Colistin
Acinetobacter baumannii
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Polymyxins
Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections
Polymyxin B
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Minocycline
Tobramycin
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acute bronchopulmonary infection due to Streptococcus milleri in a child with cystic fibrosis. (1/414)
An 8 year old girl with cystic fibrosis had severe respiratory disease associated with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection. Despite regular courses of intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics, she continued to deteriorate over 18 months with persistent productive cough, worsening respiratory function, and increasing oxygen dependence. During her 11th admission Streptococcus milleri was isolated from sputum cultures in addition to P aeruginosa. She failed to respond to antipseudomonal antibiotics but improved dramatically with the addition of intravenous benzylpenicillin. Although S milleri is considered a normal mouth commensal and its isolation from sputum of cystic fibrosis patients is of uncertain significance, it was associated with clinically significant infection in this child. S milleri was eradicated with antibiotic treatment and clinical improvement has been maintained. (+info)Intravenous colistin as therapy for nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. (2/414)
Sixty nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quinolones, penicillins, monobactams, and imipenem were treated with colistin (one patient had two infections that are included as two different cases). The infections were pneumonia (33% of patients), urinary tract infection (20%), primary bloodstream infection (15%), central nervous system infection (8%), peritonitis (7%), catheter-related infection (7%), and otitis media (2%). A good outcome occurred for 35 patients (58%), and three patients died within the first 48 hours of treatment. The poorest results were observed in cases of pneumonia: only five (25%) of 20 had a good outcome. A good outcome occurred for four of five patients with central nervous system infections, although no intrathecal treatment was given. The main adverse effect of treatment was renal failure; 27% of patients with initially normal renal function had renal failure, and renal function worsened in 58% of patients with abnormal baseline creatinine levels. Colistin may be a good therapeutic option for the treatment of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. (+info)Comparison of selective broth medium plus neomycin-nalidixic acid agar and selective broth medium plus Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid agar for detection of group B streptococcal colonization in women. (3/414)
The combination of neomycin-nalidixic acid (NNA) agar and a selective broth medium (SBM) has recently been shown to improve the sensitivity of screening cultures for group B streptococcal (GBS) carriage in women. Because of the relatively high cost of NNA agar, a study was initiated to determine whether Columbia colistin-nalidixic acid (CNA) agar would be an equally sensitive, more economical alternative. A total of 580 cervical-vaginal and/or rectal specimens submitted for detection of GBS were included in the study. Each was plated onto NNA and CNA agar and then inoculated into SBM. GBS were recovered from 95 of 580 (16.4%) specimens, including 61 isolates from CNA, 74 from NNA, 73 from the CNA-SMB combination, and 86 from the NNA-SMB tandem. Of those, 22 isolates were recovered on NNA but not CNA, 9 were cultured on CNA but not NNA, 52 were isolated on both media, and 12 were recovered from subcultures of SBM only. The overall sensitivity of CNA alone (64. 2%) was statistically significantly less than that of NNA agar (77. 9%), as was the sensitivity of combination of CNA plus SBM (76.8%) compared to that of NNA plus SBM (90.5%). Based on these findings, CNA should not be considered an acceptable alternative to NNA for the detection of GBS colonization in women despite potential cost savings. (+info)In vitro activities of membrane-active peptides alone and in combination with clinically used antimicrobial agents against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. (4/414)
The in vitro activities of buforin II, cecropin P1, and magainin II, alone and in combination with six clinically used antimicrobial agents, against 12 clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were investigated. Antimicrobial activities were measured by MIC and time-kill studies. The isolates were susceptible to the peptides at concentrations in the range of 0.50 to 16 microg/ml. Synergy was observed when the peptides were combined with polymyxin E, meropenem, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and clarithromycin. (+info)Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar. (5/414)
A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation. (+info)Contemporary assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for polymyxin B and colistin: review of available interpretative criteria and quality control guidelines. (6/414)
The emergence of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. has necessitated the search for alternative parenteral agents such as the polymyxins. The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) documents do not currently provide interpretative criteria for the testing of the polymyxins, colistin and polymyxin B. Therefore, an evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of colistin and polymyxin B was initiated using 200 bloodstream infection pathogens collected through the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. All susceptibility tests were performed according to the NCCLS recommendations. Polymyxin B and colistin displayed a nearly identical spectrum of activity, exhibiting excellent potency against P. aeruginosa (MIC(90), 2 microg/ml) and Acinetobacter sp. (MIC(90), 2 microg/ml). In contrast, they showed limited activity against some other nonfermentative bacilli such as Burkholderia cepacia (MIC(90), >/=128 microg/ml). Excellent correlation was achieved between broth microdilution and agar dilution tests (r = 0.96 to 0.98); 94.3% of the results were +/-1 log(2) dilution between the methods used for both compounds. At a resistance breakpoint of >/=4 microg/ml for both agents, unacceptable false-susceptible or very major errors were noted for colistin (5%) and polymyxin B (6%). Modified zone criteria for colistin (/=14 mm) and polymyxin B (/=14 mm) were suggested, but some degree of error persisted (>/=3.5%). It is recommended that all susceptible disk diffusion results be confirmed by MIC tests using the preferred reference NCCLS method. The quality control (QC) ranges listed in the product package insert require an adjusted range by approximately 3 mm for both NCCLS gram-negative quality control strains. This evaluation of in vitro susceptibility test methods for the polymyxin class drugs confirmed continued serious testing error with the disk diffusion method, the possible need for breakpoint adjustments, and the recalculation of disk diffusion QC ranges. Clinical laboratories should exclusively use MIC methods to assist the therapeutic application of colistin or polymyxin B until disk diffusion test modifications are sanctioned and published by the NCCLS. (+info)In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. (7/414)
The in vitro pharmacodynamic properties of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate were investigated by studying the MICs, time-kill kinetics, and postantibiotic effect (PAE) against mucoid and nonmucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. Twenty-three clinical strains, including multiresistant strains, and one type strain were selected for MIC determination. Eleven strains were resistant; MICs for these strains were >128 mg/liter. For the susceptible strains, MICs of colistin ranged from 1 to 4 mg/liter, while the MICs of colistin methanesulfonate were significantly higher and ranged from 4 to 16 mg/liter. The time-kill kinetics were investigated with three strains at drug concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 64 times the MIC. Colistin showed extremely rapid killing, resulting in complete elimination at the highest concentrations within 5 min, while colistin methanesulfonate killed more slowly, requiring a concentration of 16 times the MIC to achieve complete killing within 24 h. Colistin exhibited a significant PAE of 2 to 3 h at 16 times the MIC against the three strains after 15 min of exposure. For colistin methanesulfonate, PAEs were shorter at the concentrations tested. Colistin methanesulfonate had lower overall bactericidal and postantibiotic activities than colistin, even when adjusted for differences in MICs. Our data suggest that doses of colistin methanesulfonate higher than the recommended 2 to 3 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h may be required for the effective treatment of P. aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients. (+info)Bronchoconstriction following nebulised colistin in cystic fibrosis. (8/414)
Nebulised colistin is regularly used as antipseudomonal therapy in children with cystic fibrosis. We assessed bronchoconstriction in response to nebulised colistin in 58 children. Nebulised colistin significantly reduced FEV(1), MEF(25%), and SaO(2) for 15 minutes. In 20 children the reduction was greater than 10% from baseline FEV(1), and was still at that level in five at 30 minutes. Subjective assessment, baseline FEV(1), and serum IgE were unable to identify susceptible children. It is recommended that children receiving colistin should be carefully assessed for bronchoconstriction. (+info) Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of bacteria that can cause a variety of infections, particularly in hospitalized patients and those with weakened immune systems. These infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening, and are often associated with high mortality rates.
Some common types of Acinetobacter infections include:
1. Pneumonia: This is an infection of the lungs that can cause fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): These are infections of the bladder, kidneys, or ureters that can cause symptoms such as burning during urination, frequent urination, and abdominal pain.
3. Bloodstream infections (sepsis): This is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause widespread inflammation. Symptoms can include fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and shortness of breath.
4. Skin and soft tissue infections: These are infections of the skin and underlying tissues that can cause redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.
5. Bacteremia: This is a condition in which bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause an infection.
6. Endocarditis: This is an infection of the heart valves, which can cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
Acinetobacter infections are often caused by the bacteria entering the body through a wound or surgical incision. They can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment in healthcare settings.
Treatment of Acinetobacter infections typically involves the use of antibiotics, which may be administered intravenously or orally. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged organs.
Prevention of Acinetobacter infections is important for reducing the risk of these infections occurring in healthcare settings. This can include proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and effective cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment.
Overall, Acinetobacter infections are a significant concern in healthcare settings, and prompt recognition and treatment are critical for preventing serious complications and improving patient outcomes.
Gram-negative bacteria are a group of bacteria that do not retain the Gram stain, which is a type of stain used to identify bacteria. This means that the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria do not contain peptidoglycan, a substance that is present in the cell walls of most other types of bacteria. Instead, gram-negative bacteria have a unique lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer membrane that provides protection against the Gram stain.
Gram-negative bacterial infections can be difficult to treat because these bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. In addition, some gram-negative bacteria produce enzymes called beta-lactamases, which break down the penicillin ring of many antibiotics, making them ineffective against the infection.
Some common types of gram-negative bacterial infections include:
* Pneumonia
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
* Bloodstream infections (sepsis)
* Meningitis
* Skin and soft tissue infections
* Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and sinusitis
Examples of gram-negative bacteria that can cause infection include:
* Escherichia coli (E. coli)
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter baumannii
* Proteus mirabilis
Gram-negative bacterial infections can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood cultures, urine cultures, and tissue samples. Treatment typically involves the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as carbapenems or cephalosporins, which are effective against many types of gram-negative bacteria. In some cases, the infection may require hospitalization and intensive care to manage complications such as sepsis or organ failure.
Prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections includes good hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and appropriate use of antibiotics. In healthcare settings, infection control measures such as sterilization and disinfection of equipment, and isolation precautions for patients with known gram-negative bacterial infections can help prevent the spread of these infections.
Overall, gram-negative bacterial infections are a significant public health concern, and proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission.
Pseudomonas Infections are caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can infect various parts of the body such as lungs, urinary tracts, and skin. These infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening, especially for people with weakened immune systems or pre-existing medical conditions.
Pseudomonas infections are challenging to treat due to the bacteria's ability to develop resistance against antibiotics. The treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and other supportive therapies, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged organs.
Central Nervous System (CNS) bacterial infections are a group of infections that affect the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. These infections can be caused by various types of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Listeria monocytogenes.
CNS bacterial infections can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. In severe cases, these infections can lead to meningitis, encephalitis, or abscesses in the brain or spinal cord.
The diagnosis of CNS bacterial infections is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to identify the causative bacteria. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be used to visualize the extent of the infection.
Treatment of CNS bacterial infections typically involves the use of antibiotics, which can help to clear the infection and prevent further complications. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain abscesses or relieve pressure on the brain or spinal cord.
Preventive measures for CNS bacterial infections include vaccination against certain types of bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, good hygiene practices, and appropriate use of antibiotics. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to preventing long-term neurological damage or death.
In conclusion, CNS bacterial infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening conditions that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections is essential for effective management and optimal outcomes for patients affected by them.
Colistin
... colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium (colistin methanesulfonate sodium, colistin sulfomethate sodium). Colistin sulfate ... Colistin sulfate is also used in topical creams, powders, and otic solutions. Colistin A (polymyxin E1) and colistin B ( ... "Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulphonate and colistin in rats following an intravenous dose of colistin methanesulphonate ... Resistance to colistin is rare, but has been described. As of 2017[update], no agreement exists about how to define colistin ...
Polypeptide antibiotic
The first clinical use of polymyxins was in 1959, with its compound polymyxin E; more commonly known as colistin. Colistin was ... Colistin is considered to have high toxicity, mainly having renal and neurological effects, including but not limited to ... Colistin was developed before drug-safety procedure requirements were instigated by organisations such as the Food and Drug ... The re-emergence of colistin use began in the late 1980s, via intravenous injection (IV) methods or inhalation to manage ...
Paenibacillus polymyxa
colistinus produces the antibiotic colistin. Surfactant complexes isolated from P. polymyxa have been shown to be effective in ...
Chinchilla
Colistin can be an effective antibiotic. Roach, N.; Kennerley, R. (2016). "Chinchilla chinchilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened ...
Mutagenesis
"Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae". Infection and Drug Resistance. 12: 965-975. doi: ... "Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae". Infection and Drug Resistance. 12: 965-975. doi: ...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
June 2007). "Colistin is effective in treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cancer ... Such findings have been reported in the case of rifampicin-resistant and colistin-resistant strains, in which decrease in ... carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, doripenem, but not ertapenem) polymyxins (polymyxin B and colistin) monobactams (aztreonam) ... 2019). "Molecular mechanisms related to colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae". Infection and Drug Resistance. 12: 965-975 ...
MCR-1
The mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene confers plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, one of a number of last-resort ... The "mobilized colistin resistance" (mcr-1) gene confers plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, a polymyxin and one of a ... "Identification of Novel Mobilized Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-9 in a Multidrug-Resistant, Colistin-Susceptible Salmonella ... "Overcoming mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance with colistin in combination with other antibiotics". Nature Communications. 9 (1 ...
Amikacin
Cunha, Burke A. (1 November 2006). "New Uses for Older Antibiotics: Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin, Colistin, Polymyxin B, ... colistin, polymyxin B, and vancomycin; and cisplatin, which is used in chemotherapy. Amikacin should not be used with ... as an adjunct to imipenem or colistin for neonatal meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae or Listeria monocytogenes, as ...
Enterobacter cloacae
Population pharmacokinetic analysis of colistin methanesulfonate and colistin after intravenous administration in critically ... Colistin in combination with rifampin and imipenem for treating a bla VIM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter ... Colistin: the revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Clinical ... 72, 857-868 (1970). Li J, Nation RL, Milne RW, Turnidge JD, Coulthard K. Evaluation of colistin as an agent against multi- ...
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
It is variably susceptible to tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and colistin. Originally isolated ...
Cyclic peptide
Examples include: Amanitins Bacitracin Colistin Ciclosporin Dactinomycin Daptomycin Gramicidin S Hymenistatin Microcystins ... for example in colistin; or two side chains or more complicated arrangements, for example in amanitin. Many cyclic peptides ...
Acinetobacter baumannii
Colistin is considered a drug of last resort because it often causes kidney damage, among other side effects. Prevention ... 25 May 2011). "Renal and neurological side effects of colistin in critically ill patients". Annals of Intensive Care. 1 (1): 14 ... Consequently, treatment methods often fall back on polymyxins, particularly colistin although tetracyclines have shown promise ... colistin". Pediatrics International. 50 (4): 584-5. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02677.x. PMID 18937759. S2CID 42715424. Adams ...
New York City agar
Colistin inhibits gram negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, while Proteus is inhibited by trimethoprim. The ... The selective supplement added contains the antibiotics vancomycin, colistin, nystatin and trimethoprim, to suppress the ... combination of trimethoprim and colistin acts synergistically against gram-negative bacilli. Starch neutralizes the toxic ...
Pig farming
China once used colistin (an antibiotic) as growth promoter (subtherapeutic antibiotic use) but discovered a colistin-resistant ... Investigations then led to the identification of "a gene called MCR-1 that allowed bacteria to survive colistin treatment in ... animals and humans." In 2016, these findings led China to ban colistin as growth promoter. A systematic review found that ...
Kluyvera
Zhao, Feifei; Zong, Zhiyong (26 September 2016). "Kluyvera ascorbata carrying the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene from hospital ...
Neisseria flavescens
Colistin mecA LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de Branham, Sara E. (1930-04-18). "A New Meningococcus-like Organism (Neisseria flavescens n. sp ... flavescens strains are capable of producing polysaccharides from sucrose and are colistin-susceptible. This bacteria is also ...
Klebsiella pneumoniae
However, colistin-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae have been reported in ICUs. In 2009, strains of K. pneumoniae with gene ... Infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens in the ICU have invoked the re-emergence of colistin. ... including drug of last resort colistin. It is believed she may have picked up the microbe while hospitalized in India for two ... "Colistin-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging in intensive care unit patients: first report of a multiclonal ...
Burkholderia cepacia complex
Burkholderia cepacia is intrinsically resistant to colistin and usually resistant to aminoglycosides. In people with cystic ...
Gardnerella vaginalis
A selective medium for G. vaginalis is colistin-oxolinic acid blood agar. G. vaginalis is a facultatively anaerobic Gram- ...
Drug of last resort
Colistin - used against certain life-threatening infections, such as those caused by Pseudomonas; carries risk of kidney and ...
Cedecea
Both Cedecea and Serratia are lipase positive and resistant to colistin and cephalothin; however, Cedecea is unable to ... Cedecea strains are resistant to the following antimicrobial agents: cephalothin, extended spectrium cephalosporins, colistin, ...
Ventriculitis
... treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ventriculitis with intravenous and intraventricular colistin". Ann ...
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
While colistin had shown promising activity against carbapenemase-producing isolates, more recent data suggest a resistance to ... In a separate study, CRE were treated with colistin, amikacin, and tigecycline, and emphasizes the importance of using ... The first outbreak involving colistin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) in the U.S. was discovered in ... 2011). "Outbreak of colistin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan". ...
Francois Balloux
"The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 1179. ... "The global distribution and spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 1179. ...
Melioidosis
It is generally resistant to gentamicin and colistin but sensitive to co-amoxiclav. B. pseudomallei is a biosafety level 3 ... containing colistin) for better isolation of B. pseudomallei from other types of bacteria. Agar plates for melioidosis should ...
Anaerococcus nagyae
A. nagyae is resistant to colistin, but it is susceptible to vancomycin and kanamycin. Page Species: Anaerococcus nagyae on " ...
Bronchiectasis
... and aerosolized colistin. Some clinical trials have shown a benefit with inhaled bronchodilators in certain people with ...
Geotrichosis
Associated treatment for pulmonary geotrichosis includes the use of potassium iodide, sulfonamides or colistin. The associated ...
Carbapenem
Giske CG (2015). "Contemporary resistance trends and mechanisms for the old antibiotics colistin, temocillin, fosfomycin, ... of treating such multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae has led to a renaissance of the use of antibiotics such as colistin, ...
Acinetobacter
One antimicrobial agent, colistin (polymyxin E), has been used to treat infections with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii; ... however, antimicrobial susceptibility testing for colistin was not performed on isolates described in this report. Because A. ...
Characteristics and genomic epidemiology of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales from farmers, swine, and hospitalized patients...
Differences between the colistin-resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospita … ... Our data confirmed the presence of colistin-resistance genes in combination with extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in ... To better understand the rise of colistin-resistant strains in each of these settings, we characterized colistin-resistant ... The presence of colistin-resistance mcr genes is indicated by a star symbol, if the gene was not present the area was left ...
The international standard for colistin*
Federal Scientists Find in U.S. Samples the MCR-1 Gene Responsible for Colistin Resistance | NARMS | CDC
Article on mcr-1 gene and colistin-resistant bacteria ... Colistin is commonly used in other parts of the world in human ... In the United States, colistin is not used to treat animals but is used as a last-resort drug to treat patients with multi-drug ... Colistin is an older antibiotic that is effective against certain hard-to-treat bacterial infections in humans. Since the ... A single strain of colistin-resistant E. coli was found in a pig intestinal sample, and a DNA sequence revealed that the strain ...
Harder, better, faster, stronger: Colistin resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli | PLOS Genetics
Structural Insights into Substrate Recognition by a Colistin Resistance Enzyme | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and...
Structural Insights into Substrate Recognition by a Colistin Resistance Enzyme. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious and ... Their work has provided key molecular details into this form of colistin resistance. The research team determined the crystal ... including colistin, which are considered important "last resort" drugs when frontline therapies fail. Since then, this gene and ... Substrate Recognition by a Colistin Resistance Enzyme from Moraxella catarrhalis ACS Chemical Biology 13:1322.. https://www. ...
A link between pH homeostasis and colistin resistance in bacteria - JASCO
Colistin resistance is complex and multifactorial. DbcA is an inner membrane protein belonging to the DedA superfamily required ... Here, we report that ∆dbcA displays alkaline pH/bicarbonate sensitivity and propose a role of DbcA in extreme colistin ... We found that alkaline pH or presence of sodium bicarbonate displays a synergistic effect with colistin against not only ... We propose that maintaining optimal cytoplasmic pH is required for colistin resistance in a majority of bacterial species, ...
Figure - mcr-1-Positive Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Traveler Returning to Canada from China - Volume 22, Number 9...
Mulvey MR, Mataseje LF, Robertson J, Nash JH, Boerlin P, Toye B, Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. Lancet ... Liu YY, Wang Y, Walsh TR, Yi LX, Zhang R, Spencer J, Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in ... Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1 gene): three months later, the story unfolds. Euro Surveill. 2016;21:30155 .DOI ... mcr-1-Positive Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Traveler Returning to Canada from China Michael Payne1. , Matthew A. ...
Proposal for assignment of allele numbers for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes - PubMed
... mobile colistin resistance) gene has led to many reports of mcr-1 variants and other mcr genes from different bacterial species ... Proposal for assignment of allele numbers for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes Sally R Partridge 1 , Vincenzo Di Pilato 2 ... Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 and Its Variant in Escherichia coli Isolates from Chickens in China. Yang YQ, Li YX, Song T, ... Proposal for assignment of allele numbers for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes Sally R Partridge et al. J Antimicrob ...
Phosphoethanolamine Modification of Lipid A in Colistin-Resistant Variants of Acinetobacter baumannii Mediated by the pmrAB Two...
Colistin resistance is rare in Acinetobacter baumannii, and little is known about its mechanism. We investigated the role of ... Phosphoethanolamine Modification of Lipid A in Colistin-Resistant Variants of Acinetobacter baumannii Mediated by the pmrAB Two ... pmrAB sequences in all the colistin-susceptible isolates were identical to reference sequences, whereas resistant clinical ... pmrB gene knockout mutants of the colistin-resistant ATCC 19606 derivative showed ,100-fold increased susceptibility to ...
COLISTIN
... colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium (colistin methanesulfonate sodium, colistin sulfomethate sodium). Colistin sulfate ... Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is ... Colistin sulfate is also used as topical creams, powders, and otic solutions.. Dosage. Colistin sulfate and colistimethate ... Coly-mycin M 150 mg "colistin base" is 360 mg colistimethate or 4,500,000 units.. Because colistin was introduced into clinical ...
Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis overcomes colistin resistance. | Nat Microbiol;8(6): 1026-1038, 2023 06. | MEDLINE
... to synergize with colistin exclusively against colistin-resistant bacteria. MAC13772 indirectly disrupts fatty acid synthesis ( ... FAS) and restores sensitivity to the last-resort antibiotic, colistin. Accordingly, we found that combinations of colistin and ... The global dissemination of plasmid-borne colistin resistance, driven by the emergence of mcr-1, threatens to diminish the ... We propose that inhibiting FAS restores colistin sensitivity by depleting lipid synthesis, leading to changes in phospholipid ...
Enterobacter Infections Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Medical Care, Surgical Care
Gupta S, Govil D, Kakar PN, Prakash O, Arora D, Das S. Colistin and polymyxin B: A re-emergence. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2009 ... Colistin and polymyxin B. These drugs are being used more frequently to treat serious infection caused by multidrug-resistant ... 55] One recent in vitro study documented a colistin MIC90 of 2 mcg/mL or less in more than 90% of Enterobacter isolates from ... Intravenous colistin sulphomethate sodium for therapy of infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. J Infect ...
Colimicina 635.000 Injectable - Colistin methanesulphonate - SP Veterinaria
Results of search for 'su:{Colistin}'
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publication details: Geneva : World Health Organization, 2006Other title: Sixty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives..Online access: Click here to access online Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (3)Call number: WA 712 2006SI, ... ...
Characterization of a colistin-resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli ST69 isolate recovered from a broiler chicken in...
Characterization of a colistin-resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli ST69 isolate recovered from a broiler chicken in ... The isolate was resistant to several antibiotics of human and veterinary importance, including colistin. The mcr-1 gene was ... In recent years, several plasmids harbouring genes encoding phosphoethanolamine transferases conferring colistin resistance ... Characterization of a colistin-resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli ST69 isolate recovered from a broiler chicken in ...
National survey of colistin resistance among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and outbreak caused by colistin...
National survey of colistin resistance among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and outbreak caused by colistin- ... Those clonally related isolates showed variable levels of resistance to colistin, ranging from 4 to 64 mg/L. They harboured the ... isolate (0.1%). Of 561 K. pneumoniae isolates, 35 were found to be resistant to colistin (6.2%). PFGE analysis revealed a ... Among the 91 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, seven were resistant to colistin and produced different types of carbapenemases. ...
View of Use of colistin in livestock: need for a global ban
Effect of relA knockout on heterologous resistance of colistin to Acinetobacter baumannii
... YU Chun-bo1, LU Ming2, SHAO Lei3, PU ... Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, relA gene, colistin, Red homologous recombination technology, heteroresistance, persistence ... Abstract: Objective · To observe the effect of the (p)ppGpp synthase gene (relA) on the heteroresistance of colistin ... The change of heterogeneous colonies of Acinetobacter baumannii under the action of colistin was detectedpopulation analysis ...
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is one of the porphyrias, a group of diseases involving defects in heme metabolism and that results in excessive secretion of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors. AIP manifests itself by abdomen pain, neuropathies, and constipation, but, unlike most types of porphyria, patients with AIP do not have a rash.
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Mutations in respiratory complex I promote antibiotic persistence through alterations in intracellular acidity and protein...
Phenotypic prevalence of resistance to carbapenems, colistin and genes encoding carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa |...
Besides, a growing number of mobile colistin resistance (MCR) genes are threatening the renewed interest of colistin as a last ... Colistin still reserved a good effect to combine with other antibiotics in multi-resistant treatment. Hence, the classification ... Results: The results revealed that 25 strains (54.3%) were positive with mCIM test and none of them resistant to colistin by ... Therefore, the detection of carbapenem-resistant and colistin-resistant phenotypes as well as preventing transmission of multi- ...
Isolate Details | Antimicrobial Resistance Isolate Bank | Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance | CDC
Colistin Induced Neurotoxicity in a Patient with End Stage Kidney Disease and Recovery with Conventional Hemodialysis
Colistin is extensively used due to serious MDR infections. Although generally safe, loading dose of colistin recommended in ... Colistin induced neurotoxicity was diagnosed and Colistin was stopped. She underwent urgent hemodialysis with standard ... Considering meropenem has contributed to neurotoxicity of colistin, there is a strong need for colistin monotherapy studies in ... Ann Intensive Care 2011 1 14 Renal and neurological side effects of colistin in critically ill patients Utilization of colistin ...
DailyMed - ROCURONIUM BROMIDE injection, solution
Pancuronium: Package Insert - Drugs.comPlasmid-mediated colistin resistanceSulfateConferring colistin resistanceIsolatesAntibiotic colistinClinicalPolymyxinGeneEnterobacteriaceaeCaused by carbapenem-resistantMultidrug-resistantResistantTobramycinInfections2018GenesCONCLUSIONSIntravenousColy-MycinCiprofloxacinClinicallyMortalityDoseCommonlyBacteriaTypesHighCombination
Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance3
- Liu YY , Wang Y , Walsh TR , Yi LX , Zhang R , Spencer J , Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: A microbiological and molecular biological study. (cdc.gov)
- Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance ( mcr-1 gene): three months later, the story unfolds. (cdc.gov)
- In November 2015, a report from China first described plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance caused by the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
Sulfate11
- There are two forms of colistin available commercially: colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium (colistin methanesulfonate sodium, colistin sulfomethate sodium). (keralapharmacist.com)
- Colistin sulfate is stable, but colistimethate sodium is readily hydrolysed to a variety of methanesulfonated derivatives. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium are eliminated from the body by different routes. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Colistin sulfate may be used to treat intestinal infections, or to suppress colonic flora. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Colistin sulfate is also used as topical creams, powders, and otic solutions. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Colistin sulfate and colistimethate sodium may both be given intravenously, but the dosing is complicated. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Comparative study of polymyxin B and colistin sulfate in the treatment of severe comorbid patients infected with CR-GNB. (bvsalud.org)
- With the difficulties in choosing colistin sulfate and polymyxin B sulfate (PBS) for carbapenem -resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB), we compared the efficacy and safety of these two old polymyxins in treatment of critically ill patients infected with CR-GNB infection . (bvsalud.org)
- One hundred four patients infected with CR-GNB in ICU were retrospectively grouped by PBS (68 patients ) or colistin sulfate (36 patients ). (bvsalud.org)
- Demographic characteristics between colistin sulfate and PBS were not significantly different. (bvsalud.org)
- Both polymyxins can be administrated in critically ill patients infected with CR-GNB and colistin sulfate is superior to PBS in microbial clearance. (bvsalud.org)
Conferring colistin resistance1
- In recent years, several plasmids harbouring genes encoding phosphoethanolamine transferases conferring colistin resistance have been described in multiple Enterobacteriaceae species. (reading.ac.uk)
Isolates9
- Colistin MIC variability by method for contemporary clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. (cdc.gov)
- Colistimethate sodium has also been given intrathecally and intraventricularly in Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis/ventriculitis Some studies have indicated that colistin may be useful for treating infections caused by carbapenem-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Those clonally related isolates showed variable levels of resistance to colistin, ranging from 4 to 64 mg/L. They harboured the blaOXA-48 carbapenemase gene and the blaCTX-M-15 extended- spectrum beta-lactamase gene. (unifr.ch)
- Among the 91 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, seven were resistant to colistin and produced different types of carbapenemases. (unifr.ch)
- isolates showed resistance to colistin. (unifr.ch)
- This national survey including carbapenemase-producing isolates recovered in 2014 reported a high rate of colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae (6.2% and 7.7%, respectively) in France. (unifr.ch)
- mcr-1-5 genes were detected by PCR performed directly on the water samples and on the colistin resistant isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
- Of the 1,216 isolates collected, 32 (2.6%) across 12 wards were polymyxin-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range, PMB 4-256 mg/ml, and colistin 4 ≥ 16 mg/ ml). (frontiersin.org)
- If laboratories are testing to determine whether colistin can be used clinically, Enterobacteriaceae isolates with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to colistin of 4 µg/ml or higher should be tested for confirmation and the presence of mcr-1 . (cdc.gov)
Antibiotic colistin1
- The mcr-1 gene makes bacteria resistant to the antibiotic colistin, which is used as a last-resort drug to treat patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). (cdc.gov)
Clinical5
- Because colistin was introduced into clinical practice over 50 years ago, it was never subject to the regulations that modern drugs are subject to, and therefore there is no standardised dosing of colistin and no detailed trials on pharmacology or pharmacokinetics: The optimal dosing of colistin for most infections is therefore unknown. (keralapharmacist.com)
- 4 Clinical and PK/PD data demonstrate colistin has limited clinical efficacy, even if an intermediate result is obtained. (cdc.gov)
- The presence of mcr genes in the environment could be a reservoir for colistin resistance in clinical settings. (biomedcentral.com)
- Researchers presented results of the phase 3 ATTACK trial looking at carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter infections, among others, and found that sulbactam-durlobactam performed better than colistin for mortality, clinical cure, and microbiologic cure as well as having less nephrotoxicity . (medscape.com)
- There are few published clinical data available on the effectiveness of colistin, tigecycline, fosfomycin, and gentamicin (which are likely to be active in vitro against CRE) for the treatment of CSE infections. (cdc.gov)
Polymyxin2
- Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Older options might include intravenous administration of polymyxin B or colistin, drugs that are rarely used, even in large medical centers, and for which standard susceptibility criteria are not available. (medscape.com)
Gene9
- In November 2015, scientists from China reported the first instance of a gene that confers resistance to colistin, known as mcr-1 . (cdc.gov)
- Federal scientists have been searching for the mcr-1 gene in ill people, in retail meats, and in food animals since reports of its presence in other countries and have now discovered two instances of the mcr-1 gene that confers colistin resistance in the United States: one in a sample from a food animal and one in a sample from a patient . (cdc.gov)
- The mcr-1 gene is also important because of the role colistin plays in human medicine. (cdc.gov)
- A single strain of colistin-resistant E. coli was found in a pig intestinal sample, and a DNA sequence revealed that the strain contained the mcr-1 gene on a plasmid. (cdc.gov)
- Mulvey MR , Mataseje LF , Robertson J , Nash JH , Boerlin P , Toye B , Dissemination of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene. (cdc.gov)
- The mcr-5.1 and mcr-3 colistin resistance gene variants were present in widely dispersed water sources in regions of the Western Cape. (biomedcentral.com)
- The gene provides resistance to colistin, an antibiotic with nasty side effects used to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. (scienceblogs.com)
- The presence of the mcr-1 gene on a plasmid means that colistin resistance can be shared with other more resistant bacteria such as CRE, raising the possibility that untreatable bacteria could develop. (cdc.gov)
- Given the discovery of mcr-1 in a person in Pennsylvania, CDC reiterates the importance of measures to prevent transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including those resistant to colistin or carrying the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
Enterobacteriaceae1
- New Delhi metallo-β-Lactamase multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have also shown susceptibility to Colistin. (keralapharmacist.com)
Caused by carbapenem-resistant1
- We included adult inpatients with invasive infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria treated with colistin. (wustl.edu)
Multidrug-resistant1
- The emergence and spread of mobile colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes threaten the efficacy of colistin, a last resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). (biomedcentral.com)
Resistant11
- In the United States, colistin is not used to treat animals but is used as a last-resort drug to treat patients with multi-drug resistant infections caused by CRE, "the nightmare bacteria. (cdc.gov)
- The scientists also determined that the mcr-1 carrying colistin-resistant E. coli is resistant to other antibiotics including ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. (cdc.gov)
- Although our findings suggest that mcr-1 -mediated colistin resistance might be rare, CDC, FDA and USDA remind consumers that cooking all meat, poultry and fish to its proper internal temperature kills bacteria, viruses and other foodborne pathogens, whether or not they are antibiotic-resistant. (cdc.gov)
- The isolate was resistant to several antibiotics of human and veterinary importance, including colistin. (reading.ac.uk)
- Colistin is regarded as a last-resort antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), therefore the dissemination of colistin resistance in the environment is of great concern. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study aimed to describe the presence of colistin resistant GNB and mcr genes in river and storm water in regions of the Western Cape. (biomedcentral.com)
- Colistin resistant GNB were cultured on MacConkey agar containing colistin and identified by MALDI-TOF. (biomedcentral.com)
- Colistin resistant GNB were isolated from all of the water sources. (biomedcentral.com)
- 25% (6/24) of colistin resistant Aeromonas spp. (biomedcentral.com)
- Colistin- and amikacin-loaded lipid-based drug delivery systems for resistant gram-negative lung and wound bacterial infections. (nih.gov)
- In December 2013, the P. aeruginosa was resistant to tobramycin and she was treated with oral ciprofloxacin and nebulized Colistin for 6 weeks. (pediatriconcall.com)
Tobramycin2
- 8,9) Nebulized tobramycin and Colistin are widely used in treatment of Pseudomonal infection which help slow down growth, maintain lung function, and reduce frequency of pulmonary exacerbations. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Consequently, analysis focused on pentamidine, classified by NIOSH as a hazardous drug, and the antibiotics amikacin, colistin, and tobramycin, which currently lack authoritative safe handling guidelines. (cdc.gov)
Infections4
- Colistin is an older antibiotic that is effective against certain hard-to-treat bacterial infections in humans. (cdc.gov)
- Treatment of septicemic infections caused by Gram- negative bacteria sensitive to colistin. (spveterinaria.global)
- On Aetiology, Tara C. Smith writes "colistin has seen a new life in the last decade or so as a last line of defense against some of these almost-untreatable infections. (scienceblogs.com)
- Admittedly comparison with colistin is a pretty low bar to achieve, but this drug will be reviewed soon by the FDA, so we'll get a closer look at the data, and we'll be able to see whether this drug may have a role in treating incredibly difficult to treat infections such as acinetobacter. (medscape.com)
20181
- She continued to have recurrent pneumonias due to P. aeruginosa for which she was on nebulized Colistin and finally succumbed to her disease in February 2018. (pediatriconcall.com)
Genes3
- The bacteria designated by the acronym SERMOR-PROVENF (SER = Serratia, MOR = Morganella, PROV = Providencia, EN = Enterobacter, F = freundii for Citrobacter freundii ) have similar, although not identical, chromosomal beta-lactamase genes that are inducible. (medscape.com)
- Horizontal transfer of mobile colistin resistance ( mcr ) genes to potential pathogens poses a serious problem. (biomedcentral.com)
- Colistin resistance can also arise from chromosomal mutations, including those in genes encoding the two-component systems PmrAB and PhoPQ in Enterobacterales. (biomedcentral.com)
CONCLUSIONS1
- CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort, we found no association between high colistin dosing and all-cause mortality. (wustl.edu)
Intravenous1
- This complete absence of any regulation or standardisation of dose makes intravenous colistin dosing difficult for any physician. (keralapharmacist.com)
Coly-Mycin2
- Coly-mycin M 150 mg "colistin base" is 360 mg colistimethate or 4,500,000 units. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Coly-Mycin has a recommended dose of 2.5 to 5 mg/kg colistin base a day, which is equivalent to 6 to 12 mg/kg colistimethate sodium per day. (keralapharmacist.com)
Ciprofloxacin1
- Inhaled Colistin with oral ciprofloxacin is similar in effect. (pediatriconcall.com)
Clinically1
- There is no clinically useful absorption of colistin from the gastrointestinal tract. (keralapharmacist.com)
Mortality2
Dose7
- Each country has different generic preparations of colistin, and the recommended dose will depend on the manufacturer. (keralapharmacist.com)
- The Effectiveness and Safety of High-Dose Colistin: Prospective Cohort Study. (wustl.edu)
- In the latter period, a new policy of high-dose colistin (9 million international units [MIU] loading dose followed by 9 MIU daily for normal renal function) was introduced in 2 participating hospitals. (wustl.edu)
- Our primary exposure variable was colistin dose, dichotomized to high-dose vs other regimens. (wustl.edu)
- RESULTS: Of 529 consecutive patients fulfilling inclusion criteria, 144 were treated with high-dose colistin and 385 with lower-dose colistin regimens. (wustl.edu)
- There were 50 of 144 (34.7%) deaths with high-dose colistin vs 165 of 385 (42.9%) with low-dose colistin (P = .1). (wustl.edu)
- n = 396) and seizures were significantly more common with high-dose colistin. (wustl.edu)
Commonly1
- Colistin is commonly used in other parts of the world in human and animal medicine. (cdc.gov)
Bacteria3
- State labs will be able to detect new forms of antibiotic resistance-including mutations that allow bacteria to survive the effects of the last-resort drugs like colistin-and report these findings to CDC in near real-time. (cdc.gov)
- CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, in collaboration with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), will continue to look for mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance in enteric bacteria from humans, retail meat, and food animals. (cdc.gov)
- has been identified as the 2nd most consensus (ERIC) sequences which · 60 environmental samples were tak- frequent organism causing ventilator- are common to Gram-negative enteric en throughout the ICU, including associated pneumonia, the 4th most bacteria [11,12]. (who.int)
Types1
- En Égypte, les isolats des patients étaient de types ERIC VII, VIII et IX et correspondaient à ceux des tubulures des appareils d'aspiration et de respiration artificielle et des cuvettes. (who.int)
High1
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82860-0 with high-level resistance to colistin (MIC 24 mg/L) in a 6. (cdc.gov)
Combination2
- Colistin has been used in combination with rifampicin, and there is in-vitro evidence of synergy, and the combination has been used successfully in patients. (keralapharmacist.com)
- Colistin should be used in combination with one or more active antimicrobial agents. (cdc.gov)
