Complement factor b. Medical search

A glycine-rich, heat-labile serum glycoprotein that contains a component of the C3 CONVERTASE ALTERNATE PATHWAY (C3bBb). Bb, a serine protease, is generated when factor B is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR D into Ba and Bb.

A component of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C2 is cleaved by activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C2B and COMPLEMENT C2A. C2a, the COOH-terminal fragment containing a SERINE PROTEASE, combines with COMPLEMENT C4B to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).

An important soluble regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). It is a 139-kDa glycoprotein expressed by the liver and secreted into the blood. It binds to COMPLEMENT C3B and makes iC3b (inactivated complement 3b) susceptible to cleavage by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I. Complement factor H also inhibits the association of C3b with COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form the C3bB proenzyme, and promotes the dissociation of Bb from the C3bBb complex (COMPLEMENT C3 CONVERTASE, ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY).

A serum protein which is important in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. This enzyme cleaves the COMPLEMENT C3B-bound COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form C3bBb which is ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE.

The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constituent of the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb), and COMPLEMENT C5 CONVERTASES in both the classical (C4b2a3b) and the alternative (C3bBb3b) pathway. C3b participates in IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION and enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS. It can be inactivated (iC3b) or cleaved by various proteases to yield fragments such as COMPLEMENT C3C; COMPLEMENT C3D; C3e; C3f; and C3g.

A serine protease that is the complex of COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT FACTOR BB. It cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT C3 into COMPLEMENT C3A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEMENT C3B in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.

A plasma serine proteinase that cleaves the alpha-chains of C3b and C4b in the presence of the cofactors COMPLEMENT FACTOR H and C4-binding protein, respectively. It is a 66-kDa glycoprotein that converts C3b to inactivated C3b (iC3b) followed by the release of two fragments, C3c (150-kDa) and C3dg (41-kDa). It was formerly called KAF, C3bINF, or enzyme 3b inactivator.

Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.

Venoms from snakes of the genus Naja (family Elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that have cytotoxic, hemolytic, neurotoxic, and other properties. Like other elapid venoms, they are rich in enzymes. They include cobramines and cobralysins.

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

A glycoprotein that is important in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C4 is cleaved by the activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C4A and COMPLEMENT C4B.

Endogenous proteins that inhibit or inactivate COMPLEMENT C3B. They include COMPLEMENT FACTOR H and COMPLEMENT FACTOR I (C3b/C4b inactivator). They cleave or promote the cleavage of C3b into inactive fragments, and thus are important in the down-regulation of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION and its cytolytic sequence.

C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Physiologically inactive substances that can be converted to active enzymes.

The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.

A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

Molecules on the surface of some B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q, and C4b components of complement.

Serine proteases that cleave COMPLEMENT C3 into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, or cleave COMPLEMENT C5 into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. These include the different forms of C3/C5 convertases in the classical and the alternative pathways of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Both cleavages take place at the C-terminal of an ARGININE residue.

Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

A 63-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by gene C9. Monomeric C9 (mC9) binds the C5b-8 complex to form C5b-9 which catalyzes the polymerization of C9 forming C5b-p9 (MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) and transmembrane channels leading to lysis of the target cell. Patients with C9 deficiency suffer from recurrent bacterial infections.

Serum proteins that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host. The complement system is tightly regulated by inactivators that accelerate the decay of intermediates and certain cell surface receptors.

A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.

The smaller fragment generated from the cleavage of complement C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. C3a, a 77-amino acid peptide, is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION, and HISTAMINE RELEASE from MAST CELLS and LEUKOCYTES. C3a is considered an anaphylatoxin along with COMPLEMENT C4A; COMPLEMENT C5A; and COMPLEMENT C5A, DES-ARGININE.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Enzymes that activate one or more COMPLEMENT PROTEINS in the complement system leading to the formation of the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX, an important response in host defense. They are enzymes in the various COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION pathways.

A 53-kDa protein that is a positive regulator of the alternate pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). It stabilizes the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb) and protects it from rapid inactivation, thus facilitating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION and the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Individuals with mutation in the PFC gene exhibit properdin deficiency and have a high susceptibility to infections.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A 302-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactivated (iC3b) and its alpha chain is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I into C3c, and C3dg (955-1303) in the presence COMPLEMENT FACTOR H. Serum proteases further degrade C3dg into C3d (1002-1303) and C3g (955-1001).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Molecular sites on or in some B-lymphocytes and macrophages that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3B. The primary structure of these receptors reveal that they contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, with their extracellular portion composed entirely of thirty short consensus repeats each having 60 to 70 amino acids.

A screening assay for circulating COMPLEMENT PROTEINS. Diluted SERUM samples are added to antibody-coated ERYTHROCYTES and the percentage of cell lysis is measured. The values are expressed by the so called CH50, in HEMOLYTIC COMPLEMENT units per milliliter, which is the dilution of serum required to lyse 50 percent of the erythrocytes in the assay.

Compounds that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host.

A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.

The first complement component to act in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. It is a calcium-dependent trimolecular complex made up of three subcomponents: COMPLEMENT C1Q; COMPLEMENT C1R; and COMPLEMENT C1S at 1:2:2 ratios. When the intact C1 binds to at least two antibodies (involving C1q), C1r and C1s are sequentially activated, leading to subsequent steps in the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.

The large fragment formed when COMPLEMENT C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. The membrane-bound C4b binds COMPLEMENT C2A, a SERINE PROTEASE, to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).

A transcriptional elongation factor complex that is comprised of a heterodimer of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 9 and one of several CYCLINS including TYPE T CYCLINS and cyclin K. It functions by phosphorylating the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA POLYMERASE II.

A G-protein-coupled receptor that signals an increase in intracellular calcium in response to the potent ANAPHYLATOXIN peptide COMPLEMENT C5A.

A 105-kDa serum glycoprotein with significant homology to the other late complement components, C7-C9. It is a polypeptide chain cross-linked by 32 disulfide bonds. C6 is the next complement component to bind to the membrane-bound COMPLEMENT C5B in the assembly of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. It is encoded by gene C6.

A 206-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactivated (iC3b) and its alpha chain is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I into C3c (749-954), and C3dg (955-1303) in the presence COMPLEMENT FACTOR H.

A 93-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by C7 gene. It is a polypeptide chain with 28 disulfide bridges. In the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; C7 is the next component to bind the C5b-6 complex forming a trimolecular complex C5b-7 which is lipophilic, resembles an integral membrane protein, and serves as an anchor for the late complement components, C8 and C9.

Complement activation triggered by the interaction of microbial POLYSACCHARIDES with serum MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN resulting in the activation of MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED SERINE PROTEASES. As in the classical pathway, MASPs cleave COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 to form C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

An endogenous 105-kDa plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the LIVER and MONOCYTES. It inhibits a broad spectrum of proteases, including the COMPLEMENT C1R and the COMPLEMENT C1S proteases of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY, and the MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED SERINE PROTEASES. C1-INH-deficient individuals suffer from HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPES I AND II.

A 150-kDa serum glycoprotein composed of three subunits with each encoded by a different gene (C8A; C8B; and C8G). This heterotrimer contains a disulfide-linked C8alpha-C8gamma heterodimer and a noncovalently associated C8beta chain. C8 is the next component to bind the C5-7 complex forming C5b-8 that binds COMPLEMENT C9 and acts as a catalyst in the polymerization of C9.

Mutations of the type A domain of complement factor B that promote high-affinity C3b-binding. (1/379)

Factor B is a zymogen that carries the catalytic site of the complement alternative pathway convertases. During C3 convertase assembly, factor B associates with C3b and is cleaved at a single site by factor D. The Ba fragment is released, leaving the active complex, C3bBb. During the course of this process, the protease domain becomes activated. The type A domain of factor B, also part of Bb, is similar in structure to the type A domain of the complement receptor and integrin, CR3. Previously, mutations in the factor B type A domain were described that impair C3b-binding. This report describes "gain of function" mutations obtained by substituting factor B type A domain amino acids with homologous ones derived from the type A domain of CR3. Replacement of the betaA-alpha1 Mg2+ binding loop residue D254 with smaller amino acids, especially glycine, increased hemolytic activity and C3bBb stability. The removal of the oligosaccharide at position 260, near the Mg2+ binding cleft, when combined with the D254G substitution, resulted in increased affinity for C3b and iC3b, a C3b derivative. These findings offer strong evidence for the direct involvement of the type A domain in C3b binding, and are suggestive that steric effects of the D254 sidechain and the N260-linked oligosaccharide may contribute to the regulation of ligand binding. (+info)

Complement activity in middle ear effusions. (2/379)

Evidence for complement utilization in middle ear fluids (MEF) from patients with otitis media with effusion was sought. It was found that cleavage products of C3, C4 and Factor B could be demonstrated immunochemically in MEF, and that native C3 was present in much lower concentrations than other proteins, relative to their serum concentrations. Haemolytic assays for C1-C5 showed that early complement components are inactivated in MEF. Potential mechanisms for complement utilization in MEF are discussed. (+info)

Alterations in C3 activation and binding caused by phosphorylation by a casein kinase released from activated human platelets. (3/379)

A casein kinase released from activated human platelets phosphorylates a number of plasma proteins extracellularly, and that activation of platelets in systemic lupus erythematosus patients parallels an increase in the phosphate content of plasma proteins, including C3. The present study was undertaken to characterize this platelet protein kinase and to further elucidate the effect(s) on C3 function of phosphorylation by platelet casein kinase. The phosphate content of human plasma C3 was increased from 0.15 to 0.60 mol phosphate/mol of C3 after platelet activation in whole blood or platelet-rich plasma. The platelet casein kinase was distinct from other casein kinases in terms of its dependence on cations, inhibition by specific protein kinase inhibitors, and immunological reactivity. C3 that had been phosphorylated with platelet casein kinase was tested for its susceptibility to cleavage by trypsin or the classical and alternative pathway convertases and its binding to EAC and IgG. Phosphorylation did not affect the cleavage of C3 into C3a and C3b, but the binding of fragments from phosphorylated C3 to EAC14oxy2 cells and to IgG in purified systems and in serum was increased by 1.6-4.5 times over that of unphosphorylated C3. A covariation was seen between the enhanced binding of C3 fragments to IgG after phosphorylation and an increased ratio of glycerol/glycine binding, from 2.0 for unphosphorylated C3 to 4.9 for phosphorylated C3. The present study suggests that an overall effect of phosphorylation of C3 by platelet casein kinase is to enhance the opsonization of immune complexes. (+info)

Pneumococcal surface protein A inhibits complement activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. (4/379)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a surface-exposed protein virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, no significant depletion of serum complement was observed for the serum of mice infected with pneumococci that express PspA. In contrast, in mice infected with an isogenic strain of pneumococci lacking PspA, significant activation of serum complement was detected within 30 min after infection. Also, the PspA-deficient strain but not the PspA-expressing strain was cleared from the blood within 6 h. The contribution of PspA to pneumococcal virulence was further investigated by using mice deficient for C5, C3, or factor B. In mice deficient for C3 or factor B, PspA-negative pneumococci became fully virulent. In contrast, in C5-deficient mice as in wild-type mice, PspA-deficient pneumococci were avirulent. These in vivo data suggest that, in nonimmune mice infected with pneumococci, PspA interferes with complement-dependent host defense mechanisms mediated by factor B. Immunoblots of pneumococci opsonized in vitro suggested that more C3b was deposited on PspA-negative than on PspA-positive pneumococci. This was observed with and without anticapsular antibody. Furthermore, processing of the alpha chain of C3b was reduced in the presence of PspA. We propose that PspA exerts its virulence function by interfering with deposition of C3b onto pneumococci and/or by inhibiting formation of a fully functional alternative pathway C3 convertase. By blocking recruitment of the alternative pathway, PspA reduces the amount of C3b deposited onto pneumococci, thereby reducing the effectiveness of complement receptor-mediated pathways of clearance. (+info)

Production and functional activity of a recombinant von Willebrand factor-A domain from human complement factor B. (5/379)

Factor B is a five-domain 90 kDa serine protease proenzyme which is part of the human serum complement system. It binds to other complement proteins C3b and properdin, and is activated by the protease factor D. The fourth domain of factor B is homologous to the type A domain of von Willebrand Factor (vWF-A). A full-length human factor B cDNA clone was used to amplify the region encoding the vWF-A domain (amino acids 229-444 of factor B). A fusion protein expression system was then used to generate it in high yield in Escherichia coli, where thrombin cleavage was used to separate the vWF-A domain from its fusion protein partner. A second vWF-A domain with improved stability and solubility was created using a Cys(267)-->Ser mutation and a four-residue C-terminal extension of the first vWF-A domain. The recombinant domains were investigated by analytical gel filtration, sucrose density centrifugation and analytical ultracentrifugation, in order to show that both domains were monomeric and possessed compact structures that were consistent with known vWF-A crystal structures. This expression system and its characterization permitted the first investigation of the function of the isolated vWF-A domain. It was able to inhibit substantially the binding of (125)I-labelled factor B to immobilized C3b. This demonstrated both the presence of a C3b binding site in this portion of factor B and a ligand-binding property of the vWF-A domain. The site at which factor D cleaves factor B is close to the N-terminus of both recombinant vWF-A domains. Factor D was shown to cleave the vWF-A domain in the presence or absence of C3b, whereas the cleavage of intact factor B under the same conditions occurs only in the presence of C3b. (+info)

Sodium butyrate blocks interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced biosynthesis of MHC class III gene products (complement C4 and factor B) in human fetal intestinal epithelial cells. (6/379)

Human intestinal epithelial cells have been established as local sites for complement biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of IFN-gamma and sodium butyrate on biosynthesis of MHC class III gene products (complement C4 and factor B) in the human fetal intestinal epithelial cell line INT-407. IFN-gamma induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in C4 and factor B secretion. However, sodium butyrate dose-dependently inhibited IFN-gamma-induced C4 and factor B secretion. These effects were also observed at the mRNA level. Immunoblotting indicated that IFN-gamma induced a rapid activation of Stat1alpha, and fluorescence immunohistochemistry detected a translocation of Stat1alpha into the nucleus within 1 h. However, the translocation of Stat1alpha was not affected by the addition of sodium butyrate. Nuclear run-on assay indicated that IFN-gamma induced a weak increase in the transcription rate of factor B gene, and sodium butyrate did not affect this response. IFN-gamma and sodium butyrate induced a counter-regulatory effect on C4 and factor B secretion: IFN-gamma acted as a potent inducer, but sodium butyrate potently abrogated these responses. These are mainly regulated through the post-transcriptional mechanism. (+info)

Counter-regulatory effect of sodium butyrate on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced complement C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. (7/379)

The various biological activities of butyrate have been well documented. In this study, we tested the effects of butyrate on TNF-alpha-induced complement C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. The biosynthesis of C3, factor B and IL-8 was evaluated at the protein and mRNA levels. To evaluate transcriptional activation, the nuclear run-on assay was performed. The transcription factor-DNA binding activity was assessed by an electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA). In the intestinal epithelial cell lines HT-29, T84 and Caco-2, sodium butyrate enhanced TNF-alpha-induced C3 secretion, but suppressed TNF-alpha-induced factor B and IL-8 secretion. Nuclear run-on assay revealed that transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are involved in the effects of sodium butyrate. The EMSAs indicated that sodium butyrate suppressed TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB- and activation protein (AP)-1-DNA binding activity, but enhanced TNF-alpha-induced activation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)beta (NF-IL-6)-DNA binding activity. Sodium butyrate induced a counter-regulatory effect on TNF-alpha-induced C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. Butyrate action has been discussed with its activity to induce histone hyperacetylation, but its counter-regulatory effect on complement biosynthesis may be closely associated with the modulation of transcription factor activation. (+info)

Mutational analysis of the primary substrate specificity pocket of complement factor B. Asp(226) is a major structural determinant for p(1)-Arg binding. (8/379)

Factor B is a serine protease, which despite its trypsin-like specificity has Asn instead of the typical Asp at the bottom of the S(1) pocket (position 189, chymotrypsinogen numbering). Asp residues are present at positions 187 and 226 and either one could conceivably provide the negative charge for binding the P(1)-Arg of the substrate. Determination of the crystal structure of the factor B serine protease domain has revealed that the side chain of Asp(226) is within the S(1) pocket, whereas Asp(187) is located outside the pocket. To investigate the possible role of these atypical structural features in substrate binding and catalysis, we constructed a panel of mutants of these residues. Replacement of Asp(187) caused moderate (50-60%) decrease in hemolytic activity, compared with wild type factor B, whereas replacement of Asn(189) resulted in more profound reductions (71-95%). Substitutions at these two positions did not significantly affect assembly of the alternative pathway C3 convertase. In contrast, elimination of the negative charge from Asp(226) completely abrogated hemolytic activity and also affected formation of the C3 convertase. Kinetic analyses of the hydrolysis of a P(1)-Arg containing thioester by selected mutants confirmed that residue Asp(226) is a primary structural determinant for P(1)-Arg binding and catalysis. (+info)

PSAP Complement component 4, partial deficiency of; 120790; C1NH Complement factor H deficiency; 609814; HF1 Complement factor ... GLA Factor V and factor VIII, combined deficiency of; 227300; MCFD2 Factor V deficiency; 227400; F5 Factor XI deficiency, ... F11 Factor XII deficiency; 234000; F12 Factor XIIIA deficiency; 613225; F13A1 Factor XIIIB deficiency; 613235; F13B Failure of ... LCAT Fletcher factor deficiency; 612423; KLKB1 Focal cortical dysplasia, Taylor balloon cell type; 607341; TSC1 Focal dermal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

"OMIM Entry - * 300383 - COMPLEMENT FACTOR PROPERDIN; CFP". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2022-03-24. editor., Leung, Donald Y. M., ... The gene responsible for the production of properdin, Complement Factor Properdin (CFP), lies on the X-chromosome at the ... Properdin deficiency is a rare X-linked disease in which properdin, an important complement factor responsible for the ... Pertaining to complement deficiencies, there is no cure and the treatments for complement deficiencies vary widely. The best ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properdin_deficiency

Like complement factor H, CFHR5 is able to bind to complement C3. A mutation in CHFR5 was found in patients with the disease ... "Entrez Gene: CFHR5 complement factor H-related 5". McRae JL, Duthy TG, Griggs KM, et al. (2005). "Human factor H-related ... 2006). "Variations in the complement regulatory genes factor H (CFH) and factor H related 5 (CFHR5) are associated with ... Complement factor H-related protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR5 gene. CFHR5 is structurally related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFHR5

"Cellular adhesion mediated by factor J, a complement inhibitor. Evidence for nucleolin involvement". The Journal of Biological ... Nucleolin is also able to act as a transcriptional coactivator with Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleolin

... is produced when complement factor I cleaves C3b. Complement receptors on white blood cells are able to bind iC3b, so iC3b ... thus preventing amplification of the complement cascade through the alternative pathway. Complement factor I can further cleave ... iC3b is a protein fragment that is part of the complement system, a component of the vertebrate immune system. ... v t e (Complement system, All stub articles, Biochemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC3b

Complement factors are decreased in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus arthritis. Microscopic analysis of synovial fluid is ... Jay, GD; Britt, DE; Cha, CJ (March 2000). "Lubricin is a product of megakaryocyte stimulating factor gene expression by human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid

Calippe, Bertrand; Guillonneau, Xavier; Sennlaub, Florian (March 2014). "Complement factor H and related proteins in age- ... A SNP in the F5 gene causes Factor V Leiden thrombophilia. rs3091244 is an example of a triallelic SNP in the CRP gene on human ... Other factors, like genetic recombination and mutation rate, can also determine SNP density. SNP density can be predicted by ... LD can be affected by two parameters (among other factors, such as population stratification): 1) The distance between the SNPs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism

Overall this protein shows similarity to the complement 1Q factors (C1Q). However, when the 3-dimensional structure of the ... "The crystal structure of a complement-1q family protein suggests an evolutionary link to tumor necrosis factor". Current ... Renaldi O, Pramono B, Sinorita H, Purnomo LB, Asdie RH, Asdie AH (January 2009). "Hypoadiponectinemia: a risk factor for ... A low level of adiponectin is an independent risk factor for developing: Metabolic syndrome Diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiponectin

The Factor H-related protein 1 (FHR1) has been identified as a novel inhibitor of the complement pathway. FHR1 blocks C5 ... Apparently Factor H and FHR1 control complement activation in a sequential manner. In hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the ... 2009). "Factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1) inhibits complement C5 convertase activity and terminal complex formation". Blood. ... Factor B then binds to C3b and is cleaved by a plasma serine protease Factor D. The C3bBb complex (= alternative pathway C3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5-convertase

Malhotra R, Ward M, Sim RB, Bird MI (July 1999). "Identification of human complement Factor H as a ligand for L-selectin". The ... The embryo secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which downregulates anti-adhesion factor, MUC-1, located on the uterine ... Human sell consists of 10 exons and its transcription factor is FOXO 1, on the other hand the mouse sell gene is composed of 9 ... an adjacent epidermal growth factor-like domain, two to the consensus repeat units homologous to those found in C3/C4-binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-selectin

April 2005). "Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration". Science. 308 (5720): 419-21 ... Some of the factors that should be considered are the level of efficacy of various genetic tests in the general population, ... Combining molecular scale information with macro-scale clinical data, such as patients' tumor type and other risk factors, ... 2 July 2015). "Race/Ethnic Differences in the Associations of the Framingham Risk Factors with Carotid IMT and Cardiovascular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalized_medicine

Diaz-Guillen MA, Rodriguez de Cordoba S, Heine-Suner D (Jul 1999). "A radiation hybrid map of complement factor H and factor H- ... CFHR4 complement factor H-related 4". Hageman GS, Hancox LS, Taiber AJ, et al. (2007). "Extended Haplotypes in the Complement ... Complement factor H-related protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR4 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... 2000). "Functional properties of complement factor H-related proteins FHR-3 and FHR-4: binding to the C3d region of C3b and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFHR4

Complement factor H-related protein 2) at the PDBe-KB. Zipfel PF, Skerka C (1994). "Complement factor H and related proteins: ... Díaz-Guillén MA, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Heine-Suñer D (1999). "A radiation hybrid map of complement factor H and factor H- ... "Two additional human serum proteins structurally related to complement factor H. Evidence for a family of factor H-related ... Complement factor H-related protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFHR2

BCX9930, an oral Factor D inhibitor for the treatment of complement-mediated diseases. FDA has granted Fast Track designation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioCryst_Pharmaceuticals

Opsonins include Mfge8, Gas6, Protein S, antibodies and complement factors C1q and C3b. Phagoptosis has multiple functions ... Pathogenic cells such as bacteria can be opsonised by antibodies or complement factors, enabling their phagocytosis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagoptosis

1989). "20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ... When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the ... Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain ... 1992). "Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD59

... factor H, factor HR1 or HR3, membrane cofactor protein, factor I, factor B, complement C3, and thrombomodulin). This results in ... The complement system activation may be due to mutations in the complement regulatory proteins (factor H, factor I, or membrane ... of complement can result from production of anti-factor H autoantibodies or from genetic mutations in any of several complement ... "Platelet-associated complement factor H in healthy persons and patients with atypical HUS". Blood. 114 (20): 4538-4545. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_hemolytic_uremic_syndrome

Lee FJ, Moss J, Vaughan M (1992). "Human and Giardia ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) complement ARF function in Saccharomyces ... ADP-ribosylation factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF5 gene. ADP-ribosylation factor 5 (ARF5) is a member ... Shin, O H; Exton J H (August 2001). "Differential binding of arfaptin 2/POR1 to ADP-ribosylation factors and Rac1". Biochem. ... Tsuchiya M, Price SR, Tsai SC, Moss J, Vaughan M (March 1991). "Molecular identification of ADP-ribosylation factor mRNAs and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARF5

"Entrez Gene: CFHR3 complement factor H-related 3". Zipfel PF, Skerka C (1994). "Complement factor H and related proteins: an ... Diaz-Guillen MA, Rodriguez de Cordoba S, Heine-Suner D (Jul 1999). "A radiation hybrid map of complement factor H and factor H- ... Complement factor H-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFHR3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... 2000). "Complement factor H: sequence analysis of 221 kb of human genomic DNA containing the entire fH, fHR-1 and fHR-3 genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFHR3

Lee FJ, Moss J, Vaughan M (1992). "Human and Giardia ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) complement ARF function in Saccharomyces ... ADP-ribosylation factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF4 gene. ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4) is a member ... "ADP-ribosylation factor 4 small GTPase mediates epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent phospholipase D2 activation". J. ... "ADP-ribosylation factor 4 small GTPase mediates epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent phospholipase D2 activation". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARF4

Complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) nephropathy is a form of inherited kidney disease which is endemic in Cyprus and ... 26 August 2010). "Identification of a mutation in complement factor H-related protein 5 in patients of Cypriot origin with ... "Recurrence of Complement Factor H-Related Protein 5 Nephropathy in a Renal Transplant". American Journal of Transplantation. 11 ... This is evidence that the disease is caused by a problem with alternative complement pathway regulation, rather than activation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFHR5_nephropathy

Lee FJ, Moss J, Vaughan M (1992). "Human and Giardia ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) complement ARF function in Saccharomyces ... ADP-ribosylation factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF3 gene. ADP-ribosylation factor 3 (ARF3) is a member ... Williger BT, Provost JJ, Ho WT, Milstine J, Exton JH (July 1999). "Arfaptin 1 forms a complex with ADP-ribosylation factor and ... Lee CM, Haun RS, Tsai SC, Moss J, Vaughan M (1992). "Characterization of the human gene encoding ADP-ribosylation factor 1, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARF3

Complement 3 (C3) through its interaction with factors B and D (adipsin) generates C3a. In the human body, C3a is rapidly ... Complement peptide C5a, C4a, and C3a receptors". Pharmacol. Rev. 65 (1): 500-43. doi:10.1124/pr.111.005223. PMID 23383423. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acylation_stimulating_protein

Some HLA alleles have been suspected along with complement phenotypes as being genetic factors. Non-aggressive Berger's disease ... Hence the decision on which patients to treat should be based on the prognostic factors and the risk of progression. Also, IgA ... Associations described include those with C4 null allele, factor B Bf alleles, MHC antigens and IgA isotypes. ACE gene ... Proteinuria and hypertension are the most powerful prognostic factors in this group. There are certain other features on kidney ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgA_nephropathy

Lake Maracaibo and its basin are factors that complement each other to produce high rainfall. However, for the specific case of ... The soils of Zulia State, framed within the depression of Lake Maracaibo, are the result of the interaction of factors such as ... was its factor and governor of: the Province Ambrosio Dalfinger, the first conqueror of those regions. His expedition from Coro ... which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard. The state of Zulia occupies an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulia

While the production of C3 (a complement factor) increases in the liver, the plasma concentration often lowers because of an ... Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, complement factors, ... Alpha 2-macroglobulin and coagulation factors affect coagulation, mainly stimulating it. This pro-coagulant effect may limit ... and they also cause the production of platelet-activating factor and IL-6. After stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute-phase_protein

Complement levels and rheumatoid factor activity should additionally be assessed given the pathophysiology of cryoglobulinemia ... The immunoglobulins in either cryoglobulinemia type have rheumatoid factor activity, allowing binding of the Fc subunit of IgM ... Inflammation within these obstructed blood vessels is due to the deposition of complement proteins which activate inflammatory ... cryoglobulinemia causes a hyperviscosity syndrome without complement activation. The large majority of cases of cryogloulinemic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoglobulinemic_vasculitis

BTA-TRAK is a sandwich ELISA which also detects human complement factor H-related protein. Sensitivities across biomarkers ... In addition to these major risk factors there are also numerous other modifiable factors that are less strongly (i.e. 10-20% ... including human complement factor H-related protein, high-molecular-weight carcinoembryonic antigen, and nuclear matrix protein ... BTA-STAT is a dipstick immunoassay for detection of human complement factor H-related protein. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer

... complement factor properdin) gene. Properdin is plasma glycoprotein that activates the complement system of the innate immune ... Properdin also inhibits the Factor H - mediated cleavage of C3b by Factor I. The alternative pathway is not dependent on ... The properdin promotes the association of C3b with Factor B and provides a focal point for the assembly of C3bBb on a surface. ... Hourcade D (2006). "The Role of Properdin in the Assembly of the Alternative Pathway C3 Convertases of Complement". J Biol Chem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properdin

Porins are also recognized by TLR2, they bind complement factors (C3b, C4b, factor H, and C4bp (complement factor 4b-binding ... Porins are also an important factor for complement inhibition for both pathogenic and commensal species. Porins are important ... Close contact with a carrier is the predominant risk factor. Other risk factors include a weakened general or local immune ... Factor H binding protein (fHbp) that is exhibited in N. meningitidis and some commensal species is the main inhibitor of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neisseria_meningitidis

T-bet is a distinctive transcription factor of TH1 cells. TH1 cells are also characterized by the expression of chemokine ... Groups 1 ILCs are defined to include ILCs expressing the transcription factor T-bet and were originally thought to only include ... Recently, there have been a large amount of NKp46+ cells that express certain master [transcription factor]s that allow them to ... Lymphocytic adaptive immune system and complement. Lymphoid. Antigens. *Antigen *Superantigen. *Allergen. *Antigenic variation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity

Boeing and British Airways complete deal for four 777-200ERs; Boeing 777 is logical complement to British Airways' wide-body ... un factor clave pa ganar executivos a los sos competidores tresatlánticos. Anque la compañía nun presentó númberos concretos, ...

https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Airways

Lake Maracaibo and its basin are factors that complement each other to produce high rainfall. However, for the specific case of ... The soils of Zulia State, framed within the depression of Lake Maracaibo, are the result of the interaction of factors such as ... Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented ... was its factor and governor of: the Province Ambrosio Dalfinger, the first conqueror of those regions. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulia

Factors including the quest for more efficient ships, the end of long running and wasteful maritime conflicts, and the ... These were complemented by paddlers, who usually positioned themselves on platforms on the outriggers in the larger boats.[17][ ... Shipboard equipment varies from ship to ship depending on such factors as the ship's era, design, area of operation, and ... The removal of a weather ship became a negative factor in forecasts leading up to the Great Storm of 1987.[60] Beginning in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship

The major factors affecting how a business is organized are usually: *The size and scope of the business firm and its structure ... "Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements?". Strategic Management Journal. 23 (8): ... A few relevant factors to consider in deciding how to operate a business include: *General partners in a partnership (other ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_enterprise

Growth factor receptor binding proteins and phospholipase Cγ are examples of proteins that have SH2 domains.[24]. *Src homology ... tools have been developed to simplify the difficult task of visualizing molecular interaction networks and complement them with ... LIM domains were initially identified in three homeodomain transcription factors (lin11, is11, and mec3). In addition to this ... The Y2H is based on the functional reconstitution of the yeast transcription factor Gal4 and subsequent activation of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction

where α is the load factor, n/m.[20] History[edit]. The term hash offers a natural analogy with its non-technical meaning (to ... One is the strict avalanche criterion: whenever a single input bit is complemented, each of the output bits changes with a 50% ... High table loading factors, pathological key sets and poorly designed hash functions can result in access times approaching ... good performance under high table loading factors, and in special cases, perfect (collisionless) mapping of keys into hash ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

Taking the relative complement of sets. (. A. ∖. B. ). ∖. C. ≠. A. ∖. (. B. ∖. C. ). {\displaystyle (A\backslash B)\backslash C ... In the absence of the associative property, five factors a, b,c, d, e result in a Tamari lattice of order four, possibly ... For instance, a product of four elements may be written, without changing the order of the factors, in five possible ways: *(( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associativity

Clustered Band 3 proteins with attached antibodies activate complement, and complement C3 fragments are opsonins recognized by ... The factors that dictate whether an infection triggers a Th1 or Th2 type response are not fully understood, but the response ... Over the last century, two important factors have been developed to combat their spread: sanitation and immunization.[5] ... These antibodies bind to antigens, making them easier targets for phagocytes, and trigger the complement cascade.[2] About 10% ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system

Another factor affecting the price is the presence of electronics, such as condenser microphones, volume and tone controls, or ... Jeune's flutina resembles Wheatstone's concertina in internal construction and tone colour, but it appears to complement ... In describing or pricing an accordion, the first factor is size, expressed in number of keys on either side. For a piano type, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkordeon

Separation of unsaturated isomers is possible by silver ion complemented thin-layer chromatography.[45][46] Other separation ... "SREBP-1c Transcription Factor and Lipid Homeostasis: Clinical Perspective". Hormone Research. 68 (2): 72-82. doi:10.1159/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid

... or complement them, by bringing passengers to interchanges. Paratransit is sometimes used in areas of low demand and for people ... "Various factors contribute to the under-appreciation of transit safety benefits, including the nature of transit travel, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transportation

The authority of the micos was complemented by the clan mothers, mostly women elders. The Muscogee had a matrilineal kinship ... They worked as traders and factors. ... By virtue of their ancestry and upbringing, they had greater cultural, social, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee

Negating the argument complements the fractional part: {. x. }. +. {. −. x. }. =. {. 0. if x. ∈. Z. 1. if x. ∉. Z. .. {\ ... Factors of factorials[edit]. Let n be a positive integer and p a positive prime number. The exponent of the highest power of p ... The reason for this is historical, as the first machines used ones' complement and truncation was simpler to implement (floor ... is simpler in two's complement). FORTRAN was defined to require this behavior and thus almost all processors implement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions

Lei factors aguent permés una tala integracion dau can dins la societat umana son en partida desconeguts. L'estudi de l'ADN ... Un regim alimentari equilibrat es compausat de 30% a 50% de carn e d'un complement fach de produchs farinós e de lieumes verds ...

https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gos

One of the underlying factors influencing their decision was the distance Churchill and Stalin would need to travel for ... Additional offensives were also discussed to complement the undertaking of Operation Overlord, including the possible allied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Conference

The report shared that climate change adaptation should complement mitigation efforts.[125] Adaptation is the approach that ... The causes include "more dangerous fire weather conditions, increased risk factors associated with pyroconvection, including ... Adaptation to climate change will complement action to reduce greenhouse gases".[129] ... other socio-political factors place them at risk for climate change impacts.[9] Indigenous people have been portrayed as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_Australia

Complement receptor 1）、BIN1（英语：BIN1）、MS4A（英语：Membrane-spanning 4A）、ABCA7（英语：ABCA7）、EPHA1（英语：EPHA1）和CD2AP[51]。研究也發現TREM2（英语： ... 不同神經滋養因子（英语：neurotrophic factor）（如脑源性神经营养因子）的分布變化，以及其受體的表現狀況，都曾有研究指出與阿茲海默症有關[115][116]。 ... Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease. The American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. 2007, 16 (3): 143-49. PMID ... Martin C, Solís

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/阿茲海默病

Another example is given by the divisibility (or "is-a-factor-of") relation ,. For two natural numbers n and m, we write n,m if ... Partial orders with complements, or poc sets,[1] are posets with a unique bottom element 0, as well as an order-reversing ... The set complement on a powerset is an example of an antitone function. ... Conversely, the coarsest topology that induces the specialization order is the upper topology, having the complements of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_theory

It is widely accepted that there is a factor within the tissues of the first branchial arch that is necessary for the ... The location of the canines reflect their dual function as they complement both the premolars and incisors during chewing. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_anatomy

In between these steps there are external factors acting as distractions, these factors are called noise. Noise distorts the ... Adjusting or decreasing the product price has a profound impact on the sales of the product, and should complement the other ... The final factor to explain is education: what (if any) school they attended, and what standard of education they attained, ... "Larger business has been using unconventional marketing to complement their advertising campaigns, even then some marketers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_campaign

The U.S. Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory measured a ballistic coefficient (G7 BC) of 0.200 and form factor (G7 i) of 1.105 ... Round, 7.62mm Tracer, L45A1: Tracer round complement to L44A1[54]. *Round, 7.62mm Ball, L59A1: 155-grain (10.0 g) "High ... Round, 7.62mm Tracer, L5A1-A5: Tracer round complement to L2, designed to last out to 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). Four subvariants ... Cartridge, 7.62mm Blank, L43A1: Blank training round complement to L44A1. *Round, 7.62mm Ball, L44A1: 144-grain (9.3 g) ball ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7.62×51mm_NATO

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creek_Confederacy

The architectural program at the University of Pennsylvania stood out to him.[19] The other major factor was Hollywood. Pei was ... Pei decided that a pyramid was "most compatible" with the other structures at the Louvre, complementing their roofs' faceted ... joined by lower structures and complemented by two underground levels. The complex uses many elements of cubist design, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._M._Pei

A fully understood cause to the disease is unknown, as are factors that increase the risk of its appearance. Suggestions of a ... The most recommended fundoplication to complement Heller myotomy is Dor fundoplication, which consists of a 180- to 200-degree ... Risk factors. Inconclusive, but possibly: history of autoimmune disorders, air-hunger that accompanies anxiety, faulty eating ... factors affecting functional results". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 80 (4): 1191-1195. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.04.008 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achalasia

... and that not every solvmanifold can be factored into a direct product of a compact solvmanifold with R. n. {\displaystyle \ ... Möbius counter, a shift register whose output bit is complemented before being fed back into the input bit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moebius_strip

and the polynomial Xq − X factors as X. q. −. X. =. ∏. a. ∈. F. (. X. −. a. ). .. {\displaystyle X^{q}-X=\prod _{a\in F}(X-a).} ... factors into linear factors over a field of order q. More precisely, this polynomial is the product of all monic polynomials of ... In fact, if P is an irreducible factor over GF(p) of Xq − X, its degree divides n, as its splitting field is contained in GF(pn ... By factoring the cyclotomic polynomials over GF(2), one finds that: *The six primitive 9th roots of unity are roots of X. 6. + ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_field

In 2018, to complement protected areas across landscapes and seascapes, the term 'other effective area-based conservation ... 2016). "Why do we lose protected areas? Factors influencing protected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement in the ... their restricted role in preventing the many factors affecting biodiversity, such as climate change, invasive species, and ... Other effective area-based conservation measures complement protected areas across landscapes, seascapes, and river basins.[35] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_area

... lower activity of the complement system, and a different set of pentraxins involved in the inflammatory process; and lack genes ... or conduct experiments that exclude genetic variation as a factor. In contrast, outbred populations are used when identical ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_mouse

There are various factors that may affect elasticity, and these factors differ for the types of elasticity. ... The related goods that may be used to determine sensitivity can be complements or substitutes.[5] Finding a high-cross price ... Alternatively, we may also determine the factors affecting demand elasticity by considering three "Intuitive factors. Firstly, ... Factors Affecting Price Elasticity of DemandEdit. If a product has various available substitutes that exist in the market, it ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_

Complement factor I deficiency is a disorder that affects the immune system. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this ... or absent complement factor I. The lack (deficiency) of functional complement factor I protein allows uncontrolled activation ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/complement-factor-i-deficiency/ Complement factor I deficiency. ... Complement factor I and several related proteins protect healthy cells by preventing activation of the complement system when ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/complement-factor-i-deficiency/

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?authority=Complement+Factor+B&type=mesh

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Complement+Factor+B&type=mesh

Quantitate human Factor D in plasma, serum and supernatant. Sensitivity: 4 pg/mL ... Complement Factor D/Adipsin Human ELISA Kit from Invitrogen (96 Tests). ... Adipsin, C3 convertase activator, Properdin factor D, Complement factor D, complement factor D (adipsin), complement factor D ... The Human Complement Factor D (Adipsin/CFD) ELISA quantitates Hu Complement Factor D in human serum, plasma, or cell culture ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/elisa/product/Complement-Factor-D-Adipsin-Human-ELISA-Kit/EHCFD

Complement Component C3 and Complement Factor B Promote Growth of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 2017;187:1186 ... We demonstrate that the plasma complement factor B (CFB) is a TME-related biomarker for THCA18. High CFB expression indicated ... Our data showed a significant correlation between plasma complement factor B (CFB) and PTC development and prognosis. In ... Prognostic potential of the preoperative plasma complement factor B in resected pancreatic cancer: A pilot study. Cancer ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-510321/v1

The Utility of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 (TTF-1), Napsin A, Excision Repair Cross-Complementing 1 (ERCC1), Anaplastic ... Retrospective Study to Identify Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Mortality Using the Modified Early Warn... Med Sci Monit In ... A Prospective Questionnaire-Based Study to Evaluate Factors Affecting the Decision to Receive COVID-19 Vacc... Med Sci Monit In ... Retrospective Evaluation of Hematological and Clinical Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality in 170 Pati... Med Sci Monit In ...

https://medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/899378

... such as those in complement factor H, as well as local and systemic alterations in components of the complement pathway, in ... Factor D is an essential enzyme that mediates activation of the complement AP.2 Danicopan (ALXN2040, ACH-0144471, ACH-4471) is ... Danicopan, an Oral Complement Factor D Inhibitor, Exhibits High and Sustained Exposure in Ocular Tissues in Preclinical Studies ... Danicopan, an Oral Complement Factor D Inhibitor, Exhibits High and Sustained Exposure in Ocular Tissues in Preclinical Studies ...

https://tvst.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2783791

Terminal complement components mediate release of von Willebrand factor and adhesion of platelets in arteries of allografts. ... Terminal complement components mediate release of von Willebrand factor and adhesion of platelets in arteries of allografts. / ... Terminal complement components mediate release of von Willebrand factor and adhesion of platelets in arteries of allografts. In ... Terminal complement components mediate release of von Willebrand factor and adhesion of platelets in arteries of allografts. ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/terminal-complement-components-mediate-release-of-von-willebrand--3

Effects of complement activation products on the synthesis of decay accelerating factor and membrane cofactor protein by human ... Dive into the research topics of Effects of complement activation products on the synthesis of decay accelerating factor and ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effects-of-complement-activation-products-on-the-synthesis-of-dec/fingerprints/

Complement factor D, also known as adipsin, is a serine protease that is indispensable for the initiation of complement ... Complement factor D deficiency is associated with low activity of the alternative complement pathway and low capacity to ... Human complement factor D is synthesized as a 253 amino acid precursor that contains a signal peptide (aa 1-20), a five-residue ... Human adipsin is identical to complement factor D and is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue. J Biol Chem. 1992; 267: ...

https://nexelis.com/our-services/biomarkers/menu/adipsin-complement-factor-d/

MCE提供Complement Factor D/Adipsin蛋白, Human (HEK293, Fc)，体外功能蛋白活性验证，出色的批间稳定性， ... Adipsin; C3 convertase activator; Complement factor D; CFD; PFD; DF; ADN; FACTOR D; AMBP-1; EC 3.4.21; EC 3.4.21.46 ... Complement Factor D/Adipsin 蛋白, Human (HEK293, Fc) 目录号: HY-P78545 Data Sheet 产品使用指南 ... Complement Factor D/Adipsin Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc).

https://www.medchemexpress.cn/recombinant-proteins/complement-factor-d-adipsin-protein-human-hek293-fc.html

Background: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with autoantibodies to complement factor H is an important cause of ... Plasma Exchanges and Immunosuppression for Anti-complement Factor H Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Indian Pediatrics. ... Plasma Exchanges and Immunosuppression for Anti-complement Factor H Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. ... thrombotic microangiopathy and elevated levels of anti-complement factor H antibodies. Intervention: Prompt initiation of ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/170862

Inhibitors of complement Factor D or B are also being studied. [33] Yuan et al reported that two novel small-molecule ... Small-molecule factor D inhibitors selectively block the alternative pathway of complement in paroxysmal nocturnal ... In the Ham test, using cells from PNH patients, the Factor D inhibitors significantly reduced complement-mediated hemolysis at ... Complement Inhibition. Three monoclonal antibodies that target complement have been approved for use in PNH. Eculizumab and ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/207468-treatment

Anti-Complement factor 8 beta/C8B antibody [EPR23764-1] (ab278045) Description:. Rabbit monoclonal [EPR23764-1] to Complement ...

https://www.abcam.com/products?selected.researchAreas=Immunology--Innate+Immunity--Complement

Recombinant Human Complement factor H is produced by our Mammalian expression system and the target gene encoding Glu19-Leu449 ...

https://www.bonopusbio.com/product-page/recombinant-human-complement-factor-h-cfh-c-6his

Complement factor H-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in monozygotic twins: Concordant presentation, discordant ... We describe monozygotic female twins who presented at 5 years of age with factor H-related (c.3572 , T; Ser1191Leu) atypical ...

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/90976

Blocking Complement Factor B Activation Reduces Renal Injury and Inflammation in a Rat Brain Death Model. Neeltina M. Jager*, ... Blocking Complement Factor B Activation Reduces Renal Injury and Inflammation in a Rat Brain Death Model. / Jager, Neeltina M ... Blocking Complement Factor B Activation Reduces Renal Injury and Inflammation in a Rat Brain Death Model. Frontiers in ... Blocking Complement Factor B Activation Reduces Renal Injury and Inflammation in a Rat Brain Death ModelFinal publishers ...

https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/blocking-complement-factor-b-activation-reduces-renal-injury-and-

"Increased plasma complement factor H is associated with geriatric depression",. abstract = "Background:: Complement factor H ( ... Background:: Complement factor H (CFH) plays a key role in regulating the cascade of the alternative pathway of the complement ... keywords = "alternative pathway, complement factor H, complement system, geriatric depression",. author = "Cheolmin Shin and ... Complement factor H (CFH) plays a key role in regulating the cascade of the alternative pathway of the complement system. ...

https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/increased-plasma-complement-factor-h-is-associated-with-geriatric

Primary: complement. Persistent complement, properdin, or Factor B deficiency. None. Pneumococcal. Meningococcal. Hib (children ... Persons with functional or anatomic asplenia (including sickle cell disease), HIV infection and persistent complement component ... Persons with functional or anatomic asplenia (including sickle cell disease) and persistent complement component deficiency ( ... Other immunosuppressive medications include human immune mediators like interleukins and colony-stimulating factors, immune ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/immunocompetence.html

Human Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9A(C1QTNF9) ELISA kit ...

https://www.doronscientific.com/product-page/human-complement-c1q-tumor-necrosis-factor-related-protein-9a-c1qtnf9-elisa-kit

Increased plasma complement factor H is associated with geriatric depression - Volume 31 Issue 1 ... Complement factor H (CFH) plays a key role in regulating the cascade of the alternative pathway of the complement system. ... Complement factor serum and plasma levels measured by a MILLIPLEX ® Magnetic Bead Panel: A reply . Scandinavian Journal of ... Kopp, A., Hebecker, M., Svobodova, E. and Jozsi, M. (2012). Factor H: a complement regulator in health and disease, and a ...

http://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/abs/increased-plasma-complement-factor-h-is-associated-with-geriatric-depression/9868CAB1B1F5126F659B0F6D4EB0946C

The human Complement Factor H protein family consists of the complement and immune regulators factor H, the factor H-like ... Human CFHR5(Complement Factor H Related Protein 5) ELISA Kit Human CFHR5(Complement Factor H Related Protein 5) ELISA Kit. To ... Description: Complement Factor H-Related Protein 2 (CFHR2) is a secreted protein that belongs to the complement factor H ... Description: Complement Factor H-Related 1 (CFHR1) is a 43 kDa secreted member of the factor H family of glycoproteins. ...

https://www.operatiebrp.nl/human-cfhr5complement-factor-h-related-protein-5-elisa-kit/

Low complement factor H (i.e., ,70%). 3/69 (4.3). Low complement factor I (i.e., ,70%). 1/69 (1.4). ... Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Sellier-Leclerc A-L, Vieira-Martins P, Limou S, Kwon T, Lahoche A, et al. Complement gene variants and Shiga ... Wong CS, Mooney JC, Brandt JR, Staples AO, Jelacic S, Boster DR, et al. Risk factors for the hemolytic uremic syndrome in ... characterization of isolates and identification of risk factors for haemolytic uremic syndrome. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:324. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/7/20-4638-t2

Complement factor H variant increases the risk of age-related macular degeneration. Science. 2005 Apr 15. 308(5720):419-21. [ ... Complement factor H polymorphism and age-related macular degeneration. Science. 2005 Apr 15. 308(5720):421-4. [QxMD MEDLINE ... Complement factor H variant Y402H is a major risk determinant for geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization in ... Gold B, Merriam JE, Zernant J. Variation in factor B (BF) and complement component 2 (C2)genes is associated with age-related ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1226030-3431/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-phototherapy-agents-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-exudative-wet-age-related-macular-degeneration-amd

... inhibits the alternative complement pathway by accelerating decay of the convertase enzymes formed by C3b and factor B. We show ... Interaction with the proenzynie C3bB was investigated by flowing factor B across a C3b-coated surface in the absence of factor ... suggesting that a time-dependent conformational transition stabilized the C3b-factor B interaction. Activation by factor D ( ... A convertase assembled with cobra venom factor and Bb was decayed by DAF, albeit far less efficiently than C3bBb. DAF did not ...

https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/147680

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Those two factors complement one another.. Zahra and millions like her wont stop supporting freedom and calling for an open, ... Writing for RFE/RLs Radio Farda, Akbar Ganji, a prominent opposition figure, points to two important factors, among others, ...

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Stress factor related to reception of Ukrainian refugees and host in Europe.pdf ... Stress Factor related to the reception of Ukrainian refugees and hosts in Europe - Carine Duray-Parmentier, Into J Complement ... Télécharger Stress factor related to reception of Ukrainian refugees and host in Europe ...

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Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. Science 308, 385-389 (2005). ... Three biochemical pathways activate the complement system: the classical complement pathway, the alternative complement pathway ... Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25− naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGFβ induction of transcription factor ... Thurman, J. M. & Holers, V. M. The central role of the alternative complement pathway in human disease. J. Immunol. 176, 1305- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg1944?error=cookies_not_supported&code=9ae8ef75-1d9d-4ea8-b3d2-415fd18168c1

This gene provides instructions for making a protein called complement factor I. This protein helps regulate a part of the body's immune response known as the complement system . (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the CFI gene that cause complement factor I deficiency result in abnormal, nonfunctional, or absent complement factor I. The lack (deficiency) of functional complement factor I protein allows uncontrolled activation of the complement system. (medlineplus.gov)
The unregulated activity of the complement system decreases blood levels of another complement protein called C3, reducing the immune system's ability to fight infections. (medlineplus.gov)
It was shown nearly two decades ago that factor D and adipsin are the same protein. (nexelis.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Complement Factor H Related Protein 5 (CFHR5) in serum, plasma and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. (operatiebrp.nl)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Complement factor H related protein 5(CFHR5) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (operatiebrp.nl)
In this study, we investigated whether complement factor H related protein 5 (CFHR5) from primary GBM cells direct from patients exhibited functional activity similar to factor H. The presence of CFHR5 was validated by western blot and ELISA technique from B30, B31 and B33 primary GBM cells. (bl.uk)
We demonstrated that CFHR5 was able to inhibit the alternative pathway through the same mechanism as factor H. Emerging evidence had shown that the innate immune protein surfactant protein D (SP-D) and recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) were able to induce apoptosis in eosinophilic leukaemic cells. (bl.uk)
5x10-8) with the CD symptom count, two of which are located in the gene C1QTNF7 (C1q and tumor necrosis factor-related protein 7). (nih.gov)
gC1qR interacts with insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), which also suppressed the function of C1q and regulated CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) mRNA. (frontiersin.org)
Other homologous domains occur in related receptors, including the very low-density lipoprotein receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor, and in proteins which are functionally unrelated, such as the C9 component of complement. (embl-heidelberg.de)
While storage and release of lipids are major functions of adipocytes, the adipocyte also uses specific lipid molecules for intracellular signaling and uses a host of protein factors to communicate with essentially every organ system in the body. (diabetesjournals.org)
The complement protein C3b, along with its cleavage product C3bi, is a potent agent of opsonization in the complement cascade. (medscape.com)
In order to generate an antibody response, an antigen must bind to the complement receptor (CR2) on B cells and the complement protein C3d. (medscape.com)
The MBL protein can activate the C4 and C2 components of complement by forming a complex with serine proteases known as MASP1 and MASP2. (medscape.com)

The Human Complement Factor D solid-phase sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is designed to measure the amount of the target bound between a matched antibody pair. (thermofisher.com)
Dose response curve for Biotinylated Anti-Complement Factor D Antibody hFc with the EC 50 of 42.5 ng/mL determined by ELISA. (medchemexpress.cn)
This study investigated the effect of an inhibitory antibody against complement factor B on brain death-induced renal inflammation and injury. (rug.nl)
InflaRx N.V. is testing IFX-1, a monoclonal anti-human complement factor C5a antibody currently under development as treatment for inflammatory conditions and COVID-19 pneumonia. (who.int)

Complement alternative pathway (AP) dysregulation has been implicated in geographic atrophy, an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration. (arvojournals.org)
For the fourth time, variants of the complement Factor H gene (HF1/CFH) have been linked to the likelihood of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), researchers report in the early edition of PNAS this week. (the-scientist.com)
Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration. (nih.gov)
PMID 18806293 ] Analysis of rare variants in the complement component 2 (C2) and factor B (BF) genes refine association for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (snpedia.com)
Association between polymorphisms of complement pathway genes and age-related macular degeneration in a Chinese population. (snpedia.com)
His-384 allotypic variant of factor H associated with age-related macular degeneration has different heparin binding properties from the non-disease-associated form. (bris.ac.uk)
A polymorphism in complement factor H has recently been associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. (bris.ac.uk)
Dive into the research topics of 'His-384 allotypic variant of factor H associated with age-related macular degeneration has different heparin binding properties from the non-disease-associated form. (bris.ac.uk)
Complement factor D in age-related macular degeneration. (cdc.gov)

The Human Complement Factor D (Adipsin/CFD) ELISA quantitates Hu Complement Factor D in human serum, plasma, or cell culture medium. (thermofisher.com)
Serum factor D/adipisin concentration is regulated through catabolism in the kidney where factor D is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed by the proximal tubule. (nexelis.com)
The effects of settled grain dust on the human serum complement cascade were investigated. (cdc.gov)

Complement factor I and several related proteins protect healthy cells by preventing activation of the complement system when it is not needed. (medlineplus.gov)
The complement system comprises approximately 30 circulating plasma proteins, as well as cell-surface receptors, that function as part of the innate and adaptive immune system to eliminate pathogens. (nexelis.com)
C3 and factor B proteins were measured in culture supernatant by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and C3 and factor B transcripts in harvested cells by reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction . (bvsalud.org)
Cytokine induced upregulation of C3 and factor B proteins was always associated with the upregulation of levels of C3 and factor B mRNA . (bvsalud.org)
Such analysis of component and regulator interactions will inform our understanding of inhibitory mechanisms and the ways in which regulatory proteins cooperate to control the complement cascade. (ox.ac.uk)
Complement C1, the first component of the complement system and activator of the classical pathway, is a complex of three proteins: C1q, C1r, and C1s ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Of all the lectin proteins, only MBL has been shown to have the ability to activate the complement system. (medscape.com)
Most patients with atypical HUS have mutations in one or more of the genes that encode proteins involved in the alternate pathway of complement, which creates a predisposition to the disorder. (medscape.com)

Complement factor D, also known as adipsin, is a serine protease that is indispensable for the initiation of complement activation via the alternative pathway. (nexelis.com)
Human adipsin is identical to complement factor D and is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue. (nexelis.com)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Plasma Exchanges and Immunosuppression for Anti-complement Factor H Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. (who.int)
Aliquots were analyzed for factor-B conversion and hemolytic activity. (cdc.gov)
Factor-B conversion and reductions in hemolytic complement consumption were dose related. (cdc.gov)

Complement factor D is a serine protease of the alternative pathway of complement activation. (thermofisher.com)
Factor D cleaves factor B bound to C3b, generating the alternative pathway C3 convertase C3bBb and releasing the Ba fragment. (thermofisher.com)
Upon activation through reversible substrate-induced conformational change into an active enzyme, factor D functions to cleave the C3b-bound factor B, resulting in the formation of C3bBb complex, which is the alternative pathway C3 convertase. (nexelis.com)
Complement factor D deficiency is associated with low activity of the alternative complement pathway and low capacity to opsonize bacteria. (nexelis.com)
[ 33 ] Yuan et al reported that two novel small-molecule inhibitors of Factor D, which is a component of the alternative complement pathway, show potential as oral agents for treating PNH. (medscape.com)
Complement factor H (CFH) plays a key role in regulating the cascade of the alternative pathway of the complement system. (elsevier.com)
This study revealed an association between high plasma levels of CFH and geriatric depression, thereby suggesting the alternative pathway of the complement system contributing to the development of geriatric depression. (elsevier.com)
HF1 is well known to be the major inhibitor of alternative complement pathway, which is an early line of defense against microbial infection. (the-scientist.com)
The functional capacity of CFHR5 was examined through the alternative pathway, co-factor, and decay acceleration assay. (bl.uk)
In vitro activation of the alternative pathway of complement by settled grain dust. (cdc.gov)
The clinical history of patients with classic pathway deficiencies varies slightly from other complement-deficient patients. (medscape.com)
In the alternative pathway, a deficiency of factor B, factor D, or properdin can result in a decreased amount of C3b. (medscape.com)
An important soluble regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). (bvsalud.org)
It binds to COMPLEMENT C3B and makes iC3b (inactivated complement 3b) susceptible to cleavage by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I . Complement factor H also inhibits the association of C3b with COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form the C3bB proenzyme, and promotes the dissociation of Bb from the C3bBb complex (COMPLEMENT C3 CONVERTASE, ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY). (bvsalud.org)
He presented the concepts of 'vertical growth factor pathway blockade' and 'horizontal pathway blockade' as being important approaches to targeting multiple signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in association with germline variation in complement genes. (nih.gov)
Notably, the expression of several genes encoding factors involved in perfusion regulation such as eNOS or K ir 2.1 was differentially regulated in control versus COVID-19 patients. (medscape.com)

Danicopan is an investigational, first-in-class inhibitor of factor D, an essential AP activation enzyme. (arvojournals.org)
Low complement factor C4 is usually considered a valuable screening tool for patients with the potentially life-threatening hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency (C1-INH-HAE). (chaen-rcah.ca)
As of February 2023, the most recent approval is pegcetacoplan intravitreal (Syfovre), a complement inhibitor. (medscape.com)

Complement factor I deficiency is a disorder that affects the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
Some people with complement factor I deficiency have a kidney disorder called glomerulonephritis with isolated C3 deposits. (medlineplus.gov)
Complement factor I deficiency can also be associated with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medlineplus.gov)
Complement factor I deficiency is caused by mutations in the CFI gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Baracho GV, Nudelman V, Isaac L. Molecular characterization of homozygous hereditary factor I deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
Grumach AS, Leitao MF, Arruk VG, Kirschfink M, Condino-Neto A. Recurrent infections in partial complement factor I deficiency: evaluation of three generations of a Brazilian family. (medlineplus.gov)
Ponce-Castro IM, Gonzalez-Rubio C, Delgado-Cervino EM, Abarrategui-Garrido C, Fontan G, Sanchez-Corral P, Lopez-Trascasa M. Molecular characterization of Complement Factor I deficiency in two Spanish families. (medlineplus.gov)
The molecular basis of hereditary complement factor I deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
In patients with mutations in the factor D gene resulting in complete factor D deficiency, recurrent bacterial infections were observed. (nexelis.com)

The absence of C6 terminates the cascade of complement after C5 cleavage and prevents the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (elsevier.com)
According to the authors, immunoglobulin complexes stimulate the classical complement cascade, activate endothelial cells, and subsequently induce blood-brain barrier leakage and immune cell infiltration. (medscape.com)

Fecal luminal factors from patients with irritable bowel syndrome induce distinct gene expression of colonoids. (gu.se)

Even though the level of factor D expression is reduced in various mouse models of obesity, a role for factor D in fat metabolism or systemic energy balance has not been demonstrated so far. (nexelis.com)
Results: Pretreatment with anti-FB resulted in significantly less systemic and local complement activation than in saline-treated rats after brain death. (rug.nl)

Chronic hemolysis and renal iron deposition, which is a particular risk in PNH when complement inhibition therapy is delayed or not available, may result in acute tubular injury or acute kidney injury (AKI). (medscape.com)
Therefore, inhibition of factor B in organ donors might be a promising strategy to reduce brain death-induced renal injury and inflammation. (rug.nl)

Arteries of cardiac allografts in C6+ recipients demonstrated extensive endothelial injury evidenced by release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and accompanied by platelet aggregation. (elsevier.com)
In the presence of Mg2+, DAF bound Bb or the von Willebrand factor type A subunit of Bb with higher affinities (KD, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 2.2 ± 0.1 μM, respectively). (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, the authors observed platelet accumulation in combination with augmented expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), as well as increased tissue factor and von Willebrand factor, in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that activation of the coagulation system in the brain vasculature most likely leads to occlusion and damage to small vessels. (medscape.com)
1%, a von Willebrand factor risen to 142%, no anomaly regarding the complement system (C3/C4/CH50), a negative rheumatoid factor, a normal prothrombin time and finally a normal fibrinogen activity. (lww.com)

Three pathways of complement activation (classical, lectin, and alternative) exist. (nexelis.com)
Human complement factor D is synthesized as a 253 amino acid precursor that contains a signal peptide (aa 1-20), a five-residue activation/pro-peptide (aa 21-25), and the mature chain (aa 26-253). (nexelis.com)
Under physiological conditions, mature factor D lacking the activation peptide circulates as an inactive enzyme and requires interaction with its natural substrate, C3b-bound factor B, for activation of its catalytic activity. (nexelis.com)
Recently, brain death has been shown to cause activation of the complement system, which is adversely associated with renal allograft outcome in recipients. (rug.nl)
Binds and prevents activation of vascular endothelial growth factors (all forms of VEGF-A) and placental growth factor (PIGF). (medscape.com)
Complement activation has previously been demonstrated in COVID-19, [ 4 ] but not directly in the brain. (medscape.com)
This functional alteration may affect binding of factor H to polyanionic patterns on host surfaces, potentially influencing complement activation, immune complex clearance, and inflammation in the macula of AMD patients. (bris.ac.uk)

Two monoclonal antibodies (ie, eculizumab, ravulizumab) that target the C5 complement component were approved for treatment of PNH by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2007 and 2018, respectively. (medscape.com)
Case Characteristics: 7 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, acute kidney injury, thrombotic microangiopathy and elevated levels of anti-complement factor H antibodies. (who.int)
These complexes were positive for IgG/IgM antibodies and co-localized with complement factors. (medscape.com)
Conditioned cell culture medium spiked with Recombinant Human Coagulation Factor X (Catalog # 1063-SE ), see our available Western blot detection antibodies . (rndsystems.com)

In particular, trials with AIs and epidermal growth factor receptor/HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor-2) targeted therapy appear to offer substantial potential for progress. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, using a recombinant construct, we show that amino acid 384 is adjacent to a heparin-binding site in CCP7 of factor H and demonstrate that the allotypic variants differentially recognize heparin. (bris.ac.uk)

Inhibitors of complement Factor D or B are also being studied. (medscape.com)
In the Ham test, using cells from PNH patients, the Factor D inhibitors significantly reduced complement-mediated hemolysis at concentrations as low as 0.01 μM. (medscape.com)
NEW HAVEN, Conn., Feb. 26, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:ACHN), a biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing small molecule factor D inhibitors to modulate the. (globenewswire.com)
NEW HAVEN, Conn., Dec. 20, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:ACHN), a pharmaceutical company focused on advancing small molecule inhibitors of factor D in the. (globenewswire.com)

Our data showed a significant correlation between plasma complement factor B (CFB) and PTC development and prognosis. (researchsquare.com)
Increased plasma complement factor H is associated. (cambridge.org)

In particular as opposed to the indigenous GGC complicated which created the anticipated full-length peptide when incubated in the presence of the full complement of aa-tRNAs elongation factors and release factors (PURE system NEB) the oxidized G8-oxoGC complex failed to produce any detectable peptide products (Physique 2B). (globaltechbiz.com)

Human keratinocytes were cultured in the presence of supernatant of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells , interleukin-1alpha , interleukin-2 , interleukin-6 , transforming growth factor-beta1 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , or interferon-gamma . (bvsalud.org)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced production of C3 and interferon-gamma induced production of factor B were inhibited by cycloheximide . (bvsalud.org)

[ 3 ] For example, in pneumococcal HUS, S pneumoniae damages endothelial cells in the blood vessels, disturbing local complement homeostasis and producing a thrombogenic state. (medscape.com)

The complement system, a component of the innate immune system, has traditionally been considered to be an ancient defense mechanism that resists a broad range of invasive pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
The defect in persons with Leiner disease is usually attributed to a defect of the fifth component of complement (C5). (medscape.com)
However, a child was described by Sonea and associates who had Leiner disease associated with diminished C3, and another was described by Goodyear and Harper with a low level of the fourth component of complement and reduced neutrophil mobility. (medscape.com)

Atypical HUS may also be due to development of autoantibodies against complement factor H. (medscape.com)

Enhanced expression of the complement factor H mRNA in proli. (pubpeer.com)

Immurological behavior (IgG, lgM, lgA) and total complement (CH50) of newborns infants with risk factors for early onset sepsis. (bvsalud.org)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an uncertain role in the pathophysiology of PCV. (aao.org)

The assay will exclusively recognize both natural and recombinant Hu Complement Factor D. (thermofisher.com)
The Complement Factor D assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. (nexelis.com)

Modulation of the complement system in the brain-dead donor might be a promising strategy to improve organ quality before transplantation. (rug.nl)
The complement system plays an important part in host defense and inflammation . (bvsalud.org)
Few studies focus on the immunomodulatory effects of the complement system on MM. This study aims to explore the role of C1q in MM patients. (frontiersin.org)
However, few studies actually focus on the immunomodulatory effects of the complement system on MM. (frontiersin.org)
However, pertinent data have recognized that C1q possesses various independent functions associated with cancer progression that are not directly related to the complement system ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
The complement system lies at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. (ajkdblog.org)
Applications for the Morphologi G3-ID include the characterization of inhaled formulations, where it provides a perfect complement to Malvern's Spraytec system. (labbulletin.com)

A convertase assembled with cobra venom factor and Bb was decayed by DAF, albeit far less efficiently than C3bBb. (ox.ac.uk)
El factor H del complemento inhibe también la asociación de C3b con el FACTOR B DEL COMPLEMENTO para formar la proenzima C3bB, y promueve la disociación de Bb del complejo C3bBb (CONVERTASA C3 DE LA VÍA ALTERNATIVA DEL COMPLEMENTO). (bvsalud.org)

Modulation of complement is controlled poorly by high doses of glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)

The 3 major sequelae of complement deficiencies, based on the pathophysiology of each defect, are (1) defects that result in inadequate opsonization, (2) defects in cell lysis, and (3) the association of complement deficiencies with immune complex diseases. (medscape.com)
Both genetics and environmental factors influence the expression of asthma, and not all asthma is the result of a specific immune response to allergen. (cdc.gov)

Complement reductions also were seen in the treated sera from C4 deficient guinea-pigs. (cdc.gov)

1 The pathogenesis of GA is not completely understood, but it is thought to result from genetic and environmental factors, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. (arvojournals.org)

Clinical significance of complement deficiencies. (medlineplus.gov)

The field of pharmacogenetics/genomics addresses the genetic factors of the host and has the goal of identifying the right drug at the right dose for the right patient. (biomedcentral.com)

C4 Nephritic Factor? (ajkdblog.org)

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science2

Mutations of the type A domain of complement factor B that promote high-affinity C3b-binding. (1/379)

Complement activity in middle ear effusions. (2/379)

Alterations in C3 activation and binding caused by phosphorylation by a casein kinase released from activated human platelets. (3/379)

Pneumococcal surface protein A inhibits complement activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. (4/379)

Production and functional activity of a recombinant von Willebrand factor-A domain from human complement factor B. (5/379)

Sodium butyrate blocks interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced biosynthesis of MHC class III gene products (complement C4 and factor B) in human fetal intestinal epithelial cells. (6/379)

Counter-regulatory effect of sodium butyrate on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced complement C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. (7/379)

Mutational analysis of the primary substrate specificity pocket of complement factor B. Asp(226) is a major structural determinant for p(1)-Arg binding. (8/379)

Complement Factor B

Complement C2

Complement Factor H

Complement Factor D

Complement C3b

Complement C3 Convertase, Alternative Pathway

Complement C3

Complement Pathway, Alternative

Complement Activation

Complement Factor I

Macular Degeneration

Cobra Venoms

Complement System Proteins

Complement C4

Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins

Complement C5

Enzyme Precursors

Complement C5a

Complement C1q

Receptors, Complement

Complement C3-C5 Convertases

Complement Pathway, Classical

Complement C9

Complement Inactivator Proteins

Complement Membrane Attack Complex

Complement C3a

Amino Acid Sequence

Complement Activating Enzymes

Properdin

Peptide Fragments

Complement C3d

Molecular Sequence Data

Receptors, Complement 3b

Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay

Complement Inactivating Agents

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

Complement C1

Complement C4b

Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B

Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a

Complement C6

Complement C3c

Complement C7

Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin

Antigens, CD55

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein

Complement C8

Mutations of the type A domain of complement factor B that promote high-affinity C3b-binding. (1/379)

Complement activity in middle ear effusions. (2/379)

Alterations in C3 activation and binding caused by phosphorylation by a casein kinase released from activated human platelets. (3/379)

Pneumococcal surface protein A inhibits complement activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. (4/379)

Production and functional activity of a recombinant von Willebrand factor-A domain from human complement factor B. (5/379)

Sodium butyrate blocks interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced biosynthesis of MHC class III gene products (complement C4 and factor B) in human fetal intestinal epithelial cells. (6/379)

Counter-regulatory effect of sodium butyrate on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced complement C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. (7/379)

Mutational analysis of the primary substrate specificity pocket of complement factor B. Asp(226) is a major structural determinant for p(1)-Arg binding. (8/379)

Molecular Vision: Reduction in ocular complement factor B protein in mice and monkeys by systemic administration of factor B...

complement factor B | S1: Chymotrypsin | IUPHAR Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Anti- Factor B (FB, Complement Factor B, CFB, AHUS4, BF, BFD, C3/C5 Convertase, CFAB, FBI12, Glyc... by USBiological, Cat. No....

Anti- Factor B (FB, Complement Factor B, CFB, AHUS4, BF, BFD, C3/C5 Convertase, CFAB, FBI12, Glyc... by USBiological, Cat. No....

Association of Serum C3 Concentration and Histologic Signs of Thrombotic Microangiopathy with Outcomes among Patients with ANCA...

anti-Factor B antibody, Internal | GeneTex

Plus it

Humoral immune system in inflammatory bowel disease: I. Complement levels. - Nuffield Department of Medicine

A molecular model for human factor B by constrained scattering modelling | Biochemical Society Transactions

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Complement factor b | definition of Complement factor b by Medical dictionary

Alternative complement pathway | Article about Alternative complement pathway by The Free Dictionary

Activator, C3 Convertase - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org

A targeted treatment for IgA nephropathy at last - Michigan News Updates

Rat CFH(Complement Factor H) ELISA Kit - Rat CFH(Complement Factor H) ELISA Kit Exporter, Importer, Manufacturer, Distributor,...

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Prognostic Value of Complement Properdin in Cancer

Novel Approaches to Control of the Alternative Complement Pathway for the Treatment of C3 Glomerulopathies | American Society...

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The role of immunoglobulins in alternative complement pathway activation by zymosan. I. Human IgG with specificity for Zymosan...

Interferon gamma induces synthesis of complement alternative pathway proteins by human endothelial cells in culture. | Journal...

New insights into disease-specific absence of complement factor H related protein C in mouse models of spontaneous autoimmune...

SMART: VWD domain annotation