Color vision defects. Medical search

Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.

Type of vision test used to determine COLOR VISION DEFECTS.

Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.

Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.

Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm).

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)

Economic aspects of the nursing profession.

Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907)

The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.

A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Cone signal contributions to electroretinograms [correction of electrograms] in dichromats and trichromats. (1/392)

PURPOSE: To find out how the different cone types contribute to the electroretinogram (ERG) by quantifying the contribution of the signal pathways originating in the long (L-) and the middle (M-) wavelength-sensitive cones to the total ERG response amplitude and phase. METHODS: ERG response amplitudes and phases were measured to cone-isolating stimuli and to different combinations of L- and M-cone modulation. Conditions were chosen to exclude any contribution of the short wavelength-sensitive (S-) cones. The sensitivity of the ERG to the L and the M cones was defined as the cone contrast gain. RESULTS: In the present paper, a model is provided that describes the ERG contrast gains and ERG thresholds in dichromats and color normal trichromats. For the X-chromosome-linked dichromats, the contrast gains of only one cone type (either the L or the M cones) sufficed to describe the ERG thresholds for all stimulus conditions. Data suggest that the M-cone contrast gains of protanopes are larger than the L-cone contrast gains of deuteranopes. The response thresholds of the trichromats are modeled by assuming a vector summation of signals originating in the L and the M cones. Their L- and M-cone contrast gains are close to a linear interpolation of the data obtained from the dichromats. Nearly all trichromats had larger L- than M-cone contrast gains. Data from a large population of trichromats were examined to study the individual variations in cone weightings and in the phases of the cone pathway responses. CONCLUSIONS: The data strongly suggest that the missing cone type in dichromats is replaced by the remaining cone type. The mean L-cone to M-cone weighting ratio in trichromats was found to be approximately 4:1. But there is a substantial interindividual variability between trichromats. The response phases of the L- and the M-cone pathways can be reliably quantified using the response phases to the cone-isolating stimuli or using a vector addition of L- and M-cone signals. (+info)

Failure of many ophthalmologists to use lasers safely. (2/392)

In 1990, after the detection of impairment of colour discrimination in laser operators, the College of Ophthalmologists recommended safety guidelines for the use of lasers. We measured the effectiveness of these guidelines and their impact on ophthalmological practice in the United Kingdom. Previously, in ophthalmologists not following the guidelines, there was a deterioration in colour discrimination after a laser session. No such deterioration was found in 10 ophthalmologists tested who adhered to the guidelines, but their colour discrimination was significantly worse than that of controls. Replies to a questionnaire disclosed that one third of senior ophthalmologists were unaware of the practices recommended. (+info)

Selective color constancy deficits after circumscribed unilateral brain lesions. (3/392)

The color of an object, when part of a complex scene, is determined not only by its spectral reflectance but also by the colors of all other objects in the scene (von Helmholtz, 1886; Ives, 1912; Land, 1959). By taking global color information into account, the visual system is able to maintain constancy of the color appearance of the object, despite large variations in the light incident on the retina arising from changes in the spectral content of the illuminating light (Hurlbert, 1998; Maloney, 1999). The neural basis of this color constancy is, however, poorly understood. Although there seems to be a prominent role for retinal, cone-specific adaptation mechanisms (von Kries, 1902; Poppel, 1986; Foster and Nascimento, 1994), the contribution of cortical mechanisms to color constancy is still unclear (Land et al., 1983; D'Zmura and Lennie, 1986). We examined the color perception of 27 patients with defined unilateral lesions mainly located in the parieto-temporo-occipital and fronto-parieto-temporal cortex. With a battery of clinical and specially designed color vision tests we tried to detect and differentiate between possible deficits in central color processing. Our results show that color constancy can be selectively impaired after circumscribed unilateral lesions in parieto-temporal cortex of the left or right hemisphere. Five of 27 patients exhibited significant deficits in a color constancy task, but all of the 5 performed well in color discrimination or higher-level visual tasks, such as the association of colors with familiar objects. These results indicate that the computations underlying color constancy are mediated by specialized cortical circuitry, which is independent of the neural substrate for color discrimination and for assigning colors to objects. (+info)

Preretinopic changes in the colour vision of juvenile diabetics. (4/392)

AIMS: To examine the colour vision of juvenile patients suffering from diabetes mellitus without retinopathy in relation to metabolic and ophthalmic state. METHODS: Metameric matches, both Rayleigh (red/green) and Moreland (blue/green) were used to test the colour vision yearly of 10 juvenile patients. The patients were monitored over 4 years, and during the final year, their blood glucose level was determined directly after testing colour vision. An ophthalmic examination was performed on the day of colour vision testing and blood and urine were analysed regularly throughout the 4 years. Their results are compared with an aged matched control group of 20 subjects, seven of whom were retested after 9-16 months. RESULTS: After 4 years, the colour vision results show an enlarged matching range for the Moreland match, as well as a smaller increase in the matching range for the Rayleigh match. No significant correlation was found between blood glucose at the time of testing and any of the variables measured. CONCLUSION: The pattern of colour vision deficits in metameric matching shown by juvenile diabetics is consistent with postreceptoral alterations of the inner retina, at this preretinopic stage of disease. Duration of diabetes is correlated with both colour vision changes and morphological alteration of the retina. (+info)

Is the rod visual field temporally homogeneous? (5/392)

Cone vision has been shown to be temporally inhomogeneous across the visual field. In the periphery, contrast sensitivity is lower for low temporal frequencies and higher for high temporal frequencies. Here we ask a similar question for rod vision at mesopic luminances. Isolation is obtained by testing a well documented rod monochromat. We show that the rod visual field exhibits only a modest degree of temporal inhomogeneity. (+info)

Temporal analysis of the chromatic flash VEP--separate colour and luminance contrast components. (6/392)

Temporal analysis of the chromatic flash visual evoked potential (VEP) was studied in human subjects with normal and anomalous colour vision using a deterministic pseudo-random binary stimulus (VERIS). Five experiments were carried out on four normal subjects investigating heterochromatic red-green exchange and single colour/achromatic (either red/grey or green/grey) exchange over a wide range of luminance ratios for the two stimuli, the effects of lowered mean luminance on the chromatic VEP and the effects of colour desaturation at constant mean luminance and constant luminance contrast. Finally, the performance of three dichromats, a protanope and two deuteranopes, on heterochromatic exchange VEP and on colour desaturation were investigated. In contrast to the chromatic electroretinogram, which shows great symmetry with respect to luminance ratio on opposite sides of the isoluminant point, the chromatic VEP demonstrated a distinct asymmetry when the colours exchanged included red. On the red side of isoluminance (red more luminant than green), a wave with longer latency and altered waveform became dominant. The effects of green stimulation were indistinguishable from those of achromatic stimulation at the same luminance contrast over the whole range of chromatic contrast and for all levels of desaturation studied. Desaturation of red with constant luminance contrast (desaturated red/grey stimulation) resulted in a systematic alteration in the evoked waveform. Subtraction of the achromatic first- and second-order responses from responses recorded in the red desaturation series resulted in remarkably uniform waveforms, with peak amplitudes growing linearly with saturation. The absence of interaction between achromatic and coloured components for all (including the most intense colour) stimulus parameters used suggests that the generators of these components are separate. Recordings from the dichromats showed that the contrast response minimum shifted from the point of photopic isoluminance to the point of zero cone contrast (at the silent substitution point) for the remaining cone type. The waveforms recorded with a series of luminance ratios were much simpler than those recorded from trichromats and symmetrical with respect to their isoluminant points. Despite the indication of the presence of L cones of apparently normal spectral sensitivity in the deuteranopes (on the basis of flicker photometry), there was no evidence for a red-sensitive component in the desaturation or heterochromatic stimulation series. The results are discussed in terms of the possibility of separate generation of chromatic and achromatic contributions to the VEP. (+info)

Homozygosity mapping of the Achromatopsia locus in the Pingelapese. (7/392)

Achromatopsia, or total color blindness (also referred to as "rod monochromacy"), is a severe retinal disorder characterized clinically by an inability to distinguish colors, impaired visual acuity in daylight, photophobia, and nystagmus. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, achromatopsia is rare in the general population (1:20,000-1:50,000). Among the Pingelapese people of the Eastern Caroline Islands, however, the disorder occurs at an extremely high frequency, as recounted in Oliver Sacks's popular book The Island of the Colorblind: 4%-10% of this island population have the disorder and approximately 30% carry the gene. This extraordinary enrichment of the disease allele most likely resulted from a sharp reduction in population in the late 18th century, in the aftermath of a typhoon and subsequent geographic and cultural isolation. To obtain insights into the genetic basis of achromatopsia, as well as into the genetic history of this region of Micronesia, a genomewide search for linkage was performed in three Pingelapese kindreds with achromatopsia. A two-step search was used with a DNA pooling strategy, followed by genotyping of individual family members. Genetic markers that displayed a shift toward homozygosity in the affected DNA pool were used to genotype individual members of the kindreds, and an achromatopsia locus was identified on 8q21-q22. A maximal multipoint LOD score of 9.5 was observed with marker D8S1707. Homozygosity was seen for three adjacent markers (D8S275, D8S1119, and D8S1707), whereas recombination was observed with the flanking markers D8S1757 and D8S270, defining the outer boundaries of the disease-gene locus that spans a distance of <6.5cM. (+info)

Analysis of red/green color discrimination in subjects with a single X-linked photopigment gene. (8/392)

Many subjects despite having only a single X-linked pigment gene (single-L/M-gene subjects) are able to make chromatic discriminations by Rayleigh matching, especially when large fields are used. We used a combination of psychophysics (Rayleigh match), electroretinograms (ERG), and molecular genetic techniques to rule out several possible explanations of this phenomenon. Use of rods for chromatic discrimination was unlikely since strong adapting fields were employed and the large-field match results were not consistent with rod participation. A putative mid- to long-wavelength photopigment that escapes detection by current molecular genetic analysis was ruled out by finding only a single L/M photopigment in flicker ERGs from 16 single-L/M-gene subjects. Large-field match results were not consistent with participation of S cones. Amino acid sequence polymorphisms in the S-pigment gene that might have shifted the S cone spectrum towards longer wavelengths were not found on sequencing. The mechanism of chromatic discrimination in the presence of a single photopigment therefore remains unknown. Further possible explanations such as variations in cone pigment density and retinal inhomogeneities are discussed. (+info)

There are several types of color vision defects, including:

1. Color blindness: This is a common condition where individuals have difficulty distinguishing between certain colors, such as red and green. It is usually inherited and affects males more frequently than females.
2. Achromatopsia: This is a rare condition where individuals have difficulty seeing any colors and only see shades of gray.
3. Tritanopia: This is a rare condition where individuals have difficulty seeing the color blue and only see yellow and red.
4. Deuteranomaly: This is a common condition where individuals have difficulty seeing red and green colors and see these colors as more yellow or orange.
5. Anomalous trichromacy: This is a rare condition where individuals have an extra type of cone in their retina, which can cause unusual color perception.

Color vision defects can be diagnosed with a series of tests, including the Ishihara test, the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test, and the Lantern Test. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but may include glasses or contact lenses, color filters, or surgery.

In conclusion, color vision defects can significantly impact daily life, making it important to be aware of these conditions and seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. With proper diagnosis and treatment, individuals with color vision defects can lead normal and fulfilling lives.

It is important for individuals with discoid lupus erythematosus to be aware of their condition and seek medical attention if they experience any changes in their symptoms or if new lesions develop, as the disease can lead to complications such as skin cancer, scarring, and joint pain if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and improve quality of life for those affected by the condition.

Alterations in vision (vision blurring, hemivisual field defects, color blindness, cortical blindness) are common. They occur ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_encephalopathy

Neitz, Maureen (1 May 2000). "Molecular Genetics of Color Vision and Color Vision Defects". Archives of Ophthalmology. 118 (5 ... The color vision of blue cone monochromats is generally described as monochromacy or total color blindness. However, ... Neitz, J; Neitz, M (2011). "The genetics of normal and defective color vision". Vision Res. 51 (7): 633-651. doi:10.1016/j. ... with a color vision test, either general in nature like the Farnsworth D-15 or Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue test or the Berson ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_cone_monochromacy

Color blindness (or color vision deficiency) is a defect of normal color vision. Because color blindness is a symptom of ... and other conditions that do not affect color vision can still affect color vision tasks (e.g. Anomia). Comparative color tasks ... Aphasia or color anomia can also lead to a failure to perform denotative color tasks even when color vision is normal. Some ... In addition to color vision, connotative color tasks require either cultural or natural knowledge to interpret the color's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_task

"A novel mutation in the short-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment gene associated with a tritan color vision defect". Vis. ... Nathans J, Thomas D, Hogness DS (Apr 1986). "Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red ... Swanson WH, Cohen JM (2003). "Color vision". Ophthalmology Clinics of North America. 16 (2): 179-203. doi:10.1016/S0896-1549(03 ... 1986). "Molecular genetics of inherited variation in human color vision". Science. 232 (4747): 203-10. doi:10.1126/science. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPN1SW

This induced participants with normal color vision to experience tritan defect when wearing the lens. In a subsequent study ... found that EnChroma lenses enhanced color vision for those with the most common types of red-green color vision deficiency. The ... that they help color blind people to see the same colors in a different way since the colored filter altered the way colors ... The lenses focus on the most common color vision deficiency which is caused by the red and green retinal cone cells that, when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnChroma

The patient experiences a loss of visual acuity, visual field defect, afferent pupillary defect, and loss of color vision. This ... The double vision is initially intermittent but can gradually become chronic. The medial rectus is the second-most-commonly- ... Cochrane Eyes and Vision Group) (November 2018). "Tocilizumab for thyroid eye disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Non-specific symptoms with these pathologies include irritation, grittiness, photophobia, tearing, and blurred vision. Pain is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves'_ophthalmopathy

The figure can be seen with normal color vision, but not with a particular color defect. The figure and background colors must ... A color vision test is used for measuring color vision against a standard. These tests are most often used to diagnose color ... Color vision standards are used to evaluate the color vision of a subject. They are most commonly applied to job applicants ... Alterations to color vision are common symptoms of toxicity and eye health, so color vision standards can also be used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_vision_test

... individuals with color vision defect should see a different figure from individuals with normal color vision. Vanishing plates ... only individuals with normal color vision could recognize the figure. Hidden digit plates: only individuals with color vision ... Diagnostic plates: intended to determine the type of color vision defect (protanopia or deuteranopia) and the severity of it. ... 29 (a line can be traced by many of those with red-green color blindness, but not by those with normal color vision) The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishihara_test

It presents with visual loss and signs of optic nerve dysfunction, such as loss of color vision, afferent pupil defect, and ... Chronic progressive vision loss that mimics a compressive lesion. The main features that differentiate AON from the more common ... The poor recovery of vision in AON despite anti-inflammatory treatment suggests that ischemia from the underlying vasculitis is ... The clinical manifestations include progressive vision loss that tends to be steroid-responsive and steroid dependent. Patients ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_optic_neuropathy

Examination findings usually include decreased visual acuity, a visual field defect, color vision loss, a relative afferent ... It is characterized by acute vision loss without initial disc edema, but with subsequent optic disc atrophy. Although there is ... optic nerve health decompression may be beneficial for a select group of patients with a gradual decline in vision due to ION. ... pupillary defect, and a swollen optic nerve head. Posterior ION occurs arteritic, nonarteritic, and surgical settings. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_optic_neuropathy

... often initially characterized by a defect in color perception (dyschromatopsia) followed by blurring of vision and loss of ... Optic neuritis is associated monocular vision loss, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuritis

Patients with Mohr-Tranebjærg experience reduced visual acuity, photophobia, acquired color vision defect and central scotomas ... Individuals with Mohr Tranebjærg syndrome have normal vision during childhood, but they may develop vision problems due to ... or other vision problems beginning in adolescence. Their sharpness of vision (visual acuity) slowly worsens, often leading to ... but they progress usually to severe deafness and dystonia and sometimes are accompanied by cortical deterioration of vision and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr–Tranebjærg_syndrome

... color vision defects MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.339 - diplopia MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.512 - hemianopsia MeSH C23.888.592.763. ... vision disorders MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.073 - amblyopia MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.162 - blindness MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.162 ... 941.661 - photophobia MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.811 - scotoma MeSH C23.888.592.763.941.848 - vision, low MeSH C23.888.592.796 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C23)

... progressive loss of color vision, defects in the field of vision (especially cecocentral), and an afferent pupillary defect. If ... the tumor continues to grow and push on the optic nerve, all vision will be lost in that eye as the nerve atrophies. Proptosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenoid_wing_meningioma

... although visual field defects, or loss of color vision, may occur in isolation or prior to formal loss of visual acuity. ... Some patients recover, but many are left with impairment of vision and limbs, which can be severe in some cases. Long term ... In 1894, Eugène Devic and his PhD student Fernand Gault described 16 patients who had lost vision in one or both eyes and ... Early initiation of treatment with steroids have shown to improve vision-related outcomes after acute attacks. However, there ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromyelitis_optica_spectrum_disorder

... color vision defects MeSH C10.597.751.941.339 - diplopia MeSH C10.597.751.941.512 - hemianopsia MeSH C10.597.751.941.661 - ... vision disorders MeSH C10.597.751.941.073 - amblyopia MeSH C10.597.751.941.162 - blindness MeSH C10.597.751.941.162.125 - ... photophobia MeSH C10.597.751.941.811 - scotoma MeSH C10.597.751.941.905 - vision, low MeSH C10.597.975.100 - aphonia MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C10)

GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Red-Green Color Vision Defects v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Nathans J, Thomas D, Hogness DS (1986). "Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red ... 2002). "Novel missense mutations in red/green opsin genes in congenital color-vision deficiencies". Biochem. Biophys. Res. ... Color vision, All stub articles, Transmembrane receptor stubs). ... gene in the visual pigment array determines colour-vision ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPN1MW

"Color vision defects", Ocular Disease, Elsevier, pp. 478-485, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-2983-7.00062-0, ISBN 978-0-7020-2983-7 ... Maureen E. Neitz is an American vision scientist whose research includes work on color vision and color blindness and the ... Neitz is married to and works with Jay Neitz, also a vision scientist. They married in 1981 and began working together in ... In 2010, Neitz and her husband Jay were awarded the Pepose Award in Vision Science by Brandeis University. Rogers, Adam ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_Neitz

... color vision defects MeSH C11.966.339 - diplopia MeSH C11.966.671 - night blindness MeSH C11.966.741 - photophobia MeSH C11.966 ... scotoma MeSH C11.966.905 - vision, low The list continues at List of MeSH codes (C12). (Articles lacking reliable references ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C11)

They are also used to validate other color vision standards with regards to classification of color vision defects.: 20 An ... Anomaloscopes for the diagnosis of congenital red-green color vision defects and acquired color vision disorders - Basic ... The parameter values at match define the type and strength of the color vision defect. The wavelengths of the three lights used ... An anomaloscope is an instrument and color vision test, often used to quantify and characterize color blindness. They are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomaloscope

... reduced color vision, relative afferent pupillary defect, central scotoma, swollen optic disc, macular edema, or retrobulbar ... Progressive optic atrophy may result in decreased visual acuity or color vision. Intracranial hypertension with papilledema may ... or color vision loss with concurrent mucocutaneous lesions or systemic Behçet's disease symptoms should raise suspicion of ... Signs and symptoms of acute optic neuropathy include painless loss of vision which may affect either one or both eyes, reduced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behçet's_disease

A pupillary defect may be visible in the acute stage as well. Examination reveals decreased visual acuity, loss of color vision ... Red green color vision testing may detect losses. Contrast sensitivity may be diminished. There could be an abnormal ... Further, people taking idebenone demonstrated preservation of color vision and persistence of the effects of idebenone 30 ... "Effects of idebenone on color vision in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy". J Neuroophthalmol. 33 (1): 30-36. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leber's_hereditary_optic_neuropathy

GRK7 similarly regulates cone opsin phosphorylation and deactivation in color vision, together with cone arrestin, also known ... In zebrafish and in humans, loss of GRK5 function has been associated with heart defects due to heterotaxy, a series of ... GRK1 is involved with rhodopsin phosphorylation and deactivation in vision, together with arrestin-1, also known as S-antigen. ... Defects in GRK1 result in Oguchi stationary night blindness. ... developmental defects arising from improper left-right ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor_kinase

... color vision, intraocular pressure and threshold visual fields. For those with visual field defects optical coherence ... Some of patients will develop some peripheral field defects. These can include nasal step defects, enlarged blind spots, ... Central vision loss is a rare complication of bleeding from peripapillar choroidal neovascular membranes. Anterior ischemic ... Rosen E, Almog Y, Assia E (November 2005). "[Optic disc drusen and acute vision loss]". Harefuah (in Hebrew). 144 (11): 785-89 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_disc_drusen

... by its greater effect in decreasing visual acuity and color vision, and by the presence of a central scotoma. Papilledema that ... Papillitis can be differentiated from papilledema by an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn pupil), ... However, esotropia may also develop secondarily in an eye that has lost vision from papillitis. Retrobulbar neuritis, an ... is not yet chronic will not have as dramatic an effect on vision. Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_papillitis

... while the primary purpose of the D15 test is to identify color vision defects, most notably red-green and blue-yellow color ... The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Color Vision test is a color vision test often used to test for color blindness. The system was ... For more information on color vision deficiencies or color blindness, see Color Blindness. The Munsell Vision Test is reliant ... Color Vision Deficiency Type (CVDT) and Color Vision Deficiency Severity (CVDS). TES is an automated, generated value that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnsworth–Munsell_100_hue_test

... opsia is a color vision defect where vision is tinted blue. This can be a drug-induced side effect or experienced after ... In X11 colors, this color is called both cyan and aqua. In the HTML color list, this same color is called aqua. The web colors ... In the RGB color wheel of subtractive colors, cyan is midway between blue and green. In the CMYK color model, used in color ... In the subtractive color system, or CMYK color model, which can be overlaid to produce all colors in paint and color printing, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyan

Frothingham first became aware of a defect in his vision. He could not enjoy picture-galleries, and saw distorted figures and ... blurred colors. He consulted oculists in Paris and London, but no disease was visible in his eyes. When he returned home in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Langdon_Frothingham

Vision problems are not associated with gray, dilute, or white coat colors in horses, and blue eyes in horses do not indicate ... In other mammals, the diagnosis of albinism is based on the impairment of tyrosinase production through defects in the Color (C ... Gray foals may be born any color, but the colored hairs of their coat become progressively silvered as they age, eventually ... Horses with strongly diluted coat colors usually have pale eyes (usually blue), cream-colored coats, and rosy-pink skin that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_horse

Neitz, Maureen (1 May 2000). "Molecular Genetics of Color Vision and Color Vision Defects". Archives of Ophthalmology. 118 (5 ... These color vision tests test detect the color vision phenotype, and not the subject genotype, so are unable to differentiate ... The only significant symptom of congenital red-green color blindness is deficient color vision (color blindness or ... color vision) are well known, so genetic testing can be a useful supplement to psychophysical color vision tests that may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_red–green_color_blindness

Artificially colored, showing gestational sac, yolk sac and embryo (measuring 3 mm as the distance between the + signs). Embryo ... Randomized controlled trials have followed children up to ages 8-9, with no significant differences in vision, hearing, school ... In most countries, routine pregnancy sonographic scans are performed to detect developmental defects before birth. This ... of fetuses affected by Down syndrome exhibit this defect, 5% of fetuses flagged by the test do not have Down syndrome. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography

Horses have two-color, or dichromatic vision, which is somewhat like red-green color blindness in humans. Because the horse's ... Abnormal wear of the teeth, caused by conformational defects, abnormal behaviors, or improper diets, can cause serious health ... "In Living Color." The Horse, Online edition, 1 June 2007. Web site accessed 27 July 2007 at "The Horse - Your Guide to Equine ... The horse has a wide field of monocular vision, as well as good visual acuity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_anatomy

She experienced visions of a wolf killing the children of the camp; in reality, it was she who did so. The character's likeness ... Madnar bitterly defects to Zanzibar Land and develops Metal Gear D after being rejected by the scientific community. He comes ... In Metal Gear 2, Schneider appears under the guise of Black Ninja (ブラック・ニンジャ, Burakku Ninja) (Black Color (ブラック・カラー, Burakku ... As I returned, I had one vision: the world set ablaze. And do you know what I saw there? Fury! A great and terrible fury at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Metal_Gear_characters

2020 color space, high dynamic range (PQ and HLG), and 10-bit color depth. 4K Blu-ray Discs have a data rate of at least 50 ... "Vision, Applications and Requirements for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N11872". ISO/IEC. January ... and also includes corrections to various minor defects in the prior content of the Specification. Version 8: As of August 2021 ... 2020 color space that has become widely used in UHDTV systems and to be able to deliver higher dynamic range and color fidelity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding

But even though they provided relief to them, the Bureau did not accept Johnson's vision of poor whites as the loyal and ... which caused them to resemble Indians in the color of their skin and their clothing, a belief that was endemic in the 18th and ... haggard people who suffered from numerous physical and social defects. They were dirty, callow, ragged, cadaverous, leathery, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_trash

Risk factors for rapid conversion of RBD to a synucleinopathy include impairments in color vision or the ability to smell, mild ... and the Revised Digit Symbol Subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale may show defects in attention that are ... and blurred vision. From chewing to defecation, alpha-synuclein deposits affect every level of gastrointestinal function. ... hallucinations in senses other than vision (hearing, touch, taste, and smell); hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness); hyposmia ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies

New techniques were tried out at this time: in 1704, Jacob Christoph Le Blon experimented with color printing combined with ... In La Tauromaquia (1816) he made thirty-three prints-eight were not published initially because they contained small defects-in ... ranging from dreamlike visions to images of violence and sex; in some of them there is criticism of the established power and ... in hand-colored relief etching, with a simple, linear stylistic style, reminiscent of medieval times. Then followed works such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_printmaking_in_the_18th_century

Later on, he developed his own version of the gland without the defect of quicksilver madness, but this version was improperly ... The series' concept of invisibility is explained through the existence of "Quicksilver", a silver-colored synthetic hormone ... hearing and vision - to function in a crude but useful manner, allowing him to perceive the world as "lights and shadows", and ... thus giving his vision a chance to heal where others exposed to the weapon were permanently blinded. The main drawback of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invisible_Man_(2000_TV_series)

My True Colors (Catch 22 Recordings, 2000) Street Experience (Volume #1) (Muzik Pushers, 1993) "When The Music Stop" (D:vision ... Elms had a strong outing with "Guitarra G" that was picked up by Defected Records. With the extraordinary writing skills of ... Record label D:vision Records snapped it up giving Disciple even more exposure. Disciple then made his debut in at Angels Of ... Taka Boom, sister of Chaka Khan worked with Disciple on "Wanna Be" the first single from his album My True Colors. For the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Disciple

Jane is a person living with Albinism{Albinism is a defect of melanin production that results in little or no color (pigment) ... "True Vision". Times of India. 20 November 2010. Archived from the original on 8 September 2011. *Interview at KnowYourStar.com ... The IISE addresses to people that have overcome significant life challenges ranging from vision impairment, disability, poverty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanthari_international

Using color-digitized techniques, the gray-shaded thermal images can be converted to color for easier identification of desired ... Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate ... Once located, those defects can be corrected by scaling or replaced by inpainting. Infrared reflectography can be applied to ... Army's night vision lab formed (now Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD)), and Rachets develops detection, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared

Tubular vision or Tunnel vision is the loss of peripheral vision with retention of central vision, resulting in a constricted ... Peripheral field defects: Peripheral field defects may occur in early or late stages of glaucoma. Roenne's peripheral nasal ... which commonly described the color of eyes which were not dark (i.e. blue, green, light gray). Eyes described as γλαυκóς due to ... Peripheral vision is affected first, but eventually the entire vision will be lost if not treated. Diagnosis is made by looking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

He was banned for four months by the Bulgarian Chess Federation, though this ban was overturned due to procedural defects, and ... In most simultaneous exhibitions, the player giving the exhibition always plays the same color (by convention white) in all ... only his obliquity of moral vision ..." Six prior allegations of similar collusion and bribery, including another against Ware ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheating_in_chess

In 1992, Rosenberg brokered a deal in which seven top-selling artists defected from Marvel Comics to form Image Comics. ... making 'Cowboys & Aliens'," Heat Vision Blog (Sept, 2009). Johnston, Rich. "WOWIO to Pay All 2008 Second Quarter Payments by ... colored by Jason Embury Limited series (4 issues, Mar.-June 2007) Ongoing series (3 issues, Dec. 2007-2008) Hero By Night Free ... MULLIGAN, THOMAS S. (1992-02-19). "Holy Plot Twist : Marvel Comics' Parent Sees Artists Defect to Rival Malibu, Stock Dive". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_Studios

The essential joy of heaven is called the beatific vision, which is derived from the vision of God's essence. The soul rests ... Any physical defects the body may have laboured under are erased. Heaven is also known as paradise in some cases. The Great ... Theologians typically begin on one side or the other and their choice inevitably colors their resultant Christology. As a ... John's vision recorded in Revelation describes a New Jerusalem which comes from Heaven to the New Earth, which is seen to be a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_theology

Heat Joker (ヒートジョーカー, Hīto Jōkā): A red/black-colored Half Change accessed from the Heat and Joker Memories. While transformed ... Denden Sensor (デンデンセンサー, Denden Sensā): A pair of night vision goggles that can switch between Goggle Mode (ゴーグルモード, Gōguru ... Katsumi was a resident of Fuuto born with a congenital heart defect. After being involved in a near-fatal car crash, his mother ... Fang Joker (ファングジョーカー, Fangu Jōkā): W's white/black-colored super form accessed from the Fang and Joker Memories. Because of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kamen_Rider_W_characters

Development was rushed and there were many defects in the LT vz. 35s. Many tanks had to be returned to the factories to be ... To his right was a vision slit (120 by 3 millimetres (4.72 in × 0.12 in)) with a similar thickness of bulletproof glass. The ... Germans replaced the original three colored lights used by the Czechs to communicate with the driver with an intercom system. ... to give vision while "buttoned-up". As the sole occupant of the turret, the commander was responsible for loading, aiming and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_35(t)

He has also defected to the Brotherhood, having apparently become disillusioned with the X-Men's goal while blaming himself for ... In the Marvel magazine, Marvel Vision, for most of the series Beast was the supposed author of his self-titled "Beast Files". ... However, his body suddenly mutated again after a short time, changing his fur color from grey to black (although comic book ... The younger Hank and All-New X-Men defect to Cyclops's school,[volume & issue needed] after the events of the Battle of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beast_(Marvel_Comics)

The DeLorean dashboard chronometer uses the same color scheme as the time device of The Time Machine. Critic Ray Loynd opined ... Fein, Esther B. (July 21, 1985). "Three New Films: From Vision To Reality". The New York Times. Archived from the original on ... found the work frustrating compared to his experiences with more fantastical prostheses that made it easier to hide defects. ... The Hollywood Reporter said that despite Spielberg's producer role, it was clearly Zemeckis' vision, being more subtle, gentler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Future

Hortica: A Color Cyclopedia of Garden Flora in All Climates and Indoor Plants. Macmillan, 1992. Graf, Alfred Byrd. Tropica: ... The Encyclopedia of Blindness and Vision Impairment. Facts on File, 1991. Ammer, Christine. The New A to Z of Women's Health: A ... The Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders and Birth Defects. Facts on File, 1991. Turkington, Carol and Allen Sussman. Encyclopedia ... Dangerous Aquatic Animals of the World: A Color Atlas. Darwin Press, 1992. Sterba, Gunther. The Aquarium Encyclopedia. MIT ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_encyclopedias:_biology

Although this vision was never realized, fate eventually played out that the Ira Allen Chapel was to be built on the same spot ... laid in English bond with ivory colored trim and topped with a gray-green slate roof. The face of the main structure was ... Declare That Rumors of Serious Defects in the Tower are without Foundation in Fact". Vermont Alumni Weekly, Vol. V, No. 33. ... and which allowed for the carillonneur to vary the tonal coloring according to harmonic requirements. Up to this point, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Allen_Chapel

Exterior colors were Rainforest Green, Infra-Red, Pitch Black, and Going Platinum, each with an MSRP of $15,535. Kona: the Kona ... "ODI - Office of Defects Investigation". Retrieved November 15, 2007. "PRNewswire: Consumers Digest Names Automotive Best Buys ... "The 2005 Total Quality Awards". Strategic Vision. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011. (CS1: ... Exterior color choices were limited to CD Silver, Infra-Red Tintcoat, Sonic Blue, and Pitch Black. Interior features included ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Focus_(first_generation)

... his hair was straight and of nearly light chestnut color; his eyebrows were of the same color as the hair, and separated one ... But the University of Valencia, established in 1502, is arguably the greatest indicator of Ferdinand's vision as to what a ... but I don't know if it is true or imputed defect, for as we can notice, the fame acquired by some prudent men always is ... His whole face was white, cheeks were red-colored, the beard at the time, given the tender youth, was small and very well set, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon

Computer vision Digital image processing Feature detection (computer vision) Feature extraction Ridge detection Scale space Li ... The main defects of the traditional algorithm can be summarized as follows: A Gaussian filter is applied to smooth out the ... However, some edge pixels remain that are caused by noise and color variation. To account for these spurious responses, it is ... J. Computer Vision, Vol. 1, pp. 167-187, April 1987. Lindeberg, Tony "Edge detection and ridge detection with automatic scale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canny_edge_detector

He confronted the federal garrisons in Morelos, the majority of which defected to him with their weapons. Finally he moved ... 1910-1917 Photos and postcards in color and in black and white, some with manuscript letters, postmarks, and stamps from the ... Gonzales, Michael J. "Imagining Mexico in 1921: Visions of the Revolutionary State and Society in the Centennial Celebration in ... major uprising against the revolutionary vision of the Mexican state in central Mexico, not a short-lived, localized rebellion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Revolution

... available that covered monochrome and color cameras as well as area and line cameras together with a characterization of defect ... It was necessary to define a new standard specific to machine vision applications. The standard is free to use and free to ... EMVA1288 is an electronic measurement standard developed by the European Machine Vision Association (EMVA). Its purpose is to ... 2017 EMVA1288 standard Release 3.1 Glossary of machine vision Official website of the EMVA1288 standard EMVA1288 compliant test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMVA1288

Lighting requirements for circadian regulation are not simply the same as those for vision; planning of indoor lighting in ... A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial ... but not color, which can be shown to "act as an essential regulator of biological timing in more natural settings". Obesity and ... Lalchhandama K (2017). "The path to the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". Science Vision. 3 (Suppl): 1-13. Leloup JC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm

These "armchair" and "zigzag" defects are named based on the configurations of the carbon atoms that surround the holes. In ... Scott, Cameron (March 29, 2014). "Contact Lenses with Infrared Vision? Ultra-thin Graphene Opens Up The Possibilities". ... researchers reported that a graphene veil reversibly applied via chemical vapor deposition was able to preserve the colors in ... Computer simulations indicated energy barriers of 0.61-0.75 eV for hydroxyl-terminated atomic defects that participate in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_applications_of_graphene

In the context of science fiction before the 1960s, the mere existence of characters of color was a remarkable novelty, with ... He says this vision is "at the heart of Heinlein, science fiction, libertarianism, and America. Heinlein imagined how ... where the usual objection to incest-heightened risk of genetic defect in their children-was not a consideration. Peers such as ... were very much ahead of their time both in their explicit rejection of racism and in their inclusion of protagonists of color. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P ... Prevalence and predictors of colour vision defects among Egyptian university students Safaa Osman; Shimaa Khalaf; Heba ... Background: Nowadays, widespread usage of colours increases the need for accurate estimation of colour vision defects and their ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/115916/browse?authority=Color+Vision+Defects&type=mesh

... sometimes called color blindness) represents a group of conditions that affect the perception of color. Explore symptoms, ... Red-green color vision defects are the most common form of color vision deficiency. This condition affects males much more ... Red-green color vision defects are the most common form of color vision deficiency. Affected individuals have trouble ... Blue-yellow color vision defects (also called tritan defects), which are rarer, cause problems with differentiating shades of ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/color-vision-deficiency/

... color vision defects; contrast sensitivity; spirometry ... vision disorder* OR ocular* OR eyesight* OR eye damage* ... Results: The median current styrene exposure was 53.6 mg/g creatinine (interquartile range: 19.5-94.4). Color blindness in men ... Styrenes; Exposure-levels; Risk-factors; Workers; Work-environment; Urinalysis; Metabolites; Preventive-medicine; Vision- ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=%27eye+injur%2A%27+OR+%27eye+burn%2A%27+OR+%27eye+disorder%2A%27+OR+%27eye+irrita%2A%27+OR+%27eye+protect%2A%27+OR+%27vision+disorder%2A%27+OR+%27ocular%2A%27+OR+%27eyesight%2A%27+OR+%27eye+damage%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=15&RecNo=144&View=f&

Acquired Color Vision Defects and Hexane Exposure: A Study of San Francisco Bay Area Automotive Mechanics. Am J Epidemiol. 2016 ... Mergler D, Blain L. Assessing color vision loss among solvent-exposed workers. Am J Ind Med. 1987. 12(2):195-203. [QxMD MEDLINE ... Raitta C, Teir H, Tolonen M, Nurminen M, Helpiö E, Malmström S. Impaired color discrimination among viscose rayon workers ... Cavalleri A, Gobba F, Paltrinieri M, Fantuzzi G, Righi E, Aggazzotti G. Perchloroethylene exposure can induce colour vision ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1174981-differential

An ophthalmologist screens a child for color vision defects using an Ishihara color test plate.. copyright. Copyright © 2012 ... www.afb.org/info/low-vision/living-with-low-vision/creating-a-comfortable-environment-for-people-with-low-vision/235 ... 20/20 vision: A fraction from the Snellen visual acuity system used in the U.S. to characterize "normal" vision. The 20 on top ... vision impairment: A limitation of the functions of the eye that affects sharpness, clarity or normal range of vision. ...

https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/tcnj_classroom_activity1

... serious vision issues may fly under the radar. ... deficient color vision, and other visual field defects. In ... "However, as more and more infants survive to adulthood, were finding that many of them have potentially vision-threatening ... Campbell Genentech: S; Boston Dynamics AI Institute: C; Siloam Vision: PS; NIH: S; RPB: S. ...

https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/when-babies-with-rop-grow-up?may-2023

Impact of congenital color vision defect on color-related tasks among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa. Clin Optom. 2019; ... Ugalahi M, Fasina O, Ogun O. Impact of congenital color vision defect on color-related tasks among secondary school students in ... Screening for Color Vision Defects among Male Saudi Secondary School Children in Jizan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Med J ... Shah A, Hussain R, Fareed M, Afzal M. Prevalence of Red-green color vision defects among muslim males and females of Manipur, ...

https://www.emro.who.int/ar/emhj-volume-27-2021/volume-27-issue-4/prevalence-and-predictors-of-colour-vision-defects-among-egyptian-university-students.html

They are characterized by decreased VISUAL ACUITY; COLOR VISION DEFECTS; progressive loss of peripheral vision and night ... They are characterized by decreased VISUAL ACUITY; COLOR VISION DEFECTS; progressive loss of peripheral vision and night ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=56390&filter=ths_exact_term&q=DISTROFIA+DE+BASTONES+Y+CONOS

... characterized by bilateral progressive defects of the central visual field and of color vision [21,22], the central vision was ... followed by progressive alteration of the peripheral vision, ultimately leading to tunnel vision [3]. Additionally, attenuation ... The visual field revealed a severe impairment of the entire visual field with the persistence of tubular vision in both eyes at ... which affect the vision and hearing capacities [6], and the Bardet-Biedl syndromes, which, in addition to the retinal ...

http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v27/17/

Impact of congenital color vision defect on color-related tasks among schoolchildren in Durban, South Africa. Mashige, ... The impact of spectacle correction on the well-being of children with vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error: a ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/?lang=es&q=au:Mashige,+Khathutshelo+Percy

Bimler, D. & Kirkland, J. (2004). Multidimensional scaling of D15 caps: Color vision defects among tobacco smokers? Visual ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=1962464&pid=S1678-5177200600040000300006&lng=pt

... relative afferent pupillary defect assessment, slit lamp examination, funduscopic examination, and color vision (Farnsworth D- ... We therefore suggest testing visual acuity and performing a sensory color vision test and a Goldmann visual field test before ... Ophthalmologic adverse effects included visual acuity loss, visual color abnormalities, or scotoma. If peripheral neuropathy ... blurred vision, central scotoma, and dyschromatopsia (19,25). We found a high prevalence of confirmed optic neuropathy (25% of ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/8/19-1499_article

... but individuals with severe color vision defects have problems distinguishing many colors from each other. This can affect ... Curing Color Blindness. Maureen Neitz, Ph.D. applies her understanding of color vision genetics to the development of gene ... Mild color vision deficiencies are unlikely to cause difficulties performing daily tasks, ... RPB Vision Resources How the Eye Works Amblyopia & Strabismus Cataract Corneal Disease Diabetic Retinopathy Dry Eye Glaucoma ...

https://www.rpbusa.org/rpb/news-and-publications/news/latest/page-25/

When an injury occurs, vision loss occurs and can be permanent, if the injury is severe. in other cases, vision can be restored ... including blurred vision, visual field defects and difficulty seeing colors. These complications occur because the optic nerve ... Many lose the ability to see colors, and light often appears dimmer in one or both eyes. Certain areas of vision can begin to ... permanent vision loss or decreased vision can result. If any changes occur with vision, seek medical attention immediately. ...

https://www.healthguideinfo.com/neurological-disorders/p118127/

Baseline Vision Clinic is your local Optometrist in Hillsboro serving all of your needs. Call us today at (503) 648-8328 for an ... Color vision defects. *Conjunctivitis. *Keratitis. *Iritis. *Botulism. Photophobia Treatments. If you are suffering from ... Eye color can influence light sensitivity. People who have lighter colored irises experience greater sensitivity than people ... Baseline Vision Clinic. Address 527 SE Baseline Street Suite B. Hillsboro, OR 97123 ...

https://eyegal.com/articles/page/418176-photophobia

Color Vision Defects 1 0 Asperger Syndrome 1 0 Brain Neoplasms 1 0 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=BDNF&geneID=627&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

The characteristic of yellow spots has many variables of random shapes and different shades of color, it is difficult to use ... Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Machine Vision Applied to the Surface Defect Detection of Hard Disk Metal ... This Study aims at the surface defects of aluminum gaskets as the detection targets. The types of defects are yellow spots, ... The detection method will select image processing or deep learning according to the characteristics of the defects. ...

https://www.imeko.org/index.php/proceedings/8898-based-on-deep-convolutional-neural-network-and-machine-vision-applied-to-the-surface-defect-detection-of-hard-disk-metal-gaskets

... loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus- ... impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.. ... color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE ... seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual ... Vision Disorders. Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, ...

https://lookformedical.com/en/definitions/nerve-fibers

Color vision defects. *Conjunctivitis. *Keratitis. *Iritis. *Botulism. Photophobia Treatments. If you are suffering from ... Eye color can influence light sensitivity. People who have lighter colored irises experience greater sensitivity than people ... Extreme cases of photophobia may require prosthetic contact lenses colored to resemble your eyes. These lenses reduce the ...

https://www.familyeyecareofglendale.com/articles/general/418176-photophobia

Color blindness. Color blindness included diagnosis codes indicating color vision deficiencies.. Night blindness. Night ... Visual field defect. Visual field defect includes diagnosis codes indicating defects of the visual field, including scotoma, ... sector or arcuate defects, localized visual field defects, homonymous bilateral field defects or contraction of the visual ... other and unspecified disorders of binocular vision, and vision sensitivity deficiencies.. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/visionhealth/vehss/project/case-definitions-data/other-visual-disturbances.html

The green also preserves night vision but gives slightly better color distinction. The blue preserves night vision and can cut ... Lifetime guarantee against defects in materials and workmanship. Super handy to have in your flight bag just in case! ... Coast TX10 Four Color LED Flashlight. With Your $100 List Contribution receive a free Coast TX10 Four Color LED Flashlight! The ... It provides perfect color distinction and clarity. The Red is best in the cockpit during night flight when you only need a ...

http://www.matronics.com/contribution/index.php?Mode=Initial&Phase=Initial

Narrow fabric on loom inspection systems from COMVIS are automated systems able to detect weft and warp defects, missed picks ... Edge defects & vision filaments. *Graphical overview of the running quality. *Colored dots represent defect type ... The automatic inspection system detects weft defects, warp defects, missed picks and other deviations. In addition to surface ... defect detection, the system is also able to detect very small width deviations and broken filaments or edge defects. ...

https://comvis.com/inspection-systems/narrow-fabric-on-loom-inspection-systems/

... individuals with color vision defect should see a different figure from individuals with normal color vision. ... Diagnostic plates: intended to determine the type of color vision defect (protanopia or deuteranopia) and the severity of it. ... The Ishihara test is a color vision test for detection of red-green color deficiencies. It was named after its designer, ... 29[a] (a line can be traced by many of those with red-green color blindness, but not by those with normal color vision) ...

https://www.knowpia.com/knowpedia/Ishihara_test

... "hill of vision". Visual field defects are considered to be any significant change in sensitivity from this normal hill of ... though it has been noted that deficits in color vision and decreased contrast sensitivity may be detected. In the third phase, ... The field of vision and characteristics of visual field loss in glaucoma. The normal field of vision encompasses approximately ... Optometry and Vision Science. 2008;85:318-329. *↑ White AJR, Sun H, Swanson WH, Lee BB. An examination of physiological ...

https://eyewiki.aao.org/Frequency_Doubling_Technology

... color vision abnormalities, corneal changes (edema and opacities) including corneal deposition of drug with or without ... Eye disorders: Irreversible retinopathy with retinal pigmentation changes (bulls eye appearance), visual field defects ( ... blurred vision, difficulty reading, missing areas of vision).A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, ... Get medical help right away if you have any symptoms of serious eye problems, including: sensitivity to light, vision changes ( ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/plaquenil-hydroxychloroquine-sulfate-343205

H53.3 Other disorders of binocular vision H53.4 Visual field defects H53.5 Color vision deficiencies H53.6 Night blindness ... L67 Hair color and hair shaft abnormalities L67.0 Trichorrhexis nodosa L67.1 Variations in hair color L67.8 Other hair color ... Q71.8 Other reduction defects of upper limb(s) Q71.9 "Reduction defect of upper limb, unspecified" Q72 Reduction defects of ... Q72.8 Other reduction defects of lower limb(s) Q72.9 "Reduction defect of lower limb, unspecified" Q73 Reduction defects of ...

https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/Health_Statistics/nchs/Publications/ICD10/allvalid2011%20(detailed%20titles%20headings).txt

AI-based vision systems and software are trained on images of various possible wood defects revealed by saw cuts. The ... and color variations. ... In-Sight 2000 Vision Sensors * In-Sight 2000 Mini Vision ... It is impossible to program all possible defects and wood patterns, so conventional machine vision is of limited use for lumber ... MACHINE VISION PRODUCT GUIDE. Learn about the entire Cognex family of vision products ...

https://www.cognex.com/en-vn/industries/consumer-products/material-handling/wood-surface-inspection

Colorblind people have one defect cone type: Theyre either red-blind, green-blind, or blue-blind. People with good vision see ... Keep in mind that the lines are blurred between normal vision and a color vision deficiency. Your colorweak readers might see ... The same is true for darker colors: ⬤ and ⬤ become ⬤ for red-blind people. Note that elements with these colors wont get the ... Color combinations to avoid. Every 12th men and every 200th woman of Northern European descent has some kind of red/green color ...

https://blog.datawrapper.de/colorblindness-part1/

In addition to surface defect detection, the system is also able to detect very small width deviations and broken filaments or edge defects. (comvis.com)

Color vision deficiency (sometimes called color blindness) represents a group of conditions that affect the perception of color. (medlineplus.gov)
Color blindness in men and women (standardized morbidity ratios 2.3 and 16.6, respectively) was not associated with exposure estimates, but was the type previously reported with styrene. (cdc.gov)
Colour blindness or colour vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to perceive colour differences under normal lighting conditions. (who.int)
progressive loss of peripheral vision and night blindness. (bvsalud.org)
She became interested in pursuing a treatment for color blindness because she has relatives with the condition. (rpbusa.org)
Research teams at three RPB-supported institutions have collaborated in curing color blindness with gene therapy, the second successful application of gene therapy in treating an eye disorder. (rpbusa.org)
Color blindness affects approximately 10 percent of men and about .5 percent of women in the U.S., in varying degrees of severity. (rpbusa.org)
In some cases, damage to the optic nerve fibers can be permanent, which can result in permanent vision loss and blindness. (healthguideinfo.com)
Color blindness included diagnosis codes indicating color vision deficiencies. (cdc.gov)
Viewers with red-green color blindness will read it as "21", [1] and viewers with monochromacy may see nothing. (knowpia.com)
While holding a military position related to his field, he was given the task of creating a color blindness test. (knowpia.com)
Since its creation, the Ishihara Color Blindness Test has become commonly used worldwide because of its easy use and high accuracy. (knowpia.com)
Red-Green Color Blindness Makes It Difficult to Spot Color Differences. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Red-green color blindness, the most common type of color vision deficiency, affects 1 in 12 males and 1 in 200 females of Northern European heritage, according to Medline Plus. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Although colored contact lenses can't correct color blindness, wearing red-tinted lenses could make it a little easier to notice the contrast between colors. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Use of colour vision is a basic requirement in Colour blindness or colour vision deficiency is the ina- activities of daily living such as clothing, work, cooking bility or decreased ability to perceive colour differences and driving ( 8 ). (who.int)

These nonhereditary conditions are described as acquired color vision deficiencies. (medlineplus.gov)

This Study aims at the surface defects of aluminum gaskets as the detection targets. (imeko.org)
The detection method will select image processing or deep learning according to the characteristics of the defects. (imeko.org)
The characteristic of yellow spots has many variables of random shapes and different shades of color, it is difficult to use image processing to detect defects, therefore, this Study selects deep learning as the detection method of yellow spot and the detection network architecture is a modified architecture based on U-Net. (imeko.org)
The Ishihara test is a color vision test for detection of red-green color deficiencies . (knowpia.com)

It is one of the commonest disorders of vision and divided into congenital and acquired forms (1,2). (who.int)
Congenital colour vision defects (CVDs) are the most common X-linked genetic disorder in humans. (who.int)
It is one of the com- quality of life, studying and occupation, and can increase monest disorders of vision and divided into congenital the risk of road traffic accidents ( 9 - 13 ). (who.int)

The earliest visual field defects in glaucoma have been described as the nasal step or paracentral scotoma, followed by extension of these defects centrally over time. (aao.org)

Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. (lookformedical.com)
[11] In the second phase, visual field loss is barely detectable, though it has been noted that deficits in color vision and decreased contrast sensitivity may be detected. (aao.org)
It has the ability to identify and grade defects based on individual characteristics instead of solely by colour and contrast alone. (aweta.com)

Mild color vision deficiencies are unlikely to cause difficulties performing daily tasks, but individuals with severe color vision defects have problems distinguishing many colors from each other. (rpbusa.org)
Other/unspecified visual disturbances includes other disturbances or defects of sight including subjective visual disturbances, diplopia, other and unspecified disorders of binocular vision, and vision sensitivity deficiencies. (cdc.gov)

Red-green color vision defects are the most common form of color vision deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
These two forms of color vision deficiency disrupt color perception but do not affect the sharpness of vision (visual acuity). (medlineplus.gov)
A less common and more severe form of color vision deficiency called blue cone monochromacy causes very poor visual acuity and severely reduced color vision. (medlineplus.gov)
Blue cone monochromacy is rarer than the other forms of color vision deficiency, affecting about 1 in 100,000 people worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the OPN1LW , OPN1MW , and OPN1SW genes cause the forms of color vision deficiency described above. (medlineplus.gov)
Colour vision was assessed using Ishihara's test of colour deficiency. (who.int)
Red-green CVD is the most common form of colour vision deficiency (3-5). (who.int)
Other plates are intentionally designed to reveal numbers only to those with a red-green color vision deficiency, and be invisible to those with normal red-green color vision. (knowpia.com)
Keep in mind that the lines are blurred between normal vision and a color vision deficiency. (datawrapper.de)
Ocular albinism occurs due to a deficiency of the melanin pigment that gives your irises their color. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

An ophthalmologist screens a child for color vision defects using an Ishihara color test plate. (teachengineering.org)
Example of an Ishihara color test plate. (knowpia.com)

Affected individuals have additional vision problems, which can include increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), involuntary back-and-forth eye movements (nystagmus), and nearsightedness ( myopia ). (medlineplus.gov)
This neurological form of visual impairment is a result of damage to the visual pro-cessing centers of the brain and, even in seemingly healthy eyes, it can result in photophobia, deficient color vision, and other visual field defects. (aao.org)
Extreme cases of photophobia may require prosthetic contact lenses colored to resemble your eyes. (eyegal.com)

Background: Nowadays, widespread usage of colours increases the need for accurate estimation of colour vision defects and their effect on performing daily activities and study/work tasks. (who.int)
To determine the prevalence and predictors of colour vision defects among Assiut university students and to identify their relationship with self-reported visual function and perceived difficulties in performing daily activities. (who.int)
Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire consisting of: personal characteristics, prior awareness of colour vision defects, difficulties in daily colour vision activities, and visual function. (who.int)
Students with colour vision defects had significantly higher odds ratios for difficulties in daily activities and study/work tasks related to colour perception. (who.int)
Students with colour vision defects had significantly lower mean values of general health, role difficulties, and colour vision scores compared to students with normal colour insight. (who.int)
Male sex and family history of colour vision defects were risk factors. (who.int)
A non-negligible percentage of Egyptian university students had colour vision defects, which had a negative impact on performing daily activities, executing study/work tasks, and choice of study/work specialties. (who.int)
Colour vision defects affected quality of life with regard to general health, role difficulties and colour vision. (who.int)
Use of colour vision is a basic requirement in activities of daily living such as clothing, work, cooking and driving (8). (who.int)
Red- green CVD is the most common form of colour vision marriage ( 14 ). (who.int)

Have you been thinking about changing your appearance with colored contact lenses? (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Adding a color or tint to contact lenses doesn't interfere with your vision. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Tinted contact lenses not only improve vision, but also decrease sensitivity to light and enhance the appearance of your irises. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Luckily, red-tinted contact lenses may decrease sensitivity while improving vision. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Colored contact lenses improve the problem by decreasing the amount of light that enters your eye and enhancing the sharpness of your vision. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Colored contact lenses can also be used to hide injuries or defects, such as a ruptured iris or scars on your eyes. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

Blue cone monochromacy is sometimes considered to be a form of achromatopsia , a disorder characterized by a partial or total lack of color vision with other vision problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Like red-green color vision defects, blue cone monochromacy affects males much more often than females. (medlineplus.gov)
Impaired S cone function alters perception of the color blue, making it difficult or impossible to detect differences between shades of blue and green and causing problems with distinguishing dark blue from black. (medlineplus.gov)
The loss of L and M cone function also underlies the other vision problems in people with blue cone monochromacy. (medlineplus.gov)
Colorblind people have one defect cone type: They're either red-blind, green-blind, or blue-blind. (datawrapper.de)

However, as more and more infants survive to adulthood, we're finding that many of them have potentially vision-threatening retinal disease, even without a known history of severe ROP. (aao.org)
In other cases, if the injury is severe or the optic nerve has been greatly damaged or even severed, permanent vision loss or decreased vision can result. (healthguideinfo.com)

Visual field defect includes diagnosis codes indicating defects of the visual field, including scotoma, sector or arcuate defects, localized visual field defects, homonymous bilateral field defects or contraction of the visual field. (cdc.gov)

In a research study published in Optometry and Vision Science, wearing red-tinted contacts reduced light sensitivity for all participants with retinal disease and improved visual acuity (sharpness) by one line for seven out of nine participants. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

designed to be visible by all persons, whether normal or color vision deficient. (knowpia.com)
[ citation needed ] Incandescent bulbs should not be used, as their low temperature (yellow-color) gives highly inaccurate results, allowing some color vision deficient persons to pass. (knowpia.com)

Maureen Neitz, Ph.D. applies her understanding of color vision genetics to the development of gene therapy for photoreceptor-based retinal diseases. (rpbusa.org)
So, contrary to popular belief, the Great Dane's blue eye color that they're born with is, most often than not, due to their genetics and not due to any disease. (greatdanek9.com)

In people with this condition, only S cones are functional, which leads to reduced visual acuity and poor color vision. (medlineplus.gov)
When injuries to the optic nerve occur, many complications with vision often result, including blurred vision , visual field defects and difficulty seeing colors. (healthguideinfo.com)
Visual field defects are considered to be any significant change in sensitivity from this normal hill of vision. (aao.org)
In the third phase, visual field defects become manifest and extend to cover an entire Bjerrum, or arcuate region as they progress. (aao.org)
It is impossible to program all possible defects and wood patterns, so conventional machine vision is of limited use for lumber grading visual inspection. (cognex.com)

Perhaps most important, they show that an adult brain can rewire itself to 'learn' to discriminate color, which is encouraging for the possibility of using gene therapy to treat a variety of human vision disorders. (rpbusa.org)

The automatic inspection system detects weft defects, warp defects, missed picks and other deviations. (comvis.com)

Any type of iris condition or injury could increase your sensitivity to light or make your vision blurry. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

Each plate depicts a solid circle of colored dots appearing randomized in color and size. (knowpia.com)
[3] Within the pattern are dots which form a number or shape clearly visible to those with normal color vision, and invisible, or difficult to see, to those with a red-green color vision defect. (knowpia.com)

These changes lead to an absence of L or M cones or to the production of abnormal opsin pigments in these cones that affect red-green color vision. (medlineplus.gov)
Internal quality (texture, taste and absence of internal defects) is linked to aspects that are not generally perceived externally but are equally important to many consumers. (aweta.com)

People who have lighter colored irises experience greater sensitivity than people with darker irises. (eyegal.com)

Rather, it dilutes or lightens the dog's existing darker colors. (greatdanek9.com)

World leaders in electronics, automotive, aerospace, and other industries rely on Radiant Vision Systems for test and measurement solutions that ensure absolute product quality to meet their customers' exacting demands. (radiantvisionsystems.com)
We offer a comprehensive portfolio for light and color measurement-including imaging colorimeters. (radiantvisionsystems.com)

intended to determine the type of color vision defect ( protanopia or deuteranopia ) and the severity of it. (knowpia.com)

Get our email updates filled with the latest news from our researchers about preventing vision loss, treating eye disease and even restoring sight. (rpbusa.org)

The proteins produced from these genes play essential roles in color vision. (medlineplus.gov)
Hence, the Great Dane's coat color and eye color are dependent on the genes they inherited from their parents and therefore, carry. (greatdanek9.com)
And since the breed's blue eyes are due to their genes, they do not experience any vision defects. (greatdanek9.com)

Your optometrist can recommend the best color for your lenses based on your needs. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

Great Danes are born with beautiful eye colors that complement their elegant appearance and massive size. (greatdanek9.com)

These complications occur because the optic nerve is responsible for transmitting information from the eye to the brain, making vision possible. (healthguideinfo.com)
With any optic nerve injury, vision gradually worsens over a period of several days. (healthguideinfo.com)

Many lose the ability to see colors, and light often appears dimmer in one or both eyes. (healthguideinfo.com)
As the video explains, we see color because photoreceptor cells (also called cones ) in our eyes react to certain light waves. (datawrapper.de)
However, the Great Dane eye color change as the dog grows and mature, especially if they're born with blue eyes. (greatdanek9.com)
Whilst others have two different colored eyes where one could be blue while the other eye is brown in color. (greatdanek9.com)
A Great Dane's eyes appear beautiful and aesthetic in every color they hold. (greatdanek9.com)
All Great Dane coat colors beside the Harlequin Great Danes genetically have brown or amber-colored eyes. (greatdanek9.com)
In the case of Harlequin Danes, the presence of the Merle gene in their genetic material furnishes the dog with blue, green, or even grey-colored eyes. (greatdanek9.com)
Another vision defect called nuclear sclerosis changes the color of the dog's eyes with a cloudy blue tinge. (greatdanek9.com)

Genetic changes involving the OPN1LW or OPN1MW gene cause red-green color vision defects. (medlineplus.gov)

Blue-yellow color vision defects (also called tritan defects), which are rarer, cause problems with differentiating shades of blue and green and cause difficulty distinguishing dark blue from black. (medlineplus.gov)
Some problems with color vision are not caused by gene mutations. (medlineplus.gov)

Cones provide vision in bright light, including color vision. (medlineplus.gov)
The brain combines input from all three types of cones to produce normal color vision. (medlineplus.gov)

only individuals with normal color vision could recognize the figure. (knowpia.com)

The types of defects are yellow spots, incomplete grinding and bump damages. (imeko.org)
The classification tool then identifies and distinguishes various types of wood defects, while accepting the wide range of patterns, textures, and color variations. (cognex.com)

Rods provide vision in low light. (medlineplus.gov)
Eye color can influence light sensitivity. (eyegal.com)
The bad news is that colorblind people can't distinguish at all between certain colors: Your red-blind and green-blind readers can't tell red and green apart, or orange and light green. (datawrapper.de)
Wearing tinted colored lenses reduces glare and light sensitivity, two factors that contribute to eyestrain. (visionsource-idoctors.com)
Diseases that affect the retina, the layer of light-sensing tissues at the back of the eye, can impair your vision and increase light sensitivity. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

Blue-yellow color vision defects result from mutations in the OPN1SW gene. (medlineplus.gov)

The spot on the detector returns to normal color after it is exposed to fresh air. (matronics.com)
The number "74" should be clearly visible to viewers with normal color vision. (knowpia.com)

In a classroom of 20 children, it is likely that at least one will have a problem discerning color. (rpbusa.org)
But if what you're looking for is more of a companion rather than a show dog, then eye colors would not be a problem. (greatdanek9.com)
Blurry or double vision can be a problem if you spend hours reading or using digital devices. (visionsource-idoctors.com)

The normal field of vision encompasses approximately 50 degrees nasal and superior, 70 degrees inferior, and 90 degrees temporal. (aao.org)

Detail preserving reproduction of color images for monochromats and dichromats. (musc.edu)
This detail will assists those with vision impairments with discerning the demarcated counter top regions from one another. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science1

Health Care1

Cone signal contributions to electroretinograms [correction of electrograms] in dichromats and trichromats. (1/392)

Failure of many ophthalmologists to use lasers safely. (2/392)

Selective color constancy deficits after circumscribed unilateral brain lesions. (3/392)

Preretinopic changes in the colour vision of juvenile diabetics. (4/392)

Is the rod visual field temporally homogeneous? (5/392)

Temporal analysis of the chromatic flash VEP--separate colour and luminance contrast components. (6/392)

Homozygosity mapping of the Achromatopsia locus in the Pingelapese. (7/392)

Analysis of red/green color discrimination in subjects with a single X-linked photopigment gene. (8/392)

Color Vision Defects

Color Perception Tests

Color Perception

Retinal Pigments

Color Vision

Color

Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells

Vision, Ocular

Hydroxychloroquine

Economics, Nursing

Antirheumatic Agents

Sulfasalazine

Lactation

Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid

Algorithms

Cone signal contributions to electroretinograms [correction of electrograms] in dichromats and trichromats. (1/392)

Failure of many ophthalmologists to use lasers safely. (2/392)

Selective color constancy deficits after circumscribed unilateral brain lesions. (3/392)

Preretinopic changes in the colour vision of juvenile diabetics. (4/392)

Is the rod visual field temporally homogeneous? (5/392)

Temporal analysis of the chromatic flash VEP--separate colour and luminance contrast components. (6/392)

Homozygosity mapping of the Achromatopsia locus in the Pingelapese. (7/392)

Analysis of red/green color discrimination in subjects with a single X-linked photopigment gene. (8/392)

Hypertensive encephalopathy

Blue cone monochromacy

Color task

OPN1SW

EnChroma

Graves' ophthalmopathy

Color vision test

Ishihara test

Autoimmune optic neuropathy

Ischemic optic neuropathy

Neuritis

Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome

List of MeSH codes (C23)

Sphenoid wing meningioma

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

List of MeSH codes (C10)

OPN1MW

Maureen Neitz

List of MeSH codes (C11)

Anomaloscope

Behçet's disease

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

G protein-coupled receptor kinase

Optic disc drusen

Optic papillitis

Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test

Cyan

Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham

White horse

Congenital red-green color blindness

Obstetric ultrasonography

Equine anatomy

List of Metal Gear characters

High Efficiency Video Coding

White trash

Dementia with Lewy bodies

European printmaking in the 18th century

The Invisible Man (2000 TV series)

DJ Disciple

Kanthari international

Infrared

Glaucoma

Cheating in chess

Platinum Studios

Christian theology

List of Kamen Rider W characters

Panzer 35(t)

Beast (Marvel Comics)

Back to the Future

Bibliography of encyclopedias: biology

Ira Allen Chapel

Ford Focus (first generation)

Ferdinand II of Aragon

Canny edge detector

Mexican Revolution

EMVA1288

Circadian rhythm