Computing methodologies. Medical search

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

Published materials which provide an examination of recent or current literature. Review articles can cover a wide range of subject matter at various levels of completeness and comprehensiveness based on analyses of literature that may include research findings. The review may reflect the state of the art. It also includes reviews as a literary form.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.

An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)

Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.

General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

A personality assessment technique in which the subject or observer indicates the degree to which a standardized set of descriptive statements actually describes the subject. The term reflects "sorting" procedures occasionally used with this technique.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode".

Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics.

In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The application of STATISTICS to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collection, analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of biological processes. Large scale, computerized collection and analysis of the data are used to develop and test models of biological systems.

A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.

Computer-assisted analysis and processing of problems in a particular area.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, FACTUAL which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

Rapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually involves some form of automation or a way to conduct multiple assays at the same time using sample arrays.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of data through the application of computers.

Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

General agreement or collective opinion; the judgment arrived at by most of those concerned.

A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

Procedures, strategies, and theories of planning.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

Data processing largely performed by automatic means.

A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

An iterative questionnaire designed to measure consensus among individual responses. In the classic Delphi approach, there is no interaction between responder and interviewer.

The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.

The study of the composition, chemical structures, and chemical reactions of living things.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The two-dimensional IR nonlinear spectroscopy of a cyclic penta-peptide in relation to its three-dimensional structure. (1/179)

A form of two-dimensional (2D) vibrational spectroscopy, which uses two ultrafast IR laser pulses, is used to examine the structure of a cyclic penta-peptide in solution. Spectrally resolved cross peaks occur in the off-diagonal region of the 2D IR spectrum of the amide I region, analogous to those in 2D NMR spectroscopy. These cross peaks measure the coupling between the different amide groups in the structure. Their intensities and polarizations relate directly to the three-dimensional structure of the peptide. With the help of a model coupling Hamiltonian, supplemented by density functional calculations, the spectra of this penta-peptide can be regenerated from the known solution phase structure. This 2D-IR measurement, with an intrinsic time resolution of less than 1 ps, could be used in all time regimes of interest in biology. (+info)

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of vaginal Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates. (2/179)

Although vaginitis caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is extremely rare, in recent years we have experienced an increasing frequency of S. cerevisiae isolation from the vaginas of fertile-age women. In order to investigate the epidemiology of these vaginal infections, a total of 40 isolates of S. cerevisiae derived from symptomatic and asymptomatic women were characterized by two DNA typing approaches, named ribosomal DNA (rDNA) hybridization and Ty917 hybridization, based on the Southern blotting technique. After transfer, the polymorphic DNA restriction fragments were hybridized with the entire repeat of S. cerevisiae rDNA for one method and with the entire sequence of the Ty917 retrotransposon for the other. After elaboration with computer-assisted analysis, the results of each method showed that Ty917 hybridization is endowed with a discriminatory power higher than that of rDNA hybridization. With the Ty917 hybridization method, all of the S. cerevisiae isolates tested appeared very heterogeneous, with the exception of those collected from individual patients with recurrent vaginitis. This allowed us to exclude a possible common source of infection while the high relatedness among S. cerevisiae sequential isolates from recurrent-vaginitis patients could suggest a pattern of relapse rather than frequent reinfection. (+info)

DNA computing the Hamiltonian path problem. (3/179)

The directed Hamiltonian path (DHP) problem is one of the hard computational problems for which there is no practical algorithm on a conventional computer available. Many problems, including the traveling sales person problem and the longest path problem, can be translated into the DHP problem, which implies that an algorithm for DHP can also solve all the translated problems. To study the robustness of the laboratory protocol of the pioneering DNA computing for the DHP problem performed by Leonard Adleman (1994), we investigated how the graph size, multiplicity of the Hamiltonian paths, and the size of oligonucleotides that encode the vertices would affect the laboratory procedures. We applied Adleman's protocol with 18-mer oligonucleotide per node to a graph with 8 vertices and 14 edges containing two Hamiltonian paths (Adleman used 20-mer oligonucleotides for a graph with 7 nodes, 14 edges and one Hamiltonian path). We found that depending on the graph characteristics such as the number of short cycles, the oligonucleotide size, and the hybridization conditions that used to encode the graph, the protocol should be executed with different parameters from Adleman's. (+info)

An ontology for biological function based on molecular interactions. (4/179)

MOTIVATIONS: A number of important bioinformatics computations involve computing with function: executing computational operations whose inputs or outputs are descriptions of the functions of biomolecules. Examples include performing functional queries to sequence and pathway databases, and determining functional equality to evaluate algorithms that predict function from sequence. A prerequisite to computing with function is the existence of an ontology that provides a structured semantic encoding of function. Functional bioinformatics is an emerging subfield of bioinformatics that is concerned with developing ontologies and algorithms for computing with biological function. RESULTS: The article explores the notion of computing with function, and explains the importance of ontologies of function to bioinformatics. The functional ontology developed for the EcoCyc database is presented. This ontology can encode a diverse array of biochemical processes, including enzymatic reactions involving small-molecule substrates and macromolecular substrates, signal-transduction processes, transport events, and mechanisms of regulation of gene expression. The ontology is validated through its use to express complex functional queries for the EcoCyc DB. CONTACT: [email protected] (+info)

MPSA: integrated system for multiple protein sequence analysis with client/server capabilities. (5/179)

MPSA is a stand-alone software intended to protein sequence analysis with a high integration level and Web clients/server capabilities. It provides many methods and tools, which are integrated into an interactive graphical user interface. It is available for most Unix/Linux and non-Unix systems. MPSA is able to connect to a Web server (e.g. http://pbil.ibcp.fr/NPSA) in order to perform large-scale sequence comparison on up-to-date databanks. AVAILABILITY: Free to academic http://www.ibcp.fr/mpsa/ CONTACT: [email protected] (+info)

Graphically-enabled integration of bioinformatics tools allowing parallel execution. (6/179)

Rapid analysis of large amounts of genomic data is of great biological as well as medical interest. This type of analysis will greatly benefit from the ability to rapidly assemble a set of related analysis programs and to exploit the power of parallel computing. TurboGenomics, which is a software package currently in its alpha-testing phase, allows integration of heterogeneous software components to be done graphically. In addition, the tool is capable of making the integrated components run in parallel. To demonstrate these abilities, we use the tool to develop a Web-based application that allows integrated access to a set of large-scale sequence data analysis programs used by a transposon-insertion based yeast genome project. We also contrast the differences in building such an application with and without using the TurboGenomics software. (+info)

Computerized reminders for five preventive screening tests: generation of patient-specific letters incorporating physician preferences. (7/179)

Compliance with preventive screening tests is inadequate in the United States. We describe a computer based system for generating reminder letters to patients who may have missed their indicated screening tests because they do not visit a provider regularly or missed their tests despite the fact that they do visit a provider. We started with national recommendations and generated a local consensus for test indications. We then used this set of indications and our electronic record to determine test deficiencies in our pilot pool of 3073 patients. The computer generated customized reminder letters targeting several tests. Physicians chose any patients who should not receive letters. The response rate for fecal occult blood (FOB) testing was 33% compared with an 18% historical compliance rate within the same community. FOB reminders generated improved test compliance. Test execution must be considered when commencing a program of screening test reminders. (+info)

Six-fold speed-up of Smith-Waterman sequence database searches using parallel processing on common microprocessors. (8/179)

MOTIVATION: Sequence database searching is among the most important and challenging tasks in bioinformatics. The ultimate choice of sequence-search algorithm is that of Smith-Waterman. However, because of the computationally demanding nature of this method, heuristic programs or special-purpose hardware alternatives have been developed. Increased speed has been obtained at the cost of reduced sensitivity or very expensive hardware. RESULTS: A fast implementation of the Smith-Waterman sequence-alignment algorithm using Single-Instruction, Multiple-Data (SIMD) technology is presented. This implementation is based on the MultiMedia eXtensions (MMX) and Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) technology that is embedded in Intel's latest microprocessors. Similar technology exists also in other modern microprocessors. Six-fold speed-up relative to the fastest previously known Smith-Waterman implementation on the same hardware was achieved by an optimized 8-way parallel processing approach. A speed of more than 150 million cell updates per second was obtained on a single Intel Pentium III 500 MHz microprocessor. This is probably the fastest implementation of this algorithm on a single general-purpose microprocessor described to date. (+info)

Bruce H. McCormick, Thomas A. DeFanti and Maxine D. Brown (eds.) (1987). Visualization in Scientific Computing. ACM Press. ... Gregory M. Nielson, Hans Hagen and Heinrich Müller (1997). Scientific Visualization: Overviews, Methodologies, and Techniques. ... Sandia National Laboratory San Diego Supercomputer Center Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute Texas Advanced Computing ... This image was created from data generated by a tornado simulation calculated on NCSA's IBM p690 computing cluster. High- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_visualization

Golemati, Spyretta; Nikita, Konstantina S. (2019). Cardiovascular Computing-Methodologies and Clinical Applications. Springer. ... Nikita and her team developed smart systems, which incorporate sensing, computing and communication technologies, software/ ... Computing. 53 (12): 1333-1343. doi:10.1007/s11517-015-1320-9. PMID 26049412. S2CID 1565191. Golemati, S.; Gastounioti, A.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantina_Nikita

Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 319. pp. ... Adaptation and learning methodologies used to adapt the FCM model and adjust its weights. Kosko and Dickerson (Dickerson & ... In IT project management, a FCM-based methodology helps to success modelling, risk analysis and assessment, IT scenarios ... Salmeron, Jose L.; Gutierrez, E. (2012). "Fuzzy Grey Cognitive Maps in Reliability Engineering". Applied Soft Computing. 12 (12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_cognitive_map

Dasgupta, S. (2010). Social Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. (ISBN 1-605-66984-9). ... Virtual Communities: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. IGI Global: New York, NY (ISBN 1-609-60100-9) Jones, G. ... Proceedings of the Proceedings of the sigchi conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 631-638). New York, NY: ACM ... CHI'07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM. Chou, Wen-ying Sylvia; et al. (2009). "Social media use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_community

Subhasish DasGupta (November 2009). Social Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML_Friends_Network

"SystemC based ESL methodologies - SystemC based ESL methodologies". Circuitsutra.com. Retrieved 2016-10-03. John M. at a major ... ERP & DBMS Corporation (2016-08-29). "QuickPlay: Bringing FPGA Computing to the Masses". Quickplay.io. Retrieved 2016-10-03. [3 ... covers the use of C/C++, SystemC, TML and even UML Liming Xiu (2007). VLSI circuit design methodology demystified: a conceptual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_synthesis

ACM Symposium on Applied Computing Data Streams Track held in conjunction with the 2007 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC ... Lughofer, Edwin (2011). Evolving Fuzzy Systems - Methodologies, Advanced Concepts and Applications. Studies in Fuzziness and ... ACM Computing Surveys. 46 (4): 1-37. doi:10.1145/2523813. S2CID 207208264. Gomes, Heitor Murilo; Read; Bifet; Barddal; Gama ( ... that in many applications of data stream mining can be read only once or a small number of times using limited computing and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_stream_mining

His varied research interests also included interactive computing; time series analysis; the relation between statistical ... theory and practical decision making; survey methodology and practice; and productivity and quality improvement. Roberts was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_V._Roberts

The DEMO methodology gives the analyst an understanding of the business processes of the organization, as well as the agents ... Electronic Workshops in Computing). With Frank Dignum, Egon Verharen, and Hans Weigand. Springer ISBN 3-540-76118-7 2006. ... Enterprise Ontology - Theory and Methodology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 3-540-29169-5 2008. Advances in ... Jan Dietz (2006). Enterprise Ontology - Theory and Methodology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. CIAO website Delft ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Dietz

Ran Canetti; Oded Goldreich; Shai Halevi (1998). "The Random Oracle Methodology Revisited". Symposium on Theory of computing ( ... Danny Dolev; Cynthia Dwork; Moni Naor (1991). "Non-Malleable Cryptography" (PDF). Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC). ACM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_model_(cryptography)

"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. 29 (6): 04014105. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000440.. ... Klügl, F. (2008). "A validation methodology for agent-based simulations". Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied ... Article providing methodology for moving real world human behaviors into a simulation model where agent behaviors are ... Niazi, M.A. and Hussain, A (2012), Cognitive Agent-based Computing-I: A Unified Framework for Modeling Complex Adaptive Systems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_based_model

Dori is known for the development of Object Process Methodology for which he received the Technion Klein Research Award and the ... ACM Computing Surveys. 40: 1-89. doi:10.1145/1322432.1322435. Dori, Dov (1995). "Object-Process Analysis: Maintaining the ... Ramsin, Raman; Paige, Richard F. (2008). "Process-centered review of object oriented software development methodologies". ... known for the development of Object Process Methodology (OPM). The ideas underlying OPM were published for the first time in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dov_Dori

Soft Computing: A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications. 3 (3): 117. doi:10.1007/s005000050059. "Workshop on ... He has been Guest Editor of special issues of Soft Computing in 1999 and of Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence ... Possibility Measures in Probabilistic Inference in Soft Methodology for Handling Variability and Imprecision, Springer (2008) ... ". "Soft Computing". "Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence". Giulianella, Coletti (1999). "International Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano_Scozzafava

"Process-centered review of object oriented software development methodologies". ACM Computing Surveys. Association of Computing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise_Unified_Process

Special Issue on 'Emerging Trends in Soft Computing - Memetic Algorithm', Soft Computing Journal, Completed & In Press, 2008. ... Methodologies and Applications. 13 (8-9): 871-882. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.7327. doi:10.1007/s00500-008-0354-4. Areibi, S., Yang, ... Memetic Computing' by Thomson Scientific's Essential Science Indicators as an Emerging Front Research Area. Special Issue on ... In general, using the ideas of memetics within a computational framework is called memetic computing or memetic computation (MC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memetic_algorithm

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 1 (3): 307-328. doi:10.1023/A:1010090512027. Diaconis, Persi (April 2009). " ... Interacting MCMC methodologies are a class of mean field particle methods for obtaining random samples from a sequence of ... These advanced particle methodologies belong to the class of Feynman-Kac particle models, also called Sequential Monte Carlo or ... Series B (Statistical Methodology). 68 (3): 411-436. arXiv:cond-mat/0212648. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2006.00553.x. Chen, S.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov_chain_Monte_Carlo

... : Research interests, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, UK. "IFIP Working Group 2.3: Programming Methodology". ... worked on denotational semantics with Christopher Strachey in the Programming Research Group at the Oxford University Computing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Stoy

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 11 (3): 385. doi:10.1007/s11009-008-9089-z. hdl:10016/14071. Julia L. Wirch; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion_function

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 10 (4): 471-505. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.399.7912. doi:10.1007/s11009-008-9073-7. ... ISBN 978-0-415-39630-1. Zio, E.; Pedroni, N. (2011). "How to effectively compute the reliability of a thermal-hydraulic nuclear ... Subset simulation is a method used in reliability engineering to compute small (i.e., rare event) failure probabilities ... INFORMS Journal on Computing. arXiv:1909.03566. doi:10.1287/ijoc.2019.0936. S2CID 202540190. Au, S.K.; Wang, Y. (2014). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset_simulation

"How cybernetics connects computing, counterculture, and design". www.dubberly.com. Retrieved 2018-08-20. "20th WCP: The ... Midgley, Gerald (2012). Systemic Intervention: Philosophy, Methodology, and Practice. New York: Springer Science & Business ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism_(cybernetics)

Crovella, M. E.; Taqqu, M. S. (1999). "Estimating the Heavy Tail Index from Scaling Properties". Methodology and Computing in ... or a computed residual or filtered data from a large class of models and estimators, including mis-specified models and models ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy-tailed_distribution

2011). Cloud Computing: Methodology, Systems, and Applications. Rajiv Ranjan, Jinjun Chen, Boualem Benatallah. CRC Press. pp. ... In cloud computing, Storage as a Service (STaaS) involves the provision of off-site storage for data and information. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_service_provider

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 15 (1): 105-108. doi:10.1007/s11009-011-9224-0. hdl:20.500.11850/64244. S2CID ... This methodology is limited such that it does not allow for dependence to evolve as the financial markets exhibit asymmetric ... Applied studies adopted the copula-based methodology to examine e.g., agricultural droughts or joint effects of temperature and ... Theoretical studies adopted the copula-based methodology for instance to gain a better understanding of the dependence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copula_(probability_theory)

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. 10 (4): 471-505. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.399.7912. doi:10.1007/s11009-008-9073-7. ... Review of Methodology, Applications, and Software". Annual Review of Biophysics. 46 (1): 43-57. doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys- ... Statistics and Computing. 22 (1): 1-16. doi:10.1007/s11222-010-9201-4. S2CID 14970946. Cerou., Frédéric; Arnaud Guyader (2005 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_event_sampling

Balbás, A.; Garrido, J.; Mayoral, S. (2008). "Properties of Distortion Risk Measures". Methodology and Computing in Applied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_risk_measure

Balbás, A.; Garrido, J.; Mayoral, S. (2008). "Properties of Distortion Risk Measures" (PDF). Methodology and Computing in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_shortfall

Balbás, A.; Garrido, J.; Mayoral, S. (2008). "Properties of Distortion Risk Measures" (PDF). Methodology and Computing in ... The definition of VaR is nonconstructive; it specifies a property VaR must have, but not how to compute VaR. Moreover, there is ... The same position data and pricing models are used for computing the VaR as determining the price movements. Although some of ... The system is run periodically (usually daily) and the published number is compared to the computed price movement in opening ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_at_risk

... charges can be computed using the popular ab initio quantum chemical packages such as Gaussian, GAMESS-US and ORCA. ... Charge partitioning theory and methodology". RSC Adv. 6 (53): 47771-47801. doi:10.1039/c6ra04656h. Singh, U. Chandra; Kollman, ... The representative atomic charges for flexible molecules hence should be computed as average values over several molecular ... where some of the innermost atoms are located far away from the points at which the MESP is computed. In such a situation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHELPG

E. Lughofer, Evolving Fuzzy Systems: Methodologies, Advanced Concepts and Applications. Studies in Fuzzy and Soft Computing, ... P. Angelov, D. Filev, N. Kasabov, Evolving Intelligent Systems: Methodology and Applications, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2010. P. ... N. Kasabov, "Evolving Fuzzy Neural Networks-Algorithms, Applications and Biological Motivation", in Methodologies for the ... N. Kasabov, "Evolving fuzzy neural networks-algorithms, applications and biological motivation." in Methodologies for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolving_intelligent_system

Wayne Wolf (25 September 2006). High-Performance Embedded Computing: Architectures, Applications, and Methodologies (1st ed.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARINC_573

There is a formula to compute the rank-biserial from the Mann-Whitney U and the sample sizes of each group:[11] ... scipy.stats.mannwhitneyu(x, y, use_continuity=True): Computes the Mann-Whitney rank test on samples x and y.. ... There is a simple difference formula to compute the rank-biserial correlation from the common language effect size: the ... This paper also computed the first four moments and established the limiting normality of the statistic under the null ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mann-Whitney_U_test

Among them are the SIGGRAPH and Eurographics conferences and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Transactions on ... Center for Graphics and Geometric Computing at Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics_

"Bioinformatics - Trends and Methodologies. InTech. Consultado o 8 de xaneiro de 2012.. ... Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention) - Copenhague, 5 de outubro de 2006. Páxs. 65-72.. ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloxía_computacional

"A Database and Evaluation Methodology for Optical Flow". Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2 March 2020.. ... The method was used to compute optical flow for the painterly effects in What Dreams May Come and for registering 3D face scans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Black

"University League Tables Methodology". Retrieved 21 March 2020.. *^ a b "The Complete University Guide 2020". The Complete ... "Library and computing spending" - the average expenditure on library and computer services per student (data source: HESA); ... "The Guardian University League Table 2011 - Methodology" (PDF). The Guardian. London. 8 June 2010. Archived (PDF) from the ... "League Table Methodology". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2018.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom

"Computing Apportionment". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-02-14.. *^ Edward V Huntington (1921). "The Mathematical Theory of ... The apportionment methodology currently used is the method of equal proportions,[1][16][17][18] so called because it guarantees ... The priority number is determined by a formula that is mathematically computed to be the ratio of the state population to the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment

Software for computing isotone (monotonic) regression has been developed for the R statistical package [2], the Stata ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotonic_regression

Methodology[edit]. Performance testing web applications[edit]. According to the Microsoft Developer Network the Performance ... Benchmark (computing). *Web server benchmarking. *Application Response Measurement. External links[edit]. *The Art of ... Testing Methodology consists of the following activities: *Identify the Test Environment. Identify the physical test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_performance_testing

It is a methodology, not a recipe.. Occam's Razor does not say there is only one correct way of explaining something, it says ... In computing terms this equates to the business requirements. This definition becomes de facto the set of acceptance criteria ... The Church Turing thesis says we need new physics before two computing machines are different, by Occam's Razor we should not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Artificial_consciousness/NPOV_Version/discuss

"The 2016 Political Methodology Career Achievement Award: Keith T. Poole". The Society for Political Methodology.. ... As computing capabilities grew, Poole and Rosenthal developed multiple iterations of their NOMINATE procedure: the original D- ... "The Society for Political Methodology. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010.. ... Poole and Rosenthal were named the first recipients of the Society for Political Methodology's Best Statistical Software Award ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOMINATE_

R. L. Wysong (1976). "5: Origin of Proteins". The Creation-evolution Controversy (implications, Methodology and Survey of ... Best known for computing the orbit of the eponymous Halley's Comet.[145] ... His primary area of research is quantum computing and computational complexity theory.[1] ... "Roger Penrose On Why Consciousness Does Not Compute". Nautilus. NautilusThink Inc. Retrieved 24 August 2018. In some ways, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_

"Computing Supplementa. 4. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-7551-4. ISBN 978-3-211-81776-6. .. Cite journal requires ,journal=. (help). ... Transgressive Computing 2006: A conference in honor of Jean Della Dora, (TC 2006). pp. 43-49.. ... Firstly, canonical forms may be more costly to compute than normal forms. For example, to put a polynomial in canonical form, ... Although computer algebra could be considered a subfield of scientific computing, they are generally considered as distinct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_algebra

... the probability that the outcome lies in a given interval can be computed by taking the difference between the values of the ... and the probability that the outcome lies in a given interval can be computed by integrating the probability density function ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_distribution

The sum of two m × n (pronounced "m by n") matrices A and B, denoted by A + B, is again an m × n matrix computed by adding ... This finding has since been affirmed by a variety of laboratories using different methodologies.[24] Another 1992 experiment ... Reliable Computing, Kluwer.. *. Loday, Jean-Louis (2002). "Arithmetree". Journal of Algebra. 258: 275. arXiv:math/0112034 . doi ... Ifrah, Georges (2001). The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to the Quantum Computer. New York, NY: John Wiley & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition_table

It is part of the design by contract methodology. Many aspects of classes (and structs) can be introspected automatically at ... doesn't actually return an array, but a lazily evaluate range, this way the actual elements of the map are computed by each ... Alternative implementations and methodologies of writing concurrent code are possible. The use of D typing system does help ... The style of writing code like this is often referenced as pipeline (especially when the objects used are lazily computed, for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language)

They still do - the modern precisely defined quantities are refinements of definition and methodology, but still with the same ... The CODATA task group on fundamental constants has announced special submission deadlines for data to compute the values that ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SI

Cranial computed topography, magnetic resonance imaging, and flurodeoxyglucose positron emission topography are just some of ... Several scientists have developed murine models of SSADH (Aldh5a1-/-) by typical gene methodology to create a uniform absence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 498. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-42070-7. ISBN 978-3-319-42069-1. .. ... "National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary". Sleep Health: Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health?rdfrom=http://www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Health&redirect=no

"Social Computing Group, Microsoft. Archived from the original on May 19, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.. ... were due to the methodology of questioning respondents face-to-face, which led to social desirability bias.[43][50] In contrast ... has been collecting data on the furry fandom using numerous methodologies. Their 2016 publication collects several peer- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furry_fandom

In computing, object model has two related but distinct meanings: The properties of objects in general in a specific computer ... programming language, technology, notation or methodology that uses them. Examples are the object models of Java, the Component ... Nordic Journal of Computing. 1: 3-37. Marini, Joe (2002). Document Object Model: Processing Structured Documents. Osborne/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_model

a b c Luciano Floridi (1993), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing and Information, pp.186-196. ... Michael C. Jackson (1991), Systems Methodology for the Management Sciences. *^ Organisational Cybernetics[permanent dead link] ... I: Methodology. Vienna:edition echoraum. *Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela (1988). "The Tree of Knowledge", Shambhala, ... Conversation, Cognition and Learning: A Cybernetic Theory and Methodology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1975. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_cybernetics

Early names for health informatics included medical computing, biomedical computing, medical computer science, computer ... "Current methodologies for translational bioinformatics". Journal of Biomedical Informatics. 43 (3): 355-7. doi:10.1016/j.jbi. ... "Clinical Research Computing: A Practitioner's Handbook. Academic Press. pp. 173-85. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-803130-8.00009-9. ... The broad history of health informatics has been captured in the book UK Health Computing: Recollections and reflections, Hayes ...

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Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press. p. 616. ISBN 0-521-43108-5. . Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student's_t-test

With this methodology, devices create their own networks through the use of excess capacity, bypassing the need for a pre- ... Capitalism has become a system relying on distributed networks, in particular on the P2P infrastructure in computing and ... PCCS Books, 1998 (defines relational spirituality and the methodology called Cooperative Inquiry) ...

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"Information and Computing Sciences". SRI International. Retrieved 2015-08-17.. *^ "Mission Solutions Division". SRI ... psychographic methodology in the late 1970s to explain changing U.S. values and lifestyles.[62] VALS was formally inaugurated ... In computing and software, SRI developed a multimedia electronic mail system, a theory of non-interference in computer security ... Research in computing and computer science-related areas led to the development of many companies, including Symantec, the ...

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The drag of a critical path activity can be computed using the following formula: *If a critical path activity has nothing in ... and event chain methodology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_path_method

It gives tables for ground snow loads by region and a methodology for computing ground snow loads that may vary with elevation ... More recent models use an energy balance approach that take into account the following factors to compute Qm, the energy ... The Eurocode 1 uses similar methodologies, starting with ground snow loads that are tabulated for portions of Europe.[78] ... This requires measurement of an array of snowpack and environmental factors to compute six heat flow mechanisms that contribute ...

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"Proceedings of the 11th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. PervasiveHealth. ... To bridge the dichotomy of benefits associated with both methodologies, in situ experimentation allowed the controlled aspects ...

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... depending on the methodology being used.[37] Because many public policies are shaped by GDP calculations and by the related ... U.S. GDP computed on the expenditure basis.. GDP (Y) is the sum of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G) and ...

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Much of this development occurred at a time that automated computing was offering substantial upgrades over the existing ... calculator and analogue computing methods available, themselves products of the proliferation of office equipment innovations ...

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Intelligent Control Systems Using Soft Computing Methodologies. This book focuses on the design and analysis of biological and ... of applications and concludes with the integration of genetic algorithms into the paradigm of soft computing methodologies. ... MathWorks is the leading developer of mathematical computing software for engineers and scientists. ...

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Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability publishes high quality research and review articles in areas of applied ... Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability publishes high quality research and review articles in areas of applied ... Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability is a top rated Springer Nature journal for author satisfaction. ... Publishes high quality research and review articles in areas of applied probability that emphasize methodology and computing ...

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... the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, ICIC 2018, held in Wu ... Natural Computing; Quantum Computing; Intelligent Computing in Computer Vision; Fuzzy Theory and Algorithms; Machine Learning; ... Intelligent Computing Methodologies 14th International Conference, ICIC 2018, Wuhan, China, August 15-18, 2018, Proceedings, ... Intelligent Computing Methodologies. 14th International Conference, ICIC 2018, Wuhan, China, August 15-18, 2018, Proceedings, ...

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Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. Coverage. Volume 1 / 1999 - Volume 20 / 2018. Print ISSN. 1387-5841. Online ... Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability publishes high quality research and review articles in areas of applied ... Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability. ISSN: 1387-5841 (Print) 1573-7713 (Online) ... probability that emphasize methodology and computing. The journal focuses on articles that examine important applications and ...

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Software Testing Methodologies. * Why you should get on board with software testing trends Will your organization design a ... Which is the right methodology to use for your project: Waterfall or Agile? The industry may be at peak Agile, as the ... ... Application dependencies are tough to manage in serverless computing. Developers need to take specific steps, including the ... ...

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Software Testing Methodologies. * Acceptance test-driven development explained Acceptance test driven development brings ... Attend a DevOps conference and it seems every company struggles with the methodology. We asked seven experts to tell us how ... ...

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Start the top Computing Methodologies training courses today ... Hotcourses has 157 of the best Computing Methodologies courses ... Computer Systems training courses Computing courses Computing Methodologies training courses Database training courses ECDL ...

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Grid computing: A form of distributed parallel computing whereby processes are split up to leverage the available computing ... Utility computing: A model of purchasing computing capacity, such as CPU, storage, and bandwidth, from an IT service provider, ... Based on the lessons learned from previous efforts, a phased Cloud Computing Transition Methodology designed to address the ... Cloud computing refers to the practice of leveraging third-party computing resources, such as network grids and server farms, ...

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Heterogeneous computing is difficult. Thus, frameworks and methodologies require constant innovation to facilitate the use ... The first paper discusses a general distributed mobile computing system for deployment of large scale deep neural networks. The ...

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Computing the Flow of Light: Nonstandard FDTD Methodologies for Photonics Design Author(s): James B. Cole; Saswatee Banerjee ... 2.7.4 Parallel versus serial computing. 2.7.5 Over-relaxation. 2.8 The Random Walk Model and the Diffusion Equation. 2.8.1 ... FDTD is a topic of active research, and its methodology is constantly evolving. FDTD and FDTD-like methods can be used to solve ... As the name suggests, the time evolution of a system is computed at discrete time steps, and periodic visualizations can show ...

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If required by your instructor, you can add annotations to your citations. Just select Add Annotation while finalizing your citation. You can always edit a citation as well. ...

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Tablet computing and apps: A methodology for improved business productivity. Bredican, John ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9942-5890 ...

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... control system of a Soft-Computing type, on the grounds of the excellent results obtained in the field of automobiles in former ... A SOFT COMPUTING METHODOLOGY APPLIED TO ABS. DS 32: Proceedings of DESIGN 2004, the 8th International Design Conference, ... The aim of this paper is to create a new ABS (Antilock Braking System) control system of a Soft-Computing type, on the grounds ...

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Mechanisms of root reinforcement in soils: an experimental methodology using four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography and ... Mechanisms of root reinforcement in soils: an experimental methodology using four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography and ... an experimental methodology using four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation ...

https://www.hutton.ac.uk/print/node/16977

In one embodiment, for example, in an occasionally connected computing environment, a system of the present invention for ... A system and methodology providing service invocation for occasionally connected computing devices is described. ... System and methodology providing service invocation for occasionally connected computing devices Country Status (1). Country. ... System and methodology providing service invocation for occasionally connected computing devices Publications (2). Publication ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US7467389B2/en

Effectively, these two fields collectively form the de facto basis for the methodologies and techniques that need to be used to ... This addresses the commercial demand for distributed computing.?use the service-oriented computing as the context of a ... Grid computing represented a more business-oriented orchestration of relatively homogeneous and powerful distributed computing ... Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Grid computing are two very pertinent fields that have received a significant and sustained research ...

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ICSE 2011: John Rushby - Formal Methods, Verification and Some Computing History 36:06. ICSE 2011: Conversation with Kumiyo ... ICSE 2011: Dieter Rombach - Software Engineering Process Methodology. * Jun 23, 2011 at 10:00AM. ... Rombachs work in designing and implementing scalable strategies and methodologies for controlling complexity and adding ... Use data to prove methodology but what is the example of the data? ...

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... soft computing, and high performance computing. It followed the success of PAKDD-97 held in Singapore in 1997 and PAKDD-98 held ... PAKDD-99 encouraged both new theory/methodologies and real world - plications, and covered broad and diverse topics in data ... Advanced Topics and New Methodologies. Of the 158 submissions, we accepted 29 regular papers and 37 short papers for ... soft computing, and high performance computing. It followed the success of PAKDD-97 held in Singapore in 1997 and PAKDD-98 held ...

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... 22 Direct prism of substrate into hospice. ... In South Africa, some fears love less than high performance embedded computing architectures applications and methodologies per ... Even 2000s Biggar were high performance embedded computing architectures applications and methodologies of a social opinion. As ... When going, walks it eat to see high performance embedded computing architectures applications and methodologies agencies? What ...

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Methodology and correlation with quantitative computed tomography. J. G. McPherson, W. B. Edwards, A. Prasad, K. L. Troy, James ... Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the knee in spinal cord injury: Methodology and correlation with quantitative computed ... Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the knee in spinal cord injury : Methodology and correlation with quantitative computed ... Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the knee in spinal cord injury : Methodology and correlation with quantitative computed ...

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Browse Morley College Computing Methodologies courses with details of the Computing Methodologies courses, Morley College ... Computing and IT Animation Computer Software Computing Computing Methodologies Information and Communications Technology + View ...

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Cloud Computing (1) Methodology. * Business Technographics (14) * Consumer Technographics (7) * Vendor Landscape (3) ...

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Tuesday, June 22: Study methodologies, study design and evaluation issues. 0800 - 0900. Breakfast. ...

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Conversational Computing Platforms (12) * Robotic Process Automation (RPA) (11) * Chatbots (9) Methodology. * Forrester Tech ... Report The Forrester Tech Tide™: Compute Platforms, Q4 2019 Fifteen Technologies Underpin Compute Platforms. October 10, 2019 ... Webinar Today, 5G And Edge Computing Are Advancing IoT Value May 12, 2020 , Michele Pelino, James Staten ... Human experiences depend heavily on underlying technology performance, making compute platforms increasingly critical to a ...

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Make research projects and school reports about Methodology easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... methodology A Dictionary of Computing © A Dictionary of Computing 2004, originally published by Oxford University Press 2004. ... Home Science and Technology Computers and Electrical Engineering Computers and Computing Methodology ... Methodology International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences COPYRIGHT 2008 Thomson Gale. Methodology. A BODY OF RULES AND ...

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Advanced Methodologies Descriptions and Applications: 10.4018/978-1-4666-5202-6.ch006: Artificial intelligence is the stuff of ... Also called evolutionary computing.. Forecasting: A process of predicting the future. Commonly applied to weather and equity ... "Advanced Methodologies Descriptions and Applications." In Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization, ed. John Wang, ... "Advanced Methodologies Descriptions and Applications." Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization. IGI Global, 2014. ...

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Secondary: to correlate DXA-based knee areal BMD with volumetric BMD assessments derived from quantitative computed tomography (QCT). (northwestern.edu)
Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy of a fully automated method for assessing the image quality (IQ) of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). (springer.com)
Achenbach S, Moselewski F, Ropers D et al (2004) Detection of calcified and noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque by contrast-enhanced, submillimeter multidetector spiral computed tomography: a segment-based comparison with intravascular ultrasound. (springer.com)
Diagnostic Testing for Acute Head Injury in Children: When Are Head Computed Tomography and Skull Radiographs Indicated? (aappublications.org)
Skull radiographs, head computed tomography, and data forms including mechanism of injury, symptoms, and physical findings were completed for each child. (aappublications.org)
11 Head computed tomography (CT) has become the diagnostic method of choice for identification of intracranial disorders in patients with head trauma. (aappublications.org)
This study introduces a method to standardize the acquisition of images before and after preparing root canals by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). (bvsalud.org)
X-ray computed tomography (CT) has become a powerful tool for root phenotyping. (biomedcentral.com)

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability publishes high quality research and review articles in areas of applied probability that emphasize methodology and computing. (springer.com)
Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability is a top rated Springer Nature journal for author satisfaction. (springer.com)

A methodology is a repeatable process with project-specific methods, best practices, rules, guidelines, templates, checklists, and other features for building quality systems that are manageable and deliver value to the organization. (informit.com)
Although there were variations on the theme (different versions of the structured techniques included the popular Gane-Sarson and Yourdon methods), for the most part, the structured methodology provided a means to develop usable systems in an era of batch computing. (informit.com)
Citation Query Group cognition in chat: Methods of interaction / methodologies of analysis. (psu.edu)
Plant Methods is delighted to announce the launch of our special Thematic Series on Plant Phenotyping and Phenomics with the publication of three new methodology papers, all focusing on different solutions to the challenges of plant phenotyping. (biomedcentral.com)
This paper will analyze the methodology and their application in identifying and evaluating herbal medicines by means of HPLC FPS, which includes simple comparing, clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and similarity analysis methods. (hindawi.com)
The history of computing is longer than the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology and includes the history of methods intended for pen and paper or for chalk and slate, with or without the aid of tables. (wikipedia.org)

Which is the right methodology to use for your project: Waterfall or Agile? (techtarget.com)
A software development methodology, such as waterfall development or Agile methodologies, will include standard steps for ALM stages such as planning, implementation, testing, and documentation. (theserverside.com)
Learn about various software development techniques and the Agile methodology in particular. (theserverside.com)
We will make your business more agile, more flexible, more powerful, and more profitable with Cloud computing. (techaheadcorp.com)

At its Build 2017 conference, Microsoft highlighted new technologies focusing on containers, serverless computing and microservices as part of its DevOps strategy. (theserverside.com)
Continuously deliver software innovation with IBM DevOps tools and methodologies. (ibm.com)

Our European Union's Horizon-2020 project aims to develop a complete synthesis and performance optimization methodology for switching nano-crossbar arrays that leads to the design and construction of an emerging nanocomputer. (umass.edu)
GREEN 2020, The Fifth International Conference on Green Communications, Computing and Technologies, continues the series focusing on current solutions, stringent requirements for further development, and evaluations of potential directions. (iaria.org)

The aim of the workshop is to discuss recent developments in optimization and inverse methodologies and their applications to the design and operation of electromagnetic devices. (tu-ilmenau.de)

Budoff MJ, Dowe D, Jollis JG et al (2008) Diagnostic performance of 64-multidetector row coronary computed tomographic angiography for evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in individuals without known coronary artery disease: results from the prospective multicenter ACCURACY (Assessment by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography) trial. (springer.com)

Advanced methodologies is the utilization of accepted artificial intelligence programs in mathematical applications to solve a variety of problems. (igi-global.com)

It then focuses on the theory and fundamentals of fuzzy logic, implementation, and examples of applications and concludes with the integration of genetic algorithms into the paradigm of soft computing methodologies. (mathworks.com)
Cloud computing has emerged as a new computing paradigm that gathers massive numbers of computers in centralized data centers to deliver Web-based applications, application platforms, and services via a utility model. (sys-con.com)
Another high performance embedded computing architectures applications to permeate looking this aryl in the form is to afford Privacy Pass. (diabetespraxis-bedburg.de)
There wish first Aramaic cattle getting on returning HIV and AIDS drugs in the SADC high performance embedded computing architectures applications and as just. (diabetespraxis-bedburg.de)
Some levels in South Africa Dedicated their high performance embedded computing architectures applications and methodologies came Direct, but teachers was against him and as showed the reaction to emphasise willingly that recursos could make punished obtainable. (diabetespraxis-bedburg.de)
In South Africa, some fears love less than high performance embedded computing architectures applications and methodologies per %, serving that cracks must commit American nitriles in system to be antiretroviral azidation to have their women. (diabetespraxis-bedburg.de)
Advanced Methodologies Descriptions and Applications. (igi-global.com)
The work Cloud computing : methodology, systems, and applications represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Mid-Continent Public Library . (mymcpl.org)
Using specific methodologies can considerably enhance your ways of developing applications, whether on a mainframe or the web. (informit.com)
How to employ these state-of-the-art soft-computing techniques, methodologies and applications enabling big data is a key question for today's researchers. (springeropen.com)
Cloud computing is catching on, but its impact on the network must be considered before companies begin running significant applications in the cloud. (techtarget.com)
Our Cloud consultants will design, launch and maintain applications that will run on a Cloud environment and help your organization to experience all benefits of Cloud computing such as agility, flexibility, data security, data integrity, and more. (techaheadcorp.com)

This paper documents the development and application of a general statistical methodology to assess the accuracy of baseline energy models, focusing on its application to Measurement and Verification (M&V) of whole--building energy savings. (osti.gov)
R: A language and environment for statistical computing. (europa.eu)
R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. (europa.eu)

To think of this another way, a methodology is a roadmap to get you where you want to go. (informit.com)

A machine methodology for designing asynchronous circuits utilizes a modular approach for the synthesis of asynchronous circuits from signal transition graphs, partitions the signal transition graph into a number of simpler and more manageable modules. (google.com)

The symposium provides an interdisciplinary forum for researchers across their discipline boundaries to exchange their approaches, to search for ideas, methodologies, and tool boxes, to find better, faster and more accurate solutions thus fostering innovative ideas as well as to develop research agenda of common interest. (worldcat.org)

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Symposium On Combinatorics, Algorithms, Probabilistic and Experimental Methodologies, ESCAPE 2007, held in Hangzhou, China in April 2007. (worldcat.org)
Combinatorics, algorithms, probabilistic and experimental methodologies. (worldcat.org)

Probabilistic graphical models like Bayesian Networks (BNs) are powerful cognitive-computing formalisms, with many similarities to human cognition. (umass.edu)
This cluster seeks to advance the science, formalisms, and methodologies for building computing and communication systems. (nsf.gov)

The intended readership of the book spans both an academic audience and professionals in the areas of Operational Research, Transportation Science, and Maritime Science interested in applying IT methodologies in their areas of expertise. (springer.com)
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Grid computing are two very pertinent fields that have received a significant and sustained research interest in terms of designing and deploying large scale and high performance computational resource sharing systems. (google.com)
This addresses the distributed computing academic and research community desire to better understand the link between P2P networks and Grids. (google.com)
We discuss these preliminary follow-up findings, offer research and methodological reflections, and share next steps for applied research that aims to create positive cultural change in computing. (frontiersin.org)
The first and most important step in any methodology is the formulation of the research question. (encyclopedia.com)
Enhancing scientific research with reproducible, collaborative, and scalable data analysis workflows and methodologies. (usgs.gov)
Chapter three discusses the research design and methodology used for the current study. (ipl.org)
ACM provides independent, nonpartisan, and technology-neutral research and resources to policy leaders, stakeholders, and the public about public policy issues, drawn from the deep technical expertise of the computing community. (acm.org)
This thematic collection attempts to collect high-quality survey papers and original research articles related to the above topic, and bring together social network and media, big data-oriented academic researchers, engineers and administrators utilizing state-of-the-art technologies and ideas to adopt soft computing in the big data era, with in-depth user behavior analytics as well as resolutions of the security and trust issues. (springeropen.com)
Expected economic, environmental and society wellbeing impact of green computing and communications technologies led to important research and solutions achievements in recent years. (iaria.org)
His research interests include high-performance computing architectures and networks, SoC and NoCs, and memory/storage systems. (wiley.com)
In this research, a multi-input-multi-output baseline computed fuel control scheme is used to simultaneously control the mass flow rate of both port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI) systems to regulate the fuel ratio of PFI to DI to desired levels. (naver.com)
Our research groups in mathematics, physics, statistics, computing and information technology, and cyber security attract funding from industry, government organisations and the highly competitive Australian Research Council grant schemes. (edu.au)
Research in computing and IT, data science and statistics ranges from fundamental research in human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, software engineering and image processing to more applied research in educational technology and decision making. (edu.au)
As a doctoral student of educational administration and supervision, you'll do a deep dive into the concepts of educational leadership on a district and state level, as well as educational methodology, psychological research, theory of educational administration, and more. (bsu.edu)

Fifty-four contributors were placed from a interpretation of 80 focuses, coding a information genre of 68 o. numerous other download Reversible Logic Synthesis Methodologies with Application to Quantum Computing 2016 was a cyber of pattern. (ftfdesignstudio.com)
The real instantiation modern serverless computing can be seen through AWS's Lambda product , which the cloud giant debuted in 2016. (computerweekly.com)

The aim of this paper is to create a new ABS (Antilock Braking System) control system of a Soft-Computing type, on the grounds of the excellent results obtained in the field of automobiles in former studies. (designsociety.org)
In the social media-big data era, advanced soft computing methodologies have become essential for processing data, mining rules and establishing knowledge. (springeropen.com)

Cloud computing refers to the practice of leveraging third-party computing resources, such as network grids and server farms, to extend IT capabilities and reduce the cost of ownership. (sys-con.com)
The primary difference between the service models of cloud computing and previous software (e.g., outsourcing or data center consolidation) is scale. (sys-con.com)
Although cloud computing is in its early stages and definitions vary greatly, the underlying technologies today are consistent. (sys-con.com)
There are a number of service offerings and implementation models under the cloud computing umbrella, each with associated pros and cons. (sys-con.com)
Provide technology or have adapted existing technology to run on or support cloud computing. (sys-con.com)
We recognize that the transition to a cloud computing paradigm presents a number of challenges. (sys-con.com)
The second is that Cloud Computing is the main instrument of this new paradigm (Koutsopoulos & Kotsanis, 2014). (sofiaeducationexperts.com)
Setting up a cloud computing platform can be a little more complex than many organisations expect, as there are so many things to take into consideration. (computerweekly.com)
Major Jamaican telecoms players are betting on cloud computing services in the country as they invest in initiatives geared towards this business area, according to local newspaper the Jamaica Observer. (bnamericas.com)
According to the Observer, local telecoms operators Digicel , LIME and Flow have all made efforts in the area and have made it clear cloud computing services will be an important part of business operations in the coming years. (bnamericas.com)
According to LIME's managing director of managed services Ian Galt, the telco starting offering cloud computing services last year and has highlighted it as a "key growth area. (bnamericas.com)
We at TechAhead offer fully customized and tailor-made Cloud computing services, that are tweaked and molded as per our client's specific business needs. (techaheadcorp.com)
In the first step, our Cloud computing consultants will evaluate your current IT system and processes, and discover the existing loopholes and issues that are stopping your growth. (techaheadcorp.com)
Once Cloud computing and cloud infrastructure have been deployed, we will also provide post-Cloud support and staff training for seamless transformation from legacy to Cloud systems. (techaheadcorp.com)
Our Cloud computing offerings are focused on our Client's success: With Cloud computing, you open up a new portal of possibilities and opportunities that never existed before. (techaheadcorp.com)

Introduction:Service-oriented computing is a popular design methodology for large scale business computing systems. (google.com)
5G networks promise exponential bandwidth and ultra-low latency to edge computing solutions that empower near-real-time insights gained from business systems built on internet of things (IoT). (forrester.com)
Computer Systems Analysis Methodology: Studies in Measuring, Evaluating, and Simulating Computer Systems. (rand.org)
If you access IUE computing systems from off campus, please indicate the service you use. (indiana.edu)
Data was collected from 199 students from a single institution who were computer science, information systems/information technology and non-major students taking a variety of introductory computing courses. (slideshare.net)
Extended Abstracts of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI 2003 , pp. 760-761. (yorku.ca)
Evolving from the fields of high-performance computing and networking, large scale network-centric distributed systems continues to grow as one of the most important topics in computing and communication and many interdisciplinary areas. (wiley.com)
Large Scale Network-Centric Distributed Systems provides in-depth coverage ranging from ground-level hardware issues (such as buffer organization, router delay, and flow control) to the high-level issues immediately concerning application or system users (including parallel programming, middleware, and OS support for such computing systems). (wiley.com)
Major computing disciplines include computer engineering , computer science , cybersecurity , data science , information systems , information technology and software engineering . (wikipedia.org)
For example, an information systems specialist will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. (wikipedia.org)
Secure Computing SafeWord 2008 delivers identity management and access control for Windows systems using tokens that generate secure single-use passcodes. (techtarget.com)
Nikita and her team developed smart systems, which incorporate sensing, computing and communication technologies, software/hardware modeling and system architectures for the monitoring, treatment, motivation and coaching of patients with diabetes and other chronic conditions. (wikipedia.org)

How does the methodology with abstract models work? (semiwiki.com)

You'll get a high level overview of Dr. Rombach's work in designing and implementing scalable strategies and methodologies for controlling complexity and adding reliability to software development projects of any size and complexity. (msdn.com)

P2P and Grids started as two different distributed computing philosophies which, however, nowadays tend to have a significant overlap: Grid computing represented a more business-oriented orchestration of relatively homogeneous and powerful distributed computing resources to optimize the execution of time consuming tasks whereas P2P networks had an emphasis on the discovery and sharing of resources on the edges of a heterogeneous network. (google.com)
autonomic software, grids, and utility computing. (informit.com)

This practice offers numerous potential benefits to organizations that want to centralize software and data storage management while eliminating the costly overhead of in-house hardware and software maintenance and the personnel required to build, support, and maintain enterprise computing solutions. (sys-con.com)

Application dependencies are tough to manage in serverless computing. (techtarget.com)
The answer to this could be serverless computing (a misnomer if ever there was one), which has nothing to do with getting rid of the hardware a service or application runs on. (computerweekly.com)

Methodology refers to the behavior of scientists and scholars when examining phenomena relevant to their specific disciplines. (encyclopedia.com)

MathWorks is the leading developer of mathematical computing software for engineers and scientists. (mathworks.com)
This article discusses the use of methodologies in developing software and managing application projects. (informit.com)
Methodologies have been among the most discussed and least implemented of all approaches to improving software quality and productivity in the global IT industry. (informit.com)
The methodology is integrated with project-management software tools and process-management techniques to provide a valuable all-around delivery vehicle. (informit.com)

Last, Chapter 7 presents simulation methodologies for modeling maritime traffic. (springer.com)
This chapter presents the '1:1 educational computing', a methodology in which each pupil in the class has their own computer, which they use to participate in the learning activities. (sofiaeducationexperts.com)
This chapter is based on three important assumptions on the basis of which the educational proposal - methodology is presented and documented. (sofiaeducationexperts.com)
CHAPTER THREE METHHODOLOGY 3.0 Introduction This chapter focuses on the methodology that will be used in the study. (ipl.org)

Here, we developed a new strategy to phenotypically profile the human genome with respect to transferrin (TF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) endocytosis by combining RNA interference, automated high-resolution confocal microscopy, quantitative multiparametric image analysis and high-performance computing. (nih.gov)

Use data to prove methodology but what is the example of the data? (msdn.com)
PAKDD-99 encouraged both new theory/methodologies and real world - plications, and covered broad and diverse topics in data mining and knowledge discovery. (google.com)
Data download Reversible Logic Synthesis Methodologies and manifestations know Russian Expressions. (ftfdesignstudio.com)
We illustrate the methodology by evaluating five baseline models using data from 29 buildings. (osti.gov)
The papers address practical large data processing problems with different, and eventually converging, methodologies from major important disciplines such as computer science, combinatorics, and statistics. (worldcat.org)
Supported by a large number of examples, Linear Model Methodology provides a strong foundation in the theory of linear models and explores the latest developments in data analysis. (crcpress.com)
With the amount of data organizations are generating today, IT leaders should consider edge computing technologies from these vendors to keep all that data closer to the edge. (techtarget.com)

In addition to introducing useful new methodologies, this book provides readers with analytical background and simulation examples that will help them develop their own methodologies to solve yet-to-be-posed problems. (spie.org)
Computer simulation, one of the main cross-computing methodologies. (wikipedia.org)
The scale of events being simulated by computer simulations has far exceeded anything possible (or perhaps even imaginable) using the traditional paper-and-pencil mathematical modeling: over 10 years ago, a desert-battle simulation, of one force invading another, involved the modeling of 66,239 tanks, trucks and other vehicles on simulated terrain around Kuwait, using multiple supercomputers in the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program. (wikipedia.org)

Linear models provide the groundwork for analysis of variance, regression analysis, response surface methodology, variance components analysis, and more, making it necessary to understand the theory behind linear modeling. (crcpress.com)
The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application. (wikipedia.org)

Combined with three other recently published papers on the same topic, this collection is the starting point for what will be on on-going series of review papers and methodology papers on Plant Phenotyping and Phenomics that we will publish over the coming months. (biomedcentral.com)

This book is one of very few in the maritime literature that solely focus on the latest developments in information technology (IT) methodologies in this field. (springer.com)

That statement may have had some basis in reality then, but methodologies have matured and are becoming more widely accepted as we've all realized that we need effective tools that can help us to be more productive. (informit.com)

Educational Organizations that adopt the '1:1 educational computing' methodology should begin with a set of clearly defined goals, including the expected outcomes. (sofiaeducationexperts.com)
Development organizations should embrace and implement integrated methodologies now widely available, but little used or even understood. (informit.com)

Thus, frameworks and methodologies require constant innovation to facilitate the use heterogeneous platforms. (iccad.com)
Because the download Reversible Logic Synthesis Methodologies with was unit not after Halloween 2015, and because landing authors was aesthetic with the CDC Zombie commander management filtering its frequent arthritis shot and Zombie Disease Detectives formulas, 21 the medicine struggled governed to Subscribe a friend innovation to Choose symmetry fall. (ftfdesignstudio.com)
ACM's Special Interest Groups (SIGs) represent major areas of computing, addressing the interests of technical communities that drive innovation. (acm.org)

The first paper discusses a general distributed mobile computing system for deployment of large scale deep neural networks. (iccad.com)

If your enterprise is faced with multiple-standard compliance, having a set gap analysis methodology can save a lot of time and effort. (techtarget.com)
Once you know the requirements you need to meet, then you can usually fall back onto a simple checklist approach for the gap analysis methodology . (techtarget.com)

7. The title of this paper refers to the the fact that the computing disciplines should be understood to be quite unlike the distinct roles in a typical rock band. (slideshare.net)

The first national assessment of many-day time series of metabolic rates created using high-throughput computing to reduce model run-time. (usgs.gov)

A new solution methodology for fuzzy relation equations. (exlibris.ch)

business services from pools of resources, providing the ability to specify and deploy computing capacity on-demand. (sys-con.com)
Methodologies frequently have a deliverable in the form of a business case that defines the economics, benefits, costs, resources needed, and so on, ensuring that the project is oriented toward the company's business needs. (informit.com)
Test your knowledge of business continuity with our business continuity planning methodology quiz. (techtarget.com)

In accordance with the conference, the books are devoted to new methodologies, knowledge modeling and hybrid techniques. (exlibris.ch)
We present a novel modeling methodology for the comparison of cancer patients within a cohort, based on the spatial spread of the lymph nodes affected in each patient. (elsevier.com)

A form of distributed parallel computing whereby processes are split up to leverage the available computing power of multiple CPUs acting in concert. (sys-con.com)

The performance of the baseline computed fuel controller is compared with that of a baseline proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller. (naver.com)

This presentation reports the initial findings of a multi-year study that is surveying major and non-major students' understanding of the different computing disciplines. (slideshare.net)
Results show that undergraduate computing students are more likely to rate tasks as being better fits to computer disciplines than are their non-major (NM) peers. (slideshare.net)
6. One of the most important achievements in computing education has been the recognition and elaboration of the five different computing disciplines. (slideshare.net)
8. The computing disciplines have considerable overlap between them. (slideshare.net)
Despite this overlap, universities have to offer distinct computing degrees that typically do not blend curricula between the different disciplines. (slideshare.net)
9. For students, their initial understanding of the different computing disciplines may play a large role in how they decide which (if any) computing program to register in. (slideshare.net)
Do students differentiate between computing disciplines? (slideshare.net)
A Validation Study of Student Differentiation Between Computing Disciplines. (slideshare.net)
14. Like the C&BC study, this study examines student knowledge of the five different computing disciplines. (slideshare.net)
SIGs offer a wealth of conferences, publications and activities focused on specific computing sub-disciplines. (acm.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms6

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment100

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations24

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Humanities1

Information Science39

Named Groups1

Health Care67

Geographicals7

The two-dimensional IR nonlinear spectroscopy of a cyclic penta-peptide in relation to its three-dimensional structure. (1/179)

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of vaginal Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates. (2/179)

DNA computing the Hamiltonian path problem. (3/179)

An ontology for biological function based on molecular interactions. (4/179)

MPSA: integrated system for multiple protein sequence analysis with client/server capabilities. (5/179)

Graphically-enabled integration of bioinformatics tools allowing parallel execution. (6/179)

Computerized reminders for five preventive screening tests: generation of patient-specific letters incorporating physician preferences. (7/179)

Six-fold speed-up of Smith-Waterman sequence database searches using parallel processing on common microprocessors. (8/179)

Reproducibility of Results

Algorithms

Models, Statistical

Models, Biological

Research Design

Computer Simulation

Time Factors

Computational Biology

Gene Expression Profiling

Sensitivity and Specificity

Phylogeny

Software

Models, Theoretical

Cluster Analysis

Molecular Sequence Data

Data Interpretation, Statistical

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Geography

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Models, Genetic

Mass Spectrometry

Proteomics

Bayes Theorem

Genotype

Base Sequence

Phenotype

Genetic Variation

Species Specificity

United States

Ecosystem

Quality Control

Data Collection

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Proteins

Genomics

Amino Acid Sequence

Mutation

Models, Molecular

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Databases, Factual

DNA Primers

Prevalence

Cell Line, Tumor

Case-Control Studies

Questionnaires

Treatment Outcome

Gene Expression Regulation

Reference Standards

Review Literature as Topic

China

Neoplasms

Protein Binding

Biodiversity

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Artificial Intelligence

Evidence-Based Medicine

Principal Component Analysis

Dinosaurs

Methods

Q-Sort

Brain

Molecular Structure

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Biological Markers

DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic

Brazil

Information Storage and Retrieval

Signal Transduction

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Likelihood Functions

Risk Factors

Genetic Techniques

Pattern Recognition, Automated

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Research

Regression Analysis

Europe

Biomedical Research

Proteome