Colonic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON.Colon, Descending: The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between TRANSVERSE COLON and the SIGMOID COLON.Colon, Sigmoid: A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon.Colon, Ascending: The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the TRANSVERSE COLON. It passes cephalad from the cecum to the caudal surface of the right lobe of the LIVER where it bends sharply to the left, forming the right colic flexure.Colon, Transverse: The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between ASCENDING COLON and DESCENDING COLON. It passes from the RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE across the ABDOMEN, then turns sharply at the left colonic flexure into the descending colon.HT29 Cells: Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.Diverticulum, Colon: A pouch or sac opening from the COLON.Intestinal Mucosa: Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.Colonic Diseases: Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Colorectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.Colitis: Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.Colectomy: Excision of a portion of the colon or of the whole colon. (Dorland, 28th ed)Colonoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Adenoma: A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Caco-2 Cells: Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.Sigmoid Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SIGMOID COLON.Rectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.Gastrointestinal Motility: The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Rectum: The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Cecum: The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.Dextran Sulfate: Long-chain polymer of glucose containing 17-20% sulfur. It has been used as an anticoagulant and also has been shown to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 to CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is commonly used as both an experimental and clinical laboratory reagent and has been investigated for use as an antiviral agent, in the treatment of hypolipidemia, and for the prevention of free radical damage, among other applications.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.Precancerous Conditions: Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Butyrates: Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.Anticarcinogenic Agents: Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Intestinal Polyps: Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.Rats, Inbred F344Colitis, Ulcerative: Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.Intestine, Large: A segment of the LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the CECUM; the COLON; and the RECTUM.beta Catenin: A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Colostomy: The surgical construction of an opening between the colon and the surface of the body.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Genes, APC: Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and GARDNER SYNDROME, as well as some sporadic colorectal cancers.Cecal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the CECUM.Aberrant Crypt Foci: Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.Sigmoid Diseases: Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.Enema: A solution or compound that is introduced into the RECTUM with the purpose of cleansing the COLON or for diagnostic procedures.Mucins: High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface.Ileum: The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Cathartics: Agents that are used to stimulate evacuation of the bowels.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Intestine, Small: The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Mice, Inbred BALB CTransplantation, Heterologous: Transplantation between animals of different species.Intestinal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.Cyclooxygenase 2: An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Adenomatous Polyposis Coli: A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Microsatellite Instability: The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.Intestinal Obstruction: Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein: A negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling which is mutant in ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI and GARDNER SYNDROME.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Diverticulitis, Colonic: Inflammation of the COLONIC DIVERTICULA, generally with abscess formation and subsequent perforation.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Mice, Inbred C57BLBarium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Dietary Fiber: The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.Muscle, Smooth: Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Methylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted by one or more methyl groups in any position.Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor: Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.Neoplasm Invasiveness: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Adenomatous Polyps: Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Mucin-2: A gel-forming mucin found predominantly in SMALL INTESTINE and variety of mucous membrane-containing organs. It provides a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents.Intestinal Perforation: Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.Esophagoplasty: A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.Digestive System: A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).Megacolon: Dilatation of the COLON, often to alarming dimensions. There are various types of megacolon including congenital megacolon in HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE, idiopathic megacolon in CONSTIPATION, and TOXIC MEGACOLON.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Neoplasm Metastasis: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal: Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Myenteric Plexus: One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithelium, and play an important role in regulating and patterning gut motility. (From FASEB J 1989;3:127-38)DNA, Neoplasm: DNA present in neoplastic tissue.Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays: In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Intestinal Absorption: Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases: Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Sigmoidoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the sigmoid flexure.Gastrointestinal Contents: The contents included in all or any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Fatty Acids, Volatile: Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Anastomosis, Surgical: Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Colitis, Ischemic: Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.Gastrointestinal Tract: Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Jejunum: The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.Tissue Distribution: Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Crohn Disease: A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic: Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.Isoenzymes: Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.Chemotherapy, Adjuvant: Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Camptothecin: An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.Genes, ras: Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.Defecation: The normal process of elimination of fecal material from the RECTUM.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Colonoscopes: Specially designed endoscopes for visualizing the interior surface of the colon.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.RNA, Neoplasm: RNA present in neoplastic tissue.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Organoplatinum Compounds: Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule.Adenoma, Villous: An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)Piroxicam: A cyclooxygenase inhibiting, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that is well established in treating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and used for musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and postoperative pain. Its long half-life enables it to be administered once daily.Cell Movement: The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Leucovorin: The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS.Neoplasms, Multiple Primary: Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Chlorides: Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Peristalsis: A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Colonic Diseases, Functional: Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.Colonography, Computed Tomographic: A non-invasive imaging method that uses computed tomographic data combined with specialized imaging software to examine the colon.Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic: Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.Drug Synergism: The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.Ileostomy: Surgical creation of an external opening into the ILEUM for fecal diversion or drainage. This replacement for the RECTUM is usually created in patients with severe INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES. Loop (continent) or tube (incontinent) procedures are most often employed.Senna Extract: Preparations of Cassia senna and C. angustifolia (see SENNA PLANT). They contain sennosides, which are anthraquinone type CATHARTICS and are used in many different preparations as laxatives.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.DNA Mismatch Repair: A DNA repair pathway involved in correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. Excinucleases recognize the BASE PAIR MISMATCH and cause a segment of polynucleotide chain to be excised from the daughter strand, thereby removing the mismatched base. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors: A subclass of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with specificity for CYCLOOXYGENASE-2.Thymidylate Synthase: An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and dUMP to dihydrofolate and dTMP in the synthesis of thymidine triphosphate. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.1.1.45.Intestinal Polyposis: The growth of INTESTINAL POLYPS. Growth processes include neoplastic (ADENOMA and CARCINOMA) and non-neoplastic (hyperplastic, mucosal, inflammatory, and other polyps).Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Dinoprostone: The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Submucous Plexus: One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The submucous (Meissner's) plexus is in the connective tissue of the submucosa. Its neurons innervate the epithelium, blood vessels, endocrine cells, other submucosal ganglia, and myenteric ganglia, and play an important role in regulating ion and water transport. (From FASEB J 1989;3:127-38)Microsatellite Repeats: A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).Sialomucins: A subcategory of mucins that contain SIALIC ACID.Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.Cytoskeletal Proteins: Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.Diverticulosis, Colonic: A pathological condition characterized by the presence of a number of COLONIC DIVERTICULA in the COLON. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including colon aging, motor dysfunction, increases in intraluminal pressure, and lack of dietary fibers.Bifidobacterium: A rod-shaped, gram-positive, non-acid-fast, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium that is a genus of the family Bifidobacteriaceae, order Bifidobacteriales, class ACTINOBACTERIA. It inhabits the intestines and feces of humans as well as the human vagina.Mice, SCID: Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.TCF Transcription Factors: A family of DNA-binding proteins that are primarily expressed in T-LYMPHOCYTES. They interact with BETA CATENIN and serve as transcriptional activators and repressors in a variety of developmental processes.Wnt Proteins: Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous: An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate: Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Cocarcinogenesis: The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.Drug Resistance, Neoplasm: Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Distinguishing right from left colon by the pattern of gene expression. (1/37)
Distinct epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) based on their anatomical location suggest different risk factors and pathways of transformation associated with proximal and distal colon carcinogenesis. These differences may reflect distinct biological characteristics of proximal and distal colonic mucosa, acquired in embryonic or postnatal development, that determine a differential response to uniformly distributed environmental factors. Alternatively, the differences in the epidemiology of proximal and distal CRCs could result from the presence of different procarcinogenic factors in the ascending versus descending colon, acting on cells with either similar or distinct biological characteristics. We applied cDNA microarray technology to explore the possibility that mucosal epithelium from adult proximal and distal colon can be distinguished by their pattern of gene expression. In addition, gene expression was studied in fetal (17-24 weeks gestation) proximal and distal colon. More than 1000 genes were expressed differentially in adult ascending versus descending colon, with 165 genes showing >2-fold and 49 genes showing >3-fold differences in expression. With almost complete concordance, biopsies of adult colonic epithelium can be correctly classified as proximal or distal by gene expression profile. Only 87 genes were expressed differently in ascending and descending fetal colon, indicating that, although anatomically relevant differences are already established in embryonic colon, additional changes in gene expression occur in postnatal development. (+info)Effects of nifedipine and nickel on plateau potentials generated in submucosal interstitial cells distributed in the mouse proximal colon. (2/37)
The effects of nifedipine and nickel ions (Ni2+), known inhibitors of L- and T-type voltage-gated Ca-channels respectively, were investigated on plateau potentials recorded from submucosal interstitial cells distributed in the mouse proximal colon. Plateau potentials were generated at a frequency of about 15 times min(-1) and were formed of two components. The primary component had an initial fast rate of rise with a transient potential (rate of rise, 130 mV/s; peak amplitude, 35 mV) and was followed by a secondary plateau component with a sustained potential (amplitude, 25 mV; duration, 2.6 s). Each cell from which recordings were made was injected with neurobiotin. Subsequent morphological examination with a confocal microscope indicated successful visualization of injected cells only in the presence of 18beta-glycylrhetinic acid (an inhibitor of gap junctional connections), suggesting that these cells were dye-coupled with surrounding cells. The cells injected with neurobiotin exhibited an oval-shaped cell body with bipolar processes and were distributed in the submucosal layer, suggesting that they were submucosal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-SM). The plateau potentials were not altered by 0.01 microM nifedipine, but were reduced in duration by 0.1 microM nifedipine, and abolished by 1 microM nifedipine. The rate of rise of plateau potentials, but not their amplitude, was reduced by Ni2+ (> 10 microM), with no significant alteration of the membrane potential. In the presence of 100 microM Ni2+, the plateau potentials were changed to a triangular form. Thus, the plateau potentials were formed by two types of voltage-gated channel current: the initial component was produced by a Ni2+-sensitive channel current and the plateau component by a nifedipine-sensitive current. The possible involvement of two different types of voltage-gated Ca2+-channels in the generation of submucosal pacemaker potentials was discussed. (+info)Mechanisms involved in carbachol-induced Ca(2+) sensitization of contractile elements in rat proximal and distal colon. (3/37)
1. Mechanisms involved in Ca(2+) sensitization of contractile elements induced by the activation of muscarinic receptors in membrane-permeabilized preparations of the rat proximal and distal colon were studied. 2. In alpha-toxin-permeabilized preparations from the rat proximal and distal colon, Ca(2+) induced a rapid phasic and subsequent tonic component. After Ca(2+)-induced contraction reached a plateau, guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and carbachol (CCh) in the presence of GTP further contracted preparations of both the proximal and distal colon (Ca(2+) sensitization). Y-27632, a rho-kinase inhibitor, inhibited GTP plus CCh-induced Ca(2+) sensitization more significantly in the proximal colon than in the distal colon. 3. Y-27632 at 10 microm had no effect on Ca(2+)-induced contraction or slightly inhibited phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate-induced Ca(2+) sensitization in either proximal or distal colon. Chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, inhibited GTP plus CCh-induced Ca(2+) sensitization in the distal colon, but not in the proximal colon. The component of Ca(2+) sensitization that persisted after the chelerythrine treatment was completely inhibited by Y-27632. 4. In beta-escin-permeabilized preparations of the proximal colon, C3 exoenzyme completely inhibited GTP plus CCh-induced Ca(2+) sensitization, but PKC(19-31) did not. In the distal colon, C3 exoenzyme abolished GTP-induced Ca(2+) sensitization. It inhibited CCh-induced sensitization by 50 % and the remaining component was inhibited by PKC(19-31). 5. These results suggest that both protein kinase C and rho pathways in parallel mediate the Ca(2+) sensitization coupled to activation of muscarinic receptors in the rat distal colon, whereas the rho pathway alone mediates this action in the proximal colon. (+info)Proximal versus distal hyperplastic polyps of the colorectum: different lesions or a biological spectrum? (4/37)
BACKGROUND: Because of their suggested link with microsatellite instability high colorectal cancers, right sided hyperplastic polyps (HPs) may differ from their distally located counterparts. This is highlighted by the recognition of a variant HP, termed sessile serrated adenoma (SSA), which predominates in the proximal colon. HPs displaying the morphological features now associated with SSAs have been shown to have altered expression of "cancer associated" markers, but no studies have investigated whether this is dependent on anatomical location of the polyps. AIMS: To evaluate morphological and functional features in right versus left sided HPs from patients without colorectal cancer with the aim of identifying distinguishing characteristics. METHODS: HPs originating in the proximal and distal colorectum were histochemically and immunohistochemically stained to evaluate a panel of markers related to proliferation and differentiation. In addition, a series of morphological features was evaluated for each polyp. RESULTS: Crypt serration, crypt dilatation, and horizontal crypt growth were more common among HPs from the right side, whereas histochemical factors including mucin changes, global methylation status, and expression of carcinoembryonic antigen were not significantly different. An age disparity was also seen between patients with right versus left sided lesions, with patients with right sided lesions being an average of more than 10 years younger than those with left sided lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that right and left sided HPs differ mainly in terms of growth regulation rather than cellular differentiation, implying that these lesions belong to a continuous spectrum of serrated polyps that differ quantitatively rather than qualitatively. (+info)A rare case of ascending colon actinomycosis mimicking cancer. (5/37)
BACKGROUND: Actinomycosis is a rare inflammatory disease caused by an anaerobic bacterium that can rarely affect the large intestine. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of a cecum and ascending colon actinomycosis in a 72 years old woman, mimicking clinically a malignant inflammatory tumor of the right colon. The patient complained of right lower quadrant pain. Although our first thought was a peri-appendiceal abscess, CT scan suggested a right colon tumor. The patient underwent a right colectomy and the histological examination of the specimen revealed colon actinomycosis. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis in colon actinomycosis is difficult to achieve. Treatment of choice is antibiotics administration. A review of the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities is also presented. (+info)Treatment of resistant distal intestinal obstruction syndrome with a modified antegrade continence enema procedure. (6/37)
We report a case of a patient with CF who had a long history of recurrent distal intestinal obstruction syndrome. She had been treated with conventional treatment including gastrografin, n-acetyl cysteine, Klean prep and Picolax. She underwent a modified antegrade continence enema procedure. She currently irrigates her conduit every 2-3 days. She has had no further symptoms of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome. (+info)The retroperitoneal surface in distal caecal and proximal ascending colon carcinoma: the Cinderella surgical margin? (7/37)
BACKGROUND: Mesorectal margin tumour involvement is a predictor of local recurrence in rectal carcinoma and an indication for postoperative radiotherapy in suitable patients. However, the prevalence of non-peritonealised surgical margin involvement in ascending colon carcinoma is unknown. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that retroperitoneal surgical margin (RSM) tumour involvement occurs in distal caecal and proximal ascending colon carcinoma. METHODS/RESULTS: One hundred right hemicolectomy specimens, removed for adenocarcinoma of the caecum or proximal ascending colon, were studied. During routine specimen dissection, at least one additional tissue block was taken to include the tumour and the RSM. The tumour distance from the RSM was recorded. RSM tumour involvement was present in seven cases (7%). Direct (non-nodal) RSM tumour involvement (five cases) only occurred in posterior or circumferential tumours. CONCLUSIONS: RSM tumour involvement occurs within a considerable number of distal caecal and proximal ascending colon carcinomas. The rate of RSM tumour involvement identified here is similar to a previously published local recurrence rate of 10% in caecal carcinoma, suggesting that RSM tumour involvement may be a predictor of recurrence in these tumours. Therefore, patients with distal caecal or proximal ascending colon carcinoma and RSM tumour involvement may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy. (+info)Distribution of cytochrome P450 2C, 2E1, 3A4, and 3A5 in human colon mucosa. (8/37)
BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that the alimentary tract is part of the body's first line of defense against orally ingested xenobiotica, little is known about the distribution and expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human colon. Therefore, expression and protein levels of four representative CYPs (CYP2C(8), CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5) were determined in human colon mucosa biopsies obtained from ascending, descending and sigmoid colon. METHODS: Expression of CYP2C, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 mRNA in colon mucosa was determined by RT-PCR. Protein concentration of CYPs was determined using Western blot methods. RESULTS: Extensive interindividual variability was found for the expression of most of the genes. However, expression of CYP2C mRNA levels were significantly higher in the ascending colon than in the sigmoid colon. In contrast, mRNA levels of CYP2E1 and CYP3A5 were significantly lower in the ascending colon in comparison to the descending and sigmoid colon. In sigmoid colon protein levels of CYP2C8 were significantly higher by ~73% than in the descending colon. In contrast, protein concentration of CYP2E1 was significantly lower by ~81% in the sigmoid colon in comparison to the descending colon. CONCLUSION: The current data suggest that the expression of CYP2C, CYP2E1, and CYP3A5 varies in different parts of the colon. (+info)
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Appendicitis | MedcomicAscending Colon. *Right ovary and Fallopian tube. *Right ureter. Clinical significance[edit]. If abdominal pain or signs of ... Examples of tumors in the left lower quadrant include colon cancer and ovarian tumor. ...
The left colic vein drains the descending colon. It is a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein, and follows the path of its ... Ascending branch Descending branch Ronald W. Dudek; Thomas M. Louis (11 February 2014). High-YieldTM Gross Anatomy. Lippincott ...
The tumors are usually in the ascending colon. They also have a good prognostic outcome, so if a patient were diagnosed with ...
... but partly lying behind the cecum at its junction with the ascending colon; (d) a single gland, between the layers of the ... along the medial side of the ascending colon. The lymphatics of cecum and vermiform process from the front. The lymphatics of ... mostly placed in the angle between the ileum and the colon, ...
It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is usually intraperitoneal, the ascending colon ... to the sigmoid colon, through the descending, transverse, and ascending sections. The cecum is an end point for the colon with ... The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice. A cecal ... and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or ...
... the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon and the rectum. Sections of the colon are: The ascending colon ... Of the colon, the ascending colon, descending colon and rectum are retroperitoneal, while the cecum, appendix, transverse colon ... In ruminants, the ascending colon is known as the spiral colon. Taking into account all ages and sexes, colon cancer occurs ... ascending colon 6.6 (6.0-7.0), transverse colon 5.8 (5.0-6.5), descending/sigmoid colon 6.3 (6.0-6.8) and rectum near rectal/ ...
Shim HJ, Hong YK, Kim SJ, Choi YJ, Kang JG (2010). "Carcinosarcoma on ascending colon found by bowel perforation: a case report ... colon, uterus and ovaries. Four main hypotheses have been proposed for the cellular origins of carcinosarcoma, based largely on ...
In an isolated intestinal transplant, the colon will be detached from the small intestine. The cecum and ascending colon are ... In a multivisceral graft, the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and/or colon may be included in the graft. Multivisceral grafts are ... with concentrations of up to 104-107 CFU/mL in the jejunoileum and 1011-1012 CFU/mL in the colon. While suppression of the ...
Ascending colon (ascending in the back wall of the abdomen). *Right colic flexure (flexed portion of the ascending and ... lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and first two-third of the transverse colon. branches of the ... These include the esophagus, pylorus of the stomach, distal duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon and anal canal. In ... last third of the transverse colon, to the upper part of the anal canal. last third of the transverse colon, descending colon, ...
Other locations include the ascending, transverse, and descending sections of the colon. Types of colostomy: Loop colostomy: ... Some common reasons are: A section of the colon has been removed, e.g. due to colon cancer requiring a total mesorectal ... People with colostomies who have ostomies of the sigmoid colon or descending colon may have the option of irrigation, which ... A portion of the colon (or large intestine) has been operated upon and needs to be 'rested' until it is healed. In this case ...
... ascending colon, and the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon. The final branch which is important for the digestive system is ... which includes the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and the anus above the ... The cecum receives chyme from the last part of the small intestine, the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large ... Parasympathetic innervation to the ascending colon is supplied by the vagus nerve. Sympathetic innervation is supplied by the ...
It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is usually intraperitoneal, the ascending colon ... to the sigmoid colon, through the descending, transverse, and ascending sections. The cecum is an end point for the colon with ... It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by ... The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice. ...
This space is defined by: The ascending colon and caecum laterally (further right). The transverse colon superiorly. The root ... The descending colon laterally (further left). Peritoneal recesses Paracolic gutters Anatomy photo:37:14-0200 at the SUNY ... Paracolic gutters are recesses between the abdominal wall and the colon. These gutters are clinically important because they ... in the abdominal cavity between the colon and the root of the mesentery. There are two paramesenteric gutters; the left ...
... the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. In zoology, the term hindgut refers also to the cecum and ascending colon. ... In mammals, it includes the distal third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure, ...
The lateral boundary of the retroperitoneum is defined by the ascending and descending colon. The retroperitoneum can be ...
This nerve goes on to innervate the jejunum, ileum, ascending colon and the transverse colon. While the sympathetic input of ...
Inclusion of a diagram of the colon, labeling e.g. 'sigmoid colon', 'ascending colon', 'descending colon','transverse colon' ... The squatting theory is looking better and better, now that Burkitt's hunch about fiber has failed in the case of colon cancer ...
However, any bleeding within the upper gastrointestinal tract or the ascending colon can lead to melena. Melena may also be a ... Bleeds that originate from the lower gastrointestinal tract (such as the sigmoid colon and rectum) are generally associated ...
At the colon it divides into a descending branch, which anastomoses with the ileocolic, and an ascending branch, which ... These branches form arches, from the convexity of which vessels are distributed to the ascending colon. This article ... toward the middle of the ascending colon; sometimes the vessel lies at a higher level, and crosses the descending part of the ...
Ileum, cecum and ascending colon Cecum and ileum Ileo-cecal valve Ileo-cecal valve Pollard, MF; Thompson-Fawcett, MW; Stringer ... Approximately two litres of fluid enters the colon daily through the ileocecal valve. The ileocecal valve is distinctive ...
It is caused by rotational torsion of the cecum or ascending colon along its own axis. In cecal bascule, the base of the cecum ... Cecal bascule is a cause of large bowel obstruction where there is folding of the cecum anteriorly over the ascending colon. It ... folds anteriorly over the ascending colon, creating a flap-valve, obstructing emptying of the cecum. The condition can be ...
From colon 1 the ascending and transverse colon will be formed and from colon 2 the descending and sigmoid colons and the ... In tetrapods, the ileocaecal valve is always present, opening into the colon. The length of the small intestine is typically ...
... mutations are more commonly observed in cecal cancers than colorectal cancers located in any other places from ascending colon ... "Mutations in the KRAS2 oncogene during progressive stages of human colon carcinoma". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
It receives faecal material from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is present in most ... In tetrapods, the ventral aorta has divided in two; one half forms the ascending aorta, while the other forms the pulmonary ... ascend, or descend without having to waste energy in swimming. The bladder is found only in the bony fishes. In the more ...
The colon may be regarded as two organs, the right side (cecum and ascending colon), a fermenter. The right side of the colon ... Water is distributed in the colon in three ways: Free water which can be absorbed from the colon. Water that is incorporated ... and sigmoid colon), affecting continence. The presence of bacteria in the colon produces an 'organ' of intense, mainly ... The fibers that are most effective in influencing sterol metabolism (e.g. pectin) are fermented in the colon. It is therefore ...
The right colic vein drains the ascending colon, and is a tributary of the superior mesenteric vein. It travels with its ...
Talk:Ascending cervical artery. *Talk:Ascending colon. *Talk:Ascending limb of loop of Henle ... Talk:Ascending branch of medial circumflex femoral artery. * ... Talk:Ascending palatine artery. *Talk:Ascending pharyngeal ...
This may include causes relating to the bladder, uterus, ascending (right) colon, fallopian tubes, ovaries, or other structures ...
Laparotomy showed multiple lesions and intestinal perforation at the ascending and first part of the transverse colon, with a ...
legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.comSeveral diseases can affect the ascending colon, or first part of your large intestine. If youre experiencing pain in this ... 4. Colon Cancer Colon cancer is the term people usually use to describe colorectal cancer, meaning cancer of the colon (which ... Diseases that affect the ascending colon include inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. ... Crohns disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, often the ascending colon and the end of the small intestine. This ...
The ascending colon is the part of the colon located between the cecum and the transverse colon. The ascending colon is smaller ... 1: Ascending colon 2: Transverse colon 3: Descending colon 4: Sigmoid colon 5: Rectum Intestines Front view of the thoracic and ... Ascending colon Mesenteric relation of intestines. Deep dissection. Anterior view. Colon (anatomy) This article incorporates ... Interior of the cecum and the lower end of ascending colon, showing colic valve. Transverse section through the middle of the ...
... ascending colon explanation free. What is ascending colon? Meaning of ascending colon medical term. What does ascending colon ... Looking for online definition of ascending colon in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to ascending colon: descending colon. as·cend·ing co·lon. [TA] the portion of the colon between the ileocecal orifice ... ascending colon (7 cases), descending colon (5 cases), sigmoid colon (10 cases), rectum (14 cases), transverse colon (2 cases) ...
His ultrasonography (USG) examination showed a 9.5 cm long annular mass at the cecum and the ascending colon. An abdominal ... Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Cecum and the Ascending Colon: Surgical Resection as a Treatment Modality. ... mass localized at the medial border of the cecum in close proximity to the ileocecal valve extending into the ascending colon ( ... P-extramedullaries rarely occur in the GI tract, stomach, small bowel, colon, or rectum. SP usually presents in the 5th or 6th ...
... Tahsin Dalgic,1 Erdal ... J. G. Allison, E. P. Getaz, and W. G. Staples, "Primary isolated extramedullary plasmacytoma of the colon: a case report," ... W. Makis, A. Ciarallo, M. Hickeson, and R. Lisbona, "Gastric recurrence of a primary colon plasmacytoma: staging and evaluating ... "Primary isolated extramedullary plasmacytoma of colon," World Journal of Surgical Oncology, vol. 5, article 47, 2007. View at ...
ascending colon | Definition of ascending colon by Webster's Online Dictionary... ascending colon explanation. Define ascending colon by Websters Dictionary, WordNet Lexical Database, Dictionary of Computing ... Ascending. ascending aorta. ascending artery. -- ascending colon --. Ascending latitude. Ascending line. ascending node. ... ascending colon Noun. 1.. ascending colon - the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon ... Ascending series. Ascending signs. Ascension. Ascension Day. Ascension of Christ. Ascension of the Lord. Ascensional. ...
Fowler on ascending colon pain: "stomach pain" can be caused by lots of things & may indeed originate outside the GI tract. ... Ascending Colon (Definition) The ascending colon is the portion of the large intestine "ascending" or going up the right side ... Right colon: The ascending colon is the portion of the large intestine "ascending" or going up the right side of the abdomen. ... A ascending colon polyp worse then anywhere else in the colon.How can I prevent more. High grade removed in may, surgically. ...
Laparoscopic radical lymphadenectomy with complete mesocolic excision for advanced ascending colon cancer near the hepatic...Methods: Between January 2011 and September 2013, 20 consecutive patients with advanced ascending colon cancer near the hepatic ... Conclusions: This laparoscopic method is useful and feasible for ascending colon cancer near the hepatic flexure. ... We present a laparoscopic radical lymphadenectomy procedure for advanced ascending colon cancer near the hepatic flexure. ... Laparoscopic radical lymphadenectomy with complete mesocolic excision for advanced ascending colon cancer near the hepatic ...
2015/16 ICD-10-CM D3A.022 Benign carcinoid tumor of the ascending colon ... Short description: Ben carcinoid asc colon.. *ICD-9-CM 209.53 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a ... Benign carcinoid tumor of the ascending colon. * ... Benign carcinoid of ascending colon. *Benign carcinoid tumor ... Benign carcinoid tumor, ascending colon. *Benign neuroendocrine tumor of ascending colon. *Benign neuroendocrine tumor, ...
Short description: ASCENDING COLON INJ-CLOS.. *ICD-9-CM 863.41 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a ... Injury to ascending (right) colon without open wound into cavity. * ... 2015/16 ICD-10-CM S36.500A Unspecified injury of ascending [right] colon, initial encounter ... Ascending colon contusion. *Ascending colon laceration. *Blast injury of ascending colon. *Traumatic ascending colon ...
In and #64258;ammation of the terminal ileum secondary to an embedded plastic sword with ulceration in the ascending colon... By ... In and #64258;ammation of the terminal ileum secondary to an embedded plastic sword with ulceration in the ascending colon. ... A single 6-mm ulcer was found in the proximal ascending colon at the embedded site. ... a plastic sword pick with the tip and blade in the terminal ileum and the hilt embedded in the proximal ascending colon. The ...
![2020 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S36.590A: Other injury of ascending [right] colon, initial encounter](data:image/png;base64,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)
2020 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S36.590A: Other injury of ascending [right] colon, initial encounterOther injury of ascending [right] colon, initial encounter. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Billable/Specific Code *S36.590A is a ... Other injury of colon. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Applicable To*Secondary blast injury of colon ... Injury of colon. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Type 2 Excludes*injury of rectum (S36.6-) ... effects of foreign body in stomach, small intestine and colon (T18.2-T18.4) ...
Aintree - Herniation of the Caecum and Ascending Colon Through the Foramen of Winslow: A Case Report and Review - Aintree and...Aintree - Herniation of the Caecum and Ascending Colon Through the Foramen of Winslow: A Case Report and Review. Authors: ...
Tumor in the cecum and ascending colonOncolex - cancer encyclopedia › About cancer in the colon/rectum › Treatment › Surgery colon › Tumor in cecum and ascending ... Surgery colonTumor in cecum and ascending Tumor in right flexure Tumor in transversumTumor in left flexure Tumor in descending ... Tumor in the cecum and ascending colon. GeneralEquipmentPreparationImplementationFollow-up ... Tumor in sigmoideumLocally advanced colon. Surgery rectumTEMLow anterior resectionRectum amputation (APE)Rectum amputation with ...
Videos - Ascending Colon Ulceration - Colonoscopy | DrugsUpdate India drugsupdate.com - Indias leading online platform for Doctors and health care professionals. Updates on Drugs, news, journals, 1000s of videos, national and international events, product-launches and much more...Latest drugs in India, drugs, drugs update, drugs update
Oncolex - cancer encyclopedia › Treatment › Surgery › Tumor in cecum and ascending. Tumor in the cecum and ascending colon. ... For cancer in the cecum and ascending colon a right-sided hemicolectomy and a standard resection of colon- and lymph nodes are ... Dissect in the anatomical plane dorsal to the mesocolon of the transversal and ascending colon and coecum. This is anterior to ... Step2 - Release the transverse colon from the middle to the right flexure.. *The gastrocolic ligament (the greater omentum) is ...
Colon Organ Anatomy stock photo | iStockDownload this Colon Organ Anatomy photo now. And search more of the webs best library of royalty-free stock images from iStock ... Colon organ anatomy - Stock image. .... Abdomen, Anatomy, Ascending Colon, Biomedical Illustration, Blue. ...
The ICD-10 Code C18.2 is the code used for Malignant neoplasm of ascending colon .An alternative description for this code is ...
Colon cancer is a potentially curable disease if it is caught in the early stages. This is the reason the American Cancer ... ascending or right colon, transverse colon, descending or left colon, and the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon is considered a ... These symptoms are explained by the anatomy of ascending colon. The ascending colon is wider than its descending counterpart, ... Ascending Colon Symptoms. Cancers in this part of the colon tend to go unnoticed for a long time. They may grow to quite large ...
Transverse colon[change , change source]. This part of the colon goes across the from the ascending colon. It goes underneath ... Ascending colon[change , change source]. This part of the colon goes from the cecum (where the small intestine ends) up the ... The colon is a part of the large intestine. It is between cecum and the rectum. The colon takes water from the feces that goes ... Sigmoid colon[change , change source]. This is the small "S" shaped part of the colon, about 40 cm in length, which goes from ...
Intestines ascending, transverse and descending colon pieces H174 Chocolate Candy Mold... transverse and descending colon pieces H174 Chocolate Candy Mold (BODY PARTS). Intestines ascending, transverse and descending ... colon pieces H174 Chocolate Candy Mold, Cavities: 5, Mold Type: Pieces/MintsHeight: 1 9/16Width: 1 11/16Thickness: 1Bag Size: ... Intestines ascending, transverse and descending colon pieces H174 Chocolate Candy Mold. Our Products: Chocolate Molds > BODY ... Intestines ascending, transverse and descending colon pieces H174 Chocolate Candy Mold, Cavities: 5, Mold Type: Pieces/Mints. ...
A rare case of ascending colon adenocarcinoma incarcerated in an inguinoscrotal hernia: case report and literature review |...... the first instance of a completely laparoscopically assisted resection and hernia repair on a patient with T4 ascending colon ... presented for further investigation of his iron deficiency anaemia and was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon ... black arrows pointing to adherent ascending colon. c Laparoscopic view of the deep ring (white arrows) with ascending colon ( ... a Laparoscopic view of ascending colon (black arrows) herniating through the deep ring (white arrows). b Angled view within the ...
Short Description: Laceration of ascending [right] colon, sequela Long Description: Laceration of ascending [right] colon, ... Your colon, also known as the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. Its a long, hollow tube at the end of your ... Diverticulitis - inflammation or infection of pouches in the colon. *Irritable bowel syndrome - an uncomfortable condition ... Many disorders affect the colons ability to work properly. Some of these include ...
Ascending colon. The ascending colon, on the right side of the abdomen, is about 25 cm long in humans. It is the part of the ... The ascending colon is supplied by parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve (CN X).. Arterial supply of the ascending colon ... Descending colon. The descending colon is the part of the colon from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon ... Transverse colon. The transverse colon is the part of the colon from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure (the turn of ...
- Successful endoscopic mucosal resection of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the sigmoid colon," Endoscopy , vol. 43, no. 2, pp. (hindawi.com)
- The colon is divided into four main sections--ascending or right colon, transverse colon, descending or left colon, and the sigmoid colon. (livestrong.com)
- The sigmoid colon is considered a part of the left colon. (livestrong.com)
- Though these symptoms may also be seen in cancers in the right colon, they are most often seen in the left because the stool is more solid in the descending and sigmoid colon. (livestrong.com)
- The descending colon is the part of the colon from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- The sigmoid colon is supplied with blood from several branches (usually between 2 and 6) of the sigmoid arteries, a branch of the IMA. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- The descending colon is located on the left side of the large intestine, extending from the bend below the spleen to the sigmoid colon. (healthline.com)
- I was sent for a colonoscopy, and a mass was discovered which was determined to be stage 3B cancer of the sigmoid colon. (medicinenet.com)
- The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, goes back down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through the sigmoid colon. (answers.com)
- The distal colon is the descending colon and the sigmoid colon together. (cancer.ca)
- Lianos G, Ignatiadou E, Lianou E, Anastasiadi Z, Fatouros M. Simultaneous volvulus of the transverse and sigmoid colon: case report. (medscape.com)
- Plain abdominal radiograph demonstrating massively dilated sigmoid colon loop and convergence of walls of colon into beaklike formation. (medscape.com)
- CT scan of abdomen demonstrating massive dilation of sigmoid colon and normal caliber of proximal bowel. (medscape.com)
- We report our experience in the diagnosis and the management of the case with urethral metastasis from a sigmoid colon cancer. (springer.com)
- A 68-year-old man, who underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon carcinoma four years ago, presented gross hematuria with pain. (springer.com)
- Histological examination of the tumor obtained by transurethral resection showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was diagnosed as a metastasis of a sigmoid colon carcinoma pathologically by morphological examination. (springer.com)
- These features were consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon cancer. (springer.com)
- We report a case of urethral metastasis from a sigmoid colon carcinoma with remaining free of tumor for 34 months, mainly from immunohistopathological point of view to add to some knowledge about its management and mechanism for metastasis. (springer.com)
- Four years ago, he had undergone laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon carcinoma (stage B of Dukes' classification). (springer.com)
- Biopsy of the tumor revealed adenocarcinoma, which suggested primary urethral tumor or metastasis of the sigmoid colon cancer. (springer.com)
- Also, in Western countries, diverticulosis is usually found in the sigmoid colon, states MedicineNet.com. (reference.com)
- here it bends abruptly forward and to the left, forming the right colic flexure (hepatic) where it becomes the transverse colon. (wikipedia.org)
- the segment of the colon that extends up the cecum in the lower right side of the colic fissure to the abdomen to the transverse colon at the hepatic flexure on the right side. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The first segment of the colon, which begins in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen at the caecum and ends at the hepatic (right colic) flexure in the right upper quadrant of abdomen, after which point it becomes the transverse colon. (thefreedictionary.com)
- It is the part of the colon from the cecum to the hepatic flexure (the turn of the colon by the liver). (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- It continues upward to a bend in the colon called the hepatic flexure. (cancer.ca)
- The transverse colon follows the ascending colon and hepatic flexure. (cancer.ca)
- What Are the Treatments for Malignant Colon Polyps? (livestrong.com)
- What are the most common polyps found in the colon? (brainscape.com)
- Pendunculated polyps hang off ___ attached to the walls of the colon. (brainscape.com)
- Long standing inflammation in the colon, usually due to either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can heal by forming inflammatory polyps. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- It is not extensive in the horse, in which it has an unusually long mesentery and is known as the small colon. (thefreedictionary.com)
- On the posterior side, the transverse colon is connected to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery known as the transverse mesocolon. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- A) Clockwise torsion of mesentery of cecum, ascending colon, and terminal ileum. (medscape.com)
- C) Mobile colon with reflection of peritoneum to create colonic mesentery. (medscape.com)
- It ends with a bend in the colon called the splenic flexure. (cancer.ca)
- The descending colon follows the transverse colon and splenic flexure. (cancer.ca)
- The ascending colon is wider than its descending counterpart, which allows for more growth of tumor before the tumor causes symptoms. (livestrong.com)
- He wanted to schedule surgery as soon as possible due to the fact that the tumor was partially blocking Carolyn's colon. (caringbridge.org)
- Colon (anatomy) This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Physiology: 6/6ch2/s6ch2_30 - Essentials of Human Physiology Anatomy figure: 37:06-08 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The large intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- These symptoms are explained by the anatomy of ascending colon. (livestrong.com)
- Internal anatomy of the ascending colon, cecum and the appendix. (smartdraw.com)
- If the growth arises from the large bowel or colon it is a colonic polyp. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- There is an ascending colon which begins at the cecum, passes forward to the cranial part of the abdominal cavity then crosses to the left side as the transverse colon. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The location of the parts of the colon are either in the abdominal cavity or behind it in the retroperitoneum. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- The colon is held in place by peritoneum, a thin layer of tissue that supports the abdominal organs. (healthline.com)
- Variable degrees of attachment of ascending colon to abdominal wall by reflection of overlying parietal peritoneum. (medscape.com)
- Lower left stomach pain in women from colon or bowel? (healthtap.com)
- It goes underneath the stomach and the pancreas and joins the descending colon near the spleen . (wikipedia.org)
- The transverse colon hangs off the stomach, attached to it by a wide band of tissue called the greater omentum. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- The temporary or permanent channeling of the remaining open end of colon through the stomach wall and skin, where an ostomy appliance will attach to capture waste. (oreilly.com)
- The colon is a U-shaped tube made of muscle, found below the stomach. (cancer.ca)
- Abdomenal organs include the liver, stomach , and parts of the ascending and descending colon . (madsci.org)
- A single 6-mm ulcer was found in the proximal ascending colon at the embedded site. (appliedradiology.com)
- The proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon is perfused by the middle colic artery, a branch of superior mesenteric artery, while the latter third is supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- GCT was measured at 1 cm near the proximal junction of right colon vein, right gastroepiploic vein and anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein. (bvsalud.org)
- The proximal colon is the ascending colon and the transverse colon together. (cancer.ca)
- B) Absence of dorsal mesenteric attachments of cecum and proximal ascending colon, leading to lack of fixation to retroperitoneum. (medscape.com)
- If you have a hyperplastic polyp in your left colon that measures less than 1cm, you will not need to attend a follow-up appointment. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- The middle image was taken months after the surgery to remove the abcess and approximately 9 inches of ascending colon. (thermogramcenter.com)
- They are typically found in the caecum and the ascending colon. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Symptoms on the left side of the colon are usually caused by growth outward into the lumen, obstructing the flow of feces. (livestrong.com)
- The colon takes water from the feces that goes through it. (wikipedia.org)
- Ulcerative colitis is a disease that can affect the ascending colon and is characterized by inflammation and sores, or ulcers, that line the inner wall of the large intestine, says the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health. (livestrong.com)
- The Mayo Clinic describes diverticulitis as an inflammation of one or more of a person's gut diverticula - small pouches of the inner lining of the colon that push through the colon's muscular outer wall. (livestrong.com)
- Inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon. (studystack.com)
- The image at left indicates heat along the ascending colon raising the index of suspicion for irritation/inflammation. (thermogramcenter.com)
- Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, often the ascending colon and the end of the small intestine. (livestrong.com)
- Ascending colon Mesenteric relation of intestines. (wikipedia.org)
- An 83-year-old man presented for further investigation of his iron deficiency anaemia and was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. (springeropen.com)
- Months later, she reported that her appendix had ruptured, formed an abcess, and poisoned much of her ascending colon. (thermogramcenter.com)
- It rises on the right side up to the rib cage, where it turns to cross under the liver as the transverse colon. (oreilly.com)
- First portion of the colon, extending from the lower border of the liver. (studystack.com)
- Note the location of the ascending colon beneath the liver. (madsci.org)
- Arterial supply to the colon comes from branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- Arterial supply of the ascending colon comes from the ileocolic artery and right colic artery, both branches of the SMA. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- arterial supply to the ascending colon is provided by the ielocolic and the ____ _____ artery. (sporcle.com)
- Arterial blood supply to colon. (medscape.com)
- Although diverticula can form at any point in the digestive tract, the most common location for diverticula is the colon. (livestrong.com)
- The colon, also referred to as the large intestine, is the last section of the digestive tract. (reference.com)
- Diverticulitis is another disease that can affect the ascending colon. (livestrong.com)
- an initially benign growth that forms in the colon from the innermost layer of mucin-producing epithelial cells. (oreilly.com)
- In ruminant grazing animals, the cecum empties into the spiral colon. (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- Such chronic irritation of the lining of the colon can cause ulcers to bleed or ooze pus. (livestrong.com)
- Characteristic findings include a palpable medial displacement of the spleen and the absence of the pelvic flexure of the colon from its usual site in front of the pelvis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The obstructed segment of the colon becomes markedly swollen and does not function as it should. (livestrong.com)
- Second segment of the colon (middle section of the large intestine). (ikonet.com)
- Food then travels upward in the ascending colon. (answers.com)
- Parasympathetic innervation to the ascending colon is supplied by the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- The ascending colon is supplied by parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve (CN X). (colonoscopyandendoscopybilling.com)
- Is dull pain in colon cancerous? (healthtap.com)