Collagen type i. Medical search

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics.

A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.

A non-fibrillar collagen found in the structure of BASEMENT MEMBRANE. Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer.

A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of alpha1(V), alpha2(V) and alpha3(V) subunits. Several forms of collagen type V exist depending upon the composition of the subunits that form the trimer.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

Collagen receptors are cell surface receptors that modulate signal transduction between cells and the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. Collagen receptors include discoidin domain receptors, INTEGRINS, and glycoprotein VI.

A non-fibrillar collagen that forms a network of MICROFIBRILS within the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The alpha subunits of collagen type VI assemble into antiparallel, overlapping dimers which then align to form tetramers.

A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

A fibrillar collagen found primarily in interstitial CARTILAGE. Collagen type XI is heterotrimer containing alpha1(XI), alpha2(XI) and alpha3(XI) subunits.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that interacts with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and modifies the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Decorin has also been shown to play additional roles in the regulation of cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS. The protein contains a single glycosaminoglycan chain and is similar in structure to BIGLYCAN.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A non-fibrillar collagen found in BASEMENT MEMBRANE. The C-terminal end of the alpha1 chain of collagen type XVIII contains the ENDOSTATIN peptide, which can be released by proteolytic cleavage.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA).

Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds.

COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.

A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It is a homotrimer of three identical alpha1(X) subunits.

A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A fibril-associated collagen found in many tissues bearing high tensile stress, such as TENDONS and LIGAMENTS. It is comprised of a trimer of three identical alpha1(XII) chains.

Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.

Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Chemicals with two conjoined aromatic rings incorporating two nitrogen atoms and one of the carbons oxidized with a keto oxygen.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Basic glycoprotein members of the SERPIN SUPERFAMILY that function as COLLAGEN-specific MOLECULAR CHAPERONES in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)

A small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in a variety of tissues including CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; SKELETAL MUSCLE; CARTILAGE; BONE; and TENDONS. The protein contains two glycosaminoglycan chains and is similar in structure to DECORIN.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An integrin found on fibroblasts, platelets, endothelial and epithelial cells, and lymphocytes where it functions as a receptor for COLLAGEN and LAMININ. Although originally referred to as the collagen receptor, it is one of several receptors for collagen. Ligand binding to integrin alpha2beta1 triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling, including activation of p38 MAP kinase.

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

An integrin alpha subunit that primarily combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the INTEGRIN ALPHA2BETA1 heterodimer. It contains a domain which has homology to collagen-binding domains found in von Willebrand factor.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A fibril-associated collagen usually found crosslinked to the surface of COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils. It is a heterotrimer containing alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX) and alpha3(IX) subunits.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.

The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a N-glycosylated protein, molecular weight 28 kD, produced by a vast range of cell types and found in a variety of tissues and body fluids. It has been shown to suppress metastasis and inhibit tumor invasion in vitro.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.

A secreted endopeptidase homologous with INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE, but which possesses an additional fibronectin-like domain.

Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells.

Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

A non-fibrillar collagen originally found in DESCEMET MEMBRANE. It is expressed in endothelial cell layers and in tissues undergoing active remodeling. It is heterotrimer comprised of alpha1(VIII) and alpha2(VIII) chains.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

A non-fibrillar collagen involved in anchoring the epidermal BASEMENT MEMBRANE to underlying tissue. It is a homotrimer comprised of C-terminal and N-terminal globular domains connected by a central triple-helical region.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.

Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.

The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.

A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the EPIDERMIS. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are SWEAT GLANDS; HAIR FOLLICLES; and SEBACEOUS GLANDS.

A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A group of cells that includes FIBROBLASTS, cartilage cells, ADIPOCYTES, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.

A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.

The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

Any of the 23 plates of fibrocartilage found between the bodies of adjacent VERTEBRAE.

Non-collagenous, calcium-binding glycoprotein of developing bone. It links collagen to mineral in the bone matrix. In the synonym SPARC glycoprotein, the acronym stands for Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the degradation of gelatin by acting on the peptide bonds. EC 3.4.24.-.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)

A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.

Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.

Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.

A type of CARTILAGE whose matrix contains large bundles of COLLAGEN TYPE I. Fibrocartilage is typically found in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; PUBIC SYMPHYSIS; TIBIAL MENISCI; and articular disks in synovial JOINTS. (From Ross et. al., Histology, 3rd ed., p132,136)

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

A family of non-fibrillar collagens that interact with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS. They contain short triple helical domains interrupted by short non-helical domains and do not form into collagen fibrils.

A salt-soluble precursor of elastin. Lysyl oxidase is instrumental in converting it to elastin in connective tissue.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A layer of the cornea. It is the basal lamina of the CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM (from which it is secreted) separating it from the CORNEAL STROMA. It is a homogeneous structure composed of fine collagenous filaments, and slowly increases in thickness with age.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification.

Spindle-shaped cells with characteristic CONTRACTILE PROTEINS and structures that contribute to the WOUND HEALING process. They occur in GRANULATION TISSUE and also in pathological processes such as FIBROSIS.

Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Specific cell surface receptors which bind to FIBRONECTINS. Studies have shown that these receptors function in certain types of adhesive contact as well as playing a major role in matrix assembly. These receptors include the traditional fibronectin receptor, also called INTEGRIN ALPHA5BETA1 and several other integrins.

A negatively-charged extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in the regulation of BONE metabolism and a variety of other biological functions. Cell signaling by osteopontin may occur through a cell adhesion sequence that recognizes INTEGRIN ALPHA-V BETA-3.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.

A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of peptidyllysine, usually in protocollagen, to peptidylhydroxylysine. The enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen with concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of the cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate to succinate. EC 1.14.11.4.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Nucleic acids which hybridize to complementary sequences in other target nucleic acids causing the function of the latter to be affected.

A family of secreted protease inhibitory proteins that regulates the activity of SECRETED MATRIX METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES. They play an important role in modulating the proteolysis of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, most notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes.

An endopeptidase that is structurally similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 2. It degrades GELATIN types I and V; COLLAGEN TYPE IV; and COLLAGEN TYPE V.

Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.

A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21-kDa nonglycosylated protein found in tissue fluid and is secreted as a complex with progelatinase A by human fibroblast and uncomplexed from alveolar macrophages. An overexpression of TIMP-2 has been shown to inhibit invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo.

Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.

A family of structurally-related short-chain collagens that do not form large fibril bundles.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications.

A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that plays a physiological role in the degradation of extracellular matrix found in skeletal tissues. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor that is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminal propeptide.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

An extracellular endopeptidase of vertebrate tissues similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 1. It digests PROTEOGLYCAN; FIBRONECTIN; COLLAGEN types III, IV, V, and IX, and activates procollagenase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

A non-fibrillar collagen found as a ubiquitously expressed membrane- associated protein. Type XIII collagen contains both collagenous and non-collagenous domains along with a transmembrane domain within its N-terminal region.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.

The quality of surface form or outline of CELLS.

A TGF-beta subtype that was originally identified as a GLIOBLASTOMA-derived factor which inhibits the antigen-dependent growth of both helper and CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta2 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor.

A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of a prolyl-glycyl containing peptide, usually in PROTOCOLLAGEN, to a hydroxyprolylglycyl-containing-peptide. The enzyme utilizes molecular OXYGEN with a concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to SUCCINATE. The enzyme occurs as a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. The beta subunit of procollagen-proline dioxygenase is identical to the enzyme PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASES.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.

Interferon-alpha does not improve outcome at one year in patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (1/3016)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) reduces the severity of skin involvement in early (<3 years) diffuse scleroderma. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 35 patients with early scleroderma received subcutaneous injections of either IFNalpha (13.5 x 10(6) units per week in divided doses) or indistinguishable placebo. Outcomes assessed were the modified Rodnan skin score, as determined by a single observer at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, as well as data on renal, cardiac, and lung function. Pre- and posttreatment skin biopsy samples were analyzed and blood was obtained for assessment of procollagen peptide levels. RESULTS: There were 11 withdrawals from the IFNalpha group and 3 from the placebo group due to either toxicity, lack of efficacy, or death. In the intent-to-treat analysis, there was a greater improvement in the skin score in the placebo group between 0 and 12 months (mean change IFNalpha -4.7 versus placebo -7.5; P = 0.36). There was also a greater deterioration in lung function in patients receiving active therapy, as assessed by either the forced vital capacity (mean change IFNalpha -8.2 versus placebo +1.3; P = 0.01) or the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (mean change IFNalpha -9.3 versus placebo +4.7; P = 0.002). Skin biopsy showed no significant decrease in collagen synthesis in the IFNalpha group, and no significant differences in the levels of procollagen peptides were seen between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IFNalpha is of no value in the treatment of scleroderma, and that it may in fact be deleterious. (+info)

Elevated carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen in alcoholic cirrhosis: relation to liver and kidney function and bone metabolism. (2/3016)

BACKGROUND: The carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) has been put forward as a marker of bone resorption. Patients with alcoholic liver disease may have osteodystrophy. AIMS: To assess circulating and regional concentrations of ICTP in relation to liver dysfunction, bone metabolism, and fibrosis. METHODS: In 15 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 20 controls, hepatic venous, renal venous, and femoral arterial concentrations of ICTP, and bone mass and metabolism were measured. RESULTS: Circulating ICTP was higher in patients with cirrhosis than in controls. No overall significant hepatic disposal or production was found in the patient or control groups but slightly increased production was found in a subset of patients with advanced disease. Significant renal extraction was observed in the controls, whereas only a borderline significant extraction was observed in the patients. Measurements of bone mass and metabolism indicated only a mild degree of osteodystrophy in the patients with cirrhosis. ICTP correlated significantly in the cirrhotic patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction and fibrosis, but not with measurements of bone mass or metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: ICTP is highly elevated in patients with cirrhosis, with no detectable hepatic net production or disposal. No relation between ICTP and markers of bone metabolism was identified, but there was a relation to indicators of liver dysfunction and fibrosis. As the cirrhotic patients conceivably only had mild osteopenia, the elevated ICTP in cirrhosis may therefore primarily reflect liver failure and hepatic fibrosis. (+info)

Biochemical markers of bone turnover in breast cancer patients with bone metastases: a preliminary report. (3/3016)

BACKGROUND: Some biochemical markers of bone turnover are expected to reflect the disease activity of metastatic bone tumor. In the present study six biochemical markers were evaluated to determine appropriate markers for the detection of metastatic bone tumors from breast cancer (BC). METHODS: A panel of bone turnover markers was assessed in 11 normocalcemic patients with bone metastases from BC and in 19 BC patients without clinical evidence of bone metastases. Bone formation was investigated by measuring serum bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC) and carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP): Bone resorption was investigated by measuring serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), fasting urinary pyridinoline (Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr). RESULTS: PICP was influenced by age and menopausal status. Significant correlations were observed between each of bone turnover markers except between BALP and OC. The mean levels of the six bone turnover markers were higher in patients with bone metastases than in those without them and significance was observed except for OC. The best diagnostic efficiency by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was provided by ICTP followed by Pyr or D-Pyr, BALP, PICP and OC and significance was observed between ICTP and OC. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted by age revealed that the only significant marker related to bone metastases was ICTP. CONCLUSIONS: Serum ICTP appears to be the leading marker of bone metastases from BC. However, to reveal the clinical usefulness of these markers, further examination will be needed to account for the ease and cost-effectiveness of the measurements. (+info)

Elevation of alpha2(I) collagen, a suppressor of Ras transformation, is required for stable phenotypic reversion by farnesyltransferase inhibitors. (4/3016)

Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) are a novel class of anticancer drugs that can reverse Ras transformation. One of the intriguing aspects of FTI biology is that continuous drug exposure is not necessary to maintain phenotypic reversion. For example, after a single exposure to FTIs, Ha-Ras-transformed fibroblasts revert to a flat and anchorage-dependent phenotype that persists for many days after processed Ras has returned to pretreatment levels. In this study, we show that persistence of the reverted state is mediated by elevated expression of the collagen isoform alpha2(I), a suppressor of Ras transformation the transcription of which is repressed by activated Ras and derepressed by FTI treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report identifying an FTI-regulated gene which is linked to phenotypic reversion. The finding that extracellular matrix alterations can influence the kinetics of reversion supports our assertion that Rho-regulated cell adhesion parameters are a crucial determinant of the cellular response to FTIs. (+info)

Relationship between urinary pyridinium cross-links, disease activity and disease subsets of ankylosing spondylitis. (5/3016)

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to determine the urinary levels of pyridinium cross-links and urinary beta-isomerized fragments derived from the C-telopeptide of the alpha1 chain of type I collagen (beta-CTX) as markers of bone resorption in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to study their relationship to markers of disease activity [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)] and to disease subsets of this condition. METHODS: The serum calcium, osteocalcin (OC), parathormone (PTH), 25 OHD3 levels, beta-CTX and the urinary combined free pyridinolines (f-Pyr + f-Dpyr), urinary free deoxypyridinoline (f-Dpyr) and urinary free pyridinoline (f-Pyr) were evaluated and compared in 32 AS patients and 25 controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. RESULTS: The serum markers of bone metabolism (serum calcium, PTH, 25 OHD3 and OC) were in the normal range in the AS group. AS patients had a lowered lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.01) (corresponding T score: P = 0.03), but femoral neck BMD did not differ significantly between AS and controls (P = 0.08) (corresponding T score: P = 0.11). There was no difference in the urinary levels of pyridinium cross-links and beta-CTX between AS patients and controls. A positive correlation between ESR, (f-Pyr + f-Dpyr) (r = 0.42; P = 0.018) and f-Dpyr (r = 0.49; P = 0.005) was observed. In the different disease subsets of AS, we found that patients with peripheral involvement had higher (f-Pyr + f-Dpyr) (P = 0.04) and f-Dpyr levels (P = 0.04), patients with early disease had elevated (f-Pyr + f-Dpyr) (P = 0.01), f-Dpyr (P = 0.02) and f-Pyr (P = 0.01) levels, and that those with raised ESR had enhanced f-Dpyr (P = 0.009) excretion. Patients were then stratified according to disease duration, peripheral involvement and sex, and this allowed us to observe that only urinary f-Dpyr remained elevated in patients independently from these variables and that raised ESR is the more relevant parameter for explaining this high level of excretion. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there was no difference in the levels of urinary pyridinium cross-links and beta-CTX between AS and controls. However, urinary excretion of some of these collagen compounds was enhanced in subgroups of AS, mainly in patients with raised ESR. Thus, AS patients with laboratory evidence of active disease could have a higher risk of bone loss. (+info)

Circulating biochemical markers of bone remodeling in uremic patients. (6/3016)

Chronic renal failure is often associated with bone disorders, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, aluminum-related low-turnover bone disease, osteomalacia, adynamic osteopathy, osteoporosis, and skeletal beta2-microglobulin amyloid deposits. In spite of the enormous progress made during the last few years in the search of noninvasive methods to assess bone metabolism, the distinction between high- and low-turnover bone diseases in these patients still frequently requires invasive and/or costly procedures such as bone biopsy after double tetracycline labeling, scintigraphic-scan studies, computed tomography, and densitometry. This review is focused on the diagnostic value of several new serum markers of bone metabolism, including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP), procollagen type I carboxy-terminal extension peptide (PICP), procollagen type I cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP), pyridinoline (PYD), osteocalcin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in patients with chronic renal failure. Most of the observations made by several groups converge to the conclusion that serum bAP is the most sensitive and specific marker to evaluate the degree of bone remodeling in uremic patients. Nonetheless, PYD and osteocalcin, in spite of their retention and accumulation in the serum of renal insufficient patients, are also excellent markers of bone turnover. The future generalized use of these markers, individually or in combination with other methods, will undoubtedly improve the diagnosis and the treatment of the complex renal osteodystrophy. (+info)

Effects of 42 months of GH treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover in GH-deficient adults. (7/3016)

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of GH treatment for up to 42 months on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover. DESIGN AND METHODS: BMD with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, serum type I procollagen carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP), serum type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) and serum IGF-I were assessed in 71 adults with GH deficiency. There were 44 men and 27 women, aged 20 to 59 (median 43) years. Thirty-two patients completed 36 months and 20 patients 42 months of treatment. RESULTS: The BMD increased for up to 30-36 months and plateaued thereafter. In the whole study group, the maximum increase of BMD was 5.0% in the lumbar spine (P<0. 001), 5.9% (P<0.01) in the femoral neck, 4.9% (NS, P>0.05) in the Ward's triangle and 8.2% (P<0.001) in the trochanter area. The serum concentrations of PICP (202.6+/-11.5 vs 116.3+/-5.4 microg/l; mean+/-s.e.m.) and ICTP (10.5+/-0.6 vs 4.4+/-0.3 microg/l) doubled (P<0.001) during the first 6 months of GH treatment but returned to baseline by the end of the study (130.0+/-10.4 and 5.6+/-0.7 microg/l respectively), despite constantly elevated serum IGF-I levels (39. 6+/-4.1 nmol/l at 42 months vs 11.9+/-0.9 nmol/l at baseline; P<0.001). The responses to GH treatment of serum IGF-I, PICP, ICTP (P<0.001 for all; ANOVA) and of the BMD in the lumbar spine (P<0.05), in the femoral neck and the trochanter (P<0.001 for both) were more marked in men than in women. At the end of the study the BMD had increased at the four measurement sites by 5.7-10.6% (P<0.01-0.001) in patients with at least osteopenia at baseline and by 0.1-5.3% (NS P<0.05) in those with normal bone status (P<0.001 for differences between groups; ANOVA). Among patients who completed 36-42 months of treatment, the number of those with at least osteopenia was reduced to more than a half. The response of BMD to GH treatment was more marked in young than in old patients at three measurement sites (P<0. 05-<0.001; ANOVA). In the multiple regression analysis the gender and the pretreatment bone mass appeared to be independent predictors of three measurement sites, whereas the age independently determined only the vertebral BMD. CONCLUSIONS: GH treatment in GH-deficient adults increased BMD for up to 30-36 months, with a plateau thereafter. Concurrently with the plateau in BMD the bone turnover rate normalized. From the skeletal point of view GH-deficient patients exhibiting osteopenia or osteoporosis should be considered as candidates for GH supplementation of at least 3-4 years. (+info)

Assessment of bone response to systemic therapy in an EORTC trial: preliminary experience with the use of collagen cross-link excretion. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. (8/3016)

This study was designed to evaluate new bone resorption and tumour markers as possible alternatives to serial plain radiographs for the assessment of response to treatment. Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed bone metastases from breast cancer, randomized to receive oral pamidronate or placebo tablets in addition to anticancer treatment within the context of a multicentre EORTC trial, who were both assessable for radiographic response in bone and had serum and urine samples collected for more than 1 month were studied. The markers of bone metabolism measured included urinary calcium (uCa), hydroxyproline (hyp), the N-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen (NTx) and total alkaline phosphatase. The tumour markers measured were CA15-3 and cancer-associated serum antigen (CASA). Before treatment, levels of Ntx, uCa and Hyp were elevated in 41%, 24% and 28% respectively, and CA15-3 and CASA increased in 69% and 50%. For assessment of response and identification of progression, Ntx was the most useful bone marker. All markers behaved similarly in no change (NC) and partial response (PR) patients. There was a significant difference (P < or = 0.05) in Ntx levels (compared to baseline) at 1 and 4 months and in CA15-3/CASA at 4 months between patients with PR or NC and those with progressive disease (PD), and at 4 months between those with time to progression (TP) > 7 and those with TP < or = 7 months. The diagnostic efficiency (DE) for prediction of PD following a > 50% increase in Ntx or CA15-3 was 78% and 62% respectively. An algorithm to predict response to therapy has been developed for future prospective evaluation. (+info)

COL17A1 is collagen. Specifically type XVII, alpha 1. This may play a role in overall protein structure. PRDM16 binds to DNA ... This type of conclusion will require further information. Not enough consensus exists as to where in the body SMIM23 is ... The closest relatives to humans with the SMIM23 gene were in primates so two types of monkeys were picked which diverged around ... The same kind of investigation of protein localization in other types of species returned conflicting results. Many programs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMIM23

... that is caused by a mutation in one of the three genes coding for type VI collagen. These include COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3. ... Collagen Type VI-Related Disorders. GeneReviews®. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301676. Retrieved ... Okada M et al (2007) Primary collagen VI deficiency is the second most common congenital muscular dystrophy in Japan. Neurolog ... Lampe AK, Bushby KM (September 2005). "Collagen VI related muscle disorders". J. Med. Genet. 42 (9): 673-85. doi:10.1136/jmg. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlem_myopathy

Alpha 1 subunit of type VI collagen is the encoded protein. In terms of the diagnosis of Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy ... It is associated with variants of type VI collagen, it is commonly associated with muscle weakness and respiratory problems, ... Bushby KM, Collins J, Hicks D (2014) Collagen type VI myopathies. Adv Exp Med Biol 802:185-199 "Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ... via ScienceDirect (Subscription may be required or content may be available in libraries.) "COL6A1 collagen type VI alpha 1 [ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullrich_congenital_muscular_dystrophy

This type of drag is also directly proportional to the laminar flow. When the laminar flow increases around the fish the ... Collagen fibrils begin to organize themselves in the dermal layer, which leads to the initiation of mineralization. The ... This same type of experiment was performed by another research group which implemented more variation in their biomimetic ... The patches of the matrix of the scale that are not ossified are composed of compacted collagen that allow it to maintain the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_scale

2007, (Type species of the genus).;: Greek noun amulon, starch; New Latin adjective lyticus -a -um (from Greek adjective ... 2007, ; New Latin noun collagenum, collagen; Latin adjective marinus -a -um, of the sea, marine; New Latin feminine gender ... the source of the type strain), Kenya.) Bacterial taxonomy Microbiology Classification of Genera AC entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalimonas

The COL11A2 gene is responsible for providing instructions on making one component of the type XI collagen. Type XI collagen is ... which codes for the α2 strand of collagen type XI. It is a collagenopathy, types II and XI disorder. The condition was first ... The mutation of COL11A2 in Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome disrupts the assembly of the type XI collagen molecules. The ... Collagen is found in bone. It is also found in cartilage that makes up most of the skeleton during early development. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weissenbacher–Zweymüller_syndrome

More specifically, MMP-2 (along with MMP-9) is capable of degrading type IV collagen, the most abundant component of the ... For instance, MMP-2 degradation of collagen type I can reveal a previously inaccessible cryptic binding site that binds with ... This gene encodes an enzyme which degrades type IV collagen, the major structural component of basement membranes. The enzyme ... 72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP2

Abnormally shaped ends of one or more bones at a joint A defect of Type 1 collagen (as found in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) or ... known also by EDS type III or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (EDS-HT)). Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetic disorder ... For example: Typing can reduce pain from writing. Voice control software or a more ergonomic keyboard can reduce pain from ... Ehlers-Danlos hypermobility type can have severe musculoskeletal effects, including: Jaw laxity that may make an individual's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermobility_(joints)

Collagen, type XXIV, alpha 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL24A1 gene. Model organisms have been used in the ... "Entrez Gene: Collagen, type XXIV, alpha 1". Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COL24A1

There are multiple types of collagen: Type I (comprising skin, tendons and ligaments, vasculature and organs, as well as teeth ... Several types of protein based, nanosized fibers are being used in nanocomposites. These include collagen, cellulose, chitin ... "Type III collagen (COL3A1): Gene and protein structure, tissue distribution, and associated diseases." Gene vol. 707 (2019): ... Collagen has a hierarchical structure, forming triple helices, fibrils, and fibers. Collagen are a family of protein that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_fiber

Among the many types of collagens, only the fibrillar and the basement membrane (type IV) collagens have been found in the ... Type II and type XI collagens compose the fibrils present in cartilage. These can be distinguished from collagens located in ... Different types of collagen have been found in all multicellular organisms, including sponges. It has been found that sponges ... It has also been found that 29 types of collagen have been found to exist in humans. This vast group can further be divided ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian_body_plans

Bornstein P, Kyriakides TR, Yang Z, Armstrong LC, Birk DE (Dec 2000). "Thrombospondin 2 modulates collagen fibrillogenesis and ... "Entrez Gene: THBS2 thrombospondin 2". Bein K, Simons M (Oct 2000). "Thrombospondin type 1 repeats interact with matrix ... Bein K, Simons M (Oct 2000). "Thrombospondin type 1 repeats interact with matrix metalloproteinase 2. Regulation of ... "Mice that lack thrombospondin 2 display connective tissue abnormalities that are associated with disordered collagen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombospondin-2

The menisci contain 70% type I collagen. The larger semilunar medial meniscus is attached more firmly than the loosely fixed, ... reported that the collagen fibers of the menisci are oriented in a circumferential pattern. When a compressive force is applied ... This type of rehabilitation focuses on maintenance of full range of motion and functional progression without aggravating ... Degenerative meniscal tears are thought to occur as part of the aging process when the collagen fibers within the meniscus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meniscus_tear

Type VIII, X) Basement membrane (Type IV) Other (Type VI, VII, XIII) Elastins, in contrast to collagens, give elasticity to ... Each type of connective tissue in animals has a type of ECM: collagen fibers and bone mineral comprise the ECM of bone tissue; ... The collagen can be divided into several families according to the types of structure they form: Fibrillar (Type I, II, III, V ... Laminins bind other ECM components such as collagens and nidogens. There are many cell types that contribute to the development ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_matrix

These mice have greater susceptibility to an asthma-like phenotype than wild-type animals. They are resistant to collagen- ... Two years is a common life expectancy in wild-type house mice. FVB mice show above average activity and anxiety. Because of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FVB_mouse

It has been reported that biglycan interacts more strongly with collagen type II than collagen type I. Biglycan has been ... Pogány G, Hernandez DJ, Vogel KG (August 1994). "The in vitro interaction of proteoglycans with type I collagen is modulated by ... "Binding of the proteoglycan decorin to collagen type VI". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (8): 5250-6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)42759-7. ... "Interaction of biglycan with type I collagen". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (6): 2776-83. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.6.2776. PMID 7852349. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biglycan

Collencytes are another type of collagen-producing cell. Rhabdiferous cells secrete polysaccharides that also form part of the ... Although about 90% of modern sponges are demosponges, fossilized remains of this type are less common than those of other types ... a modified type of collagen protein). All adult sponges are sessile aquatic animals, meaning that they attach to an underwater ... "type IV" collagen. The analyses described above concluded that sponges are closest to the ancestors of all Metazoa, of all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge

The other main type of liver cells are non-parenchymal. Non-parenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells ... It is also known to contain collagen proteins. Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ... In many types of tumour, clusters of parenchymal cells are separated by a basal lamina that can sometimes be incomplete. ... The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenchyma

People with an inherited deficiency in their collagen type may be more likely to develop pelvic floor dysfunction. Additionally ... Imaging provides a more complete picture of the type and severity of pelvic floor dysfunction than history and physical exam ... Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training is vital for treating different types of pelvic floor dysfunction. Two common problems are ... Some circumstances are clearly associated with collagen defects. These include vaginally delivering a child, being post- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvic_floor_dysfunction

... and Type IV Collagen". New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (25): 2543-2556. doi:10.1056/NEJMra022296. PMID 12815141. Liu, ... Glomeruli and their basement membrane in the normal human kidney and in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. ... "Isolation and characterization of type IV procollagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan from the EHS sarcoma". ... "Identification of Mutations in the COL4A5 Collagen Gene in Alport Syndrome". Science. 248 (4960): 1224-1227. Bibcode:1990Sci... ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Tryggvason

The camera-type eye of vertebrates and cephalopods must be completely opaque. Finally, some structures are visible for a reason ... The lens is made of the protein crystallin; the cornea is made of the protein collagen. Other structures cannot be made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_camouflage

Such as type 4 collagen Shaw, Andrey S.; Filbert, Erin L. (January 2009). "Scaffold proteins and immune-cell signalling". ... "Human Homologue of the Drosophila Discs Large Tumor Suppressor Binds to p56 lck Tyrosine Kinase and Shaker Type Kv1.3 Potassium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold_protein

In type I the collagen's structure itself is normal, it is just its quantity that is low.: 1516 Types II, III and IV are ... type III). As in type I, some further split type IV into types IV-A and IV-B, defined again by the absence (IV-A) or presence ( ... type I, the least severe; type IV, moderately severe; type III, severe and progressively deforming; and type II, perinatally ... Thus far, OI type XIX is the only known type of OI with an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance, making it the only type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteogenesis_imperfecta

This condition is caused by a mutation of COL7A1, the gene that codes for a type of collagen 7. Epidermis (skin) Dermis Lamina ... Anchoring fibrils (composed largely of type VII collagen) extend from the basal lamina of epithelial cells and attach to the ... Keene, Douglas R.; Sakai, Lynn Y.; Lunstrum, Gregory P.; Morris, Nicholas P.; Burgeson, Robert E. (1987). "Type VII collagen ... Burgeson, Robert E. (1993). "Type VII Collagen, Anchoring Fibrils, and Epidermolysis Bullosa". Journal of Investigative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchoring_fibrils

Fibroblasts start replacing the lost cardiomyocytes with collagen type 1 and leads to the granulation of tissue. After several ... Collagen is not as strong or compliant as the myocardium that it replaced, this instability could lead to a ventricular ... There are different types of heart failure; left- or right-sided (or bilateral) heart failure may occur depending on the ... affected part of the heart, and it is a low-output type of failure. If one of the heart valves is affected, this may cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarction_complications

... contains type I collagen and type XII collagen. Michael H. Ross. Histology: A Text and Atlas, with Correlated ... Perichondrium is a type of irregular collagenous ordinary connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of ... Biosynthesis and Gene Regulation of Collagens in Cartilage and Bone", Dynamics of Bone and Cartilage Metabolism (Second Edition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perichondrium

The collagen, mostly collagen type II, constrains the proteoglycans. The ECM responds to tensile and compressive forces that ... These regions are an acellular fibrous region with a high collagen content, called cartilage-like matrix, and collagen lacking ... aggrecan and collagen type II) that form the extracellular matrix. In all vertebrates, cartilage is the main skeletal tissue in ... Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue. In tetrapods, it covers and protects the ends of long bones at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage

Types of polymers used include collagen, gelatin, and albumin. Relatively new research involves the encapsulation of digestive ... The type of polymers used is of biodegradable polyester, as nanocapsules are often used in biological systems. Poly-e- ... Nanocapsule types vary by size, drug concentration, and active substance release time.[citation needed] Nanocapsules tend to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocapsule

Fibroblasts are the predominant cell type, scattered sparsely across the tissue. This type of connective tissue is found mostly ... Dense irregular connective tissue consists of mostly collagen fibers. It has less ground substance than loose connective tissue ... Dense irregular connective tissue also makes up submucosa of the digestive tract, lymph nodes, and some types of fascia. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_irregular_connective_tissue

Following injury, tendon lays down type III collagen, or scar tissue, which is stronger than type I collagen but stiffer and ... and to contain primarily type II collagen, the collagen that composes hyaline cartilage, with improved collagen orientation ... It has been shown to reduce the presence of Type III collagen, which relatively inelastic and therefore more prone to re-injury ... Tendon is primarily composed of elastic type I collagen. However, mature tendon contains cells that have a limited ability to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_equine_lameness

IL-6 signals through a cell-surface type I cytokine receptor complex consisting of the ligand-binding IL-6Rα chain (CD126), and ... negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process. *positive regulation of MAPK cascade. *hepatic immune response ... At 4 degrees C, both the oxygen consumption and core temperature were lower in IL-6-/- compared with wild-type mice, suggesting ... There is considerable functional overlap and interaction between Substance P (SP), the natural ligand for the neurokinin type 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6

Di matriks de davên kollagen pirranî cor 2 (''collagen Type II'') û proteoglykan û hyalîn (''Hyaline''). ...

https://ku.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taybet:MobileDiff/475943

... and estrus-type changes (including vaginal, uterine, and mammary gland changes and sexual receptivity) in sexually immature, ... These skin changes constitute an acceleration in skin aging and are the result of decreased collagen content, irregularities in ... a chemical term and suffix indicating that the compound is a type of alcohol bearing two hydroxyl groups. ... These benefits include increased skin collagen content, skin thickness and elasticity, and skin hydration and surface lipids.[ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol

Cancer Types, 2017; Set 28, pàgs: 25 [Consulta: 10 octubre 2017]. *↑ NIH «Tratamiento del feocromocitoma y paraganglioma (PDQ ... Junqueira, LC; Montes, GS; Krisztán, RM «The collagen of the vertebrate peripheral nervous System» (en anglès). Cell Tissue Res ... Demir T, Erdem M, Biçakci Ş «A Very Rare Type of Neuralgia: Nervus Intermedius Neuralgia» (en anglès). Noro Psikiyatr Ars, 2017 ... Choi, BO; Kim, SB; Kanwal, S; Hyun, YS; et al «MPZ mutation in an early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B family by ...

https://ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innervació

The feral nature of the animals means they produce a different type of meat to farmed camels in other parts of the world,[137] ... "Collagen sequence analysis of fossil camels, Camelops and c.f. Paracamelus, from the Arctic and sub-Arctic of Plio-Pleistocene ... As has already been mentioned, this type of utilization [camels pulling wagons] goes back to the earliest known period of two- ... Martini, P.; Geraads, D. (2019). "Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_meat

Long-lived cells (such as nerves and different types of brain cell), long-lasting proteins (such as crystallins of the lens and ... Damage by glycation results in stiffening of the collagen in the blood vessel walls, leading to high blood pressure, especially ... and collagen are damaged) and Alzheimer's disease (amyloid proteins are side-products of the reactions progressing to AGEs).[9] ... in diabetes.[11] Glycations also cause weakening of the collagen in the blood vessel walls,[12] which may lead to micro- or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycation

The test consists of a number of Ishihara plates, which are a type of pseudoisochromatic plate. Each plate depicts a solid ... Diagnostic plates: intended to determine the type of color vision defect (protanopia or deuteranopia) and the severity of it. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishihara_Test

Gelatin, a protein produced from collagen extracted from boiled bones, connective tissues, and other animal products, has been ... Type. Gelatin desserts, puddings. Created by. Pearle Bixby Wait. Main ingredients. Powdered gelatin, sugar or artificial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jell-O

Types of intramolecular bonds include: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. These bonds will dictate the physical ... They originally nucleate at the gaps between collagen fibrils.[11] Similarly, the hierarchy of abalone shell begins at the ... "crystal defect , Definition, Types, & Facts , Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-05-06.. ... These imperfections can form through deformation of the solid, rapid cooling, or high energy radiation.[55] Types of defects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial

Other types include gout, lupus, fibromyalgia, and septic arthritis.[6][11] They are all types of rheumatic disease.[2] ... Lupus is a common collagen vascular disorder that can be present with severe arthritis. Other features of lupus include a skin ... Comparison of typesEdit. Comparison of some major forms of arthritis[76]. Osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis. Gouty arthritis ... Types. , 100, most common (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis)[4][5][6]. Risk factors. Family history, age, sex trait, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthritis

By including zinc in the diet it will not only aid in the development of collagen and wound healing, but it will also prevent ... Food allergy can be associated with identical signs and some authorities consider food allergy to be a type of atopic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_skin_disorders

Another type of high-power gas lasers are excimer lasers. They are widely used lasers emitting in ultraviolet and vacuum ... All bands of UV radiation damage collagen fibers and accelerate aging of the skin. Both UV‑A and UV‑B destroy vitamin A in skin ... Currently, the most common types of UV LEDs are in 395 nm and 365 nm wavelengths, both of which are in the UV‑A spectrum. The ... In some types of nondestructive testing UV stimulates fluorescent dyes to highlight defects in a broad range of materials. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_radiation

Likewise, the loop of Henle requires a number of different cell types because each cell type has distinct transport properties ... The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed primarily of collagen, and various collagen-based scaffolding has been tested in SoC ... Collagen tends to detach from the microfluidic backbone during culturing due to the contraction of fibroblasts. One study ... Zhang C, Zhao Z, Abdul Rahim NA, van Noort D, Yu H (November 2009). "Towards a human-on-chip: culturing multiple cell types on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ-on-a-chip

Sequencing of collagen from fossils of one recently extinct species each of notoungulates and litopterns has indicated that ... They also produced a number of familiar-looking body types that represent examples of parallel or convergent evolution: one- ... and a number of types of rodents.[n 9] The larger members of the reverse migration, besides ground sloths and terror birds, ... and before the arrival of most types of carnivorans, predatory opossums such as Thylophorops temporarily attained larger size ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Interchange

... s are also used in the food industry as a source of collagen. They can be made into a strong, water-resistant glue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swim_bladder

COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1. *CTNS: cystinosin, the lysosomal cystine transporter ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomang_17_

When this type of cartilage starts to wear out (a process called arthritis), the joint becomes painful and stiff.[21] ... Tendons are predominantly composed of dense collagen fiber bundles. Because of their extreme short T2-relaxation time they ... which helps to detect water-deposits with better damage diagnosis in structurally changed collagen fiber bundles.[46] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoulder

... a type of collagen), a network of collagen type II fibres with the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid, and also a wide array of ... Indeed, any eye type can be adapted for almost any behaviour or environment. The only limitations specific to eye types are ... There are two types of opsin involved in vision; c-opsins, which are associated with ciliary-type photoreceptor cells, and r- ... Some insects have a so-called single lens compound eye, a transitional type which is something between a superposition type of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye

Several types of catenins work with N-cadherins to play an important role in learning and memory. Cell-cell adhesion complexes ... Spivey KA, Chung I, Banyard J, Adini I, Feldman HA, Zetter BR (October 2011). "A role for collagen XXIII in cancer cell ... For instance, higher levels of collagen XXIII have been associated with higher levels of catenins in cells. These heightened ... levels of collagen helped facilitate adhesions and anchorage-independent cell growth and provided evidence of collagen XXIII's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

Due to its many twists and turns, it is a common place for a type of horse colic called an impaction. The small colon is 3.0 to ... Once a tendon is damaged the tendon will always be weaker, because the collagen fibres tend to line up in random arrangements ... As tendons develop they lay down collagen, which is the main structural protein of connective tissue. As tendons pass near bony ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_anatomy

Fluoride-containing toothpaste can be classified into two types, namely low-fluoride and high-fluoride toothpaste. Low-fluoride ... SDF, in addition to performing the functions of conventional topical fluorides, is suggested to have collagen-conserving ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_fluoride

... such as expression of several types of collagens and protein vimentin, a part of cytoskeletal filaments. Unlike fibroblasts, ... Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) represent a specialised cell type located inside joints in the synovium. These cells play a ... 2010). "Platelets Amplify Inflammation in Arthritis via Collagen-Dependent Microparticle Production". Science. 327 (5965): 580- ... The inner layer is mainly composed of two cell types, specialized macrophages (macrophage-like synovial cells) and fibroblast- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast-like_synoviocyte

"Cytoskeletal protein PSTPIP1 directs the PEST-type protein tyrosine phosphatase to the c-Abl kinase to mediate Abl ... is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated and associated with src homologous and collagen gene (SHC) in chronic myelogenous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABL_(gene)

While there may be some validity to the idea that for various types of specific damage detailed below that are by-products of ... Chemical damage to structural proteins can lead to loss of function; for example, damage to collagen of blood vessel walls can ... With respect to specific types of chemical damage caused by metabolism, it is suggested that damage to long-lived biopolymers, ... Horvath S (2013). "DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types". Genome Biology. 14 (10): R115. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

The use of this type of product on a daily basis gradually enhances the exfoliation of the epidermis. This exposes newer skin ... Epidermal growth factor, to stimulate cell renewal and collagen production in the skin, and strengthen elasticity and structure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aging_product

Excessive pronation of the foot (over 5 degrees) in the subtalar joint is a type of mechanical mechanism that can lead to ... This lack of blood supply can lead to the degradation of collagen fibers and inflammation. Tightness in the calf muscles has ... It is also a known side effect of fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, as are other types of tendinitis. Swelling ... Increased water content and disorganized collagen matrix in tendon lesions may be detected by ultrasonography or magnetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achilles_tendinitis

It is also unlikely that Paleolithic hunter-gatherers were affected by modern diseases of affluence such as type 2 diabetes, ... 19 February 2019). "Exceptionally high δ15N values in collagen single amino acids confirm Neandertals as high-trophic level ... For instance, archaeological evidence from art and bear remains reveals that the bear cult apparently involved a type of ... collagen samples shed new light on their debated diet". Science Daily. Retrieved 21 February 2019. Wilford, John Noble (18 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

CDG syndrome type 1A CDG syndrome type 1B CDG syndrome type 1C CDG syndrome type 2 CDG syndrome type 3 CDG syndrome type 4 CDK4 ... hemolytic anemia Cold contact urticaria Cold urticaria Cole carpenter syndrome Coleman-Randall syndrome Colitis Collagen ... Tooth disease type 1C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type ... disease type 2C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

This downregulation sees the removal of post-transcriptional repression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptor type II (TGF-βRII), and ... consequent collagen production. miR-590 downregulation has further been shown to be mediated by activation of alpha-7 nicotinic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-590_microRNA_precursor_family

A degenerative breakdown of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle caused by aging contributes to weakening of the wall of the ... There is also increased risk of aortic dissection.[citation needed] Types include: It is sometimes called "Erdheim cystic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_thoracic_aortic_aneurysm

Type II Collagen. Type II Collagen. - See: collagen. - Discussion:. - accounts for over 50 percent of the dry wt of cartilage; ... type II collagen mutations:. - mutations in type II collagen as a cause of chondrodysplasias:. - chondrodysplasias are highly ... type II collagen is also found in small amounts in vitreous gel and in a number of other tissues during early development;. - ... since the strength of cartilage depends largely on presence of fibrils of type II collagen, it is possible that some. chondro- ...

https://www.wheelessonline.com/muscles-tendons/type-ii-collagen/

Discover the benefits of native type II collagen for convenient and low-dose supplements. ... Collagen is becoming increasingly popular in the joint health market. ... This is why hydrolysed collagen is also known as collagen peptides, or denatured type II collagen. Native type II collagen is ... Native type II collagen has been shown to help modulate the immune response against endogenous type II collagen through its ...

https://www.nutraingredients.com/News/Promotional-Features/MAKING-MOVES-IN-JOINT-HEALTH-WITH-NATIVE-TYPE-II-COLLAGEN

... indicate that adhesion and migration of lens epithelial cells occurs in response to the lens capsule proteins type IV collagen ... Type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin promote the adhesion and migration of rabbit lens epithelial cells in vitro Invest ... Type IV collagen promotes maximal in vitro adhesion of rabbit lens epithelial cells at lower coating concentrations in ... the adhesion of rabbit lens epithelial cells to surfaces coated with varying concentrations of type IV collagen, laminin, and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8360016/

Collagens are divided into two classes - fibril (types I, II, III, V) and non-fibril (types IV, VI). Type V collagen is a minor ... Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space and is the most abundant protein in the ECM. ... Collagens are divided into two classes - fibril (types I, II, III, V) and non-fibril (types IV, VI). Type V collagen is a minor ... 1280-02S). Purified collagen was detected with Goat Anti-Type I Collagen-UNLB (SB Cat. No. 1310-01), Goat Anti-Type II Collagen ...

https://www.southernbiotech.com/products/bovine-type-v-collagen-solution-1280-02s

BioCell Collagen® - Hydrolyzed Type II - 120 Veg Capsules Great Collagen Alternative. 5 * ... BioCell Collagen® 1 g (1‚000mg) / *. (Proprietary Chicken Sternal Cartilage Extract‚ providing). Hydrolyzed Type II Collagen ... NOW BioCell Collagen® - Hydrolyzed Type II - 120 Veg Capsules Shop all NOW products ... BioCell Collagen® is a versatile nutritional supplement that supports both joint health and moisture retention in mature skin. ...

https://www.pureformulas.com/biocell-collagen-hydrolyzed-type-ii-120-veg-capsules-by-now.html

Hydrolyzed collagen is a collagen that is derived from bovine bone and cartilage. Hydrolyzed collagen in the dried form, can be ... Hydrolyzed collagen Market Status, Segment by Region, Type and Future Forecast Until 2028. Published: Mon Jul 15 2019 ... Hydrolyzed collagen Market Status, Segment by Region, Type and Future Forecast Until 2028 ... Hydrolyzed collagen is a pure protein form for a healthy diet which is easily digestible and highly bioavailable. It contains ...

https://www.clickpress.com/releases/Detailed/802926005cp.shtml

Urinary type II collagen C-terminal peptide is associated with synovitis and predicts structural bone loss in very early ... Urinary type II collagen C-terminal peptide is associated with synovitis and predicts structural bone loss in very early ... high levels of the cartilage turnover biomarker C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) predict an ...

https://ard.bmj.com/content/70/2/331?with-ds=yes

Table 221 Vitamin D Market Size, by Type, 2020-2025 (USD Million). Table 222 Collagen Market Size, by Source, 2019-2026 (USD ... Bone & Joint Health Supplements Market by Type (Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Calcium, Collagen, Omega 3-Fatty Acid, Glucosamine- ... Bone & Joint Health Supplements Market by Type (Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Calcium, Collagen, Omega 3-Fatty Acid, Glucosamine- ... 7.5 Collagen. 7.5.1 Rise in the Aging Popluation in Developed Countries Contributes to Higher Growth of the Collagen Market in ...

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5615355/bone-and-joint-health-supplements-market-by-type?utm_source=CI&utm_medium=PressRelease&utm_code=wzsn7m&utm_campaign=1720698+-+Bone+%26+Joint+Supplement+Market+to+Reach+%2417.6+Billion+by+2027&utm_exec=como322prd

Type XVIII collagen is a homotrimeric basement membrane molecule of unknown function, whose COOH-terminal NC1 domain contains ... The NC1/Endostatin Domain of Caenorhabditis elegans Type XVIII Collagen Affects Cell Migration and Axon Guidance. ... "The NC1/Endostatin Domain of Caenorhabditis elegans Type XVIII Collagen Affects Cell Migration and Axon Guidance." Journal of ... The Caenorhabditis elegans collagen XVIII homologue, cle-1, encodes three developmentally regulated protein isoforms expressed ...

https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/15182

... matrix metalloproteinase-derived fragments of type II collagen) and hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein) were quantified ... monoclonal antibody was developed as a biomarker of chondrocyte hypertrophy through measurement of type X collagen (ColX). The ... The data suggest that chondrocyte hypertrophy and subsequent collagen X fragmentation seem to be increased in a subset of ... Differential susceptibility of type X collagen to cleavage by two mammalian interstitial collagenases and 72-kDa type IV ...

https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2474-15-309

The results show that the three-dimensional silk fibroin-typeⅡ collagen scaffold has good porosity and water absorption, which ... Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Testing of Mechanical Properties for 3D Printed Silk Fibroin-Type II Collagen Scaffolds ... 2018). Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Testing of Mechanical Properties for 3D Printed Silk Fibroin-Type II Collagen ... Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Testing of Mechanical Properties for 3D Printed Silk Fibroin-Type II Collagen Scaffolds ...

https://www.techscience.com/mcb/v15n2/28615

Collagen Casing, Cellulose Casing, Plastic Casing, Fibrous Casing, Value Added Casing, Textile Casing, and Net Casing) and ... 5. Artificial Casings Market, by Type. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Collagen Casing. 5.2.1. Edible Collagen Casing. 5.2.2. Non- ... Table 5 Global Collagen Casings Market Size, by Type, 2017-2025 (USD Million). Table 6 Collagen Casings Market Size, by Country ... Artificial Casings Market by Type (Collagen Casing, Cellulose Casing, Plastic Casing, Fibrous Casing, Value Added Casing, ...

https://www.marketresearch.com/Meticulous-Research-v4061/Artificial-Casings-Type-Collagen-Casing-12643166/

... a Domain Homologous to a Noncollagenous Region of Type Ix Collagen, and Short Collagenous Domains with an Arg-Gly-Asp Site ... The Complete Primary Structure of Type Xii Collagen Shows a Chimeric Molecule with Reiterated Fibronectin Type Iii Motifs, von ... The α1 chain of chick type VI collagen is a hybrid molecule made of one short collagen and three bon Willebrand factor type A- ... The alpha 1 chain of chick type vi collagen is a hybrid molecule made of one short collagen and three von willebrand factor ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/068/113/068113467.php

Type XII and XIV collagens associate with type I and type II fibrils. (Homo sapiens) * Collagen type I,II:XII,XIV fibrils [ ... Collagen type XII, XIV fibrils [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) * Collagen type XIV [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) ... Collagen type XII, XIV fibrils [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) * Collagen type XIV [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) ... Collagen formation (Homo sapiens) * Assembly of collagen fibrils and other multimeric structures (Homo sapiens) * ...

https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8944207

O29 Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), is influenced by vitamin D ... O29 Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), is influenced by vitamin D ... O29 Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), is influenced by vitamin D ... title = "O29 Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), is influenced by ...

https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/o29-bone-turnover-in-pregnancy-measured-by-urinary-c-terminal-tel

... whereas alpha2beta1 has a higher affinity for collagen types I-III than for type IV. Integrin alpha10beta1 binds collagen types ... binding to type III is weaker and collagens IV and VI are poor ligands (Zhang et al. 2003). Binding to collagen type I occurs ... Platelet Adhesion to exposed collagen (Homo sapiens) * Collagen type I binds integrin alpha1beta1, alpha2beta1, alpha10beta1 ( ... Integrin alpha1beta1 binds to collagen type IV and VI with higher affinity than to types I-III, ...

http://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-114563

Publication Type : Journal Article. Thematic Areas : Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine. Publisher : Int J Biol Macromol, ... This review summarizes the current state of the field by outlining composite scaffolds made of gelatin/collagen in combination ... Abstract : Bone is a natural composite material consisting of an organic phase (collagen) and a mineral phase (calcium ... Biomimetic composite scaffolds containing bioceramics and collagen/gelatin for bone tissue engineering - A mini review.. ...

https://www.amrita.edu/publication/biomimetic-composite-scaffolds-containing-bioceramics-and-collagen-gelatin-for-bone-tissue-engineering-a-mini-review/

Collagen Types 1 & 3 with Peptan 500 Mg from Doctors Best is a dietary supplement that supports bones and joint health and ... from hydrolyzed collagen types 1 and 3). Vitamin C (as calcium ascorbate) 30mg (33%). Hydrolyzed Collagen Types 1 and 3 2g ( ... Support Healthy Bones and Joints with Collagen Types 1 & 3. Collagen Types 1 & 3 with Peptan from Doctors Best is a dietary ... Collagen Types 1 & 3 with Peptan 500 Mg from Doctors Best is a science-based dietary supplement of pure collagen protein for ...

https://www.nhc.com/collagen-types-1-3-500-mg-by-doctors-best

BONE TURNOVER IN PREGNANCY, MEASURED BY URINARY C-TERMINAL TELOPEPTIDE OF TYPE I COLLAGEN (CTX), IS INFLUENCED BY VITAMIN D ... BONE TURNOVER IN PREGNANCY, MEASURED BY URINARY C-TERMINAL TELOPEPTIDE OF TYPE I COLLAGEN (CTX), IS INFLUENCED BY VITAMIN D ...

https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/1199304

Maximal migration of human smooth muscle cells on fibronectin and type IV collagen occurs at an intermediate attachment ... and type IV collagen (CnIV). Initial attachment strength was measured in order to characterize short time-scale cell-substratum ... Maximal migration of human smooth muscle cells on fibronectin and type IV collagen occurs at an intermediate attachment ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/122/3/729/56266/Maximal-migration-of-human-smooth-muscle-cells-on

Hydrogel-Hydroxyapatite-Monomeric Collagen type-I scaffold with low-frequency EMF treatment has the potential to enhance ... In this study, a composite scaffold made of Hydroxyapatite-Collagen type-I (HAC) and PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel was produced to ... and monomeric Collagen type I (Col1) in accordance with our previous study [44]. The collagen (3 g) was mixed with HA (2.5 g) ... Yan, J., Liu, C., Tu, C. et al. Hydrogel-hydroxyapatite-monomeric collagen type-I scaffold with low-frequency electromagnetic ...

https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-021-02638-6

Collagen is a nutritional supplement sometimes used to help treat arthritis, but the research on its effectiveness is mixed. ... Types of Collagen Natural Collagen There are 16 types of collagen, with the most common types in the body being: ... Health Benefits of Collagen for Arthritis Collagen type II is most often used to treat pain in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid ... Undenatured collagen is not broken down into smaller proteins or amino acids. Undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) is not ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/do-collagen-supplements-help-arthritis-5101585

Vital Proteins Collagen Vitamins & Minerals without Artificial Flavors. ,. *. Pure Protein Collagen Powder Vitamins & Minerals ... Collagen peptides provide great nutritional value. Product provides good collagen support for my needs. My joints and skin ... Collagen peptides by Vital Proteins. I was skeptical about the flavor or ability to change the consistency of the liquid it was ... I have not found any collagen that dissolves easily in coffee but this one comes the closest. The taste is neutral which rally ...

https://www.ebay.com/itm/264933756378?mkrid=711-53200-19255-0&siteid=0&mkcid=1&campid=5338922449&toolid=10044&customid=&mkevt=1

In this protease substrate, collagen is heavily labeled with FITC, resulting in almost total quenching of the conjugates ... In this protease substrate, collagen is heavily… ... This fluoresceinated collagen is useful for detecting MMP-1 ...

https://www.mobitec.com/products/fluorescence-technology/fluorescent-dyes/as-85111/collagen-type-i-fitc-conjugated-water-soluble-1-mg

ELISA Grade Mouse Type II Collagen with 10X Buffer. Product Name. ELISA Grade Mouse Type II Collagen with 10X Buffer. ... Mouse Anti-Mouse Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit, OPD $500.00. Add To Cart. ... Mouse Anti-Mouse Type II Collagen IgG Antibody Assay Kit, TMB $500.00. Add To Cart. ... Citrullinated mouse collagen administered to DBA/1J mice in the absence of adjuvant initiates arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol, ...

https://www.chondrex.com/products/rade-ouse-ype-ollagen-with-10-uffer2

Targeting collagen P4H is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor progression and sensitize TNBC to chemotherapeutic agents. ... expression and collagen hydroxylation in cancer cells are necessary for breast cancer progression. Here, we show that P4H alpha ... Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) expression and collagen hydroxylation in cancer cells are necessary for breast cancer ... Targeting collagen P4H is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor progression and sensitize TNBC to chemotherapeutic agents. ...

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/markey_facpub/127/

Analysis of the Gene for Cartilege-Specific Type-II Collagen in Kniest Disease ...

https://serval.unil.ch/en/notice/serval:BIB_293BC38F7017

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The global impact of COVID-19 impact has been unprecedented and staggering with the Benelux collagen observing a negative ... The Benelux collagen market size stood at USD 279.6 million in 2019. ... Benelux Collagen Market Size, Share & Covid-19 Impact Analysis, By Type (Hydrolyzed Collagen, Native Collagen, and Gelatin), ... It is abundant in type I and type III collagen that help in providing numerous skin benefits. It is widely used by ...

https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/benelux-collagen-market-104690

I think that collagen supplements are best for arthritis type problems and collagen fillers are best for wrinkles. ZipLine ... Im familiar with collagen facial products, I have used a few collagen creams in the past. I have never taken collagen ... Collagen is a type of fibrous protein naturally found throughout the human body; it provides cushioning and fills out the ... A pot of collagen cream. Although improving the look of skin is one of the most common reasons people use collagen products, ...

https://www.wisegeek.net/what-are-the-different-types-of-collagen-products.htm

Hydrolysed collagen is manufactured via a specific hydrolysis process, where enzymes "cut" the triple helix molecule into smaller pieces, i.e. short-chain peptides. (nutraingredients.com)
This is why hydrolysed collagen is also known as collagen peptides, or denatured type II collagen. (nutraingredients.com)
Collagen Types 1 & 3 with Peptan from Doctor's Best is a dietary supplement of pure collagen that contains protein enzymatically hydrolyzed into low molecular weight peptides for optimal utilization by the body. (nhc.com)
Peptan collagen peptides are bioactive and identical to the collagens found in human bones and skin. (nhc.com)
Collagen can be further predigested into its basic amino acids and is called collagen hydrolysate, hydrolyzed gelatin, collagen peptides, or hydrolyzed collagen. (verywellhealth.com)
MADE WITH VERISOL - Clinically studied Verisol Bioactive Collagen Peptides promote enhanced skin elasticity, promote an increase in skin collagen by as much as 60%, and support reduction of depth of eye wrinkles. (jaycfoods.com)
Suitable for all skin types, especially dry skin, it's infused with ceramides, collagen and peptides. (brownthomas.com)
Collagen deficiency is noticeable quite quickly because it is collagen peptides that affect the condition of the skin. (labosal.com)
A 2008 animal study [4] used marine collagen peptides. (labosal.com)
There are many different types of collagen on the market and they come from various sources, which include: marine, chicken, eggs, and bovine collagen peptides from cows. (amandean.com)
The ultimate collagen drink - packed with antioxidants from organic green tea and infused with hydrolyzed collagen peptides to help fight the signs of ageing, support plumper skin and less fine lines! (fusspottea.com)
Fusspot Collagen Beauty Teas are organic teas, formulated to support your skin and wellbeing, and have been infused with grass-fed bovine, hydrolyzed collagen peptides to support your skin, hair, nails, bones, joints & tendons! (fusspottea.com)
The added bonus of copper peptides aids at improving skin health, decreasing inflammation and improving collagen production. (agirlsgottaspa.com)

[1] Of the 28 different types of collagen that have been identified, type II collagen is the main structural protein in cartilage. (nutraingredients.com)
The results of these studies indicate that adhesion and migration of lens epithelial cells occurs in response to the lens capsule proteins type IV collagen and laminin and in response to fibronectin, a protein found in the lens during embryologic development. (nih.gov)
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space and is the most abundant protein in the ECM. (southernbiotech.com)
Hydrolyzed collagen is a pure protein form for a healthy diet which is easily digestible and highly bioavailable. (clickpress.com)
The Caenorhabditis elegans collagen XVIII homologue, cle-1, encodes three developmentally regulated protein isoforms expressed predominantly in neurons. (ku.edu)
The levels of C-Col10, C2M (matrix metalloproteinase-derived fragments of type II collagen) and hsCRP (high sensitive C-reactive protein) were quantified by ELISAs in serum of 271 OA patients stratified by Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score 0-4. (biomedcentral.com)
Collagen Types 1 & 3 with Peptan 500 Mg from Doctor's Best is a science-based dietary supplement of pure collagen protein for structural support of hair, skin, nails, tendons, ligaments, bones and tissues. (nhc.com)
Collagen is an important structural protein in healthy joints and is a building block of proteins in our body. (nhc.com)
To ensure optimal collagen absorption, avoid taking protein supplements within one hour of consumption. (nhc.com)
Collagen is a protein that is found in many parts of the body, including the cartilage between bones. (verywellhealth.com)
Since collagen is made up of amino acids, the building blocks of protein, it has been hypothesized that the body can use the amino acids in collagen supplements to protect and rebuild joint cartilage that has been damaged by osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (verywellhealth.com)
Collagen is known as the most abundant protein in the body. (verywellhealth.com)
Collagen is an abundantly found structural protein present in the extracellular matrix of various connective tissues in the animal and human body. (fortunebusinessinsights.com)
Collagen is also utilized as an ingredient in various powdery dietary supplements due to its high protein content and beneficial role in metabolism, which is expected to drive its growth. (fortunebusinessinsights.com)
Although improving the look of skin is one of the most common reasons people use collagen products, supplements containing the protein may be beneficial to numerous different types of conditions. (wisegeek.net)
These genes each provide instructions for making one component of a protein called type VI collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
In diet and supplementation, collagen plays an important role - a complete protein with a high content of amino acids (including glycine or proline), which is a fundamental element of connective tissue. (labosal.com)
The lack of collagen protein in the skin contributes to i.a. to the deterioration of its elasticity, problems with proper hydration and an increased tendency to dry out or a decrease in its firmness. (labosal.com)
In fact, just like humans, collagen accounts for 30% of a dog's total protein, making it the most abundant protein in your dog's body! (amandean.com)
Beef gelatin powder is another versatile source of collagen protein that you can add to your dog's nutrition and it can act as a thickener in high protein and homemade dog treats and snacks! (amandean.com)
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in human bodies. (hellohoneybeautyco.com)
You need vitamin C to support collagen synthesis, the process in which the human body makes collagen protein. (kimmel.life)
But knowing the factors you can control, like avoiding UV damage and doing your best to support your collagen production-by taking a hydrolysed collagen supplement like our KIMMEL collagen protein bars -can go a long way toward giving you healthy-looking, firm skin in the future. (kimmel.life)
The type VI collagen is an extracellular protein forming a distinct myofibrillar network of most interstitial connective tissues, existing in the cellular matrices of muscle, skin, tendon, cartilage, intervertebral discs, blood vessels and eyes. (bvsalud.org)

Objectives In rheumatoid arthritis, high levels of the cartilage turnover biomarker C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) predict an increased risk of radiological progression. (bmj.com)

Type XII and XIV collagens associate with type I and type II fibrils. (reactome.org)
The strength of bone is attributed to the apatite, while the collagen fibrils are responsible for the toughness and visco-elasticity. (amrita.edu)
One of the main families of ECM proteins are the collagens (currently 28 different types in humans) among which the fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, V and XI) constitute the classical periodically banded fibrils seen by electron microscopy 2 . (nature.com)
cychcal loading by increasing the alignment of collagen fibrils, hence accelerating the remodelling process. (ucl.ac.uk)

Gelatin and hydrolyzed collagen have been broken down from large proteins to smaller bits. (verywellhealth.com)
Undenatured collagen is not broken down into smaller proteins or amino acids. (verywellhealth.com)
However, it is worth knowing that in the group of collagen proteins, there are as many as 28 different proteins - in the context of skin health and condition, the most important role is played by collagen types I (80% content) and III (about 15% content). (labosal.com)
Proteins of animal origin are used in dietary supplements containing collagen. (labosal.com)
The high level of bioavailability of fish collagen proteins is due to the fact that its structural structure. (labosal.com)
Marine collagen proteins are in the form of a triple helix [3], which means that it is extremely similar to the collagen found in human skin. (labosal.com)
In the context of beauty and the fight against imperfections, the best choice will be preparations containing marine collagen proteins. (labosal.com)
1. FIBROBLASTS: secrete proteins of extracellular fibers, like collagen. (scienceoutlined.com)

Tough bundles of collagen, called collagen fibers, support most of the body's tissues and can be found inside and outside cells. (verywellhealth.com)
In addition, it is also worth mentioning that the chemical bonds between the individual fibers are much rarer than in pork or beef collagen. (labosal.com)
These are the result of the collagen fibers in the vitreous clumping together. (centreforsight.net)
They are bundles of fibers containing 3 collagen fibers each. (scienceoutlined.com)
The infiltrative subtype is aggressive and is characterized microscopically by tumor cells infiltrating into the dermis as strands between the collagen fibers. (medscape.com)

Many people therefore take collagen supplements to preserve their skin health. (verywellhealth.com)
turquoise-- I take collagen supplements regularly. (wisegeek.net)
For dogs and humans alike, when we take collagen supplements it gets broken down into its amino acids glycine and proline. (amandean.com)

Collagen is the main component of connective tissues that make up tendons, ligaments, skin and cartilage. (nutraingredients.com)
Although it has many important functions in the body, collagen is best known for its structural role - providing a framework for tissues throughout the body. (nutraingredients.com)
A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. (uchicago.edu)
While a homotrimeric form (three α1 chains) has been reported in embryonic tissues as well as in diseases (cancer, fibrosis, genetic disorders), collagen type I usually occurs as a heterotrimer (two α1 chains and one α2 chain). (nature.com)
Different composition of alpha-chains and different glycosylation contribute to the high variability of collagens in different tissues and organs. (exalpha.com)
1% sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ) dis- ions in tissues such as collagen or muscle. (who.int)
Collagen is crucial to maintaining the structure and elasticity of your pets' skin, ligaments, joints, muscles, and connective tissues. (amandean.com)
Collagen is found in the connective tissues of animal foods. (kimmel.life)

Hydrolyzed collagen is a collagen that is derived from bovine bone and cartilage. (clickpress.com)
In this study, a composite scaffold made of Hydroxyapatite-Collagen type-I (HAC) and PLGA-PEG-PLGA thermogel was produced to match the cartilage and subchondral layers in osteochondral defects, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Articular cartilage is mainly composed of chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as aggrecan and collagen type 2 (Col2) with complex hierarchical structure [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly, low collagen levels can loosen cartilage and tendons, making them more vulnerable to injuries. (verywellhealth.com)
Chicken collagen contains the chemicals chondroitin and glucosamine, which may help rebuild cartilage. (verywellhealth.com)
Collagen type VI is found as 5-10 nm diameter microfibrils (periodicity 100 nm) e.g. in placenta, skin, cartilage and cornea. (exalpha.com)
1. Ronzière M.C., Ricard-Blum S., Tiollier J., Hartmann D.J., Garrone R., Herbage D. (1990) Comparative analysis of collagens solubilized from human foetal, and normal and osteoarthritic adult articular cartilage, with emphasis on type VI collagen. (exalpha.com)
Cartilage is made of water (70%) and a type II collagen framework with proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (consisting mainly of aggrecan and also chondroitin), produced by chondrocytes. (bmj.com)
Bone broth naturally contains bovine collagen because it is cooked using the bones and cartilage of cows. (amandean.com)
Types I and III provide structure to the skin, muscles and ligaments, while type II is found predominantly in cartilage. (kimmel.life)

Researchers have described several forms of collagen VI-related dystrophy, which range in severity: Bethlem muscular dystrophy is the mildest, an intermediate form is moderate in severity, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is the most severe. (medlineplus.gov)
Variants (also known as mutations) in the COL6A1 , COL6A2 , and COL6A3 genes can cause the various forms of collagen VI-related dystrophy. (medlineplus.gov)
Several forms of collagen type V exist depending upon the composition of the subunits that form the trimer. (uchicago.edu)
Marine Collagen and other forms of collagen - what is worth choosing? (labosal.com)

The Collagen X Fragment Elisa reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (vegf-a.com)
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Collagen Type X in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (vegf-a.com)
During the Dermapen treatment we infuse a professional Hyaluronic Acid serum to ensure your skin not only benefits from the Collagen Induction Therapy, but is plump and hydrated. (hellohoneybeautyco.com)
Extra Whitening Guanjing Nicotinamide Collagen Face Serum - is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (thewomenwears.com)

Hydrolyzed collagen in the dried form, can be reconstituted and can be used as a gelatin food product. (clickpress.com)
When collagen is boiled for a long time, it turns into gelatin. (verywellhealth.com)

Type XVIII collagen is a homotrimeric basement membrane molecule of unknown function, whose COOH-terminal NC1 domain contains endostatin (ES), a potent antiangiogenic agent. (ku.edu)
The main reason behind this is that the collagen molecule is larger than the skin's pores, which means it cannot penetrate beneath the top layer of skin, where it is needed in order to be effective. (wisegeek.net)
Each procollagen molecule is a trimer, where, depending on the genetic type, the three polypeptide chains are either identical (homotrimers, as in collagens II and III) or at least one of the chains is distinct (heterotrimers, as in collagens I, V and XI). (nature.com)
Trimerization of the procollagen C-propeptides initiates intracellular assembly of the procollagen molecule while extracellular proteolytic cleavage of the N- and C-propeptides controls collagen fibril formation. (nature.com)
The basal unit of a collagen molecule consists of a triple-helical structure formed by 3 alpha-chains. (exalpha.com)

It is said that collagen supplements may help in rebuilding joints and reduce inflammation in osteoarthritis, but clinical evidence is mixed. (verywellhealth.com)
The condition is associated with injury to dermal collagen, granulomatous inflammation, and ulceration. (medscape.com)
Histopathological analysis of lung sections showed that while granulomatous inflammation was similarly induced in both exposures, CNTs caused type II pneumocyte (T2P) hyperplasia, while asbestos caused mixed-cell bronchoalveolar hyperplasia. (cdc.gov)
Yellow & Red light therapy can reduce inflammation and stimulate collagen production, improving the overall tone and texture of the skin. (studiosvisavis.com)

However, the molecular mechanisms determining homo- or heterotrimerization of these fibrillar collagens remain unknown. (nature.com)

Your body makes pro collagen by combining two amino acids - glycine and proline. (kimmel.life)

Consequently, numerous promising applications of biomimetic fabrication of collagenous biomaterials [ 9 - 11 ] in conjunction with the availability of precursor play a central role in the drive to create the bioinspired collagen-based materials. (frontiersin.org)

Scar tissue is formed when fibroblasts secrete collagens, which were analysed to assess why some hearts scar more than others. (emjreviews.com)
He further noted that Type 5 collagen regulates the stiffness of scar tissue and, without it, fibroblasts secrete more collagen to reinforce the scar and prevent expansion. (emjreviews.com)
After 90 days of treatment, it turned out that the use of fish collagen improved the antioxidant effect, and also led to an increase in skin thickness and the number of fibroblasts. (labosal.com)
IOXĒL Lightweight Gel deep-nourishes cells and revives skin layers, stimulating fibroblasts into producing new collagen. (perfumeriahortensia.com)

Skin Needling, also known as (C.I.T) Collagen Induction Therapy is the process by which we trick your skin into producing new collagen and elastin fibres- which results in smoother younger looking skin. (hellohoneybeautyco.com)
Collagen and Elastin are the two components of your dermal skin layer that at the age of 20 stop reproducing, therefore the ageing process begins. (hellohoneybeautyco.com)
Skin loses collagen and elastin as we age, which results in the drooping of our skin. (agirlsgottaspa.com)
collagen, elastin and reticular. (scienceoutlined.com)

The results show that the three-dimensional silk fibroin-typeⅡ collagen scaffold has good porosity and water absorption, which is (89.3%+3.26%) and (824.09%+93.05%), respectively. (techscience.com)
Hydrogel-Hydroxyapatite-Monomeric Collagen type-I scaffold with low-frequency EMF treatment has the potential to enhance osteochondral repair. (biomedcentral.com)
In the current study, we investigated proliferation and differentiation of neuron cancer stem cells (NCSCs) on a 3-D porous collagen scaffold that mimics the natural extracellular matrix. (edu.au)
Moreover, immunostaining with neuronal nuclei (NeuN) revealed that NCSCs grown on the 3-D collagen scaffold significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth. (edu.au)
Our findings confirmed that the 80 μm porous collagen scaffold could enhance attachment, viability and differentiation of the cancer neural stem cells. (edu.au)

Collagens are divided into two classes - fibril (types I, II, III, V) and non-fibril (types IV, VI). (southernbiotech.com)
2001). Integrin alpha11beta1 binds preferentially to the fibril-forming collagen types I and II, binding to type III is weaker and collagens IV and VI are poor ligands (Zhang et al. (reactome.org)

Widely used in beauty and cosmetics, as well as food and beverage applications, collagen is now making big moves in the joint health market, creating exciting opportunities for dietary supplement manufacturers to innovate in this sector. (nutraingredients.com)
This supplement promotes body's natural production of collagen to support bone and joint health over time. (nhc.com)
Just make sure that the collagen supplement you're buying is made for skin and not joints. (wisegeek.net)
Their most popular product is a collagen powder supplement. (wisegeek.net)
Using a supplement is the easiest means to enhance collagen degrees, aiding the body boost hydration. (ic-tennis.org)
The development of science has meant that marine collagen is mentioned more and more often, which has been used, among others, in the dietary supplement Labosal Beauty Shot . (labosal.com)
If you're already taking an unflavored non-GMO collagen supplement, you can share a couple of scoops with your pet! (amandean.com)
There's no need to buy a special supplement just for them, human-grade collagen is also safe for animals. (amandean.com)
Hydrolysed collagen (collagen hydrolysate) is a good supplement source. (kimmel.life)
Utilizing a supplement is the simplest method to boost collagen degrees, assisting the body boost hydration. (gatas-brilhantes-hp.net)

The fibrogenic response to short and long SWCNTs was assessed via oxidative stress generation, collagen expression and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production as potential fibrosis biomarkers. (cdc.gov)
UV rays negatively impact collagen through "various mechanisms including DNA changes to the cells that make collagen as well as the production of free radicals that can affect collagen directly via oxidative stress. (kimmel.life)

Discover the benefits of native type II collagen for convenient and low-dose supplements. (nutraingredients.com)
Do Collagen Supplements Help Arthritis? (verywellhealth.com)
Do Collagen Supplements Benefit Arthritis? (verywellhealth.com)
Limited scientific evidence supports the use of collagen supplements for those suffering from arthritis or other conditions that affect the joints. (wisegeek.net)
Those considering taking collagen supplements should speak with their physicians before doing so, especially if they have a preexisting medical condition. (wisegeek.net)
I think that collagen supplements are best for arthritis type problems and collagen fillers are best for wrinkles. (wisegeek.net)
I think I agree with that, but collagen supplements are different. (wisegeek.net)
There are many different kinds of collagen and there are different supplements for different purposes. (wisegeek.net)
I have never taken collagen supplements however. (wisegeek.net)
I buy cosmetics from an online Asian store and I noticed that collagen supplements are selling like hot cakes on there. (wisegeek.net)
I'm very curious about collagen supplements now. (wisegeek.net)
It might seem that the selection of preparation with collagen is not a problem, especially in times of ubiquitous access to dietary supplements. (labosal.com)
Unflavored collagen supplements are a completely safe way to boost your dog's overall health and wellness from puppy through until old age. (amandean.com)
Collagen supplements can boost collagen production in the dermis to promote hair growth and coat health. (amandean.com)
That's where collagen dietary supplements come in handy. (kimmel.life)
Recreationally active men showed that a combination of collagen peptide supplements and strength training increased muscle mass and strength. (kimmel.life)

A 2014 study conducted on Labrador retrievers found that administering hydrolyzed collagen along with hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and gamma oryzanol help to alleviate the symptoms and lessen the occurrence of elbow dysplasia, a common deformity of the elbow joint. (amandean.com)

Over the years, the most commonly used raw materials have been bovine collagen. (labosal.com)
Marine Collagen or Bovine Collagen - what to choose? (labosal.com)
Although bovine collagen is characterized by high stability and density, its large molecules and chaotic chemical structure mean that it does not show sufficient biological activity. (labosal.com)

The main reason for choosing marine collagen is its high bioavailability. (labosal.com)
As a result, marine collagen was found to have protective properties against simulated skin aging. (labosal.com)
Equally interesting results were observed in a study conducted in 2021 [6], which concerned the effectiveness of supplementation with hydrolyzed marine collagen in women between 45 and 60 years of age. (labosal.com)
We recommend our unflavored marine collagen over other sources because it is the most bioavailable source on the market. (amandean.com)

Harvey, Nicholas C. / O29 Bone turnover in pregnancy, measured by urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), is influenced by vitamin D supplementation and is associated with maternal bone health: findings from the MAVIDOS trial . (uea.ac.uk)
Bone is a natural composite material consisting of an organic phase (collagen) and a mineral phase (calcium phosphate, especially hydroxyapatite). (amrita.edu)
It has been reported with other collagen hemostatic agents, that by filling porosities of cancellous bone, they may significantly reduce the bond strength of methylmethacrylate adhesives. (bd.com)
The collagen triple helix is a ubiquitous biomacromolecule used in acidic aqueous solutions as precursor in the fabrication of artificial compact bone and cornea and in tissue engineering. (frontiersin.org)
Over the past two decades, biomimetic fabrication of collagen-based biomaterials has received considerable attention in view of the abundant critical applications such as artificial bone [ 2 - 5 ] and cornea [ 6 , 7 ] reconstruction. (frontiersin.org)
Introduction and Objective: Because L-PRP constitutes an important source of growth factor that is associated with osteogenesis and fibrogenesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-PRP on the presence of collagen III and MMP-2 and MMP-9, while comparing these results by means of a histomorphometric analysis of bone matrix and fibrous deposition on bone repair. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the immunolocalization of MMP-2 and -9 and collagen III in rabbit calvarium bone defects treated with and without L-PRP insertion. (bvsalud.org)
Animal products such as bone broth, gelatine, animal skin are very high in collagen. (kimmel.life)

Rabbit lens epithelial cells were isolated and grown in tissue culture for use in standardized assays to study adhesion and migration of rabbit lens epithelial cells in response to type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and ovalbumin. (nih.gov)
Under these conditions, the adhesion of rabbit lens epithelial cells to surfaces coated with varying concentrations of type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin was shown to be dependent on concentration. (nih.gov)
Type IV collagen promotes maximal in vitro adhesion of rabbit lens epithelial cells at lower coating concentrations in comparison to laminin and fibronectin. (nih.gov)
In cell migration experiments, fibronectin promoted maximal migration at lower concentrations in comparison with laminin and type IV collagen. (nih.gov)
To determine whether an optimal strength of cell-substratum adhesive interactions exists for cell migration, we measured quantitatively both the initial attachment strength and migration speed of human smooth muscle cells (HSMCs) on a range of surface concentrations of fibronectin (Fn) and type IV collagen (CnIV). (rupress.org)

For instance, according to a research paper published by the International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching & Practices in 2017, collagen sponges, mini-pellets, gel preparations, and others were utilized as a biomaterial for drug delivery due to their biodegradable nature and synergism with other bioactive compounds present in the body. (fortunebusinessinsights.com)
A 2017 study also found that collagen can also help to manage osteoarthritis in adult dogs. (amandean.com)

SUPPORTS CELL PROTECTION - Skin supporting Vitamin C protects skin from cell-damaging free radicals and helps collagen formation in the dermis layer. (jaycfoods.com)

Scientific paper from 2016 [5] to check the anti-aging effectiveness of fish collagen with the addition of antioxidants in a group of 41 volunteers. (labosal.com)

In its natural form, collagen has a folded triple helix structure consisting of long polypeptide chains (see figure 1). (nutraingredients.com)
Type I Collagen is composed of three left-handed polypeptide helices (denoted by [α1(I)] 2 [α2(I)]) twisted together to yield a right-handed triple helix. (frontiersin.org)

To study the effect of tap water `softening' (i.e. calcium extraction) on H&E stains, 5 sets of slides from 30 different paraffin-embedded human pathologic tissue blocks were prepared in the same way except for washing with 5 different types of water. (who.int)
Afin d'étudier l'effet de l'adoucissement de l'eau du robinet (extraction du calcium) sur les colorations à l'hématoxyline et à l'éosine, cinq (5) séries de lames issues de 30 blocs de tissus pathologiques humains différents inclus en paraffine ont été préparées de la même manière, sauf pour le lavage qui a été effectué avec cinq types d'eau différents. (who.int)
La teneur faible en ions calcium et magnésium et élevée en ions sodium de l'eau douce affecte négativement les résultats de la coloration de routine à l'hématoxyline-éosine. (who.int)

We offer a green matcha collagen powder blend, a green sencha tea in biodegradable teabags blend, and a green loose leaf tea blend mixed with other herbs and plants to help you boost your skin! (fusspottea.com)

Collagen products aim to put back some of the body's natural stores or stimulate further production. (wisegeek.net)

Collagen supplementation may prove to be one of the ways to maintain optimal skin conditions. (labosal.com)
Our pets may share many of the same benefits as humans when it comes to collagen supplementation. (amandean.com)

Inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through pre-treatment with collagen type V. J Heart Lung Transplant. (uchicago.edu)
Our results also demonstrated the key role of ROS in SWCNT-induced collagen expression and TGF-beta activation, indicating the potential mechanisms of length-dependent SWCNT-induced fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion: Thus, the results suggest that L-PRP not only induces an intense fibrosis rich in collagen III, which is not degraded, but also suppresses MMP-2 and -9 expressions, mimicking a similar pathological event as that of a cleft-palate or cranial suture. (bvsalud.org)

[ 7 ] Trauma has been shown to have a role in the production of basement membrane alterations involving expression of type IV collagen and laminin (alpha 1), thus indicating a possible relationship between these elements and denture stomatitis. (medscape.com)

Variants in the COL6A1 , COL6A2 , and COL6A3 genes result in a decrease or lack of type VI collagen or the production of abnormal type VI collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
Changes in type VI collagen structure or production lead to an unstable extracellular matrix that is no longer attached to cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Long SWCNTs were significantly more potent than short SWCNTs in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) response, collagen production and TGF-beta release. (cdc.gov)
Boosts hydration levels and collagen production. (inspa.com)
Smoking reduces collagen production. (kimmel.life)
Collagen production starts to dip in most people's bodies from the time they're in their late teens or early 20s. (kimmel.life)
It too helps to destroy the bacteria and also has the side benefit of helping with the production of collagen and it also helps to reduce the size of the pores. (popthatzit.com)
IOXĒL Anti-Aging Gel is a exclusive that deeply nourishes cells and restores skin layers, boosting collagen production. (perfumeriahortensia.com)
IOXĒL Ulktralight Gel is an ultra lightweight gel that deeply hydrates cells and reinvigorates skin layers, triggering the production of new collagen. (perfumeriahortensia.com)
Fibroblast-like type B synoviocytes are involved in production of joint matrix constituents (e.g. (bvsalud.org)

Collagen helps to fortify bones, skin and teeth in both humans and dogs. (amandean.com)

Type V collagen mutations are associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. (southernbiotech.com)
Co-Inheritance of Functional Podocin Variants with Heterozygous Collagen IV Mutations Predisposes to Renal Failure. (cdc.gov)

The Benelux collagen market size stood at USD 279.6 million in 2019. (fortunebusinessinsights.com)

Corning™ BioCoat™ Collagen IV Rectangular Canted Neck Culture Flask is ideal for applications involving adhesion, growth and differentiation of neuronal and transfected cell lines. (fishersci.com)
2) The processes of adhesion formation and integration between interfaces was investigated using an interface model made of a cell-free and a cell-seeded collagen lattice. (ucl.ac.uk)

Vitamin C is available in several types. (nwahomepage.com)
It reduces the acidity of the ascorbic acid on its own, making it excellent if you have an extremely sensitive stomach or can't tolerate other vitamin C types due to illness. (nwahomepage.com)
There's an easy way to get more vitamin C in your diet to help produce collagen: Eat lightly cooked vegetables like brussel sprouts, spinach and broccoli, as well as fresh berries. (kimmel.life)
Four of the nutrients that help produce collagen are vitamin C, proline, glycine, and copper. (kimmel.life)

Endostatin is derived from the noncollagenous domain 1 (NC1) at the C-terminus of collagen type XVIII. (who.int)

Binding to collagen type I occurs at sites corresponding to the six-residue sequence G(F/L)OGER (Knight et al. (reactome.org)
Inside the cell, the role of the C-terminal propeptides is to gather together the correct combination of three α chains during molecular assembly, but how this occurs for different forms of the same collagen type is so far unknown. (nature.com)

Like collagen I, collagen V also exists in homotrimeric and heterotrimeric forms, which appear to have different functions in vivo 25 . (nature.com)

The collagen mask provides a boost of hydration, plumping and smoothing the skin. (studiosvisavis.com)

Type A synoviocytes are MACROPHAGES responsible for waste removal from the joint cavity. (bvsalud.org)

ELISA plate was coated with serially diluted Bovine Type V Collagen (SB Cat. (southernbiotech.com)
A competitive ELISA, C-Col10, applying a well-characterized monoclonal antibody was developed as a biomarker of chondrocyte hypertrophy through measurement of type X collagen (ColX). (biomedcentral.com)
Fragment Elisa Laboratories manufactures the collagen x fragment elisa reagents distributed by Genprice. (vegf-a.com)

The word 'collagen' comes from the Greek word for glue because it acts as a glue between cells and provides structure to the body's organs. (verywellhealth.com)
Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) expression and collagen hydroxylation in cancer cells are necessary for breast cancer progression. (uky.edu)
Type VI collagen makes up part of the extracellular matrix that surrounds muscle cells and connective tissue. (medlineplus.gov)
Research suggests that type VI collagen helps secure and organize the extracellular matrix by linking the matrix to the cells it surrounds. (medlineplus.gov)

Cross Linked C-Telopeptide Of Type I Collagen Antibody is a Mouse Monoclonal against Cross Linked C-Telopeptide Of Type I Collagen. (abbexa.com)

Cream-based collagen products can be found in numerous over-the-counter beauty treatments, but there are some doubts from the dermatological community as to whether they actually work. (wisegeek.net)
however, during their research, the team detected that Type 5 collagen, which is not found in the uninjured heart, was abundantly expressed in scar tissue. (emjreviews.com)
Cilengitide, a selective integrin inhibitor, was found to disrupt the expansion cycle and reduce scar size in Type 5 collagen-deficient mice. (emjreviews.com)
At least 28 different types of collagen exist, but types I, II and III form the bulk of the collagen found in our bodies. (kimmel.life)

Improved tumour marker sensitivity in detecting colorectal liver metastases by combined type IV collagen and CEA measurement. (bvsalud.org)

This treatment induces collagen and the growth factor is supposedly to renew skin and improve the appearance of scars. (whatclinic.com)

Unfortunately, with age, the amount of collagen produced decreases in relation to the body's needs. (labosal.com)

The data suggest that chondrocyte hypertrophy and subsequent collagen X fragmentation seem to be increased in a subset of patients with inflammatory OA. (biomedcentral.com)
High sugar levels can lead to hardening and fragmentation of collagen, weakening the skin foundation, and promoting premature skin ageing. (kimmel.life)

Collagen is becoming increasingly popular in the joint health market. (nutraingredients.com)
Scientific evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness of native (undenatured) type II collagen in supporting joint health and may therefore be used as an ingredient in consumer products. (nutraingredients.com)
So how can manufacturers looking to make their next big move in the joint health market harness the powerful benefits of type II collagen? (nutraingredients.com)
Both native (undenatured) type II collagen and hydrolysed (denatured) collagen are used in commercial joint health products, but there are significant differences between the two forms. (nutraingredients.com)
Just like their owners, dogs tend to produce less and less collagen as they age which can bring about skin irritations and conditions, as well as problems with bones and joint health. (amandean.com)

Shampoo Grandma Agafia for Dialy Use for All Hair Types with Onion Peel, Hops Extract. (russianfoods.com)

Lots of people think of collagen as a skin care ingredient due to the fact that it boosts as well as minimizes creases skin health and wellness. (ic-tennis.org)
It boosts collagen and protects against the signs of aging. (sumbody.com)

Anatomy45

Organisms10

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs107

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Interferon-alpha does not improve outcome at one year in patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (1/3016)

Elevated carboxy terminal cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen in alcoholic cirrhosis: relation to liver and kidney function and bone metabolism. (2/3016)

Biochemical markers of bone turnover in breast cancer patients with bone metastases: a preliminary report. (3/3016)

Elevation of alpha2(I) collagen, a suppressor of Ras transformation, is required for stable phenotypic reversion by farnesyltransferase inhibitors. (4/3016)

Relationship between urinary pyridinium cross-links, disease activity and disease subsets of ankylosing spondylitis. (5/3016)

Circulating biochemical markers of bone remodeling in uremic patients. (6/3016)

Effects of 42 months of GH treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover in GH-deficient adults. (7/3016)

Assessment of bone response to systemic therapy in an EORTC trial: preliminary experience with the use of collagen cross-link excretion. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. (8/3016)

Collagen Type I

Collagen

Collagen Type III

Collagen Type II

Collagen Type IV

Fibrillar Collagens

Extracellular Matrix

Collagen Type V

Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Receptors, Collagen

Collagen Type VI

Procollagen

Fibronectins

Collagen Type XI

Fibroblasts

Decorin

Cells, Cultured

Hydroxyproline

Fibrosis

Laminin

Proteoglycans

Cartilage

RNA, Messenger

Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Basement Membrane

Collagen Type XVIII

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Interferon Type I

Collagenases

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Collagen Type X

Cartilage, Articular

Cell Adhesion

Collagen Type XII

Chondrocytes

Tendons

Microbial Collagenase

Tissue Engineering

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

Cattle

Quinazolinones

Skin

HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins

Connective Tissue

Integrins

Collagen Diseases

Biglycan

Immunohistochemistry

Molecular Sequence Data

Elastin

Integrin alpha2beta1

Gels

Integrin alpha2

Wound Healing

Integrin alpha1beta1

Gene Expression

Collagen Type IX

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Aggrecans

Platelet Adhesiveness

Glycosaminoglycans

Cell Differentiation

Amino Acid Sequence

Peptide Fragments

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1

Osteogenesis

Tissue Scaffolds

Matrix Metalloproteinase 2

Hepatic Stellate Cells

Antigens, CD29

Gene Expression Regulation

Endomyocardial Fibrosis

Microscopy, Electron

Cornea

Chondrogenesis

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Bone and Bones

Chick Embryo

Collagen Type VIII