Complement Fixation Tests
Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Brucellosis, Bovine
Immunodiffusion
Hemagglutination Tests
Brucella abortus
Brucellosis
Agglutination Tests
Brucella
Complement System Proteins
Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).
Immune Sera
Complement Activation
Complement C3
A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Rose Bengal
Histoplasmosis
Brucella Vaccine
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
Coccidioidomycosis
Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne
The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.
Immunoglobulin M
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Cross Reactions
Epididymitis
Q Fever
Glanders
Coxiella
Sheep
Histoplasma
Immunoglobulin G
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Immunoelectrophoresis
A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.
Complement C4
Latex Fixation Tests
Burkholderia mallei
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Brucella melitensis
Cattle
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Goats
Cattle Diseases
Chlamydia
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Complement C1q
A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.
Coxiella burnetii
Nitrogen Fixation
Complement Pathway, Alternative
Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
Complement C5
C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
Receptors, Complement
Complement C3b
The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constituent of the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb), and COMPLEMENT C5 CONVERTASES in both the classical (C4b2a3b) and the alternative (C3bBb3b) pathway. C3b participates in IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION and enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS. It can be inactivated (iC3b) or cleaved by various proteases to yield fragments such as COMPLEMENT C3C; COMPLEMENT C3D; C3e; C3f; and C3g.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Antibodies
Fixation, Ocular
Guinea Pigs
Rabbits
Complement C9
A 63-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by gene C9. Monomeric C9 (mC9) binds the C5b-8 complex to form C5b-9 which catalyzes the polymerization of C9 forming C5b-p9 (MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) and transmembrane channels leading to lysis of the target cell. Patients with C9 deficiency suffer from recurrent bacterial infections.
Complement Pathway, Classical
Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
Antibody Formation
Horses
Complement C1
The first complement component to act in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. It is a calcium-dependent trimolecular complex made up of three subcomponents: COMPLEMENT C1Q; COMPLEMENT C1R; and COMPLEMENT C1S at 1:2:2 ratios. When the intact C1 binds to at least two antibodies (involving C1q), C1r and C1s are sequentially activated, leading to subsequent steps in the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.
Complement Membrane Attack Complex
A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.
Complement Inactivator Proteins
Serum proteins that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host. The complement system is tightly regulated by inactivators that accelerate the decay of intermediates and certain cell surface receptors.
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.
Fracture Fixation
Complement C2
A component of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C2 is cleaved by activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C2B and COMPLEMENT C2A. C2a, the COOH-terminal fragment containing a SERINE PROTEASE, combines with COMPLEMENT C4B to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).
Complement Factor B
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Antibody Specificity
Complement Factor H
An important soluble regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). It is a 139-kDa glycoprotein expressed by the liver and secreted into the blood. It binds to COMPLEMENT C3B and makes iC3b (inactivated complement 3b) susceptible to cleavage by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I. Complement factor H also inhibits the association of C3b with COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form the C3bB proenzyme, and promotes the dissociation of Bb from the C3bBb complex (COMPLEMENT C3 CONVERTASE, ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY).
Complement Inactivating Agents
Complement C3a
The smaller fragment generated from the cleavage of complement C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. C3a, a 77-amino acid peptide, is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION, and HISTAMINE RELEASE from MAST CELLS and LEUKOCYTES. C3a is considered an anaphylatoxin along with COMPLEMENT C4A; COMPLEMENT C5A; and COMPLEMENT C5A, DES-ARGININE.
Complement C5a
The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.
Complement C6
A 105-kDa serum glycoprotein with significant homology to the other late complement components, C7-C9. It is a polypeptide chain cross-linked by 32 disulfide bonds. C6 is the next complement component to bind to the membrane-bound COMPLEMENT C5B in the assembly of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. It is encoded by gene C6.
Receptors, Complement 3b
Molecular sites on or in some B-lymphocytes and macrophages that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3B. The primary structure of these receptors reveal that they contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, with their extracellular portion composed entirely of thirty short consensus repeats each having 60 to 70 amino acids.
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Complement Activating Enzymes
Complement C4b
Tissue Fixation
Complement C3d
A 302-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactivated (iC3b) and its alpha chain is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I into C3c, and C3dg (955-1303) in the presence COMPLEMENT FACTOR H. Serum proteases further degrade C3dg into C3d (1002-1303) and C3g (955-1001).
Rheumatoid Factor
Complement C3-C5 Convertases
Serine proteases that cleave COMPLEMENT C3 into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, or cleave COMPLEMENT C5 into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. These include the different forms of C3/C5 convertases in the classical and the alternative pathways of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Both cleavages take place at the C-terminal of an ARGININE residue.
Haplorhini
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Complement C7
A 93-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by C7 gene. It is a polypeptide chain with 28 disulfide bridges. In the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; C7 is the next component to bind the C5b-6 complex forming a trimolecular complex C5b-7 which is lipophilic, resembles an integral membrane protein, and serves as an anchor for the late complement components, C8 and C9.
Complement C8
A 150-kDa serum glycoprotein composed of three subunits with each encoded by a different gene (C8A; C8B; and C8G). This heterotrimer contains a disulfide-linked C8alpha-C8gamma heterodimer and a noncovalently associated C8beta chain. C8 is the next component to bind the C5-7 complex forming C5b-8 that binds COMPLEMENT C9 and acts as a catalyst in the polymerization of C9.
Complement fixation titers in cattle following intranasal inoculation of Hemophilus somnus. (1/1682)
Five bulls were inoculated intranasally with a live culture of Hemophilus somnus originally isolated from a clinical case of Hemophilus septicemia. Preinoculation and postinoculation blood samples were taken at weekly intervals for nine weeks for measuring complement fixation titers and daily postinoculation temperatures were taken for one week. Three animals had transient fever and slight lethargy was observed in two animals had a transitory rise in complement fixation titers in the second to fifth weeks postexposure while one animal which had been seronegative on preinoculation testing produced little serological response to the organism. The experiment demonstrated that the nasal instillation of young cattle using an originally pathogenic H. somnus isolate is capable of stimulating only transitory complement fixation antibody titer. (+info)Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (2/1682)
One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals. (+info)Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. (3/1682)
The serum dilution neutralization test was evaluated for serological diagnosis of California group arbovirus infections and identification of virus isolates. The technical advantages and the degree of subtype specificity of the serum dilution neutralization test over the hemagglutination inhibition test and the complement fixation test were demonstrated with paired specimens from human cases, single human survey sera, and sentinel rabbit sera. Twenty-one virus isolates from various geographical areas of the United States were also used to evaluate the efficacy of the serum dilution neutralization test for specific virus identification. (+info)Chagas' disease diagnosis: comparative analysis of parasitologic, molecular, and serologic methods. (4/1682)
During the course of chronic chagasic infection, low parasitemia levels prevent parasite detection by current techniques such as hemoculture and xenodiagnosis. Since serologic tests have sensitivity but lack specificity, molecular assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed as alternative tools for parasite detection in individuals with chronic Chagas' disease. A variable degree of PCR efficiency has been reported in the literature and illustrates the need for further evaluation of large numbers of chagasic patients. In this study, we compared an optimized PCR technique with hemoculture and complement-mediated lysis (CoML) in 113 individuals from or living in endemic areas of Brazil who had conventional serologic results that were either positive, negative, or inconclusive. The PCR amplification yielded positive results in 83.5% (66 of 79) of individuals with positive serology, 47.6% (10 of 21) with negative serology, and 46.2% (6 of 13) with inconclusive serology. Of 10 patients with negative serology and positive PCR result, eight (80%) had positive CoML, indicating that they could have been chagasic but were not mounting immune responses. The PCR results were also positive for all individuals who had positive hemoculture, for 37 individuals with negative hemoculture and positive serology, and for two of six individuals with inconclusive serology and negative hemoculture. Thirteen individuals living in nonendemic areas who had negative serology were used as a negative control group: 100% had negative PCR results. Our results show that the optimized PCR protocol used here was very sensitive in detecting the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic chagasic patients. The PCR and CoML results were well correlated in all of the groups studied, which suggests that our PCR protocol may be effective in the evaluation of cure in patients who receive anti-parasite treatment. (+info)Inhibition of K cell function by human breast cancer sera. (5/1682)
Sera from breast cancer patients and from female controls were tested for inhibition of lysis of antibody-coated target cells by human leukocytes (K cells). Sera from 39% of breast cancer patients, but from only 8% of controls, inhibited lysis by more than 30%. This inhibition was unrelated to the stage of the disease, the patient's age or whether the patient was pre- or post-operative. Inhibition was apparently not due to anti-HLA antibodies and did not correlate with the IgG level or anti-complementary activity of the serum. On fractionation by gel-filtration, inhibitory activity was found in fractions of higher molecular weight than IgG. As no IgG could be detected in these fractions, inhibition is probably not due to immune complexes containing IgG antibody. The inhibitory factor may well contribute to the immunosuppressed status of a proportion of breast cancer patients. (+info)Immune complexes and complement hypercatabolism in patients with leprosy. (6/1682)
The occurrence of immune complexes in the serum and the level of the C3 breakdown product C3d in the plasma from patients with leprosy were studied by quantitative methods and the results were compared in various forms of the disease. These studies were performed on sixty-two samples from twenty-six patients. The serum 125I-C1q binding activity was found to be increased by more than 2 s.d., as compared to the normal values, in most of the sera from patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) (80%) and uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy (82%), but also in the sera from patients with tuberculoid leprosy (58%). In vitro studies suggested that immune complexes involving mycobacterial antigens were present in leprosy sera. An increased C3d level (greater than 2s.d.) was also found in most of the plasma from patients with ENL (70%), but rarely in the plasma from patients with uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy (18%) and never in tuberculoid leprosy patients' plasma. The absence of a significant correlation between the 125I-C1q binding activity and the C3d level in leprosy patients may suggest that extravascular immune complexes are involved in the complement activation occurring in ENL. The quantitation of C3d in plasma may be of some practical interest in the early diagnosis of ENL complications of leprosy. (+info)Studies on the immunogenicity of protamines in humans and experimental animals by means of a micro-complement fixation test. (7/1682)
A complement fixation study with human, monkey and rabbit sera, using purified sperm nuclear basic proteins as antigens, led to the following conclusions. (1) Protamines, the sperm-specific basic nuclear proteins, may be immunogenic in mammalians. (2) Antibodies detected in the indirect immunofluorescence test on human swollen sperm heads in sera from infertile and vasectomized men, are directed primarily against human protamines. (3) The results obtained suggested that differences in the immunization site and/or in the configuration of the immunizing protamine, may lead to the formation of antibodies directed against different antigenic determinants. Autoimmunity to protamines, following vasectomy or in infertile men, is accompanied by the formation of antibodies cross-reacting with common antigenic determinants present in protamines of other species. Induction of immunity to protamines by means of immunization with protamines-RNA complexes (in rabbits), or protamine-insulin complexes (in humans), leads to the formation of antibodies reacting more specifically with the immunizing protamine, showing only slight cross-reaction with other protamines. (4) The histone-like fraction present in mature human spermatozoa is composed mainly of histone fraction H2B. (+info)Detection of core antibody in hepatitis B infection. (8/1682)
Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) is found on the decoated Dane particle and on a morphologically similar particle detected mainly in the nucleus of hepatocytes of patients with hepatitis B. HBcAg prepared from the liver of a chimpanzee infected with hepatitis B virus was used to test human serum for core antibody (anti-HBc) by complement fixation. Anti-HBc was found in serum collected from patients with hepatitis B in both the acute and convalescent stages, from carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and from patients with chronic liver or renal disease who were carriers of HBsAg. It was not found in patients with hepatitis A or infectious mononucleosis, or in healthy persons who were not carriers of HBsAg. (+info)
The coccidioidal complement fixation and immunodiffusion-complement fixation antigen is a chitinase
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Quantitative Complement Fixation Test in Schistosomiasis Mansoni
Evaluation of the comparative accuracy of the complement fixation test, Western blot and five enzyme-linked immunosorbent...
Complement-fixing antibody | Article about complement-fixing antibody by The Free Dictionary
Complement fixation test to C burnetii
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Orbivirus
These tests include ELISAs and complement fixation tests. Orbiviruses listed by serogroup Lebombo virus Pata virus African ... The serogroups are differentiated on the basis of a fourfold or greater difference in antibody based tests. ...
Schistosoma bovis
Alternatively diagnosis can be made by complement fixation tests. As of 2012[update] commercial serological tests have included ... Kinkel HF, Dittrich S, Bäumer B, Weitzel T (2012). "Evaluation of eight serological tests for diagnosis of imported ... Historically, antimonials and trichlorphon were tested against visceral schistosome infection in cattle. Antimony affects ... Exposure to any Schistosoma eggs or cercariae can cause false positive serological test results for individual Schistosoma ...
Schistosoma haematobium
Alternatively diagnosis can be made by complement fixation tests. As of 2012[update], commercial blood tests included ELISA and ... Kinkel HF, Dittrich S, Bäumer B, Weitzel T (2012). "Evaluation of eight serological tests for diagnosis of imported ... an Indirect immunofluorescence test, but these have low sensitivity ranging from 21% to 71%. The main cause of schistomiasis is ...
Kyasanur Forest disease
Other methods of diagnosis included hemagglutination inhibition (HI), complement fixation, neutralization tests. However, new ... This study also found using immune response tests that birds and humans in the region appeared to have been exposed to the ...
History and naming of human leukocyte antigens
Complement fixation assay. The complement fixation test was modified to assay Antiserum mediated RBC lysis. Chromium release ... A series of tests on cultured cells revealed that, within the "LA" group, a donor tissue might have some antigens but not ... By testing different anti-sera from recipients they were able to uncover some with unique reactivities. As a result, scientists ... To work around this problem a 'workshop' number "w#" was often assigned while testing continued to determine which series the ...
Titer
Many traditional serological tests such as hemagglutination or complement fixation employ this principle. Such tests can ... This means that the patient's serum gives a positive indirect Coombs test at any dilution down to 1/16 (1 part serum to 15 ... It is conventionally expressed as the inverse of the greatest dilution level that still gives a positive result on some test. ... For example, the indirect Coombs test detects the presence of anti-Rh antibodies in a pregnant woman's blood serum. A patient ...
1906 in science
August von Wassermann develops a complement fixation test for the diagnosis of syphilis. Walther Nernst presents a formulation ...
Mumps
Antibody titers can also be measured with complement fixation tests, hemagglutination assays, and neutralization tests. In ... "Amylase Test". Lab Tests Online. Archived from the original on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2020. "Changes in the ... Sensitivity to IgM testing is variable, ranging from as low as 24-51% to 75% in the first week and 100% thereafter. Throughout ... In laboratory tests on rodents, MuV appears to enter the CNS first through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), then spreading to the ...
Lucy Graves Taliaferro
Complement fixation, precipitin, adhesion, mercuric chloride and Wassermann tests in equine trypanosomiasis of Panama (murrina ... They traveled three times to Panama to study malaria and on other trips they worked on a precipitin test for malaria and tests ... A precipitin test in malaria. J. Prev. Med., 1:343-57. Trypanosomiasis. In: A Textbook of Medicine, 2d ed., ed. R. L. Cecil, pp ... A precipitin test in malaria; Second report. J. Prev. Med., 2:147-67. 1929 With W. H. Taliaferro. Acquired immunity in avian ...
Sarcocystis
Ante mortem diagnosis may be made with the use of dermal sensitivity testing or complement fixation tests. Muscle biopsy is ...
Echinococcus
Antiechinococcus antibodies can be detected with serodiagnostic tests - indirect fluorescent antibody, complement fixation, ...
Coccidioidomycosis
The available tests include the tube-precipitin (TP) assays, complement fixation assays, and enzyme immunoassays. TP antibody ... Inmates Should Be Tested for Valley Fever Immunity". California HealthLine. 2014-07-28. Shehab, Ziad M. (2010). " ... Presently, Meridian Bioscience manufactures the so-called EIA test to diagnose the Valley fever, which however is known for ... and a serum precipitin test was developed by Charles E. Smith that was able to detect an acute form of the infection. In ...
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
However, some authors note that such complement-fixation tests are insensitive and should not be used for diagnosis. Dr. Clare ... Blood samples were obtained and tested for LCMV antibodies. Of the 82 workers that were tested, seven had definite serologic ... Serologic testing is not recommended for pet rodents, as it has been unreliable in detecting antibodies in animals with active ... The island of Vir in Croatia is one of the biggest described endemic places of origin of LCMV in the world, with IFA testing ...
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Double diffusion in agar gel and complement fixation test, are amongst the most commonly used tests in serodiagnosis. Culture ... which might provide a basis for the development of a diagnostic test. Tests targeting the presence of serum antibodies to P. ... A number of serologic tests have been employed for the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. ... "Rapid and reliable method for production of a specific Paracoccidioides brasiliensis immunodiffucsion test antigen". J. Clin. ...
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Bacterial culture, immunofluorescent antibody testing (IFAT), complement fixation test and haemagglutination can all be used to ...
List of German inventors and discoverers
August von Wassermann: Developed a complement fixation test for the diagnosis of syphilis in 1906 Felix Wankel: Inventor of the ...
Ida A. Bengtson
... the complement fixation test. This test led to revolutionary findings in regards to detecting the differentiation of diseases ...
Enterovirus E
Electron microscopy, PCR, complement fixation, antibody fluorescence, neutralization test, and haemagglutination can be used to ...
Sensitization (immunology)
... cells such as erythrocytes in advance of performing an immunological test such as a complement-fixation test or a Coombs test. ... to appropriate biological entities such as erythrocytes or particles made of gelatin or latex for passive aggregation tests. ...
Orientia tsutsugamushi
... complement fixation test) in 1944. She observed that different strains had varying degree of virulence, and that the antibodies ... strains have been established in humans based on antigenic variation using serological tests such as complement fixation and ... More sensitive tests such as rapid immunochromatographic test (RICT), immunofluorescence assays (IFA), ELISA, and DNA analysis ... Weil-Felix is the simplest and most rapid test, but it is not sensitive or specific, as it detects any kind of rickettsial ...
Surra
Canada used serological tests such as complement fixation tests to detect trypanosomes, and have been very successful. Other ... Detection with this method is approx 85 trypanosomes per millilitre.[citation needed] Rather than using live animals as test ... tests used look at detecting antibodies generated by the host species against T.evansi antigens. This is done using the enzyme- ...
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus
Diagnosis requires laboratory tests. Serological methods such as complement fixation, serum neutralization and PCR are ...
Indiana vesiculovirus
Serological testing is most commonly performed with an ELISA or complement fixation, and viral isolation can also be attempted ...
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
... direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests, complement fixation tests (CFT), indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), ELISA ... Other procedures used for diagnosis include growth inhibition disc tests (GI), ...
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1
A microtechnique for application of the SN test has been described. Immunodiffusion, a modified direct complement-fixation test ... Tests The HI test is frequently used for detection and quantitation of humoral antibody for PPV. Antibody sometimes can be ... Moreover, levels of antibody too low to be detected by the HI test may be detected by the SN test. The primary significance of ... Parameters of the HI test have been studied in detail. The SN test is occasionally used for detection and quantitation of ...
Colorado tick fever
Some tests include complement fixation to Colorado tick virus, immunofluorescence for Colorado tick fever, and some other ... A combination of clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests can confirm the likelihood of having CTF. ...
Jules Bordet
These studies became the basis for complement-fixation testing methods that enabled the development of serological tests for ... The same technique is used today in serologic testing for countless other diseases. With Octave Gengou, he isolated Bordetella ... but which are now known as complement). Four years later, in 1899, he described a similar destructive process involving ... complement, "hemolysis", in which foreign red blood cells are ruptured or "lysed" following exposure to immune serum. In 1900, ...
Whooping cough
... complement fixation test). The bacteria can be recovered from the person only during the first three weeks of illness, ... This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction. Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the ...
Hans Reiter (physician)
"Reiter Complement Fixation Test" for syphilis. Nevertheless, the eponym Reiter's syndrome was used for the disease he described ...
Oropouche fever
... neutralization test), and CF (complement fixation test) tests and in-house-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for total ... Nevertheless, clinics in Brazil may not have adequate testing reliability as they rely on symptoms rather than PCR viral ...
Inbreeding
Fixation of alleles most likely occurs through Muller's ratchet, when an asexual population's genome accumulates deleterious ... However, killing another male's cubs, upon the takeover, allows the new selected gene complement of the incoming alpha male to ... "Does morality have a biological basis? An empirical test of the factors governing moral sentiments relating to incest" ... "Fixation probability and time in subdivided populations". Genetics. 164 (2): 767-79. PMC 1462574. PMID 12807795 ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Binding to these antigens within the kidney could cause inflammation and complement fixation, resulting in kidney damage. ... Anti-DFS70 antibody tests are available as CE-marked tests. Until now, no FDA cleared assay is available.[48] ... The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and ... The presence of ANAs in blood can be confirmed by a screening test. Although there are many tests for the detection of ANAs, ...
Horse breeding
... "fixation" occurs. Shortly after fixation, the embryo proper (so called up to about 35 days) will become visible on trans-rectal ... Test breedings have been done with draft horse stallions bred to small mares with no increase in the number of difficult births ... The stallion should be chosen to complement the mare, with the goal of producing a foal that has the best qualities of both ...
Veterinary parasitology
... and Complement fixation test are methods of identifying different kinds of parasites by detecting the presence of their ...
Antibody
Complement activation (fixation), in which antibodies that are latched onto a foreign cell encourage complement to attack it ... Product safety testing : Sterility (bacteria and fungi), In vitro and in vivo testing for adventitious viruses, Murine ... these phagocytes are attracted by certain complement molecules generated in the complement cascade. Second, some complement ... Preclinical pharmacology and toxicity testing : Preclinical safety testing of antibody is designed to identify possible ...
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Gel immunodiffusion is commonly used in endemic areas, diagnoses 95% of cases with high specificity.[10] Complement fixation ... negative as well as negative autoantibody tests.[9]There is insufficient data to support the benefits of above drugs to treat ...
Chagas disease
These tests include: detecting complement fixation, indirect hemagglutination, indirect fluorescence assays, radioimmunoassays ... While these tests are not required in US, an estimated 75-90% of the blood supply is currently tested for Chagas, including all ... "Infectious Disease Testing". American Red Cross. Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.. ... Attempts to test Darwin's remains at Westminster Abbey by using modern PCR techniques were met with a refusal by the Abbey's ...
Complement system
This is the principle of the complement fixation test.. Modulation by infectionsEdit. Recent research has suggested that the ... complement factor B, and complement factor I, as well as deletion of complement factor H-related 3 and complement factor H- ... The end result of this complement activation or complement fixation cascade is stimulation of phagocytes to clear foreign and ... Diagnostic tools to measure complement activity include the total complement activity test.[citation needed] ...
Luxembourgish
infinitival complements. Du solls net esou vill Kaffi drénken. (lit. "You should not so much coffee drink."). *infinitival ... The tests are administered by the Institut National des Langues Luxembourg.[24] ... 637-41: "Arrêté ministériel du 5 juin 1946 portant fixation d'un système officiel d'orthographe luxembourgeois"". Archived from ...
STS-87
The variables for the proposed tests will be the frequency of the disturbance mechanism which will be either 2.5 Hz, 5 Hz, or ... The complement of microgravity research experiments is divided between two Mission-Peculiar Experiment Support Structures ( ... Freezer and the fixation hardware. Investigators in Ukraine and the United States selected the experiments as a model for ... The Confined Helium Experiment (CHeX) provides a test of theories of the influence of boundaries on matter by measuring the ...
Artillery
Survey: accurate fixation and orientation of the guns, historically this involved specialists within field artillery units and ... Later versions introduced induction fuze setting and testing instead of physically placing a fuze setter on the fuze. The ... complementing the clinometers for indirect laying in elevation which already existed. Despite conservative opposition within ... The Global Positioning System (GPS) provided a smaller and cheaper means of quick and accurate fixation for target acquisition ...
Radioallergosorbent test
Complement fixation test. *Immunocytochemistry. *Immunohistochemistry *Direct fluorescent antibody. *Epitope mapping. *Skin ... A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is a blood test using radioimmunoassay test to detect specific IgE antibodies, to determine ... Allergy Blood Testing - Lab Tests Online. *Radioallergosorbent+Test at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... However, skin testing techniques have improved. Most skin testing does not involve needles and typically skin testing results ...
Whooping cough
... complement fixation test).[35] The bacteria can be recovered from the person only during the first three weeks of illness, ... In 1925 Danish physician Thorvald Madsen was the first to test a whole-cell vaccine on a wide scale.[72] Madsen used the ... This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction.[5] ...
Immunoprecipitation
Complement fixation test. *Immunocytochemistry. *Immunohistochemistry *Direct fluorescent antibody. *Epitope mapping. *Skin ... As with all assays, empirical testing is required to determine which method is optimal for a given application. ...
Leadership
Fixation on trust results in folly. Dependence on the strength of courage results in violence. Excessive discipline and ... Testing a dual attachment model". Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 30 (1): 109-131. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(82) ... engage in behaviors that complement subordinates' environments and abilities in a manner that compensates for deficiencies and ...
Latex fixation test
A latex fixation test, also called a latex agglutination assay or test (LA assay or test), is an assay used clinically in the ... Singer JM, Edberg SC, Selinger M, Amram M (1979). "Quality control of the latex-fixation test". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 72 (4): ... Complement fixation test. *Immunocytochemistry. *Immunohistochemistry *Direct fluorescent antibody. *Epitope mapping. *Skin ... Latex+fixation+test at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
List of Six Feet Under characters
She and Nate become close friends, with Nate confiding to her his fears about his and Brenda's unborn child after blood tests ... Bettina's brash personality and Ruth's reserved nature complement each other and they form a strong friendship. She prides ... Billy has a strong fixation on Brenda's life and their relationship at times bordered on incest. ... After two weeks of Durrell testing the waters and Keith's patience, Keith believes it is time for the brothers to go. David ...
腦膜炎 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書
區分不同類型的腦膜炎還需要幾種其他的特殊檢測方法。乳膠凝集試驗(英語:Latex fixation test)可能由於肺炎鏈球菌、腦膜炎雙球菌、流感嗜血桿
Avian orthoreovirus
They can be confirmed using virus isolation, complement fixation, ELISA, immunodiffusion or histopathology (following ... The other four tests detect group antigens.[15] Maternal antibodies[edit]. Maternal antibodies have displayed protection ... Confirming infection of avian reovirus can be detected through an ELISA test by using and observing the expression of σC and σB ...
Cover crop
4) through the process of biological nitrogen fixation. Prior to the advent of the Haber-Bosch process, an energy-intensive ... The same was true when scientists tested seeding rates on legumes and oats; a higher density of seeds planted per acre ... pointing toward the need for detailed information on specific cover crop types and management practices to best complement a ... Jensen, E. S.; Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. (2003). "How can increased use of biological N-2 fixation in agriculture benefit the ...
Immunohistochemistry
Complement fixation test. *Immunocytochemistry. *Immunohistochemistry *Direct fluorescent antibody. *Epitope mapping. *Skin ... Furthermore, autofluorescence may be due to the nature of the tissue or the fixation method. These aspects of IHC tissue prep ... This requires proper tissue collection, fixation and sectioning. A solution of paraformaldehyde is often used to fix tissue, ... There are commercially available immunohistochemical tests, Dako HercepTest, Leica Biosystems Oracle[16] and Ventana Pathway.[ ...
Coccidioides immitis
Anticoccidioidal complement fixation IgG titers of 1:16 or higher. *Absence of dermal hypersensitivity to coccidioidal antigens ... Blood or urine tests are administered, which aim to discover Coccidioides antigens. However, because the Coccidioides creates a ... Susceptibility testing of Coccidioides species in one report revealed uniform susceptibility to most antifungal agents, ...
Nonverbal communication
ComplementingEdit. Accurate interpretation of messages is made easier when nonverbal and verbal communication complement each ... Their scores were the highest of any subgroup.[89] Rape victims were next tested. It was reported that women who had been raped ... The length of a gaze, the frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate are all important cues in ... In some subjects tested for ability to read nonverbal cues, intuitive paradigms were apparently employed while in others a ...
Mitochondrial DNA
"Hiring a DNA Testing Company Genealogy". Family Search. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 2016. Retrieved 2 ... Lehmann G, Segal E, Muradian KK, Fraifeld VE (April 2008). "Do mitochondrial DNA and metabolic rate complement each other in ... Nass MM, Nass S (December 1963). "INTRAMITOCHONDRIAL FIBERS WITH DNA CHARACTERISTICS: I. Fixation and Electron Staining ... Garlicki, Debbie (11 March 1998). "DNA Tests Got Rorrer Life in Jail". The Morning Call. Pellegrino, Peter; Thomas, Peter; ...
Royalty payment
But the strategic alliance could be a test of compatibility for the forming of a joint venture company and a precedent step. ... results from its fixation on physical media. Copyright owners of musical works are granted exclusive rights to license over-the ... it is non-interactive it does not exceed the sound recording performance complement it is accompanied by information on the ... Costs considered could include R&D expenditures, pilot-plant and test-marketing costs, technology upgrading expenses, patent ...
Inbreeding
Fixation of alleles most likely occurs through Muller's ratchet, when an asexual population's genome accumulates deleterious ... However, killing another male's cubs, upon the takeover, allows the new selected gene complement of the incoming alpha male to ... Lieberman D, Tooby J, Cosmides L (April 2003). "Does morality have a biological basis? An empirical test of the factors ... S2CID 881556.[page needed] Whitlock MC (June 2003). "Fixation probability and time in subdivided populations". Genetics. 164 (2 ...
Hemolysis
Intravascular hemolysis may occur when red blood cells are targeted by autoantibodies, leading to complement fixation, or by ... In vitro hemolysis during specimen collection can cause inaccurate laboratory test results by contaminating the surrounding ... potentially life-threatening disease of the blood characterized by complement-induced intravascular hemolytic anemia. Extrinsic ... red blood cells is much higher than in the plasma and so an elevated potassium level is usually found in biochemistry tests of ...
Index of biochemistry articles
... complement 3A - complement 5A - complement factor B - complement membrane attack complex - complement receptor - complex - ... Ames test - amide - amine - amino - amino acid - amino acid receptor - amino acid sequence - amino acid sequence homology - ... Carbon fixation - Carboxylic acid - carcinoembryonic antigen - carrier - carrier protein - CAS registry number - casein - ...
CSF coccidioides complement fixation test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
CSF coccidioides complement fixation is a test that checks for infection due to the fungus coccidioides in the cerebrospinal ( ... CSF coccidioides complement fixation is a test that checks for infection due to the fungus coccidioides in the cerebrospinal ( ... There, it is examined for coccidioides antibodies using a laboratory method called complement fixation. This technique checks ... For this reason, this test may be repeated several weeks after the first test. ...
Complement fixation test to C burnetii: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
... is a blood test that checks for infection due to bacteria called C burnetii, which causes Q fever. ... The complement fixation test to Coxiella burnetii (C burnetii) ... complement fixation test; C burnetii - complement fixation test ... The complement fixation test to Coxiella burnetii (C burnetii) is a blood test that checks for infection due to bacteria called ... Complement fixation (Cf) - serum. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St ...
Complement fixation test | Define Complement fixation test at Dictionary.com
... based on the fixing of a known quantity of complement to the antigen being tested and the specific antibody that combines with ... a test for diagnosing an infectious disease by detecting the presence of antibody in the blood, ... Origin of complement-fixation test. First recorded in 1910-15. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged ... complement fixation test. complement fixation test. noun. med a serological test for detecting the presence of a specific ...
Complement fixation test - Wikipedia
The complement fixation test is an immunological medical test that can be used to detect the presence of either specific ... "Animation Quiz 4 - Complement Fixation Test". highered.mheducation.com. C. Vaman Rao (2005). Immunology: a textbook. Alpha ... The basic steps of a complement fixation test are as follows: Serum is separated from the patient. Patients naturally have ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Complement+Fixation+Tests at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ...
DIAGNOSIS OF EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS BY COMPLEMENT-FIXATION TEST | Science
Complement fixation test to C burnetii - Scripps Health
... is a blood test that checks for infection due to bacterium called C burnetii, which causes Q... ... The complement fixation test to Coxiella burnetii (C burnetti) ... Complement fixation test to C burnetii. Complement fixation ... test to C burnetii. Definition. The complement fixation test to Coxiella burnetii (C burnetti) is a blood test that checks for ... How the Test is Performed. A blood sample is needed.. The sample is sent to a laboratory. There, a method called complement ...
Complement fixation test - Biology-Online Dictionary
The complement fixation test is an immunological test wherein the binding of the complement is observed to detect the presence ... The complement fixation test is a two-step process. The antibody from the patient serum and the antigen are mixed with fresh ... However, ELISA and PCR methods are now preferred over complement fixation test as serological method for clinical diagnosis. ... Retrieved from "https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/index.php?title=Complement_fixation_test&oldid=99558" ...
Immunotyping of different strains of Japanese encephalitis virus by antibody-absorption, haemagglutination-inhibition and...
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Micro-Kolmer Complement Fixation Test for Amebiasis
Results on 303 cases tested for amebiasis with this method show that an amebic complement fixation test can be useful in ... modification of the Kolmer-Wassermann complement fixation method, for the detection of Endamoeba histolytica antibodies is ... Results on 303 cases tested for amebiasis with this method show that an amebic complement fixation test can be useful in ... A Micro-Kolmer technique, modification of the Kolmer-Wassermann complement fixation method, for the detection of Endamoeba ...
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Quantitative Complement Fixation Test in Schistosomiasis Mansoni
The test was positive in 88.9% of the children and 89.3% of the adults. The titers obtained for the two age groups did not ... Summary Complement fixation tests with a purified extract of adult Schistosoma mansoni were performed by a quantitative ... Quantitative Complement Fixation Test in Schistosomiasis Mansoni * Authors: J. Pellegrino, J. L. Pedreira de Freitas ... Complement fixation tests with a purified extract of adult Schistosoma mansoni were performed by a quantitative technique with ...
THE CLINICAL APPLICATION OF THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST FOR GONORRHŒA | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Filarial complement-fixation test for pulmonary tropical eosinophilia with Ascaris antigen | Journal of Clinical Pathology
An automated complement fixation test for Brucella ovis in sheep | SciQuest
Clapp (1955) showed the complement fixation test (C.F.T.) for Brucella ovis in sheep to be well correlated to bacteriological ... This paper outlines the method of automation and its correlation with the manual test. Access to the full text of this article ... His observations were confirmed by Biberstein and McGowan (1958) who found the agglutination test to be less reliable than the ... and in the light of experience gained during the New Zealand Bovine Brucellosis Testing Scheme with automated serology, the ...
Texas Department of State Health Services - The complement fixation test
... test is based on the use of complement, a biological substance present in the sera of normal animals. Its great value is its ... The complement fixation test is based on the use of complement, a biological substance present in the sera of normal animals. ... render the complement fixation test rather difficult and time consuming. An actual test requires 2 days to complete. It is this ... In the Molecular and Serological Analysis Group a specially standardized complement fixation test, the Laboratory Branch ...
Detection of Antibodies against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri in Goats with the Complement Fixation Test
... was screened by the Complement Fixation test (CF) in sera from asymptomatic goats and animals with mild respiratory symptoms. ... The CF registered 251 positive goats (30.35%) and 576 (69.65%) negative; the test showed high sensitivity (93.33%) and ... the CF proved to be a good diagnosis test, this study determined that 30% of the goat population showed antibody titers against ... capri in Goats with the Complement Fixation Test. José L. Corona-Vargas1, Myrna A. Vicencio-Mallén1, Frida Salmerón-Sosa1, ...
A comparison of the complement fixation and immunofluorescent antibody tests in a survey of the prevalence ofBabesia equi...
... été recherchée par les tests de fixation du complément (CF) et des anticorps fluorescents (IFA). Deux séries déchantillons ... A group of animals tested within 4 months of importation gave 60.4% positive reactions by IFA and 62.5% by CF toB. equi; 6.3% ... The discrepancy between the results obtained by the 2 serological tests was probably due to the greater sensitivity of the IFA ... test and the faster decay of the antibodies detectable by the CF test. La présence danticorps contreBabesia equi etBabesia ...
Effects of phenol on card-agglutination and complement-fixation tests for bovine anaplasmosis. - Semantic Scholar
... and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) for bovine anaplasmosis were studied. Sera were obtained from 14 recently ... Aliquots of sera were tested with and without phenol (0.25% final concentration). Phenol adversely affected the CAT by causing ... Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) ... Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) ...
Complement fixation test - ?? ???? ???????? ????
Platelets Count Test. Fragility Test. Urine Culture. ??? :????? ??? ????????? ( Insulin). ??? : ???????? ????????? Sex Hormones ... Complement fixation test ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST ?????? ... Foam test, strip test And Ictotest for bilirubin Dr. Dr. ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? [Biochemistry & Hormones]. 4. 09-25-2009 ... The Complement System 2 Portrait. ?? ??????? ???????? [Immunology & Serology]. 6. 01-16-2011 07:24 PM. ...
Complement Fixation Test | Chronic Hepatitis
Complement fixation test, Gel diffusion test, infectious disease, Leptospirosis, Liver function test, liver infection, Nasal ... ammonia Appetite Loss blood test chronic infection coma dark urine Diarrhea disease DNA Fatigue fever Headache Hepatic ... Tagged as : Acute form, Animal inoculation test, canine health specialist, Canine Hepatitis, ... discharge, Neutralization test, Sore throat, Swollen lymph nodes, toxic, vaccinations, Warfarin poisoning. ...
HIE Multimedia - Complement fixation test to C burnetii
... complement fixation test; Coxiella burnetii - complement fixation test; C burnetii - complement fixation test. The complement ... This is why the test is called "fixation.". Complement. Complement is a blood test that measures the activity of certain ... Complement fixation (Cf) - serum. In: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, eds. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St ... Complement fixation test to C burnetii. Q fever - ... Tests for Complement fixation test to C burnetii. *Complement ...
Complement Fixation Test in Lymphogranuloma Venereum | Clara M. MCKEE
Diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum by complement-fixation test. With G.W. Rake and M.F. Shaffer. GM 5223. Binding: Paperback ... Complement Fixation Test in Lymphogranuloma Venereum.. 3 pages (pp. 410-413) IN: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental ... Diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum by complement-fixation test. With G.W. Rake and M.F. Shaffer. GM 5223.. Binding: ...
Complement Fixation Test : principle, procedure and interpretation | LaboratoryInfo.com
This test is based on the use of ... The complete fixation test (CFT) is used to detect the presence ... Principle of complement fixation test. It is the nature of the complement to be activated when there is formation of antigen- ... Complement Fixation Test : principle, procedure and interpretation. By Editorial Team on January 6, 2019 in Bacteriology, ... So the test is positive for presence of antibodies.. In the negative test : No Ag-Ab reaction occurs and the complement is free ...
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Search Results - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education
Complement Fixation Test. This animation demonstrates the complement fixation test for specific antibodies in a patients serum ... Could CBD Make You Fail a Drug Test?. This video explores the chemistry behind whether using cannabidiol (CBD)-a non- ... psychoactive compound produced by the marijuana plant-could make you fail a drug test. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical ...
Search Results - AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education
IMSEAR at SEARO: Comparative evaluation of indirect haemagglutination and complement fixation tests in serodiagnosis of...
ArboCat Virus: Bagaza (BAGV)
ArboCat Virus: Dabakala (DABV)
Orofacial clefts and infections during pregnancy | SpringerLink
Hemagglutination inhibition test. KFR. Complement fixation test. NIR. Indirect immunofluorescence assay. ELISA. Enzyme-linked ... Leck I, Steward J (1971) Further tests of hypothesis that influenza in pregnancy causes malformations. HSMHA Health Rep 86:265- ... Prince HE, Lapé-Nixon M (2014) Role of Cytomegalovirus IgG Avidity Testing in Diagnosing Primary CMV Infection during pregnancy ... enlinked immunosorbent assay and sensitive hemaglutination inhibition test. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 31:409-422PubMed ...
AntibodiesAntigensELISASerumImmunofluorescenceTiterDiagnosisFlocculationAssaysInhibitionAntigen-antibody complexesSeraDetectionSerodiagnosisLymphogranulomaAssayBrucellosisRose BengalSyphilisBovineImmunologicalBacteriaBordetHemolysisFluorescentSheepSpecificityDiagnosticEvaluationFetalNucleicGlandersClinicalDetectPulmonaryInfectionPresence of antibodyImmunoglobulinSerological testsParticular antigenActivateReactionsProteinsReliesResultsAntiserum
Antibodies35
- There, it is examined for coccidioides antibodies using a laboratory method called complement fixation. (medlineplus.gov)
- There, a method called complement fixation is used to check if the body has produced substances called antibodies to a specific foreign substance ( antigen ), in this case, C burnetii . (medlineplus.gov)
- An immunological test for determining the presence of a particular antibody in which serum is treated in a manner that allows existing antibodies to accept and bind to a known amount of antigen. (dictionary.com)
- The serum is heated in such a way that all of the complement proteins-but none of the antibodies-within it are destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
- This is possible because complement proteins are much more susceptible to destruction by heat than antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- However, if no antibodies against the antigen of interest are present, the complement will not be depleted and it will react with the sRBC-antibody complexes added in step 4, lysing the sRBCs and spilling their contents into the solution, thereby turning the solution pink. (wikipedia.org)
- While detection of antibodies is the more common test format, it is equally possible to test for the presence of antigen. (wikipedia.org)
- Antibody titer is a laboratory test that measures the level of antibodies in a blood sample. (scripps.org)
- A Micro-Kolmer technique, modification of the Kolmer-Wassermann complement fixation method, for the detection of Endamoeba histolytica antibodies is presented. (ajtmh.org)
- The complete fixation test (CFT) is used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in the patient's serum. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- To determine whether the complement has been fixed, sheep RBCs and antibodies against sheep RBCs are added. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- So the test is positive for presence of antibodies. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- This test determines whether antibodies to the Colorado tick fever virus are present in the blood. (aarp.org)
- A test apparatus for the determination of immunoassays of antigens and their antibodies which comprises a receptacle tray having a plurality of wells for receiving and samples, a holder for receiving and holding balls, coated with an immunologic composition and for depositing the balls into the wells. (google.com)
- Viral hepatitis, including so called serum hepatitis, which is a relatively common disease, has not been heretofore easily detected by a sensitive test which is both specific and reproducible for quickly determining whether or not the serum from a patient or a donor contains hepatitis associated antigens or antibodies. (google.com)
- A complement fixation test modified by the addition of porcine serum and an indirect haemagglutination test were used to detect antibodies to Pseudomonas pseudomallei in pigs. (qld.gov.au)
- Type 7 adenovirus was isolated from 14 children, and in the other 13, the rise in the titer of complement-fixing antibodies to adenovirus was fourfold or greater. (nih.gov)
- Eighty-four ovarian cancer (OCa) patients and 84 controls with nonmalignant conditions matched by age and ethnic origin were interviewed with regard to clinical mumps history and their sera were tested for complement fixation (CF) mumps antibodies. (nih.gov)
- Serological test , also called serology test or antibody test , any of several laboratory procedures carried out on a sample of blood serum (the clear liquid that separates from the blood when it is allowed to clot) for the purpose of detecting antibodies or antibody-like substances that appear specifically in association with certain diseases. (britannica.com)
- Some of the advantages and disadvantages of two serologic tests for antibodies are described in the following paragraphs. (cdc.gov)
- antiglobulin test (AGT) a test for nonagglutinating antibodies against red cells, using antihuman globulin antibody to agglutinate red cells coated with the nonagglutinating antibody. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The direct antiglobulin test detects antibodies bound to circulating red cells in vivo. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The indirect antiglobulin test detects serum antibodies that bind to red cells in an in vitro incubation step. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Plasma or serum from convalescing patients enhanced the infection of primate kidney cells by the Zaire virus, and this enhancement was mediated by antibodies to the viral glycoprotein and by complement component C1q. (asm.org)
- Here we present evidence indicating that antibodies able to enhance infectivity of authentic Ebola Zaire virus are produced in humans and propose a novel mechanism for this antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in which the complement protein C1q mediates the enhancement. (asm.org)
- The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's cell membrane . (wikipedia.org)
- The complement system can be recruited and brought into action by antibodies generated by the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
- In the early 20th century, this controversy was resolved when it became understood that complement can act in combination with specific antibodies, or on its own in a non-specific way. (wikipedia.org)
- The complement fixation test relies on obtaining parasites and blood with antibodies from infected live horses. (usda.gov)
- Strain RB51 apparently does not result in antibodies detectable by current serological tests. (fao.org)
- The recent development of specific assays for viral DNA and antibodies has expanded and improved the inventory of laboratory tests and opened new opportunities for use of MCF diagnostics. (mdpi.com)
- Antiechinococcus antibodies can be detected with serodiagnostic tests - indirect fluorescent antibody , complement fixation, ELISA , Western blot , and other methods. (wikipedia.org)
- This study was conducted to determine the serum antibodies against toxoplasma in swine from breeding-pig farm, pig farm and abattoir by latex agglutination(LA) test. (koreascience.or.kr)
- positive rates of toxoplasma antibodies in 823 swine sera were 17.0%(140 cases) by LA test. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Then there is the step of introducing AFP receptor antibodies or AFP into the patient to react with cancer cells in the patient if the testing indicates AFP receptor are in the patient. (freepatentsonline.com)
Antigens7
- These standardizations, which involve titrations of sheep red blood cells, hemolysin, complement, and antigens before the test proper can be performed, render the complement fixation test rather difficult and time consuming. (tx.us)
- It is this reason, as well as the fact that many of the test antigens and antisera are not available commercially, that the test is not often incorporated into the test program of the average clinical laboratory. (tx.us)
- Quantitatively standardized complement-fixation methods for critical evaluation of antigens prepared from Trypanosoma cruzi / José O. Almeida and Earl H. Fife. (who.int)
- Four ELISA tests are based on recombinant antigens (TssA, TssB, BimA and Hcp1), the IDVet ELISA is based on a semi-purified fraction of B. mallei and WB makes use of a purified LPS-containing B. mallei-antigen. (elsevier.com)
- agglutination test cells containing antigens to a given antibody are mixed into the solution being tested for a particular antibody, with agglutination indicative of antibody presence. (thefreedictionary.com)
- It is used in typing of erythrocyte antigens and in compatibility testing (cross-match). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Antigens for serological tests should be standardized against standard sera calibrated against the International Standard B. abortus serum. (fao.org)
ELISA6
- However, ELISA and PCR methods are now preferred over complement fixation test as serological method for clinical diagnosis. (biology-online.org)
- p = 0.000) and a high correspondence between high RBT scores and positive FPA results suggesting that sera with high RBT score may not require confirmation with tests such as competitive-ELISA or CFT. (springer.com)
- They can be differentiated by various serological tests, including the virus neutralization test (VNT), the complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (fao.org)
- The reactivity of positive samples should be confirmed by the complement fixation test or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), both of which can also be used for both screening and confirmation. (fao.org)
- The milk ring test and indirect ELISA performed on bulk milk samples are effective for screening and monitoring dairy cattle for brucellosis, but are less reliable in large herds and less sensitive with B. melitensis . (fao.org)
- Indirect methods include immunological test like skin tests and complement fixation tests or more specific tests like immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). (hubpages.com)
Serum22
- Complement fixation (Cf) - serum. (medlineplus.gov)
- The complement fixation test is an immunological medical test that can be used to detect the presence of either specific antibody or specific antigen in a patient's serum, based on whether complement fixation occurs. (wikipedia.org)
- The complement system is a system of serum proteins that react with antigen-antibody complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- The basic steps of a complement fixation test are as follows: Serum is separated from the patient. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients naturally have different levels of complement proteins in their serum. (wikipedia.org)
- To negate any effects this might have on the test, the complement proteins in the patient's serum must be destroyed and replaced by a known amount of standardized complement proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- A known amount of standard complement proteins are added to the serum. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus when the sRBC-antibody complexes are added in step 4, there will be no complement left in the serum. (wikipedia.org)
- The test can be made quantitative by setting up a series of dilutions of patient serum and determining the highest dilution factor that will still yield a positive CF test. (wikipedia.org)
- The antibody from the patient serum and the antigen are mixed with fresh complement. (biology-online.org)
- Furthermore, to rule out cross reaction during complement fixation (CF), it was also performed with polyclonal serum against mycoides subsp. (scirp.org)
- This test is based on the use of complement, a Biologically labile serum factor that causes the immune cytolysis i.e. lysis of antibody coated cells. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- The first step is to heat the serum at 56°C to destroy patient's complement. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- A measured amount of complement and antigen are then added to the serum. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- If there is presence of antibody in the serum, the complement is fixed due to the formation of Ag-Ab complex. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- And although the serum lost its power to kill the red cells when heated to 55 degrees centigrade, its potency was restored when alexine (or complement) was added. (faqs.org)
- When red cells were added to a normal serum mixed with a specific form of bacteria in a test tube, the bacteriaremained active while the red cells were destroyed through the fixation of alexine. (faqs.org)
- 293 and Vero E6 cells were grown in Dulbecco's minimal Eagle's medium complemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, l -glutamine, and antibiotics. (asm.org)
- Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins , and cell membrane receptors . (wikipedia.org)
- Please provide 0.1 ml serum per test. (criver.com)
- Please provide 0.025 ml serum per hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. (criver.com)
- The serum agglutination test is inferior to other tests in specificity and sensitivity, and is not recommended if other procedures are available. (fao.org)
Immunofluorescence2
- Cell culture, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, direct and indirect immunofluorescence methods, and the quick diagnosis test are all valuable approaches for the diagnosis of influenza. (intechopen.com)
- Evaluation of the indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests for the serodiagnosis of. (biomedsearch.com)
Titer2
- 2) A complement fixation test to determine the immunoglobulin G titer. (ca.gov)
- These tests are reliable in determining immune status in healthy persons but may not be as reliable in determining the immune status of immunocompromised persons in whom a positive but low titer may not correlate with protection. (aappublications.org)
Diagnosis10
- In the specific case of diagnosis for mycoplasmosis associated with respiratory problems in goats, the CF proved to be a good diagnosis test, this study determined that 30% of the goat population showed antibody titers against Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. (scirp.org)
- Diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum by complement-fixation test. (argosybooks.com)
- Effectiveness of Rose Bengal test and fluorescence polarization assay in the diagnosis of Brucella spp. (springer.com)
- Your doctor can make a Colorado tick fever diagnosis by doing a physical examination and performing various laboratory tests. (aarp.org)
- Antigen selection is of critical importance with regard to the specificity and sensitivity of these methods, especially the serological and rapid diagnosis tests. (intechopen.com)
- The steps involved in the workup of a patient include naming, meshing, office testing, specific and nonspecific laboratory tests, specialty consultations, therapeutic tests, and diagnosis and treatment. (medscape.com)
- Complement fixation and circumoval precipitin reactions for diagnosis and as tests of core in schistosomiasis. (bvsalud.org)
- Serological testing is particularly helpful in the diagnosis of certain bacterial, parasitic, and viral diseases, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever , influenza , measles , polio , yellow fever , and infectious mononucleosis . (britannica.com)
- Therefore, the use of a combination of antibody- and antigen-detection methods for the diagnosis of chlamydiosis is recommended, particularly when only one bird is tested. (cdc.gov)
- A variety of laboratory tests for diagnosis of histoplasmosis, including fungal culture, histopathology, serologic tests, antigen detection, and molecular methods, have different sensitivities based on clinical manifestations and host status (9). (thefreelibrary.com)
Flocculation2
- There are different types of serological tests-for example, flocculation tests, neutralization tests, hemagglutinin-inhibition tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and chemiluminescence immunoassays. (britannica.com)
- Among flocculation tests, complement-fixation tests are the most common. (britannica.com)
Assays1
- Serologic tests include enzyme immunoassay (EIA), latex agglutination (LA), indirect fluorescent antibody, and fluorescent antibody membrane antigen assays. (aappublications.org)
Inhibition2
- Fedová O, Bručková M, Plesník V, Slonim D, Šejda J, Švandová E, Kubínová I (1987) Detection of postvaccination mumps virus antibody by neutralization test, enlinked immunosorbent assay and sensitive hemaglutination inhibition test. (springer.com)
- However, hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization tests identified Powassan virus (POW) as the pathogen. (nih.gov)
Antigen-antibody complexes2
- It is the nature of complement not to react with an antigen or an antibody alone but to enter into combination with antigen-antibody complexes. (tx.us)
- The classical complement pathway typically requires antigen-antibody complexes for activation (specific immune response), whereas the alternative pathway can be activated by spontaneous C3 hydrolysis, foreign material, pathogens, or damaged cells. (wikipedia.org)
Sera6
- Complement fixation tests with a purified extract of adult Schistosoma mansoni were performed by a quantitative technique with the sera of 216 children (10 to 15 years of age) and 84 adults (20 to 40 years of age) passing eggs of S. mansoni in their stools. (ajtmh.org)
- The complement fixation test is based on the use of complement, a biological substance present in the sera of normal animals. (tx.us)
- The serological profile of the goat population, from nine regions in seven states of Mexico, was screened by the Complement Fixation test (CF) in sera from asymptomatic goats and animals with mild respiratory symptoms. (scirp.org)
- Effects of adding phenol to sera used for the card-agglutination test (CAT) and for the micro-complement-fixation test (CFT) for bovine anaplasmosis were studied. (semanticscholar.org)
- The accuracy of the complement fixation test (CFT) which is prescribed for international trade by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), five ELISAs and a Western blot (WB) were compared for serodiagnosis of glanders using sera from 3,000 glandersfree and 254 glanderous equids. (elsevier.com)
- Sera were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test and complement fixation test. (who.int)
Detection5
- His observations were confirmed by Biberstein and McGowan (1958) who found the agglutination test to be less reliable than the C.F.T. in this respect, and stressed the usefulness of the C.F.T. in the detection of asymptomatic shedders of the organism and animals in the incubation stages of the disease. (sciquest.org.nz)
- Bordet was also responsible for developing complement fixation tests,which made possible the early detection of many disease-causing bacteria in human and animal blood. (faqs.org)
- As a practical mass-screening tool, serological testing has proved valuable in the detection of diseases such as syphilis , HIV / AIDS , and epidemic and pandemic infectious diseases (e.g., influenza and coronavirus disease). (britannica.com)
- Comparison of commercial enzyme immunoassay kits with plaque reduction neutralization test for detection of measles virus antibody. (asm.org)
- and developing the complement fixation test still in use for the detection and differentiation of rickettsial diseases such as endemic and epidemic typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Q fever. (nih.gov)
Serodiagnosis2
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Comparative evaluation of indirect haemagglutination and complement fixation tests in serodiagnosis of cysticercosis. (who.int)
- Serodiagnosis of the disease is challenging because of false-positive and false-negative test results. (elsevier.com)
Lymphogranuloma1
- On a complement fixation test, all patients with lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) have complement-fixing antibody titers higher than 1:16. (medscape.com)
Assay3
- In this study, the usefulness of the complement fixation assay was assessed to determine the serological status of nine regions. (scirp.org)
- The effectiveness of Rose Bengal test (RBT) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) in diagnosing cattle brucellosis in endemic areas was assessed and RBT and FPA test agreement was compared (n = 319). (springer.com)
- Validation of a fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) performed in microplates and comparison with other tests used for diagnosing B. melitensis infection in sheep and goats. (springer.com)
Brucellosis4
- The manual C.F.T. places considerable demands on trained and experienced laboratory staff, and in the light of experience gained during the New Zealand Bovine Brucellosis Testing Scheme with automated serology, the test for Brucella ovis has been automated. (sciquest.org.nz)
- Analysis of 506 consecutive positive serologic tests for brucellosis in Saudi Arabia. (springer.com)
- The demonstration by modified acid-fast or immunospecific staining of organisms of Brucella morphology in abortion material or vaginal discharges provides presumptive evidence of brucellosis, especially if supported by serological tests. (fao.org)
- Diagnostic consideration of brucellosis was confirmed by complement fixation test (CFT). (srce.hr)
Rose Bengal1
- The buffered Brucella antigen tests (Rose Bengal plate agglutination test and buffered plate agglutination test) are suitable for screening herds and individual animals. (fao.org)
Syphilis2
- 20 Therefore, all patients with syphilis represent a critical HIV prevention opportunity and should be counseled and encouraged to undergo HIV testing. (glowm.com)
- Syphilis remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy, despite the continued sensitivity of T. pallidum to penicillin, the widespread availability of inexpensive, accurate tests, and substantial efforts to encourage routine screening through early prenatal care. (glowm.com)
Bovine1
- Effects of phenol on card-agglutination and complement-fixation tests for bovine anaplasmosis. (semanticscholar.org)
Immunological2
- The complement fixation test is an immunological test wherein the binding of the complement is observed to detect the presence of an antigen or antibody as a result of their interaction. (biology-online.org)
- Another immunological test is the brucellin skin test, which can be used for screening unvaccinated herds, provided that a standardized allergen preparation (e.g., brucellin INRA) is available. (fao.org)
Bacteria4
- The complement fixation test to Coxiella burnetii ( C burnetii ) is a blood test that checks for infection due to bacteria called C burnetii, which causes Q fever . (medlineplus.gov)
- Although there have been methods for determining the presence of antigenically active macromolecules such as intact viruses, virus capsids, subunits, bacteria, membranes, cell walls, hormones, etc., there has been a lack of a simple yet sensitive test method and apparatus for determining the presence of these materials. (google.com)
- Moreover,the bacteriolysis did not take place when the bacteria and the antiserum weremixed in a test tube unless fresh antiserum was used. (faqs.org)
- Genetic material used in the new tests can be grown in bacteria. (usda.gov)
Bordet1
- Ehrlich believed that each antigen-specific amboceptor has its own specific complement, whereas Bordet believed that there is only one type of complement. (wikipedia.org)
Hemolysis5
- When the patient antibody is absent, the complement will be able to bind to the antibody-coated sheep cells and cause hemolysis. (biology-online.org)
- But when the antibody is present, the antigen-antibody complex binds to the complement, and therefore, no hemolysis will occur. (biology-online.org)
- 100% hemolysis was regarded with two units of complement (UC), and two hemolysis units in Triethanolamine Buffer Solution (TBS), pH 7.2. (scirp.org)
- The available complement is fixed by Ag-Ab complex and no hemolysis of sheep RBCs occurs. (laboratoryinfo.com)
- This free complement binds to the complex of sheep RBC and it's antibody to cause hemolysis, causing the development of pink color. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Fluorescent1
- In an area of El Salvador moderately endemic for malaria, use of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) showed that 44% of the infants born to mothers who had IFA responses to Plasmodium vivax of 1:20 or higher during the latter part of their pregnancy had positive IFA responses of 1:10 or higher to this antigen. (biomedsearch.com)
Sheep1
- Clapp (1955) showed the complement fixation test (C.F.T.) for Brucella ovis in sheep to be well correlated to bacteriological findings in cases where lesions were minimal or absent. (sciquest.org.nz)
Specificity5
- The lack of specificity of complement allows it to react with almost any antigen-antibody complex. (tx.us)
- Sensitivity and specificity of tests were estimated using cut-off values recommended by the test developers. (elsevier.com)
- The sensitivity and specificity values were 79.3 and 99.5% and 82.8 and 93.2% for the modified complement fixation and haemagglutination tests, respectively. (qld.gov.au)
- When used with cloacal or fecal smears, the sensitivity and specificity of the test are questioned by some authorities. (cdc.gov)
- coccidioidomycosis tests to ensure comparable sensitivity and specificity among laboratories, among other things. (ca.gov)
Diagnostic3
- Charles River offers a wide array of avian diagnostic and regulatory testing services, including serological profiling, virus isolation and vaccine testing. (criver.com)
- VMRD, a Pullman company that produces diagnostic test kits, plans to sell the tests under a patent license within the next 5 years. (usda.gov)
- This section provides a summary of identification, serological and other tests, vaccines and diagnostic biologicals drawn from Chapter 2.3.1 of the OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines (OIE, 2000). (fao.org)
Evaluation1
- Evaluation of three disk tests for identification of enterococci, leuconostocs, and pediococci. (asm.org)
Fetal1
- alkali denaturation test a spectrophotometric method for determining the concentration of fetal (F) hemoglobin. (thefreedictionary.com)
Nucleic3
- Sputum can be tested with DNA probes (nucleic acid hybridization). (brainscape.com)
- Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from symptomatic individuals for nucleic acid testing. (health.gov.au)
- The use of an expanded "gold standard" with a second NAA test that targets a different gene ( 78 , 79 ) is needed to accurately validate new nucleic acid-based techniques since culture may lack sufficient sensitivity. (asm.org)
Glanders1
- Some of this activity, such as the production of mallein used in testing horses for glanders, was an outgrowth of operations during World War I. Another activity of the laboratories was the use of their personnel in the Medical Department's training program, particularly at the Army Medical Center. (army.mil)
Clinical2
- automated reagin test (ART) a modification of the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test for use with automated analyzers used in clinical chemistry. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Also reviewed are methods for recognition and prevention of false-positive and false-negative results, evaluations of new and old tests, and clinical applications. (asm.org)
Detect2
- This test is done to detect Q fever. (medlineplus.gov)
- The methods detect the response of the microorganisms to the test substrates. (google.com)
Pulmonary1
- Six of the ten children with normal chest x-ray films and ten of the 12 with abnormal chest roentgenograms had abnormal pulmonary function tests. (nih.gov)
Infection5
- CSF coccidioides complement fixation is a test that checks for infection due to the fungus coccidioides in the cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid. (medlineplus.gov)
- This test checks if your central nervous system has an active infection from coccidioides. (medlineplus.gov)
- If the test is positive for fungus, there may be an active infection in the central nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
- Further testing may be needed to distinguish between current, previous, and long-term (chronic) infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- The PHU monitored outbreak progression and provided recommendations on infection control, laboratory testing and use of antivirals. (health.gov.au)
Presence of antibody1
- a test for diagnosing an infectious disease by detecting the presence of antibody in the blood, based on the fixing of a known quantity of complement to the antigen being tested and the specific antibody that combines with it. (dictionary.com)
Immunoglobulin1
- 1) An immunodiffusion test to determine the presence of immunoglobulin M antibody or immunoglobulin G antibody. (ca.gov)
Serological tests1
- Brucellin preparations for the intradermal test must be free of lipopolysaccharide and must not produce non-specific inflammatory reactions or interfere with serological tests. (fao.org)
Particular antigen1
- Therefore, in this test procedure, unless complement is fixed by the particular antigen and antibody system in question, it will remain free to react as an indicator, resulting in a "negative" test. (tx.us)
Activate2
- Ames test a strain of Salmonella typhimurium that lacks the enzyme necessary for histidine synthesis is cultured in the absence of histidine and in the presence of the suspected mutagen and certain enzymes known to activate procarcinogens. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Three biochemical pathways activate the complement system: the classical complement pathway , the alternative complement pathway , and the lectin pathway . (wikipedia.org)
Reactions1
- A single testing method may not be adequate because of the diversity of reactions with immunoglobulins from the various avian species. (cdc.gov)
Proteins5
- The complement proteins will react with these complexes and be depleted. (wikipedia.org)
- Complement is a blood test that measures the activity of certain proteins in the liquid portion of your blood. (adam.com)
- These tests evaluate how well the liver is working by measuring levels of proteins, liver enzymes, and bilirubin in the blood. (aarp.org)
- The complement system consists of a number of small proteins found in the blood, in general synthesized by the liver , and normally circulating as inactive precursors ( pro-proteins ). (wikipedia.org)
- Most of the proteins and glycoproteins that constitute the complement system are synthesized by hepatocytes . (wikipedia.org)
Relies1
- Saturation analysis relies upon progressive saturation by the test compound of a specific reagent. (google.co.uk)
Results7
- Results on 303 cases tested for amebiasis with this method show that an amebic complement fixation test can be useful in intestinal amebiasis and in obscure cases in which no amebae can be detected in the stools. (ajtmh.org)
- When results from the combination of both tests were considered, the values were 86.2 and 92.8%, respectively. (qld.gov.au)
- A major problem with serologic testing is the interpretation of results. (cdc.gov)
- When specimens are obtained from a single bird, serologic testing is most useful when a) signs of disease and the history of the flock or aviary are considered and b) serologic results are compared with the white blood cell counts and liver-enzyme activities. (cdc.gov)
- That can be costly, because horses must be quarantined while they are awaiting test results and must often be retested to ensure accurate results. (usda.gov)
- The new tests rely on molecular techniques that give more accurate results. (usda.gov)
- Test results for HIV and antinuclear antibody were negative. (thefreelibrary.com)
Antiserum1
- This polyclonal antiserum was evaluated by double immunodiffusion test (DIT) and counter-immune electrophoresis (CIE) against Mycoplasma bovis, Acholeplasma laidlawii and Ureaplasma diversum. (scirp.org)