Complement c1 inhibitor protein. Medical search

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

A glycoprotein that is important in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C4 is cleaved by the activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C4A and COMPLEMENT C4B.

The smaller fragment formed when complement C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. It is an anaphylatoxin that causes symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE) but its activity is weaker than that of COMPLEMENT C3A or COMPLEMENT C5A.

The smaller fragment generated from the cleavage of complement C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. C3a, a 77-amino acid peptide, is a mediator of local inflammatory process. It induces smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION, and HISTAMINE RELEASE from MAST CELLS and LEUKOCYTES. C3a is considered an anaphylatoxin along with COMPLEMENT C4A; COMPLEMENT C5A; and COMPLEMENT C5A, DES-ARGININE.

A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.

The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.

The large fragment formed when COMPLEMENT C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. The membrane-bound C4b binds COMPLEMENT C2A, a SERINE PROTEASE, to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).

C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constituent of the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb), and COMPLEMENT C5 CONVERTASES in both the classical (C4b2a3b) and the alternative (C3bBb3b) pathway. C3b participates in IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION and enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS. It can be inactivated (iC3b) or cleaved by various proteases to yield fragments such as COMPLEMENT C3C; COMPLEMENT C3D; C3e; C3f; and C3g.

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

A 105-kDa serum glycoprotein with significant homology to the other late complement components, C7-C9. It is a polypeptide chain cross-linked by 32 disulfide bonds. C6 is the next complement component to bind to the membrane-bound COMPLEMENT C5B in the assembly of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. It is encoded by gene C6.

A ubiquitously found basic protein that binds to phosphatidylethanolamine and NUCLEOTIDES. It is an endogenous inhibitor of RAF KINASES and may play a role in regulating SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein is the precursor of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide, which is cleaved from the N-terminal region of the protein.

A 206-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactivated (iC3b) and its alpha chain is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I into C3c (749-954), and C3dg (955-1303) in the presence COMPLEMENT FACTOR H.

A 302-amino-acid fragment in the alpha chain (672-1663) of C3b. It is generated when C3b is inactivated (iC3b) and its alpha chain is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I into C3c, and C3dg (955-1303) in the presence COMPLEMENT FACTOR H. Serum proteases further degrade C3dg into C3d (1002-1303) and C3g (955-1001).

A component of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C2 is cleaved by activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C2B and COMPLEMENT C2A. C2a, the COOH-terminal fragment containing a SERINE PROTEASE, combines with COMPLEMENT C4B to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).

A 63-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by gene C9. Monomeric C9 (mC9) binds the C5b-8 complex to form C5b-9 which catalyzes the polymerization of C9 forming C5b-p9 (MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) and transmembrane channels leading to lysis of the target cell. Patients with C9 deficiency suffer from recurrent bacterial infections.

Molecules on the surface of some B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q, and C4b components of complement.

A 77-kDa subcomponent of complement C1, encoded by gene C1S, is a SERINE PROTEASE existing as a proenzyme (homodimer) in the intact complement C1 complex. Upon the binding of COMPLEMENT C1Q to antibodies, the activated COMPLEMENT C1R cleaves C1s into two chains, A (heavy) and B (light, the serine protease), linked by disulfide bonds yielding the active C1s. The activated C1s, in turn, cleaves COMPLEMENT C2 and COMPLEMENT C4 to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL C3 CONVERTASE).

A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.

A 80-kDa subcomponent of complement C1, existing as a SERINE PROTEASE proenzyme in the intact complement C1 complex. When COMPLEMENT C1Q is bound to antibodies, the changed tertiary structure causes autolytic activation of complement C1r which is cleaved into two chains, A (heavy) and B (light, the serine protease), connected by disulfide bonds. The activated C1r serine protease, in turn, activates COMPLEMENT C1S proenzyme by cleaving the Arg426-Ile427 bond. No fragment is released when either C1r or C1s is cleaved.

Serum proteins that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host. The complement system is tightly regulated by inactivators that accelerate the decay of intermediates and certain cell surface receptors.

A 93-kDa serum glycoprotein encoded by C7 gene. It is a polypeptide chain with 28 disulfide bridges. In the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX; C7 is the next component to bind the C5b-6 complex forming a trimolecular complex C5b-7 which is lipophilic, resembles an integral membrane protein, and serves as an anchor for the late complement components, C8 and C9.

Serine proteases that cleave COMPLEMENT C3 into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, or cleave COMPLEMENT C5 into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. These include the different forms of C3/C5 convertases in the classical and the alternative pathways of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Both cleavages take place at the C-terminal of an ARGININE residue.

A glycine-rich, heat-labile serum glycoprotein that contains a component of the C3 CONVERTASE ALTERNATE PATHWAY (C3bBb). Bb, a serine protease, is generated when factor B is cleaved by COMPLEMENT FACTOR D into Ba and Bb.

Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Serum proteins that inhibit, antagonize, or inactivate COMPLEMENT C1 or its subunits.

A 150-kDa serum glycoprotein composed of three subunits with each encoded by a different gene (C8A; C8B; and C8G). This heterotrimer contains a disulfide-linked C8alpha-C8gamma heterodimer and a noncovalently associated C8beta chain. C8 is the next component to bind the C5-7 complex forming C5b-8 that binds COMPLEMENT C9 and acts as a catalyst in the polymerization of C9.

The first complement component to act in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. It is a calcium-dependent trimolecular complex made up of three subcomponents: COMPLEMENT C1Q; COMPLEMENT C1R; and COMPLEMENT C1S at 1:2:2 ratios. When the intact C1 binds to at least two antibodies (involving C1q), C1r and C1s are sequentially activated, leading to subsequent steps in the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.

Molecular sites on or in some B-lymphocytes and macrophages that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3B. The primary structure of these receptors reveal that they contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, with their extracellular portion composed entirely of thirty short consensus repeats each having 60 to 70 amino acids.

An important soluble regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). It is a 139-kDa glycoprotein expressed by the liver and secreted into the blood. It binds to COMPLEMENT C3B and makes iC3b (inactivated complement 3b) susceptible to cleavage by COMPLEMENT FACTOR I. Complement factor H also inhibits the association of C3b with COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form the C3bB proenzyme, and promotes the dissociation of Bb from the C3bBb complex (COMPLEMENT C3 CONVERTASE, ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY).

The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of C5 by C5 CONVERTASE that yields COMPLEMENT C5A and C5b (beta chain + alpha' chain, the residual alpha chain, bound by disulfide bond). C5b remains bound to the membrane and initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components to form C5b-8-poly-C9, the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

The COOH-terminal fragment of COMPLEMENT 2, released by the action of activated COMPLEMENT C1S. It is a SERINE PROTEASE. C2a combines with COMPLEMENT C4B to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).

A G-protein-coupled receptor that signals an increase in intracellular calcium in response to the potent ANAPHYLATOXIN peptide COMPLEMENT C5A.

Enzymes that activate one or more COMPLEMENT PROTEINS in the complement system leading to the formation of the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX, an important response in host defense. They are enzymes in the various COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION pathways.

Compounds that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host.

A screening assay for circulating COMPLEMENT PROTEINS. Diluted SERUM samples are added to antibody-coated ERYTHROCYTES and the percentage of cell lysis is measured. The values are expressed by the so called CH50, in HEMOLYTIC COMPLEMENT units per milliliter, which is the dilution of serum required to lyse 50 percent of the erythrocytes in the assay.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Molecular sites on or in B-lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, lymphoid cells, and epithelial cells that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3D. Human complement receptor 2 (CR2) serves as a receptor for both C3dg and the gp350/220 glycoprotein of HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN, and binds the monoclonal antibody OKB7, which blocks binding of both ligands to the receptor.

Serum peptides derived from certain cleaved COMPLEMENT PROTEINS during COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. They induce smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; mast cell HISTAMINE RELEASE; PLATELET AGGREGATION; and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from the strongest to the weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Multisubunit enzymes that reversibly synthesize ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. They are coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.

The mitochondria of the myocardium.

Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.

The various filaments, granules, tubules or other inclusions within mitochondria.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Very toxic and complex pyrone derivatives from the fungus Calcarisporium arbuscula. They bind to and inhibit mitochondrial ATPase, thereby uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. They are used as biochemical tools.

A serum protein which is important in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. This enzyme cleaves the COMPLEMENT C3B-bound COMPLEMENT FACTOR B to form C3bBb which is ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE.

An endogenous 105-kDa plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the LIVER and MONOCYTES. It inhibits a broad spectrum of proteases, including the COMPLEMENT C1R and the COMPLEMENT C1S proteases of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY, and the MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED SERINE PROTEASES. C1-INH-deficient individuals suffer from HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPES I AND II.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A plasma serine proteinase that cleaves the alpha-chains of C3b and C4b in the presence of the cofactors COMPLEMENT FACTOR H and C4-binding protein, respectively. It is a 66-kDa glycoprotein that converts C3b to inactivated C3b (iC3b) followed by the release of two fragments, C3c (150-kDa) and C3dg (41-kDa). It was formerly called KAF, C3bINF, or enzyme 3b inactivator.

A serum protein that regulates the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. It binds as a cofactor to COMPLEMENT FACTOR I which then hydrolyzes the COMPLEMENT C4B in the CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C4bC2a).

Endogenous proteins that inhibit or inactivate COMPLEMENT C3B. They include COMPLEMENT FACTOR H and COMPLEMENT FACTOR I (C3b/C4b inactivator). They cleave or promote the cleavage of C3b into inactive fragments, and thus are important in the down-regulation of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION and its cytolytic sequence.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Important enzymes in the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. They cleave COMPLEMENT C3 and COMPLEMENT C5.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The N-terminal fragment of COMPLEMENT 2, released by the action of activated COMPLEMENT C1S.

Carrier proteins produced in the Sertoli cells of the testis, secreted into the seminiferous tubules, and transported via the efferent ducts to the epididymis. They participate in the transport of androgens. Androgen-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to C8 and C9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (From Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p234)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Venoms from snakes of the genus Naja (family Elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that have cytotoxic, hemolytic, neurotoxic, and other properties. Like other elapid venoms, they are rich in enzymes. They include cobramines and cobralysins.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

Important enzymes in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. They cleave COMPLEMENT C3 and COMPLEMENT C5.

Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.

A serine protease that is the complex of COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT FACTOR BB. It cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT C3 into COMPLEMENT C3A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEMENT C3B in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY.

A serine protease that cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT 5 into COMPLEMENT 5A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEMENT 5B in the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. It is a complex of CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C4b2a) with an additional COMPLEMENT C3B, or C4b2a3b.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A serine protease that cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT 3 into COMPLEMENT 3A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEMENT 3B in the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. It is a complex of COMPLEMENT 4B and COMPLEMENT 2A (C4b2a).

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

Hormones produced by the placenta include CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN as well as steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE), and neuropeptide hormones similar to those found in the hypothalamus (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the REL PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and modulate their activity. In the CYTOPLASM, I-kappa B proteins bind to the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B. Cell stimulation causes its dissociation and translocation of active NF-kappa B to the nucleus.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

An enzyme that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pancreatic ribonucleic acids to 3'-phosphomono- and oligonucleotides ending in cytidylic or uridylic acids with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. EC 3.1.27.5.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A serine protease that cleaves multiple COMPLEMENT C5 into COMPLEMENT C5A (anaphylatoxin) and COMPLEMENT C5B in the ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY. It is the complex of ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb) with an additional COMPLEMENT C3B, or C3bBb3b.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROLYSIS of the N-glycosidic bond between sugar phosphate backbone and URACIL residue during DNA synthesis.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Enzymes which catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in XYLANS.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Complement activation triggered by the interaction of microbial POLYSACCHARIDES with serum MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN resulting in the activation of MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED SERINE PROTEASES. As in the classical pathway, MASPs cleave COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 to form C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

A 53-kDa protein that is a positive regulator of the alternate pathway of complement activation (COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION PATHWAY, ALTERNATIVE). It stabilizes the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb) and protects it from rapid inactivation, thus facilitating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION and the formation of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Individuals with mutation in the PFC gene exhibit properdin deficiency and have a high susceptibility to infections.

Proton-translocating ATPases responsible for ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE synthesis in the MITOCHONDRIA. They derive energy from the respiratory chain-driven reactions that develop high concentrations of protons within the intermembranous space of the mitochondria.

A derivative of complement C5a, generated when the carboxy-terminal ARGININE is removed by CARBOXYPEPTIDASE B present in normal human serum. C5a des-Arg shows complete loss of spasmogenic activity though it retains some chemotactic ability (CHEMOATTRACTANTS).

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.

A eukayrotic protein serine-threonine phosphatase subtype that dephosphorylates a wide variety of cellular proteins. The enzyme is comprised of a catalytic subunit and regulatory subunit. Several isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. A large number of proteins have been shown to act as regulatory subunits for this enzyme. Many of the regulatory subunits have additional cellular functions.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase that is specific for MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. It is composed of three subunits, which include a catalytic subunit, a myosin binding subunit, and a third subunit of unknown function.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.

The clear portion of BLOOD that is left after BLOOD COAGULATION to remove BLOOD CELLS and clotting proteins.

Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.

Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A genus of trematode flukes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae. There are over a dozen species. These parasites are found in man and other mammals. Snails are the intermediate hosts.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE arrest. p21 interacts with a range of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES and associates with PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN and CASPASE 3.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Thickening of the walls of small ARTERIES or ARTERIOLES due to cell proliferation or HYALINE deposition.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A ubiquitously expressed raf kinase subclass that plays an important role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. The c-raf Kinases are MAP kinase kinase kinases that have specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 1 and MAP KINASE KINASE 2.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A family of DNA repair enzymes that recognize damaged nucleotide bases and remove them by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond that attaches them to the sugar backbone of the DNA molecule. The process called BASE EXCISION REPAIR can be completed by a DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASE which excises the remaining RIBOSE sugar from the DNA.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

A conserved class of proteins that control APOPTOSIS in both VERTEBRATES and INVERTEBRATES. IAP proteins interact with and inhibit CASPASES, and they function as ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEINS. The protein class is defined by an approximately 80-amino acid motif called the baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. They generally function as ENZYME ACTIVATORS that drive the CELL CYCLE through transitions between phases. A subset of cyclins may also function as transcriptional regulators.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A specific mannose-binding member of the collectin family of lectins. It binds to carbohydrate groups on invading pathogens and plays a key role in the MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

An IgG autoantibody against the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE, found in serum of patients with MESANGIOCAPILLARY GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. The binding of this autoantibody to C3bBb stabilizes the enzyme thus reduces the actions of C3b inactivators (COMPLEMENT FACTOR H; COMPLEMENT FACTOR I). This abnormally stabilized enzyme induces a continuous COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION and generation of C3b thereby promoting the assembly of MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX and cytolysis.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2.

Plasma glycoproteins that form a stable complex with hemoglobin to aid the recycling of heme iron. They are encoded in man by a gene on the short arm of chromosome 16.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

C1-Esterase inhibitor: an anti-inflammatory agent and its potential use in the treatment of diseases other than hereditary angioedema. (1/83)

C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-Inh) therapy was introduced in clinical medicine about 25 years ago as a replacement therapy for patients with hereditary angioedema caused by a deficiency of C1-Inh. There is now accumulating evidence, obtained from studies in animals and observations in patients, that administration of C1-Inh may have a beneficial effect as well in other clinical conditions such as sepsis, cytokine-induced vascular leak syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, or other diseases. Activation of the complement system, the contact activation system, and the coagulation system has been observed in these diseases. A typical feature of the contact and complement system is that on activation they give rise to vasoactive peptides such as bradykinin or the anaphylatoxins, which in part explains the proinflammatory effects of either system. C1-Inh, belonging to the superfamily of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), is a major inhibitor of the classical complement pathway, the contact activation system, and the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, respectively. It is, therefore, endowed with anti-inflammatory properties. However, inactivation of C1-Inh occurs locally in inflamed tissues by proteolytic enzymes (e.g., elastase) released from activated neutrophils or bacteria thereby leading to increased local activation of the various host defense systems. Here we will give an overview on the biochemistry and biology of C1-Inh. We will discuss studies addressing therapeutic administration of C1-Inh in experimental and clinical conditions. Finally, we will provide an explanation for the therapeutic benefit of C1-Inh in so many different diseases. (+info)

C1 inhibitor cross-linking by tissue transglutaminase. (2/83)

C1 inhibitor, a plasma proteinase inhibitor of the serpin superfamily involved in the regulation of complement classical pathway and intrinsic blood coagulation, has been shown to bind to several components of the extracellular matrix. These reactions may be responsible for C1 inhibitor localization in the perivascular space. In the study reported here, we have examined whether C1 inhibitor could function as a substrate for plasma (factor XIIIa) or tissue transglutaminase. We made the following observations: 1) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography showed that C1 inhibitor exposed to tissue transglutaminase (but not to factor XIIIa) incorporated the radioactive amine donor substrate [(3)H]putrescine in a calcium-dependent manner; 2) the maximum stoichiometry for the uptake of [(3)H]putrescine by C1 inhibitor was 1:1; 3) proteolytic cleavage and peptide sequencing of reduced and carboxymethylated [(3)H]putrescine-C1 inhibitor identified Gln(453) (P'9) as the single amine acceptor residue; 4) studies with (125)I-labeled C1 inhibitor showed that tissue transglutaminase was also able to cross-link C1 inhibitor to immobilized fibrin; and 5) C1 inhibitor cross-linked by tissue transglutaminase to immobilized fibrin had inhibitory activity against its target enzymes. Thus, tissue transglutaminase-mediated cross-linking of C1 inhibitor to fibrin or other extracellular matrix components may serve as a mechanism for covalent serpin binding and influence local regulation of the proteolytic pathways inhibited by C1 inhibitor. (+info)

SERPIN regulation of factor XIa. The novel observation that protease nexin 1 in the presence of heparin is a more potent inhibitor of factor XIa than C1 inhibitor. (3/83)

In the present studies we have made the novel observation that protease nexin 1 (PN1), a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily, is a potent inhibitor of the blood coagulation Factor XIa (FXIa). The inhibitory complexes formed between PN1 and FXIa are stable when subjected to reducing agents, SDS, and boiling, a characteristic of the acyl linkage formed between SERPINs and their cognate proteases. Using a sensitive fluorescence-quenched peptide substrate, the K(assoc) of PN1 for FXIa was determined to be 7.9 x 10(4) m(-)(1) s(-)(1) in the absence of heparin. In the presence of heparin, this rate was accelerated to 1.7 x 10(6), M(-)(1) s(-)(1), making PN1 a far better inhibitor of FXIa than C1 inhibitor, which is the only other SERPIN known to significantly inhibit FXIa. FXIa-PN1 complexes are shown to be internalized and degraded by human fibroblasts, most likely via the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), since degradation was strongly inhibited by the LRP agonist, receptor-associated protein. Since FXIa proteolytically modifies the amyloid precursor protein, this observation may suggest an accessory role for PN1 in the pathobiogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. (+info)

The native metastable fold of C1-inhibitor is stabilized by disulfide bonds. (4/83)

C1-inhibitor is a member of the serpin family of proteinase inhibitors and is an important inhibitor of complement and contact system proteinases. The native protein has the characteristic serpin feature of being in a kinetically trapped metastable state rather than in the most stable state it could adopt. A consequence of this is that it readily forms loop-sheet dimers and polymers, by a mechanism believed to be the same as observed with other serpins. An unusual feature of C1-inhibitor is that it has a unique amino-terminal domain, of unknown function, held to the serpin domain by two disulfide bonds not found in other serpins. We report here that reduction of these bonds by DTT, causes a conformational change such that the reactive center loop inserts into beta-sheet A. This form of C1-inhibitor is less stable to heat and urea than the native protein, and is more susceptible to extensive degradation by trypsin. These data show that the disulfide bonds in C1-inhibitor are required for the protein to be stabilized in the metastable state with the reactive center loop expelled from beta-sheet A. (+info)

Hereditary angioedema with a de novo mutation of exon 8 in the C1 inhibitor gene showing recurrent edema of the hands around the peripheral joints: importance for the differential diagnosis of joint swelling. (5/83)

We describe a patient with hereditary angioedema (HAE), showing recurrent edema around the peripheral joints. Her symptoms began at the age of 18 with hand swelling distal to the wrist joints. Until she was referred to our hospital 3 years after her initial symptoms, she was still undiagnosed, although she was suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis. Laboratory examination showed reduced levels of CH50 and C4 with normal C3 levels. The C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) was decreased to 5 mg/ml, with remarkably reduced activity. Although these findings were compatible with a diagnosis of HAE, there were no episodes of skin edema in her family. To establish the diagnosis, we carried out DNA analysis of the C1-INH gene, which revealed a newly identified de novo mutation of G to A at nucleotide 16869 in exon 8. As described in this patient, localized edema around the peripheral joints may be the only manifestation of HAE. HAE should therefore be taken into consideration for the differential diagnosis of joint swelling. (+info)

Complement components, but not complement inhibitors, are upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques. (6/83)

Complement activation occurs in atherosclerotic plaques. The capacity of arterial tissue to inhibit this activation through generation of the complement regulators C1 inhibitor, decay accelerating factor, membrane cofactor protein (CD46), C4 binding protein (C4BP), and protectin (CD59) was evaluated in pairs of aortic atherosclerotic plaques and nearby normal artery from 11 human postmortem specimens. All 22 samples produced mRNAs for each of these proteins. The ratios of plaque versus normal artery pairs was not significantly different from unity for any of these inhibitors. However, in plaques, the mRNAs for C1r and C1s, the substrates for the C1 inhibitor, were increased 2.35- and 4.96-fold, respectively, compared with normal artery; mRNA for C4, the target for C4BP, was elevated l.34-fold; and mRNAs for C7 and C8, the targets for CD59, were elevated 2.61- and 3.25-fold, respectively. By Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, fraction Bb of factor B, a marker of alternative pathway activation, was barely detectable in plaque and normal arterial tissue. These data indicate that it is primarily the classical, not the alternative pathway, that is activated in plaques and that key inhibitors are not upregulated to defend against this activation. (+info)

A new type of acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. (7/83)

Acquired C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency with consequent angioedema is a rare condition that may indicate an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. The defect is caused by increased catabolism, which is often associated with the presence of serum autoantibodies to C1-INH. The present report describes 3 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed typical symptoms of acquired angioedema, characterized by recurrent swelling of subcutaneous and mucous tissues. The 3 patients demonstrated a major classical pathway-mediated complement consumption, with very low levels of C3 antigen and decreased levels of C1-INH antigen. Neither antibodies to C1-INH nor associated lymphoproliferative disease was found. No patient had clinical and biologic signs of lupus activity at the time the angioedema occurred. All patients were treated with steroids and exhibited a good response, without relapse of angioedema and with normalization of plasma levels of C1-INH. In lupus patients who present with an angioedema syndrome, acquired or hereditary angioedema must be sought by examining parameters of the classical pathway and levels of C1-INH. Our observations suggest the existence of a new form of acquired C1-INH deficiency associated with a major classical pathway-mediated complement consumption and systemic autoimmunity. (+info)

In vivo biosynthesis of endogenous and of human C1 inhibitor in transgenic mice: tissue distribution and colocalization of their expression. (8/83)

We have produced transgenic mice expressing human C1 inhibitor mRNA and protein under the control of the human promoter and regulatory elements. The transgene was generated using a minigene construct in which most of the human C1 inhibitor gene (C1NH) was replaced by C1 inhibitor cDNA. The construct retained the promoter region extending 1.18 kb upstream of the transcription start site, introns 1 and 2 as well as a stretch of 2.5 kb downstream of the polyadenylation site, and therefore carried all known elements involved in transcriptional regulation of the C1NH gene. Mice with high serum levels of human C1 inhibitor, resulting from multiple tandem integrations of the C1 inhibitor transgene, were selected. Immunohistochemistry in combination with in situ hybridization was applied to localize the sites of C1 inhibitor biosynthesis and to demonstrate its local production in brain, spleen, liver, heart, kidney, and lung. The distribution of human C1 inhibitor-expressing cells was qualitatively indistinguishable from that of its mouse counterpart, but expression levels of the transgene were significantly higher. In the spleen, production of C1 inhibitor was colocalized with that of a specific marker for white pulp follicular dendritic cells. This study demonstrates a stringently regulated expression of both the endogenous and the transgenic human C1 inhibitor gene and reveals local biosynthesis of C1 inhibitor at multiple sites in which the components of the macromolecular C1 complex are also produced. (+info)

... named C1-inhibitor. The inhibition of C1-inhibitor leads to over-activation of the complement pathway and one protein that ... Also, there has been some speculation as to an additional autoantibody against an inhibitor protein (in the complement pathway ... Consequently, levels of all complement proteins become low. The complement pathway is composed of several subset pathways: the ... C1q is an integral component within the complement pathway - a complicated cascade of protein interactions, culminating in an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urticarial_vasculitis

Serum albumin Complement proteins C1-inhibitor C3-convertase Factor VIII Factor XIII Protein C Protein S Protein Z Protein Z- ... A list of proteins (and protein complexes). This list aims to organize information on the protein universe. All proteins can be ... G-protein-coupled receptor Rhodopsin Estrogen receptor Histones Protamines CI protein % Transcription regulatory proteins that ... For more information about categorizing protein types, see List of types of proteins. Arp2/3 Coronin Dystrophin FtsZ Gloverin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proteins

... the first component of the classical complement pathway C1 domain, an important secondary messenger protein domain C1-inhibitor ... C1, C01, C.I or C-1 may refer to: C1, a note-octave in music C1 Television, a Mongolian television channel Schecter C-1 ... a precursor protein to Cytochrome C Proanthocyanidin C1, a type of polyphenolic compound Prostaglandin C1, a form of ... C-1), a Spanish submarine Cluster 1, also known as Rumba, an ESA satellite C1, a solo sprint canoe C1 (classification), a para- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1

Breakdown of fibrin clots Plasminogen Inhibitors of fibrinolysis α2-antiplasmin Complement components C1-9, complement ... The liver plays the major role in producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors ... Vitamin D-binding protein, carries vitamin D FGF21, a protein hormone that induces mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids, ... forming a blood clot that stops bleeding C-reactive protein, opsonin on microbes, acute phase protein Various other globulins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins_produced_and_secreted_by_the_liver

Disorders of the proteins that act to inhibit the complement system (such as C1-inhibitor) can lead to an overactive response, ... C1-inhibitor deficiency or hereditary angioedema will have low C4 with normal C1 levels. Acquired hypocomplementemia may occur ... Complement deficiency is an immunodeficiency of absent or suboptimal functioning of one of the complement system proteins. ... "Complement Deficiencies. What are complement deficiencies?". patient.info. Retrieved 31 December 2017. "Complement Deficiencies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_deficiency

C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) antigenic protein, C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) functional level if available. Analysis of complement C1 ... Other treatment modalities can stimulate the synthesis of C1 inhibitor, or reduce C1 inhibitor consumption. Purified C1 ... In this type, atypical C1-inhibitor proteins are produced which are less capable of suppressing activation of the complement ... There are three types of C1 inhibitor deficiency: HAE type I is primarily caused by a deficiency in blood proteins (C1 esterase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_angioedema

The classical pathway is inhibited by C1-inhibitor, which binds to C1 to prevent its activation.[citation needed] ... Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, and cell membrane receptors. ... complement factor B, and complement factor I, as well as deletion of complement factor H-related 3 and complement factor H- ... Deficiencies in complement regulatorsEdit. Mutations in the complement regulators factor H and membrane cofactor protein have ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_system

Complement deficiencies are the result of a lack of any of these proteins. They may predispose to infections but also to ... C1-inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema) Factor I deficiency (pyogenic infections) Factor H deficiency (haemolytic- ... The complement system is part of the innate as well as the adaptive immune system; it is a group of circulating proteins that ... MASP2 deficiency Complement receptor 3 (CR3) deficiency Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) deficiency Membrane attack complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_immunodeficiency

The classical pathway is inhibited by C1-inhibitor, which binds to C1 to prevent its activation. C3-convertase can be inhibited ... Over 30 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, and cell membrane receptors. ... Polymorphisms of complement component 3, complement factor B, and complement factor I, as well as deletion of complement factor ... The complement system is regulated by complement control proteins, which are present at a higher concentration in the blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_system

... is not essential for C1-inhibitor to inhibit proteases. This domain has no similarity to other proteins. C1-inhibitor is highly ... This way, C1-inhibitor prevents the proteolytic cleavage of later complement components C4 and C2 by C1 and MBL. Although named ... C1-inhibitor (C1-inh, C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily. Its main function is ... Note that C1-inhibitor is the most important physiological inhibitor of plasma kallikrein, fXIa, and fXIIa. C1-inhibitor is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1-inhibitor

Among soluble inhibitors there are factor H, C1 inhibitor, C4b-binding protein, factor I, S protein or clusterin, the membrane- ... Non-apoptotic cells also express complement inhibitors, preventing the assembly of C3 convertase or the lytic pore. ... bound inhibitors are CR1, membrane cofactor protein (MCF), decay accelerating factor (DAF) or protectin (CD59). Phagocytes are ... Besides complement particles C1q and C3b which help to opsonize the apoptotic cells, also thrombospondin, pentraxins (C- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACAMPs

... which result in either diminished levels of the C1-inhibitor protein (type I HAE) or dysfunctional forms of the same protein ( ... especially depletion of complement factors 2 and 4, may indicate deficiency of C1-inhibitor. HAE type III is a diagnosis of ... Ruconest (C1-inhibitor). References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Bernstein, JA; Cremonesi, P; Hoffmann, TK ... Acute treatment consists of C1-INH (C1-esterase inhibitor) concentrate from donor blood, which must be administered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioneurotic_oedema

... (EC 3.4.21.42, C1 esterase, activated complement C1s, complement C overbar 1r, C1s) is a protein ... Katz Y, Strunk RC (March 1989). "Synthesis and regulation of C1 inhibitor in human skin fibroblasts". Journal of Immunology. ... complement activation, lectin pathway. • complement activation. • regulation of complement activation. Sources:Amigo / QuickGO ... protein binding. • hydrolase activity. • metal ion binding. • identical protein binding. • serine-type endopeptidase activity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_1s

C1-inhibitor plays the role of inactivating C1r and C1s to prevent further downstream classical complement activity. C1- ... The classical complement pathway can be initiated by the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to the C1q protein. The globular ... Lack of regulation of the classical complement pathway through the deficiency in C1-inhibitor results in episodic angioedema. ... Alternative complement pathway - another complement system pathway Lectin pathway - another complement system pathway Noris, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_complement_pathway

MASP2 deficiency Complement receptor 3 deficiency Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) deficiency Membrane attack complex inhibitor ... C1-inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema) Factor I deficiency (pyogenic infections) Factor H deficiency (haemolytic- ... Complement deficiencies are the result of a lack of any of these proteins. They may predispose to infections but also to ... These proteins, generated by plasma cells, normally bind to pathogens, targeting them for destruction. Absent B cells with a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_primary_immunodeficiencies

C1-inhibitor (which protects the body from excessive protease-triggered activation of its own complement system), antithrombin ... Natural protease inhibitors include the family of lipocalin proteins, which play a role in cell regulation and differentiation ... Other natural protease inhibitors are used as defense mechanisms. Common examples are the trypsin inhibitors found in the seeds ... The natural protease inhibitors are not to be confused with the protease inhibitors used in antiretroviral therapy. Some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protease

1994). "Regulation of the synthesis of C1 subcomponents and C1-inhibitor". Behring Inst. Mitt. (93): 196-203. PMID 8172568. ... Complement C1q subcomponent subunit A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1QA gene. This gene encodes a major ... 1994). "The envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 gp120 and human complement protein C1q bind to the same peptides derived from three ... 1994). "Expression of the components and regulatory proteins of the classical pathway of complement in normal and diseased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1QA

... which result in either diminished levels of the C1-inhibitor protein (type I HAE) or dysfunctional forms of the same protein ( ... especially depletion of complement factors 2 and 4, may indicate deficiency of C1-inhibitor. HAE type III is a diagnosis of ... Acute treatment consists of C1-INH (C1-esterase inhibitor) concentrate from donor blood, which must be administered ... C1-esterase (aka: C1-inhibitor or C1INH), and continuous production of kallikrein, another process inhibited by C1INH. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioedema

... complement c1 inactivator proteins MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.920.250.500 - complement c1 inhibitor protein MeSH D12.776.124.486. ... complement c1 MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.050.270 - complement c1q MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.050.280 - complement c1r MeSH D12.776. ... complement factor i MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.920.662 - complement c4b-binding protein MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.930 - complement ... complement c3b inactivator proteins MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.920.325.200 - complement factor h MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.920. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.124)

Six mutations of the gene SERPING1 (Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade G (C1 Inhibitor), Member 1) are associated with AMD. ... on chromosome 6 at 6p21.3 Polymorphisms in genes for complement system proteins: Variation in the genes for the complement ... Complement factor H (CFH) is an important inhibitor of this inflammatory cascade, and a disease-associated polymorphism in the ... While there is increasing academic and pharmaceutical interest in developing complement inhibitors to treat ophthalmic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_degeneration

Checkpoint inhibitors (CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1) operate by this mechanism. Briefly, checkpoint inhibitors are proteins that ... Complement-dependent cytotoxicity occurs when antibodies bind to the cancer cell surface, the C1 complex binds to these ... The complement system includes blood proteins that can cause cell death after an antibody binds to the cell surface (the ... Checkpoint inhibitors bind these proteins and prevent them from functioning normally, which increases the activity of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy

C1-inhibitor (which protects the body from excessive protease-triggered activation of its own complement system), antithrombin ... Natural protease inhibitors include the family of lipocalin proteins, which play a role in cell regulation and differentiation ... Inhibitors[edit]. Main articles: Protease inhibitor (biology) and Protease inhibitor (pharmacology). The activity of proteases ... Thus, protease inhibitors are developed as antiviral means. Other natural protease inhibitors are used as defense mechanisms. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E1101

... that are not involved in coagulation such as trypsin and the C1s subunit of the enzyme C1 involved in the classical complement ... Antithrombin is a serpin (serine protease inhibitor) and is thus similar in structure to most other plasma protease inhibitors ... As deduced from protein and cDNA sequencing, cow, sheep, rabbit and mouse antithrombins are all 433 amino acids in length, ... Unexpectedly the protein crystallized as a heterodimer composed of one molecule of native antithrombin and one molecule of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithrombin

Complement. deficiency. *C1-inhibitor (Angioedema/Hereditary angioedema). *Complement 2 deficiency/Complement 4 deficiency ... Genetic disorder, protein biosynthesis: Transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies. (1) Basic domains. 1.2. *Feingold ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperimmunoglobulin_E_syndrome

... soluble complement receptor type 1, anti-C5 antibodies, or C1 inhibitor (C1-INH). Disadvantages of this approach include the ... hormone and protein differences - some proteins will be molecularly incompatible, which could cause malfunction of important ... The binding of XNAs initiate complement activation through the classical complement pathway. Complement activation causes a ... Interruption of the complement cascade *The recipient's complement cascade can be inhibited through the use of cobra venom ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenozoonosis

APOE qualifies as a checkpoint inhibitor of the classical complement pathway by complex formation with activated C1q. ... Proteins similar in function have been found in choanoflagellates, suggesting that they are a very old class of proteins ... The gene, APOE, is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2). The ... Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a protein involved in the metabolism of fats in the body of mammals. A subtype is implicated in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E

... s are classed as irreversible inhibitors and as suicide inhibitors since each serpin protein permanently inactivates a ... Beinrohr L, Harmat V, Dobó J, Lörincz Z, Gál P, Závodszky P (July 2007). "C1 inhibitor serpin domain structure reveals the ... Mollnes TE, Jokiranta TS, Truedsson L, Nilsson B, Rodriguez de Cordoba S, Kirschfink M (September 2007). "Complement analysis ... it became clear that these inhibitors were part of superfamily of related proteins that included both protease inhibitors (e.g ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpin

"Fluid-phase interaction of C1 inhibitor (C1 Inh) and the subcomponents C1r and C1s of the first component of complement, C1". ... Complement C1r subcomponent (EC 3.4.21.41, activated complement C1r, C overbar 1r esterase, C1r) is a protein involved in the ... C1r along with C1q and C1s form the C1 complex, which is the first component of the serum complement system. C1r is an enzyme ... Arlaud GJ, Gagnon J (April 1983). "Complete amino acid sequence of the catalytic chain of human complement subcomponent C1-r". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_1r

C6 C7 C8 C9 Complement pathway inhibitors C1-inhibitor - Classical, Lectin, Alternate Decay-accelerating factor (CD59) - ... see complement proteins section) Collectins Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) Surfactant protein A (SP-A) Surfactant protein D (SP-D ... system Complement system Classical complement pathway Mannan-binding lectin pathway Alternate complement pathway Complement ... CL-L1 CL-P1 CL-K1 Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) PGLYRP1 PGLYRP2 PGLYRP3 PGLYRP4 Ficolins FCN1 FCN2 FCN3 Complement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_immunology

Complement. deficiency. *C1-inhibitor (Angioedema/Hereditary angioedema). *Complement 2 deficiency/Complement 4 deficiency ... Next, the NK cells which have Fc Receptors will bind to that antibody, inducing the NK cell to release proteins such as ... ADCC is independent of the immune complement system that also lyses targets but does not require any other cell. ADCC requires ... During replication of a virus some of the viral proteins are expressed on the cell surface membrane of the infected cell. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

... acts (as a CETP inhibitor) by inhibiting cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP), which normally transfers ... FC(F)(F)c1cc(cc(c1)C(F)(F)F)CN(C(=O)OC)[[email protected]@H]3c2c(ccc(c2)C(F)(F)F)N(C(=O)OCC)[[email protected]@H](C3)CC ... Drugs that interfere with the action of these peptides would aid in lowering cholesterol levels by complementing the action of ... Anacetrapib, CETP inhibitor undergoing development by Merck. *Dalcetrapib, CETP inhibitor which also failed in clinical trials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torcetrapib

It was the third TNF inhibitor, after infliximab and etanercept, to be approved in the United States.[34] It was constructed ... CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NCC(O)=O ... antibody and etanercept is a TNF receptor-IgG fusion protein.[ ... Like other TNF inhibitors, it is an immunosuppressive medication, used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid ... Chen, Yuehong; Friedman, Marcia; Liu, Gang; Deodhar, Atul; Chu, Cong-Qiu (2018). "Do tumor necrosis factor inhibitors increase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalimumab?fbclid=IwAR0kN6_SAsvpklfBrX1eex9_OYvtp-Oxig3N-LuJPcx5MvcJhmzA9_Cv2ko

Complement. deficiency. *C1-inhibitor (Angioedema/Hereditary angioedema). *Complement 2 deficiency/Complement 4 deficiency ... Autoimmune disease, immune response to self-proteins. *Allergy, immune response to harmless non-self proteins *Histamine ... Complement deficiency is where the function of the complement system is deficient ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_deficiency

Inhibitors. *CLA: C1-inhibitor. *Decay-accelerating factor/CD59. *Factor I. *CL: C4BP ... MAC is composed of a complex of four complement proteins (C5b, C6, C7, and C8) that bind to the outer surface of the plasma ... The membrane attack complex is initiated when the complement protein C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b. All three ... Stanley KK, Marazziti D, Eggertsen G, Fey GH (1988). "Relationships between the gene and protein structure in human complement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_membrane_attack_complex

OPM protein. 1cwa. Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is an immunosuppressant medication and natural ... Lawen A (October 2015). "Biosynthesis of cyclosporins and other natural peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase inhibitors". ... InChI=1S/C62H111N11O12/c1-25-27-28-40(15)52(75)51-56(79)65-43(26-2)58(81)67(18)33-48(74)68(19)44(29-34(3)4)55(78)66-49(38(11)12 ... CsA binds to cyclophilin D to block the opening of MPTP, and thus decreases the release of protein cytochrome C, which can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin

When a single gene deficiency does cause lupus, it is usually attributed to the complement protein genes C1, C2, or C4. The ... Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. *Adrenergic urticaria. *Exercise urticaria. *Galvanic urticaria. *Schnitzler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus

CLA: C1-inhibitor - Faktor ubrzanja raspada/CD59 - Faktor I CL: C4BP. A: Faktor H ... C5a receptor (receptor 1 komplementne komponente 5a, C5AR1, CD88, klaster diferencijacije 88) je G protein spregnuti receptor ... Sengeløv H (1996). "Complement receptors in neutrophils.". Crit. Rev. Immunol. 15 (2): 107-31. PMID 8573284. ... Moždano specifični angiogenezni inhibitor (1, 2, 3) • Cadherin (1, 2, 3) • Kalcitonin • CALCRL • CD97 • Kortikotropin- ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5a_receptor

Inhibitors. *CLA: C1-inhibitor. *Decay-accelerating factor/CD59. *Factor I. *CL: C4BP ... there are several different kinds of regulatory proteins that disrupt the complement activation process: *Complement Receptor 1 ... CFHR5 (Complement Factor H-Related protein 5) is able to bind to act as a cofactor for factor I, has decay accelerating ... Factor I requires a C3b-binding protein cofactor such as complement factor H, CR1, or Membrane Cofactor of Proteolysis (MCP or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_complement_pathway

Inhibitors. *CLA: C1-inhibitor. *Decay-accelerating factor/CD59. *Factor I. *CL: C4BP ... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BSG gene.[5][6][7] This protein is a determinant for the Ok blood group system. ... protein binding involved in cell-cell adhesion. Cellular component. • integral component of membrane. • membrane. • focal ... protein localization to plasma membrane. • homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules. • axon guidance. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basigin

... killer activated and killer inhibitor receptors (KARs and KIRs), complement receptors, Fc receptors, B cell receptors and T ... and can be a protein or peptide (short protein), or another small molecule such as a neurotransmitter, hormone, pharmaceutical ... In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.[1] When ... The proton pump inhibitor omeprazole is an example of an irreversible antagonist. The effects of irreversible antagonism can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_

Small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases generally prevent either phosphorylation of proteins substrates or ... This domain consists of molecular regions that make hydrophobic interactions with the FKB domain and triene region from C-1-C-6 ... PI3K inhibitor. References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pópulo, Helena; Lopes, José Manuel; Soares, Paula (2012). "The ... The second generation of mTOR inhibitors is known as ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors.[7] mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR_inhibitor

Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency Acute urticaria Adrenergic urticaria Anaphylaxis Aquagenic urticaria Cholinergic ... Complement deficiency DiGeorge syndrome (DiGeorge anomaly, thymic hypoplasia) Graft-versus-host disease Griscelli syndrome ... cutaneous neoplasms associated with systemic syndromes List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins ... Childhood dermatomyositis Childhood discoid lupus erythematosus Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus Complement deficiency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

PSAP Complement component 4, partial deficiency of; 120790; C1NH Complement factor H deficiency; 609814; HF1 Complement factor ... HRG Thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, autosomal dominant; 176860; PROC Thrombophilia due to protein C deficiency, ... type C1; 257220; NPC1 Niemann-Pick disease, type C2; 607625; NPC2 Niemann-Pick disease type D; 257220; NPC1 Night blindness, ... Lutheran inhibitor; 111150; KLF1 Bloom syndrome; 210900; RECQL3 Blue cone monochromacy; 303700; OPN1MW Blue cone monochromacy; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

... wnt1 protein MeSH D12.776.624.664.700.978 - wnt2 protein MeSH D12.776.624.776.355.100 - cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15 ... lupus coagulation inhibitor MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.300 - complement c3 nephritic factor MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114. ... cytochromes c1 MeSH D12.776.422.220.286.300 - cytochromes c2 MeSH D12.776.422.220.286.600 - cytochromes c6 MeSH D12.776.422.220 ... groel protein MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.100 - fusion proteins, bcr-abl MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.320 - fusion proteins, gag-onc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

Effector functions also require the use of complement proteins in serum or Fc-receptor on cell membranes. Ansuvimab has been ... August 2011). "Small molecule inhibitors reveal Niemann-Pick C1 is essential for Ebola virus infection". Nature. 477 (7364): ... would interact with virus's cell receptor protein, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). This "competition" by ansuvimab prevents Ebola virus ... Ansuvimab is a neutralizing antibody, meaning it binds to a protein on the surface of Ebola virus that is required to infect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansuvimab

The Factor H-related protein 1 (FHR1) has been identified as a novel inhibitor of the complement pathway. FHR1 blocks C5 ... C2a produced by cleavage mediated by C1 complex, and C3b produced by cleavage mediated by the classical pathway C3 convertase ( ... The target of C5 convertase is complement protein C5. C5 is a two-chain (α, β) plasma glycoprotein (Mr = 196,000). C5 and C3 ... 2009). "Factor H-related protein 1 (FHR-1) inhibits complement C5 convertase activity and terminal complex formation". Blood. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5-convertase

"Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein" ... Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins [D12.776.124.486.274.920.250]. *Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein [D12.776.124.486.274.920. ... "Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein" by people in Profiles. ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Complement%20C1%20Inhibitor%20Protein

Complement, Immunity, Disease, Morbidity, Risk, Mortality, and Treatment ... Human complement regulators C4b-binding protein and C1 esterase inhibitor interact with a novel outer surface protein of ... Human pasteurized C1-inhibitor concentrate for the treatment of hereditary angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency. Abstract ... Treatment with C1-inhibitor concentrate does not induce IgM type anti-C1 inhibitor antibodies in patients with hereditary ...

http://labindex.jove.com/group/Complement-C1-Inhibitor-Protein

C1 Protein Inhibitor) Determination Reagents" , "Reagents, Immunoassay, Protein, Complement Component, C1 Inhibitor" ... an esterase inhibitor of the C1 protein found in the classic pathway of the complement components proteins. The absence of this ... IVD Test Reagent/Kits, Immunoassay, Protein, Complement Component, C1 Inhibitor. Definition : Immunoassay reagents intended to ... Home > Specialties > IVD Test Reagent/Kits, Immunoassay, Protein, Complement Component, C1 Inhibitor ...

http://productguide.optometricmanagement.com/term/5524/ivd-test-reagent-kits-immunoassay-protein-complement-component-c1-inhibitor

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein. Complement Inactivating Agents. Immunosuppressive Agents. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... markedly decreased C1 inhibitor activity, decreased level of C1 inhibitor antigen and a decreased level of C4. ... The changes in the manufacturing process of C1-esteraseremmer-N, compared to Cetor® (the currently marketed C1-inhibitor ... The changes in the manufacturing process of C1-esteraseremmer-N, compared to Cetor® (the currently marketed C1-inhibitor ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00119431

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein. Complement Inactivating Agents. Immunosuppressive Agents. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... Blom AM, Villoutreix BO, Dahlbäck B. Complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein-friend or foe in the innate immune system? Mol ... Davis AE 3rd, Lu F, Mejia P. C1 inhibitor, a multi-functional serine protease inhibitor. Thromb Haemost. 2010 Nov;104(5):886-93 ... The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of recombinant human C1-inhibitor (rhC1INH), as a kidney recipient ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03791476

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein. Complement Inactivating Agents. Immunosuppressive Agents. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... Experimental: Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor Drug: rhC1INH Patients up to 84 kg will receive one i.v. injection of Ruconest at ... Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute Attacks in Pediatric Patients With ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01359969

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein. Complement Inactivating Agents. Immunosuppressive Agents. Immunologic Factors. Physiological ... C1 Inhibitor (C1INH) and C4 Levels [ Time Frame: 18 days in each treatment period ]. *Number of Subjects With C1INH Antibodies ... Drug Information available for: SERPING1 protein, human Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Hereditary ... C1 esterase inhibitor (human). Experimental: IV CINRYZE First, Then SC CINRYZE Dose 2 Biological: CINRYZE C1 esterase inhibitor ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01095497

... complement C3 and C4) and anti-inflammatory (α1 antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)) acute phase proteins in elite ... complement C3 and C4) and anti-inflammatory (α1 antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)) acute phase proteins in elite ... complement C3 and C4) and anti-inflammatory (α1 antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)) acute phase proteins in elite ... complement C3 and C4) and anti-inflammatory (α1 antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)) acute phase proteins in elite ...

https://researchprofiles.canberra.edu.au/en/publications/serum-concentrations-of-c-reactive-protein-alpha1-antitrypsin-and

Endothelial cells cultured from human brain microvessels produce complement proteins factor H, factor B, C1 inhibitor, and C4. ... Endothelial cells cultured from human brain microvessels produce complement proteins factor H, factor B, C1 inhibitor, and C4. ... Endothelial cells cultured from human brain microvessels produce complement proteins factor H, factor B, C1 inhibitor, and C4. ... In the present study, expression of complement proteins (C1 inhibitor, factor H, factor B, C4) by cultured endothelial cells ...

https://hungary.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/endothelial-cells-cultured-from-human-brain-microvessels-produce-

Keywords: Angioedema; Bradykinin; Complement C1 esterase inhibitor protein; Kallikrein; SERPING1. Publication types * English ... as a primary immunodeficiency of the complement system because it is characterized by the absence of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1- ... debido a que se caracteriza por la ausencia de C1 inhibidor esterasa y por edema periódico de cualquier región del cuerpo que ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32892525/

Several studies in rodents suggest that the alternative pathway of the complement system plays a pivotal role in renal ische … ... Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein / biosynthesis * Complement C1q / metabolism * Complement C4b / metabolism * Complement System ... The infusion of C1-inhibitor led to a significant reduction in peritubular capillary and glomerular C4d and C5b-9 deposition. ... C1-inhibitor administration led to significant inhibition of tubular damage and tubular epithelial cells apoptosis. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20150432/?dopt=Abstract

Angioedemas, hereditary; Complement C1 inhibitor protein; Therapy [subheading]; Receptors, bradykinin; Bradykinin. CONTEXTO E ... Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency is a rare disease that manifests as recurrent episodes of ... Two forms of HAE have been described: type I HAE with low C1-INH antigenic protein and functional activity (85% of the cases); ... Zanichelli A, Vacchini R, Badini M, Penna V, Cicardi M. Standard care impact on angioedema because of hereditary C1 inhibitor ...

https://www.scielo.br/j/spmj/a/sCKcjRbDFPfVjzBw9dqDqWq/?lang=en

... is caused by a deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor and is characterized by sudden attacks of edema associated with discomfort ... 0/Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; 0/Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein; 0/Estrogen Antagonists; 0/SERPING1 protein, human; ... Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins / adverse effects, therapeutic use. Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein / metabolism. Danazol / ... Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by a deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor and is characterized by sudden attacks of edema ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Clinical-review-hereditary-angioedema-diagnosis/19940422.html

2010) Human complement regulators C4b-binding protein and C1 esterase inhibitor interact with a novel outer surface protein of ... these proteins are the surface lipoproteins vlp and vsp, which are also known to be its main proinflammatory proteins (30). The ... 2002) Characterisation of silent and active genes for a variable large protein of Borrelia recurrentis. BMC Infect Dis 2:25. ... 3). Strikingly, these genes mark the end of mapping for plasmid pl33 and pl37, while pl53 retains a hypothetical protein at its ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/41/10422

... only one per protein). (F) Assignment of N termini to C1 inhibitor (C1 Inh) and ApoC1. C1 inhibitor was identified by its ... C1 inhibitor also controls the complement system whereby intact C1 inhibitor reduces the extent of complement activation (9). ... We found that the complement 1 (C1) inhibitor attenuated the increase in serum protein accumulation in inflamed skin. Cleavage ... D) Inhibition of complement activity by C1 inhibitor (C1 Inh) as assessed in a hemolytic assay with sheep red blood cells. ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/6/258/rs2

Complement has long been regarded as a pivotal effector arm of the innate immune response, eliciting important immunoregulatory ... Human Astrovirus Coat Protein: A Novel C1 Inhibitor Neel K. Krishna, Kenji M. Cunnion ... protein structures, design of complement inhibitors, and complement assays discussed during the conference. ... Role of Complement in Motor Neuron Disease: Animal Models and Therapeutic Potential of Complement Inhibitors ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-0-387-78952-1

People with a condition called hereditary angioedema do not have enough of this protein. Hereditary angioedema can cause ... Complement C1 esterase inhibitor is a man-made form of a protein in blood that helps control swelling in the body. ... What is complement C1 esterase inhibitor?. Complement C1 esterase inhibitor is a man-made form of a protein in blood that helps ... Complement C1 esterase inhibitor is used in people with hereditary angioedema. Berinert is used to treat attacks of angioedema ...

https://www.wellspan.org/health-library/Document.aspx?id=d05864a1

... zinc finger protein 23 (ZNF23), collagen type XXVII al (COL27AI), Kazrin isoform-1, keratin-associated protein 10-9 (KRTAPIO-9 ... Huntingtin (HTT), microtubule associated protein 9 (MAP9), coiled-coil domain-containing protein 13 (CCDC13), inositol ... ALLI-fused gene from chromosome 4 protein (AR4)/Fragile X Mental Retardation 2 (FMR2) family member 3 (AFF3), transthyretin ( ... methods include providing a sample from the subject and detecting the level of one or more of growth arrest-specific protein 1 ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/EP2756302A1/en

Complement has long been regarded as a pivotal effector arm of the innate immune response, eliciting important immunoregulatory ... Human Astrovirus Coat Protein: A Novel C1 Inhibitor. Pages 228-242. Krishna, Neel K. (et al.) ... protein structures, design of complement inhibitors, and complement assays discussed during the conference. ... Role of Complement in Motor Neuron Disease: Animal Models and Therapeutic Potential of Complement Inhibitors ...

https://www.springer.com/us/book/9780387789514

Complement C1 Esterase inhibitor. 15-35. Complement C1r Component. -. Complement C4 Binding Protein. -. ... Many of these proteins are produced on a large-scale custom basis under GMP for our manufacturing customers. For more extensive ... It is estimated that plasma may contain as many as 40,000 different proteins from about 500 gene products. Sigma-Aldrich has ... From "The Plasma Proteins", Volume IV, 2nd Edition, 1984, Frank W. Putnam. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/plasma-derived-proteins.html

Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/genetics. Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/chemistry. Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/ ... 0 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins); 0 (Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein); 0 ( ... 0 (Antifibrinolytic Agents); 0 (Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins); 0 (Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein); 0 (Complement ... Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins); 0 (Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein); 0 (Peptides); 0 (Recombinant Proteins); 0 (SERPING1 ...

http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&base=MEDLINE&lang=i&nextAction=lnk&isisFrom=1&count=10&exprSearch=Hereditary%20and%20Angioedema%20and%20Type%20and%20III

... exp Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/ OR exp Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/ OR exp Complement C1/ OR c1 esterase inhibitor. ... OR c1 inhibitor.mp.) LIMIT to English Language and Humans CINAHL - (Angioedema) AND (Fresh Frozen Plasma) and (C1 inhibitor) ... In the UK C1 inhibitor is licensed for use in acute hereditary angioedema attacks and despite a lack of clinical trials it is ... Despite little evidence C1 inhibitor seems to be the treatment of choice for acute hereditary angioedema attacks rather than ...

https://bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=2033

Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor for the treatment of hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) ... human SERPING1 protein * Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein * Hereditary Angioedemas * ecallantide * Bradykinin Receptor ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/organisations/department-of-medicine-2/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Fsystematicreview&page=4

C1 INH) deficiency. The preparation of nanofiltered C1 INH (C1 INH-nf) used in this study is indicated for routine prophylaxis ... C1 INH) deficiency. The preparation of nanofiltered C1 INH (C1 INH-nf) used in this study is indicated for routine prophylaxis ... C1 INH) deficiency. The preparation of nanofiltered C1 INH (C1 INH-nf) used in this study is indicated for routine prophylaxis ... C1 INH) deficiency. The preparation of nanofiltered C1 INH (C1 INH-nf) used in this study is indicated for routine prophylaxis ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/nanofiltered-c1-esterase-inhibitor-for-treatment-of-laryngeal-att

... complement C4-B (231%), serum amyloid A-4 protein (210%), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (191%), and alpha-1- ... complement C4-B (231%), serum amyloid A-4 protein (210%), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (191%), and alpha-1- ... Proteomic analysis indicated large increases for immune-related proteins involved with complement activation and the acute ... The blood proteins with the largest increase were complement component C7 (359%), ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2019.01410/full

Complement 1 inhibitor (C1-INH)* is a critically important protein that controls activation of multiple plasma mediator ... We studied complement 1 inhibitor (C1-INH) as an inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway. C1-INH prevented lysis, ... C1-INH and alternative-complement activities in C1-INH depleted serum. C1-INH functional activity (white bars) and alternative- ... All the above attempts failed to detect interaction between labeled proteins and C1-INH or control proteins. However, C1-INH ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/194/11/1609

C1 inhibitor is one of the proteins in the complement system, which is part of the immune system. Symptoms usually start during ... acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency) are caused by a deficiency or malfunction of C1 inhibitor, which is part of the immune system ... Acquired C1 Inhibitor Deficiency). By Peter J. Delves, PhD, Professor of Immunology, Division of Infection & Immunity, Faculty ... These drugs, taken by mouth, can stimulate the body to produce more C1 inhibitor, but they may be less effective for acquired ...

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune-disorders/allergic-reactions-and-other-hypersensitivity-disorders/hereditary-and-acquired-angioedema?Ref=s&ItemId=v6575594&RefId=/immune_disorders/allergic_reactions_and_other_hypersensitivity_disorders/hereditary_and_acquired_angioedema&Speed=256&Plugin=WMP&Error=

C1-INH,May,Aid,in,Prevention,of,Antibody-Mediated,Rejection,Following,Kidney,Transplant,biological,advanced biology technology, ... SAN FRANCISCO July 30 2014 /-...The study shows that post-transplant treatment with C1-INH results in ... Antibody-mediated ... C1-INH is a human protein and an important inhibitor of the complement system. ... C1-INH function and antigen levels in blood increased with C1-INH treatment [C1 function (p=0.0007) and C1-INH antigen percent ...

http://bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Study-Suggests-C1-INH-May-Aid-in-Prevention-of-Antibody-Mediated-Rejection-Following-Kidney-Transplant-29756-1/

... of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) - a protein that prevents complement activation by both the classic route and the mannan-binding ... Fresh-frozen plasma contains several complement proteins and is considered first-line therapy where C1 esterase inhibitor ... C1 esterase inhibitor protein can be used for long-term prophylaxis in selected patients.3 ... The most effective medical treatment for acute episodes of HA is intravenous C1 esterase inhibitor protein,3 which is ...

http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0256-95742009000100015&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins. Phase 1. 41. Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein. Phase 1. ... C1-esterase Inhibitor (Cinryze) for Acute Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Exacerbation. Completed. NCT01759602 Phase 1. C1- ... esterase inhibitor (Cinryze). 7. Ublituximab for Acute Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) Relapses. Active, not recruiting. NCT02276963 ...

http://www.malacards.org/card/acute_transverse_myelitis

The Effectiveness and Value of Lanadelumab and C1 Esterase Inhibitors for Prophylaxis of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks. (harvard.edu)
The absence of this inhibitor is associated with an inherited disease (i.e., angioedema) that causes localized subcutaneous and visceral edema. (optometricmanagement.com)
A multicentre study to investigate pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of nanofiltered Cetor® (called C1-esteraseremmer-N during the development phase) for the treatment of hereditary angioedema (HAE) will be performed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This study KB2003.01 consists of three parts, part A pharmacokinetics (phase II), part B treatment of attacks of angioedema (phase III) and part C prophylactic use of C1 inhibitor (phase III). (clinicaltrials.gov)
In part A, the pharmacokinetics of C1-esteraseremmer-N in patients with hereditary angioedema will be compared with the current registered product, Cetor®, in a randomised, blinded cross-over design. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hereditary angioedema is classified as a primary immunodeficiency of the complement system because it is characterized by the absence of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) and by the periodic edema of any region of the body that involves soft tissue. (nih.gov)
Antecedentes: El angioedema hereditario se encuentra clasificado como una inmunodeficiencia primaria del sistema de complemento, debido a que se caracteriza por la ausencia de C1 inhibidor esterasa y por edema periódico de cualquier región del cuerpo que involucre tejido blando. (nih.gov)
Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de angioedema hereditario atendidos en el Servicio de Alergología Clínica del Hospital México de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social. (nih.gov)
Los datos fueron obtenidos de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de angioedema hereditario que estaban en seguimiento en el Servicio de Alergología del Hospital México, Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social. (nih.gov)
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1 inhibitor deficiency manifests as recurrent episodes of edema involving the skin, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. (scielo.br)
O angioedema hereditário (AEH) com deficiência de inibidor de C1 manifesta-se por episódios recorrentes de edema envolvendo pele, trato respiratório superior e gastrointestinal. (scielo.br)
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is caused by a deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor and is characterized by sudden attacks of edema associated with discomfort and pain. (biomedsearch.com)
People with a condition called hereditary angioedema do not have enough of this protein. (wellspan.org)
Complement C1 esterase inhibitor is used in people with hereditary angioedema. (wellspan.org)
They had a familial history of angioedema and normal C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) levels, leading to the diagnosis of HAE with normal C1-INH (HAEnC1-INH) or HAE type III. (bireme.br)
Background: Laryngeal edema is a life-threatening manifestation of hereditary angioedema (HAE), an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by quantitative or functional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) deficiency. (elsevier.com)
The preparation of nanofiltered C1 INH (C1 INH-nf) used in this study is indicated for routine prophylaxis against angioedema attacks in the United States and for treatment, preprocedure prevention, and routine prevention of HAE in Europe. (elsevier.com)
Conclusion: This analysis supports that C1 INH-nf is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for laryngeal angioedema attacks. (elsevier.com)
BestBets: In patients with acute hereditary angioedema is treatment with C1 esterase inhibitor better than fresh frozen plasma? (bestbets.org)
In the UK C1 inhibitor is licensed for use in acute hereditary angioedema attacks and despite a lack of clinical trials it is recommended for use over fresh frozen plasma. (bestbets.org)
Despite little evidence C1 inhibitor seems to be the treatment of choice for acute hereditary angioedema attacks rather than fresh frozen plasma but more trials need to be carried out. (bestbets.org)
Hereditary angioedema (a genetic disorder) and acquired angioedema (acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency) are caused by a deficiency or malfunction of C1 inhibitor, which is part of the immune system. (merckmanuals.com)
Hereditary angioedema is a genetic disorder that causes a deficiency or malfunction of C1 inhibitor. (merckmanuals.com)
Doctors diagnose hereditary or acquired angioedema by measuring C1 inhibitor levels or activity in a sample of blood. (merckmanuals.com)
The inhibition of C1-inhibitor leads to over-activation of the complement pathway and one protein that builds up controls angioedema (vessel - swelling), resulting in excess water building up under the skin (the weal appearance). (wikipedia.org)
The literature search was performed using Pubmed, and the terms Africa and African and Zulu in combination with each of C1 esterase inhibitor, hereditary angio-oedema and hereditary angioedema . (scielo.org.za)
While functional anti-FceRIa and anti-lgE have the potential to play a role in histamine-mediated angioedema, C1 inhibitor (INH) deficiency or dysfunction, sometimes due to anti-C1 INH, plays a role in bradykinin (BK)-mediated angioedema. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency: Patient registry and approach to the prevalence in Spain. (thefreedictionary.com)
15 Feb 2018 According to a Shire media release, based on the data of LEVP 2006-1, LEVP 2006-4, 0624-203 and 0624-301 studies, U.S. FDA has accepted the CINRYZE (C1 esterase inhibitor [human]) sBLA to expand the currently approved indication to include children aged 6 years and older with hereditary angioedema (HAE). (springer.com)
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by deficient or dysfunctional C1 esterase inhibitor. (elsevier.com)
Introduction:Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disorder characterized by C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency, resulting in periodic attacks of acute edema that can be life-threatening if they occur in the laryngeal region. (elsevier.com)
Kiessling, Peter C. / Prospective study of rapid relief provided by C1 esterase inhibitor in emergency treatment of acute laryngeal attacks in hereditary angioedema . (elsevier.com)
They were diagnosed as having hereditary angioedema with C1-INH deficiency (C1-INH hereditary angioedema) for the first time. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Patients with C1-INH hereditary angioedema may be misdiagnosed as having familial Mediterranean fever in regions where the disorder is endemic. (bvsalud.org)
Danazol and C1 replacement treatments provide significant reduction in hereditary angioedema attacks. (bvsalud.org)
We report on an angioedema patient with a genetic defect in complement 1 inhibitor, manifesting migraine-like episodes of headache, effective prophylaxis with Danazol, and triptan for a treatment of acute clinical episode. (bvsalud.org)
Hereditary angioedema is a disease of congenital deficiency or functional defect in the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) consequent to mutation in the SERPING1 gene, which encodes C1-INH. (bvsalud.org)
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of type 2 hereditary angioedema in Korea that was consequent to SERPING1 mutation and involved a significantly elevated level of C1-INH as well as a low level of C1-INH activity. (bvsalud.org)
En el mundo, el angioedema hereditario (HAE) afecta a 1 de cada 50 000 personas. (bvsalud.org)
Although hereditary angioedema accounts for only a small fraction of all cases of angioedema, it is the most common genetically linked clinical disorder caused by the deficiency of a protein associated with complement activation. (utmb.edu)
Conestat alfa is a recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor, which inhibits activation of the complement system and is licensed in Europe and USA for the treatment of a hereditary condition (hereditary angioedema). (centerwatch.com)
Patients with recurrent angioedema without wheals, who are not on ACE-inhibitors, should be asked for a detailed family history. (epgonline.org)
They should be checked for hereditary bradykinin-mediated angioedema (HAE I-III) and angioedema due to acquired C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) deﬁciency (AAE). (epgonline.org)
2 Normal C4 complement levels, C1-inhibitor protein and function levels, the absence of C1-INH antibodies, or mutations in the C1-INH or factor XII gene rules out bradykinin-related angioedema. (epgonline.org)
For example, C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency is the underlying defect in hereditary angioedema, discussed in a separate chapter. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
If the level of C1 inhibitors is not normal and is lower or higher in the blood, it leads to hereditary or acquired angioedema. (marketresearchreports.biz)
The global C1 inhibitors market is projected to grow at a rapid pace due to usage in hereditary angioedema (HAE) treatment and more preferred use as prophylactic treatment. (marketresearchreports.biz)
Common symptoms of C1 deficiency leading to hereditary or acquired angioedema are painful swelling on face, lips, tongue, hands, feet, and others. (marketresearchreports.biz)
C1 inhibitors are the most effective and feasible treatment for HAE and acquired angioedema. (marketresearchreports.biz)
Acquired angioedema (AAE) patients have deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) that is not due to genetic defect. (mastattack.org)
Deficiencies in C1inhibitor are the primary cause of hereditary angioedema (HAE, hereditary angioneurotic edema), a disease characterized by edema in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. (reliatech.de)
A deficiência do inibidor de C1 leva a uma patologia conhecida como angioedema hereditário. (usp.br)
The deficiency of C1 inhibitor leads to a condition known as hereditary angioedema. (usp.br)
Treatment for HAE follows the guidelines set out by the World Allergy Organization (WAO) by using C1-INH or other drugs to treat hereditary angioedema. (medicinenet.com)
Deficiency of or defect in the protein causes hereditary angioedema . (thefreedictionary.com)
The cause of hereditary angioedema is due to a problem with a gene that produces a protein termed C1 inhibitor (C1-INH). (rxlist.com)
Hereditary Angioedema is caused by a missing C1 esterase inhibitor protein (C1-INH), which helps regulate inflammation. (pptaglobal.org)
12 A complement deficiency that is a functional deficiency in the complement component C1 inhibitor leading to hereditary angioedema (HAE) involving swelling due to leakage of fluid from blood vessels into connective tissue. (malacards.org)
C1 Inhibitor Deficiency, also known as angioedemas, hereditary , is related to acquired angioedema and hereditary angioedema , and has symptoms including edema and peau d'orange . (malacards.org)

Key fluid phase complement regulators include Factor H (FH), Factor I (FI), C4-binding protein (C4BP) and C1 inhibitor (C1INH). (biomedcentral.com)
C1 inhibitor (C1INH) regulates the C1 protein, which activates the complement system (for fighting infections), controls formation of blood clots and generation of bradykinin. (mastattack.org)
AAE often presents with low CH50, C2, C4 and sometimes C1q, poorly functioning or low C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH). (mastattack.org)
C1 inhibitor (C1INH) inactivates C1r and C1s to stop the complement pathway. (mastattack.org)
We measured five complement biomarkers [complement receptor 1 … (CR1), clusterin, complement component 9 (C9), C1 inhibitor (C1inh), terminal complement complex (TCC)] and the benchmark inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). (iospress.com)

Objectives: To determine serum concentrations of proinflammatory (C reactive protein, complement C3 and C4) and anti-inflammatory (α1 antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)) acute phase proteins in elite cyclists before and during a three week cycle tour. (edu.au)
abstract = "Objectives: To determine serum concentrations of proinflammatory (C reactive protein, complement C3 and C4) and anti-inflammatory (α1 antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH)) acute phase proteins in elite cyclists before and during a three week cycle tour.Methods: Seventeen professional cyclists participating in the Vuelta a Espańa volunteered for the study. (edu.au)
During inflammation, vascular permeability is increased by various proteolytic events, such as the generation of bradykinin, that augment local tissue responses by enabling tissue penetration of serum proteins, including complement and acute-phase proteins. (sciencemag.org)
In response to phorbol ester-induced inflammation, mice deficient in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) showed reduced accumulation of serum proteins in the skin and exhibited different proteolytic networks from those of wild-type mice. (sciencemag.org)
C1-INH prevented lysis, induced by the alternative complement pathway, of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes in human serum. (rupress.org)
Removal of C1-INH from serum, in the presence of Mg-EGTA with an anti-C1-INH immunoabsorbant, markedly increased alternative-pathway lysis. (rupress.org)
Arp2/3 Coronin Dystrophin FtsZ Gloverin Keratin Myosin Tubulin Collagen Elastin F-spondin Pikachurin Fibronectin Serum Amyloid P Component Serum albumin Complement proteins C1-inhibitor C3-convertase Factor VIII Factor XIII Protein C Protein S Protein Z Protein Z-related protease inhibitor Thrombin Von Willebrand Factor C-reactive protein Hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) Cadherin Ependymin Integrin NCAM Selectin Ion pumping enzymes are in the enzymes section. (wikipedia.org)
Although often overlooked as a defense of the respiratory tract, complement levels in this location are normally 10 to 20% of that found in serum and increase during inflammation ( 21 ). (asm.org)
Resistance to complement mediated killing, or serum resistance, is a common trait of pathogenic bacteria. (semanticscholar.org)
Marr N, Shah N, Lee R, Kim E, Fernandez R. Bordetella pertussis autotransporter Vag8 binds human C1 esterase inhibitor and confers serum resistance. (labome.org)
Surrogate markers of kidney injury including serum creatinine and cystatin C and urinary Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and TIMP2 * Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) will be assessed over a 48 hours time period. (centerwatch.com)
Serum C1 esterase inhibitor levels immediately before and 10 minutes after administration of Conestat alfa or placebo will be assessed. (centerwatch.com)
The role of thyroxine (T4)-binding serum proteins in oleic acid-induced increase in free T4 in nonthyroidal illnesses. (harvard.edu)
Seasonal changes in serum thyroid hormone binding proteins in the woodchuck (Marmota monax). (harvard.edu)
HAE is diagnosed by the patient's appearance, family history, blood testing for serum C4 levels, and other complement levels such as C1, C2 and C4. (medicinenet.com)
The transfer of the major egg yolk proteins such as Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) containing essentially apovitellenin and apolipoprotein-B, but also vitellogenins and some other plasma proteins from the blood such as serum albumin to the interstitial fluid of the thecae is possible due to the presence of broad discontinuities in the capillary endothelium. (biomedcentral.com)
Two types exist: type I, in which reduced serum levels of functionally active C1 inactivator occur, and type II, in which normal or even elevated levels of functionally inactive C1 inactivator are present. (viracor-eurofins.com)

It develops when certain cancers (such as lymphoma) or autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus [lupus] or dermatomyositis) cause a deficiency of C1 inhibitor. (merckmanuals.com)
Hereditary angioneurotic edema is a rare disorder caused by the congenital deficiency of C1 inhibitor. (nih.gov)

plasma is possible) to detect and/or measure levels of alpha-2-globulin, an esterase inhibitor of the C1 protein found in the classic pathway of the complement components proteins. (optometricmanagement.com)
Several studies in rodents suggest that the alternative pathway of the complement system plays a pivotal role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. (nih.gov)
We studied complement 1 inhibitor (C1-INH) as an inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway. (rupress.org)
C1-INH is a known inhibitor of kinin generating (kallikrein), fibrinolytic (plasmin), and contact activation (intrinsic) pathway of the coagulation cascade (factor XIIa, XIIf, and factor XIa) ( 1 , 6 - 9 ). (rupress.org)
Recently, it has been shown to be an inhibitor of the mannan-binding lectin pathway of complement activation, inhibiting mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) in that pathway ( 10 ). (rupress.org)
Because the alternative complement pathway has many features in common with the classical complement pathway, and because many proteins of that pathway function in a manner analogous to proteins of the classical pathway, we studied the role of the C1-INH in inhibition of the alternative complement pathway. (rupress.org)
and factor D serves a function analogous to that of C1 of the classical pathway. (rupress.org)
C1q is an integral component within the complement pathway - a complicated cascade of protein interactions, culminating in an immune response against a broad variety of pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
The anti-C1q antibodies found in patients with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis activate C1q, which instigates activation of the entire complement pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The complement pathway is composed of several subset pathways: the lectin/mannose pathway, alternative pathway and the classical pathway. (wikipedia.org)
All pathways culminate in the production of a C3 convertase, which catalyses C3 into its constitutive parts (better detailed here - classical complement pathway). (wikipedia.org)
Also, there has been some speculation as to an additional autoantibody against an inhibitor protein (in the complement pathway) named C1-inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
It is a consequence of either a deficiency (type 1 - 85% of affected families) or a dysfunction (type 2) of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) - a protein that prevents complement activation by both the classic route and the mannan-binding pathway. (scielo.org.za)
This unit describes several assay methods that can be used to determine the functional status of the classical pathway of complement and to quantitate its component proteins. (currentprotocols.com)
These studies show that BrkA inhibits the classical pathway of complement activation and prevents accumulation of deposited C4. (asm.org)
Antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of a microorganism can activate the classical pathway of complement, a part of the acquired immune system (Fig. 1 ), by providing a binding site for C1. (asm.org)
Mannose binding protein activates the classical pathway by binding to mannose residues on microbial surfaces and activating C4 in a manner similar to that for C1. (asm.org)
Both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation are represented, although details are given only for the classical pathway. (asm.org)
Interestingly, B. pertussis does not activate the alternative pathway of complement ( 7 ). (asm.org)
The Bordetella resistance to killing (BrkA) protein has been shown to inhibit killing by this pathway ( 7 ). (asm.org)
Each complement activation pathway is initiated by a distinct set of recognition molecules and converges at the cleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b. (jimmunol.org)
Following renal ischemia activation of the lectin pathway of complement in particular has been associated with local tissue damage in the kidney. (centerwatch.com)
The complement system is composed of three pathways: the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway (Figure 1). (psychiatryadvisor.com)
A second set of initiating proteins, the ficolins, interact with acetylated sugars and proceed as in the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Our data demonstrated that the CSF levels of complement components of C1q, FB, MBL as well as complement pathway factors sC5b-9 and complement regulator FH were all elevated in patients with CM as compared to the controls, CSF C3 breakdown products iC3b were found in both CSF and plasma samples of the CM patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The classical pathway is activated by C1 protein when microbes are present. (mastattack.org)
The alternative pathway is activated by the C3 protein changing into C3b. (mastattack.org)
The lectin pathway is activated by two proteins called MBL and ficolin binding to the surfaces of microbes. (mastattack.org)
C1q is the target recognition protein of the classical complement pathway and a major connecting link between innate and acquired immunity. (naver.com)
C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) a member of the serpin group, an inhibitor of C1, the initial component activated in the classical complement pathway . (thefreedictionary.com)
An important gene associated with C1 Inhibitor Deficiency is SERPING1 (Serpin Family G Member 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Formation of Fibrin Clot (Clotting Cascade) and Immune response Lectin induced complement pathway . (malacards.org)

The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of recombinant human C1-inhibitor (rhC1INH), as a kidney recipient intra- and post operative treatment strategy to decrease systemic inflammation and decrease the incidence of DGF from donation after cardiac death donors (DCD). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Conestat alfa (recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor) has been shown to decrease renal ischemic damage in experimental models of renal ischemia. (centerwatch.com)
The Recombinant Human C1 Esterase Inhibitor in the Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in High-risk Subjects (PROTECT) Study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind single-center trial that will assess the effect of prophylactic administration of Conestat alfa on the degree of acute kidney injury subjects undergoing elective coronary angiography. (centerwatch.com)
On 20 February 2007, orphan designation (EU/3/07/435) was granted by the European Commission to Pharming Group N.V., Netherlands, for recombinant human C1-inhibitor for the prevention of delayed graft function in organ transplant. (europa.eu)
Recombinant human C1-inhibitor is analogous to a natural human protein, C1-inhibitor, which circulates in low levels in the blood. (europa.eu)
At the time of submission of the application for orphan designation, no clinical trials with recombinant human C1-inhibitor in patients with delayed graft function in organ transplant were initiated. (europa.eu)
Recombinant human C1-inhibitor was not authorised anywhere worldwide for prevention of delayed graft function in organ transplant, at the time of submission. (europa.eu)
Orphan designation of recombinant human C1-inhibitor was granted in the United States for the condition in June 2006. (europa.eu)
Measured by its ability to inhibit recombinant human complement component C1a cleavage of a colorimetric peptide substrate, N Carbobenzyloxy-Lys-ThioBenzyl ester (Z-K-SBzl). (reliatech.de)
Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor is a highly glycosylated glycoprotein containing 445 amino acid residues (49.4kDa), corresponding to amino acids 56 - 500 of the C1 inhibitor precursor, and is fully functional in its ability to inhibit the C1 complex. (reliatech.de)

Additionally, there are three autosomal dominant inherited forms known, due to mutations in the genes that control the clotting cascade , including the SERPING1 gene, which results in deficiency of the blood protein C1-inhibitor (type I HAE) and the F12 gene, which controls Factor XII (type III HAE). (bionity.com)

In conclusion, we demonstrated the activation and a pathogenic role of classical and lectin pathways of complement in a swine model of ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal damage. (nih.gov)
Several surfaces that have the capacity for initiating FXII contact activation have been identified, including misfolded protein aggregates, collagen, nucleic acids, and platelet and microbial polyphosphate. (bireme.br)
Proteomic analysis indicated large increases for immune-related proteins involved with complement activation and the acute phase response, which could be useful biomarkers for non-functional overreaching. (frontiersin.org)
Complement 1 inhibitor (C1-INH) * is a critically important protein that controls activation of multiple plasma mediator pathways ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
The study shows that post-transplant treatment with C1-INH results in significant increases in the levels of complement components 3 and 4, suggesting that C1-INH inhibits activation of the complement system following transplantation. (bio-medicine.org)
Antibody-mediated rejection is a major cause of kidney transplant failure and is often associated with activation of complement, a set of proteins that work with antibodies and play a role in the development of inflammation and tissue damage. (bio-medicine.org)
Our findings provide additional insight into how C1-INH affects complement activation and represent an important advance in the study of complement-targeting therapeutics. (bio-medicine.org)
Complement activation was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blotting. (asm.org)
The nonactivated complement proteins are indicated above and to the right of the wide arrows, and the arrows pointing from them show the product that is released during activation. (asm.org)
Regulation of complement activation by C-reactive protein: targeting of the inhibitory activity of C4b-binding protein. (semanticscholar.org)
Its protein inhibits activated C1r and C1s of the first complement component and thus regulates complement activation. (genetex.com)
Previous work has defined an immune evasion role of flavivirus NS1 in limiting complement activation by forming a complex with C1s and C4 to promote cleavage of C4 to C4b. (jimmunol.org)
In this study, we demonstrate a second mechanism, also involving C4 and its active fragment C4b, by which NS1 antagonizes complement activation. (jimmunol.org)
Together, these studies further define the immune evasion potential of NS1 in reducing the functional capacity of C4 in complement activation and control of flavivirus infection. (jimmunol.org)
In regard to complement resistance, Borrelia utilize a plethora of immune evasion strategies involves capturing of host-derived complement regulators, terminating complement activation as well as shedding of cell-destroying complement complexes to manipulate and to expeditiously inhibit human complement. (frontiersin.org)
This prolonged neuroprotection may depend, at least in part, on increased expression of neuroplasticity-related genes driven by reduced complement activation. (springer.com)
2003. Complement activation contributes to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. (springer.com)
The underlying immune response is highly complex and involves activation of the complement system as a crucial entity of innate immunity. (hindawi.com)
Uncontrolled activation of the complement system during sepsis and SIRS with in excessive generation of complement activation products contributes to an ensuing dysfunction of various organ systems. (hindawi.com)
In humans, the plasma levels of complement activation products rise early, are persistently elevated in patients after thermal injury, trauma, and sepsis, and correlate with the severity of injury and inversely with the outcome [ 16 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is well established that activation of the complement cascade alters functional responses of neutrophils (PMN) in the course of systemic inflammation and contributes to the development of organ failure [ 15 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
This damage, called "reperfusion injury", is associated with an inflammatory reaction, characterised by an invasion of white blood cell in the transplanted organ, and activation of a group of proteins called the complement system. (europa.eu)
complement activation is thought to play a critical role in the reperfusion injury. (europa.eu)
Blocking complement activation is known to improve the function of transplanted kidneys in experimental models. (europa.eu)
Complement has many functions, including promoting phagocytosis of pathogens by acting as an opsonin, inducing lysis of bacteria or susceptible cells and generatinginflammation by products formed during complement activation. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Complement is often associated with unregulated inflammation, and many mechanisms exist for downregulation of complement activation. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for complement components, cytokine IL-12 and western blot for C3 activation were performed on CSF and plasma samples. (biomedcentral.com)
The activity of the complement system in CSF was increased in non-HIV patients with CM. C1q, MBL and FB are the important participants in the complement activation in CM. The relative contribution of each of the specific complement pathways and complement cascades in protection and inflammation resolution against CM warrant further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of the complement system in response to invading pathogens is initiated through the classical (CP), alternative (AP) and lectin (LP) pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The complement system has the inhibitory proteins to regulate the location and efficacy of complement activation. (biomedcentral.com)
C1 inhibitors are protease inhibitors whose main function is inhibition of the complement system to prevent spontaneous activation. (marketresearchreports.biz)
C1Inhibitor is a protease inhibitor that functions to inhibit the complement system in order to prevent over-activation or spontaneous activation. (reliatech.de)
Inhibition is achieved by binding to and irreversibly inhibiting the C1r and C1s proteases of the C1 complex, which has the effect of shutting down all subsequent downstream events in the complement activation cascade. (reliatech.de)
The inflammation in turn, is an important body's response to the aggression and involves several biological mechanisms related and highly regulated, such as coagulation, fibrinolysis, activation of the complement system (CS), oxidation and hormonal regulation. (usp.br)
Activation of coagulation factor XII is controlled by the same regulatory protein activation of the complement inhibitor C1. (usp.br)
The problem with the autosomal dominant gene is that it does not produce enough C1 inhibitor (a protein that inhibits the complement system from self-activation) so that the body allows fluid to escape from tiny blood vessels into many different areas. (rxlist.com)

Complement research is now faced with the challenge of trying to integrate isolated biochemical pathways into complex gene and protein regulatory circuits. (springer.com)
It is estimated that plasma may contain as many as 40,000 different proteins from about 500 gene products. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Genetic studies have made advancements in establishing the molecular cause of this disease, identifying mutations in the complement factor H (CFH) gene and a locus on chromosome 10 encompassing the HTRA1/LOC387715/ARMS2 genes. (cdc.gov)
This gene encodes a highly glycosylated plasma protein involved in the regulation of the complement cascade. (genetex.com)
Methods: The medical history, clinical features and C1-INH gene mutation of a Turkish family were investigated and outcomes of long-term treatments were described. (bvsalud.org)
A) in C1-INH gene was detected. (bvsalud.org)
C1 inhibitors are heavy glycosylated proteins and the human C1-inhibitor gene is found on the eleventh chromosome. (marketresearchreports.biz)

C1-inhibitor administration led to significant inhibition of tubular damage and tubular epithelial cells apoptosis. (nih.gov)
2009. Neuroprotection in stroke by complement inhibition and immunoglobulin therapy. (springer.com)
C1 inhibitor: biologic activities that are independent of protease inhibition. (naver.com)

Increase in level of bradykinin caused by C1 deficiency leads to HAE and acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency. (marketresearchreports.biz)

This powerful surveillance system comprises a network of precursors, regulatory and inhibitory proteins that can be immediately activated upon recognition of invading microorganisms ( 9 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)

Part B + C will provide data on the efficacy of C1-esteraseremmer-N. (clinicaltrials.gov)
SAN FRANCISCO , July 30, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- A study presented at the 2014 World Transplant Congress evaluated the safety and efficacy of CSL Behring's C1 Inhibitor (C1-INH) concentrate in preventing antibody-mediated rejection following kidney transplants in highly sensitized patients. (bio-medicine.org)
We assessed the efficacy of C1-INH concentrate in the emergency treatment of rarely occurring acute laryngeal HAE attacks in a prospective, open-label clinical study. (elsevier.com)

The aim here was to evaluate the response to therapy for these attacks using icatibant, an inhibitor of the bradykinin receptor, which was recently introduced into Brazil. (scielo.br)

The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of C1 INH-nf when used for the treatment of laryngeal attacks. (elsevier.com)
Methods: A post hoc analysis of an open-label treatment study evaluated the effectiveness of C1 INH-nf in the treatment of laryngeal attacks in patients with HAE. (elsevier.com)
When C1 INH-nf was administered within 4 hours of symptom onset, clinical relief was achieved in 94% (45/48) of attacks within 4 hours after treatment. (elsevier.com)
Of 265 attacks from the four studies, 62% received two 1000-U doses of C1 INH-nf. (elsevier.com)
If approved for this new indication, RUCONEST is to become the first C1 inhibitor therapy to be approved for both acute treatment and prophylaxis of HAE attacks. (thefreedictionary.com)
Methods Acute laryngeal attacks were each treated with C1-INH concentrate (Berinert) at a single dose of 20 U/kg body weight. (elsevier.com)
Conclusion C1-INH concentrate is an effective and safe emergency treatment for providing reliable and rapid relief from the potentially life-threatening symptoms of laryngeal HAE attacks. (elsevier.com)
C1 inhibitors are used to treat acute attacks and as routine prophylaxis against HAE. (marketresearchreports.biz)

We quantified changes in the proteome and the nature of protein amino termini (the N-terminome) and the altered abundance of murine proteases and inhibitors during skin inflammation. (sciencemag.org)
Through analysis of the N-terminome by iTRAQ-TAILS, we identified cotranslational and posttranslational αN-acetylation motifs, quantitative increases in protein abundance, and qualitative changes in the proteolytic signature during inflammation. (sciencemag.org)
Of the proteins identified in normal skin, about half were cleaved, and phorbol ester-induced inflammation increased the proportion of cleaved proteins, including chemokines and complement proteins, that were processed at previously uncharacterized sites. (sciencemag.org)
Complement has long been regarded as a pivotal effector arm of the innate immune response, eliciting important immunoregulatory functions in the context of inflammation and also serving as a vital link between the innate and adaptive immune response. (springer.com)
Nonetheless, it is unclear whether TSPO, a mitochondrial protein, can be interpreted as a general marker for inflammation in diseases involving psychosis. (medworm.com)
McQuibban G, Gong J, Tam E, McCulloch C, Clark Lewis I, Overall C. Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. (labome.org)
This article is sought to provide insights into the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure associated with systemic inflammation with particular focus on the role of the complement system. (hindawi.com)
The inhibitors nearly double due to increase in inflammation, but its normal level in blood is around 0.25g/L. These are known as the most essential physiological inhibitors of plasma kallikrein, fXIa, and fXIIa. (marketresearchreports.biz)
NMO pathogenesis involves AQP4-IgG antibody binding to astrocytic AQP4, which causes complement-dependent cytotoxicity and secondary inflammation with granulocyte and macrophage infiltration, blood-brain barrier disruption and oligodendrocyte injury. (nih.gov)
Antibody-dependent astrocyte damage involving complement-dependent cytotoxicity, CDCC and ADCC mechanisms lead to inflammation, oligodendrocyte injury, demyelination and neuronal loss. (nih.gov)

This protein, a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) group, originally was described as an inhibitor of C1 ( 2 ). (rupress.org)
An endogenous serine protease inhibitor ( SERPINS). (nih.gov)

Complement Components and Antibodies. (rupress.org)
Antibodies are usually raised against foreign proteins, such as those made by a replicating virus or invading bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies against self proteins are known as autoantibodies, and are not found in healthy individuals. (wikipedia.org)

Most of the genetically determined deficiencies of the complement system are inherited as autosomal recessive traits, with the exception of C1 esterase inhibitor, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and properdin deficiency, which is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Edema formation is related to reduction or dysfunction of C1 inhibitor, and conventional therapy with antihistamines and corticosteroids is ineffective. (nih.gov)

For example, the mannose binding protein is a pattern recognition molecule with structural similarity to C1 that bridges the classical and alternative pathways ( 18 ). (asm.org)
Dengue, West Nile, or yellow fever virus NS1 directly associated with C4b binding protein (C4BP), a complement regulatory plasma protein that attenuates the classical and lectin pathways. (jimmunol.org)
C4b binding protein (C4BP) is the primary fluid-phase regulator of the CP and lectin pathways. (jimmunol.org)
C3 is the central protein of all three complement pathways and plays a critical role in the opsonization of pathogens. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
In addition, all three complement pathways result in the formation of the membrane attack complex, which is vital to bactericidal activity. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Both antigenic and functional C1 inhibitor levels will be determined. (clinicaltrials.gov)
These can be used to measure the concentrations of most circulating complement proteins and to evaluate the functional status of C1‐esterase inhibitor. (currentprotocols.com)
Normal levels during symptomatic periods rule out the diagnosis, whereas decreased levels warrant determination of C1 esterase inhibitor titer by immunoassay or functional assay. (utmb.edu)

Whereas much attention has been focused on the properties and activities of the TLRs in this process ( 13 ), many other innate immune molecules expressed by glia and neurons have been described (e.g., complement, lectins, scavenger receptors) ( 14 ). (jimmunol.org)
The proteins are host defense lectins, belonging to the collectin family which also. (naver.com)
Induction of lectins, complement, metalloproteinases and the respiratory burst complex parallelled a down-regulation of genes for free radical scavengers and iron binding proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

The complement system is a key component of the early innate immune response to pathogens. (jimmunol.org)
We observed early increases in the deposition of immunoglobulin M, mannose-binding lectin 2, and annexin IV on cerebral endothelial cells, induction of the complement components C3 and C3a, by 24 h after IRI, and a later significant increase in the complement component C1q by 48 h. (springer.com)
2006. Complement component C3 mediates inflammatory injury following focal cerebral ischemia. (springer.com)
A complete deficiency of a complement component is rare, and partial deficiencies are rarely of any clinical significance. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the baseline complement component profiles in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from non-HIV patients with CM, and therefore to provide insights of possible roles of the complement system in CM. (biomedcentral.com)
The complement system is well known as a major component of the host innate immune defense system against infection. (biomedcentral.com)
C1 esterase inhibitor (inactivator) deficiency is the most common of the inherited complement component deficiencies. (viracor-eurofins.com)

Serine proteases, plasmin and miniplasmin induce the expression of C4, decrease the level of ELISA detectable C1 inhibitor, and do not affect the production of factors H and B. These data indicate that complement proteins are expressed locally by the brain microvessels, and may modulate the inflammatory responses of brain tissue. (elsevier.com)

Analysis of blood cells showed the absence of the phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein CD59. (rupress.org)
Human tissue extract (30 µg) was separated by 7.5% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with C1 inhibitor antibody [C1C3] (GTX119690) diluted at 1:5000. (genetex.com)
Complement, a part of the innate immune system, is composed of more than 30 plasma- and cell membrane-bound proteins that function cooperatively in antimicrobial and inflammatory reactions. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Membrane proteins, CD46 and CD55, also control C3 levels, and defects in CD46 have also been associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and macular degeneration. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL) protectin . (thefreedictionary.com)

Association of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins and C4b binding protein with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of human plasma. (semanticscholar.org)
Previous studies strongly suggest a mutual crosstalk between the complement and the coagulation system [ 27 - 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
Physiologically, the complement and coagulation systems share components. (usp.br)
it is a glycoprotein of the serpin family of proteinase inhibitors and also inhibits several other proteins involved in coagulation (thrombin, kallikrein, and coagulation factors X and XI) and urokinase. (thefreedictionary.com)

Kalbitor is a kallikrein inhibitor for SQ injection. (mastattack.org)
C1inhibitor can also inhibit various other proteases, including Kallikrein, Factor XIa, and Factor XIIa. (reliatech.de)

C1 inhibitors are also known as C1 esterase inhibitors and unlike other serpin family members, it has two domains: C-terminal and N-terminal. (marketresearchreports.biz)

Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting the complement cascade to prevent the development of MOF as well as possible future research directions are addressed. (hindawi.com)
Therapeutic strategies targeting complement proteins, the IL-6 receptor, neutrophils, eosinophils and CD19--all initially developed for other indications--are under clinical evaluation for repurposing for NMO. (nih.gov)
15. A method of treating glaucoma, the method comprising administering a therapeutic amount of a complement inhibitor to a patient suffering from glaucoma to thereby treat the glaucoma, wherein the complement inhibitor is an anti-C1s antibody. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

In a previous study, proteomics procedures identified blood proteins as potential overreaching and overtraining biomarkers, and a targeted proteomics panel of 21 proteins was developed. (frontiersin.org)
The change in blood proteins was calculated using pre-race samples and samples collected on days 8, 9, and recovery day 1. (frontiersin.org)
Blood proteins that bind to THYROID HORMONES such as THYROXINE and transport them throughout the circulatory system. (harvard.edu)

C1 Inhibitor is a member of the serpin family of structurally related proteins, and is the primary regulator of the immune complement system. (reliatech.de)

AND (exp Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins/ OR exp Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein/ OR exp Complement C1/ OR c1 esterase inhibitor.mp. (bestbets.org)
Turbidimetry using specific antiserum to C1 Inactivator. (viracor-eurofins.com)

In the present study, expression of complement proteins (C1 inhibitor, factor H, factor B, C4) by cultured endothelial cells obtained from human brain microvessels has been characterized. (elsevier.com)
Complement C1 esterase inhibitor is made from donated human plasma and may contain viruses or other infectious agents. (wellspan.org)
Certain drugs, such as ecallantide or purified C1 inhibitor (which is derived from human blood), can sometimes relieve the swelling. (merckmanuals.com)
C1-INH is a human protein and an important inhibitor of the complement system. (bio-medicine.org)
Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of human C1 inhibitor. (genetex.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human hepatoma, using C1 inhibitor(GTX119690) antibody at 1:500 dilution. (genetex.com)
We found that the accumulation of human fH in the brain parenchyma protected neurons from complement opsonization, axonal injury, and leukocyte infiltration. (jimmunol.org)
To survive and establish a persistent infection in the human host, pathogens must evade the first line of host defense by counteracting complement as an essential part of innate immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Investigations from animal model and human patients have shown the importance of the complement system against cryptococcal infections [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on source, the global C1 inhibitors market can be bifurcated into human derived and recombinant derived. (marketresearchreports.biz)

In analogy to the newly described neuroimmune regulatory proteins also known as "don't eat me" signals (CD200, CD47, CD22, fractalkine, semaphorins), we herein identify the key role of complement regulator factor H (fH) in controlling neuroinflammation initiated in an acute mouse model of Ab-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (jimmunol.org)
This review focuses on the current knowledge of immune evasion mechanisms exhibited by Lyme disease spirochetes and highlights the role of complement-interfering, infection-associated molecules playing an important part in these processes. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we investigated the role of complement in mediating effects of salidroside after cerebral IRI in rats. (springer.com)

Consequently, levels of all complement proteins become low. (wikipedia.org)
Patients treated with C1-INH experienced increased C3 levels on day 30 (p=0.005), while C4 levels were significantly higher at all time points. (bio-medicine.org)
Mouse neurons expressed other complement regulators crry and low levels of CD55. (jimmunol.org)
Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted nonstructural glycoprotein that accumulates in plasma to high levels and is displayed on the surface of infected cells but absent from viral particles. (jimmunol.org)
Levels of proteins in ischemic brain were measured by immunofluorescence and western blotting. (springer.com)
There is an additional type in which C1 levels are normal but C1 function is decreased (type II HAE). (bionity.com)
Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated on variables between complement components and the levels of total protein in the CSF samples. (biomedcentral.com)
A positive correlation was found between the levels of CSF protein and MBL, C1q or FB. (biomedcentral.com)
Type I HAE is caused by low levels of C1 inhibitor protein (C1-INH). (rxlist.com)
Type II HAE is characterized by normal or elevated levels of dysfunctional C1 inhibitor protein. (rxlist.com)

We began these experiments with the hypothesis that C1-INH regulates factor D activity. (rupress.org)

Durante los ataques, 15 (26%) pacientes recibieron C1 inhibidor endovenoso alguna vez, 7 (12%) recibieron plasma fresco y 40 (69%) tratamiento sintomático. (bvsalud.org)
Aunque en Argentina un concentrado plasmático de C1 inhibidor (pdC1INH) ha estado aprobado y disponible por décadas para el tratamiento del ataque agudo, solo 15 (26%) de 58 pacientes había recibido pdC1INH alguna vez hasta el año 2008, y solo 2(3.4%) lo usaban regularmente. (bvsalud.org)

CD59 on hematologic cells is required to prevent unregulated complement lysis. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Conclusions: Although not as pronounced as those reported in marathon/ultramarathon runners, elite cyclists participating in a three week cycle tour experienced increases in selected proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory acute phase proteins, indicating an acute phase/inflammatory response. (edu.au)
It is tenable that the increase in α1 antitrypsin and C1-INH (anti-inflammatory mediators) at T2 served to attenuate the acute phase/inflammatory response. (edu.au)
The lower than normal resting concentrations of the acute phase proteins supports the notion that chronic aerobic exercise induces an anti-inflammatory state. (edu.au)
The inflammatory mediators, cytokines and complement proteins are believed to regulate the sequential events during the development. (elsevier.com)
Proteases also govern inflammatory responses by processing extracellular matrix proteins and soluble bioactive mediators. (sciencemag.org)
The complement system is a series of proteins that act in a defined sequence (Fig. 1 ) to promote immune clearance by opsonizing or killing microorganisms and augmenting the inflammatory response. (asm.org)
In the present review, mechanisms of the inflammatory response in the development of MOF in sepsis and SIRS with particular focus on the complement system are discussed. (hindawi.com)
The marked elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a neutrophilic leukocytosis are characteristic for auto-inflammatory disorders. (epgonline.org)

Type 2 accounts for 15% to 20% of HAE and is caused by C1 dysfunction. (marketresearchreports.biz)

G-protein-coupled receptor Rhodopsin Estrogen receptor Histones Protamines CI protein % Transcription regulatory proteins that are receptors are in the receptors section. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, there is new emphasis on the role of neuroimmune regulatory proteins (NIRegs) 3 that are involved in silencing or reshaping an adverse innate immune response and polarizing phagocytes such as macrophages and microglia toward a protective phenotype (for review, see Ref. 23 ). (jimmunol.org)

Although deficiencies in complement components are rare, defects in the proteins that regulate complement are far more common. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

In this study we characterized the step in the complement cascade where BrkA acts, using three strains: a wild-type strain, a strain containing an insertional disruption of brkA , and a strain containing two copies of the brkA locus. (asm.org)
The complement cascade. (asm.org)
To elucidate the molecular basis for complement resistance by BrkA, in this study we have attempted to determine which step in the complement cascade is affected by BrkA by monitoring the deposition of complement proteins on the surface of strains either expressing or not expressing BrkA. (asm.org)

These include 37 proteases and antiproteases, which are likely to play a role in the formation of the yolk (vitellogenesis), as regulators of protein metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

What is a plasma protein therapy? (pptaglobal.org)

C1 inhibitor drugs are also used as short term prophylactic medication. (marketresearchreports.biz)
angiogenesis inhibitor a group of drugs that prevent growth of new blood vessels into a solid tumor. (thefreedictionary.com)

Complement is also part of the innate immune defenses and provides a defense against pathogens that have not previously infected the host by recognizing repeating structures such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found on the surface of bacteria. (asm.org)
Complement resistance is common among respiratory pathogens. (asm.org)
Many pathogens are equipped with factors providing resistance against the bactericidal action of complement. (semanticscholar.org)
The complement system plays a pivotal protective role in the innate immune response to many pathogens including flaviviruses. (jimmunol.org)
The complement system consists of several circulating proteins that are implicated in the first-line defence against pathogens and in the removal of dying cells. (centerwatch.com)
As a central entity of innate immunity, the complement system is immediately activated after trauma or infection in order to control the replication of intruding pathogens. (hindawi.com)

Several studies indicate that complement proteins exert functions that are either more complex than previously thought, or go well beyond the innate immune character of the system. (springer.com)
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) have been implicated in pulmonary innate immunity. (naver.com)

C1-INH is a protein available freely in the bloodstream and certain tests are done to track the deficiency of these group of proteins. (marketresearchreports.biz)
This system is a group of proteins that move freely through your bloodstream. (pptaglobal.org)

The latter group of genetically and structurally unrelated proteins has been collectively referred to as "complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins" and consists of CspA, CspZ, ErpA, ErpC, ErpP, and the as yet unidentified protein p43. (frontiersin.org)

C1 inhibitor is one of the proteins in the complement system , which is part of the immune system. (merckmanuals.com)
In conclusion, we have discovered a novel role for the previously uncharacterized protein Vag8 in the immune evasion of B. pertussis. (labome.org)
Additional, albeit currently theoretical, treatment options include reduction of AQP4 expression, disruption of AQP4 orthogonal arrays, enhancement of complement inhibitor expression, restoration of the blood-brain barrier, and induction of immune tolerance. (nih.gov)

The involvement of these cells in complement production and regulation has not been well documented. (elsevier.com)
A series of proteins are important in the regulation of C3. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms9

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs147

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

C1-Esterase inhibitor: an anti-inflammatory agent and its potential use in the treatment of diseases other than hereditary angioedema. (1/83)

C1 inhibitor cross-linking by tissue transglutaminase. (2/83)

SERPIN regulation of factor XIa. The novel observation that protease nexin 1 in the presence of heparin is a more potent inhibitor of factor XIa than C1 inhibitor. (3/83)

The native metastable fold of C1-inhibitor is stabilized by disulfide bonds. (4/83)

Hereditary angioedema with a de novo mutation of exon 8 in the C1 inhibitor gene showing recurrent edema of the hands around the peripheral joints: importance for the differential diagnosis of joint swelling. (5/83)

Complement components, but not complement inhibitors, are upregulated in atherosclerotic plaques. (6/83)

A new type of acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. (7/83)

In vivo biosynthesis of endogenous and of human C1 inhibitor in transgenic mice: tissue distribution and colocalization of their expression. (8/83)

Complement C3

Complement C4

Complement C4a

Complement C3a

Complement C1q

Complement C5a

Complement Activation

Complement C4b

Complement C5

Complement C3b

Complement System Proteins

Complement C6

Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein

Complement C3c

Complement C3d

Complement C2

Complement C9

Receptors, Complement

Complement C1s

Complement Membrane Attack Complex

Complement C1r

Complement Inactivator Proteins

Complement C7

Complement C3-C5 Convertases

Complement Factor B

Complement Pathway, Alternative

Complement Pathway, Classical

Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins

Complement C8

Complement C1

Receptors, Complement 3b

Complement Factor H

Complement C5b

Complement C2a

Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a

Complement Activating Enzymes

Complement Inactivating Agents

Complement Hemolytic Activity Assay

Molecular Sequence Data

Receptors, Complement 3d

Anaphylatoxins

Amino Acid Sequence

Proton-Translocating ATPases

Mitochondria, Heart

Angioedema

Submitochondrial Particles

Complement Fixation Tests

Proteins

Aurovertins

Complement Factor D

Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein

Protein Binding

Complement Factor I

Complement C4b-Binding Protein

Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins

Antigens, CD55

Complement C3-C5 Convertases, Classical Pathway

Cattle

Complement C2b

Androgen-Binding Protein

Carrier Proteins

Antigens, CD59

Base Sequence

Kinetics

Enzyme Inhibitors

Cobra Venoms

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Complement C3-C5 Convertases, Alternative Pathway

Alpha-Globulins

Binding Sites

Peptide Fragments

Immunoglobulin G

Hemolysis

Complement C3 Convertase, Alternative Pathway

Complement C5 Convertase, Classical Pathway

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Complement C3 Convertase, Classical Pathway

Antigens, CD46