Collagen. Medical search

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

A family of structurally related collagens that form the characteristic collagen fibril bundles seen in CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

A non-fibrillar collagen found in the structure of BASEMENT MEMBRANE. Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer.

A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics.

Collagen receptors are cell surface receptors that modulate signal transduction between cells and the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. Collagen receptors include discoidin domain receptors, INTEGRINS, and glycoprotein VI.

A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.

A non-fibrillar collagen that forms a network of MICROFIBRILS within the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The alpha subunits of collagen type VI assemble into antiparallel, overlapping dimers which then align to form tetramers.

A fibrillar collagen found widely distributed as a minor component in tissues that contain COLLAGEN TYPE I and COLLAGEN TYPE III. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of alpha1(V), alpha2(V) and alpha3(V) subunits. Several forms of collagen type V exist depending upon the composition of the subunits that form the trimer.

Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains.

A non-fibrillar collagen found in BASEMENT MEMBRANE. The C-terminal end of the alpha1 chain of collagen type XVIII contains the ENDOSTATIN peptide, which can be released by proteolytic cleavage.

A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.

A fibrillar collagen found primarily in interstitial CARTILAGE. Collagen type XI is heterotrimer containing alpha1(XI), alpha2(XI) and alpha3(XI) subunits.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A family of non-fibrillar collagens that interact with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS. They contain short triple helical domains interrupted by short non-helical domains and do not form into collagen fibrils.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It is a homotrimer of three identical alpha1(X) subunits.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.

A fibril-associated collagen found in many tissues bearing high tensile stress, such as TENDONS and LIGAMENTS. It is comprised of a trimer of three identical alpha1(XII) chains.

A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -Gly in the sequence -Pro-Xaa-Gly-Pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from Clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other variants have been isolated from Bacillus cereus, Empedobacter collagenolyticum, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, and species of Vibrio and Streptomyces. EC 3.4.24.3.

A non-fibrillar collagen involved in anchoring the epidermal BASEMENT MEMBRANE to underlying tissue. It is a homotrimer comprised of C-terminal and N-terminal globular domains connected by a central triple-helical region.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

Formed from pig pepsinogen by cleavage of one peptide bond. The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain and is inhibited by methyl 2-diaazoacetamidohexanoate. It cleaves peptides preferentially at the carbonyl linkages of phenylalanine or leucine and acts as the principal digestive enzyme of gastric juice.

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.

A family of structurally-related short-chain collagens that do not form large fibril bundles.

A non-fibrillar collagen originally found in DESCEMET MEMBRANE. It is expressed in endothelial cell layers and in tissues undergoing active remodeling. It is heterotrimer comprised of alpha1(VIII) and alpha2(VIII) chains.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of peptidyllysine, usually in protocollagen, to peptidylhydroxylysine. The enzyme utilizes molecular oxygen with concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of the cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate to succinate. EC 1.14.11.4.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.

A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that interacts with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and modifies the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Decorin has also been shown to play additional roles in the regulation of cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS. The protein contains a single glycosaminoglycan chain and is similar in structure to BIGLYCAN.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A non-fibrillar collagen found as a ubiquitously expressed membrane- associated protein. Type XIII collagen contains both collagenous and non-collagenous domains along with a transmembrane domain within its N-terminal region.

Integrin alpha1beta1 functions as a receptor for LAMININ and COLLAGEN. It is widely expressed during development, but in the adult is the predominant laminin receptor (RECEPTORS, LAMININ) in mature SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, where it is important for maintenance of the differentiated phenotype of these cells. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also found in LYMPHOCYTES and microvascular endothelial cells, and may play a role in angiogenesis. In SCHWANN CELLS and neural crest cells, it is involved in cell migration. Integrin alpha1beta1 is also known as VLA-1 and CD49a-CD29.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

Basic glycoprotein members of the SERPIN SUPERFAMILY that function as COLLAGEN-specific MOLECULAR CHAPERONES in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A mixed-function oxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of a prolyl-glycyl containing peptide, usually in PROTOCOLLAGEN, to a hydroxyprolylglycyl-containing-peptide. The enzyme utilizes molecular OXYGEN with a concomitant oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate to SUCCINATE. The enzyme occurs as a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. The beta subunit of procollagen-proline dioxygenase is identical to the enzyme PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASES.

The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

An enzyme oxidizing peptidyl-lysyl-peptide in the presence of water & molecular oxygen to yield peptidyl-allysyl-peptide plus ammonia & hydrogen peroxide. EC 1.4.3.13.

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

The lamellated connective tissue constituting the thickest layer of the cornea between the Bowman and Descemet membranes.

An integrin alpha subunit that primarily combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the INTEGRIN ALPHA2BETA1 heterodimer. It contains a domain which has homology to collagen-binding domains found in von Willebrand factor.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.

A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the EPIDERMIS. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are SWEAT GLANDS; HAIR FOLLICLES; and SEBACEOUS GLANDS.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.

A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A secreted endopeptidase homologous with INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE, but which possesses an additional fibronectin-like domain.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An integrin alpha subunit that binds COLLAGEN and LAMININ though its I domain. It combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the heterodimer INTEGRIN ALPHA1BETA1.

A layer of the cornea. It is the basal lamina of the CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM (from which it is secreted) separating it from the CORNEAL STROMA. It is a homogeneous structure composed of fine collagenous filaments, and slowly increases in thickness with age.

A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.

A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.

Glycoprotein molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes, that react with molecules of antilymphocyte sera, lectins, and other agents which induce blast transformation of lymphocytes.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a N-glycosylated protein, molecular weight 28 kD, produced by a vast range of cell types and found in a variety of tissues and body fluids. It has been shown to suppress metastasis and inhibit tumor invasion in vitro.

Connective tissue comprised chiefly of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers have two components: ELASTIN and MICROFIBRILS.

The molecular unit of collagen fibrils that consist of repeating three-stranded polypeptide units arranged head to tail in parallel bundles. It is a right-handed triple helix composed of 2 polypeptide chains. It is rich in glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

Integrin beta-1 chains which are expressed as heterodimers that are noncovalently associated with specific alpha-chains of the CD49 family (CD49a-f). CD29 is expressed on resting and activated leukocytes and is a marker for all of the very late activation antigens on cells. (from: Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p164)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A member of the MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES that cleaves triple-helical COLLAGEN types I, II, and III.

Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the degradation of gelatin by acting on the peptide bonds. EC 3.4.24.-.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Non-collagenous, calcium-binding glycoprotein of developing bone. It links collagen to mineral in the bone matrix. In the synonym SPARC glycoprotein, the acronym stands for Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A family of secreted protease inhibitory proteins that regulates the activity of SECRETED MATRIX METALLOENDOPEPTIDASES. They play an important role in modulating the proteolysis of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, most notably during tissue remodeling and inflammatory processes.

Components of the extracellular matrix consisting primarily of fibrillin. They are essential for the integrity of elastic fibers.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

An endopeptidase that is structurally similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 2. It degrades GELATIN types I and V; COLLAGEN TYPE IV; and COLLAGEN TYPE V.

Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in a variety of tissues including CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; SKELETAL MUSCLE; CARTILAGE; BONE; and TENDONS. The protein contains two glycosaminoglycan chains and is similar in structure to DECORIN.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.

Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.

The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A group of cells that includes FIBROBLASTS, cartilage cells, ADIPOCYTES, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells.

The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.

Angiostatic proteins that are formed from proteolytic cleavage of COLLAGEN TYPE XVIII.

A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.

Numerical expression indicating the measure of stiffness in a material. It is defined by the ratio of stress in a unit area of substance to the resulting deformation (strain). This allows the behavior of a material under load (such as bone) to be calculated.

Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of the calf to the HEEL BONE.

Form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by atrophy of blistered areas, severe scarring, and nail changes. It is most often present at birth or in early infancy and occurs in both autosomal dominant and recessive forms. All forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa result from mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE VII, a major component fibrils of BASEMENT MEMBRANE and EPIDERMIS.

A vascular connective tissue formed on the surface of a healing wound, ulcer, or inflamed tissue. It consists of new capillaries and an infiltrate containing lymphoid cells, macrophages, and plasma cells.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Experimentally induced chronic injuries to the parenchymal cells in the liver to achieve a model for LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

Spindle-shaped cells with characteristic CONTRACTILE PROTEINS and structures that contribute to the WOUND HEALING process. They occur in GRANULATION TISSUE and also in pathological processes such as FIBROSIS.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells.

A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification.

An extracellular endopeptidase which excises a block of peptides at the amino terminal, nonhelical region of the procollagen molecule with the formation of collagen. Absence or deficiency of the enzyme causes accumulation of procollagen which results in the inherited connective tissue disorder--dermatosparaxis. EC 3.4.24.14.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A transmembrane domain-containing matrix metalloproteinase. It is synthesized as an inactive zymogen that is activated by the action of PROPROTEIN CONVERTASES such as FURIN. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 plays a direct role in the cleavage of proteins in the pericellular environment. In addition, it can function indirectly by enzymatically activating the proprotein form of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 15.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A member of the family of TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES. It is a 21-kDa nonglycosylated protein found in tissue fluid and is secreted as a complex with progelatinase A by human fibroblast and uncomplexed from alveolar macrophages. An overexpression of TIMP-2 has been shown to inhibit invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo.

A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.

A hyperstable collagen mimic. (1/15802)

BACKGROUND: Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Each polypeptide chain of collagen is composed of repeats of the sequence: Gly-X-Y, where X and Y are often L-proline (Pro) and 4(R)-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp) residues, respectively. These chains are wound into tight triple helices of great stability. The hydroxyl group of Hyp residues contributes much to this conformational stability. The existing paradigm is that this stability arises from interstrand hydrogen bonds mediated by bridging water molecules. This model was tested using chemical synthesis to replace Hyp residues with 4(R)-fluoro-L-proline (Flp) residues. The fluorine atom in Flp residues does not form hydrogen bonds but does elicit strong inductive effects. RESULTS: Replacing the Hyp residues in collagen with Flp residues greatly increases triple-helical stability. The free energy contributed by the fluorine atom in Flp residues is twice that of the hydroxyl group in Hyp residues. The stability of the Flp-containing triple helix far exceeds that of any untemplated collagen mimic of similar size. CONCLUSIONS: Bridging water molecules contribute little to collagen stability. Rather, collagen stability relies on previously unappreciated inductive effects. Collagen mimics containing fluorine or other appropriate electron-withdrawing substituents could be the basis of new biomaterials for restorative therapies. (+info)

Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in cervical squamous cell carcinoma--a clinicopathological study. (2/15802)

AIM: To evaluate the intracellular and peritumoral expression of matrix proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix using immunohistochemistry. METHODS: 71 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 controls were stained for laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV. Cytoplasmic staining in tumour cells and peritumoral deposition of matrix proteins were evaluated. The association between staining results and patient age, tumour stage, histological grade, and survival was studied. RESULTS: Positive cytoplasmic staining for laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV was observed in 17 (23.9%), 27 (38%), and 10 (14.1%) cases, respectively. Staining for laminin was most pronounced in the invasive front of tumour islands, while for fibronectin and collagen IV it appeared to be diffuse. Peritumoral staining for laminin and collagen IV was detected in 12 cases (16.9%). Early stage (Ia1-Ia2) tumours were uniformly negative for all three proteins. Cytoplasmic staining for laminin correlated with positive staining for fibronectin and collagen IV, and with the presence of a peritumoral deposition of collagen IV and laminin. There was no correlation with any of the three markers between staining results and patient age, stage, grade, or survival. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in some cervical squamous cell carcinomas might reflect the enhanced ability of these tumours to modify the peritumoral stroma. This ability seems to be absent in early stage tumours. The correlation between intracytoplasmic and peritumoral expression of matrix proteins supports the evidence of their synthesis by tumour cells. However, this property did not correlate with disease outcome in this study. (+info)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (3/15802)

Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice can be passively transferred to SCID mice with spleen B- and T-lymphocytes. In the present study, we show that infection ex vivo of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a retroviral vector, containing cDNA for the soluble form of human p75 receptor of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-R) before transfer, prevents the development of arthritis, bone erosion and joint inflammation in the SCID recipients. Assessment of IgG subclass levels and studies of synovial histology suggest that down-regulating the effector functions of T helper-type 1 (Th1) cells may, at least in part, explain the inhibition of arthritis in the SCID recipients. In contrast, the transfer of splenocytes infected with mouse TNF-alpha gene construct resulted in exacerbated arthritis and enhancement of IgG2a antibody levels. Intriguingly, infection of splenocytes from arthritic DBA/1 mice with a construct for mouse IL-10 had no modulating effect on the transfer of arthritis. The data suggest that manipulation of the immune system with cytokines, or cytokine inhibitors using gene transfer protocols can be an effective approach to ameliorate arthritis. (+info)

Expression and differential regulation of connective tissue growth factor in pancreatic cancer cells. (4/15802)

CTGF is an immediate early growth responsive gene that has been shown to be a downstream mediator of TGFbeta actions in fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. In the present study hCTGF was isolated as immediate early target gene of EGF/TGFalpha in human pancreatic cancer cells by suppression hybridization. CTGF transcripts were found in 13/15 pancreatic cancer cell lines incubated with 10% serum. In 3/7 pancreatic cancer cell lines EGF/TGFalpha induced a significant rise of CTGF transcript levels peaking 1-2 h after the start of treatment. TGFbeta increased CTGF transcript levels in 2/7 pancreatic cancer cell lines after 4 h of treatment and this elevation was sustained after 24 h. Only treatment with TGFbeta was accompanied by a parallel induction of collagen type I transcription. 15/19 human pancreatic cancer tissues were shown to overexpress high levels of CTGF transcripts. CTGF transcript levels in pancreatic cancer tissues and nude mouse xenograft tumors showed a good correlation to the degree of fibrosis. In situ hybridization and the nude mouse experiments revealed that in pancreatic cancer tissues, fibroblasts are the predominant site of CTGF transcription, whereas the tumor cells appear to contribute to a lesser extent. We conclude that CTGF may be of paramount importance for the development of the characteristic desmoplastic reaction in pancreatic cancer tissues. (+info)

Enhanced Th1 and dampened Th2 responses synergize to inhibit acute granulomatous and fibrotic responses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. (5/15802)

In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, CD4(+) Th1 and Th2 cells participate in the ovum-induced granulomatous inflammation. Previous studies showed that the interleukin-12 (IL-12)-induced Th1 response strongly suppressed the Th2-cell-mediated pulmonary granuloma development in naive or primed mice. However, liver granulomas were only moderately suppressed in egg-vaccinated, recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12)-treated infected mice. The present study shows that repeated rIL-12 injections given during early granuloma development at 5 to 7 weeks after infection prolonged the Th1 phase and resulted in gamma interferon-mediated suppression of liver granulomas. The timing is crucial: if given at 6 to 8 weeks, during the Th2-dominated phase of florid granuloma growth, the treatment is ineffective. Daily injections of rIL-12 given between 5 and 7.5 weeks during the period of granuloma growth achieved a somewhat-stronger diminution in granuloma growth with less deposition of collagen but caused 60% mortality and liver pathology. In contrast, combined treatment with rIL-12 and anti-IL-4-anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (MAb) injections given during the Th2 phase strongly inhibited liver granuloma growth without mortality. The diminished inflammatory response was accompanied by less deposition of collagen in the liver. Moreover, neutralization of endogenous IL-12 by anti-IL-12 MAbs effectively decreased the early Th1 phase (between 5 and 6 weeks after infection) but not the developing Th2 phase (5 to 7 weeks) of granuloma development. These studies indicate that the granulomatous response in infected mice can be manipulated by utilizing the Th1-Th2-subset antagonism with potential salutary results in the amelioration of fibrous pathology. (+info)

Treponema denticola outer membrane enhances the phagocytosis of collagen-coated beads by gingival fibroblasts. (6/15802)

Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) degrade collagen fibrils in physiological processes by phagocytosis. Since Treponema denticola outer membrane (OM) extract perturbs actin filaments, important structures in phagocytosis, we determined whether the OM affects collagen phagocytosis in vitro by HGFs. Phagocytosis was measured by flow cytometric assessment of internalized collagen-coated fluorescent latex beads. Confluent HGFs pretreated with T. denticola ATCC 35405 OM exhibited an increase in the percentage of collagen phagocytic cells (phagocytosis index [PI]) and in the number of beads per phagocytosing cell (phagocytic capacity [PC]) compared with untreated controls. The enhancement was swift (within 15 min) and was still evident after 1 day. PI and PC of HGFs for bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated beads were also increased, indicating a global increase in phagocytic processes. These results contrasted those for control OM from Veillonella atypica ATCC 17744, which decreased phagocytosis. The T. denticola OM-induced increase in bead uptake was eliminated by heating the OM and by depolymerization of actin filaments by cytochalasin D treatment of HGFs. Fluid-phase accumulation of lucifer yellow was enhanced in a saturable, concentration-dependent, transient manner by the T. denticola OM. Our findings were not due to HGF detachment or cytotoxicity in response to the T. denticola OM treatment since the HGFs exhibited minimal detachment from the substratum; they did not take up propidium iodide; and there was no change in their size, granularity, or content of sub-G1 DNA. We conclude that a heat-sensitive component(s) in T. denticola OM extract stimulates collagen phagocytosis and other endocytic processes such as nonspecific phagocytosis and pinocytosis by HGFs. (+info)

Interferon-alpha does not improve outcome at one year in patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (7/15802)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) reduces the severity of skin involvement in early (<3 years) diffuse scleroderma. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 35 patients with early scleroderma received subcutaneous injections of either IFNalpha (13.5 x 10(6) units per week in divided doses) or indistinguishable placebo. Outcomes assessed were the modified Rodnan skin score, as determined by a single observer at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, as well as data on renal, cardiac, and lung function. Pre- and posttreatment skin biopsy samples were analyzed and blood was obtained for assessment of procollagen peptide levels. RESULTS: There were 11 withdrawals from the IFNalpha group and 3 from the placebo group due to either toxicity, lack of efficacy, or death. In the intent-to-treat analysis, there was a greater improvement in the skin score in the placebo group between 0 and 12 months (mean change IFNalpha -4.7 versus placebo -7.5; P = 0.36). There was also a greater deterioration in lung function in patients receiving active therapy, as assessed by either the forced vital capacity (mean change IFNalpha -8.2 versus placebo +1.3; P = 0.01) or the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (mean change IFNalpha -9.3 versus placebo +4.7; P = 0.002). Skin biopsy showed no significant decrease in collagen synthesis in the IFNalpha group, and no significant differences in the levels of procollagen peptides were seen between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that IFNalpha is of no value in the treatment of scleroderma, and that it may in fact be deleterious. (+info)

Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (8/15802)

Aggrecan, the predominant large proteoglycan of cartilage, is a multidomain macromolecule with each domain contributing specific functional properties. One of the domains contains the majority of the keratan sulfate (KS) chain substituents and a protein segment with a proline-rich hexapeptide repeat sequence. The function of this domain is unknown but the primary structure suggests a potential for binding to collagen fibrils. We have examined binding of aggrecan fragments encompassing the KS-rich region in a solid-phase assay. A moderate affinity (apparent Kd = 1.1 microM) for isolated collagen II, as well as collagen I, was demonstrated. Enzymatic digestion of the KS chains did not alter the capacity of the peptide to bind to collagen, whereas cleavage of the protein core abolished the interaction. The distribution of the aggrecan KS-rich region in bovine tarsometatarsal joint cartilage was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactivity was relatively low in the superficial zone and higher in the intermediate and deep zones of the uncalcified cartilage. Within the pericellular and territorial matrix compartments the epitopes representing the aggrecan KS-rich region were detected preferentially near or at collagen fibrils. Along the fibrils, epitope reactivity was non-randomly distributed, showing preference for the gap region within the D-period. Our data suggest that collagen fibrils interact with the KS-rich regions of several aggrecan monomers aligned within a proteoglycan aggregate. The fibril could therefore serve as a backbone in at least some of the aggrecan complexes. (+info)

Corneal collagen cross-linking[edit]. Corneal collagen cross-linking may delay or eliminate the need for corneal ... To make the material, the researchers placed a human gene that regulates the natural production of collagen into specially ... "Corneal collagen cross-linking for treating keratoconus". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3: CD010621. doi:10.1002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratoplasty

Bone and collagen[edit]. Cortisol reduces bone formation,[3] favoring long-term development of osteoporosis (progressive bone ... Cortisol down-regulates the synthesis of collagen.[19] Amino acid[edit]. Cortisol raises the free amino acids in the serum by ... Collagen is an important component of connective tissue. It is vital for structural support and is found in muscles, tendons, ... Kucharz EJ (1988). "Hormonal control of collagen metabolism. Part II". Endocrinologie. 26 (4): 229-37. PMID 3062759.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol

Collagen[edit]. Collagens are the most abundant protein in the ECM. In fact, collagen is the most abundant protein in the human ... and epidermolysis bullosa are linked with genetic defects in collagen-encoding genes.[9] The collagen can be divided into ... Laminins bind other ECM components such as collagens and nidogens.[9] Development[edit]. There are many cell types that ... In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules, such as collagen, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_matrix

Corneal collagen cross-linking[edit]. Main article: Corneal collagen cross-linking. There is evidence suggesting corneal ... Spadea, Leopoldo (2010). "Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking with Riboflavin and UVA Irradiation in Pellucid Marginal Degeneration ... Research shows some promising results by combining collagen cross linking with photorefractive keratectomy, or with topography- ... "Management of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration with simultaneous customized photorefractive keratectomy and collagen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellucid_marginal_degeneration

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collagen,_type_XX,_alpha_1&oldid=705418915" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COL20A1

... is a protein that has been hydrolyzed or broken down into its component amino acids. While there are many means of achieving this, two of the most common methods are prolonged boiling in a strong acid (acid-HVP) or strong base or using an enzyme such as pancreatic protease to simulate the naturally occurring hydrolytic process. Protein hydrolysis can be used to modify the allergenic properties of infant formula. The size of cow milk proteins in the formula and the milk becomes more suitable for consumption by babies suffering of Milk protein intolerance. Common hydrolyzed products used in food are hydrolyzed soy protein and hydrolyzed yeast, which is used as a flavor enhancer. Hydrolyzed Protein is also used in the manufacturing process of certain specially formulated Hypoallergenic Dog Foods for dogs and puppies that suffer from allergies caused by certain protein and carbohydrate types in standard commercial dog food brands. This means that the protein contents of the food ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolyzed_protein

InChI=1S/C26H37NO3/c1-18(2)26(29)30-25-13-12-21(17-28)16-24(25)23(22-10-8-7-9-11-22)14-15-27(19(3)4)20(5)6/h7-13,16,18-20,23,28H,14-15,17H2,1-6H3/t23-/m1/s1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesoterodine

collagen. collagen. collagen. none. α-chitin. α-chitin Molting Generally no;[20] but some polychaetes molt their jaws, and ... Annelids' cuticles are made of collagen fibers, usually in layers that spiral in alternating directions so that the fibers ... is made of tough but flexible collagen[7] and does not molt[20] - on the other hand arthropods' cuticles are made of the more ... in other words a combination of cells and non-cellular materials such as collagen. Below this are two layers of muscles, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annelida

collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Biological process. • animal organ morphogenesis. • cell proliferation. • ... Tzaphlidou M (2004). "The role of collagen and elastin in aged skin: an image processing approach". Micron. 35 (3): 173-7. doi: ... Fischer GM, Llaurado JG (Aug 1966). "Collagen and elastin content in canine arteries selected from functionally different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastin

Saad, Mohamed (Oct 1994). Low resolution structure and packing investigations of collagen crystalline domains in tendon using ... collagen, elastin, and fibroin. The roles of such proteins include protection and support, forming connective tissue, tendons, ... such as a collagen helix. The structures often feature cross-links between chains (e.g., cys-cys disulfide bonds between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scleroprotein

... acts on M2 and M3[3] subtypes of muscarinic receptors whereas older antimuscarinic treatments for overactive bladder act more specifically on M3 receptors. Tolterodine, although it acts on all types of receptors, has fewer side effects than oxybutynin (M3 and M1 selective, but more so in the parotid than in the bladder) as tolterodine targets the bladder more than other areas of the body. This means that less drug needs to be given daily (due to efficient targeting of the bladder) and so there are fewer side effects.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detrol

... is an endopeptidase involved in the processing of collagen. The proteases removes the terminal peptides of the procollagen. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procollagen_peptidase

The cytokeratins are encoded by a family encompassing 30 genes. Among them, 20 are epithelial genes and the remaining 10 are specific for trichocytes. All cytokeratin chains are composed of a central α-helix-rich domain (with a 50-90% sequence identity among cytokeratins of the same type and around 30% between cytokeratins of different type) with non-α-helical N- and C-terminal domains. The α-helical domain has 310-150 amino acids and comprises four segments in which a seven-residue pattern repeats. Into this repeated pattern, the first and fourth residues are hydrophobic and the charged residues show alternate positive and negative polarity, resulting in the polar residues being located on one side of the helix. This central domain of the chain provides the molecular alignment in the keratin structure and makes the chains form coiled dimers in solution. The end-domain sequences of type I and II cytokeratin chains contain in both sides of the rod domain the subdomains V1 and V2, which have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokeratin

... ( anticholinergic agent) is a group of substances that blocks the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at synapses in the central and the peripheral nervous system, and, in broad terms, neuromuscular junction.[1][2] These agents inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses by selectively blocking the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, and many other parts of the body;[3] cholinergic process otherwise by enhancing ACh function.[3] In broad terms, anticholinergics are divided into two categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central, peripheral nervous system and neuromuscular junction:[3] antimuscarinic agents, and antinicotinic agents (ganglionic blockers, neuromuscular blockers).[4] In strict terms, anticholinergic only comprises ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticholinergics

collagen-containing extracellular matrix. Biological process. • regulation of cell adhesion. • cell adhesion. • extracellular ... collagens I, III, IV, c-myc and p53". Archives of Oral Biology. 46 (6): 545-55. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(01)00014-0. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminin,_alpha_4

... produces a vivid color change in urine, typically to a dark orange to reddish color. This effect is common and harmless, and indeed a key indicator of the presence of the medication in the body. Users of phenazopyridine are warned not to wear contact lenses, as phenazopyridine has been known to permanently discolor contact lenses and fabrics.[1][5] Some may be mistakenly concerned that this indicated blood in the urine. Phenazopyridine can also cause headaches, upset stomach (especially when not taken with food), or dizziness. Less frequently it can cause a pigment change in the skin or eyes, to a noticeable yellowish color. This is due to a depressed excretion via the kidneys causing a buildup of the medication in the skin, and normally indicates a need to discontinue usage.[2] Other such side effects include fever, confusion, shortness of breath, skin rash, and swelling of the face, fingers, feet, or legs.[1][2] Long-term use may cause yellowing of nails.[6] Phenazopyridine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenazopyridine

Okada M et al (2007) Primary collagen VI deficiency is the second most common congenital muscular dystrophy in Japan. Neurolog ... that is caused by a mutation in one of the three genes coding for type VI collagen.[2] These include COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3 ... "Collagen VI related muscle disorders" (PDF). J. Med. Genet. 42 (9): 673-85. doi:10.1136/jmg.2002.002311. PMC 1736127 . PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlem_myopathy

Collagen disease. COL1:. *Osteogenesis imperfecta. *Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types 1, 2, 7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatopathia_pigmentosa_reticularis_hypohidotica_et_atrophica

The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid. Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon, from which it was first isolated in 1914 by Koga and Odake.[2] It was finally identified by Wada in 1930.[3] It has the formula H2NC(O)NH(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. It is a key intermediate in the urea cycle, the pathway by which mammals excrete ammonia by converting it into urea. Citrulline is also produced as a byproduct of the enzymatic production of nitric oxide from the amino acid arginine, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase.[4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrulline

Besides the nervous system, GABA is also produced at relatively high levels in the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. The β-cells secrete GABA along with insulin and the GABA binds to GABA receptors on the neighboring islet α-cells and inhibits them from secreting glucagon (which would counteract insulin's effects).[25] GABA can promote the replication and survival of β-cells[26][27][28] and also promote the conversion of α-cells to β-cells, which may lead to new treatments for diabetes.[29] GABA has also been detected in other peripheral tissues including intestines, stomach, Fallopian tubes, uterus, ovaries, testes, kidneys, urinary bladder, the lungs and liver, albeit at much lower levels than in neurons or β-cells. GABAergic mechanisms have been demonstrated in various peripheral tissues and organs, which include the intestines, the stomach, the pancreas, the Fallopian tubes, the uterus, the ovaries, the testes, the kidneys, the urinary bladder, the lungs, and the liver.[30] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid

"OMIM Entry - *113811 - COLLAGEN, TYPE XVII, ALPHA-1; COL17A1".. [permanent dead link] ... and/or type XVII collagen, also called Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 2,[6] which is a component of hemidesmosomes. A different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullous_pemphigoid

Collagen disease. COL1:. *Osteogenesis imperfecta. *Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types 1, 2, 7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonsyndromic_deafness

Amino acid supplements, including L-ornithine, are frequently marketed to bodybuilders and weightlifters with claims for increasing levels of human growth hormone (HGH), muscle mass and strength. A clinical study reported that L-ornithine at 2 g/d did not increase HGH.[6] A review on the topic concluded "The use of specific amino acids to stimulate GH release by athletes is not recommended."[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithine

Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate. Medium spiny cells are a typical example of inhibitory central nervous system GABAergic cells. In contrast, GABA exhibits both excitatory and inhibitory actions in insects, mediating muscle activation at synapses between nerves and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain glands.[4] In mammals, some GABAergic neurons, such as chandelier cells, are also able to excite their glutamatergic counterparts.[5] GABAA receptors are ligand-activated chloride channels: when activated by GABA, they allow the flow of chloride ions across the membrane of the cell. Whether this chloride flow is depolarizing (makes the voltage across the cell's membrane less negative), shunting (has no effect on the cell's membrane potential), or inhibitory/hyperpolarizing (makes the cell's membrane more negative) depends on the direction of the flow of chloride. When net ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_amino_butyric_acid

Collagen disease. COL1:. *Osteogenesis imperfecta. *Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, types 1, 2, 7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_defects

Crick engaged in several X-ray diffraction collaborations such as one with Alexander Rich on the structure of collagen.[57] ... "The structure of collagen" (PDF reprint). Nature. 176 (4489): 915-6. Bibcode:1955Natur.176..915R. doi:10.1038/176915a0. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick

protein tyrosine kinase collagen receptor activity. • protein tyrosine kinase activity. • ATP binding. • collagen binding. ... collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway. • ossification. • phosphorylation. • collagen fibril ... Leitinger B (May 2011). "Transmembrane collagen receptors". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 27: 265-90. doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio- ... Leitinger B, Kwan AP (2006). "The discoidin domain receptor DDR2 is a receptor for type X collagen". Matrix Biol. 25 (6): 355- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR2_

Type III collagen. liver, bone marrow, and lymphatic organs USES[edit]. Connective tissue has a wide variety of functions that ... groups of adipose cells are kept together by collagen fibers and collagen sheets in order to keep fat tissue under compression ... Type I collagen is present in many forms of connective tissue, and makes up about 25% of the total protein content of the ... Adipose tissue gives "mechanical cushioning" to the body, among other functions.[14][15] Although there is no dense collagen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_connective_tissue

Collagen consists of both 3‐hydroxyproline and 4‐hydroxyproline residues. [4] Hydroxylation occurs at the γ-C atom, forming ... This is due to the fact that collagen makes up about 25-35% of the protein in our bodies and contains a hydroxyproline at ... Deprivation of ascorbate leads to deficiencies in proline hydroxylation, which leads to less stable collagen, which can ... "A hyperstable collagen mimic". Chemistry & Biology. 6 (2): 63-70. doi:10.1016/S1074-5521(99)80003-9. PMID 10021421 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylation

These fibers may then be coated with collagen to promote cell attachment, although collagen has successfully been spun directly ... Matthews J. A.; Wnek G. E.; Simpson D. G.; Bowlin G. L. (2002). "Electrospinning of collagen nanofibers". Biomacromolecules. 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospinning

Women produce less collagen than men, and this collagen is lost at a rate of about 1% per year. This means that a woman has ... Poor collagen levels also affect the bones, and this picture (left) shows how collagen loss affects facial shape in extreme age ... Collagen is a natural protein component of the skin that acts like a scaffold and the main building block for cells, tissues ... About a third of the protein content in your body is made up of collagen, which is found in the bones, muscles, and tissues of ...

https://sites.google.com/view/yummyiagra/collagen

Collagen IV (ColIV or Col4) is a type of collagen found primarily in the basal lamina. The collagen IV C4 domain at the C- ... Collagen IV is the more common usage, as opposed to the older terminology of "type-IV collagen".[citation needed] Collagen IV ... Also, collagen IV lacks the regular glycine in every third residue necessary for the tight, collagen helix. This makes the ... Serum Collagen IV concentrations correlate with hepatic tissue levels of collagen IV in subjects with alcoholic liver disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_IV_collagen

Our multifunctional serum uses a plant-based collagen from seaweed to help repair and strengthen the skins natural collagen and ... Elemis Pro Collagen Quartz Lift Serum 1oz / 30ml Expirt Date 2022 Sealed New Box ... Advanced Clinicals Collagen Skin Care Set 16oz Cream and 1.8oz Face Serum ... Medicube Triple collagen Booster 4 set Toner Serum Cream Pore Pad K-beauty ...

https://www.ebay.com/itm/GLOW-Collagen-Serum/392993909674?hash=item5b80432baa:g:iqEAAOSwLAtfmMEu

... hydrolyzed collagen) are made by breaking down collagen proteins into small pieces. They are commonly used for aging skin and ... Denatured Collagen, Hydrolised Collagen, Hydrolysed Collagen, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein, Marine Collagen ... Collagen peptides are very small pieces of protein from animal collagen. Collagen is one of the materials that makes up ... Collagen peptides are made by breaking down whole collagen proteins into smaller pieces. When taken by mouth, collagen peptides ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/1606.html

News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance with these terms and conditions. Please note that medical information found on this website is designed to support, not to replace the relationship between patient and physician/doctor and the medical advice they may provide. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/opinion/cfa996f0-8b0b-46c0-8d6e-1862739ca4d9.aspx

The type VII collagen fibril, composed of three identical alpha collagen chains, is restricted to the basement zone beneath ... Collagen, type VII, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with Laminin 5 and Fibronectin. Collagen GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Type VII collagen is also found in the retina; its function in this organ is unknown. COL7A1 is located on the short arm of ... Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL7A1 gene. This gene encodes the alpha chain of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_VII,_alpha_1

Collagen Microfibril Structure. The molecular model of bovine type I collagen microfibril, is contained in (MCF2021.txt), a ... Brown, E.M. Development and utilization of a bovine type I collagen microfibril model. International Journal of Biological ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/wyndmoor-pa/eastern-regional-research-center/biobased-and-other-animal-co-products-research/docs/collagen-microfibril-structure/

Collagen contains specific amino acids - Glycine, Proline, Hydroxyproline and Arginine. ... Collagen is a protein made up of amino-acids, which are in turn built of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. ... Collagen is even the major component of the hair and nails.. Aging and collagen. With age, collagen production slows and the ... An atomic-force-microscopy image of collagen fibrils in a collagen fiber. Image Credit: UChicago Argonne LLC ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Collagen.aspx

Collagen is a simple protein. It is composed of 3 long chains wound together in a tight triple helix. Each chain is 1400 amino ... For example collagen in tendons transmits tension). Collagen is integral to wound healing and blood clotting. As a Treatment: ... Collagen stregthens tendons, skin and the membranes that hold the internal organs in place. Collagen mixed with mineral ... Collagen Induced Arthritis: Collagen (type II, bovine) is used to induce arthritis in animal studies. These studies are ...

https://everything2.com/title/collagen

Protecting Current Collagen Levels and Preventing Future Collagen Degradation. The best way to maintain a healthy, youthful ... Collagen: The Skin Structural Protein. Collagen is a major structural protein in the skin. It plays a key role in providing the ... What Is Collagen?. Collagen is the bodys major structural protein composed of three protein chains wound together in a tight ... Collagen and Beauty. Collagen makes up 75 percent of our skin; thus, the smooth, plump appearance of young, healthy skin is due ...

https://www.nuskin.com/th_TH/products/pharmanex/science/skin_care_science/collagen.html

Collagen is a protein in the body that helps make bones strong. ... What Is Collagen?. Collagen (KOL-uh-jin) is a protein in the ... What Are the Different Kinds of Collagen?. Our bodies have many different kinds of collagen. Most of it is type I collagen, ... Collagen has many important roles in the body. A child who has a collagen problem may need medical care throughout life. ... How Do Problems With Collagen Happen?. Most kids with a collagen problem have it because they inherited a gene from one or both ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/parents/collagen.html?WT.ac=p-ra

People who developed these disorders were previously said to have "connective tissue" or "collagen vascular" disease. We now ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001223.htm

Collagen is an important protein in your skin and connective tissues. Among its many functions, it is responsible for giving ... Loss of collagen is a cause of wrinkles. While... ... Consider a fish collagen supplement. Collagen from fish can be ... Take a daily collagen supplement. Collagen supplements may help boost collagen in your body. You can opt for a supplement that ... Explore this Article Increasing Collagen through Diet Boosting Collagen through Supplements Boosting Collagen with Skincare ...

https://www.wikihow.com/Increase-Collagen

Nya Collagen Plus - nu med nypon. Pressmeddelanden • Maj 19, 2016 09:39 CEST Den mycket populära Collagen plus har nu fått ännu ...

http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/battre-halsa/images/collagen-plus-564329

... News - 02 April 2020 - Communication TNW Collagen is the glue that holds our bodies together. It can ... Collagen networks take different forms depending on a tissues function. In this image you can see collagen purified from human ... Weve been doing fundamental research into collagen for some time now and asked ourselves: what makes collagen networks so ... In addition to the fact that collagen networks are more flexible than collagen fibers, the networks have another advantage: ...

https://www.tudelft.nl/en/2020/tnw/the-strength-of-collagen/

Collagen, and to a lesser extent, elastin, were among... ... Collagen Molecule Lysyl Oxidase Byssal Thread Bovine Articular ... Tanzer, M. L., and Waite, J. H., 1982, Collagen cross-linking, Collagen Rel. Res., 2:177.Google Scholar ... Siegel, R. C., 1976, Collagen cross-linking. Synthesis of collagen cross-links in vitro with highly purified lysyl oxidase, J. ... Collagen structural microheterogeneity and a possible role for glycosylated hydroxylysine in type I collagen, Proc. Natl. Acad ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7636-1_5

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/307/5716/1687.2

Collagen V. Collagen V. Collagen V is found in placenta, amnion, chorion, and cornea. Modulate the proliferative response of ... Collagen I. Collagen I. Use Corning Collagen I surface to culture endothelial cells, hepatocytes, muscle cells, breast ... Collagen III. Collagen III. Enhance the research of collagen fibrillogenesis in normal cardiovascular development with Corning ... Collagen VI. Collagen VI. Enhance the success of specialized tasks in tissue organization and cell functionality through the ...

https://www.corning.com/tw/zh_tw/products/life-sciences/products/surfaces/collagens.html

Green Foods , Vibrant Collagens, Coconut Milk Collagen Creamer, Plain, 3.38 oz (96 g). ... Green Foods , Vibrant Collagens, Energizing Collagen Matcha, Original, 2.47 oz (70 g). ... LifeTime Vitamins, Liquid Collagen Plus Vitamin C, Berry Flavor, 5,000 mg, 16 fl oz (473 ml). ... Mercola, Organic Collagen Powder From Grass Fed Beef Bone Broth, Chocolate, 14.81 oz (420 g). ...

https://www.iherb.com/c/collagen?p=11

Doctors Best, Collagen Types 1 and 3 with Peptan and Vitamin C, 1,000 mg, 180 Tablets. ... appliednutrition, Liquid Collagen, Skin Revitalization, Tropical Strawberry & Kiwi Flavored, 10 Liquid-Tubes, 10 ml Each. ... Doctors Best, Pure Collagen Types 1 and 3 Powder, 7.1 oz (200 g). ... California Gold Nutrition, CollagenUP, Marine Hydrolyzed Collagen + Hyaluronic Acid + Vitamin C, Unflavored, 7.26 oz (206 g). ...

https://www.iherb.com/c/collagen

An apparatus for shrinkage of collagen tissue by application of coherent infrared energy, in which the threshold shrinkage ... and is enhanced by using a corneal collagen shield is provided as a carrier and delivery agent for the reagent and an admixed ... An apparatus for controlled thermal shrinkage of collagen tissue by irradiation with coherent energy in the wavelength band of ... Irradiation of collagen with such energy is controlled to elevate the collagen temperature to at least 23 C. above normal body ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5484432?dq=5,960,411

Find out what you should include in your diet to promote healthy collagen production for a radiant complexion. ... Can foods rich in collagen-boosting proteins reverse signs of aging? ... Thats because the collagen you get from your diet doesnt go straight to your skin like an injectable filler would. The upside ... Cut back on sugar and you may protect the collagen you already have. Fill up on vitamin C foods and you might get fewer new ...

https://www.webmd.com/diet/video/video-collagen-foods-wrinkles

Disclosed is an artificial membrane comprising a product made by cross-linking molecules of interpenetrating denatured collagen ... Non-antigenic collagen and articles of manufacture. US4409332 *. Jan 12, 1982. Oct 11, 1983. Jefferies Steven R. Collagen- ... Collagen products and methods for producing collagen products. US20090187257 *. Nov 20, 2008. Jul 23, 2009. Fearnot Neal E. ... Methods for Collagen Processing and Products Using Processed Collagen. US20080213335 *. Oct 31, 2007. Sep 4, 2008. Cook William ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5141747?dq=U.S.+patent+number+7,325,728&ei=Y93TTteOAe702wW6uqi1BQ

Through precise manipulation at a structural level, collagen can also be used as a construction material in the laboratory or ... but collagen is remarkably strong. The most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, it gives strength and structure to skin, ... As a natural material, collagen is ideal for these biomimetic applications. By shaping it into porous structures, collagen acts ... As the collagen cannot incorporate into ice, it gathers around the edges of the crystals. When the pressure around the ice is ...

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/body-builders-collagen-scaffolds

Shop collagen supplements now, and pay later in 4 interest-free payments with Klarna! ... Discover the best collagen supplements at Sephora! ... Collagen Protect™ Vegan Creamer for Hair, Skin & Nails. $32.00 ...

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Marine Collagen at Sephora. This easy-to-use, ingestible powder lets you sip your way to plump skin, shiny hair, and strong ... What Else You Need to Know: Looking to improve your skincare routine? Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Peptides provides the ... Vital Proteins ingestible collagen products help people feel better and live fuller lives through whole-food-based nutrition. ... 1 Scoop of Marine Collagen Peptides. -1 knob fresh ginger, grated. -1 kiwi, sliced. -1 c coconut water. Add all ingredients to ...

https://www.sephora.com/product/marine-collagen-P433640?skuId=2131506&icid2=vital_proteins_from_the_brand_121118_carousel:p433640:product

Collagen Pills. <. >", "path": "https://www.yogajournal.com/osp/the-best-collagen-pills/", "listing_type": "archive", "location ... ": "https://www.yogajournal.com/osp/the-best-collagen-pills/", "listing_type": "archive", "location": "list", "title": "The ...

https://www.yogajournal.com/tag/collagen-pills/

Methods and devices are described for using a controlled extensional strain to organize prefibrillar collagen and/or elastin ... Collagens can be any collagen known in the art (e.g., one of collagen Type 1-29, including but not limited to I, II, III, IV, V ... Synthetic collagen can include collagen produced by any artificial means, and numerous methods for producing collagens and ... Some collagens useful in the methods and devices described herein include, but are not limited to, collagen Types I, II, III, ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/10213523.html

Collagen Supplement Benefits. The Collagen Trend: Why These Supplements Matter For Exercise and Health October 19, 2017 by ... Supplements deliver the collagen or collagen peptides to your body in a way that can increase your levels directly. The ... For athletic performance. Collagen is a protein; adding collagen into your diet also means adding in protein. For example, ... adding two scoops of a collagen supplement like Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides adds an extra 18 grams of protein to whatever ...

https://www.popsugar.com/fitness/Collagen-Supplement-Benefits-41908376

The pathophysiology of wound healing in the bowel wall suggests that collagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have an ... Stumpf M, Cao W, Klinge U, Klosterhalfen B, Junge K, Krones CJ, Schumpelick V (2005) Reduced expression of collagen type I and ... Wess L, Eastwood MA, Wess TJ, Busuttil A, Miller A (1995) Cross linking of collagen is increased in colonic diverticulosis. Gut ... Jorgensen LN, Kallehave F, Christensen E, Siana JE, Gottrup F (1998) Less collagen production in smokers. Br J Surg 123(4):450- ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10029-006-0149-4

Collagen peptides are very small pieces of protein from animal collagen. (medlineplus.gov)
Collagen peptides are made by breaking down whole collagen proteins into smaller pieces. (medlineplus.gov)
When taken by mouth, collagen peptides seem to build up in the skin and cartilage. (medlineplus.gov)
Collagen peptides are used for aging skin and osteoarthritis. (medlineplus.gov)
Don't confuse collagen peptides with collagen type I (native), collagen type II (native), or gelatin. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking collagen peptides by mouth seems to improve skin hydration and skin elasticity in older people. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking collagen peptides by mouth might slightly relieve pain and improve joint function in people with knee osteoarthritis. (medlineplus.gov)
There is interest in using collagen peptides for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful. (medlineplus.gov)
Collagen peptides are possibly safe. (medlineplus.gov)
Collagen peptides have been safely used in doses up to 10 grams daily for up to 5 months. (medlineplus.gov)
There isn't enough reliable information to know if collagen peptides are safe to use when pregnant or breast-feeding. (medlineplus.gov)
Collagen peptides have most often been used by adults in doses of 2.5-10 grams daily for up to 6 months. (medlineplus.gov)
Effects of collagen peptides on recovery following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained males-A pilot study. (medlineplus.gov)
Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation with and without collagen peptides on bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. (medlineplus.gov)
Vital Protein's Marine Collagen Peptides provides the boost you need to achieve shiny hair, glowing skin, and stronger nails. (sephora.com)
Sustainably Sourced Snapper Scale Collagen Peptides. (sephora.com)
Supplements deliver the collagen or collagen peptides to your body in a way that can increase your levels directly. (popsugar.com)
For example, adding two scoops of a collagen supplement like Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides adds an extra 18 grams of protein to whatever you're eating and drinking. (popsugar.com)
The other is that you simply produce more collagen by feeding your body peptides, the short chains of amino acids your cells use as collagen building blocks. (cnn.com)
In fact, according to Zeichner, high levels of collagen peptides may actually trick the body into thinking its natural collagen is breaking down, stimulating the formation of new collagen as a result. (cnn.com)
Collagen peptides are more than a beauty buzzword. (spafinder.com)
10 g collagen peptides. (wegmans.com)
The Rice lab of Jeffrey Hartgerink has been studying synthetic collagen for a decade, teasing out the details of how it starts as three distinct peptides that twist into characteristic triple helices. (eurekalert.org)
Collagen forms from helical arrangements of three protein chains, also called peptides. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers made two classes of synthetic collagen peptides with the same chemical components but different arrangements and showed those with extensive sticky ends quickly self-assembled into fibers. (eurekalert.org)
Amino acid peptides are the building blocks to collagen. (mcall.com)
These peptides enhance collagen production. (mcall.com)
Yu's method, however, requires only physical mixing of collagen with even smaller molecules called collagen mimetic peptides. (newswise.com)
They attached fluorescent tags to the peptides and observed the glow in collagen that had been mixed with the smaller molecules. (newswise.com)
Exactly how and why the collagen and the peptides join is uncertain. (newswise.com)
Yu speculates that because the smaller collagen mimetic peptides have a propensity to make similar triple-helix structures, they are naturally attracted to collagen molecules. (newswise.com)
He believes the peptides make themselves at home within gaps formed by loose collagen strands. (newswise.com)
When the peptides bind with collagen, these attached agents can dramatically change the way collagen behaves in the body. (newswise.com)
In their recent journal paper, Yu and his colleagues reported that they had attached a chemical, polyethylene glycol, to the peptides, causing collagen to repel cells instead of attracting them. (newswise.com)
In another study , women who took supplements made from either pig or fish collagen peptides had improved skin hydration and collagen density after two months of taking the pills. (huffingtonpost.com)
Our research focuses on specific collagen peptides," says Steffen Oesser, PhD, director of the Collagen Research Institute in Kiel, Germany. (huffingtonpost.com)
We found out that different collagen peptides or collagen hydrolysates could have different effects in terms of their efficacy, and some collagen peptides had no effects," says Osser. (huffingtonpost.com)
Oesser adds that although topical beauty products can temporarily help reduce wrinkles, the specific collagen peptides he has studied have longer-term effects. (huffingtonpost.com)
Collagen Peptides, Whey Powder, Whole Milk Powder, Natural Flavouring (contains Milk and Soy ), Sweetener: Steviol Glycoside. (hollandandbarrett.com)
Athletes with knee problems who took 5 grams of collagen peptides for 12 weeks experienced a significant reduction in exercise-related knee pain. (livestrong.com)
do you use this in addition to the vital proteins collagen peptides? (gnc.com)
I'm hoping collagen peptides will help! (babycenter.com)
My postpartem hair loss is horrible and my OB said theres nothing I can so but hope it evens out around 6 month mark (thats when it did with my first) but I keep seeing these ads for collagen peptides and have been curious. (babycenter.com)
Collagen Peptides nourish your body's collagen production and support healthy joints, skin, hair, and bones. (wellnessresources.com)
This formula contains collagen peptides and phytoceramides to help build your collagen strength. (wellnessresources.com)
Here, we present caged collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that can be photo-triggered to fold into triple helix and bind to collagens denatured by heat or by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) digestion. (pnas.org)
Naked Collagen is a zero-calorie supplement with only one ingredient - bovine hide collagen peptides. (newsmax.com)
I mean what are bovine hide collagen peptides? (newsmax.com)
We analyzed and compared popular collagen hydrolysates and peptides with ingredients including Verisol, UC-II, NeoCell, and BioCell and reviewed the clinical research behind them. (consumerlab.com)
The bottled elixir beverage is made with two forms of absorbable collagen protein: Naticol fish collagen peptides and KollaGen II-xs. (trendhunter.com)
Alpha collagen is specifically designed to deliver specific ratios of α- chain peptides as building blocks. (wikipedia.org)
The targeted cells can process the α- chain peptides to form triple helix collagen, and replenish the collagen in the targeted site. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists believe that Alpha collagen can help to deliver specific ratios of peptides to benefit the targeted cells. (wikipedia.org)

Collagen makes up approximately 30% of the proteins within the body. (news-medical.net)
One of the most predominant proteins is called collagen. (news-medical.net)
Because of this, beauty seekers around the globe search for new ways to boost collagen levels and repair past collagen damage-some go so far as to inject collagen proteins into the skin to plump wrinkles and add volume to the lips. (nuskin.com)
The Company has filed its third patent application related to its non-oxidative drying technology that was designed to preserve the bioavailability of collagen matrix proteins. (cnbc.com)
In some places, for example in the skin, collagen proteins form fibrous networks that are very elastic. (tudelft.nl)
Vital Proteins' ingestible collagen products help people feel better and live fuller lives through whole-food-based nutrition. (sephora.com)
While collagen is found in animal proteins that you can eat naturally (like beef, for example), it's not typically in the cuts of meat you'd want to eat. (popsugar.com)
Some foods contain proteins and nutrients that the body needs to produce collagen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These proteins and nutrients are also available as collagen supplements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some foods contain proteins called amino acids , which the body can use to make, or synthesize, collagen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A 2019 study investigated concentrations of amino acids (AAs) in the blood following consumption of different collagen and dairy proteins and collagen-rich bone broth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The findings showed that the intake of collagen proteins increased the AA glycine, and the consumption of dairy proteins increased the AA leucine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
2. Material composed principally of collagen proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
Collagen is one of the long, fibrous structural proteins whose functions are quite different from those of globular proteins such as enzymes . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The chains, like all proteins, consist of amino acid like glycine and proline (two primary components of collagen) arranged in a certain order. (eurekalert.org)
Grass-fed, pasture-raised bovine collagen peptide proteins. (wellnessresources.com)
They are collagen proteins extracted from cows. (newsmax.com)
Production of collagen, one of the beauty proteins the body produces naturally, begins to slow down as early as age 30, and signs of aging begin to show. (prweb.com)
Collagen protein is one of a family of proteins found in the tissues of mammals. (wisegeek.com)
Collagen proteins are produced by the body from amino acids in the diet. (wisegeek.com)

Opt for a bovine collagen supplement that is made from grass-fed cows. (wikihow.com)
The low stability of FC is thought to be due to its low hydroxyproline content compared to that observed in bovine collagen [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, tilapia collagen is believed to be a powerful candidate for use in making a clinical scaffold as an alternative to bovine collagen. (hindawi.com)
Both human and bovine collagen is widely used as dermal fillers for treatment of wrinkles and skin aging. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the best collagen products for supporting joint and cartilage health are those supplements made from bovine collagen , which is derived from cows. (selfgrowth.com)
The other major advantage of bovine collagen is price - compared to other popular forms, like marine and especially shark collagen, bovine collagen is affordable for the average consumer. (selfgrowth.com)
What if we said you could enjoy bovine collagen at the same time? (hollandandbarrett.com)
Why bovine collagen? (hollandandbarrett.com)
Each serving of this creamer packs in 10g of high-quality bovine collagen, but why did Dose & Co choose to use this specific type? (hollandandbarrett.com)
Bovine collagen is known for its high bioavailability, e.g. how easily it is absorbed and digested in our bodies. (hollandandbarrett.com)
Gentell Collagen, a product derived from bovine collagen, is now available in a powdery particle form 1g bottle, or as dressing sheets in 2 x 2 , 4 x 5.25 , and 8 x 12 sizes, for the treatment of aggressive wounds. (webwire.com)

Effect of an oral preparation containing hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, hydrolyzed collagen type II and hydrolyzed keratin on synovial fluid features and clinical indices in knee osteoarthritis. (medlineplus.gov)
Within skin, the frame is the collagen, the springs are the elastic fibers, and the stuffing is the hyaluronic acid. (cnn.com)
Joint Bursts with Turmeric Curcumin combine collagen type 2, turmeric, and hyaluronic acid in a soft chew that is bursting with juicy tropical fruit flavor for targeted joint support. (mcssl.com)
Research also indicates that dietary supplements containing a mix of collagen, vitamins, minerals and hyaluronic acid may reduce wrinkles and boost skin hydration. (livestrong.com)
Collagen Booster contains Reserveage Organics' patent-pending Pro-Longevity Resveratrol Blend™ and BioCell Collagen®, a triad of collagen protein, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate that has been clinically shown in an open-label study to provide important components for the skin's collagen. (prweb.com)
Do collagen or hyaluronic acid supplements really help aging or wrinkled skin? (consumerlab.com)

Collagen is one of the materials that makes up cartilage, bone, and skin. (medlineplus.gov)
The microfibrillar structure of collagen fibrils in tendon, cornea and cartilage has been directly imaged by electron microscopy. (news-medical.net)
In this image you can see collagen purified from human cartilage (left), cowhide (middle) and a rat's tail (right). (tudelft.nl)
Through precise manipulation at a structural level, collagen can also be used as a construction material in the laboratory or clinic to help regenerate new tissue, repair damaged cartilage and bone, or aid in the development of new therapies for cardiac disease, blood disorders and cancer. (cam.ac.uk)
Cartilage mainly contains this type of collagen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen VI is also found in the interstitial space of many tissues including muscle, tendon, skin, cartilage, and intervertebral discs. (nih.gov)
Collagen is common in many types of connective tissue , such as loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, reticular connective tissue, bone , and cartilage . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Depending upon the degree of mineralization, collagen tissues may be either rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). (wikipedia.org)
With age, collagen weakens, leading to wrinkles and cartilage problems. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Among the most common are type II collagen, which is found in bones and cartilage, and type I and III, which play a major role in skin health. (selfgrowth.com)
Animal skin, bones and cartilage, the main ingredients used to prepare this food, are all rich in collagen. (livestrong.com)
Collagen supplements come in pill and liquid form, and because collagen is found in your skin, bones and cartilage, you can combine it with other supplements. (howstuffworks.com)
Collagen is a a fibrous protein found in skin, bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissues throughout the body. (hubpages.com)
The content of collagen in cartilage is different between joints and soft tissue structures. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen supplementation has been shown in research studies (in vitro and in vivo) to increase the thickness or volume of the cartilage tissue. (wikipedia.org)

Collagen supplements may help boost collagen in your body. (wikihow.com)
These supplements are made from egg shell membranes and can help your body build collagen. (wikihow.com)
Multiple studies have shown the beneficial effects of collagen supplements on the skin . (popsugar.com)
The same study also noted that collagen supplements have been shown to be beneficial for patients with osteoarthritis. (popsugar.com)
Beef, pork and marine life are all popular sources for collagen supplements, which offer the protein in a hydrolyzed form. (cnn.com)
The supplements specifically contain high amounts of three amino acids that are key building blocks for collagen synthesis in the body: glycine, proline and hydroxyproline. (cnn.com)
The supplements usually come in a protein powder form, or as a pill -- although collagen protein bars and gummies also exist. (cnn.com)
We also list the various collagen supplements available. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some people may want to increase their collagen intake by taking supplements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Below is some research into two key health benefits of collagen-boosting foods and supplements. (medicalnewstoday.com)
One of the criticisms of collagen supplements is that they are broken down and destroyed by acids and enzymes in the gut. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A small 2015 study investigated the effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplements on skin health and appearance in post-menopausal women. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen supplements promise restorative effects in the form of pills, creams and injections. (ehow.co.uk)
However, it's best to know the realities of collagen's effects before you spend money on collagen treatments--and about the risks you might take in using certain types of collagen supplements. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen supplements are supposed to reverse this natural loss. (ehow.co.uk)
There are many forms of collagen supplements. (ehow.co.uk)
Oral collagen supplements in pill or liquid form promise to help ease arthritis, aid weight loss efforts, build muscle and rejuvenate skin. (ehow.co.uk)
The actual effects of collagen supplements are debatable. (ehow.co.uk)
There are few studies on the effects of collagen supplements in easing conditions such as osteoarthritis. (ehow.co.uk)
Oral collagen supplements mainly pose a danger if you have food sensitivities. (ehow.co.uk)
If you'd like to try oral collagen supplements, be aware that the supplement industry is not regulated--so it's hard to know the potency of the collagen you're taking. (ehow.co.uk)
Be sure to tell your doctor that you're trying collagen supplements. (ehow.co.uk)
It is difficult for our bodies to make use of artificial collagen protein found in supplements and it's doubtful it would be absorbed in enough quantity to make a difference to the skin. (express.co.uk)
Can Collagen Supplements Help Manage Joint Pain? (selfgrowth.com)
The key: collagen supplements. (selfgrowth.com)
Collagen supplements have become extremely popular in the last few years, but they aren't all created equal. (selfgrowth.com)
When we ingest collagen supplements, it's not as though complete collagen molecules migrate to the sites where it's needed. (selfgrowth.com)
Foods high in vitamin C and sulfur aid in the development of collagen as do some bone broths and collagen protein powders and supplements. (huffingtonpost.com)
But bone broth and collagen supplements are more effective, because they strengthen your skin from the inside. (huffingtonpost.com)
However, there is some research on collagen supplements. (huffingtonpost.com)
From collagen supplements and anti-aging creams to hair masks and shampoos, there are thousands of options available. (livestrong.com)
However, dietary supplements are not the only sources of collagen. (livestrong.com)
When combined with strength training, collagen supplements may increase muscle strength and improve body composition. (livestrong.com)
Other sources claim that bone broth is unlikely to provide sufficient amounts of amino acids and other collagen precursors and that it may be inferior to supplements. (livestrong.com)
It might be easy to jump to the conclusion that taking collagen supplements for your skin would help, just as you can take calcium supplements to maintain strong bones. (howstuffworks.com)
Collagen supplements may be mixed with glucosamine or chondroitin, two supplements used for joint and arthritis problems. (howstuffworks.com)
However, if you don't have joint problems, you might want to opt for collagen hydrolysate or collagen peptide supplements instead. (howstuffworks.com)
As with any treatment, how soon someone see results after taking collagen supplements will vary from person to person. (howstuffworks.com)
We hypothesized that taking dietary supplements such as resveratrol and collagen could enhance skin and body satisfaction. (prweb.com)
Are there collagen supplements for vegetarians and vegans? (consumerlab.com)
Are there side effects from collagen supplements? (consumerlab.com)
Fortunately there are a wide range of collagen protein supplements available should a deficiency be identified. (wisegeek.com)
Many of these supplements combine collagen protein compounds with other protein sources such as predigested whey . (wisegeek.com)
There have also been claims, some as far back as the 1970s, that collagen protein supplements may aid in weight loss, although these are largely without any scientific basis and should be considered with caution. (wisegeek.com)
I would have thought you would need to take collagen supplements to see a benefit. (wisegeek.com)

Gelatin used in food is collagen that has been irreversibly hydrolyzed. (news-medical.net)
All in all, it seems like there are no harmful side effects, so it can't hurt to try - especially since collagen is even easier to digest than gelatin. (popsugar.com)
Collagen is converted into gelatin when boiled in water. (thefreedictionary.com)
Gelatin is a form of hydrolyzed collagen which brings a ready supply of four essential amino acids: glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and glutamic acid. (ehow.co.uk)
The latter showed the contributions for hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposite, genipin modification of dentin collagen, dentin phosphophoryn/collagen composite for dental biomaterial, and biological safety of fish collagen. (hindawi.com)
Gelatin Beef Hide Gelatin and Great Lakes Gelatin Collagen Hydrolysate are their leading products. (reference.com)
From gelatin and bone broth to certain fruits, collagen occurs naturally in various foods. (livestrong.com)
Along with bone broth, gelatin is touted as one of the healthiest collagen foods. (livestrong.com)
When boiled, collagen becomes gelatin, which is a good source of protein and amino acids. (livestrong.com)
A 2017 study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition indicates that vitamin C-enriched gelatin may improve collagen synthesis and promote tissue repair when consumed before exercise. (livestrong.com)
Since gelatin is denatured collagen, it might just improve your body's own collagen levels. (howstuffworks.com)
Photo-triggered hybridization allows specific staining of collagen chains in protein gels as well as photo-patterning of collagen and gelatin substrates. (pnas.org)

With decreased collagen, the skin loses its natural elasticity and firmness, and fine lines, wrinkles and sagging appear. (google.com)
Collagen wards off wrinkles and fine lines. (webmd.com)
Collagen injections are used to decrease the appearance of wrinkles and furrows . (everything2.com)
The breakdown of healthy collagen and the decline in collagen production leads to the development of unwanted wrinkles and the appearance of aged skin. (nuskin.com)
Loss of collagen is a cause of wrinkles. (wikihow.com)
Video: Can Collagen-Boosting Foods Erase Wrinkles? (webmd.com)
SPEAKER: Have you heard you can eat away wrinkles with foods that help your body make more collagen? (webmd.com)
The way they work is twofold: One is that the supplement's amino acids may protect the body's existing collagen by functioning as antioxidants, where they block the action of enzymes that break down collagen and ultimately prevent the development of wrinkles, Farris explained. (cnn.com)
Collagen creams promise to help prevent wrinkles and renew older faces. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen injections make the skin appear fuller, eliminating facial wrinkles. (ehow.co.uk)
Fillers that contain collagen can be used cosmetically to remove lines and wrinkles from the face. (medicalnewstoday.com)
According to AMA Skincare, a collagen lift is a type of skin treatment that attempts to remove wrinkles, shrink pores and reduce sagging by preserving and restoring the collagen in the skin. (reference.com)
As we get older, we make less collagen, resulting in wrinkles, thinner hair and more brittle bones. (huffingtonpost.com)
Most skin care creams and anti-wrinkles serums that boast about having collagen in the product, don't actually work. (articlealley.com)
When it comes to reducing wrinkles and maintaining younger, smoother skin, nothing is more essential than collagen. (articlealley.com)
Collagen is instrumental in keeping your skin's elasticity in tact, allowing it to move properly and not form wrinkles. (articlealley.com)
With 6,600mg of collagen type 1 & 3 to minimize fine lines & wrinkles, improves skin elasticity, thickens fine hair, strengthens nails, supports bone strength, and promotes fat burning. (mcssl.com)
The rich marine and plant actives in the world renowned Pro-Collagen formulations work to delicately smooth and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. (elemis.com)
This open-label pilot study by the university's College of Health and Human Performance, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, examined the effect of Collagen Booster on 29 healthy women ages 35 - 70 who reported dissatisfaction with signs of aging such as facial lines and wrinkles. (prweb.com)
Find the best collagen supplement for wrinkles and joint pain based on independent testing and review by ConsumerLab.com. (consumerlab.com)
Collagen for Wrinkles? (consumerlab.com)
If collagen cream is applied to the skin it repairs the texture of the skin and reduces the effect of wrinkles. (hubpages.com)
Because collagen cream may contain other ingredients such as retinol and hydroxy acids they do seem to lessen wrinkles. (hubpages.com)
It is used to get rid of wrinkles because it fills out the saggy layers of skin with the strength of the collagen and other products in the cream. (hubpages.com)
Collagen cream for the eyes will reduce wrinkles under the eyes and get rid of crow's feet. (hubpages.com)
The collagen cream will tighten the skin and get rid of wrinkles as the cream hydrates the skin. (hubpages.com)

One way to boost your body's collagen is by eating foods that support natural collagen production. (wikihow.com)
There are also certain foods you can eat ( turmeric is a good one) to increase your body's natural collagen production, but you won't get the same volume as you would with a supplement. (popsugar.com)
Collagen injections replenish the skin's natural collagen. (medicinenet.com)
Naturel Collagen Canada is proud to provide the best of their industry to their valued customers, and is excited to now be providing the Natural Collagen Pure Gold Mask. (prweb.com)
Naturel Collagen Canada is based in Thornhill, Ontario and is a distributor of Natural Collagen, Natural Collagen Skin care products and Natural Collagen supplement. (prweb.com)
Endogenous collagen is natural collagen, synthesized by the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A number of biomaterials use natural collagen, and there are advantages to replacing them with synthetic collagens," he said. (eurekalert.org)
Decreased collagen levels can also be caused by a diet low in natural collagen sources, like meat, fish and dairy are the most common reasons for wanting to take a collagen supplement. (hollandandbarrett.com)
There is a product called Cynergy TK that helps the body produce natural collagen and elastin and therefore restores the skin naturally. (hubpages.com)

Do you have any recommendations for a collagen supplement? (news-medical.net)
You can also increase collagen by taking a supplement. (wikihow.com)
Cooking can interfere with an egg's membranes, so an egg collagen supplement is the best way to go. (wikihow.com)
Take a daily collagen supplement. (wikihow.com)
Talk to your doctor before starting to take a collagen supplement. (wikihow.com)
Consider a fish collagen supplement. (wikihow.com)
Try an egg-based collagen supplement. (wikihow.com)
If you are a vegetarian, or if you do not want to consume a collagen supplement made from animals, you should try an egg-based alternative. (wikihow.com)
Whether you're an athlete, trying to get better skin, or looking to improve your bone health, there's a supplement you need to know about: collagen. (popsugar.com)
At a beautiful outdoor breakfast in Nantucket, MA, I was introduced to collagen as a supplement for the first time, and it came in the form of pancakes, waters, and matcha lattes, with special (tasteless! (popsugar.com)
A 2008 study showed " improvement of joint pain in athletes " with a dietary collagen supplement. (popsugar.com)
Ingestible collagen, the protein supplement that's skyrocketed in popularity , is said to help improve all of those things. (cnn.com)
Taking a collagen supplement, Zeichner said, "is similar to what your body would experience after a steak dinner, except without the fat. (cnn.com)
Consult a physician before beginning any regular use of hydrolyzed collagen as a nutritive supplement. (ehow.co.uk)
While there are no studies on side effects of chicken-based hydrolyzed collagen, other chicken-based supplement products have been known to cause nausea, heartburn, diarrhoea, constipation, drowsiness, skin reactions, and headache. (ehow.co.uk)
Dietary Supplement 10 g collagen per serving. (wegmans.com)
Great Lakes Collagen is a pure, versatile dietary supplement made from ONE simple ingredient. (reference.com)
Does eating foods with collagen or taking a collagen supplement lead to healthier skin and joints? (reference.com)
For those worried about joint health, then, it's important to pick a collagen supplement that will help bolster type II collagen production - but which type is that? (selfgrowth.com)
She recommends having at least one cup of bone broth (like the one below) and a collagen supplement or collagen protein powder daily, along with applying lotion with collagen topically. (huffingtonpost.com)
In a 2014 study, women took either a 2.5- or 5-gram collagen hydrolysate supplement or a placebo daily for eight weeks. (huffingtonpost.com)
However, this doesn't mean that just any supplement-or collagen protein powder or bone broth-has the same effect. (huffingtonpost.com)
As this affordable collagen powder has an indulgently creamy vanilla taste, it will feel like a treat more than a supplement. (hollandandbarrett.com)
Wondering 'What's the best collagen supplement? (livestrong.com)
If you are not sure whether taking a collagen supplement is right for you, ask your doctor. (howstuffworks.com)
Widely known as a cosmetic supplement in the beauty industry, collagen use is now trending as a consumable supplement. (businesswire.com)
A University of Florida research study published October 2 in the Natural Medicine Journal1 finds preliminary support that the dietary supplement, Collagen Booster™ by Reserveage™ Organics, which contains resveratrol and BioCell Collagen®, can reduce facial pore size and help improve a woman's satisfaction with her appearance. (prweb.com)
Does collagen taken as a supplement help with arthritis? (consumerlab.com)
Collagen deficiencies are most commonly caused by genetic defects and nutritional imbalances and may be alleviated by using a collagen protein supplement . (wisegeek.com)
Alpha collagen is designed to be used as a supplement for osteoarthritis, based on the theory of the different environments of the extracellular matrix (ECM). (wikipedia.org)

Collagen, keratin and elastin give the skin its strength, elasticity and structure. (google.com)
Sangsuwan W, Asawanonda P. Four-weeks daily intake of oral collagen hydrolysate results in improved skin elasticity, especially in sun-exposed areas: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (medlineplus.gov)
Collagen is vital for skin elasticity. (news-medical.net)
Collagen is everywhere in our body, and although it is naturally very elastic, there are limits to that elasticity. (tudelft.nl)
Under tension, the triple helix coils tight, resisting stretching, and making collagen valuable for structure and support, while giving bones some elasticity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
If it takes longer than a few seconds then your skin is losing collagen and elasticity. (express.co.uk)
Both collagen groups saw significant improvements in skin elasticity, researchers reported . (huffingtonpost.com)
Skin Rejuvenator™ contains powerful nutrients to improve skin elasticity and moisture, strengthen collagen, and revitalize the skin. (wellnessresources.com)
Collagen plays an important role to maintain skin's moisture and elasticity. (hubpages.com)
Using collagen creme restores the skin's elasticity. (hubpages.com)
The ratio and the proportion of collagen play an important role in the tensile and compressive strength, as well as the elasticity of the tissue. (wikipedia.org)

About a third of the protein content in your body is made up of collagen, which is found in the bones, muscles, and tissues of the organs. (google.com)
Poor collagen levels also affect the bones, and this picture (left) shows how collagen loss affects facial shape in extreme age degeneration. (google.com)
In fact, bones are also composed of collagen combined with certain minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. (nuskin.com)
The mesh-like collagen network binds cells together and provides the supportive framework or environment in which cells develop and function, and tissues and bones heal. (nuskin.com)
Most of it is type I collagen, found in bones and tendons. (kidshealth.org)
Another study observed the growing bones of rats and concluded that collagen did in fact increase bone mass - something to think about, since women struggle with bone density more than men. (popsugar.com)
According to research done by the Radiocarbon Laboratory, at the University of Waikato in New Zealand, approximately 30 percent of bones are made up of organic materials, of which collagen makes up to 95 percent. (livestrong.com)
Over time, the amount of collagen in the body decreases, leading to sagging skin and deteriorating bones. (ehow.co.uk)
[5] Collagen also has many medical uses in treating complications of the bones and skin. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, found in the bones, muscles, skin, and tendons. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen occurs throughout the body, but especially in the skin, bones, and connective tissues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen promotes blood clotting and provides the sponge-like scaffold upon which cells build nerves, bones and skin. (newswise.com)
Collagen is a protein that provides support to various parts of the body, including the skin, the joints, bones and ligaments. (bellaonline.com)
Collagen is a protein that builds skin, bones and collective tissue. (huffingtonpost.com)
Collagen is a protein that's a major building block of your skin, bones, and connective tissue," Kellyann Petrucci , a naturopathic doctor and author of Dr. Kellyann's Bone Broth Diet , tells Clean Plates . (huffingtonpost.com)
Collagen is a major structural protein in the human body (found in skin, joints, bones, blood vessels, and connective tissues). (ebay.ca)
In vivo experiments demonstrate that systemically delivered CMPs can bind to collagens in bones, as well as prominently in articular cartilages and tumors characterized by high MMP activity. (pnas.org)
Can it really increase collagen production and strengthen hair, skin, nails and bones? (consumerlab.com)
Collagen has many medical uses in treating complications of the bones and skin. (wikipedia.org)

Collagen, and to a lesser extent, elastin, were among the earliest of this group to be studied in more detail than the proteoglycans and adhesive glycoproteins. (springer.com)
Evidence for and oxidative pathway in the maturation of collagen and elastin, Biochim. (springer.com)
Methods and devices are described for using a controlled extensional strain to organize prefibrillar collagen and/or elastin solutions into an organized array of fibrils. (freepatentsonline.com)
Collagen and elastin are important structural components of the skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This makes it unique because it is supported by the intensive regenerative abilities of collagen, elastin, vitamin B3, vitamin E, aloe, and the moisturizing properties of sodium PCA found in human skin. (prweb.com)
Collagen provides structure to the skin, and works hand in hand with another protein, called elastin, to allow skin the flexibility it needs to stretch and return to its original state as your body moves. (livestrong.com)
Cutting sugar is also helpful as sugar destroys collagen and elastin. (huffingtonpost.com)
Both collagen and elastin keep the skin soft and smooth. (hubpages.com)

An atomic-force-microscopy image of collagen fibrils in a collagen fiber. (news-medical.net)
Collagen microscopically occurs in elongated fibrils. (news-medical.net)
The organized array of collagen fibrils produced by the disclosed methods and devices can be used for tissue engineering applications. (freepatentsonline.com)
Collagen fibrils are collagen molecules packed into an organized overlapping bundle. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Collagen fibers are bundles of fibrils. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Collagen consists of amino acids wound together to form triple- helices to form of elongated fibrils . (wikipedia.org)
Some types of collagen fibrils, gram-for-gram, are stronger than steel. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In most collagens, the molecules are packed together to form long, thin fibrils. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Type 1 collagen fibrils are particularly capable of being stretched. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The collagen particles (e.g., fibrils) of the fiber, preferably, have a hemostatic activity that is equivalent to the hemostatic activity of the collagen. (google.es)
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collagen fibrils comprise microfibrillar collagen fibrils. (google.es)
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the collagen fibrils have a bulk density in the range of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 lbs/ft 3 . (google.es)
15. The product of claim 14 , wherein the collagen fibrils comprise microfibrillar collagen fibrils. (google.es)

The collagen IV C4 domain at the C-terminus is not removed in post-translational processing, and the fibers link head-to-head, rather than in parallel. (wikipedia.org)
As antioxidants fight free radicals from UV light, ozone, pollution, cigarette smoke, and internal metabolic processes, they prevent the degradation of existing collagen fibers and protect the healthy function of fibroblast cells. (nuskin.com)
In addition to the fact that collagen networks are more flexible than collagen fibers, the networks have another advantage: they can withstand greater forces before they break down. (tudelft.nl)
Collagen fibers, such as those in tendons, can be stretched only about twenty percent before they tear,' says Koenderink. (tudelft.nl)
Tough bundles of collagen, called "collagen fibers" are a major component of the extracellular matrix that supports most tissues and gives cells structure from the outside, but collagen is also found inside certain cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Collagen fibers provide your muscles with the strength and structure needed to move and function throughout the day. (livestrong.com)
Collagen fibers not only make up your skeletal muscle fibers, but they also make up your smooth muscles (such as those in the bladder and reproductive system) and your cardiac (heart) muscles. (livestrong.com)
Rice University researchers have delivered a scientific one-two punch with a pair of papers that detail how synthetic collagen fibers self-assemble via their sticky ends. (eurekalert.org)
The collagen fibers of the invention and hemostatic fabrics formed thereof optionally include hemostatic agents and/or other therapeutic agents, to further promote hemostasis and wound healing. (google.es)
2. A sterile surgical collagen product having a felt- or fleece-like structure with open, communicating voids between the fibers, as obtained by the method according to claim 1. (google.com.au)

In nature, collagen is found exclusively in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals. (news-medical.net)
Collagen is an important protein in your skin and connective tissues. (wikihow.com)
Amino acids help promote collagen synthesis, and this could improve the health and function of the connective tissues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen / ˈ k ɒ l ə dʒ ɪ n / is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen protein has been shown to promote joint health, improve skin appearance, boost hair and nail strength, and provide structure to our connective tissues. (newsmax.com)
Collagen (/ˈkɒlədʒən/) is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix found in the body's various connective tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Serum Collagen IV concentrations correlate with hepatic tissue levels of collagen IV in subjects with alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C and fall following successful therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Serum Markers for Hepatic Fibrosis in Alcoholic Liver Disease: Which is the Best Marker, Type III Procollagen, Type IV Collagen, Laminin, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase, or Prolyl Hydroxylase? (wikipedia.org)
Collagen is a part of the connective tissue that in the skin helps in firmness, suppleness and constant renewal of skin cells. (news-medical.net)
Collagen is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. (news-medical.net)
In muscle tissue, collagen serves as a major component of endomysium. (news-medical.net)
Distribution and orientation of collagen directly relates to the function of the tissue . (everything2.com)
Collagen synthesis occurs continuously throughout our lives to repair and replace damaged collagen tissue or build new cellular structures. (nuskin.com)
People who developed these disorders were previously said to have "connective tissue" or "collagen vascular" disease. (medlineplus.gov)
GAINESVILLE, Fla., Feb. 11, 2015 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- AmnioLife Corporation, a human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products developer, today announced its plan to commercialize a minimally manipulated amniotic collagen matrix. (cnbc.com)
The researchers confined the collagen thus created between two plates, moving the upper one back and forth to exert forces on the tissue. (tudelft.nl)
An apparatus for controlled thermal shrinkage of collagen tissue by irradiation with coherent energy in the wavelength band of 1.80 to 2.55 microns as generated by a laser. (google.com)
An apparatus for shrinkage of collagen tissue by application. (google.com)
An apparatus for shrinkage of collagen tissue by application of coherent infrared energy, in which the threshold shrinkage temperature is substantially reduced by application of a reagent such as lysozyme to the tissue prior to heating. (google.com)
1. Apparatus for shrinking collagen tissue, comprising means for applying a reagent to the tissue to reduce threshold shrinkage temperature, and means for irradiating the tissue with energy having a wavelength in a range of about 1.80 to about 2.55 microns. (google.com)
2. Apparatus for shrinking collagen tissue, comprising means for applying a reagent to the tissue to reduce threshold shrinkage temperature, and means for irradiating the tissue with energy of infrared wavelength corresponding to corneal-collagen absorption coefficients in a range of about 15 to about 120 cm -1 . (google.com)
7. Apparatus according to either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the collagen tissue is corneal collagen tissue. (google.com)
9. Apparatus according to either claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the irradiation means includes means for irradiating the tissue with energy such that the temperature of the collagen tissue is raised sufficiently to cause the tissue to shrink but not so high as to cause any substantial damage to the tissue. (google.com)
10. Apparatus for modifying the shape of a cornea comprising means for applying a reagent to stromal collagen tissue of the cornea to reduce the threshold shrinkage temperature of the tissue to a range substantially above body temperature and below about 60 C., and means for irradiating the tissue with energy having a wavelength in a range of about 1.80 to 2.55 microns. (google.com)
By shaping it into porous structures, collagen acts as a 'scaffold' on which cells and tissue can grow in three dimensions in predetermined forms, mimicking those found in the body. (cam.ac.uk)
The idea of using collagen as a scaffold is not new, but the very high level of control that Cambridge researchers are able to achieve over its properties has made a huge range of clinical applications possible, including the repair of damaged joints or tissue, or accelerating the development of new therapies for cancer. (cam.ac.uk)
Collagen comes from connective tissue - the stuff you're cutting off your meat, typically. (popsugar.com)
Collagen vascular disease" is the name of a group of diseases that affect your connective tissue. (healthline.com)
Collagen is a protein-based connective tissue that forms a support system for your skin. (healthline.com)
Collagen vascular disease is sometimes also called connective tissue disease. (healthline.com)
Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals , making up about 25 percent of the total protein content. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The disease scurvy, traced to vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency, results when defective collagen prevents the formation of strong connective tissue. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Collagen strengthens blood vessels and plays a role in tissue development. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Collagen helps shape tissue and keep it strong and firm. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen constitutes one to two percent of muscle tissue and accounts for 6% of the weight of strong, tendinous muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Pathology of the collagen underpinning of the heart is understood within the category of connective tissue disease . (wikipedia.org)
Collagen is secreted by various cells, but mainly by connective tissue cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Discovering its secrets may lead to better synthetic collagen for tissue engineering and cosmetic and reconstructive medicine. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers have found a simple new way to modify collagen, paving the way for better infection-fighting bandages and a treatment to block the formation of unwanted scar tissue. (newswise.com)
In addition, tissue engineers may be able to use modified collagen in the lab to help control the formation of tiny new blood vessels that can be used to promote the integration of tissue implants in patients. (newswise.com)
For example, collagen normally attracts cells to close up a wound and form scar tissue. (newswise.com)
This form of collagen could stop the formation of blood clots and scar tissue, and scientists may be able to use it to control the shape and organization of cells and tissue that are grown in a lab, Yu says. (newswise.com)
Collagen is a type of connective tissue and is the most common protein in our bodies. (selfgrowth.com)
Collagen remodeling is an integral part of tissue development, maintenance, and regeneration, but excessive remodeling is associated with various pathologic conditions. (pnas.org)
Collagen reduces high levels of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) that break down connective tissue, allowing for increased speed in wound healing. (webwire.com)
Collagen protein is a critical component of healthy tissue structures in most areas of the body, and deficiencies may lead to serious physical ailments and premature aging. (wisegeek.com)
Collagen is a essential tissue building block and is found in large concentrations in fibrous connective tissue such as skin, tendons , and ligaments . (wisegeek.com)
The natural aging process in all humans also sees a gradual reduction in collagen production and the breakdown of existing collagen components of connective tissue. (wisegeek.com)

The truth is, that beauty Spice Yummyiagra 99% fish Collagen is a type of protein which when ingested, is broken down by the digestive system into individual amino acids to be recombined by cells according to their needs. (google.com)
Interactions of the amino-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain of type VII collagen with extracellular matrix components. (wikipedia.org)
The large non-collagenous domain (NC-1) of type VII collagen is amino-terminal and chimeric. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen is a protein made up of amino-acids, which are in turn built of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. (news-medical.net)
Collagen contains specific amino acids - Glycine, Proline, Hydroxyproline and Arginine. (news-medical.net)
Disclosed is an artificial membrane comprising a product made by cross-linking molecules of interpenetrating denatured collagen coupled at their lysine epsilon amino groups with a coupler through carbonyl groups, sulfonyl groups, or combination thereof on the coupler wherein non-coupled lysine epsilon. (google.com)
Disclosed is an artificial membrane comprising a product made by cross-linking molecules of interpenetrating denatured collagen coupled at their lysine epsilon amino groups with a coupler through carbonyl groups, sulfonyl groups, or combination thereof on the coupler wherein non-coupled lysine epsilon amino groups are bonded to a modifier wherein the modifier is a carbonyl sulfonyl, carbamoyl, or β-malic acid group. (google.com)
13. An artificial membrane comprising a product made by cross-linking molecules of interpenetrating denatured collagen coupled at their lysine epsilon amino groups with a coupler through carbonyl groups, sulfonyl groups, or combination thereof on the coupler. (google.com)
By adding small groups of amino acids known as peptide sequences to the surface of the scaffold at different points, the way in which the collagen interacts with the growing cells changes, altering the potential uses for the scaffold. (cam.ac.uk)
A distinctive feature of collagen is the regular arrangement of amino acids in each of the three chains of the collagen subunits. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Glycine, lysine and proline, some of the amino acids in Bulletproof Collagen Protein, are the building blocks your body uses to make muscles and sinew. (wegmans.com)
First, I explore the folding and assembly of the critically important C-terminal, globular propeptide domains of collagen-I. My data demonstrate the importance of a single amino acid in the globular C-terminal domain that regulates the oligomerization propensity of 30 kDa C-propeptide monomers. (mit.edu)
Ultimately, I show that this single amino acid guides the assembly of the C-propeptides of all the fibrillar collagens. (mit.edu)
Rather, most collagen products are made from what's known as hydrolyzed collagen, which means that it's been broken up into its component parts - in this case, into the many amino acids that make up collagen. (selfgrowth.com)
Our bodies then use those amino acids to generate more collagen, which is then recruited to the sites where it will be use, just as the knees and hands. (selfgrowth.com)
The reason this collagen is so beneficial for humans is because it is rich in glycine and proline, amino acids responsible for building DNA and RNA strands and collagen, respectively. (newsmax.com)
When this process is negatively affected by genetic defects or the lack of adequate dietary intake of natural amino acids, collagen deficiencies can arise. (wisegeek.com)
As with most essential elements though, natural sources are always best, and it is preferable to boost collagen production through increased amino acid intake in the diet. (wisegeek.com)
Collagen consists of amino acids bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. (wikipedia.org)

These are transported out of the fibroblast cells and later join together to form the complete collagen molecule. (nuskin.com)
The tropocollagen or "collagen molecule" subunit is a rod about 300 nm long and 1.5 nm in diameter. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Collagen creams may moisturise, but they don't actually provide extra collagen to the body, as the collagen molecule is too large to be absorbed by the skin. (ehow.co.uk)
The collagen IV molecule is 400 nm long and consists of two alpha 1 (IV) and one alpha 2 (IV) chains. (nih.gov)
Because the collagen is a large molecule the skin may not always absorb collagen. (hubpages.com)
Collagen is used in bone grafting as it has a triple helical structure, making it a very strong molecule. (wikipedia.org)

There is some covalent crosslinking within the triple helices, and a variable amount of covalent crosslinking between tropocollagen helices, to form the different types of collagen found in different mature tissues. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
There are at least 16 different types of collagen, but 80 to 90 percent of them belong to types 1, 2, and 3. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Rather, if you peruse the shelves or your local store, you'll find several different types of collagen. (selfgrowth.com)

Women produce less collagen than men, and this collagen is lost at a rate of about 1% per year. (google.com)
As a person ages, their body produces less collagen . (medicalnewstoday.com)
With age, the body produces less collagen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
If you are over 50 and producing less collagen more treatments may be required. (express.co.uk)
As we age, our bodies make less and less collagen. (huffingtonpost.com)

Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease. (medlineplus.gov)
What type of collagen is in Great Lakes collagen Hydrolysate? (reference.com)
Great Lakes Collagen Hydrolysate is Type l. (reference.com)
Collagen Hydrolysate Protein Powder Unflavored - 16 oz. (reference.com)

Collagen is a natural protein component of the skin that acts like a scaffold and the main building block for cells, tissues and organs. (google.com)
Collagen is also present in all the smooth muscle tissues, blood vessels digestive tract, heart, gallbladder, kidneys and bladder holding the cells and tissues together. (news-medical.net)
Probably such extensive interest reflects the great abundance of collagen, its widespread industrial applications, its purported roles in developmental biology, its phylogenetic diversity, and its primary role as the major structural polymer of most animal tissues. (springer.com)
In addition to its role as a molecular chaperone, Hsp47 synthesis always parallels that of collagen in developing tissues and various cell lines, and in collagen-related pathological conditions such as fibrosis. (nih.gov)
Collagen comprises a significant fraction of the necrotic soft tissues in chronic wounds. (medscape.com)
Exogenous collagen is used for medical and cosmetic purposes, including the repair of body tissues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen is the most common protein in mammals, a major component of bone and the fibrous tissues that support cells and hold organs together. (eurekalert.org)
As the most abundant protein in the human body, collagen is the building block of your cells and tissues. (livestrong.com)
This is an entirely new way to target the microenvironment of abnormal tissues and could lead to new opportunities for management of numerous pathologic conditions associated with collagen remodeling and high MMP activity. (pnas.org)
A sterile surgical collagen product which has a felt or fleece-like structure and which exerts a haemostatic action, has a high absorption capacity for body fluids, promotes the regeneration of tissues, is highly resorptive, has substantially no antigenic activity and has optimum mechanical properties. (google.com.au)
A sterile surgical collagen product which has a felt or fleece-like structure and which exerts a haemostatic action, has a high absorption capacity for body fluids, promotes the regeneration of tissues, is highly resorptive, has substantially no antigenic activity and has optimum mechanical properties so as to make it suitable for being applied to or introduced into wounds or into bone cavities. (google.com.au)
As is known, collagen products prepared from animal tissues are used as wound coverings or adhesives. (google.com.au)
A further object of the invention is to provide a surgical collagen product having a high haemostatic activity, a high absorption capacity for body fluids, the property of promoting the regeneration of tissues, especially of bone tissues, a high resorbability, as low an antigenic activity as possible and optimum mechanical properties to make it suitable for the application to or the introduction into wounds or into bone cavities. (google.com.au)

Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C , which is required for the synthesis of hydroxyproline , a necessary component of collagen. (everything2.com)
There are many ways to promote the synthesis of new, healthy collagen. (nuskin.com)
First, you can provide the skin with a reserve of vitamin C. As a necessary cofactor in collagen synthesis, vitamin C is proven to increase the production of collagen. (nuskin.com)
Stallmach A, Schuppan D, Riese HH, Metthes H, Riecken EO (1992) Increased collagen type III synthesis by fibroblasts isolated from strictures of patients with Crohn's disease. (springer.com)
Certain vitamins and minerals also help with collagen synthesis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The table below lists the different micronutrients that help with collagen synthesis, alongside their associated food sources. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The authors added that it is unlikely that bone broth can consistently support new collagen synthesis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Women experience a dramatic reduction in collagen synthesis after menopause . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Unfortunately, after 25 years old, the synthesis rate of collagen in our skin decrease significantly. (hubpages.com)

We know that good levels of collagen will keep the skin plump but can you give them a boost with a drink? (express.co.uk)
Even though your body may not produce the same levels of collagen as it once did, stimulating your collagen production has the potential to reverse some signs of aging. (howstuffworks.com)

Miniature scaffolds made from collagen - the 'glue' that holds our bodies together - are being used to heal damaged joints, and could be used to develop new cancer therapies or help repair the heart after a heart attack. (cam.ac.uk)
Some disorders classified as collagen vascular disease affect your joints, skin, blood vessels, or other vital organs. (healthline.com)
If you have a collagen vascular disease, your immune system causes inflammation in your collagen and nearby joints. (healthline.com)
Collagen can take years off your face, keep your joints strong and improve overall health. (livestrong.com)
Scientists say that the collagen in bone broth is poorly absorbed in the body and, therefore, doesn't reach your skin and joints. (livestrong.com)
Collagen, a protein with many benefits, is most commonly promoted for its ability to produce glowing skin and healthy joints. (businesswire.com)

The physical characteristics are nearly identical to our existing Collagen Peptide Powder and the Grass-Fed version is only a little over 10% more in price. (constantcontact.com)
As an added bonus, we will be happy to update your current Collagen Peptide Powder label to the new Grass-Fed at no charge! (constantcontact.com)
Please note that Vitalabs will no longer be stocking our regular Collagen Peptide Powder due to the ever increasing demand and popularity of the Grass-Fed Collagen. (constantcontact.com)
Collagen creams and pills have been around for years, but now it seems like everyone from Busy Phillips to dermatologists to your in-the-know coworker wants you to eat collagen protein powder and sip bone broth to keep your skin youthful. (huffingtonpost.com)
Each serving provides you with 10g of high-quality collagen powder. (hollandandbarrett.com)
The affordable collagen powder used in this creamer contains both type 1 and type 3 collagen, and has been sourced sustainably. (hollandandbarrett.com)
A further commercially available collagen product consists of a light flocculent powder which, though haemostatically active, is difficult to apply in depth into a wound and which has the disadvantage of being washed away by strong diffuse bleedings. (google.com.au)

The authors suggested that the release of AAs could promote collagen formation in ligaments and tendons during exercise. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen is a protein that connects tendons, ligaments, and muscles together in the body. (hollandandbarrett.com)

Collagen Boost+Vitamin C Anti-Aging 30ml/1oz NEW! (ebay.com)
What are the best foods to boost collagen? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Which foods boost collagen production? (medicalnewstoday.com)
This article looks at the roles of collagen in the body and outlines the best foods to boost collagen production. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Feel Good About Your Creamer: Our Collagen Creamer gives a delicious boost of nutrition and flavor to any cup of coffee, tea, or favorite baked treat. (wegmans.com)
There are some ingredients that can penetrate the skin which boost collagen levels once absorbed. (express.co.uk)
Red vegetables will give you added sun protection, while dark green ones will boost collagen production. (express.co.uk)
Some contain zinc, sulfur, vitamin C and other nutrients that boost collagen production and prevent free radicals from breaking down this protein. (livestrong.com)
Jamba continues to pioneer in the beverage category with the introduction of collagen to their boost menu. (businesswire.com)
I'm also excited to introduce a collagen boost to our menu - it's a simple way to add even more benefit to your favorite smoothie," said Laurie Winward, VP of Culinary Innovation at Jamba Juice. (businesswire.com)

This disruption leads to a variety of disorders such as scurvy-a disease where the body cannot produce collagen and, as a result, essentially falls apart as these support structures (collagen) deteriorate. (nuskin.com)

Collagen IV (ColIV or Col4) is a type of collagen found primarily in the basal lamina . (wikipedia.org)
Serum Collagen Type IV for the Assessment of Fibrosis and Resistance to Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology . (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes the alpha chain of type VII collagen. (wikipedia.org)
The type VII collagen fibril, composed of three identical alpha collagen chains, is restricted to the basement zone beneath stratified squamous epithelia. (wikipedia.org)
In the absence of mutations, however, an autoimmune response against type VII collagen can result in an acquired form of this disease called epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. (wikipedia.org)
In the skin, the type VII collagen protein is synthesized by keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Collagen, type VII, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with Laminin 5 and Fibronectin. (wikipedia.org)
The molecular model of bovine type I collagen microfibril, is contained in ( MCF2021.txt ), a brief description of the model and instructions for use are in ( MCF2012.pdf ). (usda.gov)
Brown, E.M. Development and utilization of a bovine type I collagen microfibril model. (usda.gov)
Collagen (type II, bovine) is used to induce arthritis in animal studies. (everything2.com)
Fleischmajer R, Perlish JS, Burgeson RE, Shaikh-Bahai F, Timpl R (1990) Type I and type III collagen interactions during fibrillogenesis. (springer.com)
Stumpf M, Cao W, Klinge U, Klosterhalfen B, Kasperk R, Schumpelick V (2001) Increased distribution of collagen type III and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in patients with diverticular disease. (springer.com)
Stumpf M, Cao W, Klinge U, Klosterhalfen B, Junge K, Krones CJ, Schumpelick V (2005) Reduced expression of collagen type I and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1 in patients with Crohn's Disease. (springer.com)
A LED facial is a type of non-invasive photo facial that uses colored lights to stimulate collagen, even out skin tone or even kill bacteria that triggers acne breakouts. (spafinder.com)
Fish type I collagen is an effective material as a biodegradable scaffold or spacer replicating the natural extracellular matrix, which serves to spatially organize cells, providing them with environmental signals and directing site-specific cellular regulation. (hindawi.com)
Collagen type VI myopathies. (nih.gov)
Each type of collagen vascular disease has its own set of symptoms. (healthline.com)
CIA is induced in genetically susceptible strains of mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII), and both T cell and B cell immunity to CII are required for disease manifestation. (nih.gov)
Depending on the type of collagen, varying numbers of hydroxylysines have disaccharides attached to them. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In this thesis, I report a series of studies targeted at elucidating mechanisms of proteostasis for collagen type-1, the most abundant collagen in the human body. (mit.edu)
Second, I use a quantitative mass spectrometry-based interactomics approach and a novel human cell-based model system to map the components of the wild-type collagen-I proteostasis network. (mit.edu)
While there are 16 types of collagen found in your body, collagen serums enhance the type found in your skin cells. (mcall.com)
Consider your skin type when choosing a collagen serum. (mcall.com)
This type of collagen has demonstrated benefits when it comes to reducing osteoarthritis pain, while also contributing to long-term joint health in those who haven't yet developed any problems. (selfgrowth.com)
Type: Collagen Peptide and Chondroitin 1600 mg per 40 tablets. (ebay.ca)
Because collagen is a type of material found in our bodies, it readily binds with cellular components to promote optimum healing, creating a latticework for cells to grow on. (webwire.com)

Collagen stregthens tendons , skin and the membranes that hold the internal organs in place. (everything2.com)
For example collagen in tendons transmits tension ). (everything2.com)
Collagen is critical to the formation of protein to help support healthy hair, skin, bone, muscle and tendons. (ebay.ca)

Collagen creams will probably do the most harm to your wallet, not your face. (ehow.co.uk)
The process involves lasers, LEDs, various facial creams and injections of collagen directly into the face. (reference.com)
Skin care therapist Julia March also recommends both eating your collagen and using creams. (huffingtonpost.com)
Read on to find out about collagen boosting creams. (howstuffworks.com)

The second preventive step in protecting existing and future collagen levels is supplementation with both oral and topical antioxidants. (nuskin.com)
The benefits of collagen supplementation are pretty impressive and largely backed by science. (popsugar.com)
In plain English, collagen supplementation can make your skin more elastic, more dewy, and less wrinkly. (huffingtonpost.com)
As we age, the amount of collagen we have depletes, which is where supplementation can play a major role. (newsmax.com)

The dermis, although it contains blood vessels, nerves and hair follicles, is primarily made up of a protein called "collagen. (medicinenet.com)
Your blood vessels or the lining of your heart may become inflamed if you have this form of collagen vascular disease. (healthline.com)
Collagen also provides important function in your blood vessels. (livestrong.com)

Also, collagen IV lacks the regular glycine in every third residue necessary for the tight, collagen helix . (wikipedia.org)

The body naturally produces the collagen that it needs, but this production is gradually disrupted as part of the natural ageing process. (google.com)
This means that a woman has naturally lost almost half of the collagen from her skin by the age of 50. (google.com)
Reserveage Nutrition's Plant-Based Support Collagen Builder features naturally derived silica from bamboo and natural vitamin C from Indian Gooseberries (Amia extract) to deliver co-nutrients for collagen production. (thefreedictionary.com)
Like collagen, HA naturally occurs in the skin and slows in production as we age. (mcall.com)
Because it is non-toxic, dissolves naturally over time and rarely triggers rejection, collagen is commonly used in cosmetics, drug delivery systems and biocompatible coatings. (newswise.com)
Younger people who are still producing large amounts of collagen naturally may not see significant benefits from supplementing with collagen, but those over age 25, and particularly over age 30, may experience less pain with movement . (selfgrowth.com)

Collagen injections give your skin a plumper, smoother appearance. (medicinenet.com)
How Do Collagen Injections Work? (medicinenet.com)
What Can I Expect From Collagen Injections or Other Fillers? (medicinenet.com)
Collagen injections can have some side effects. (ehow.co.uk)
If you're thinking of getting collagen injections, consider the risks as compared to other cosmetic wrinkle-reducing procedures, such as Botox and fellow skin injection Restylane. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen injections can improve the contours of the skin and fill out depressions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A local anesthetic is mixed into collagen to numb the pain of the injections - which can be substantial nonetheless, if you've particularly deep crevices such as deep marionette lines on either side of the mouth. (bellaonline.com)
The FDA has approved collagen injections for the face as a wrinkle filler, but over a period of three to four months, the collagen breaks down and is absorbed into the body, diminishing its effects. (reference.com)

By modifying the collagen scaffolds with the addition of peptide sequences, they could be used to grow new heart cells to 'patch' over areas of dead muscle, regenerating the heart and helping it function normally. (cam.ac.uk)
Combined collagen peptide and chondroitin. (ebay.ca)
Ingredients in 1 tablet - Tri collagen peptide from fish 1300mg. (ebay.ca)
Collagen peptide pellet. (ebay.ca)
Collagen Peptide is easily absorbed to maintain youthful skin for longer. (ebay.ca)
Peptide-binding assays indicate that the binding is primarily driven by stereo-selective triple-helical hybridization between monomeric CMPs of high triple-helical propensity and denatured collagen strands. (pnas.org)

Cosmetic lotions that claim to increase collagen levels are unlikely to do so, as collagen molecules are too large to be absorbed through the skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
While collagen serums can't replace lost collagen because the molecules are too large to penetrate the dermis when applied topically, they can fill in fine lines and help skin retain moisture resulting in tighter, smoother skin. (mcall.com)
Collagen molecules are too large to permeate the skin, so any cream applied to the face containing collagen is of limited effectiveness. (reference.com)

Packed with energy-boosting MCT fats from coconut milk, our Collagen Creamer is dairy free with no artificial ingredients. (wegmans.com)
Added ingredients to collagen serums, like salicylic acid, retinol, or alpha hydroxy acids, can irritate sensitive skin while providing huge benefits to other skin types. (mcall.com)
Collagen serums typically contain other ingredients to enhance their anti-aging properties. (mcall.com)
These work to clear skin of oil and debris so that other ingredients, like collagen, can seep deeper into the skin. (mcall.com)
The range of premium products are made with 100% natural ingredients and high-quality collagen, housed in 100% plastic-free packaging. (hollandandbarrett.com)
NeoCell Super Collagen C provides hydrolyzed Collagen that is scientifically formulated for maximum absorption with other powerful beauty enhancing ingredients. (ebay.ca)
Genes Vitamin E Swiss collagen complex moisturizing creme is a unique blend of ingredients that provides a natural aid for the skin. (hubpages.com)

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita involves an autoimmune reaction to this form of collagen. (wikipedia.org)
Temporal arteritis, or giant cell arteritis, is another form of collagen vascular disease. (healthline.com)

Soy consumption can increase in the amount of collagen in your skin. (wikihow.com)
Hence, it is crucial that we consume the right amount of collagen to maintain younger-looking skin while delaying the aging process. (hubpages.com)

EWG scientists reviewed Daggett & Ramsdell Collagen Serum for safety according to the methodology outlined in our Skin Deep Cosmetics Database. (ewg.org)
EWG's rating for Daggett & Ramsdell Collagen Serum is 4. (ewg.org)
There's a dizzying array of anti-aging products on the market, and we're here to help you choose a collagen serum that fits your budget and needs. (mcall.com)
This quick buying guide lays out what you need to consider when shopping for a collagen serum. (mcall.com)
When added to a collagen serum, it adds potent hydration. (mcall.com)
Q. How often should I apply a collagen serum? (mcall.com)
Q. Do I still need a separate moisturizer if I'm using a collagen serum? (mcall.com)
If you have dry skin, a collagen serum probably won't cut it alone, and you should use a moisturizing cream or lotion following application and absorption of the serum. (mcall.com)
Try: Ole Henriksen Truth Serum Collagen Booster, £47 (lookfantastic.com). (express.co.uk)

Skincare products containing antioxidants and collagen-boosting components may increase collagen in your skin, but more research is needed. (wikihow.com)
On the other hand, eating a protein-rich diet, along with proper sunscreen use and a good skincare routine, can preserve collagen. (cnn.com)
Natural skincare provider will now be providing the benefits of the newest in collagen innovation with their latest Pure Gold Mask product. (prweb.com)

The breaking of a collagen network may sound like an abstract concept. (tudelft.nl)

Collagen is created by fibroblasts, which are specialized skin cells located in the dermis. (nuskin.com)
Fibroblasts initially produce short collagen subunits called procollagen. (nuskin.com)
In the dermis, or the middle layer of skin, collagen helps form a fibrous network of cells called fibroblasts, upon which new cells can grow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Collagen scaffolds also support deposition of cells, such as osteoblasts and fibroblasts, and once inserted, facilitate growth to proceed normally. (wikipedia.org)

Collagen is injected via a tiny needle just below the skin's surface to help fill up areas that are depressed or, in the case of lips, too thin. (bellaonline.com)

Collagen is a hard, insoluble, and fibrous protein that makes up one-third of the protein in the human body. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Over time, environmental factors and aging make it harder for your body to make collagen and can also break down collagen you already have. (webmd.com)
Collagen helps to give strength to various structures of the body and also protects structures like the skin by preventing absorption and spreading of pathogenic substances, environmental toxins, micro - organisms and cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)
Collagen accounts for about a quarter of the protein in your body, being a major structural protein. (everything2.com)
The collagen (derived from cow hide ) is injected just beneath the skin where the body accepts it as its own, and allows it to fill the wrinkle or heal the scar. (everything2.com)
Without collagen your body cannot repair itself normally, so tooth loss and bruising (among many other things) occur. (everything2.com)
If it weren't for collagen, the body would literally fall apart. (nuskin.com)
Approximately 33 percent of the protein in the body is collagen. (nuskin.com)
Collagen (KOL-uh-jin) is a protein in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Collagen has many different roles in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Certain nutrients can help your body to produce more collagen, so make sure that you are including a good balance of vitamins and minerals. (wikihow.com)
Consuming these foods can help your body optimize its collagen production. (wikihow.com)
It is important that your skin and body remain hydrated if you are trying to increase your collagen production. (wikihow.com)
Eat plenty of foods rich in vitamin C. Vitamin C is important for collagen production in the body. (wikihow.com)
Collagen from fish can be quickly absorbed by the body. (wikihow.com)
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. (cnn.com)
Our body continuously makes new collagen, but the process begins to slow down after about age 30. (cnn.com)
According to an older review, collagen makes up one-third of the total protein in a person's body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Although collagen is the best known filler, there are many other substances doctors can use to plump up your skin, including fat from your own body and synthetic materials. (medicinenet.com)
Zyderm and Zyplast collagen are placed just beneath the skin, in the dermis where the body readily accepts it as its own. (medicinenet.com)
Autologen is an injection of your own collagen, extracted from another place on your body. (medicinenet.com)
Collagen provides these body structures with the ability to withstand forces that stretch or lengthen them. (thefreedictionary.com)
According to a 2004 CBS Money Watch report by Jim Caras, hydrolyzed collagen products may also protect the body's lean muscle mass, benefit arthritis, and help the body to burn fat and enhance weight loss. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen is an important protein that can be found throughout your body. (livestrong.com)
Collagen functions several different ways in your body. (livestrong.com)
Collagen makes up the walls of the veins, arteries and capillaries of the body. (livestrong.com)
Collagen is a building block of the body. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen is the most common protein in the human body, and it has a very important role. (ehow.co.uk)
Collagen occurs in many places throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
The collagens in the human body are strong and flexible. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some collagens act as protective coverings for delicate organs in the body, such as the kidneys. (medicalnewstoday.com)
With this process," Yu said, "we can make the collagen that's already found in the human body behave in new ways, including some ways that are not found in nature. (newswise.com)
Because the collagen solution contains water it is quickly absorbed into the body. (bellaonline.com)
Which kind you choose depends at least in part on what part of your body you're targeting, since there are also multiple types of collagen in the human body . (selfgrowth.com)
Collagen isn't a magic bullet that will take away your pain overnight, but over time, it can help your body defend against ordinary wear and tear and help you keep moving. (selfgrowth.com)
Collagen is a structural protein that makes up 25 percent of all protein in your body. (ebay.ca)
Collagen is a complex structural protein that maintains strength and flexibility throughout the body. (ebay.ca)
Super Collagen contains clinically studied BioActive NeoCell Collagen which supports healthy collagen formation throughout the body. (ebay.ca)
However, the solution isn't as simple in the case of collagen, because you're trying to affect the way your body produces a protein, not just the way it absorbs a mineral. (howstuffworks.com)
With all these functions, you can understand why collagen is the most abundant protein in the body. (newsmax.com)
Lower doses are not enough to show a significant improvement in the skin texture, while consumption over 5000mg collagen is excess collagen and will be drained from the body. (hubpages.com)
Eviva Collagen Elixir is a new beverage that is being touted for the many benefits it can offer the body, inside and out. (trendhunter.com)

This Dose & Co Collagen Creamer transforms plain old coffee into a rich, creamy, vanilla-flavoured treat to start your day off deliciously. (hollandandbarrett.com)

Two review articles described the preparation and biological application of chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives and the relevance to clinical dentistry of distinct characteristics of mandibular bone collagen. (hindawi.com)

Contains 2,000 mg Super Collagen 1 & 3 to strengthen and smooth hair, skin, & nails. (mcssl.com)

Marine collagen derived from fish scales, skin, and bone has been widely investigated for application as a scaffold and carrier due to its bioactive properties, including excellent biocompatibility, low antigenicity, and high biodegradability and cell growth potential. (hindawi.com)

With age, collagen production slows and the cells structures weaken. (news-medical.net)
When the receptors are bound by the correct combination of signal molecules (called fibroblast growth factors, or FGFs), the fibroblast begins the production of collagen. (nuskin.com)
With age, collagen levels drop off due to a decrease in production and an increase in degradation. (nuskin.com)
While collagen production declines with age, you may be able to increase your body's collagen production in a variety of ways. (wikihow.com)
Cruciferous vegetables contain sulfur, which is important for collagen production. (wikihow.com)
Isoflavone-rich soy products can increase your collagen production. (wikihow.com)
Staying hydrated will support collagen production. (wikihow.com)
Collagen production declines with age and exposure to factors such as smoking and UV light. (medicalnewstoday.com)
By the age of 60 years, a considerable decline in collagen production is normal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Starting at 30, the collagen production in our skin begins to break down and the first signs of aging appear on our faces. (mcall.com)
Collagen serums are designed to stimulate production of this structural protein, which is responsible for youthful, supple skin, and fight back against sagging and fine lines. (mcall.com)
Dermatologists report that collagen serums in most cases do stimulate production of the protein. (mcall.com)
The beauty benefits of avocado oil are increased collagen production, improved skin moisturization and better scalp health. (reference.com)
Protein is important as it can help support the body's natural production of collagen. (express.co.uk)
You can kick-start collagen production using a combination of laser or ultrasound and radio frequency procedures. (express.co.uk)
Thermage involves using radio frequency to safely heat collagen fibres deep in the skin to stimulate production. (express.co.uk)
That's because, by age 30, collagen production has been declining by a small amount every year for about five years, long enough that some people may notice the difference. (selfgrowth.com)
In general, eating lots of veggies and a variety of fruits will enhance collagen production," Petrucci says. (huffingtonpost.com)

in the macromolecular network of collagen IV, which provides the scaffold for basement membranes, the molecules are attached and cross-linked via their like end-regions and they interact laterally with their triple-helical domains in a not yet fully understood manner. (nih.gov)
The triple helical structure of collagen prevents it from being broken down by enzymes, it enables adhesiveness of cells and it is important for the proper assembly of the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)

Several recent studies suggest that disturbances of the collagen texture and the extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism are major factors leading to the onset of diverticular disease. (springer.com)
Collagen VI is an important component of the extracellular matrix which forms a microfibrillar network that is found in close association with the cell and surrounding basement membrane. (nih.gov)

Collagen is a major structural protein in the skin. (nuskin.com)
Collagen is the body's major structural protein composed of three protein chains wound together in a tight triple helix. (nuskin.com)
Collagen plays a key role in providing the structural scaffolding surrounding cells that helps to support cell shape and differentiation, similar to how steel rods reinforce a concrete block. (nuskin.com)

Foods high in vitamin C, such as citrus, red peppers, strawberries, guava and kale as well as foods high in sulfur, such as broccoli, cauliflower, arugula and garlic aid in the development of collagen. (huffingtonpost.com)
The best collagen pills and collagen-rich foods may benefit your skin too. (livestrong.com)
There are plenty of foods and herbs rich in collagen, from egg whites and bone broth to spirulina. (livestrong.com)

Anatomy49

Organisms11

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

A hyperstable collagen mimic. (1/15802)

Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in cervical squamous cell carcinoma--a clinicopathological study. (2/15802)

Prevention of collagen-induced arthritis by gene delivery of soluble p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor. (3/15802)

Expression and differential regulation of connective tissue growth factor in pancreatic cancer cells. (4/15802)

Enhanced Th1 and dampened Th2 responses synergize to inhibit acute granulomatous and fibrotic responses in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. (5/15802)

Treponema denticola outer membrane enhances the phagocytosis of collagen-coated beads by gingival fibroblasts. (6/15802)

Interferon-alpha does not improve outcome at one year in patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (7/15802)

Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (8/15802)

Collagen

Collagen Type I

Fibrillar Collagens

Collagen Type IV

Collagen Type III

Receptors, Collagen

Collagen Type II

Collagen Type VI

Collagen Type V

Collagen Diseases

Extracellular Matrix

Procollagen

Collagen Type XVIII

Hydroxyproline

Collagen Type XI

Fibroblasts

Hydroxylysine

Cartilage

Gels

Cells, Cultured

Fibril-Associated Collagens

Basement Membrane

Collagen Type X

Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Skin

Tendons

Collagen Type XII

Microbial Collagenase

Collagen Type VII

Fibronectins

Pepsin A

Connective Tissue

Proteoglycans

Collagenases

Fibrosis

Cartilage, Articular

Non-Fibrillar Collagens

Collagen Type VIII

Cattle

Laminin

RNA, Messenger

Elastin

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Microscopy, Electron

Procollagen-Lysine, 2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase

Proline

Aminopropionitrile

Decorin

Cell Adhesion

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Collagen Type XIII

Integrin alpha1beta1

Molecular Sequence Data

Chondrocytes

Wound Healing

Chick Embryo

Microscopy, Polarization

Amino Acid Sequence

Bone and Bones

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

Integrins

Peptide Fragments

Cornea

Gelatin

Transforming Growth Factor beta1

HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins

Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase

Tensile Strength

Glycosaminoglycans

Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase

Tissue Engineering

Corneal Stroma

Integrin alpha2

Immunohistochemistry

Platelet Adhesiveness

Dermis

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Blood Platelets

Cyanogen Bromide