Computers. Medical search

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The attitude and behavior associated with an individual using the computer.

Various units or machines that operate in combination or in conjunction with a computer but are not physically part of it. Peripheral devices typically display computer data, store data from the computer and return the data to the computer on demand, prepare data for human use, or acquire data from a source and convert it to a form usable by a computer. (Computer Dictionary, 4th ed.)

Familiarity and comfort in using computers efficiently.

Systems composed of a computer or computers, peripheral equipment, such as disks, printers, and terminals, and telecommunications capabilities.

A type of MICROCOMPUTER, sometimes called a personal digital assistant, that is very small and portable and fitting in a hand. They are convenient to use in clinical and other field situations for quick data management. They usually require docking with MICROCOMPUTERS for updates.

Process of teaching a person to interact and communicate with a computer.

Input/output devices designed to receive data in an environment associated with the job to be performed, and capable of transmitting entries to, and obtaining output from, the system of which it is a part. (Computer Dictionary, 4th ed.)

Computers in which quantities are represented by physical variables; problem parameters are translated into equivalent mechanical or electrical circuits as an analog for the physical phenomenon being investigated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.

A system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.

Small computers that lack the speed, memory capacity, and instructional capability of the full-size computer but usually retain its programmable flexibility. They are larger, faster, and more flexible, powerful, and expensive than microcomputers.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information.

Computers whose input, output and state transitions are carried out by biochemical interactions and reactions.

Data processing largely performed by automatic means.

The visual display of data in a man-machine system. An example is when data is called from the computer and transmitted to a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY or LIQUID CRYSTAL display.

Text editing and storage functions using computer software.

Computer-based systems for input, storage, display, retrieval, and printing of information contained in a patient's medical record.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A form of interactive entertainment in which the player controls electronically generated images that appear on a video display screen. This includes video games played in the home on special machines or home computers, and those played in arcades.

Computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)

A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.

Computer systems utilized as adjuncts in the treatment of disease.

The science of designing, building or equipping mechanical devices or artificial environments to the anthropometric, physiological, or psychological requirements of the people who will use them.

Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.

Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.

Use of computers or computer systems for doing routine clerical work, e.g., billing, records pertaining to the administration of the office, etc.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Devices capable of receiving data, retaining data for an indefinite or finite period of time, and supplying data upon demand.

Systems where the input data enter the computer directly from the point of origin (usually a terminal or workstation) and/or in which output data are transmitted directly to that terminal point of origin. (Sippl, Computer Dictionary, 4th ed)

Integrated, computer-assisted systems designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information concerned with the administrative and clinical aspects of providing medical services within the hospital.

The use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Materials, frequently computer applications, that combine some or all of text, sound, graphics, animation, and video into integrated packages. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.

The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

Automated systems applied to the patient care process including diagnosis, therapy, and systems of communicating medical data within the health care setting.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Specifications and instructions applied to the software.

Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of ambulatory care services and facilities.

Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.

The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of medical data through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Equipment that provides mentally or physically disabled persons with a means of communication. The aids include display boards, typewriters, cathode ray tubes, computers, and speech synthesizers. The output of such aids includes written words, artificial speech, language signs, Morse code, and pictures.

A system in which the functions of the man and the machine are interrelated and necessary for the operation of the system.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.

Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or illnesses.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Computer-assisted analysis and processing of problems in a particular area.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The study of the structure of various TISSUES of organisms on a microscopic level.

Controlled operation of an apparatus, process, or system by mechanical or electronic devices that take the place of human organs of observation, effort, and decision. (From Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1993)

Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Computer-based information systems used to integrate clinical and patient information and provide support for decision-making in patient care.

Instrumentation consisting of hardware and software that communicates with the BRAIN. The hardware component of the interface records brain signals, while the software component analyzes the signals and converts them into a command that controls a device or sends a feedback signal to the brain.

The storing or preserving of video signals for television to be played back later via a transmitter or receiver. Recordings may be made on magnetic tape or discs (VIDEODISC RECORDING).

An optical disk storage system for computers on which data can be read or from which data can be retrieved but not entered or modified. A CD-ROM unit is almost identical to the compact disk playback device for home use.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.

Precise procedural mathematical and logical operations utilized in the study of medical information pertaining to health care.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.

The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.

Specific languages used to prepare computer programs.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses.

Term generally used to describe complaints related to refractive error, ocular muscle imbalance, including pain or aching around the eyes, burning and itchiness of the eyelids, ocular fatigue, and headaches.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

Systematic identification, development, organization, or utilization of educational resources and the management of these processes. It is occasionally used also in a more limited sense to describe the use of equipment-oriented techniques or audiovisual aids in educational settings. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, December 1993, p132)

Transmission of information over distances via electronic means.

Systematic organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of specialized information, especially of a scientific or technical nature (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983). It often involves authenticating or validating information.

Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.

Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Laboratory and other services provided to patients at the bedside. These include diagnostic and laboratory testing using automated information entry.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.

Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Auditory and visual instructional materials.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Organized services to provide information on any questions an individual might have using databases and other sources. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Delivery of health services via remote telecommunications. This includes interactive consultative and diagnostic services.

Major administrative divisions of the hospital.

The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)

The position or attitude of the body.

Individuals enrolled in a school of medicine or a formal educational program in medicine.

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.

The electronic transmission of radiological images from one location to another for the purposes of interpretation and/or consultation. Users in different locations may simultaneously view images with greater access to secondary consultations and improved continuing education. (From American College of Radiology, ACR Standard for Teleradiology, 1994, p3)

The organization and operation of the business aspects of a dental practice.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.

A specialty concerned with the use of x-ray and other forms of radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Organized collections of computer records, standardized in format and content, that are stored in any of a variety of computer-readable modes. They are the basic sets of data from which computer-readable files are created. (from ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.

The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.

General or unspecified injuries involving the arm.

Description of pattern of recurrent functions or procedures frequently found in organizational processes, such as notification, decision, and action.

The study, control, and application of the conduction of ELECTRICITY through gases or vacuum, or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The period of medical education in a medical school. In the United States it follows the baccalaureate degree and precedes the granting of the M.D.

Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.

Analog or digital communications device in which the user has a wireless connection from a telephone to a nearby transmitter. It is termed cellular because the service area is divided into multiple "cells." As the user moves from one cell area to another, the call is transferred to the local transmitter.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The act of testing the software for compliance with a standard.

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

Individuals licensed to practice medicine.

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.

Systems used to prompt or aid the memory. The systems can be computerized reminders, color coding, telephone calls, or devices such as letters and postcards.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)

The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.

Hospital department which administers and provides pathology services.

The research and development of ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES for such medical applications as diagnosis, therapy, research, anesthesia control, cardiac control, and surgery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Software designed to store, manipulate, manage, and control data for specific uses.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The field of knowledge, theory, and technology dealing with the collection of facts and figures, and the processes and methods involved in their manipulation, storage, dissemination, publication, and retrieval. It includes the fields of COMMUNICATION; PUBLISHING; LIBRARY SCIENCE; and informatics.

Part of the body in humans and primates where the arms connect to the trunk. The shoulder has five joints; ACROMIOCLAVICULAR joint, CORACOCLAVICULAR joint, GLENOHUMERAL joint, scapulathoracic joint, and STERNOCLAVICULAR joint.

A management function in which standards and guidelines are developed for the development, maintenance, and handling of forms and records.

Usual level of physical activity that is less than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on most days of the week.

Processes that incorporate some element of randomness, used particularly to refer to a time series of random variables.

A specialty concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

The educational process of instructing.

The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.

Data recorded by nurses concerning the nursing care given to the patient, including judgment of the patient's progress.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative and clinical activities associated with the provision and utilization of clinical laboratory services.

The commitment in writing, as authentic evidence, of something having legal importance. The concept includes certificates of birth, death, etc., as well as hospital, medical, and other institutional records.

Communications networks connecting various hardware devices together within or between buildings by means of a continuous cable or voice data telephone system.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of dye into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Computer-assisted interpretation and analysis of various mathematical functions related to a particular problem.

The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

The total amount of work to be performed by an individual, a department, or other group of workers in a period of time.

A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.

Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.

The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.

Ventricular pressure-volume curve indices change with end-diastolic pressure. (1/3102)

Many indices have been proposed to describee the diastolic pressure-volume curve mathematically and permit quantification of the elastic properties of the myocardium itself in hopes that changes in the muscle caused by disease would b.e reflected in the diastolic pressure-volume curve. To date, none of the proposed indices has been shown convincingly to discriminate one group of patients from another. While this situation in part arises from the relatively large amount of noise introduced by the technical difficulties of measuring synchronous pressures and volumes during diastole in man, ther is a more fundamental difficulty. In practice, one can measure only a short segment of the entire pressure-volume curve, and the values of all diastolic pressure-volume curve parameters investigated change significantly when one uses different segments of the same pressure-volume curve to compute them. These results were derived from relatively noise-free pressure-volume curves obtained by filling nine excised dog left ventricles at a known rate and monitoring pressure-volume curve used to compute the parameter. Merely increasing measurement fidelity will not resolve this problem, because none of these parameters accurately characterizes the entire diastolic pressure-volume curbe from a segment like that which one can reasonably expect to obtain from humans. (+info)

Evaluation of the force-frequency relationship as a descriptor of the inotropic state of canine left ventricular myocardium. (2/3102)

The short-term force-frequency characteristics of canine left ventricular myocardium were examined in both isolated and intact preparations by briefly pertubing the frequency of contraction with early extrasystoles. The maximum rate of rise of isometric tension (Fmas) of the isolated trabeculae carneae was potentiated by the introduction of extrasystoles. The ratio of Fmas of potentiated to control beats (force-frequency ratio) was not altered significantly by a change in muscle length. However, exposure of the trabeculae to isoproterenol (10(-7)M) significantly changed the force-frequency ratio obtained in response to a constant frequency perturbation. Similar experiments were performed on chronically instrumented conscious dogs. Left ventricular minor axis diameter was measured with implanted pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers, and intracavitary pressure was measured with a high fidelity micromanometer. Atrial pacing was performed so that the end-diastolic diameters of the beats preceding and following the extrasystole could be made identical. Large increases in the maximum rate of rise of pressure (Pmas) were seen in the contraction after the extrasystole. The ratio of Pmax of the potentiated beat to that of the control beat was not changed by a 9% increase in the end-diastolic diameter, produced by saline infusion. Conversely, isoproterenol significantly altered this relationship in the same manner as in the isolated muscle. Thus, either in vitro or in situ, left ventricular myocardium exhibits large functional changes in response to brief perturbations in rate. The isoproterenol and length data indicate that the force-frequency ratio reflects frequency-dependent changes in the inotropic state, independent of changes in length. (+info)

Subunit dissociation in fish hemoglobins. (3/3102)

The tetramer-dimer dissociation equilibria (K 4,2) of several fish hemoglobins have been examined by sedimentation velocity measurements with a scanner-computer system for the ultracentrifuge and by flash photolysis measurements using rapid kinetic methods. Samples studied in detail included hemoglobins from a marine teleost, Brevoortia tyrannus (common name, menhaden); a fresh water teleost, Cyprinus carpio, (common name, carp); and an elasmobranch Prionace glauca (common name, blue shark). For all three species in the CO form at pH 7, in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, sedimentation coefficients of 4.3 S (typical of tetrameric hemoglobin) are observed in the micromolar concentration range. In contrast, mammalian hemoglobins dissociate appreciably to dimers under these conditions. The inability to detect dissociation in three fish hemoglobins at the lowest concentrations examined indicates that K 4,2 must have a value of 10(-8) M or less. In flash photolysis experiments on very dilute solutions in long path length cells, two kinetic components were detected with their proportions varying as expected for an equilibrium between tetramers (the slower component) and dimers (the faster component); values of K 4,2 for the three fish hemoglobins in the range 10(-9) to 10(-8) M were calculated from these data. Thus, the values of K 4,2 for liganded forms of the fish hemoglobins appear to be midway between the value for liganded human hemoglobin (K 4,2 approximately 10(-6) M) and unliganded human hemoglobin (K 4,2 approximately 10(-12) M). This conclusion is supported by measurements on solutions containing guanidine hydrochloride to enhance the degree of dissociation. All three fish hemoglobins are appreciably dissociated at guanidine concentrations of about 0.8 M, which is roughly midway between the guanidine concentrations needed to cause comparable dissociation of liganded human hemoglobin (about 0.4 M) and unliganded human hemoglobin (about 1.6 M). Kinetic measurements on solutions containing guanidine hydrochloride indicated that there are changes in both the absolute rates and the proportions of the fast and slow components, which along with other factors complicated the analysis of the data in terms of dissociation constants. Measurements were also made in solutions containing urea to promote dissociation, but with this agent very high concentrations (about 6 M) were required to give measureable dissociation and the fish hemoglobins were unstable under these conditions, with appreciable loss of absorbance spectra in both the sedimentation and kinetic experiments. (+info)

Using computerized video time lapse for quantifying cell death of X-irradiated rat embryo cells transfected with c-myc or c-Ha-ras. (4/3102)

Rat embryo fibroblasts that had been transfected with the c-myc or c-Ha-ras oncogene were X-irradiated, after which individual cells and their progeny were followed in multiple fields for 5-6 days by computerized video time lapse microscopy to quantify the lethal events that resulted in loss of clonogenic survival. The loss of clonogenic survival of X-irradiated (9.5 or 2.5 Gy) REC:myc cells was attributed almost entirely to the cells dying by apoptosis, with almost all of the apoptosis occurring after the progeny had divided from one to four times. In contrast, the loss of clonogenic survival of X-irradiated REC:ras cells was attributed to two processes. After 9.5 Gy, approximately approximately 60% of the nonclonogenic cells died by apoptosis (with a very small amount of necrosis), and the other 40% underwent a senescent-type process in which some of the cells and their progeny stopped dividing but remained as viable cells throughout 140 h of observation. Both processes usually occurred after the cells had divided and continued to occur in the cells' progeny for up to five divisions after irradiation. Furthermore, the duration of the apoptotic process was shorter for REC:myc cells (0.5-1 h) than for REC:ras cells (4-5 h). By using computerized video time lapse to follow individual cells, we were able to determine the mode of cell death. This cannot be determined by conventional clonogenic survival experiments. Also, only by following the individual cells and their progeny can the true amount of apoptosis be determined. The cumulative percentage of apoptosis scored in whole populations, without distinguishing between the progeny of individually irradiated cells, does not reflect the true amount of apoptosis that occurs in cells that undergo postmitotic apoptosis after irradiation. Scoring cell death in whole populations of cells gives erroneous results because both clonogenic and nonclonogenic cells are dividing as nonclonogenic cells are apoptosing or senescing over a period of many days. For example, after 9.5 Gy, which causes reproductive cell death in 99% of both types of cells, the cumulative percentage of the cells scored as dead in the whole population at 60- 80 h after irradiation, when the maximum amount of cumulative apoptosis occurred, was approximately 60% for REC:myc cells, compared with only approximately 40% for REC:ras cells. (+info)

Model studies of chromatin structure based on X-ray diffraction data. (5/3102)

Model calculations are presented in order to interpret the X-ray diffraction diagrams given by chromatin gels. It is shown that by taking into account the hydration of chromatin subunits, the problem of calculating the interference function in concentrated gels is greatly simplified. In this way it is spossible to fully interpret the influence of concentration on the position and intensity of the various rings present in the X-ray diffraction patterns. The possibilities and limitations of models based on spherical symmetry are also discussed. It is concluded that each chromatin subunit most likely contains three turns of DNA in each 200 base pairs segment surrounding a central protein core. With the method presented here it is possible to test if other models of chromatin based on different kinds of evidence are compatible with the X-ray diffraction data. (+info)

Automated collection of quality-of-life data: a comparison of paper and computer touch-screen questionnaires. (6/3102)

PURPOSE: To evaluate alternative automated methods of collecting data on quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. After initial evaluation of a range of technologies, we compared computer touch-screen questionnaires with paper questionnaires scanned by optical reading systems in terms of patients' acceptance, data quality, and reliability. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a randomized cross-over trial, 149 cancer patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30, version 2.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) on paper and on a touch screen. In a further test-retest study, 81 patients completed the electronic version of the questionnaires twice, with a time interval of 3 hours between questionnaires. RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of the patients preferred the touch screen to paper; 24% had no preference. The quality of the data collected with the touch-screen system was good, with no missed responses. At the group level, the differences between scores obtained with the two modes of administration of the instruments were small, suggesting equivalence for most of the QOL scales, with the possible exception of the emotional, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting scales and the appetite item, where patients tended to give more positive responses on the touch screen. At the individual patient level, the agreement was good, with a kappa coefficient from 0.57 to 0.77 and percent global agreement from 61% to 97%. The electronic questionnaire had good test-retest reliability, with correlation coefficients between the two administrations from 0.78 to 0.95, kappa coefficients of agreement from 0.55 to 0.90, and percent global agreement from 56% to 100%. CONCLUSION: Computer touch-screen QOL questionnaires were well accepted by cancer patients, with good data quality and reliability. (+info)

Binding conformers searching method for ligands according to the structures of their receptors and its application to thrombin inhibitors. (7/3102)

AIM: To develop a method of finding binding conformers for ligands according to the three-dimensional structures of their receptors. METHODS: Combining the systematic search method of ligand with the molecular docking approach of ligand fitting into its receptor, we developed a binding conformer searching method for ligands. RESULTS: The binding conformers of phosphonopeptidyl thrombin inhibitors were recognized. The binding (interaction) energies between these inhibitors and thrombin were calculated with molecular mechanical method. CONCLUSION: Both of the total binding energies and steric binding energies have good correlations with the inhibitory activities of these thrombin inhibitors, demonstrating that our approach is reasonable. It can also be used to explain the inhibition mechanism of thrombin interacting with these inhibitors. (+info)

Computer method for predicting the secondary structure of single-stranded RNA. (8/3102)

We present a computer method utilizing published values for base pairing energies to compute the most energetically favorable secondary structure of an RNA from its primary nucleotide sequence. After listing all possible double-helical regions, every pair of mutally incompatible regions (whose nucleotides overlap) is examined to determine whether parts of those two regions can be combined by branch migration to form a pair of compatible new subregions which together are more stable than either of the original regions separately. These subregions are added to the list of base pairing regions which will compete to form the best overall structure. Then, a 'hyperstructure matrix' is generated, containing the unique topological relationship between every pair of regions. We have shown that the best structure can be chosen directly from this matrix, without the necessity of creating and examing every possible secondary structure. We have included the results from our solution of the 5S rRNA of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans as an example of our program's capabilities. (+info)

The term "cumulative" refers to the gradual buildup of damage over time, as opposed to a single traumatic event that causes immediate harm. The damage can result from repetitive motions, vibrations, compressive forces, or other forms of stress that accumulate and lead to tissue injury and inflammation.

Some common examples of CTDs include:

1. Carpal tunnel syndrome: A condition that affects the wrist and hand, caused by repetitive motion and compression of the median nerve.
2. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, often caused by repetitive motion or overuse.
3. Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions joints and reduces friction between tissues.
4. Tennis elbow: A condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the elbow, caused by repetitive gripping or twisting motions.
5. Plantar fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, caused by repetitive strain and overuse.
6. Repetitive stress injuries: A broad category of injuries caused by repetitive motion, such as typing or using a computer mouse.
7. Occupational asthma: A condition caused by inhaling allergens or irritants in the workplace, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
8. Hearing loss: Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve caused by exposure to loud noises over time.
9. Vibration white finger: A condition that affects the hands, causing whiteness or loss of blood flow in the fingers due to exposure to vibrating tools.
10. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm.

It's important to note that these conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, ability to work, and overall well-being. If you are experiencing any of these conditions, it is important to seek medical attention to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage and bone in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
3. Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
4. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, which can cause pain and stiffness in the affected area.
5. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
6. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.
7. Sprains and strains: Injuries to the ligaments or muscles, often caused by sudden twisting or overstretching.
8. Back pain: Pain in the back that can be caused by a variety of factors, such as muscle strain, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis.
9. Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures.
10. Clubfoot: A congenital deformity in which the foot is turned inward and downward.

These are just a few examples of musculoskeletal diseases, and there are many more conditions that can affect the muscles, bones, and joints. Treatment options for these conditions can range from conservative methods such as physical therapy and medication to surgical interventions. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent or severe symptoms in your musculoskeletal system.

The shoulder is a complex joint that consists of several bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments, which work together to provide a wide range of motion and stability. Any disruption in this delicate balance can cause pain and dysfunction.

Some common causes of shoulder pain include:

1. Rotator cuff injuries: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, providing stability and mobility. Injuries to the rotator cuff can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder.
2. Bursitis: Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the joints and reduce friction between the bones, muscles, and tendons. Inflammation of the bursae (bursitis) can cause pain and swelling in the shoulder.
3. Tendinitis: Tendinitis is inflammation of the tendons, which connect the muscles to the bones. Tendinitis in the shoulder can cause pain and stiffness.
4. Dislocations: A dislocation occurs when the ball of the humerus (upper arm bone) is forced out of the shoulder socket. This can cause severe pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
5. Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition that affects the joints, including the shoulder. It can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
6. Frozen shoulder: Also known as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder is a condition where the connective tissue in the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and scarred, leading to pain and stiffness.
7. Labral tears: The labrum is a cartilage ring that surrounds the shoulder socket, providing stability and support. Tears to the labrum can cause pain and instability in the shoulder.
8. Fractures: Fractures of the humerus, clavicle, or scapula (shoulder blade) can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
9. Rotator cuff tears: The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that provide stability and support to the shoulder joint. Tears to the rotator cuff can cause pain and weakness in the shoulder.
10. Impingement syndrome: Impingement syndrome occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff become pinched or compressed as they pass through the shoulder joint, leading to pain and inflammation.

These are just a few examples of common shoulder injuries and conditions. If you're experiencing shoulder pain or stiffness, it's important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Asthenopia is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those who spend long hours working on computers, reading, or engaging in other visually demanding activities. It can also be triggered by other factors such as poor lighting, incorrect posture, and eye conditions like myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness).

While asthenopia is usually a temporary condition that resolves on its own after resting the eyes, it can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious underlying eye condition. Therefore, if you experience persistent or severe symptoms of asthenopia, it's important to consult an eye care professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

Treatment options for asthenopia may include taking regular breaks to rest the eyes, adjusting lighting conditions, using artificial tears to lubricate dry eyes, and making changes to your workspace or reading habits to reduce visual strain. In some cases, prescription eyewear or vision therapy may be necessary to address underlying eye conditions that contribute to asthenopia.

1. Asbestosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a nerve disorder caused by repetitive motion and pressure on the wrist.
3. Mesothelioma: a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.
4. Pneumoconiosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling dust from mining or other heavy industries.
5. Repetitive strain injuries: injuries caused by repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools.
6. Skin conditions: such as skin irritation and dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals or other substances in the workplace.
7. Hearing loss: caused by loud noises in the workplace.
8. Back injuries: caused by lifting, bending, or twisting.
9. Respiratory problems: such as asthma and other breathing difficulties caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in the workplace.
10. Cancer: caused by exposure to carcinogens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or heavy metals in the workplace.

Occupational diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, as they often develop gradually over time and may not be immediately attributed to the work environment. In some cases, these diseases may not appear until years after exposure has ended. It is important for workers to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their job and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing protective gear, following safety protocols, and seeking regular medical check-ups. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and follow strict regulations to prevent the spread of occupational diseases.

There are several types of neck pain, including:

* Acute neck pain: This is a sudden onset of pain in the neck, often caused by an injury or strain.
* Chronic neck pain: This is persistent pain in the neck that lasts for more than 3 months.
* Mechanical neck pain: This is pain caused by misalignment or degeneration of the spinal bones and joints in the neck.
* Non-mechanical neck pain: This is pain that is not caused by a specific structural problem, but rather by factors such as poor posture, muscle strain, or pinched nerves.

Neck pain can be treated with a variety of methods, including:

* Medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs
* Physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength
* Chiropractic care to realign the spine and relieve pressure on nerves
* Massage therapy to relax muscles and improve circulation
* Lifestyle changes such as improving posture, losing weight, and taking regular breaks to rest and stretch.

It is important to seek medical attention if neck pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs.

Types: There are several types of arm injuries, including:

1. Fractures: A break in one or more bones of the arm.
2. Sprains: Stretching or tearing of ligaments that connect bones to other tissues.
3. Strains: Tears in muscles or tendons.
4. Dislocations: When a bone is forced out of its normal position in the joint.
5. Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendons, which can cause pain and stiffness in the arm.
6. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the joints and reduce friction.
7. Cuts or lacerations: Open wounds on the skin or other tissues of the arm.
8. Burns: Damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity.
9. Nerve injuries: Damage to the nerves that control movement and sensation in the arm.
10. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections that can affect any part of the arm.

Symptoms: The symptoms of arm injuries can vary depending on the type and severity of the injury. Some common symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, limited mobility, deformity, and difficulty moving the arm.

Diagnosis: A healthcare professional will typically perform a physical examination and may use imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to diagnose arm injuries.

Treatment: Treatment for arm injuries can range from conservative methods such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) to surgical interventions. The goal of treatment is to relieve pain, promote healing, and restore function to the affected arm.

... with Tulip Computers to supply computers. The Bangladesh government reported the price for the computers were too high. Tulip ... Tulip Computers NV was a Dutch computer manufacturer that manufactured PC clones. It was founded in 1979 as Compudata, as an ... In 1987, Compudata changed its name to Tulip Computers. Tulip made headlines among Commodore computer enthusiasts when it ... Nedfield.nl on Archive.org (CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl), Home computer hardware companies, Defunct computer hardware ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_Computers

... refer to any computer built by the NYLAC computer company. NYLAC computer company built a computer based on the ... The Nylac Computer used the CP/M disk operating system. Advert:Lifeboat Associates, Page 22, InfoWorld - 21 Jul 1980], Software ... It was derived from the Rex computer built in Des Moines, Iowa. Nylac was founded by Gary Martin, although to customers and ... The name of the company was derived from joining the two words Nyla (Gary's wife's name) and Univac, an early computer. The ...

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As of 2014, The Computers have released one mini-album (You Can't Hide From the Computers, 2008) and two albums, This Is the ... "This Is the Computers review". AllMusic. Retrieved 13 January 2014. "The Computers' new single". Testing.roomThirteen.com. ... This Is the Computers (One Little Independent, 2011) The Computers Are Misfits (One Little Independent, Black Friday Ltd ... The Computers are a British rock band from Exeter, England. Their sound initially fused hardcore punk and garage rock and ...

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... , Computer companies established in 1965, Defunct computer hardware companies, Defunct computer companies of ... Apricot Computers was a British company that produced desktop personal computers in the mid-1980s. Apricot Computers was a ... "Apricot Computers Ltd: Apricot Computers Makes its Comeback with Entry into the Ultra-Mobile PC Market; Apricot Returns to ... This would transmit the date and time settings from the keyboard to the computer via IR, setting the RTC in the computer. The ...

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Grace's Guide entry on Systime Computers Images of Systime Computers Exchange concerning Systime Computers between MP Michael ... Defunct computer hardware companies, Defunct computer companies of the United Kingdom, Computer companies established in 1973, ... Systime Computers Ltd was a British computer manufacturer and systems integrator of the 1970s and 1980s. During the late 1970s ... Computer Business Review. 11 October 1987. "CDC's Systime Wins Altos, Computer Consoles for its PC-Connect MS-DOS-to-Unix Link ...

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... is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers computer graphics and related subjects such as data ... "Source details: Computers & Graphics". Scopus Preview. Elsevier. Retrieved 2022-05-30. "Computers & Graphics". 2020 Journal ... Computer graphics, Computer science journals, Publications established in 1975, English-language journals, Elsevier academic ... "Computers & Graphics , Vol 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-136 (May 1975) , ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier". www.sciencedirect.com. ...

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... as well as even lamp computers before that. The name of the Pravet computers specifies that these are Personal Computers "made ... Personal computers, Home computers, Apple II clones, Computer-related introductions in 1979, Manufacturing companies of ... Pravetz computers (in Bulgarian shortly: Правец) are the Bulgarian personal computers produced from 1979 that were widely used ... Pravetz 8D - 8 bit home computer, based on 6502 and VIA 6522. It used a TV set instead of a computer monitor. Not compatible ...

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The sequence of company names was: Elliott Automation Marconi Elliott Computer Systems GEC Computers Limited GPT Computers ... GEC Computers Limited was a British computer manufacturing company under the GEC holding company from 1968 until the 1990s. ... The numbers of GEC computer systems around the UK by now meant that GEC Computers had built up a widespread field service ... which GEC Computers sold under the name of GEC Series 42. GEC Computers developed some reduced cost workstations called the GEC ...

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NOV, or News Overview, is a widely deployed indexing method for Usenet articles, also found in some Internet email implementations. Written in 1992 by Geoff Collyer, NOV replaced a variety of incompatible indexing schemes used in different client programs, each typically requiring custom modifications to each news server before they could be used. In modern NNTP implementations, NOV is exposed as the XOVER and related commands. In its original implementation, the header lines of each incoming message are examined, and a single line of text is appended to the overview files, with one overview file present for each newsgroup. Tab (ASCII code 9) characters and line breaks within the headers are converted to spaces (ASCII code 32), and the header fields within each overview line are then delimited by tab characters. The first seven fields in a NOV line are fixed and unlabeled: Subject: header contents From: header contents Date: header contents Message-ID: header contents References: header contents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOV_(computers)

"Olivetti M20 D - Computer - Computing History". Computinghistory.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2021. "Olivetti M24 - Computer ... In 1985, the company acquired a controlling share in the British computer manufacturer Acorn Computers Ltd; a third partner was ... "The Olivetti M10". Yet Another Computer Museum. fjkraan. "Olivetti Prodest PC 128S - Computer - Computing History". ... "Un computer su ogni scrivania: la Olivetti and i primi PC". Retrieved 4 September 2020. "Olivetti P 6040, 1977". Retrieved 4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivetti_computers

Defunct computer companies of the United Kingdom, Computer companies disestablished in 2002, Computer companies established in ... Tiny Computers was a British computer manufacturer based in Salfords, Surrey, England. The company went into administration due ... "Tiny Computers Captured By Time". Sky News. 30 January 2002. Retrieved 19 November 2014. "Tiny Computers swallowed up". BBC ... "Company details for TINY COMPUTERS LIMITED". UKData.com. Retrieved 14 November 2014. "Company Overview of Tiny Computers". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_Computers

... official website Individual Computers Product Information Wiki v t e v t e (CS1 German-language sources ( ... Individual Computers produced the C-One reconfigurable computer in 2003. The company is owned and run by Jens Schönfeld. ... Individual Computers is a German computer hardware company specializing in retrocomputing accessories for the Commodore 64, ... Flicker fixer for Amiga computers ACA boards - CPU expansion cards for Amiga computers Amiga portal Goodwin, Simon (December ...

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... plc (also Atlantic Computer Systems plc) was a British computer lessor and technology services firm, set up ... Computer companies disestablished in 1990, 1990 disestablishments in England, Computer companies established in 1975, 1975 ... The company leased computers systems using complex 'Flexlease' agreements, which allowed a lessee to update to a new lease ... "In re ATLANTIC COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC., et al., Debtors". Casetext. 3 May 1993. Retrieved 15 May 2020. [Capital Markets Plc & ...

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The last S-2000 retirement at Ford, 1981 (36-bit computers, Defunct computer companies of the United States, Military computers ... "1960s computer ads created by the real Mad Men". Pingdom Royal. A computer on a truck. 30 May 2013. BASICPAC ad from 1960, from ... "Philco Transistorized Automatic Computer CXPQ". David L. Boslaugh, When Computers Went to Sea: The Digitization of the United ... J. L. Maddox; J. B. O'Toole; S. Y. Wong (1956). The TRANSAC S-1000 Computer. Eastern Joint Computer Conference. doi:10.1145/ ...

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The RackMac became the only industrial version of the Macintosh computer available. In addition to the main computer (RM1200) ... GreenSpring Computers was started in 1984 as VME Specialists. The original product focus was VMEbus cards for industrial ... "GreenSpring Computers Adds Eight New Products and PC/104 Solution to IndustryPack Line". GE Automation. 14 February 1997. ... Around 1988, the company changed its name to GreenSpring Computers. With the name change came a change of focus away from ...

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... Inc. was a computer company founded in Santa Clara, California in 1985 by Mike Fung, an ex-Hewlett-Packard ... Defunct computer companies based in California, Cray, Vector supercomputers, Technology companies based in the San Francisco ... Bay Area, Companies based in Santa Clara, California, Computer companies established in 1985, Companies disestablished in 1990 ...

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... is a British computer refurbishment company located in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire. GNG Computers was founded in ... GNG Computers local repair service (known as GNG Local) began in August 2014, and repair a multitude of electronic devices ... "Repair Hub GNG Computers". Retrieved 25 June 2015. (Use dmy dates from June 2019, All articles with unsourced statements, ... "Charles Computers eBay". Retrieved 24 June 2015. "eBay feedback score". Retrieved 25 June 2015. "GNG Webstore". Archived from ...

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The Harvard Computers was a team of women working as skilled workers to process astronomical data at the Harvard Observatory in ... "Computers at Work: Astronomical labor at the HCO at the turn of the century". Archived from the original on 2019-09-29. ... Draper, was hired as a computer. She was a graduate from Vassar College, and was tasked with reclassifying some of the stars ... Some of the first women who were hired to work as computers had familial connections to the Harvard Observatory's male staff. ...

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Fault-tolerant computer systems, Defunct computer hardware companies, Defunct computer companies based in California, ... Tandem Computers, Inc. was the dominant manufacturer of fault-tolerant computer systems for ATM networks, banks, stock ... Computer companies established in 1974, Computer companies disestablished in 1997, 1974 establishments in California, 1997 ... Tandem Computers was founded in 1974 by James (Jimmy) Treybig. Treybig first saw the market need for fault tolerance in OLTP ( ...

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Computer science journals, Earth and atmospheric sciences journals, All stub articles, Earth science journal stubs, Computer ... Computers & Geosciences is a scientific journal published monthly by Elsevier on behalf of the International Association for ... Geocomputation Geoinformatics Geomathematics "Computers & Geosciences". Springer. Retrieved 2021-09-22. Official website ...

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... Ltd was a computer hardware company with origins in a 1982 joint venture between Acorn Computers and Climar ... "Torch Computers Ltd". Retrieved 7 November 2020. "Torch - The Computer to Set the World Alight". Retrieved 7 November 2020. " ... Another dispute arose between Torch and HH Computers over the design of the latter's Tiger computer, obliquely alleging some ... BT Fulcrum, who were manufacturing small Unix-based computers in Birmingham under licence from Bleasdale Computer Systems ...

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... Limited is a private computer company based in London, England. As well as being a manufacturer of personal ... "Mesh Computers Reviews". Doo Yoo web site. Retrieved 25 September 2013. Mitchell, Stewart (1 June 2011). "Mesh Computers in ... Mesh Computers was voted PC Manufacturer of the Year by both Computer Shopper magazine and the Expert Reviews web site.[ ... Computer companies of the United Kingdom, Computer companies established in 1987, 1987 establishments in England, Companies ...

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... are generally much more expensive than office/consumer computers. Consumer computers from manufacturers such ... to be different from computer to computer. That is not acceptable in a military computer for which supporting documents have ... Rugged computer Secure cryptoprocessors Gun data computer MIL-S-901D "United States Cyber Command" Archived 2013-09-28 at the ... Feature Set - A military computer may have features not found on a consumer grade computer such as Circular connectors, hot ...

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... were coupled with Philips monitors. Philips had far more success selling its monitors than its computers. ... Philips Computers was active from 1963 through 1992. Before that, Philips produced three computers between 1953 and 1956, all ... "The Personal Computer Museum, Brantford, Ontario, CANADA - Recycle, donate, and browse your old computers, electronics, video ... "FCC ID JGMARG286 Desktop Computer by Argent Technologies Inc". FCC ID. ID, FCC. "FCC ID JGMARG386SX Desktop Computer by Argent ...

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Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Transistorized computers, Vacuum tube computers). ... The Manchester computers were an innovative series of stored-program electronic computers developed during the 30-year period ... They included the world's first stored-program computer, the world's first transistorised computer, and what was the world's ... The British Computer Society, ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5 Napper, R. B. E. (2000), "The Manchester Mark 1 Computers", in Rojas, Raúl ...

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"Computer Stock Sold". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. May 3, 1969. Retrieved Dec 18, 2019. "Computers Unlimited Opens First ... Computers Unlimited declared bankruptcy in late 1970. "Computers Unlimited, Incorporated announces Richard E Schneider Vice ... Defunct computer companies of the United States, Time-sharing companies, All stub articles, Computer company stubs). ... Computers Unlimited, inc. (CUI) was a timesharing company headquartered in Rochester, NY. The company was founded before 1968 ...

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Computer Shopper Personal Computer News Personal Computer World Computer Gamer Home Computing Weekly rem Acornsoft Amber ( ... Acorn Computers, once regarded as the UK's equivalent of Apple Computer ... Report on Network Computer Technology Archived 3 ... Acorn Computers, Companies based in Cambridge, Computer companies disestablished in 2000, Computer companies established in ... Acorn Computers Ltd. has changed its name to Element 14 Ltd. as part of its conversion from a computer designer and ...

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... Friday, Jun 30, 2006 by Josh Livestock Boruff (@Livestock) ... This week those nerds apply their nerdy knowledge of computers, technology, and science to movies, making them dynamic and sexy ...

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Today, I ask: Can computers create?. Before I dive into the second question I want to talk about the first one: Can computers ... Can computers create? by Jessica Zeisloft March 27, 2017. April 20, 2021. ... Computers cant do this yet, but the entire field of Artificial Intelligence has emerged in pursuit of this goal. And in the ... The computer can rhyme, but the rhythm structure and wordplay is lacking. The Flow Machines tracks, developed in the style of ...

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Dennis M. Ritchie, American computer scientist and cowinner of the 1983 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. (britannica.com)
Ritchie and the American computer scientist Kenneth L. Thompson were cited jointly for "their development of generic soperating systems theory and specifically for the. (britannica.com)
Ronald L. Rivest, American computer scientist and cowinner, with American computer scientist Leonard M. Adleman and Israeli cryptographer Adi Shamir, of the 2002 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for their "ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in. (britannica.com)
Lawrence Roberts, American computer scientist who supervised the construction of the ARPANET, a computer network that was a precursor to the Internet. (britannica.com)
Dana Scott, American mathematician, logician, and computer scientist who was cowinner of the 1976 A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science. (britannica.com)
Mr. Norris is a nuclear and computer scientist, accountant, former cybersecurity manager, former airline pilot, executive, and serial entrepreneur with 52 year. (law.com)
Computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra countered this with another question: Can a submarine swim? (michigandaily.com)

Resultantly, computers think, but not like humans. (michigandaily.com)

Upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms data were collected on handheld computers randomly throughout the day for seven days over three data collection periods. (cdc.gov)

This week those nerds apply their nerdy knowledge of computers, technology, and science to movies, making them dynamic and sexy and desirable to women in the process. (somethingawful.com)
Alan Turing, the closest thing computer science nerds have to a god, first posed this question in 1950. (michigandaily.com)

Dive computers come in many forms. (padi.com)
Whether you are looking for a console, or wrist-mount or wristwatch-style computers you will find the best dive computer that fits your diving style in the 2020 Scuba Diving magazine gear Buyers Guide. (padi.com)
Underwater alerts and alarms can be customized, and the computer operates for 40 hours in dive mode on a single charge. (padi.com)
Before I dive into the second question I want to talk about the first one: Can computers think? (michigandaily.com)

Use cases for computer vision include: autonomous vehicles, facial recognition, inventory management, medical imaging and more. (meetup.com)

Search our computers expert witness and consultant directory that includes expert listings for computer forensics, computer crimes, computer data recovery, computer software analysis & development, computer engineering, Computer Software and more. (law.com)
Browse our list of categories or use our search tool to find the right computers expert witness or consultant for your case. (law.com)

Rapid developments in computer and Internet technology powered an ever-expanding selection of handheld digital devices such as the Palm Pilot, BlackBerry, iPhone, and iPod. (britannica.com)
For most users, interacting with your computer means using a mouse or keyboard to send emails, browse the internet, and so much more. (hp.com)
New to computers or the internet? (longbeach.gov)
Take these introductory video courses on computers, the internet, and popular Microsoft Office software like Excel and Word. (longbeach.gov)
The OIICS Coding Resource software may be downloaded for free to your computer and installed locally so that you do not require an internet connection to use the OIICS coding resource tool. (cdc.gov)
This paper presents some considerations about the development of the internet and computer mediated relationships, showing how the new technology turns into a much more approach than avoidance of reality. (bvsalud.org)

responsive environments, the use of sensory technology and computer equipment to create a collaborative relationship between objects in an environment and the movements of the human body. (britannica.com)
D. is a cybersecurity, networking, computer, and information technology (IT) expert who has built a solid reputation in the information te. (law.com)
We can make this technology for very low cost, it runs on a tablet computer, and it's completely portable and battery powered. (medlineplus.gov)

Browse the top-ranked list of flexible computers below along with associated reviews and opinions. (bestbuy.com)
Browse the HP Store for a Wireless Computer Mouse . (hp.com)

Take a glance at our performance Wireless Computer Mice selection, find the perfect input devices for your system, and always get the best price available along with fast Free Shipping. (hp.com)

Findings presented here show the proportions who reported computer/games console use for two or more hours every weekday. (who.int)

If you use the computer for both business and personal purposes (such as playing computer games), your deduction is reduced by the percentage of your personal use. (nolo.com)

This virtual Meetup Network is for data scientists, machine learning engineers, and open source enthusiasts who want to expand their knowledge of computer vision and complementary technologies. (meetup.com)
Or export your data to a file (tab-delimited line listing)for download to your computer. (cdc.gov)

Young people were asked how many hours per day they played games on a computer or a games console in their spare time on weekdays and at weekends. (who.int)

It is a vital procedure in the creative realization of scientific ideas, particularly in computer science. (britannica.com)

This version of Solar Computer is the most recent in a series of programs I have written over the years to provide a variety of useful solar computations. (arachnoid.com)
This is something that should never happen to a computer language, but it does happen, regularly, ultimately disabling any computer programs that are not rewritten over and over again to keep up with arbitrary changes in the language. (arachnoid.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the simulation of two computer programs in predicting the soft tissue profile following orthognathic surgery. (bvsalud.org)

rootkit, a form of malicious software, or malware, that infects a computer's hard drive and allows unauthorized "root-level" access and control of the computer. (britannica.com)
Talk about computer hardware and software here. (dynamicdrive.com)

Be the first to find out about our Wireless Computer Mouse, latest deals on all computer accessories, and get a special product offer just for joining us at the Official HP Store. (hp.com)

This new multi-mode wrist computer can handle air, nitrox or free diving duties and is comfortable and stylish enough for daily wear as a watch. (padi.com)

Check out the GetSetUp Calendar and select the "Computers" filter to learn about different tech topics like computer basics, WiFi, video calling, and more. (longbeach.gov)

The first modern computers used analog systems, which were especially useful for solving problems and simulating dynamic systems in real time. (britannica.com)

The computer features a back-light to further enhance visibility. (padi.com)
This robust computer features a high-contrast display and one-button operation, has two-tank switching and is nitrox compatible. (padi.com)
This flagship computer features a full-color display in a platform that's surprisingly easy to operate. (padi.com)

Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) serves as the health provider's primary tool for viewing and interpreting medical images, and because PACS is web-based, radiologists can more easily access images on mobile devices and computers. (medscape.com)
It can be used on computers and mobile devices/tablets. (cdc.gov)

The Burnett Neighborhood Library offers one-on-one instruction for basic computer skills and any other tech-related queries on Saturdays between 10:00 AM - 5:00 PM. Assistance is provided on a first-come first-served basis. (longbeach.gov)

To reach a similar bar of success, a computer that thinks should make decisions as rationally as human do. (michigandaily.com)
The Dana Neighborhood Library offers 30 minute one-on-one computer instruction appointments on Fridays between 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM. Please call (562) 570-1042 to make an appointment. (longbeach.gov)
This new cloud-based computer system will make the information available almost as soon as it's entered. (cdc.gov)

Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) completed a Public Health Assessment (PHA) for the Computer Circuits site (ATSDR, 2001). (cdc.gov)
The Computer Circuits Superfund site (Site) occupies a 2 acre parcel within an industrial park in the Hamlet of Hauppauge, Suffolk County New York. (cdc.gov)
The Computer Circuits company occupied the site from 1969 to 1977, and manufactured printed circuit boards. (cdc.gov)

The advent of personal computers brought computers into the individual consumer's home for the first time. (britannica.com)
If you use the computer in your business more than 50% of the time, you can deduct the entire cost under a provision of the tax law called Section 179. (nolo.com)
For example, if you use your computer 60% of the time for business and 40% of the time for personal use, you can deduct only 60% of the cost. (nolo.com)

The Library partners with Long Beach Community College (LBCC) to host computer classes at the Michelle Obama Neighborhood Library . (longbeach.gov)

scanner, computer input device that uses a light beam to scan codes, text, or graphic images directly into a computer or computer system. (britannica.com)

Every month we'll bring you two diverse speakers working at the cutting edge of computer vision. (meetup.com)
What's computer vision? (meetup.com)
This network is sponsored by Voxel51, maintainers of the open source FiftyOne computer vision toolset. (meetup.com)
Observer, manual single-frame video, and automated computer vision measures of the Hand Activity Level (HAL) were compared. (cdc.gov)

To check the resolution and size on a PC, locate the image on your computer, right click on it to bring up a sub-menu. (cdc.gov)

No installation is required other than saving the file to your computer. (cdc.gov)

However, since the 1980s, radiologists have leapt into the digital world and have viewed images on computer monitors with increasing frequency. (medscape.com)

Computers can't do this yet, but the entire field of Artificial Intelligence has emerged in pursuit of this goal. (michigandaily.com)
Given that in a mere half century we have seen computers evolve from cluttering entire rooms to fitting into our pocket, making a machine that thinks seems like a realistic goal. (michigandaily.com)

Under Section 179, you can deduct in a single year the cost of tangible personal property (new or used) that you buy for your business, including computers, business equipment and machinery, and office furniture. (nolo.com)

Watch-sized computer is stylish and easy to use. (padi.com)
Solar Computer provides an easy way to compute sunrise and sunset times, and some other useful values, for any date and geographical location. (arachnoid.com)

If you're an employee in someone else's business and you buy a computer to use in your work, you should get your employer to reimburse you for the cost. (nolo.com)

Later there was a similar transition from mainframe computers to personal computers. (britannica.com)
Similar to a computer mouse's ability to allow interaction between a computer and its user, responsive. (britannica.com)

Last year, Flow Machines , a project funded by the European Research Council, released two songs composed by a computer, though the production, mixing and lyrics are human-generated. (michigandaily.com)
Computers have revolutionized the production, distribution and consumption of music, but when it comes to recommending a good tune, they're still sorely lacking. (technologyreview.com)

If you purchase a computer for use in your own business, there is no problem deducting the whole cost. (nolo.com)
If your computer cost $1,000 you could only depreciate $600. (nolo.com)

By the 1960s, digital computers had largely replaced their analog counterparts. (britannica.com)

Many even stay in service across the life of multiple computers. (hp.com)

The probe creates an image of the tissue and cells that it sends back to a 'microscope' on the tablet computer, where the provider can review the image for cancer. (medlineplus.gov)

Again, complete documentation and technical notes for Solar Computer are located here . (arachnoid.com)

Can computers create? (michigandaily.com)
Today, I ask: Can computers create? (michigandaily.com)
Now that we've theorized about the first question, we turn to the arguably more compelling question: Can computers create? (michigandaily.com)

Anatomy2

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment49

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations18

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Humanities1

Information Science91

Named Groups2

Health Care45

Geographicals2

Ventricular pressure-volume curve indices change with end-diastolic pressure. (1/3102)

Evaluation of the force-frequency relationship as a descriptor of the inotropic state of canine left ventricular myocardium. (2/3102)

Subunit dissociation in fish hemoglobins. (3/3102)

Using computerized video time lapse for quantifying cell death of X-irradiated rat embryo cells transfected with c-myc or c-Ha-ras. (4/3102)

Model studies of chromatin structure based on X-ray diffraction data. (5/3102)

Automated collection of quality-of-life data: a comparison of paper and computer touch-screen questionnaires. (6/3102)

Binding conformers searching method for ligands according to the structures of their receptors and its application to thrombin inhibitors. (7/3102)

Computer method for predicting the secondary structure of single-stranded RNA. (8/3102)

Computers

Computer Simulation

Attitude to Computers

Computer Peripherals

Computer Literacy

Computer Systems

Computers, Handheld

Computer User Training

Computer Terminals

Computers, Analog

Software

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted

Computer Communication Networks

Computer Graphics

Computer-Assisted Instruction

Minicomputers

Algorithms

Information Systems

Computers, Molecular

Automatic Data Processing

Data Display

Word Processing

Medical Records Systems, Computerized

Internet

Models, Biological

Video Games

Computers, Hybrid

Neural Networks (Computer)

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Computer Security

Therapy, Computer-Assisted

Human Engineering

Cumulative Trauma Disorders

Surgery, Computer-Assisted

Office Automation

Reproducibility of Results

Computer Storage Devices

Online Systems

Hospital Information Systems

Computer-Aided Design

Models, Theoretical

Multimedia

Time Factors

Models, Cardiovascular

Television

Mathematics

Models, Molecular

Models, Anatomic

Medical Informatics Applications

Questionnaires

Software Design

Ambulatory Care Information Systems

Musculoskeletal Diseases

Medical Informatics

Imaging, Three-Dimensional

Base Sequence

Communication Aids for Disabled

Man-Machine Systems

Databases, Factual

Molecular Sequence Data

Information Storage and Retrieval

Medical Records

Models, Genetic

Methods

Equipment Design

Computational Biology

Amino Acid Sequence

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Computing Methodologies

Models, Neurological

Monte Carlo Method

Data Collection

Histology

Automation

Shoulder Pain

Sensitivity and Specificity

Decision Support Systems, Clinical

Brain-Computer Interfaces

Video Recording

CD-ROM