Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.
The attitude and behavior associated with an individual using the computer.
Various units or machines that operate in combination or in conjunction with a computer but are not physically part of it. Peripheral devices typically display computer data, store data from the computer and return the data to the computer on demand, prepare data for human use, or acquire data from a source and convert it to a form usable by a computer. (Computer Dictionary, 4th ed.)
Familiarity and comfort in using computers efficiently.
Systems composed of a computer or computers, peripheral equipment, such as disks, printers, and terminals, and telecommunications capabilities.
A type of MICROCOMPUTER, sometimes called a personal digital assistant, that is very small and portable and fitting in a hand. They are convenient to use in clinical and other field situations for quick data management. They usually require docking with MICROCOMPUTERS for updates.
Process of teaching a person to interact and communicate with a computer.
Input/output devices designed to receive data in an environment associated with the job to be performed, and capable of transmitting entries to, and obtaining output from, the system of which it is a part. (Computer Dictionary, 4th ed.)
The adaptive superiority of the heterozygous GENOTYPE with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding HOMOZYGOTE.
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.
Computers in which quantities are represented by physical variables; problem parameters are translated into equivalent mechanical or electrical circuits as an analog for the physical phenomenon being investigated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.
An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.
A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA.
A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.
Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.
Small computers that lack the speed, memory capacity, and instructional capability of the full-size computer but usually retain its programmable flexibility. They are larger, faster, and more flexible, powerful, and expensive than microcomputers.
Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Data processing largely performed by automatic means.
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Computers whose input, output and state transitions are carried out by biochemical interactions and reactions.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Computer-based systems for input, storage, display, retrieval, and printing of information contained in a patient's medical record.
A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming.
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
The visual display of data in a man-machine system. An example is when data is called from the computer and transmitted to a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY or LIQUID CRYSTAL display.
A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.
Text editing and storage functions using computer software.
A form of interactive entertainment in which the player controls electronically generated images that appear on a video display screen. This includes video games played in the home on special machines or home computers, and those played in arcades.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Computer systems utilized as adjuncts in the treatment of disease.
The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.
Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
The science of designing, building or equipping mechanical devices or artificial environments to the anthropometric, physiological, or psychological requirements of the people who will use them.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.
Systems where the input data enter the computer directly from the point of origin (usually a terminal or workstation) and/or in which output data are transmitted directly to that terminal point of origin. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)
Use of computers or computer systems for doing routine clerical work, e.g., billing, records pertaining to the administration of the office, etc.
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.
The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.
Devices capable of receiving data, retaining data for an indefinite or finite period of time, and supplying data upon demand.
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Polyploidy with three sets of chromosomes. Triploidy in humans are 69XXX, 69XXY, and 69XYY. It is associated with HOLOPROSENCEPHALY; ABNORMALITIES, MULTIPLE; PARTIAL HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; and MISCARRAGES.
Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Methods of creating machines and devices.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.
The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.
Integrated, computer-assisted systems designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information concerned with the administrative and clinical aspects of providing medical services within the hospital.
A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.
Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.
The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
A system in which the functions of the man and the machine are interrelated and necessary for the operation of the system.
A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.
In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Materials, frequently computer applications, that combine some or all of text, sound, graphics, animation, and video into integrated packages. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)
The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.
Specifications and instructions applied to the software.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.
The medium-sized, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group C in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 and the X chromosome.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.
Mechanisms that prevent different populations from exchanging genes (GENE FLOW), resulting in or maintaining GENETIC SPECIATION. It can either prevent mating to take place or ensure that any offspring produced is either inviable or sterile, thereby preventing further REPRODUCTION.
Computer-assisted analysis and processing of problems in a particular area.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Automated systems applied to the patient care process including diagnosis, therapy, and systems of communicating medical data within the health care setting.
A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.
Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of ambulatory care services and facilities.
Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of medical data through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)
Instrumentation consisting of hardware and software that communicates with the BRAIN. The hardware component of the interface records brain signals, while the software component analyzes the signals and converts them into a command that controls a device or sends a feedback signal to the brain.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Equipment that provides mentally or physically disabled persons with a means of communication. The aids include display boards, typewriters, cathode ray tubes, computers, and speech synthesizers. The output of such aids includes written words, artificial speech, language signs, Morse code, and pictures.
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.
The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.
Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses.
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.
Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Computer-based information systems used to integrate clinical and patient information and provide support for decision-making in patient care.
Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)
Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.
Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.
A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Balm of Gilead is a common name used for P. candicans, or P. gileadensis, or P. jackii, and sometimes also used for ABIES BALSAMEA or for COMMIPHORA.
The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.
A ribonuclease that specifically cleaves the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been isolated from a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as well as RETROVIRUSES.
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.
The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.
Specific languages used to prepare computer programs.
The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).
Systematic identification, development, organization, or utilization of educational resources and the management of these processes. It is occasionally used also in a more limited sense to describe the use of equipment-oriented techniques or audiovisual aids in educational settings. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, December 1993, p132)
An optical disk storage system for computers on which data can be read or from which data can be retrieved but not entered or modified. A CD-ROM unit is almost identical to the compact disk playback device for home use.
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.
Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of radiology services and facilities.
Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Precise procedural mathematical and logical operations utilized in the study of medical information pertaining to health care.
Double-stranded nucleic acid molecules (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA) which contain regions of nucleotide mismatches (non-complementary). In vivo, these heteroduplexes can result from mutation or genetic recombination; in vitro, they are formed by nucleic acid hybridization. Electron microscopic analysis of the resulting heteroduplexes facilitates the mapping of regions of base sequence homology of nucleic acids.
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.
Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses.
The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.
In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.
Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.
A species of toxic plants of the Compositae. The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals.
A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.
A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.
Transmission of information over distances via electronic means.
Systematic organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of specialized information, especially of a scientific or technical nature (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983). It often involves authenticating or validating information.
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
The short, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group E in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 16, 17, and 18.
Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.
The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.
A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.
Laboratory and other services provided to patients at the bedside. These include diagnostic and laboratory testing using automated information entry.
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Organized collections of computer records, standardized in format and content, that are stored in any of a variety of computer-readable modes. They are the basic sets of data from which computer-readable files are created. (from ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Continuous electrocardiographic recording during exercise in young male diabetics. A computer study. (1/11)

Forty selected young patients with diabetes of medium to long duration and 26 control subjects without clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease were studied using a new and sensitive technique of electrocardiographic recording during exercise with continuous computation of the time course of the ST-T segment changes to detect possible early ST depression indicative of ischaemia. Although no such evidence was found, significant differences in the diabetics were observed in the heart rate and ST-T segment, the latter changes having not been previously reported but which may be attributed to ischaemia or alternatively to autonomic neuropathy in the "presymptomatic" phase.  (+info)

Stable isotope ratiometer-multiple ion detector unit for quantitative and qualitative stable isotope studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (2/11)

We have designed and constructed a stable isotope ratiometer-multiple ion detector unit, which can drive existing chromatograph-quadrupole or magnetic sector mass gas spectrometers to monitor up to six ions in turn. Each of the three pairs of ions can be selected for quantitation; thus three different or successive components can be analyzed in a single gas-chromatographic run. A background subtraction option permits the ion intensity in the absence of sample to be subtracted automatically during sample measurement. Displays of accumulated counts and isotope ratio are updated twice per second during the measurement and can be printed out at is conclusion. All six ions can be monitored in the analog mode by parallel outputs to a multipen recorder. Experience gained in the construction of this prototype indicates that such units could be commercially available for $10 000, or about a third to a sixth of the cost of even an inexpensive computer system.  (+info)

INVESTIGATION OF AN OPERATOR METHOD IN THE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL TRACER DATA. (3/11)

Some factors affecting the usefulness of a linear operator in the analysis of tracer data were evaluated. Application of the operator to a sum of two exponential components resulted in the separation of the rate constants with an accuracy of 10 to 15 per cent if they differed by a factor of at least 2 and the error in the data was about 2 per cent. A factor of 4 was necessary if the error in the data was 6 per cent, and of 6 if the error was 10 per cent. The ratio of amplitudes varied from near unity to equality with the ratio of rate constants. However, if the ratio of amplitudes was greater than the ratio of rate constants the method would not resolve the rate constants. Application of the operator to a sum of three exponential components was also considered.  (+info)

Neural networks: models and neurons show hybrid vigor in real time. (4/11)

Hybrid networks in which living neurons interact with digital or analog model neurons are providing insights into the role of neural and synaptic properties in shaping neural network activity.  (+info)

Extracting medication information from clinical text. (5/11)

 (+info)

Nonlinear cable equations for axons. II. Computations and experiments with external current electrodes. (6/11)

We have investigated the steady-state potential and current distributions resulting from current injection into a close-fitting channel into which a squid axon is placed. Hybrid computer solutions of the cable equations, using the Hodgkin-Huxley equations to give the membrane current density, were in good agreement with experimental observations. A much better fit was obtained when the Hodgkin-Huxley leakage conductance was reduced fivefold.  (+info)

Ribosomal precursors and ribonucleic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. (7/11)

Ribosomes and immature ribonucleoprotein particles were isolated from extracts of log-phase cells grown under various conditions. Quantitative measurements were made to determine the relative amounts of immature particles present in the extracts. The results indicate that the steady-state level of ribosomal precursors accounted for essentially a constant fraction of the total ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the cells. For cells with RNA-protein ratios between 0.43 and 0.65, about 1.6% of the total RNA occurred as immature ribonucleoprotein particles. Further, increased levels of immature particles were shown to be correlated with a reduced rate of RNA synthesis in cells recovering from chloramphenicol inhibition. The reduction was found to vary directly with the duration of pretreatment in chloramphenicol and, consequently, with the level of immature particles present in the cells.  (+info)

On-line acquisition of the output of AutoAnalyzers. (8/11)

A computer-based system of on-line acquisition of the output from AutoAnalyzers is described and discussed. Early experience suggests that many advantages accrue from such a system.  (+info)

The term "cumulative" refers to the gradual buildup of damage over time, as opposed to a single traumatic event that causes immediate harm. The damage can result from repetitive motions, vibrations, compressive forces, or other forms of stress that accumulate and lead to tissue injury and inflammation.

Some common examples of CTDs include:

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome: A condition that affects the wrist and hand, caused by repetitive motion and compression of the median nerve.
2. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, often caused by repetitive motion or overuse.
3. Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions joints and reduces friction between tissues.
4. Tennis elbow: A condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the elbow, caused by repetitive gripping or twisting motions.
5. Plantar fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, caused by repetitive strain and overuse.
6. Repetitive stress injuries: A broad category of injuries caused by repetitive motion, such as typing or using a computer mouse.
7. Occupational asthma: A condition caused by inhaling allergens or irritants in the workplace, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
8. Hearing loss: Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve caused by exposure to loud noises over time.
9. Vibration white finger: A condition that affects the hands, causing whiteness or loss of blood flow in the fingers due to exposure to vibrating tools.
10. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm.

It's important to note that these conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, ability to work, and overall well-being. If you are experiencing any of these conditions, it is important to seek medical attention to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

Types of triploidy:

There are two main types of triploidy:

1. Trisomy 21: This type of triploidy occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of three copies of that chromosome. Trisomy 21 is the most common type of triploidy and is associated with Down syndrome, a genetic disorder that can cause intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other health problems.
2. Triploidy with other chromosomal abnormalities: This type of triploidy occurs when there are extra copies of other chromosomes in addition to chromosome 21. This can result in a wide range of developmental delays, intellectual disability, and other health problems.

Causes of triploidy:

Triploidy can occur due to various factors, including:

1. Genetic mutation: Triploidy can occur when there is a genetic mutation during embryonic development that results in an extra set of chromosomes.
2. Fertilization errors: Errors during fertilization can result in the formation of an extra set of chromosomes, leading to triploidy.
3. Maternal age: Advanced maternal age has been linked to an increased risk of triploidy, as older eggs are more likely to have genetic mutations that can lead to extra sets of chromosomes.
4. Assisted reproductive technology (ART): Triploidy can occur in children conceived through ART techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Symptoms of triploidy:

The symptoms of triploidy can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:

1. Growth delays: Children with triploidy may experience slow growth and development, and may be shorter and lighter than their peers.
2. Intellectual disability: Triploidy can result in intellectual disability, which is characterized by below-average intelligence and difficulty with daily living skills.
3. Developmental delays: Children with triploidy may experience delays in reaching developmental milestones, such as sitting, standing, and walking.
4. Physical abnormalities: Triploidy can result in a range of physical abnormalities, including heart defects, craniofacial abnormalities, and limb abnormalities.
5. Health problems: Children with triploidy may experience a range of health problems, including respiratory infections, feeding difficulties, and gastrointestinal issues.

Diagnosis of triploidy:

Triploidy can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including:

1. Chromosomal analysis: This involves examining the child's cells to determine if they have three copies of every chromosome.
2. Ultrasound: An ultrasound can be used to examine the baby's physical characteristics and identify any abnormalities.
3. Blood tests: Blood tests can be used to measure the levels of certain substances in the body, such as hormone levels, which can help confirm a diagnosis of triploidy.
4. Amniocentesis: This is a test that involves inserting a needle into the uterus to collect a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. The fluid can be analyzed for signs of triploidy.

Treatment and management of triploidy:

There is no cure for triploidy, and treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. Some common treatments include:

1. Medications: Children with triploidy may require medication to manage seizures, developmental delays, and other symptoms.
2. Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help children with triploidy develop gross motor skills and improve their mobility.
3. Speech therapy: Speech therapy can help children with triploidy improve their communication skills and address any language delays.
4. Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help children with triploidy develop fine motor skills and perform daily activities.
5. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct physical abnormalities or release compressed nerves.

It's important to note that each child with triploidy is unique and may require a different treatment plan. Parents should work closely with their healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for their child.

In summary, triploidy is a rare chromosomal condition that can cause a range of physical and developmental delays. While there is no cure for triploidy, there are various treatments available to manage the symptoms and improve quality of life. It's important for parents to receive a diagnosis from a qualified healthcare provider and work closely with them to determine the best course of treatment for their child.

Polyploidy is a condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, which are the thread-like structures that carry genetic information. It can occur in both plants and animals, although it is relatively rare in most species. In humans, polyploidy is extremely rare and usually occurs as a result of errors during cell division or abnormal fertilization.

In medicine, polyploidy is often used to describe certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer or colon cancer, that have extra sets of chromosomes. This can lead to the development of more aggressive and difficult-to-treat tumors.

However, not all cases of polyploidy are cancerous. Some individuals with Down syndrome, for example, have an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is a non-cancerous form of polyploidy. Additionally, some people may be born with extra copies of certain genes or chromosomal regions due to errors during embryonic development, which can lead to various health problems but are not cancerous.

Overall, the term "polyploidy" in medicine is used to describe any condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, regardless of whether it is cancerous or non-cancerous.

1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage and bone in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
3. Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
4. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, which can cause pain and stiffness in the affected area.
5. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
6. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.
7. Sprains and strains: Injuries to the ligaments or muscles, often caused by sudden twisting or overstretching.
8. Back pain: Pain in the back that can be caused by a variety of factors, such as muscle strain, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis.
9. Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures.
10. Clubfoot: A congenital deformity in which the foot is turned inward and downward.

These are just a few examples of musculoskeletal diseases, and there are many more conditions that can affect the muscles, bones, and joints. Treatment options for these conditions can range from conservative methods such as physical therapy and medication to surgical interventions. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent or severe symptoms in your musculoskeletal system.

The shoulder is a complex joint that consists of several bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which work together to provide a wide range of motion and stability. Any disruption in this delicate balance can cause pain and dysfunction.

Some common causes of shoulder pain include:

1. Rotator cuff injuries: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and mobility. Injuries to the rotator cuff can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder.
2. Bursitis: Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints and reduce friction between the bones, muscles, and tendons. Inflammation of the bursae (bursitis) can cause pain and swelling in the shoulder.
3. Tendinitis: Tendinitis is inflammation of the tendons, which connect the muscles to the bones. Tendinitis in the shoulder can cause pain and stiffness.
4. Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when the ball of the humerus (upper arm bone) is forced out of the shoulder socket. This can cause severe pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
5. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that affects the joints, including the shoulder. It can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
6. Frozen shoulder: Also known as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder is a condition where the connective tissue in the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and scarred, leading to pain and stiffness.
7. Labral tears: The labrum is a cartilage ring that surrounds the shoulder socket, providing stability and support. Tears to the labrum can cause pain and instability in the shoulder.
8. Fractures: Fractures of the humerus, clavicle, or scapula (shoulder blade) can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
9. Rotator cuff tears: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that provide stability and support to the shoulder joint. Tears to the rotator cuff can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder.
10. Impingement syndrome: Impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff become pinched or compressed as they pass through the shoulder joint, leading to pain and inflammation.

These are just a few examples of common shoulder injuries and conditions. If you're experiencing shoulder pain or stiffness, it's important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Asthenopia is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those who spend long hours working on computers, reading, or engaging in other visually demanding activities. It can also be triggered by other factors such as poor lighting, incorrect posture, and eye conditions like myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness).

While asthenopia is usually a temporary condition that resolves on its own after resting the eyes, it can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious underlying eye condition. Therefore, if you experience persistent or severe symptoms of asthenopia, it's important to consult an eye care professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

Treatment options for asthenopia may include taking regular breaks to rest the eyes, adjusting lighting conditions, using artificial tears to lubricate dry eyes, and making changes to your workspace or reading habits to reduce visual strain. In some cases, prescription eyewear or vision therapy may be necessary to address underlying eye conditions that contribute to asthenopia.

1. Asbestosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a nerve disorder caused by repetitive motion and pressure on the wrist.
3. Mesothelioma: a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.
4. Pneumoconiosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling dust from mining or other heavy industries.
5. Repetitive strain injuries: injuries caused by repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools.
6. Skin conditions: such as skin irritation and dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals or other substances in the workplace.
7. Hearing loss: caused by loud noises in the workplace.
8. Back injuries: caused by lifting, bending, or twisting.
9. Respiratory problems: such as asthma and other breathing difficulties caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in the workplace.
10. Cancer: caused by exposure to carcinogens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or heavy metals in the workplace.

Occupational diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, as they often develop gradually over time and may not be immediately attributed to the work environment. In some cases, these diseases may not appear until years after exposure has ended. It is important for workers to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their job and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing protective gear, following safety protocols, and seeking regular medical check-ups. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and follow strict regulations to prevent the spread of occupational diseases.

There are several types of neck pain, including:

* Acute neck pain: This is a sudden onset of pain in the neck, often caused by an injury or strain.
* Chronic neck pain: This is persistent pain in the neck that lasts for more than 3 months.
* Mechanical neck pain: This is pain caused by misalignment or degeneration of the spinal bones and joints in the neck.
* Non-mechanical neck pain: This is pain that is not caused by a specific structural problem, but rather by factors such as poor posture, muscle strain, or pinched nerves.

Neck pain can be treated with a variety of methods, including:

* Medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs
* Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength
* Chiropractic care to realign the spine and relieve pressure on nerves
* Massage therapy to relax muscles and improve circulation
* Lifestyle changes such as improving posture, losing weight, and taking regular breaks to rest and stretch.

It is important to seek medical attention if neck pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs.

Tetraploidy can be caused by various factors such as:

1. Polyploidy: This is a condition where an individual has more than two sets of chromosomes, including tetraploidy.
2. Chromosomal abnormalities: Such as aneuploidy, where there is an extra or missing copy of a specific chromosome.
3. Genetic disorders: Such as Down syndrome, which is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
4. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or radiation can increase the risk of tetraploidy.

Symptoms of tetraploidy can vary depending on the severity of the condition and may include:

1. Growth delays: Children with tetraploidy may experience slowed growth and development.
2. Intellectual disability: Some individuals with tetraploidy may have cognitive impairments and learning difficulties.
3. Physical abnormalities: Tetraploidy can result in a variety of physical characteristics, such as short stature, thinning hair, and distinctive facial features.
4. Increased risk of health problems: Individuals with tetraploidy may be more susceptible to certain health issues, such as heart defects, hearing loss, and vision problems.

Diagnosis of tetraploidy is typically made through chromosomal analysis, which can be performed on a blood or tissue sample. Treatment for tetraploidy is not always necessary, but may include:

1. Monitoring growth and development: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help track the child's growth and development.
2. Speech and language therapy: Children with tetraploidy may benefit from speech and language therapy to address any communication difficulties.
3. Occupational therapy: Individuals with tetraploidy may need occupational therapy to help them develop skills and abilities.
4. Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage associated health problems, such as heart defects or seizures.

It is important to note that every individual with tetraploidy is unique and may have a different experience and outcome. With appropriate medical care and support, many individuals with tetraploidy can lead fulfilling lives.

The term "gonadal dysgenesis" is used to describe a wide spectrum of abnormalities that affect the development of the gonads, including:

1. Turner Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by a missing or partially deleted X chromosome, which can result in short stature, infertility, and characteristic physical features such as a small head, ears, and hands.
2. Klinefelter Syndrome: A condition in which an individual has an extra X chromosome, leading to infertility, hypogonadism, and a range of physical characteristics such as breast enlargement and small testes.
3. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS): A condition in which the body is unable to respond to androgens (male hormones), resulting in female physical characteristics despite the presence of XY chromosomes.
4. Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS): A rare condition in which the müllerian ducts (the precursors of the uterus and fallopian tubes) do not properly develop, leading to a range of physical and reproductive abnormalities.
5. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): An inherited disorder that affects the production of hormones by the adrenal glands, which can lead to ambiguous genitalia and other physical symptoms.

The exact cause of gonadal dysgenesis is not always known, but it can be due to genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, or environmental factors. Diagnosis is typically made based on a combination of clinical features, hormone levels, and genetic testing. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and may include hormone therapy, surgery, and/or psychological support.

Types: There are several types of arm injuries, including:

1. Fractures: A break in one or more bones of the arm.
2. Sprains: Stretching or tearing of ligaments that connect bones to other tissues.
3. Strains: Tears in muscles or tendons.
4. Dislocations: When a bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint.
5. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, which can cause pain and stiffness in the arm.
6. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the joints and reduce friction.
7. Cuts or lacerations: Open wounds on the skin or other tissues of the arm.
8. Burns: Damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity.
9. Nerve injuries: Damage to the nerves that control movement and sensation in the arm.
10. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections that can affect any part of the arm.

Symptoms: The symptoms of arm injuries can vary depending on the type and severity of the injury. Some common symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, limited mobility, deformity, and difficulty moving the arm.

Diagnosis: A healthcare professional will typically perform a physical examination and may use imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to diagnose arm injuries.

Treatment: Treatment for arm injuries can range from conservative methods such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to surgical interventions. The goal of treatment is to relieve pain, promote healing, and restore function to the affected arm.

Neuroblastoma is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the development and growth of nerve cells. The cancerous cells are often sensitive to chemotherapy, but they can be difficult to remove surgically because they are deeply embedded in the nervous system.

There are several different types of neuroblastoma, including:

1. Infantile neuroblastoma: This type of neuroblastoma occurs in children under the age of one and is often more aggressive than other types of the cancer.
2. Juvenile neuroblastoma: This type of neuroblastoma occurs in children between the ages of one and five and tends to be less aggressive than infantile neuroblastoma.
3. Adult neuroblastoma: This type of neuroblastoma occurs in adults and is rare.
4. Metastatic neuroblastoma: This type of neuroblastoma has spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones or liver.

Symptoms of neuroblastoma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, but they may include:

* Abdominal pain
* Fever
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss
* Fatigue
* Bone pain
* Swelling in the abdomen or neck
* Constipation
* Increased heart rate

Diagnosis of neuroblastoma typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRI scans, and biopsies to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment for neuroblastoma usually involves a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. The prognosis for neuroblastoma varies depending on the type of cancer, the age of the child, and the stage of the disease. In general, the younger the child and the more aggressive the treatment, the better the prognosis.

Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of analog computers and digital computers. The digital component normally ... Hybrid computers are distinct from hybrid systems. The latter may be no more than a digital computer equipped with an analog-to ... "Starglow Hybrid Computer", which consisted of three EAI 8812 analog computers linked to an EAI 8100 digital computer, the ... Hybrid computers can be used to obtain a very good but relatively imprecise 'seed' value, using an analog computer front-end, ...
"Cintiq Companion hybrid details". wacom.com. Archived from the original on 2014-04-03. Retrieved 2014-04-03. style="background ... Tablet computers, Microsoft Tablet PC, Linux-based devices, Computing comparisons, Lists of mobile computers). ... Tablet computer Comparison of e-book readers Comparison of netbooks Slate phone, a mobile phone form factor Comparison of ... This is a list of tablet computers, grouped by intended audience and form factor. Multimedia tablets are compared in the ...
Used IBM SLT hybrid circuits. IBM 1130 IBM's least-expensive computer at that time, also used hybrid circuits (IBM SLT) IBM M44 ... "Packard Bell Computer , Selling the Computer Revolution , Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org. "ACROSS THE ... "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-11 (Урал-11)". "Electronic Digital Computer Ural-14 (Урал-14)". "Electronic Digital Computer ... "AN/UYK-3 General Purpose Computer". "Record of Revisions". Reference Manual Control Data 1604-Computer (PDF). CDC. "Computer ...
A 2-in-1 PC is a hybrid or combination of a tablet and laptop computer that has features of both. Distinct from tablets, 2-in-1 ... Comparison of tablet computers History of tablet computers Lists of mobile computers Mobile device Editors PC Magazine. " ... Tablets, being computers, do what other personal computers do, but lack some input/output (I/O) abilities that others have. ... Acorn Computers developed and delivered an ARM-based touch screen tablet computer for this program, branding it the "NewsPad"; ...
Pritchard, Stephen (23 June 2022). "Global file systems: Hybrid cloud and follow-the-sun access". Computer Weekly. Retrieved 23 ... Use cases for Hybrid cloud storage include: Burst for capacity - Hybrid cloud storage provides infinite and elastic storage ... Jones, Margaret (July 2019). "Hybrid Cloud Storage". SearchStorage. Maplesden, Paul (September 23, 2021). "What is hybrid cloud ... Hybrid cloud storage, in data storage, is a term for a storage infrastructure that uses a combination of on-premises storage ...
Computer networking). ... Hybrid Scheduling is a class of scheduling mechanisms that mix ... 1- Y. Pourmohammadi Fallah, H. Alnuweiri,"Hybrid Polling and Contention Access Scheduling in IEEE 802.11e WLANs", Journal of ... using a single discipline or framework is an instance of hybrid scheduling. Other examples include a scheduling scheme that can ...
"Porting UNIX/Linux Applications to OS X: Glossary". Apple Computer. 2005. Retrieved 2017-06-16. Jim Magee. WWDC 2000 Session ... Windows NT was the first Windows operating system based on a hybrid kernel[citation needed]. The hybrid kernel was designed as ... "hybrid" category is controversial, due to the similarity of hybrid kernels and ordinary monolithic kernels; the term has been ... "Hybrid Kernel - OSDev Wiki". wiki.osdev.org. Retrieved 2021-01-11. "What is Hybrid Kernel? - Definition from Techopedia". ...
Petrosky, Mark (1985-09-30). "HP's Vectra Called PC AT 'Hybrid'". InfoWorld. p. 5. Retrieved 20 February 2015. "Mindset micro; ... It was very rarely used in personal computers after 1982. Imagine that Cray computer decides to make a personal computer. It ... "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". "OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum". "Is 8-Bit Dead?". InfoWorld. Vol. 4, no. 47. Framingham, MA ... Ahl, David H. "Morrow Pivot; a truly portable MS-DOS computer from one of the oldest companies in the field". "OLD-COMPUTERS. ...
HP Computer Museum. Retrieved March 18, 2018. Petrosky, Mark (30 September 1985). "HP's Vectra Called PC AT 'Hybrid'". ... HP Computer Museum. Retrieved March 18, 2018. "9121 Disc Drive". Peripheral Products: Storage Selection. HP Computer Museum. ... The computer's screen was a 9-inch Sony CRT surrounded by infrared emitters and detectors which detected the position of any ... HP-150 (aka HP Touchscreen or HP 45611A) was a compact, powerful and innovative computer made by Hewlett-Packard in 1983. It ...
In 1994, Edward Amoroso put forth the concept of a "threat tree" in his book, "Fundamentals of Computer Security Technology." ... "The Hybrid Threat Modeling Method". "A Hybrid Threat Modeling Method". https://www.amazon.com/Threat-Modeling-Identification- ... Amoroso, Edward G (1994). Fundamentals of Computer Security Technology. AT&T Bell Labs. Prentice-Hall: Upper Saddle River. ISBN ... As a result, engineers and computer scientists soon began developing threat modeling concepts for information technology ...
"The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems". Theoretical Computer Science. Hybrid Systems. 138 (1): 3-34. doi:10.1016/0304-3975 ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 900: 229-242. doi:10.1007/3-540-59042-0_76. ISBN 978-3-540- ... Sifakis has worked on the verification of timed and hybrid systems with Thomas Henzinger and the synthesis of timed systems ... Joseph Sifakis (Greek: Ιωσήφ Σηφάκης) is a Greek-French computer scientist. He received the 2007 Turing Award, along with ...
... modular mission computer; modernized fire control radar; hybrid navigation system; advanced friend-enemy identification system ... The Block 20 computers are significantly improved in comparison to that of the earlier versions that later integrated into post ... Phase 1 of the CCIP added new Modular Mission Computers, color cockpit display kits and advanced IFF systems to domestically ... In 1993, the variable-stability computers and center stick were temporarily removed from the VISTA for flight tests for the ...
Holmes, D.S.; Kadin, A.M.; Johnson, M.W. (December 2015). "Superconducting Computing in Large-Scale Hybrid Systems". Computer. ...
... "hybrid") for arrays of 32-bit values. The later CLC-Intercal added "@" ("whirlpool") for a variable that can contain no value ( ... In computer programming, a sigil (/ˈsɪdʒəl/) is a symbol affixed to a variable name, showing the variable's datatype or scope, ...
The largest manufacturer of hybrid computers was Electronics Associates. Their hybrid computer model 8900 was made of a digital ... Today there are no more big hybrid computers, but only hybrid components.[citation needed] While a wide variety of mechanisms ... Slide rules and nomograms are the simplest, while naval gunfire control computers and large hybrid digital/analog computers ... An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computer that uses the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena ...
Initial incubation centers were Hybrid Systems and Resonotech. With the passage of time, more and more research labs were ... Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science (KICS) was established in 2002 as an institute to promote applied research in the ... In 2006, the research focus of KICS shifted from discrete and digital systems to information technology and computer science. ... Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science , ( دانش کدہَ الخوارزمی برائے کمپیوٹر سائنس) was established in August 2002 at ...
... with GPU for hybrid computing). The supercomputer Jade CINES: The Jade supercomputer (SGI Altix ICE 8200 EX) with a power of ... CINES also has an expertise cell on data formats and has a large computer and archival experience that allows it to be one of ... The National Computer Center for Higher Education (CINES), based in Montpellier, is a public institution of French ... This decree brings to light a new mission: the hosting of computer equipment on a national level. Over these years, the number ...
cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Scott, T.C.; Zhang, Wenxing (2015). "Efficient hybrid-symbolic methods ... for quantum mechanical calculations". Computer Physics Communications. 191: 221-234. Bibcode:2015CoPhC.191..221S. doi:10.1016/j ...
Weixia, Xu (June 2014). "Hybrid hierarchy storage system in MilkyWay-2 supercomputer". Frontiers of Computer Science. 8 (3): ... The computer beat out second-place finisher Titan by nearly a 2-to-1 margin. Titan, which is housed at the U.S. Department of ... Petascale computers, Supercomputing in China, X86 supercomputers, 64-bit computers). ... The completed computer complex would have occupied 720 square meters of space. The front-end system consisted of 4096 Galaxy FT ...
T. Rylander; A. Bondeson (2000). "Stable FDTD-FEM hybrid method for Maxwell's equations". Computer Physics Communications. 125 ... Parallel-processing computer architectures have come to dominate supercomputing. FDTD scales with high efficiency on parallel- ... processing CPU-based computers, and extremely well on recently developed GPU-based accelerator technology. Computer ... Aoyagi, P.H.; Lee, J.F.; Mittra, R. (1993). "A hybrid Yee algorithm/scalar-wave equation approach". IEEE Transactions on ...
Trackers detect or monitor head, hand or body movements and send that information to the computer. The computer then translates ... Also exists different hybrid techniques that combine some of the types. This task allows the user to enter and/or edit, for ... The computer needs to provide the user with information regarding location and movement. Navigation is the most used by the ... It uses computer vision and internal sensors (like gyroscopes) to enable mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to ...
"Towards a hybrid parallelization of lattice Boltzmann methods." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 58.5 (2009): 1071- ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7484. pp. 818-829. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32820-6_81. ISBN 978-3-642-32819-0. Krause, ... "Hybrid parallel simulations of fluid flows in complex geometries: Application to the human lungs." European Conference on ... "Hybrid parallel simulations of fluid flows in complex geometries: Application to the human lungs." European Conference on ...
Classification of malware codes such as computer viruses, computer worms, trojans, ransomware and spywares with the usage of ... Woźniak, Michał; Graña, Manuel; Corchado, Emilio (March 2014). "A survey of multiple classifier systems as hybrid systems". ... An intrusion detection system monitors computer network or computer systems to identify intruder codes like an anomaly ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4610. pp. 468-477. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73547-2_48. ISBN 978-3-540-73546-5. Menahem, ...
Burke, Robin (2007). "Hybrid Web Recommender Systems". The Adaptive Web. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4321. pp. 377- ... Many of the hybrid methods can be considered special cases of factorization machines. The above methods rely on affiliated ... Hybrid feature weighting techniques in particular are tailored for the recommender system domain. Some of them learn feature ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4321. pp. 325-341. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.130.8327. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72079-9_10. ISBN ...
Series of abstractions for hybrid automata. In International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (pp. 465-478 ... ". "The PlayStation powered super-computer". "SUPER POWER". "A supercomputer in the palm of your hand". "Test Bodies and Naked ... In his study regarding scientific computation, Khanna introduced a strategy to scale complex hybrid systems, and also discussed ... In International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (pp. 600-614). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Bojowald, M ...
Hybrid Systems Biology. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. 7699: 27-50. doi:10.1007/978-3- ... A more complex use of reporter genes on a large scale is in two-hybrid screening, which aims to identify proteins that natively ... Brückner, Anna; Polge, Cécile; Lentze, Nicolas; Auerbach, Daniel; Schlattner, Uwe (2009-06-18). "Yeast Two-Hybrid, a Powerful ... Nordgren, I. K.; Tavassoli, A (2014). "A bidirectional fluorescent two-hybrid system for monitoring protein-protein ...
Hybrid models may use the PIC method for the kinetic treatment of some species, while other species (that are Maxwellian) are ... Birdsall, Charles K.; A. Bruce Langdon (1985). Plasma Physics via Computer Simulation. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-005371-5. Boris, ... of Texas) open-pic - 3D Hybrid Particle-In-Cell simulation of plasma dynamics (CS1 errors: missing periodical, Articles with ... ISBN 0-07-005371-5. Hockney, Roger W.; James W. Eastwood (1988). Computer Simulation Using Particles. CRC Press. ISBN 0-85274- ...
Hardware asset management Hardware asset management entails the management of the physical components of computers and computer ... ISBN 978-3-642-22759-2. Bednarz (June 2010). "Targeting hybrid IT environments". Computerworld. "Remote Data Center Management ... Matt Hancock (October 26, 2018). "Power struggle". Computer Weekly. a row is brewing over an EU plan to curb datacentre energy ... "Computer Operators". Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems. O'Reilly. 2016. ISBN 978-1-491-92912-4 ...
1993). Hybrid Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 736. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-57318-6. ISBN 978-3-540- ... Danish computer programmers, Danish computer scientists, IBM employees, University of Copenhagen faculty, Technical University ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 5799. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-04761-9. ISBN 978-3-642-04760-2. "Anders ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 1486. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/BFb0055330. ISBN 978-3-540-65003-4. S2CID 42726018. ...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 11615: 71-90. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23703-5_4. ISBN ... "Model-Implemented Hybrid Fault Injection for Simulink (Tool Demonstrations)". Cyber Physical Systems. Model-Based Design. ... This kind of the DIY approach is also applicable to the qualifications of software, computer operating systems and a ... Some examples: Software and computer systems Food and Drug Pharmaceuticals The design, production, and distribution of drugs ...
The game is a hybrid of role-playing, strategy, and trading genres. It received mixed reviews. The game was followed by a ... Computer Gaming World approved of the game's graphics, but criticized the interface and gameplay as clumsy, needlessly ... Seacat, Douglas (June 1990). "Rings of Medusa". Computer Gaming World. No. 72. p. 43, 59. Retrieved 16 November 2013. "DIE Kult ...
Lin and his team which has more than 20 members is named DynaCHINA (Dynamic Consistent Hybrid Information based on Network ... These systems exploit currently available and emerging computer, communication, and control technologies to monitor, manage, ...
iGate (formerly Patni Computer Systems) has already announced that it will set up a Rs 150 crore ($US 32 million) development ... L&T has already announced its plans to set up a 35-acre (0.14 km2) hybrid IT-and-residential park as part of Technopark Phase ... engineering and computer-aided design software development, IT Enabled Services (ITES), process re-engineering, animation, and ...
Computer science was an emerging discipline in the late 1950s that began to consider time-sharing between computer users and, ... 5 (7). Papageorgiou, Chuck (1988-10-10). "Users cultivating hybrid methods to manage nets". Network World. IDG Network World ... A long-running debate in computer science known as the Protocol Wars occurred from the 1970s to the 1990s when engineers, ... Peter Kirstein wrote that European networks tended to be short-term projects with smaller numbers of computers and users. As a ...
This rivalry inspired the spin-off computer game Beanotown Racing, in which various characters from both comics could be raced ... becoming the fortnightly comic-magazine hybrid Dandy Xtreme, priced at £2.50. Unlike previous incarnations, Dandy characters ...
French computer-animated television series, Animated television series about teenagers, Animated television series about robots ... the series was originally going to be a CGI/live-action hybrid. https://pgsentertainment.com/franchises/ghost-force/ "Zag-inc ...
Ackerman, Dan (April 30, 2021). "Atari VCS hands-on: A computer-console hybrid with an identity crisis". CNET. Archived from ... The Atari VCS is a PC/Console Hybrid, and its performance can be compared to a "Linux gaming PC". The Atari VCS is driven by a ... The console in its current rendition functions as a sort of hybrid between a home video game console and a gaming PC, two ... The system shares a name with Atari, Inc.'s 1977 Video Computer System, usually shortened to VCS, which was renamed to the ...
If the computer has a Plug and Play BIOS, in addition, BIOS checks the RAM for I/O port addresses, interrupt lines and DMA ... As a 16-/32-bit hybrid, it requires support from MS-DOS to operate. Windows 95 boots using the following set of files: 32-bit ...
During the mid to late 90s, as computer technology became more accessible and music software advanced, interacting with music ... creating a hybrid of post-punk, funkadelia and electro-disco...a mesmerizing underground of new dance which blends European ... Other producers achieve similar results by using the automation features of computer-based digital audio workstations. Techno ... Studio production equipment is generally synchronized using a hardware- or computer-based MIDI sequencer, enabling the producer ...
The Windows 9x series of operating systems, reflecting their roots in DOS, functioned as hybrid 16- and 32-bit systems in the ... "PRB: Relocation of Ntvdm.exe Fails on Multiprocessor Computers". Support. Microsoft. November 21, 2006. Archived from the ...
NdFeB magnets are used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), electric vehicles (EVs), ... and computer hard disks where low mass, small volume, or strong magnetic fields are required. Neodymium is used in the electric ... Larger neodymium magnets are used in electric motors with a high power-to-weight ratio (e.g., in hybrid cars) and generators (e ... "Honda co-develops first hybrid car motor free of heavy rare earth metals". Reuters. 12 July 2016. "Honda's Heavy Rare Earth- ...
However, some systems adapt to the given channel error conditions: some instances of hybrid automatic repeat-request use a ... MIT Press Series in Computer Systems. Vol. 10 (1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA / London, UK: Massachusetts Institute of ...
... a computer hacker, prepares to commit suicide until he hears that a computer virus may be responsible for the collapse. They, ... Inkoo Kang of the Los Angeles Times called it "an unconvincing, poorly conceived hybrid of end-of-the-world thriller and ... Lev reveals that he was partially responsible for the computer virus; he was hired to construct a text message cell phone virus ... not knowing that Lily had playfully hacked into his computer, inadvertently releasing the virus' full source code into the wild ...
All Music had published biographies of 30,000 artists, 120,000 record reviews and 300 essays written by "a hybrid of historians ... He became interested in using computers for his astrological work in the mid-1970s and founded a software company, Matrix, in ...
Klein studied comparative literature and computer science at Harvard University. Before returning to graduate school, she ... "hybrid model for open-access texts to be published in both experimental online spaces and traditional print forms." In 2019, ... and postcolonial theory with computer learning to develop methodologies for performing research in bias-laden archives." She is ...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 10198. pp. 17-32. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55750-2_2. ISBN 978-3-319-55749-6. al-Rifaie, ... Alhakbani, Haya (2018). Handling Class Imbalance Using Swarm Intelligence Techniques, Hybrid Data and Algorithmic Level ... Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing. 11453: 69-83. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16667-0_5. ISBN 978-3 ... Proceedings of the 2014 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. Vol. 2. pp. 529-538. doi:10.15439/ ...
Electric and hybrid cars are unsuitable to cook with. Should you find any sources of heat and cover them with food, you risk a ... Car computers or other electronic parts could be destroyed by fat or fluids leaking from your food, leaving you with very ...
He was a computer expert who serves a similar function compared to Oracle upon being forced to join the League of Assassins. ... the Foot Clan in a plot to steal a Wayne Enterprises cloud seeder in a plot to affect Gotham City's population with a hybrid ... In "Control", the League of Assassins sends their half-human, half-computer agent Cypher to control Jason Burr in another ...
BYD was the first company in the world to launch a production plug-in hybrid; its F3DM in 2008 was two years ahead of the 2011 ... The modern era has been one of increasing standardization, platform sharing, and computer-aided design-to reduce costs and ... "Toyota Is Global Hybrid Leader With Sales Of 7 Million" (Press release). PR Newswire. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October ... Voelcker, John (29 January 2015). "2016 BYD Tang: Plug-In Hybrid SUV Is First Of Four To Come". Green Car Reports. Retrieved 17 ...
Computer Society of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016. Lips, A. M. B.; ... "Hybrid Welfare System - Indiana - IRP Poverty Dispatch". Retrieved 12 November 2021. "ombwatch.org". ombwatch.org. Archived ... When presented as the only option to access an essential service, those who do not have public access to computers and the ... Many e-government services are available to citizens with computers and Internet access 24 hours a day and seven days a week, ...
64-bit CPUs designed for warehouse-scale computers such as server farms based on RapidIO and Hybrid Memory Cube technologies. ... Patterson, David A.; Ditzel, David R. (October 1980). "The Case for the Reduced Instruction Set Computer". ACM SIGARCH Computer ... The researcher intended to reduce the code's binary size for small computers, especially embedded computer systems. The ... A small 32-bit computer for an embedded system might be RV32EC. A large 64-bit computer might be RV64GC; i.e., shorthand for ...
Players are pitted in matches that are either real-time player-vs-player battles or against a computer-controlled opponent ... Vincent, James (2015-06-11). "Angry Birds Fight is a hybrid monster of Candy Crush and RPG gaming". The Verge. Retrieved 2021- ...
Computer-related introductions in 1918, Digital electronics, Electronic engineering, Digital systems, Logic gates, Computer ... The J-K Flip-Flop Shirriff, Ken (August 2022). "Reverse-engineering a 1960s hybrid flip flop module with X-ray CT scans". (CS1 ... In a computer system, this metastability can cause corruption of data or a program crash if the state is not stable before ... The merge is commonly exploited in the design of pipelined computers, and, in fact, was originally developed by John G. Earle ...
The Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) over Ethernet and the Infiniband protocols may also be found implemented ... Newer SAN configurations enable hybrid SAN and allow traditional block storage that appears as local storage but also object ... A storage area network (SAN) or storage network is a computer network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data ... Any planned sharing of data on different computers within a LUN requires software. File systems have been developed to work ...
... Company web site Parallel NFS (Computer storage companies, Computer companies of the United States, Computer companies ... The hybrid ActiveStor Ultra has been a stalwart high performance mixed workload solution for traditional and enterprise HPC. It ... Panasas is a computer data storage product company and is headquartered in San Jose, California. Panasas received seed funding ... The ActiveStor product line is a parallel file system appliance that integrates hybrid storage hardware (hard drives and solid ...
Official website Computer monitoring with the Open Monitoring Distribution (Kelvin Vanderlip, 2012-03-01) Using the Open ... It is used for the monitoring of servers, applications, networks, cloud infrastructures (public, private, hybrid), containers, ...
"Taxonomy for Humans or Computers? Cognitive Pragmatics for Big Data." Sterner, Beckett, and Nico M. Franz. 2017. Biological ... and other concepts representing hybrids, color morphs and invalid or dubious forms. Nomenclature data. Each scientific name is ... "Taxonomy for Humans or Computers? Cognitive Pragmatics for Big Data", Biological Theory, 12 (2): 99-111, doi:10.1007/s13752-017 ...
She is escorted to the Shell 1 Core computer room by Raiden to download a virus into AI GW so that it will not be used by the ... Khamsin's body from the waist down is replaced with connectors to his mech suit, which wields a chainsaw/battle-axe hybrid ... By the time of Metal Gear Solid 4, she is a gifted computer programmer where it is heavily implied that her status as prodigy ... The person that they chose as the model was the man known then as the greatest living soldier in the world... Konami Computer ...
After a period of hybrid operation with specializations with study cycles of three, four and five years (1962-1967), the ... The West University of Timișoara also has a computer center located within the Faculty of Physics. UVT students are ... Mathematics and Computer Science; Music and Theater; Physical Education and Sports; Physics; Political Sciences, Philosophy and ... especially those taking astronomy courses at the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science. The Mansarda Gallery is located ...
Grimsley uses Brian and Danny to steal high-end computer chips, promising they'll be the best. The computer chips, when ... This time, the show follows a 16-year-old Tachyon-human hybrid named Maxwell "Max" McGrath and his alien "Ultralink" partner, ... American computer-animated television series, Canadian computer-animated television series, American children's animated ... Max Steel was the first computer-generated series to air on Kids' WB. A reboot series aired on Disney XD in 2013. However, ...
Download Computer Weekly. * In The Current Issue: *UK national semiconductor strategy needs to balance skills, migration and ... Datrium started as a company very much focused on NVMe flash storage, but is now making a big deal of hybrid cloud and sees ... Public, private, hybrid or consortium, each blockchain network has distinct pluses and minuses that largely drive its ideal ... Here, the firm is responding to a trend towards hybrid cloud and multicloud operations. Its core on-premise product is DVX, ...
Basically, cloud technologies enable separation of physical servers from the need for computer resources (processor resources, ... The private implementation model means the consuming of computer resources from own data center. The hybrid implementation ... The user of a cloud solution is provided with scalable computer resources with no need to keep account about details of ... Basic models of implementation of cloud solutions are public, private and hybrid cloud. In the public model, the user rents ...
The Hybrid 72 W x 24 D Computer Table Desk with Metal Legs presents a commercial quality workspace solution with style that ... Bush® Business Furniture Hybrid 72W x 24D Computer Table Desk With Metal Legs, Storm Gray, Standard Delivery. Item #. 5659476 ... The Hybrid 72W x 24D Computer Table Desk with Metal Legs presents a commercial-quality workspace solution with style that ... Computer Table Desk with Metal Legs presents a practical, long-lasting workspace for the modern professional. ...
Mechdyne Licenses CAVE2 Hybrid Reality Environment from the University of Illinois at Chicago - CGW explores how leading-edge ... Press Center News 2013 Mechdyne Licenses CAVE2 Hybrid Reality Environment from the University of Illinois at Chicago ... Mechdyne Licenses CAVE2 Hybrid Reality Environment from the University of Illinois at Chicago MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA - Mechdyne has ... Director of the EVL and Professor of Computer Science at University of Illinois at Chicago. "This enables our colleagues to ...
Global External Fixators Market by Fixation Type (Circular, Hybrid, Unilateral & Bilateral), Product Type (Computer-Aided ... External Fixators Market Research Report by Fixation Type (Circular, Hybrid, Unilateral & Bilateral), Product Type (Computer- ... Global External Fixators Market by Fixation Type (Circular, Hybrid, Unilateral & Bilateral), Product Type (Computer-Aided ... Based on Product Type, market is studied across Computer-Aided Fixators and Manual Fixators. The Computer-Aided Fixators is ...
... Part of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems ... We demonstrate the use of a digital signal processing board to construct hybrid networks consisting of computer model neurons ... the synapses made from the computer model neuron are integrated correctly by the postsynaptic biological neuron. This method ...
188 Mathematics and computer science Full time Jobs in Texas - Job search on Mendeley Careers. ... Full-Stack .NET Engineer / Hybrid / Dallas / NO C2C Published on 30 May 2023, Workbridge ... Remove ,span class=facetapi-facet-text,Mathematics and computer science,/span, filter Mathematics and computer science ... 188 Mathematics and computer science Full time Jobs in Texas. Get notified about similar jobs? ...
The power needs for extended all-electric operation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) require much more on-board ... is devising methods to improve the performance of next-generation computer networks. ... prompting inventions anywhere from faster computers to lighter long-range planes. ...
Hybrid Microcircuits Reach Peak Production Volumes. Multi-chip SLT packaging technology developed for the IBM System/360 ... Computer Aided Design Tools Developed for ICs. IBM engineers pioneer computer-aided electronic design automation tools for ... Transistorized Computers Emerge. A transistorized computer prototype demonstrates the small size and low-power advantages of ... Mainframe Computers Employ ICs. Large computer manufacturers announce machines based on custom and special purpose integrated ...
... botnet-infected computers are behind the majority of click-fraud attacks against advertisers and publishers.For the third ... quarter this year, about 43 percent of all fraudulent clicks came from computers within botnets. The figure is the highest in ... Securing Your Move to the Hybrid Cloud. August 1, 2022. * Why Physical Security Maintenance Should Never Be an Afterthought. ... For the third quarter this year, about 43 percent of all fraudulent clicks came from computers within botnets. The figure. is ...
Hybrid systems [**]. *C.2 COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS *C.2.0 General *Data communications ... C.5 COMPUTER SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION *C.5.0 General. *C.5.1 Large and Medium (``Mainframe) Computers *Super (very large) ... I.4 IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION *I.4.0 General *Image displays ... ACM recognizes excellence through its eminent awards for technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer ...
Computer Jobs specialize in IT Jobs in Ireland. Computer Jobs has thousands of both IT permanent and IT contract positions ... Firewall Engineer - Cork - Hybrid. Details/Apply *Company: FRS Recruitment. *Salary: 81089.62 - 115842.31 pa ... Computer Jobs hosts the best selection of IT jobs and Computer jobs in Ireland. Find your next Computer Manager / IT job here. ...
Hybrid Systems;. Frequency Domain & Response;. Filtering;. Transforms;. Filter Design; etc…" For more information see. EECS20N ... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering or the. Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science ... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering or the. Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science ... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering or the. Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science ...
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We Learn: Basic Computer Skills CLP - Hill District 2177 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh ... Hybrid Event We Learn learning circles are volunteer-facilitated peer learning groups. Learning circles meet in person but use ... Hybrid Event We Learn learning circles are volunteer-facilitated peer learning groups. Learning circles meet in person but use ... Learning circles meet in person but use a hybrid model with online learning materials. Please click the register button to ...
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Yusuf Priyo Anggodo Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. Keywords: FIS, Detection, Hybrid, ... Dental Disease Detection Using Hybrid Fuzzy Logic and Evolution Strategies Authors. * Andi Maulidinnawati Abdul Kadir Parewe ... Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. * Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy Faculty of Computer Science, ... C.-F. Huang, C.-H. Chang, B. R. Chang, and D.-W. Cheng, "A study of a hybrid evolutionary fuzzy model for stock selection," ...
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Location: Hybrid, Gates 259. Zoom Link. Abstract:. The security and architecture communities will remember the past five years ... Daniel has a PhD in Computer Science from the Technion Israels Institute of Technology and was a Postdoctoral fellow at the ... namely the inadequacy of existing security abstractions in capturing the complexity of modern computer systems.. In this talk, ...
  • Datrium started as a company very much focused on NVMe flash storage , but is now making a big deal of hybrid cloud and sees itself as a broad data platform. (computerweekly.com)
  • Here, the firm is responding to a trend towards hybrid cloud and multicloud operations. (computerweekly.com)
  • Basically, cloud technologies enable separation of physical servers from the need for computer resources (processor resources, operating memory, disk space, network). (cs.hr)
  • The user of a cloud solution is provided with scalable computer resources with no need to keep account about details of physical servers, design of network and data storage system. (cs.hr)
  • Basic models of implementation of cloud solutions are public, private and hybrid cloud. (cs.hr)
  • The hybrid implementation model is a mixture of the public and the private model, as some resources available to the user are from a private cloud solution and the other part from the public cloud solution. (cs.hr)
  • Design and implementation of a hybrid cloud solution. (cs.hr)
  • With Mechdyne as an integrator of the CAVE2 design, we can point our collaborators who are interested in incorporating the CAVE2 technology to Mechdyne," said Jason Leigh, Ph.D., Director of the EVL and Professor of Computer Science at University of Illinois at Chicago. (cgw.com)
  • ACM recognizes excellence through its eminent awards for technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology. (acm.org)
  • Daniel has a PhD in Computer Science from the Technion Israel's Institute of Technology and was a Postdoctoral fellow at the University of Pennsylvania and University of Maryland. (stanford.edu)
  • Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science, Information Management, Information Technology, Mathematics, Statistics or other related field or equivalent work experience. (dice.com)
  • Fundamental research in chemistry has laid the foundations for the discovery and design of new materials with fascinating magnetic, electrical and optical properties, prompting inventions anywhere from faster computers to lighter long-range planes. (osc.edu)
  • In the public model, the user rents computer resources from a publicly available service provider. (cs.hr)
  • The private implementation model means the consuming of computer resources from own data center. (cs.hr)
  • We demonstrate the use of a digital signal processing board to construct hybrid networks consisting of computer model neurons connected to a biological neural network. (neurips.cc)
  • the synapses made from the computer model neuron are integrated correctly by the postsynaptic biological neuron. (neurips.cc)
  • Learning circles meet in person but use a hybrid model with online learning materials. (carnegielibrary.org)
  • ADH-PPI: An attention-based deep hybrid model for protein-protein interaction prediction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: We classified recent works in deriving a pseudo-CT from MR images into four classes: segmentation-based, intensity-based, atlas-based and hybrid methods and the classification was based on considering the general technique applied. (bvsalud.org)
  • All of our teams, irrespective of the operating systems that they were using, instantly started using these products to enable remote/hybrid working. (cisco.com)
  • Making things worse, the rise of side channels points to a much larger problem, namely the inadequacy of existing security abstractions in capturing the complexity of modern computer systems. (stanford.edu)
  • The role of computer-assisted systems for upper-endoscopy quality monitoring and assessment of gastric lesions. (cdc.gov)
  • According to new data from ClickForensics, botnet-infected computers are behind the majority of click-fraud attacks against advertisers and publishers.For the third quarter this year, about 43 percent of all fraudulent clicks came from computers within botnets. (threatpost.com)
  • According to new data from ClickForensics, botnet-infected computers are behind the majority of click-fraud attacks against advertisers and publishers. (threatpost.com)
  • Designed for hybrid work. (microsoft.com)
  • Users with laptops or other video screens gain essential hybrid work capabilities. (cisco.com)
  • With Cisco's hybrid work solutions, we can give everyone the peace of mind that they don't have to physically be in office to get their job done. (cisco.com)
  • Also, with Cisco's hybrid work solutions we can cultivate and foster an environment where we can easily manage our remote work force and grow that work force knowing that it is stable and scalable. (cisco.com)
  • We loved how seamless the process was to start using Cisco's hybrid work products like Cisco Anyconnect was. (cisco.com)
  • Liberating the worker from the office has increased employee satisfaction in our organisation (we conducted surveys before and after our remote/hybrid work initiative was rolled out), which in turn increases talent retention and is a good story for our organisation to tell in terms of talent recruitment. (cisco.com)
  • Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on Product Type, market is studied across Computer-Aided Fixators and Manual Fixators. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • In this paper, we propose a new type of threshold proxy signature scheme: hybrid threshold proxy signature (HTPS), in which a signature is cooperatively generated by the partial original signers themselves and the proxy signers on behalf of their own original signer in threshold proxy way. (atlantis-press.com)
  • A computerized health management informa- union health centres had internet connections instal ed and laptop tion system provides tailored health services to stakeholder s4 and computers provided by the Directorate General of Health Services. (who.int)
  • World Health Organization (WHO), hybrids derived from a fusion of GS, editors. (cdc.gov)
  • A multi-channel hybrid MAC protocol for wireless Mesh networks. (napier.ac.uk)
  • MARSHALLTOWN, IOWA - Mechdyne has licensed the CAVE2 hybrid reality environment developed by the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at University of Illinois at Chicago. (cgw.com)
  • Ohio State University researchers recently discovered potential keys to mass producing a specific pattern of graphite in a layer just one atom thick, signaling a breakthrough that could lead to "graphene" challenging silicon as the preferred material for manufacturing faster, more efficient computer chips. (osc.edu)
  • Connect, collaborate and create from anywhere in the world with hybrid workforce solutions from Cisco. (cisco.com)
  • The Hybrid 72'W x 24'D Computer Table Desk with Metal Legs presents a commercial-quality workspace solution with style that appeals to the modern professional. (officedepot.com)
  • Computer Table Desk with Metal Legs presents a practical, long-lasting workspace for the modern professional. (officedepot.com)
  • Complete your office with a coordinating Hybrid File Cabinet, Storage Cabinet and Bookcase (sold separately). (officedepot.com)
  • Computer Jobs hosts the best selection of IT jobs and Computer jobs in Ireland. (computerjobs.ie)
  • Synchronous modalities include real-time telephone or live audio-video interaction, typically with a patient using a smartphone, tablet, or a computer. (cdc.gov)
  • The invention relates to a combination hybrid computer tomography (CT) system that is particularly suited for elucidating stages in pulmonary diseases, notably cystic fibrosis and lung cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (nih.gov)
  • The present invention discloses a memory system having a hybrid density memory. (patents.com)
  • The Laboratory Instrument Computer (LINC), developed at MIT in 1963 by Wesley A. Clark and Dr. Charles E. Molnar, was revolutionary not for its circuitry, but for its new data storage medium: small, portable data tapes, allowing each user to have a personal record of their data and programs. (nih.gov)
  • Machine-learning tools can analyze the data from the infrared-optical hybrid microscope to create digital versions of standard dyes, left, or to identify tissue types based on their chemical composition, right. (nih.gov)
  • To improve the data input/output performance of a disk array with a hybrid configuration of flash memory and HDDs. (patents.com)
  • This hybrid system improves the accuracy and speed at which users can type words using BCI technology. (nih.gov)
  • Many of the scientists had no prior training in computer programming or circuitry, but all learned enough over the course of a month to assemble the machines in their labs and operate them without help. (nih.gov)
  • Scientists used a brain-computer interface to show how the activity of just a few brain cells can control the display of pictures on a computer screen. (nih.gov)
  • A team of scientists led by Dr. Itzhak Fried at the University of California, Los Angeles, used a brain-computer interface to investigate whether you can consciously control computer images by changing the activity of your brain cells. (nih.gov)
  • Computer Technology Associates, Inc. (nih.gov)
  • The computer program combines the white light and infrared signals that bounce off the biopsy sample under the microscope. (nih.gov)
  • The program was developed by Richard Morris, Ph.D., and Clarice Weinberg, Ph.D. The Hybrid_Design log-linear model is described in Weinberg CR, Umbach DM. (nih.gov)
  • A typical LINC configuration included the computer and a rack holding the tape drive, a small Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display, a control panel, and a keyboard. (nih.gov)
  • We built the hybrid microscope with commercially available components," explained Bhargava. (nih.gov)
  • How can effective remote and hybrid teams be built and maintained? (nih.gov)
  • The team is also exploring use of the hybrid microscope for additional biomedical applications such as forensics and polymer science. (nih.gov)
  • A hybrid design for studying genetic influences on risk of diseases with early onset in life. (nih.gov)
  • Solutions for Cancer (JDACS4C), was designed as bi-directional and iterative, ultimately aimed at developing advanced computational solutions for specific areas in cancer research, accelerating hypothesis generation, developing new biological insight and informing the design of next generation high performance computers in an active learning process. (nih.gov)
  • We show that this pathogen is a hybrid organism that evolved by the hybridization of the genomes from 2 distinct and independent populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Over 50,000 units of the PDP-8 mini-computer were eventually sold, the last in 1979, fourteen years after the launch of the series. (nih.gov)
  • OBSSR prepared a summary of some of the current behavioral and social science evidence about two types of workplace flexibilities: hybrid (a mix of employees working in the office and from other locations) and remote (all employees working from other locations) work. (nih.gov)
  • How might leadership skills be cultivated across employee types and work statuses, and what factors might leaders need to consider when leading across mixed status (i.e., remote, in-person, and hybrid) teams? (nih.gov)
  • The team is using machine learning, a type of AI, to process the signals from the hybrid microscope to create unique images of cancer samples that carry much more information than a standard pathology stain. (nih.gov)
  • This machine is the direct ancestor of all personal computers. (nih.gov)
  • Several approaches provide similar output based on statistics (Church 1988, Zhai 1997, for example), a finite-state machine (Ait-Mokhtar and Chanod 1997), or a hybrid approach combining statistics and linguistic rules (Voutilainen and Padro 1997). (nih.gov)
  • Other studies have shown that subjects can control the movement of a cursor on a computer screen using thought alone, but the task in this study was much more complex. (nih.gov)
  • The code includes a file that allows computer output checks. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers have been making great progress in developing brain-computer interfaces-devices that let a person's thoughts guide the actions of a computer. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Investigating Ensemble Learning and Classifier Generalization in a Hybrid, Passive Brain-Computer Interface for Assessing Cognitive Workload. (nih.gov)
  • In this paper, we added MeSH descriptors to the bag-of-words assumption to generate 'hybrid topics', which are mixed vectors of words and descriptors. (nih.gov)
  • Our results demonstrated that the coherence of 'hybrid topics' is higher than that of regular bag-of-words topics in the specialized corpus. (nih.gov)
  • The PDP-1 was sold, rather than leased, to users who were encouraged to modify the computer to best suit their needs. (nih.gov)