (AY), respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Outbreaks1
- Several outbreaks of DENV and DHF were reported in Port Sudan in the Red Sea State in 2004, 2005, and 2010 (11-13). (who.int)
Amyloid2
- Early diagnosis and classification of amyloid deposition and differentiation from other glomerular fibrillar deposits rely on routine Congo red (CR) histochemistry. (eurogentec.com)
- Congo red staining of a cardiac biopsy specimen containing amyloid, viewed under polarized light. (medscape.com)
Buds1
- Red Congo buds are medium density and mint green in color. (gastownmedicinal.com)
Country's2
- Refugees did not begin trickling back to DR Congo until 2006, coincident with the country's first (alleged) democratic elections. (ibtimes.com)
- Following independence as the Congo Republic on August 15, 1960, Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. (travellerspoint.com)
Appearance1
- The manufacturer reports that fluorescent light through a Congo Blue filter gives the appearance of black light. (wikipedia.org)
Forests2
- Enormous amounts of carbon are stored in these forests, meaning that REDD proponents are increasingly looking at these forests to "offset" continued pollution in the rich countries. (forestindustries.eu)
- Instead, the lush land around the River Congo affords rich forests and steamy swamps. (travellerspoint.com)
Content1
- But what does this high THC content really mean for your Red Congo experience? (wccannabis.co)
Exploitation2
- But the very forces of trade and communication which had opened up the Congo to this exploitation caused knowledge of the abuses there to leak out. (amdigital.co.uk)
- The Belgian government has denounced this documentary as a "tendentious diatribe" for depicting King Leopold II as the moral forebear of Adolf Hitler, responsible for the death of 10 million people in his rapacious exploitation of the Congo. (afrikandjeli.com)
Rubber3
- since the quotas, inflated by the demands of the 1890s rubber boom, were often unachievably high, the basket of human hands was to become a symbol of the nightmare the Congo had become for its people. (amdigital.co.uk)
- On the 1st June, 1897, Consul Pickersgill drew up a Report on the "Congo Atrocities," in which he stated that on the 10th October, 1896, the Congo State soldiers attacked the village of Bandakea Wijiko because the rubber brought by the villagers to the State was not of the best quality. (amdigital.co.uk)
- Congo:White King, Red Rubber, Black Death describes Leopold II, King of the Belgium's private colony of the Congo between 1885 and 1908 as a gulag labor camp of shocking brutality. (afrikandjeli.com)
Cobalt Red4
- Cobalt Red: how the blood of the Congo powers our lives , by Siddharth Kara, has been making waves. (handymancroydon.org)
- Cobalt Red is not a ground-breaking exposé, as it has been billed. (handymancroydon.org)
- The colonial mindset of Cobalt Red makes for a disturbing read. (handymancroydon.org)
- In his most recent book, Cobalt Red, Kara claims that many of the DRC's cobalt deposits are extracted by so-called "artisanal" miners, independent contractors who engage in exceedingly risky work for the equivalent of just few dollars a day. (discovertic.com)
Mint green in color1
- They're mint green in color, fluffy, and have orangey red undertones - all of which are covered in syrupy resin. (cheapweed.ai)
Pound1
- OTHER: Congo is a large 30 - 40 pound heirloom watermelon that is an AAS Award Winner for good reason! (seedvilleusa.com)
Increasingly1
- Red Teams must understand these increasingly complex attacks that threaten safety. (sans.org)
20193
- The majority of patients were entre la période du confinement de la pandémie admitted with moderate dehydration in 2019 than in 2020 (p en 2020 et la période équivalente en 2019. (bvsalud.org)
- Public health interventions are needed to majorité des patients ont été admis avec une promote an ambulatory healthcare system during future déshydratation modérée en 2019 qu'en 2020 (p crises. (bvsalud.org)
- Influenza preparedness planning by Mongolia Red Cross Society in 2019 has provided a strong foundation for engagement with COVID-19 preparedness and response. (who.int)
Communities1
- On the supply side, South Pole Carbon is seeking investors for its Zimbabwe-based REDD efforts, while across the globe FUNAI, Brazil's National Indian Foundation, has brought into question 30 contracts between international companies and indigenous communities - including invalidating a $120mn agreement between Irish company Celestial Green Ventures and the Munduruku tribe. (ecosystemmarketplace.com)
High2
- This aggregation phenomenon is more prevalent in high Congo red concentrations, at high salinity and/or low pH. (wikipedia.org)
- The Red Congo high is often described as a feeling of elation and awareness with alertness and an increased ability to focus. (pacificgrass.co)
Effectively2
- The Congo Blue filter effectively removes the color from chart and shows the separate bars only in terms of their differing incremental brightness levels. (wikipedia.org)
- Through the collaborative efforts of red and blue teams, organizations can effectively mitigate risks, safeguard sensitive data, and maintain a robust security posture in the face of evolving cyber threats. (sans.org)
Induce1
- Furthermore, Congo red may also be used to induce expression of the type III secretion system of Shigella flexneri, bringing about the secretion of IpaB and IpaC, which form translocation pores within host cell membrane, allowing effector proteins to pass through and alter the host cell's biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Congo's2
- Now that we've delved into the mystique of Red Congo's origin, it's time to unveil another layer of its allure. (wccannabis.co)
- Red Congo's THC levels are your passport to euphoria. (wccannabis.co)
Cannabis2
- But here's the kicker, my fellow ganja fans - Red Congo isn't your garden-variety cannabis. (wccannabis.co)
- In truth, the exact origins of Red Congo are a hot topic of debate among cannabis fans and experts. (wccannabis.co)
Acid2
- Congo red is an organic compound, the sodium salt of 3,3′-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis(4-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid). (wikipedia.org)
- Since this color change is an approximate inverse of that of litmus, it can be used with litmus paper in a simple parlor trick: add a drop or two of Congo red to both an acid solution and a base solution. (wikipedia.org)
Rwanda1
- I'd seen gorillas before in Rwanda , but trekking in Congo felt like uncharted territory. (nationalgeographic.com)
Report4
- On 10th March, 1892, the Colonial Office sent a copy of a Report to the Acting Colonial Secretary at Sierra Leone […], who had been instructed to enquire into the treatment of Sierra Leone labourers in the Congo State. (amdigital.co.uk)
- http://climatevoices.wordpress.com/2010/12/23/redd-in-the-congo-%E2%80%93-new-report-from-world-rain. (forestindustries.eu)
- This new short report from World Rainforest Movement calls into question some of the assumptions behind this enthusiasm for REDD in the Congo. (forestindustries.eu)
- The report, "REDD in the Congo" can be downloaded here (pdf file 1.4 MB) and is posted in full below. (forestindustries.eu)
Blue10
- It is sold under the item name "181 Congo Blue" by Lee Filters. (wikipedia.org)
- It emits a deep rich saturated blue color with elements of red. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending upon the color temperature of the source lamp, the light from a lighting instrument with a Congo Blue filter reflected from a white surface can vary from very saturated blue to purple or violet. (wikipedia.org)
- Congo Blue filters are frequently used at live music concerts at an angle from behind musicians to cross back-light with a "warm" color gel like yellow, straw, gold, orange, or magenta, from an opposing angle, for a very dramatic effect. (wikipedia.org)
- Another use of Congo Blue filters by lighting technicians, is to cut a small strip from the gel sheet, which the technician looks though to make brightness adjustments to a video monitor displaying a standard color bar chart. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to a color change from blue to red at pH 3.0-5.2, Congo red can be used as a pH indicator. (wikipedia.org)
- Dipping red litmus paper in the red solution will turn it blue, while dipping blue litmus paper in the blue solution will turn it red. (wikipedia.org)
- pH indicator: 3.0 blue to 5.0 red. (flinnsci.com)
- The main objective of red teaming is to make the blue team better by informing both offense and defense. (sans.org)
- Learn how to execute repeatable Red Team engagements, with an emphasis on people, processes, and technologies to ready Blue Team defenses. (sans.org)
Taste3
- This journey will have you craving knowledge and the delightful taste of Red Congo soon. (wccannabis.co)
- Every terpene adds its scent, taste, and impact to Red Congo. (wccannabis.co)
- Red Congo offers a strong daytime buzz with a clean smoke and a taste just like the terpenes. (gastownmedicinal.com)
Ethnic1
- The major factors that contributed to the war -- internal ethnic conflicts within DR Congo, the battle for precious raw minerals, military conflicts with neighboring countries - were never really resolved and continue the plague the region. (ibtimes.com)
Carbon1
- Fresh finance is flowing into forest carbon efforts internationally, from Mexico to the Republic of Congo to Sri Lanka, and European Union member states are thinking of adding cropland, grazing land, and forest carbon emissions to their national greenhouse gas accounts. (ecosystemmarketplace.com)
Conflict1
- This conflict spilled over into DR Congo and the two nations becomes deeply enmeshed in brutal waves of killings and reprisals. (ibtimes.com)
Color4
- The company which had a right of first refusal to his inventions was not interested in this bright red color, so he filed the patent under his own name and sold it to the AGFA company of Berlin. (wikipedia.org)
- If you are searching for Chestnut Color Henna exporter in Congo, Ishar Dass Amir Chand is right place for buying henna. (amirhenna.com)
- Interested clients, who are looking for Chestnut Color Henna in Congo, feel free to send enquiries. (amirhenna.com)
- [5] In the Candomblé nação (association) of Angola Congo, Iansã is associated with the color red. (wikipedia.org)
Review1
- International Review of the Red Cross. (lu.se)
Nations1
- Interestingly, throughout the war, Western nations and Japan generally remained neutral, although they expressed concerns about their various mining interests in DR Congo. (ibtimes.com)
People1
- Red teaming involves testing the effectiveness of people, processes, and technology through objective-oriented assessments that simulate realistic attacker techniques. (sans.org)
World2
- While the estimated 5-million death toll from this war pales in comparison to the 15-million lives lost during World War I, and the 60-million who perished in the Second World War -- the DR Congo inferno was nonetheless was one of the ten deadliest wars in recorded history. (ibtimes.com)
- By leveraging threat intelligence and emulating real-world environments, red teams provide invaluable insights into an organization's vulnerabilities. (sans.org)
