Oviducts
Chickens
Neodymium
Alternative structural state of transferrin. The crystallographic analysis of iron-loaded but domain-opened ovotransferrin N-lobe. (1/154)
Transferrins bind Fe3+ very tightly in a closed interdomain cleft by the coordination of four protein ligands (Asp60, Tyr92, Tyr191, and His250 in ovotransferrin N-lobe) and of a synergistic anion, physiologically bidentate CO32-. Upon Fe3+ uptake, transferrins undergo a large scale conformational transition: the apo structure with an opening of the interdomain cleft is transformed into the closed holo structure, implying initial Fe3+ binding in the open form. To solve the Fe3+-loaded, domain-opened structure, an ovotransferrin N-lobe crystal that had been grown as the apo form was soaked with Fe3+-nitrilotriacetate, and its structure was solved at 2.1 A resolution. The Fe3+-soaked form showed almost exactly the same overall open structure as the iron-free apo form. The electron density map unequivocally proved the presence of an iron atom with the coordination by the two protein ligands of Tyr92-OH and Tyr191-OH. Other Fe3+ coordination sites are occupied by a nitrilotriacetate anion, which is stabilized through the hydrogen bonds with the peptide NH groups of Ser122, Ala123, and Gly124 and a side chain group of Thr117. There is, however, no clear interaction between the nitrilotriacetate anion and the synergistic anion binding site, Arg121. (+info)Bruton's tyrosine kinase deficiency in macrophages inhibits nitric oxide generation leading to enhancement of IL-12 induction. (2/154)
We show that macrophages of X-linked immunodeficient mice with a mutant nonfunctional Bruton's tyrosine kinase produce less NO than wild-type macrophages in response to a variety of stimuli. Induction of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) protein, the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-1 involved in iNOS expression, and the transcription factor STAT-1 involved in regulating IFN regulatory factor-1 induction are all poorer in X-linked immunodeficient than in wild-type macrophages. On the other hand, induction of IL-12 is higher in X-linked immunodeficient than in wild-type macrophages. Macrophage IL-12 induction is enhanced by iNOS inhibitors such as aminoguanidine and thiocitrulline and is inhibited by NO generation via sodium nitroprusside. There is relative enhancement of IFN-gamma production by immune T cells from mice immunized under aminoguanidine cover. Our data thus suggest that Bruton's tyrosine kinase participates in signaling for iNOS induction via IFN regulatory factor-1 in macrophages and that NO is an inhibitor of IL-12 induction. (+info)Transferrins, the mechanism of iron release by ovotransferrin. (3/154)
Iron release from ovotransferrin in acidic media (3 < pH < 6) occurs in at least six kinetic steps. The first is a very fast (+info)Crystal structure of hen apo-ovotransferrin. Both lobes adopt an open conformation upon loss of iron. (4/154)
The three-dimensional crystal structure of hen apo-ovotransferrin has been solved by molecular replacement and refined by simulated annealing and restrained least squares to a 3.0-A resolution. The final model, which comprises 5312 protein atoms (residues 1 to 686) and 28 carbohydrate atoms (from two monosaccharides attached to Asn(473)), gives an R-factor of 0.231 for the 11,989 observed reflections between 20.0- and 3.0-A resolution. In the structure, both empty iron binding clefts are in the open conformation, lending weight to the theory that Fe(3+) binding or release in transferrin proceeds via a mechanism that involves domain opening and closure. Upon opening, the domains rotate essentially as rigid bodies. The two domains of the N-lobe rotate away from one another by 53 degrees, whereas the C-lobe domains rotate away each another by 35 degrees. These rotations take place about an axis that passes through the two beta-strands, linking the domains. The domains of each lobe make different contacts with one another in the open and closed forms. These contacts form two interdomain interfaces on either side of the rotation axis, and domain opening or closing produces a see-saw motion between these two alternative close-packed interfaces. The interdomain disulfide bridge (Cys(478)-Cys(671)), found only in the C-lobe, may restrict domain opening but does not completely prevent it. (+info)The crystal structure of a T cell receptor in complex with peptide and MHC class II. (5/154)
The crystal structure of a complex involving the D10 T cell receptor (TCR), 16-residue foreign peptide antigen, and the I-Ak self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule is reported at 3.2 angstrom resolution. The D10 TCR is oriented in an orthogonal mode relative to its peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligand, necessitated by the amino-terminal extension of peptide residues projecting from the MHC class II antigen-binding groove as part of a mini beta sheet. Consequently, the disposition of D10 complementarity-determining region loops is altered relative to that of most pMHCI-specific TCRs; the latter TCRs assume a diagonal orientation, although with substantial variability. Peptide recognition, which involves P-1 to P8 residues, is dominated by the Valpha domain, which also binds to the class II MHC beta1 helix. That docking is limited to one segment of MHC-bound peptide offers an explanation for epitope recognition and altered peptide ligand effects, suggests a structural basis for alloreactivity, and illustrates how bacterial superantigens can span the TCR-pMHCII surface. (+info)Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cartilage neovascularization and chondrocyte differentiation: auto-paracrine role during endochondral bone formation. (6/154)
Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) induces endothelial cell migration and proliferation in culture and is strongly angiogenic in vivo. VEGF synthesis has been shown to occur in both normal and transformed cells. The receptors for the factor have been shown to be localized mainly in endothelial cells, however, the presence of VEGF synthesis and the VEGF receptor in cells other than endothelial cells has been demonstrated. Neoangiogenesis in cartilage growth plate plays a fundamental role in endochondral ossification. We have shown that, in an avian in vitro system for chondrocyte differentiation, VEGF was produced and localized in cell clusters totally resembling in vivo cartilage. The factor was synthesized by hypertrophic chondrocytes and was released into their conditioned medium, which is highly chemotactic for endothelial cells. Antibodies against VEGF inhibited endothelial cell migration induced by chondrocyte conditioned media. Similarly, endothelial cell migration was inhibited also by antibodies directed against the VEGF receptor 2/Flk1 (VEGFR2). In avian and mammalian embryo long bones, immediately before vascular invasion, VEGF was distinctly localized in growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes. In contrast, VEGF was not observed in quiescent and proliferating chondrocytes earlier in development. VEGF receptor 2 colocalized with the factor both in hypertrophic cartilage in vivo and hypertrophic cartilage engineered in vitro, suggesting an autocrine loop in chondrocytes at the time of their maturation to hypertrophic cells and of cartilage erosion. Regardless of cell exposure to exogenous VEGF, VEGFR-2 phosphorylation was recognized in cultured hypertrophic chondrocytes, supporting the idea of an autocrine functional activation of signal transduction in this non-endothelial cell type as a consequence of the endogenous VEGF production. In summary we propose that VEGF is actively responsible for hypertrophic cartilage neovascularization through a paracrine release by chondrocytes, with invading endothelial cells as a target. Furthermore, VEGF receptor localization and signal transduction in chondrocytes strongly support the hypothesis of a VEGF autocrine activity also in morphogenesis and differentiation of a mesoderm derived cell. (+info)Effect of conalbumin on the activity of Syn 2190, a 1,5 dihydroxy-4-pyridon monobactam inhibitor of AmpC beta-lactamases. (7/154)
Syn 2190, a 1,5 dihydroxy-4-pyridon monobactam inhibitor of AmpC enzymes, was tested against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria with piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam and ceftazidime as partner drugs. In the presence of conalbumin as an iron chelator, Syn 2190 potentiated these drugs against most AmpC producers, although Klebsiella spp. with plasmidic AmpC enzymes were an exception. Potentiation was much weaker without conalbumin, suggesting that Syn 2190 exploits a ferric uptake pathway, as do catecholic cephalosporins. Syn 2190 had little ability to potentiate partner drugs against strains with other beta-lactamase types but, with conalbumin, increased the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam against Escherichia coli transconjugants producing various class A or D enzymes. (+info)Proteins with similar architecture exhibit similar large-scale dynamic behavior. (8/154)
We have investigated the similarities and differences in the computed dynamic fluctuations exhibited by six members of a protein fold family with a coarse-grained Gaussian network model. Specifically, we consider the cofactor binding fragment of CysB; the lysine/arginine/ornithine-binding protein (LAO); the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD); the ribose-binding protein (RBP); the N-terminal lobe of ovotransferrin in apo-form (apo-OVOT); and the leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein (LIVBP). All have domains that resemble a Rossmann fold, but there are also some significant differences. Results indicate that similar global dynamic behavior is preserved for the members of a fold family, and that differences usually occur in regions only where specific function is localized. The present work is a computational demonstration that the scaffold of a protein fold may be utilized for diverse purposes. LAO requires a bound ligand before it conforms to the large-scale fluctuation behavior of the three other members of the family, CysB, PBGD, and RBP, all of which contain a substrate (cofactor) at the active site cleft. The dynamics of the ligand-free enzymes LIVBP and apo-OVOT, on the other hand, concur with that of unliganded LAO. The present results suggest that it is possible to construct structure alignments based on dynamic fluctuation behavior. (+info)
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No data available that match "conalbumin"
Ovotransferrin6
- Ovotransferrin (conalbumin) is a glycoprotein of egg white albumen. (wikipedia.org)
- I have investigated the possibility that specific conalbumin (ovotransferrin) iron saturation levels enable less virulent strains of Salmonella to become more virulent. (pdx.edu)
- Conalbumin (ovotransferrin), Gal d3, is the second most common protein in egg-white. (thomassci.com)
- Gal d 1 (Ovomucoid), Gal d 2 (Ovalbumin), Gal d 3 (Ovotransferrin, also called conalbumin) and Gal d 4 (Lysozyme) are the most important allergens in Egg white. (phadia.com)
- Ovotransferrin (OVT), also known as conalbumin, is a glycoprotein that has two iron-binding sites . (naturalnews.com)
- Conalbumin/ovotransferrin is a glycoprotein which has the capacity to bind the bi- and trivalent metal cations into a complex and is more heat sensitive than ovalbumin. (wikipedia.org)
Lysozyme3
- The immunoglobulin-G responses to lysozyme, whole egg, and conalbumin were elevated in egg exposed workers. (cdc.gov)
- There are ovalbumin, conalbumin, ovomucoid, ovomucin and lysozyme a glycoprotein, representing about 3.4% of the egg white's proteins as a major egg white protein. (scielo.br)
- Can be separated by electrophoresis and chromatography from about ten other minor components including avidin, lysozyme, conalbumin, q.q.v. , and ovomucoid. (drugfuture.com)
Proteins2
- EAR spectra of four different proteins: (a) carbonic anhydrase, (b) conalbumin, (c) streptavidin, and (d) aprotinin. (spie.org)
- The albumin proteins in the egg white (primarily conalbumin and ovomucin ) become denatured when agitated and unravel, securing pockets of air and water that allow the creation of a stable egg foam. (thefreedictionary.com)
Albumin2
- Conalbumin is one of the two major types of albumin found in egg white . (wikidoc.org)
- Ovalbumin 1 and conalbumin are included under the broad category albumin. (culturalheritage.org)
Ovalbumin and conalbumin2
- Kepone induces ovalbumin and conalbumin synthesis in explants of chick oviduct in vitro by acting as a weak estrogen. (sciencemag.org)
- G. S. McKnight, R. D. Palmiter, Transcriptional regulation of the ovalbumin and conalbumin genes by steroid hormones in chick oviduct. (springer.com)
Transferrin4
- Identical precursors for serum transferrin and egg white conalbumin. (elsevier.com)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Identical precursors for serum transferrin and egg white conalbumin. (elsevier.com)
- The specific binding of iron III and copper II to transferrin and conalbumin. (springer.com)
- The phenotype frequencies of fast migrating prealbumin (Pa F), egg yolk transferrin and ovalbumin (Ov A), ovoglobulins: G 3 , G 4 and G 2 and conalbumin were obtained from the electrophoregrams of horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (media.pl)
Metallic contaminants in the egg white2
- Biologically, conalbumin isolates and sequesters metallic contaminants in the egg white. (wikipedia.org)
- The biological function of conalbumin is to isolate and sequester metallic contaminants in the egg white. (culturalheritage.org)
Protein2
- Abstract: This research was developed to study the effect of the ions magnesium and iron and the protein conalbumin in the development of the strain Staphylococus aureus S-6. (unicamp.br)
- The columns were calibrated with protein standards (GE Healthcare Biosciences), blue dextran (2,000 kDa), ferritin (440 kDa), aldolase (158 kDa), alcohol dehydrogenase (150 kDa), conalbumin (75 kDa), and ovalbumin (43 kDa). (aacrjournals.org)
Ions1
- Tan AT, Woodworth RC (1969) Ultraviolet difference spectral studies of conalbumin complexes with transition metal ions. (springer.com)
Chicken2
- XX CC Chimeric chicken conalbumin promoter/SV40 early gene recombinants CC grown in Hela cells. (stanford.edu)
- CC NCBI gi: 207784 CC NM (pSVCA) CC CM (no) CC NA (ds-DNA) CC TP (circular) CC ST () CC TY (plasmid) CC SP () CC HO (E.coli) CC CP () CC FN (cloning) CC SE () CC PA (pBR322)(chicken conalbumin promoter)(SV40 early gene)(pHS102) CC BR () CC OF () CC OR () XX FH Key Location/Qualifiers FH FT misc_feature 0. (stanford.edu)
Chelator2
- In the presence of conalbumin as an iron chelator, Syn 2190 potentiated these drugs against most AmpC producers, although Klebsiella spp. (nih.gov)
- Using a high-throughput biofilm assay in the lab, they tested the ability of ferrozine, an Fe(II)-specific chelator, and conalbumin, a Fe(III)-specific chelator, to bind iron and prevent the buildup of a biofilm. (scienceblog.com)
Complexes1
- The stability constants of the Fe3+ conalbumin complexes. (springer.com)
White1
- Conalbumin is a major allergen of hen's egg-white. (thomassci.com)
Salmonella1
- We found that, while oral administration of sonicated extracts of either Leishmania major , Leishmania donovani , or Staphylococcus aureus was tolerogenic, as was administration of the nominal antigen ovalbumin or conalbumin, oral administration of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium sonicated extract was not. (asm.org)
Escherichia1
- Syn 2190 had little ability to potentiate partner drugs against strains with other beta-lactamase types but, with conalbumin, increased the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam against Escherichia coli transconjugants producing various class A or D enzymes. (nih.gov)
Iron3
- java and S. thompson , were cultured in iron limited media at 3 different iron conalbumin saturation levels. (pdx.edu)
- Results indicate that strains differ significantly at both low and high iron saturation conalbumin. (pdx.edu)
- The resistance of conalbumin and its iron complex to physical and chemical treatments. (springer.com)
MeSH1
- Conalbumin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (sickkids.ca)
Major1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Conalbumin" by people in this website by year, and whether "Conalbumin" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (sickkids.ca)
Results1
- Methods and Results- We first showed that conalbumin-immunized ApoE°TK mice mounted a significant immune response to the antigen that was fully and specifically blocked by an in vivo ganciclovir (GCV) treatment. (ahajournals.org)
Development1
- Ovalbum in and conalbumin also supported some development of the embryos, whereas lactalbumin was rather detrimental. (nii.ac.jp)