Common Cold
Echinacea
Rhinovirus
Nasal Decongestants
Nasal Lavage Fluid
Multi-Ingredient Cold, Flu, and Allergy Medications
Antitussive Agents
Nasopharyngitis
Coronavirus 229E, Human
Gluconates
Sneezing
Nasal Lavage
Expectorants
Respiratory Tract Infections
Zinc Acetate
Virus Uncoating
Coronavirus Infections
Histamine H1 Antagonists
Nasal Mucosa
Coronavirus
Coronavirus OC43, Human
Sulfinic Acids
Carrageenan
Mucus
Ascorbic Acid
Why do patients seek family physicians' services for cold symptoms? (1/341)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency of presentation to family physicians' offices for cold symptoms, the reasons for presentation, and the duration of symptoms before presentation. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred consecutive patient encounters in each of 15 family practices from January 27 to February 3, 1994, involving both academic and non-academic family physicians in the London region. Data were collected prospectively using a checklist attached to each chart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of patients presenting with cold symptoms, reasons for presentation, number of days patients had had symptoms, billing code. RESULTS: A total of 1421 checklists were analyzed, 822 from academic practices and 599 from community practices. Proportion of presentations for cold symptoms was 14.8%, but visits coded as common cold represented 5.7%. Median number of days patients waited before presentation was 7.0; older patients tended to wait longer. Many patients were worried about developing complications (51.0%) or were fed up with their symptoms (31.9%). Most patients were between the ages of 20 and 64 (44.6%), and 57.6% of all patients had developed complications requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of visits coded as common cold was lower than Ontario averages. Most patients had complications rather than simple colds and had managed their symptoms on their own for a fairly long time. (+info)Antiviral effect of hyperthermic treatment in rhinovirus infection. (2/341)
Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are recognized as the major etiologic agents for the common cold. Starting from the observation that local hyperthermic treatment is beneficial in patients with natural and experimental common colds, we have studied the effect of brief hyperthermic treatment (HT) on HRV replication in HeLa cells. We report that a 20-min HT at 45 degrees C is effective in suppressing HRV multiplication by more than 90% when applied at specific stages of the virus replication cycle. Synthesis of virus proteins is not affected by HT, indicating that the target for treatment is a posttranslational event. The antiviral effect is a transient cell-mediated event and is associated with the synthesis of the 70-kDa heat shock protein hsp70. Unlike poliovirus, rhinovirus infection does not inhibit the expression of hsp70 induced by heat. The possibility that hsp70 could play a role in the control of rhinovirus replication is suggested by the fact that a different class of HSP inducers, the cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA1 and delta 12-PGJ2, were also effective in inhibiting HRV replication in HeLa cells. Inhibition of hsp70 expression by actinomycin D prevented the antiviral activity of prostaglandins in HRV-infected cells. These results indicate that the beneficial effect of respiratory hyperthermia may be mediated by the induction of a cytoprotective heat shock response in rhinovirus-infected cells. (+info)Evaluation of a cold/flu self-care public education campaign. (3/341)
The purpose of the study was to evaluate an Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) cold/flu self-care public education campaign to reduce unnecessary patient visits to doctors. The MOH campaign consisted of an information booklet delivered to every household in an Ontario city, newspaper ads and radio spots. The program ran during January-March 1994. The evaluation consisted of: (1) 2x2 telephone survey in London (experimental area) and Windsor (comparison area), before and during the campaign; and (2) a telephone survey of London family practitioners during the campaign. In addition, data on the incidence of cold/flu visits to three hospital emergency departments and a sample of family physicians' offices were gathered. The data suggest that program rationale may have been questionable because the majority of the surveyed public were knowledgeable and self-reported appropriate doctor visits for cold/flu. Campaign evaluation showed limited impact. Message penetration was low; only one-third of London residents knew of the campaign or read the booklet. Only two of 10 questions showed increases in knowledge in London and no changes were found for beliefs, attitudes, acquisition of new health practices or self-reported visits to the doctor. The physician survey, emergency room and family physician office visit data were consistent with the public survey findings. (+info)Rhinovirus regulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro: a potential mechanism of symptom resolution. (4/341)
Rhinovirus (RV) upper respiratory tract infections are prototypic transient inflammatory responses. To address the mechanism of disease resolution in these infections, we determined if RV stimulated the production of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, immunoreactive IL-1ra was readily detected in the nasal washings of normal human volunteers. Symptomatic RV infection caused a small increase in IL-1alpha, a modest increase in IL-1beta, and an impressive increase in IL-1ra. Maximal induction of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta was transiently noted 48 h after RV infection. In contrast, maximal induction of IL-1ra was prolonged appearing 48-72 h after RV infection. These time points corresponded to the periods of peak symptomatology and the onset of symptom resolution, respectively. Western analysis of nasal washings demonstrated that RV stimulated the accumulation of intracellular IL-1ra type I in all and secreted IL-1ra in a subset of volunteers. Unstimulated normal respiratory epithelial cells contained intracellular IL-1ra type I mRNA and protein. RV infection increased the intracellular levels and extracellular transport of this IL-1ra moiety without causing significant changes in the levels of IL-1ra mRNA. IL-1ra may play an important role in the resolution of RV respiratory infections. RV stimulates epithelial cell IL-1ra elaboration, at least in part, via a novel translational and/or posttranslational mechanism. (+info)Common colds. Reported patterns of self-care and health care use. (5/341)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the self-reported prevalence and patterns of self-care and health care use for colds and flu. DESIGN: Using the expert panel method, a questionnaire was developed to explore self-care practices, attitudes, pharmaceutical use, and health care use for a range of cold and flu symptoms. SETTING: London and Windsor, Ont. PARTICIPANTS: Using a random-digit-dialing survey method, 210 residents were interviewed between November and December 1993. Of 1484 telephone numbers called, 1179 calls were ineligible. Two hundred ten questionnaires were completed for 305 eligible respondents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, typical self-care practices, actual practice during respondents' last cold, opinions on appropriate practices, and knowledge of how to treat colds. RESULTS: Self-care was respondents' treatment of choice, and most respondents use over-the-counter drugs. Prescription drug use was low. Only 1% reported seeing a physician for their last cold. As the number of symptoms increased, however, reported use of over-the-counter drugs and calls or visits to doctors increased. CONCLUSIONS: Results are congruent with other studies showing that the health care practices of most respondents are consistent with low use of the health care system and high levels of self-care for colds and flu. (+info)Life-style related factors and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy--a case-control study using pooled controls. (6/341)
A case-control study was conducted to investigate how basic habits of life including dietary habit, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and drinking, are involved in the development of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Collection of cases was entrusted to the clinical research group of DCM, and national pooled controls established by sex and age category by the epidemiological research group of intractable diseases were used to ensure representativeness of the controls. Fifty-eight cases of DCM which developed in and after January 1991 were collected, and 5,912 controls matched with the cases by residential area, sex, and age were selected. Analysis of the results of the study showed that items in the questionnaire suggestive of viral infection, such as "susceptibility to common cold" and "susceptibility to diarrhea", items concerning dietary habit, including "taking no breakfast", "ingestion of salty food", and "ingestion of fatty food", and such items as "cigarette smoking" and "lack of sleep" tended to be observed in the case group at significantly higher frequencies. Since viral infection has been suspected as a causative factor of DCM, further research of this area is thought to be of particular importance for determining the etiology of DCM. (+info)Effects of dexamethasone on rhinovirus infection in cultured human tracheal epithelial cells. (7/341)
To examine the effects of glucocorticoid on rhinovirus (RV) infection, primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells were infected with either RV2 or RV14. Viral infection was confirmed by demonstrating that viral RNA in infected cells and viral titers of supernatants and lysates from infected cells increased with time. RV14 infection upregulated the expression of mRNA and protein of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), the major RV receptor, on epithelial cells, and it increased the production of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in supernatants. Dexamethasone reduced the viral titers of supernatants and cell lysates, viral RNA of infected cells, and susceptibility of RV14 infection in association with inhibition of cytokine production and ICAM-1 induction. In contrast to RV14 infection, dexamethasone did not alter RV2 infection, a minor group of RVs. These results suggest that dexamethasone may inhibit RV14 infection by reducing the surface expression of ICAM-1 in cultured human tracheal epithelial cells. Glucocorticoid may modulate airway inflammation via reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and ICAM-1 induced by rhinovirus infection. (+info)Zinc and the common cold: a meta-analysis revisited. (8/341)
The common cold has been estimated to cost the United States > $3.5 billion per year. Despite several randomized clinical trials, the effect of treating colds with zinc gluconate remains uncertain due to conflicting results. We conducted a meta-analysis of published randomized clinical trials on the use of zinc gluconate lozenges in colds using the random effects model of DerSimonians and Laird. Ten clinical trials of cold treatment with zinc gluconate were identified. After excluding two studies that used nasal inoculum of rhinovirus, eight trials were combined and analyzed. The summary odds ratio for the presence of "any cold symptoms" at 7 d was 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.25-1.2). We conclude that despite numerous randomized trials, the evidence for effectiveness of zinc lozenges in reducing the duration of common colds is still lacking. (+info)The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract. It primarily affects the nose, throat, sinuses, and upper airways. The main symptoms include sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, cough, and fatigue. The common cold is often caused by rhinoviruses and can also be caused by other viruses like coronaviruses, coxsackieviruses, and adenoviruses. It is usually spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The common cold is self-limiting and typically resolves within 7-10 days, although some symptoms may last up to three weeks. There is no specific treatment for the common cold, and management focuses on relieving symptoms with over-the-counter medications, rest, and hydration. Preventive measures include frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and not touching the face with unwashed hands.
Echinacea is a type of herb that is native to North America. It is also known as the purple coneflower and is used in herbal medicine for its alleged ability to boost the immune system and help fight off colds and other infections. The active ingredients in echinacea are thought to be compounds called alkylamides, which may have anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating effects.
There is some evidence to suggest that echinacea may help reduce the duration and severity of colds when taken at the onset of symptoms, but the overall body of research on its effectiveness is mixed. Some studies have found no significant benefit, while others have reported modest reductions in the length and severity of cold symptoms.
Echinacea is generally considered to be safe when used as directed, but it can cause side effects such as stomach upset, headache, and dizziness in some people. It may also interact with certain medications, so it is important to speak with a healthcare provider before taking echinacea if you are taking any prescription drugs or have any underlying health conditions.
Rhinovirus is a type of virus that belongs to the Picornaviridae family. It's one of the most common causes of the common cold in humans, responsible for around 10-40% of all adult cases and up to 80% of cases in children. The virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, and cough.
Rhinovirus infections are typically mild and self-limiting, but they can be more severe or even life-threatening in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who are undergoing cancer treatment. There is no vaccine available to prevent rhinovirus infections, and treatment is generally supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms rather than targeting the virus itself.
The virus can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with contaminated surfaces, and it's highly contagious. It can survive on surfaces for several hours, making hand hygiene and environmental disinfection important measures to prevent its spread.
"Cold temperature" is a relative term and its definition can vary depending on the context. In general, it refers to temperatures that are lower than those normally experienced or preferred by humans and other warm-blooded animals. In a medical context, cold temperature is often defined as an environmental temperature that is below 16°C (60.8°F).
Exposure to cold temperatures can have various physiological effects on the human body, such as vasoconstriction of blood vessels near the skin surface, increased heart rate and metabolic rate, and shivering, which helps to generate heat and maintain body temperature. Prolonged exposure to extreme cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a drop in core body temperature below 35°C (95°F).
It's worth noting that some people may have different sensitivities to cold temperatures due to factors such as age, health status, and certain medical conditions. For example, older adults, young children, and individuals with circulatory or neurological disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of cold temperatures.
Nasal decongestants are medications that are used to relieve nasal congestion, or a "stuffy nose," by narrowing the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, which helps to reduce swelling and inflammation. This can help to make breathing easier and can also help to alleviate other symptoms associated with nasal congestion, such as sinus pressure and headache.
There are several different types of nasal decongestants available, including over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription options. Some common OTC nasal decongestants include pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), which are available in the form of tablets, capsules, liquids, and nasal sprays. Prescription nasal decongestants may be stronger than OTC options and may be prescribed for longer periods of time.
It is important to follow the instructions on the label when using nasal decongestants, as they can have side effects if not used properly. Some potential side effects of nasal decongestants include increased heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety. It is also important to note that nasal decongestants should not be used for longer than a few days at a time, as prolonged use can actually make nasal congestion worse (this is known as "rebound congestion"). If you have any questions about using nasal decongestants or if your symptoms persist, it is best to speak with a healthcare provider.
Nasal lavage fluid refers to the fluid that is obtained through a process called nasal lavage or nasal washing. This procedure involves instilling a saline solution into the nose and then allowing it to drain out, taking with it any mucus, debris, or other particles present in the nasal passages. The resulting fluid can be collected and analyzed for various purposes, such as diagnosing sinus infections, allergies, or other conditions affecting the nasal cavity and surrounding areas.
It is important to note that the term "nasal lavage fluid" may also be used interchangeably with "nasal wash fluid," "nasal irrigation fluid," or "sinus rinse fluid." These terms all refer to the same basic concept of using a saline solution to clean out the nasal passages and collect the resulting fluid for analysis.
A nasal spray is a medication delivery device that delivers a liquid formulation directly into the nostrils, where it can then be absorbed through the nasal mucosa and into the bloodstream. Nasal sprays are commonly used to administer medications for local effects in the nose, such as decongestants, corticosteroids, and antihistamines, as well as for systemic absorption of drugs like vaccines and pain relievers.
The medication is typically contained in a small bottle or container that is pressurized or uses a pump mechanism to create a fine mist or spray. This allows the medication to be easily and precisely administered in a controlled dose, reducing the risk of overdose or incorrect dosing. Nasal sprays are generally easy to use, non-invasive, and can provide rapid onset of action for certain medications.
Picornaviridae is a family of small, single-stranded RNA viruses that include several important human pathogens. Picornaviridae infections refer to the illnesses caused by these viruses.
The most well-known picornaviruses that cause human diseases are:
1. Enteroviruses: This genus includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and enterovirus 71. These viruses can cause a range of illnesses, from mild symptoms like the common cold to more severe diseases such as meningitis, myocarditis, and paralysis (in the case of poliovirus).
2. Rhinoviruses: These are the most common cause of the common cold. They primarily infect the upper respiratory tract and usually cause mild symptoms like runny nose, sore throat, and cough.
3. Hepatitis A virus (HAV): This picornavirus is responsible for acute hepatitis A infection, which can cause jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite.
Transmission of Picornaviridae infections typically occurs through direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated objects, respiratory droplets, or fecal-oral routes. Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, practicing safe food handling, and getting vaccinated against poliovirus and hepatitis A (if recommended). Treatment for most picornaviridae infections is generally supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and ensuring proper hydration.
Multi-ingredient cold, flu, and allergy medications are over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription formulations that contain multiple active ingredients to treat symptoms associated with the common cold, influenza (flu), and allergies. These medications may include a combination of decongestants, antihistamines, analgesics (pain relievers), cough suppressants, expectorants, and/or anti-inflammatory agents.
Examples of multi-ingredient cold, flu, and allergy medications:
1. Combination decongestant-analgesic-antihistamine: These products typically contain a decongestant (e.g., pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine) to relieve nasal congestion, an analgesic (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen) for fever and pain relief, and an antihistamine (e.g., diphenhydramine or loratadine) to help with allergy symptoms like itching and sneezing.
2. Combination decongestant-cough suppressant: These medications typically contain a decongestant to relieve nasal congestion and a cough suppressant (e.g., dextromethorphan) to control a persistent cough.
3. Combination antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic-cough suppressant: These products contain multiple active ingredients to treat various symptoms, including nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, pain, fever, and cough.
4. Prescription cold, flu, and allergy medications: Some prescription formulations may also contain a combination of active ingredients to manage more severe or persistent symptoms associated with colds, flu, and allergies. These products might include corticosteroids for inflammation, antivirals for influenza, or leukotriene receptor antagonists for allergy symptoms.
It is essential to follow the recommended dosage guidelines and consult a healthcare professional before using multi-ingredient cold, flu, and allergy medications, especially in children, pregnant women, older adults, and individuals with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications.
Antitussive agents are medications that are used to suppress cough. They work by numbing the throat and interrupting the cough reflex. Some common antitussives include dextromethorphan, codeine, and hydrocodone. These medications can be found in various over-the-counter and prescription cough and cold products. It is important to use antitussives only as directed, as they can have side effects such as drowsiness, constipation, and slowed breathing. Additionally, it's important to note that long term use of opioid antitussive like codeine and hydrocodone are not recommended due to the risk of addiction and other serious side effects.
Nasopharyngitis is the medical term for inflammation of the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the throat behind the nose. It is often caused by viral infections such as the common cold, but can also be due to bacterial or allergic causes. Symptoms may include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing, and cough.
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is a species of coronavirus that causes respiratory infections in humans. It is one of the several coronaviruses known to cause the common cold. HCoV-229E was first identified in the 1960s and is named after the number assigned to it in the laboratory where it was discovered.
HCoV-229E infects the human body through the respiratory tract, and it primarily affects the upper respiratory system, causing symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever. In some cases, HCoV-229E can also cause lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions.
HCoV-229E is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Coronaviridae and the genus Alphacoronavirus. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus can also survive on surfaces for several hours, making it possible to contract the infection by touching contaminated objects.
There is no specific treatment for HCoV-229E infections, and most people recover within a week or two with rest and symptomatic relief. However, severe cases may require hospitalization and supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation. Preventive measures, such as hand hygiene, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals, can help reduce the transmission of HCoV-229E and other respiratory viruses.
Gluconates are a group of salts and esters derived from gluconic acid, a weak organic acid that is naturally produced in the human body during the metabolism of carbohydrates. In medical contexts, gluconates are often used as a source of the essential mineral ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and iron, which are necessary for various bodily functions.
Gluconate salts are commonly used in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplements because they are highly soluble in water, making them easy to absorb and utilize by the body. For example, calcium gluconate is a common treatment for hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels), while magnesium gluconate is used to treat magnesium deficiency.
Gluconates may also be used as preservatives in some medical products, such as intravenous solutions and eye drops, due to their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. Overall, gluconates are a versatile class of compounds with important applications in medicine and health.
Sneezing is an involuntary, forceful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth, often triggered by irritation or inflammation in the nasal passages. It is a protective reflex that helps to clear the upper respiratory tract of irritants such as dust, pollen, or foreign particles. The sneeze begins with a deep inspiration of air, followed by closure of the glottis (the opening between the vocal cords) and contraction of the chest and abdominal muscles. This builds up pressure in the lungs, which is then suddenly released through the nose and mouth as the glottis opens and the velum (the soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth) rises to block the nasal passage. The result is a powerful burst of air that can travel at speeds of up to 100 miles per hour, expelling mucus and any trapped irritants along with it.
Nasal lavage, also known as nasal washing or saline irrigation, is a procedure in which a saline solution is used to flush out the nasal passages. This is often done to help relieve symptoms associated with nasal congestion, allergies, sinusitis, and other respiratory conditions. The process involves instilling the saline solution into one nostril and allowing it to flow out through the other, taking with it any mucus, debris, or irritants that may be present in the nasal passages. This can help promote better breathing, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms such as sinus pressure, headaches, and sneezing. Nasal lavage can be performed using a variety of devices, including bulb syringes, neti pots, or specialized squeeze bottles designed specifically for this purpose.
Expectorants are a type of medication that help to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up and clear the airways. They work by increasing the production of fluid in the respiratory tract, which helps to moisten and soften thick or sticky mucus. This makes it easier for the cilia (tiny hair-like structures that line the airways) to move the mucus out of the lungs and into the throat, where it can be swallowed or spit out.
Expectorants are often used to treat respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which can cause excessive mucus production and difficulty breathing. Some common expectorants include guaifenesin, iodinated glycerol, and potassium iodide.
It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking expectorants, as taking too much can lead to side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids while taking expectorants, as this can help to thin the mucus and make it easier to cough up.
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections that affect the respiratory system, which includes the nose, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea), bronchi, and lungs. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or, less commonly, fungi.
RTIs are classified into two categories based on their location: upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). URTIs include infections of the nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx, such as the common cold, flu, laryngitis, and sinusitis. LRTIs involve the lower airways, including the bronchi and lungs, and can be more severe. Examples of LRTIs are pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis.
Symptoms of RTIs depend on the location and cause of the infection but may include cough, congestion, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, fever, fatigue, and chest pain. Treatment for RTIs varies depending on the severity and underlying cause of the infection. For viral infections, treatment typically involves supportive care to manage symptoms, while antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections.
Phytotherapy is the use of extracts of natural origin, especially plants or plant parts, for therapeutic purposes. It is also known as herbal medicine and is a traditional practice in many cultures. The active compounds in these plant extracts are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or sedative effects. Practitioners of phytotherapy may use the whole plant, dried parts, or concentrated extracts to prepare teas, capsules, tinctures, or ointments for therapeutic use. It is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy are not always supported by scientific evidence, and it should be used with caution and preferably under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Nonprescription drugs, also known as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, are medications that can be legally purchased without a prescription from a healthcare professional. They are considered safe and effective for treating minor illnesses or symptoms when used according to the directions on the label. Examples include pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen, antihistamines for allergies, and topical treatments for skin conditions. It is still important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if there are any concerns or questions about using nonprescription drugs.
Zinc acetate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Zn(C2H3O2)2. It is a white, crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water and readily forms dihydrates. Zinc acetate is used as a dietary supplement and as a topical treatment for various medical conditions such as cold sores, throat irritations, and skin disorders.
In the medical field, zinc acetate is commonly found in lozenges and nasal sprays that are used to reduce the severity and duration of the common cold. It has been shown to have antimicrobial properties and can help to boost the immune system. Additionally, zinc acetate is also used in the treatment of Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder that causes copper to accumulate in the body. By binding to copper, zinc acetate helps to remove excess copper from the body.
It's important to note that excessive intake of zinc can lead to adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, it is recommended to follow the dosage instructions carefully when taking zinc acetate or any other zinc supplement.
Virus uncoating is a stage in the viral replication cycle, following virus entry and penetration into the host cell. It refers to the process by which the viral genome is released from the protective protein shell (capsid) of the virion after it has entered the host cell. This allows the viral genome to gain access to the host cell's machinery and manipulate it for viral replication. The uncoating process can be induced by various factors, such as low pH, presence of certain enzymes, or exposure to reactive oxygen species, depending on the specific type of virus.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as pneumonia. The name "coronavirus" comes from the Latin word "corona," which means crown or halo, reflecting the distinctive appearance of the virus particles under electron microscopy, which have a crown-like structure due to the presence of spike proteins on their surface.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and humans. Some coronaviruses are endemic in certain animal populations and occasionally jump to humans, causing outbreaks of new diseases. This is what happened with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, and the most recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Coronavirus infections typically cause respiratory symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and fever. In severe cases, they can lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even death, especially in older adults or people with underlying medical conditions. Other symptoms may include fatigue, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, and gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Preventive measures for coronavirus infections include frequent hand washing, wearing face masks, practicing social distancing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. There are currently vaccines available to prevent COVID-19, which have been shown to be highly effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization, and death from the disease.
Coronaviridae is a family of enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that cause various diseases in animals and humans. Human coronavirus infections most commonly result in mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illnesses, such as the common cold. However, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses have emerged in the past two decades: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). These viruses can cause severe and potentially fatal respiratory illnesses.
In general, coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. In some cases, people may become infected by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching their mouth, nose, or eyes. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and practicing good respiratory etiquette (e.g., covering coughs and sneezes).
Treatment for coronavirus infections is primarily supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications. For severe cases of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, antiviral medications and supportive care in an intensive care unit may be necessary. Vaccines have been developed to protect against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and are being distributed globally.
Histamine H1 antagonists, also known as H1 blockers or antihistamines, are a class of medications that work by blocking the action of histamine at the H1 receptor. Histamine is a chemical mediator released by mast cells and basophils in response to an allergic reaction or injury. It causes various symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and wheal and flare reactions (hives).
H1 antagonists prevent the binding of histamine to its receptor, thereby alleviating these symptoms. They are commonly used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever, hives, and eczema, as well as motion sickness and insomnia. Examples of H1 antagonists include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), and doxylamine (Unisom).
Nasal mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity. It is a delicate, moist, and specialized tissue that contains various types of cells including epithelial cells, goblet cells, and glands. The primary function of the nasal mucosa is to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air before it reaches the lungs.
The nasal mucosa produces mucus, which traps dust, allergens, and microorganisms, preventing them from entering the respiratory system. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the epithelial cells, help move the mucus towards the back of the throat, where it can be swallowed or expelled.
The nasal mucosa also contains a rich supply of blood vessels and immune cells that help protect against infections and inflammation. It plays an essential role in the body's defense system by producing antibodies, secreting antimicrobial substances, and initiating local immune responses.
Humidity, in a medical context, is not typically defined on its own but is related to environmental conditions that can affect health. Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is often discussed in terms of absolute humidity (the mass of water per unit volume of air) or relative humidity (the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the maximum possible absolute humidity, expressed as a percentage). High humidity can contribute to feelings of discomfort, difficulty sleeping, and exacerbation of respiratory conditions such as asthma.
A coronavirus is a type of virus that causes respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold, and more severe diseases including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). These viruses are typically spread through close contact with an infected person when they cough or sneeze. They can also spread by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes.
Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. They are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and people. Common signs of infection include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death.
One of the most recently discovered coronaviruses is SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19. This virus was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has since spread to become a global pandemic.
Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a species of coronavirus that causes respiratory infections in humans. It is one of the several coronaviruses known to cause the common cold. HCoV-OC43 belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus and is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus.
The virus was first identified in 1967 and has since been found to be widely distributed throughout the human population. It is estimated that HCoV-OC43 infections occur annually, with a peak incidence during the winter months in temperate climates. The symptoms of HCoV-OC43 infection are typically mild and include nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, and cough.
HCoV-OC43 is transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. The virus can also be spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes. There is no specific treatment for HCoV-OC43 infections, and management is generally supportive, with rest, hydration, and symptomatic relief of fever and cough.
HCoV-OC43 has been identified as one of the coronaviruses that have the potential to cause severe respiratory illness in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. However, most HCoV-OC43 infections are mild and do not require hospitalization.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Sulfinic Acids" is not a term used in medical definitions. It is a term from the field of chemistry. Sulfinic acids are organic compounds that contain a functional group with the formula RSO(O)H, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group. They are important intermediates in organic synthesis and can be found in some natural sources. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!
Zinc compounds refer to chemical substances that contain the metal zinc in its ionic form, Zn2+. These compounds are formed when zinc combines with other elements or groups of elements called ligands, which can be inorganic (such as chloride, sulfate, or hydroxide ions) or organic (like amino acids or organic acids).
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and plays a vital role in various biological processes, including enzyme function, immune response, wound healing, protein synthesis, and DNA replication. Zinc compounds have been widely used in healthcare settings due to their therapeutic properties. Some common examples of zinc compounds include:
1. Zinc oxide (ZnO): A white powder commonly found in topical ointments, creams, and sunscreens for its protective and soothing effects on the skin. It is also used as a dietary supplement to treat zinc deficiency.
2. Zinc sulfate (ZnSO4): Often employed as a dietary supplement or topical treatment for various conditions like acne, wounds, and eye irritations. It can also be used to prevent and treat zinc deficiency.
3. Zinc gluconate (Zn(C6H11O7)2): A popular form of zinc in dietary supplements and lozenges for treating the common cold and preventing zinc deficiency.
4. Zinc picolinate (Zn(pic)2): Another form of zinc used in dietary supplements, believed to have better absorption than some other zinc compounds.
5. Polaplex/Polysaccharide-iron complex with zinc (Zn-PCI): A combination of zinc and iron often found in multivitamin and mineral supplements for addressing potential deficiencies in both elements.
While zinc compounds are generally considered safe when used appropriately, excessive intake can lead to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and impaired copper absorption. It is essential to follow recommended dosages and consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.
"Plant preparations" is not a term with a specific medical definition in the field of medicine or pharmacology. However, it is commonly used to refer to various forms of plant material that have been prepared for medicinal use. This can include dried and powdered plant parts, such as leaves, roots, or flowers, as well as extracts or concentrates made from plants. These preparations may be used in traditional medicine or as the basis for modern pharmaceuticals. It is important to note that the safety, effectiveness, and quality of plant preparations can vary widely, and they should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider.
Carriageenans are a family of linear sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from red edible seaweeds. They have been widely used in the food industry as thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agents. In the medical field, they have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications, such as in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. However, some studies have suggested that certain types of carriageenans may have negative health effects, including promoting inflammation and damaging the gut lining. Therefore, more research is needed to fully understand their safety and efficacy.
Mucus is a viscous, slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that line various body cavities such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. It serves to lubricate and protect these surfaces from damage, infection, and foreign particles. Mucus contains water, proteins, salts, and other substances, including antibodies, enzymes, and glycoproteins called mucins that give it its characteristic gel-like consistency.
In the respiratory system, mucus traps inhaled particles such as dust, allergens, and pathogens, preventing them from reaching the lungs. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures lining the airways, move the mucus upward toward the throat, where it can be swallowed or expelled through coughing or sneezing. In the gastrointestinal tract, mucus helps protect the lining of the stomach and intestines from digestive enzymes and other harmful substances.
Excessive production of mucus can occur in various medical conditions such as allergies, respiratory infections, chronic lung diseases, and gastrointestinal disorders, leading to symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, and diarrhea.
Ascorbic acid is the chemical name for Vitamin C. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for human health. Ascorbic acid is required for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that plays a role in the structure of bones, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. It also functions as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Ascorbic acid cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through diet or supplementation. Good food sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, broccoli, and spinach.
In the medical field, ascorbic acid is used to treat or prevent vitamin C deficiency and related conditions, such as scurvy. It may also be used in the treatment of various other health conditions, including common cold, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, although its effectiveness for these uses is still a matter of scientific debate.
Pharyngitis is the medical term for inflammation of the pharynx, which is the back portion of the throat. This condition is often characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and scratchiness in the throat. Pharyngitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections (such as the common cold), bacterial infections (such as strep throat), and irritants (such as smoke or chemical fumes). Treatment for pharyngitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition, but may include medications to relieve symptoms or antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection.
Common cold
Common Cold Unit
Zinc and the common cold
Vitamin C and the common cold
Alternative treatments used for the common cold
Vitamin C and the Common Cold (book)
Cold-fX
Bornholm disease
Upper respiratory tract infection
Cold medicine
Hobart Reimann
Lester Dragstedt
Cold
Pleconaril
Vitamin C
2008 US Open (tennis)
Cold brew coffee
Ejnar Sylvest
Allicin
Zinc
Quarantine
Humidity
Garlic
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cold open
Cold Ashby
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Cold Steel (company)
Cold Hatton
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common cold | ScienceBlogs
common cold : NPR
Common Cold | Antibiotic Use | CDC
Common Cold Symptoms and Treatments
Common cold - Wikipedia
Garner, AK Common Cold Outlook | AccuWeather
Chapel Hill, NC Common Cold Outlook | AccuWeather
First Aid: Common Cold (for Parents) - Nemours (XML)
Da Qing Ye: Common Cold Uses, Side Effects, Dosage
Why don't we have a common cold vaccine? | Popular Science
Parent reviews for Cold War | Common Sense Media
Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold
What Causes The Common Cold?
The Common Cold: 7 Things That Make Your Cold Symptoms Worse
Common cold vs. COVID-19 symptoms: How to tell the difference
Petition · Treat cancer as simple as common cold is treated · Change.org
Treating the Common Cold in Adults | AAFP
Uncommon Advice About The Common Cold
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: common cold
Common Cold: Latest News, Videos and Photos of Common Cold | Times of India
Dristan Cold Multi Symptom Formula Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term
Common Cold (Viral Rhinitis) - Harvard Health
Scientists close in on cracking 'Enigma code' of common cold | University of Leeds
CVS is pulling these common cold medicines from its shelves | KXAN Austin
Finally, a Cure for the Common Cold... and Back Pain! | MedPage Today
EFSA rejects Leiber's beta-glucan common cold health claim
Common Cold in Toddler: Causes, Symptoms, Remedies for Relief
MD uses EFT for common colds and canker sores
A cure for the common cold? - Protein Power
The Common Cold Makes You a Lousy Driver
Rhinoviruses13
- These 99 samples represent all the known strains of the human rhinoviruses that cause colds. (scienceblogs.com)
- More than 200 viruses can cause a cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common type. (cdc.gov)
- Well over 200 virus strains are implicated in causing the common cold, with rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses and enteroviruses being the most common. (wikipedia.org)
- Influenza tends to peak in fall and again in early spring, while common colds, such as respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs), non-COVID coronaviruses, adenoviruses , and rhinoviruses pick up in mid-winter. (popsci.com)
- And thankfully, when you think about most of the cold viruses, we think about rhinoviruses and adenoviruses and metapneumoviruses viruses. (sciencefriday.com)
- However, human rhinoviruses, which are responsible for most colds, are usually self-limiting in otherwise healthy adults, meaning they clear up on their own without any special treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Rhinoviruses cause up to 40% of colds, and this virus family has at least 100 distinct virus types in its group. (harvard.edu)
- Rhinoviruses cause most colds in the early fall and spring. (harvard.edu)
- While toddler colds can be caused by more than 200 varieties of contagious viruses, the most frequent causes of the common cold are rhinoviruses. (whattoexpect.com)
- Rhinoviruses are the most frequent cause of the common cold. (cdc.gov)
- Many different viruses (rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, and human metapneumoviruses) cause colds, but rhinoviruses (of which there are more than 100 subtypes) cause most colds. (msdmanuals.com)
- Colds caused by rhinoviruses occur more commonly in the spring and fall. (msdmanuals.com)
- Tony Goldberg] Well, rhinoviruses are among the most common infectious agents of people worldwide and they're probably the most common cause of the common cold in people. (cdc.gov)
Rhinovirus14
- More than 200 different types of viruses are known to cause the common cold, with rhinovirus causing approximately 30%-40% of all adult colds. (medicinenet.com)
- During peak periods, up to 80% of colds may be due to rhinovirus. (medicinenet.com)
- Common cold symptoms can be caused by many viruses , but the odds you're fighting a rhinovirus are high: the virus accounts for as much as half of all common colds . (popsci.com)
- Although Popular Science 's story focused on Huebner's 1953 discovery of adenovirus as a root cause for the common cold, it wasn't until Winston Price's 1956 discovery that virologists realized rhinovirus was the chief common-cold culprit. (popsci.com)
- The most common type is a small RNA virus called a rhinovirus, made up of just 10 genes. (sciencefriday.com)
- Even if researchers could develop a vaccine for the three species of rhinovirus that cause the majority of colds, we could still be susceptible to one of the other families of viruses, including the coronavirus, the type of virus responsible for Middle East Respiratory System or MERS, and which originated in camels. (sciencefriday.com)
- The virus family that causes the most colds is called rhinovirus. (harvard.edu)
- Mathematics and biology professor Fred Adler appeared on Science Friday this week to talk about how the common cold, a rhinovirus, originated and how it spreads through families. (utah.edu)
- According to a study published September 16, 2019, in the journal Nature Microbiology , researchers at Stanford University and the University of California in San Francisco found that temporarily disabling a single, noncritical protein in cells (called methyltransferase SETD3) could halt the duplication of viruses, including the rhinovirus that causes most common colds. (everydayhealth.com)
- "The most common cause for the common cold is rhinovirus, and usually the most bothersome symptom of rhinovirus infections is nasal discharge," the researchers wrote. (nutraingredients.com)
- This plush Common Cold (Rhinovirus) keychain makes germs cute. (glogerm.com)
- Rhinovirus, the most frequent cause of common cold is capable of preventing the flu virus from infecting airways by jump-starting the body's immune defences, say researchers. (savedelete.com)
- Rhinovirus was the most common respiratory virus, found in 138 (71%) children ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
- As expected, rhinovirus was the leading cause of the common cold in these children. (cdc.gov)
Runny9
- October 4, 2020 Coughs, sore throats and runny noses are common in fall and winter, and they rarely signal dire disease. (npr.org)
- Symptoms of the common cold may include cough, sore throat , low-grade fever , nasal congestion , runny nose, and sneezing. (medicinenet.com)
- The symptoms of influenza are similar to those of a cold, although usually more severe and less likely to include a runny nose. (wikipedia.org)
- A cold usually begins with fatigue, a feeling of being chilled, sneezing, and a headache, followed in a couple of days by a runny nose and cough. (wikipedia.org)
- Antibiotics cannot cure the common cold or help you feel better if you have a runny nose. (nih.gov)
- Most people diagnose the common cold by the typical symptoms of runny nose, congestion and sneezing. (harvard.edu)
- Common cold symptoms in a toddler typically start with a runny nose, sneezing and a throat tickle and end with a lingering cough that often flares up at night. (whattoexpect.com)
- With winter underway and cases of Omicron surging nationwide, you may be wondering if that runny nose or aching throat is a dreaded case of COVID-19 that's finally tracked you down, or if it's merely a symptom of the common cold. (bostonglobe.com)
- Colds often start with a scratchy or sore throat or discomfort in the nose, followed by sneezing, a runny nose, a cough, and a general feeling of illness. (msdmanuals.com)
Cough14
- The common cold is spread either by direct contact with infected secretions from contaminated surfaces or by inhaling the airborne virus after individuals sneeze or cough. (medicinenet.com)
- Antibiotics, however, should not be used, as all colds are caused by viruses, and there is no good evidence that cough medicines are effective. (wikipedia.org)
- Never give cough or cold medicine to children under 6 years old. (kidshealth.org)
- And a cough, one of the last cold symptoms to appear, can hang on even longer - sometimes up to a month. (whattoexpect.com)
- We are removing certain oral cough and cold products that contain phenylephrine as the only active ingredient from CVS Pharmacy stores. (kxan.com)
- Other oral cough and cold products will continue to be offered to meet consumer needs," the statement continued. (kxan.com)
- The primary endpoint of the study was the reduction in severity as measured by the Cold Intensity Score (CIS), which is a scale derived from the sum of scores for 10 cold-related symptoms: sore throat, nasal drainage, nasal congestion, scratchy throat, sneezing, cough, headache, muscle aches, hoarseness and fever. (proteinpower.com)
- From a bottle of cough syrup to missed time at work and school, the price tag of catching a cold can add up. (chr-hansen.com)
- The common cold is the most common cause of acute cough and therefore the estimated 46% reduction in the duration of cough is also very important. (nutraingredients.com)
- WASHINGTON, D.C. - Public Citizen is calling on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ban a substance used in many over-the-counter appetite suppressants and cough/cold remedies because it can increase the risk of stroke. (citizen.org)
- Taking over-the-counter pain or cold and cough medicines . (medlineplus.gov)
- Some cold and cough medicines contain ingredients that are not recommended for children. (medlineplus.gov)
- Talk with your child's health care provider before giving your child any cold and cough medicines. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some cold and cough medicines contain pain relievers. (medlineplus.gov)
Influenza7
- It's not just because of the snow and cold, it's also the influenza and common colds. (scienceblogs.com)
- King County has an influenza protocol for shelters that is designed to limit the spread of the flu and "flu-like symptoms," which may include the common cold. (realchangenews.org)
- With the publication of the world's largest clinical study on the immune effect of probiotics in adults, we have obtained results indicating that the probiotic strain named L. CASEI 431 ® can shorten the duration of the common cold and influenza-like illness, potentially lowering the use of health care resources and reducing the need for antibiotics. (chr-hansen.com)
- In addition to the burden on government healthcare expenditures, the increased use of antibiotics to treat the common cold and influenza-like symptoms also contributes to developing antibiotic resistance - an area of growing public health concern. (chr-hansen.com)
- 1 "Productivity Losses Related to the Common Cold" (JOEM, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 822-9, Sept. 2002) and "The Economic Burden of Non--Influenza-Related Viral Respiratory Tract Infection in the United States" (Arch Intern Med. (chr-hansen.com)
- Influenza (flu) is more dangerous than the common cold for children. (cdc.gov)
- se revisa todos los años y se actualiza, según corresponda, para que coincida con los virus de la influenza en circulación. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotics7
- Antibiotics do not work against viruses that cause colds and will not help you feel better. (cdc.gov)
- Antibiotics won't help you get better if you have a cold. (cdc.gov)
- Antibiotics are not necessary for the common cold. (medicinenet.com)
- And, alas, a trip to your local doctor won't help you much either because the common cold is caused by a virus, and as we all know, there aren't really any medications including antibiotics that kill viruses. (proteinpower.com)
- Long term zinc supplementation (five months) was even associated with fewer school absences, developments of colds, and prescriptions of antibiotics. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- Antibiotics will not help with a cold. (medlineplus.gov)
- Antibiotics help with bacterial infections, not with viral infections such as colds. (medlineplus.gov)
Coronaviruses6
- There are four coronaviruses that most often cause the common cold in humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The study, published Aug. 4 in the journal Science , found that immune cells known as T cells that recognize common cold coronaviruses also recognize specific sites on SARS-CoV-2 - including parts of the infamous "spike" protein it uses to bind to and invade human cells. (livescience.com)
- We have now proven that, in some people, preexisting T-cell memory against common cold coronaviruses can cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2, down to the exact molecular structures," study co-lead author Daniela Weiskopf, assistant professor at La Jolla Institute for Immunology in La Jolla, California, said in a statement . (livescience.com)
- Scientists hypothesized that this existing immunity could be due to previous infections with other coronaviruses, specifically those that cause common cold infections. (livescience.com)
- The researchers showed that these T cells also reacted to similar sites on four different coronaviruses that cause common cold infections. (livescience.com)
- This study provides very strong direct molecular evidence that memory T cells can 'see' sequences that are very similar between common cold coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2," Sette said. (livescience.com)
Adults12
- Every year, adults have an average of 2 to 3 colds, and children have even more. (cdc.gov)
- In fact, children in preschool and elementary school can have six to 12 colds per year while adolescents and adults typically have two to four colds per year. (medicinenet.com)
- In adults, a fever is generally not present but it is common in infants and young children. (wikipedia.org)
- See related article on treatment of the common cold in children and adults . (aafp.org)
- Cold symptoms in adults can be treated with some over-the-counter medicines. (aafp.org)
- Fortunately, most toddler cold symptoms, which are similar to those in adults, aren't very severe. (whattoexpect.com)
- Best thing you can do when you come down with one of the two or three colds adults get a year is to ride it out, drink plenty of fluids and get plenty of rest. (baltimorestyle.com)
- Healthy adults, according to the Mayo Clinic, can expect two to three colds each year. (realchangenews.org)
- Popping a couple zinc supplements at the start of cold could save about two days of sniffling, at least for adults, finds a new review. (time.com)
- A analysis of 17 studies involving 2,121 people aged 1 to 65 found that taking zinc either as a lozenge, pill or syrup helped adults kick their cold symptoms more than two days sooner than adults who did not take zinc. (time.com)
- Although oral zinc can impact the duration of [the] common in adults, there is not enough evidence to recommend its use in children, and only a weak rationale for its use in adults," lead researcher Dr. Michelle Science, an infectious disease specialist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, told WebMD . (time.com)
- Adults have an average of 2-3 colds per year, and children have even more. (medlineplus.gov)
Illness8
- The common cold sends more kids to the doctor than any other illness. (kidshealth.org)
- Most colds don't cause serious illness and will get better over time. (aafp.org)
- Because of the large number of people who get the common cold, this illness results in more than 22 million days of missed school and an even greater number of absent days from work every year in the United States. (harvard.edu)
- People are most infectious (likely to pass the cold onto others) during the first 24 hours of the illness, and they usually remain infectious for as long as the symptoms last. (harvard.edu)
- For a small number of people, the congestion from a cold may allow another illness to take hold, such as a bacterial infection of the middle ear or the sinuses. (harvard.edu)
- Although medical therapies can improve the symptoms of the common cold, they do not prevent, cure or shorten the illness. (harvard.edu)
- Colds are probably the most common illness. (medlineplus.gov)
- More severe illness is less common but can include asthma exacerbations, bronchioliti middle ear infections, sinusitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
Severe8
- COVID-19 also causes more varied symptoms than colds and has a higher risk of severe complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- By comparison, COVID-19 has a higher risk of causing severe symptoms and complications than a cold. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Also call the doctor if his cold symptoms seem more severe than usual or if you're at all concerned for any other reason. (whattoexpect.com)
- First, the bouts of severe colds. (emofree.com)
- While an often-overlooked cause of health-related productivity losses, the socio-economic costs of the common cold exceed other and more severe health conditions such as asthma, heart failure, and emphysema. (chr-hansen.com)
- The socio-economic costs of the common cold can be significant and exceed other and more severe health conditions such as asthma, heart failure and emphysema. (chr-hansen.com)
- Specifically, those randomly assigned pills reported colds that were on average 0.16 to 0.69 days shorter and 8 to 17 percent less severe than those who didnt receive pills. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- I mentioned that's a severe form of the common cold. (cdc.gov)
Contagious6
- The common cold is a self-limited contagious disease that can be caused by a number of different types of viruses. (medicinenet.com)
- In general, the common cold can be contagious anywhere from one to two days before the symptoms begin up until the symptoms have completely resolved. (medicinenet.com)
- Keep in mind that the common cold is quite contagious, passing from person to person via touch or airborne particles, so it may spread for a couple of weeks after your child falls ill. (whattoexpect.com)
- Both the flu and the common cold are contagious respiratory illnesses that share similar symptoms despite being caused by different viruses, according to the CDC . (bostonglobe.com)
- The viruses that cause colds are very contagious. (medlineplus.gov)
- A cold is most contagious during the first 1 or 2 days after symptoms develop. (msdmanuals.com)
Respiratory illnesses3
- February 12, 2020 Many respiratory illnesses, such as colds and flus, peak in winter, then die down with warmer weather. (npr.org)
- The common cold and the seasonal flu may seem similar, as they're both respiratory illnesses and they share many of the same symptoms. (whattoexpect.com)
- The P sidoides extract is used extensively in Europe, especially in Germany, to treat colds and other respiratory illnesses. (proteinpower.com)
Illnesses3
- However, some people who get a cold may develop other illnesses, such as bronchitis or pneumonia . (medlineplus.gov)
- Common colds are among the most common illnesses. (msdmanuals.com)
- Other viruses cause common coldlike illnesses at other times of the year. (msdmanuals.com)
Infants and young children1
- Infants and young children are more likely to develop the common cold because they have not yet developed immunity to many of the implicated viruses. (medicinenet.com)
Frequent5
- Colds are one of the most frequent reasons for missed school and work. (cdc.gov)
- For this reason, colds are a frequent and recurring problem. (medicinenet.com)
- The common cold is the most frequent infectious disease in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Good hygiene, including frequent hand washing, is the best way to prevent colds. (msdmanuals.com)
- Planning for work regimes to include persistent or frequent physical activity while working out of doors in the cold is important. (cdc.gov)
Allergies2
- Is that sneezing or coughing fit a sign of allergies, a cold, the flu or COVID-19? (npr.org)
- Acute otitis media often occurs in people with a cold or allergies. (msdmanuals.com)
School absences1
- It is estimated that individuals in the United States suffer an estimated 1 billion colds per year, with approximately 22 million days of school absences recorded annually. (medicinenet.com)
Severity8
- In addition to having different symptoms, COVID-19 and colds also differ in how they spread, their severity, and their treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The big difference between a cold and the flu is the speed at which symptoms appear and their severity. (whattoexpect.com)
- There are a lot of anecdotal reports about all the above 'treatments' working to reduce the severity and duration of a cold, but when tested under the same stringent double-blind, placebo-controlled methods used to vet drugs, they fall short. (proteinpower.com)
- Since there has been so much scientific data showing the efficacy of the P sidoides extract in treating bronchitis, a group of researchers in Ukraine decided to test it to see if it would reduce the duration and severity of the common cold. (proteinpower.com)
- However, zinc didn't lessen the severity of their cold symptoms. (time.com)
- Using data compiled from 15 trials on a total of 1360 patients, a new Cochrane Systematic Review concludes that zinc supplementation may reduce the severity of symptoms and duration of the common cold . (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- When taken within 24 hours of cold onset, zinc was linked with reduced severity and duration of cold symptoms. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
- Although there are many over-the-counter cold remedies already available, we are not awash with things that can stop cold symptoms or greatly reduce their severity. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
Vaccine13
- The common cold has no cure, and there is no available vaccine . (medicinenet.com)
- There is no vaccine for the common cold. (wikipedia.org)
- Why don't we have a common cold vaccine? (popsci.com)
- For decades, scientists have been on the hunt for a universal common cold vaccine-and they're still searching. (popsci.com)
- With more than a billion cases each year in the US alone -far more than any other virus, including COVID-19 and the flu combined-it's hard to overstate the uplift a universal common cold vaccine would have. (popsci.com)
- Dating back to the 19th century, a slew of vaccines have been developed for many of humanity's most pervasive pathogens, from the very first vaccine in 1798 for smallpox to cholera and typhoid in 1896 to the COVID-19 vaccines in 2020-but no common cold vaccine. (popsci.com)
- In the 1950s, however, flush with the success of Jonas Salk's polio vaccine , virologists were convinced it would be just a handful of years before the common cold would be eradicated by vaccine. (popsci.com)
- In the 1955 Popular Science article, prolific virologist Robert Huebner estimated that a vaccine for the common cold might be available to the general public in as little as a year. (popsci.com)
- When it comes to manufacturing universal vaccines, scientists hunt for the lowest common denominator-a common trait that the vaccine can target-shared by all variants of a virus. (popsci.com)
- Will we ever get our hands on that secret weapon, a cold vaccine? (sciencefriday.com)
- There are just too many cold viruses out there and they change a little bit every year, so there's no way you could ever have a vaccine," says Dr. Kevin Ferentz, chairman of the Department of Family Medicine at GBMC. (baltimorestyle.com)
- There is no vaccine to protect against the common cold. (medlineplus.gov)
- recurring expressions of pandemic-induced fatigue , comments spotlighting financial conspiracy theories involving local authorities and the pandemic, remarks concerning vaccine hesitancy that garnered substantial engagement from other users, and queries about distinguishing between cold, flu, and COVID-19 . (who.int)
Typically1
- The common cold virus is typically transmitted via airborne droplets (aerosols), direct contact with infected nasal secretions, or fomites (contaminated objects). (wikipedia.org)
Year9
- In the United States, the common cold is thought to account for approximately 75-100 million physician visits annually, with an economic impact of greater than $20 billion per year due to cold-related work loss. (medicinenet.com)
- Under normal circumstances, the average adult gets two to three colds a year, while the average child may get six to eight. (wikipedia.org)
- Kids can get eight colds a year - or more. (kidshealth.org)
- The common cold is an unwelcome yet familiar visitor this time of year. (sciencefriday.com)
- The average American has 1 to 3 colds per year. (harvard.edu)
- Also people who exercise regularly, especially those who exercise daily, have fewer colds per year than those who are less active. (harvard.edu)
- In the first EFSA opinion, Leiber had submitted a study covering the whole seasonal year that showed only a small reduction in cold episodes during the cold season. (nutraingredients.com)
- Little ones in day care may get as many as six to eight colds a year. (whattoexpect.com)
- In the US, studies have estimated the annual cost of the common cold to be between 25-40 billion USD per year and approx. (chr-hansen.com)
Infection9
- The common cold is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by many different viruses . (medicinenet.com)
- The common cold is medically referred to as a viral upper respiratory tract infection. (medicinenet.com)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center: "True or False: Being Exposed to Wet Cold Weather Increases the Risk of Infection. (webmd.com)
- The common cold is an upper respiratory infection that is caused by several families of viruses. (harvard.edu)
- The common children's cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. (whattoexpect.com)
- Foxman stressed that scientists do not know whether the annual seasonal spread of the common cold virus will have a similar impact on infection rates of those exposed to the coronavirus that causes Covid-19. (savedelete.com)
- The researchers said that their lab has begun to study whether the introduction of the cold virus before infection by the Covid-19 virus offers a similar type of protection. (savedelete.com)
- The common cold is a mild infection of your upper respiratory tract (which includes your nose and throat). (medlineplus.gov)
- Cold symptoms start 1 to 3 days after infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Mild6
- Most people who develop colds experience mild to moderate symptoms and then recover in 7-10 days without hospital treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The good news: Most toddler colds and mild fevers go away on their own - and getting sick often builds up the immune system, helping him fend off the next bug that comes his way. (whattoexpect.com)
- Common cold symptoms are usually on the mild side, come on gradually and may include a low-grade fever, while the flu is accompanied by abrupt symptoms and a sudden temperature spike, usually over 101 degrees F. In general, the flu hits kids harder than a common cold, leaving them feeling sicker and more uncomfortable. (whattoexpect.com)
- Among our local homeless population, though, a mild cold can become something much more serious. (realchangenews.org)
- They tended to be "mostly mild" and "cold-like. (bostonglobe.com)
- Fever is not common, but a mild fever may occur at the beginning of the cold. (msdmanuals.com)
20231
- November 30, 2023 One common decongestant, phenylephrine, was found ineffective this fall. (npr.org)
Fever5
- If you try to push through a cold, especially if you have a fever, you'll exhaust yourself. (webmd.com)
- For example, one of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 is a fever, which is rare in people with colds. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Many of these symptoms, including fever, body aches, and gastrointestinal symptoms, are uncommon in people with colds. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Some people may have similar symptoms to a cold, with no fever. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- While there's no cure for the common cold, check in with your pediatrician if your toddler has ear pain or a fever of more than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (the normal threshold is between 101.5 and 102 degrees F, but a temp higher than 100.4 degrees F will likely require him to be tested for COVID-19). (whattoexpect.com)
Smokers2
- Still, smokers get more colds than non-smokers. (webmd.com)
- Chemicals in secondhand smoke can damage the lining of his still-developing lungs, and if his parents are smokers, they'll get more colds than non-smokers, exposing him to their germs. (whattoexpect.com)
Infectious Disease1
- The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. (wikipedia.org)
Fevers1
- High fevers are rare with the common cold. (harvard.edu)
Sinusitis1
- Some of the most common symptoms of sinusitis are pain, tenderness, nasal congestion. (msdmanuals.com)
Humans2
- And Jeff Bender, a professor of public health at the University of Minnesota, clarifies the viral relationship between humans and animals, including whether it's possible to exchange colds with your pets. (sciencefriday.com)
- The common cold, also called viral rhinitis, is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans. (harvard.edu)
Infections2
- If your tot never seems to stop sniffling and coughing, you're not alone: Many healthy children catch between eight and 10 colds or other viral infections in the first two years of life, and their symptoms can last for up to 10 days or longer, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). (whattoexpect.com)
- Previous infections with common cold viruses can train the immune system to recognize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, according to a new study. (livescience.com)
Throat1
- We've all experienced the sore, scratchy throat, the non-stop running nose, the malignant sneezing, the headache and general malaise brought on by the good old common cold. (proteinpower.com)
Nasal2
- Usually, colds are spread when a person's hands come in contact with nasal secretions from an infected person. (msdmanuals.com)
- Colds spread mainly when people's hands come in contact with nasal secretions from an infected person. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptom1
- Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Dristan Cold Multi Symptom Formula. (drugs.com)
Similar symptoms1
- Colds can have similar symptoms to flu . (cdc.gov)
COVID6
- What's the difference between COVID, flu, and cold symptoms? (popsci.com)
- This article discusses the differences between the symptoms of common colds and COVID-19. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Is COVID-19 similar to the common cold? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Colds and COVID-19 have some similarities. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Is It a Cold , the Flu, or COVID-19? (nih.gov)
- When Delta became the dominant variant and led to an uptick in cases, cold-like symptoms became more common, as the lead scientist on the ZOE COVID Study app noted last week . (bostonglobe.com)
Germs3
- The common cold most often is transmitted by direct contact with germs from the nose, mouth, or coughed or sneezed droplets from someone who is infected, usually by hand-to-hand contact. (harvard.edu)
- Toddler colds occur more often in winter when kids are exposed to more germs while cooped up inside for longer periods. (whattoexpect.com)
- For example, you could get a cold after you shake hands with someone who has a cold or touch a doorknob that has the germs on it, and then touch your face. (medlineplus.gov)
Airborne droplets1
- The common cold is transmitted by virus-infected airborne droplets or by direct contact with infected secretions. (medicinenet.com)
Medicines2
- The Hill ) - CVS is pulling some common cold medicines from its shelves in the wake of a recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee's finding that an active ingredient in them is not effective. (kxan.com)
- However, most people don't know about it, and when they do see it mixed in with all the other cold medicines, they don't know how different it really is. (proteinpower.com)
Fewer1
- Zinc taken in the first 24 hours of cold symptoms may reduce how many days you have a cold, and you may also get fewer symptoms. (aafp.org)
Coronavirus2
- The coronavirus outbreak began during the cold of winter in Wuhan, China. (npr.org)
- UCLA engineers and scientists have demonstrated that treatments with near-room-temperature, cold atmospheric plasma can kill the coronavirus present on a variety of surfaces in as little as 30 seconds. (uclahealth.org)
Harder2
- Lighting up damages cells in your lungs , which makes it harder for you to fight off a cold. (webmd.com)
- Colds seem harder to escape as the temperature drops and people spend more time indoors. (medlineplus.gov)
Cure6
- There is no cure for a cold. (cdc.gov)
- So what about the elusive "cure" for the common cold? (sciencefriday.com)
- Finally, a Cure for the Common Cold. (medpagetoday.com)
- New research may help pave the way to a cure for the common cold. (everydayhealth.com)
- Our grandmas have always been asking us, 'If you're so smart, why haven't you come up with a cure for the common cold? (everydayhealth.com)
- Like all the researchers and physicians interviewed for this article, Massey hesitates to claim that cold-water swimming is a "cure" that should be medicalized. (medscape.com)
Hours of cold onset1
- The chemical composition has to be right so zinc is released, and it must be started within 24 hours of cold onset to be effective. (time.com)
Researchers5
- Doctors and researchers question the efficacy of many common over-the-counter treatments for colds and flus. (npr.org)
- Scientists at the Universities of Leeds, York and Helsinki say they are a step closer to cracking what researchers have called the 'Enigma code' of the common cold virus. (leeds.ac.uk)
- The researchers recommend that cold sufferers consult with their physicians before trying supplements. (time.com)
- Pretending the cold virus is a key trying to get into the lock [referring to the host cell], researchers have disabled a protein on the cell so the virus cannot infect those cells. (everydayhealth.com)
- The researchers found that even during months when both viruses were active if the common cold virus was present, the flu virus was not. (savedelete.com)
Virus4
- A cold virus can live on frequently touched objects such as doorknobs, pens, books, cell phones, computer keyboards, and coffee cups for several hours and can thus be acquired from contact with these objects. (medicinenet.com)
- IRA FLATOW: So you can't tell by what kind of- I'm not going to get gross, mucus is coming out or sneezing, which kind of cold virus you have. (sciencefriday.com)
- This is a really exciting result, showing the potential of cold atmospheric plasma as a safe and effective way to fight transmission of the virus by killing it on a wide range of surfaces," said Richard Wirz, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, and the leader of the study. (uclahealth.org)
- And with those samples, we were able to use next- generation DNA sequencing methodologies to identify the virus, which, again, turned out to be this very common human virus that had never been seen in chimps before. (cdc.gov)
Droplets1
- Less often, colds are spread when people breathe air containing droplets that were coughed or sneezed out by an infected person. (msdmanuals.com)
People7
- Most people with a common cold recovered in about 7 to 10 days. (medicinenet.com)
- If possible, you should avoid close, prolonged exposure to people who have colds. (harvard.edu)
- People who get less than 7 hours of sleep per night are more likely to get colds compared to those averaging at least 7 hours of sleep per night. (harvard.edu)
- The common cold infects more than two billion people annually, making it one of the most successful viral pathogens, so we are excited to make this crucial step forward. (leeds.ac.uk)
- Common colds have a strong economic and social impact in our society, keeping people away from work and school," says Schaffner. (everydayhealth.com)
- Most people who have a cold will feel better after a week or two. (medlineplus.gov)
- This is more common in people with weakened immune systems, asthma , or other respiratory conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
20221
- How Does Starbucks Make Cold Foam In 2022? (talkradionews.com)
Randomly assigned1
- In the studies, the participants were randomly assigned to take zinc or a placebo within three days of contracting a cold. (time.com)
Treatments for the comm1
- What are the treatments for the common cold? (medlineplus.gov)