Cochlear Nerve
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases
Vestibular Nerve
Ear, Inner
Facial Nerve
Hearing Loss, Central
Auditory Brain Stem Implants
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Spiral Ganglion
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Tympanic Membrane
Cochlea
Organ of Corti
Plastic Embedding
Cochlear Microphonic Potentials
Neuroma, Acoustic
Sciatic Nerve
Peripheral Nerves
Horseradish Peroxidase
Optic Nerve
Nerve Fibers
Nerve Block
Nerve Endings
Sural Nerve
Median Nerve
Tibial Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
Chickens
Femoral Nerve
Spinal Nerves
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nerve Growth Factor
Trigeminal Nerve
Nerve Growth Factors
Phrenic Nerve
Radial Nerve
Cranial Nerves
Spinal Nerve Roots
Nerve Compression Syndromes
Ophthalmic Nerve
Nerve Tissue
Mandibular Nerve
Splanchnic Nerves
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Response of inferior colliculus neurons to electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in neonatally deafened cats. (1/451)
Response properties of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) were examined in control and profoundly deafened animals to electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Seven adult cats were used: two controls; four neonatally deafened (2 bilaterally, 2 unilaterally); and one long-term bilaterally deaf cat. All control cochleae were deafened immediately before recording to avoid electrophonic activation of hair cells. Histological analysis of neonatally deafened cochleae showed no evidence of hair cells and a moderate to severe spiral ganglion cell loss, whereas the long-term deaf animal had only 1-2% ganglion cell survival. Under barbiturate anesthesia, scala tympani electrodes were implanted bilaterally and the auditory nerve electrically stimulated using 100 micros/phase biphasic current pulses. Single-unit (n = 419) recordings were made through the lateral (LN) and central (ICC) nuclei of the IC; responses could be elicited readily in all animals. Approximately 80% of cells responded to contralateral stimulation, whereas nearly 75% showed an excitatory response to ipsilateral stimulation. Most units showed a monotonic increase in spike probability and reduction in latency and jitter with increasing current. Nonmonotonic activity was seen in 15% of units regardless of hearing status. Neurons in the LN exhibited longer latencies (10-25 ms) compared with those in the ICC (5-8 ms). There was a deafness-induced increase in latency, jitter, and dynamic range; the extent of these changes was related to duration of deafness. The ICC maintained a rudimentary cochleotopic organization in all neonatally deafened animals, suggesting that this organization is laid down during development in the absence of normal afferent input. Temporal resolution of IC neurons was reduced significantly in neonatal bilaterally deafened animals compared with acutely deafened controls, whereas neonatal unilaterally deafened animals showed no reduction. It would appear that monaural afferent input is sufficient to maintain normal levels of temporal resolution in auditory midbrain neurons. These experiments have shown that many of the basic response properties are similar across animals with a wide range of auditory experience. However, important differences were identified, including increased response latencies and temporal jitter, and reduced levels of temporal resolution. (+info)Coding of sound pressure level in the barn owl's auditory nerve. (2/451)
Rate-intensity functions, i.e., the relation between discharge rate and sound pressure level, were recorded from single auditory nerve fibers in the barn owl. Differences in sound pressure level between the owl's two ears are known to be an important cue in sound localization. One objective was therefore to quantify the discharge rates of auditory nerve fibers, as a basis for higher-order processing of sound pressure level. The second aim was to investigate the rate-intensity functions for cues to the underlying cochlear mechanisms, using a model developed in mammals. Rate-intensity functions at the most sensitive frequency mostly showed a well-defined breakpoint between an initial steep segment and a progressively flattening segment. This shape has, in mammals, been convincingly traced to a compressive nonlinearity in the cochlear mechanics, which in turn is a reflection of the cochlear amplifier enhancing low-level stimuli. The similarity of the rate-intensity functions of the barn owl is thus further evidence for a similar mechanism in birds. An interesting difference from mammalian data was that this compressive nonlinearity was not shared among fibers of similar characteristic frequency, suggesting a different mechanism with a more locally differentiated operation than in mammals. In all fibers, the steepest change in discharge rate with rising sound pressure level occurred within 10-20 dB of their respective thresholds. Because the range of neural thresholds at any one characteristic frequency is small in the owl, auditory nerve fibers were collectively most sensitive for changes in sound pressure level within approximately 30 dB of the best thresholds. Fibers most sensitive to high frequencies (>6-7 kHz) showed a smaller increase of rate above spontaneous discharge rate than did lower-frequency fibers. (+info)Organization of inhibitory frequency receptive fields in cat primary auditory cortex. (3/451)
Based on properties of excitatory frequency (spectral) receptive fields (esRFs), previous studies have indicated that cat primary auditory cortex (A1) is composed of functionally distinct dorsal and ventral subdivisions. Dorsal A1 (A1d) has been suggested to be involved in analyzing complex spectral patterns, whereas ventral A1 (A1v) appears better suited for analyzing narrowband sounds. However, these studies were based on single-tone stimuli and did not consider how neuronal responses to tones are modulated when the tones are part of a more complex acoustic environment. In the visual and peripheral auditory systems, stimulus components outside of the esRF can exert strong modulatory effects on responses. We investigated the organization of inhibitory frequency regions outside of the pure-tone esRF in single neurons in cat A1. We found a high incidence of inhibitory response areas (in 95% of sampled neurons) and a wide variety in the structure of inhibitory bands ranging from a single band to more than four distinct inhibitory regions. Unlike the auditory nerve where most fibers possess two surrounding "lateral" suppression bands, only 38% of A1 cells had this simple structure. The word lateral is defined in this sense to be inhibition or suppression that extends beyond the low- and high-frequency borders of the esRF. Regional differences in the distribution of inhibitory RF structure across A1 were evident. In A1d, only 16% of the cells had simple two-banded lateral RF organization, whereas 50% of A1v cells had this organization. This nonhomogeneous topographic distribution of inhibitory properties is consistent with the hypothesis that A1 is composed of at least two functionally distinct subdivisions that may be part of different auditory cortical processing streams. (+info)A possible neurophysiological basis of the octave enlargement effect. (4/451)
Although the physical octave is defined as a simple ratio of 2:1, listeners prefer slightly greater octave ratios. Ohgushi [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 1694-1700 (1983)] suggested that a temporal model for octave matching would predict this octave enlargement effect because, in response to pure tones, auditory-nerve interspike intervals are slightly larger than the stimulus period. In an effort to test Ohgushi's hypothesis, auditory-nerve single-unit responses to pure-tone stimuli were collected from Dial-anesthetized cats. It was found that although interspike interval distributions show clear phase-locking to the stimulus, intervals systematically deviate from integer multiples of the stimulus period. Due to refractory effects, intervals smaller than 5 msec are slightly larger than the stimulus period and deviate most for small intervals. On the other hand, first-order intervals are smaller than the stimulus period for stimulus frequencies less than 500 Hz. It is shown that this deviation is the combined effect of phase-locking and multiple spikes within one stimulus period. A model for octave matching was implemented which compares frequency estimates of two tones based on their interspike interval distributions. The model quantitatively predicts the octave enlargement effect. These results are consistent with the idea that musical pitch is derived from auditory-nerve interspike interval distributions. (+info)Noninvasive direct stimulation of the cochlear nerve for functional MR imaging of the auditory cortex. (5/451)
We herein present our preliminary experience with functional MR imaging of the direct electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve using an MR imaging-compatible electrode placed in the external auditory meatus of five patients with binaural sensorineural hearing loss. The stimulator was placed outside the imager's bore, and the electrode produced virtually no susceptibility artifacts. In three of five patients, it was possible to activate the superior temporal gyrus during functional MR imaging. No side effects were observed. (+info)Contributions of ion conductances to the onset responses of octopus cells in the ventral cochlear nucleus: simulation results. (6/451)
The onset response pattern displayed by octopus cells has been attributed to intrinsic membrane properties, low membrane impedance, and/or synaptic inputs. Although the importance of a low membrane impedance generally is acknowledged as an essential component, views differ on the role that ion channels play in producing the onset response. In this study, we use a computer model to investigate the contributions of ion channels to the responses of octopus cells. Simulations using current ramps indicate that, during the "ramp-up" stage, the membrane depolarizes, activating a low-threshold K(+) channel, K(LT), which increases membrane conductance and dynamically increases the current required to evoke an action potential. As a result, the model is sensitive to the rate that membrane potential changes when initiating an action potential. Results obtained when experimentally recorded spike trains of auditory-nerve fibers served as model inputs (simulating acoustic stimulation) demonstrate that a model with K(LT) conductance as the dominant conductance produces realistic onset response patterns. Systematically replacing the K(LT) conductance by a h-type conductance (which corresponds to a hyperpolarization-activated inward rectifier current, I(h)) or by a leakage conductance reduces the model's sensitivity to rate of change in membrane potential, and the model's response to "acoustic stimulation" becomes more chopper-like. Increasing the h-type conductance while maintaining a large K(LT) conductance causes an increase in threshold to both current steps and acoustic stimulation but does not significantly affect the model's sensitivity to rate of change in membrane potential and the onset response pattern under acoustic stimulation. These findings support the idea that K(LT), which is activated during depolarization, is the primary membrane conductance determining the response properties of octopus cells, and its dynamic role cannot be provided by a static membrane conductance. On the other hand, I(h), which is activated during hyperpolarization, does not play a large role in the basic onset response pattern but may regulate response threshold through its contribution to the membrane conductance. (+info)Reduced size of the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve in a child with sensorineural hearing loss. (7/451)
A 12-year-old female patient presented with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Distortion-product otoacoustic emission testing failed to reveal any measurable emissions in the affected side. MR imaging did not reveal labyrinthine malformation. Three-dimensional Fourier transformation-constructive interference in steady-state MR images showed a thin cochlear branch. We speculated that mumps infection or developmental malformation caused the unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. (+info)Morphological identification of physiologically characterized afferents innervating the turtle posterior crista. (8/451)
The turtle posterior crista consists of two hemicristae. Each hemicrista extends from the planum semilunatum to the nonsensory torus and includes a central zone (CZ) surrounded by a peripheral zone (PZ). Type I and type II hair cells are found in the CZ and are innervated by calyx, dimorphic and bouton afferents. Only type II hair cells and bouton fibers are found in the PZ. Units were intraaxonally labeled in a half-head preparation. Bouton (B) units could be near the planum (BP), near the torus (BT), or in midportions of a hemicrista, including the PZ and CZ. Discharge properties of B units vary with longitudinal position in a hemicrista but not with morphological features of their peripheral terminations. BP units are regularly discharging and have small gains and small phase leads re angular head velocity. BT units are irregular and have large gains and large phase leads. BM units have intermediate properties. Calyx (C) and dimorphic (D) units have similar discharge properties and were placed into a single calyx-bearing (CD) category. While having an irregular discharge resembling BT units, CD units have gains and phases similar to those of BM units. Rather than any single discharge property, it is the relation between discharge regularity and either gain or phase that makes CD units distinctive. Multivariate statistical formulas were developed to infer a unit's morphological class (B or CD) and longitudinal position solely from its discharge properties. To verify the use of the formulas, discharge properties were compared for units recorded intraaxonally or extracellularly in the half-head or extracellularly in intact animals. Most B units have background rates of 10-30 spikes/s. The CD category was separated into CD-high and CD-low units with background rates above or below 5 spikes/s, respectively. CD-low units have lower gains and phases and are located nearer the planum than CD-high units. In their response dynamics over a frequency range from 0.01-3 Hz, BP units conform to an overdamped torsion-pendulum model. Other units show departures from the model, including high-frequency gain increases and phase leads. The longitudinal gradient in the physiology of turtle B units resembles a similar gradient in the anamniote crista. In many respects, turtle CD units have discharge properties resembling those of calyx-bearing units in the mammalian central zone. (+info)Some examples of vestibulocochlear nerve diseases include:
1. Meniere's disease: A disorder of the inner ear that causes vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear.
2. Acoustic neuroma: A benign tumor that grows on the vestibular nerve and can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance difficulties.
3. Otosclerosis: A condition in which there is abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that can cause hearing loss and tinnitus.
4. Presbycusis: Age-related hearing loss that affects the inner ear and causes gradual hearing loss over time.
5. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A condition where an individual experiences sudden and significant hearing loss in one or both ears with no known cause.
6. Meningitis: Inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, which can affect the vestibulocochlear nerve and cause hearing loss and balance difficulties.
7. Certain medications: Certain antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and aspirin at high doses can damage the inner ear and cause temporary or permanent hearing loss.
8. Trauma to the head or ear: A head injury or a sudden blow to the ear can cause damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve and result in hearing loss or balance difficulties.
These are some of the common examples of vestibulocochlear nerve diseases, but there are other rarer conditions that can also affect the vestibulocochlear nerve. A comprehensive evaluation by an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) and a hearing specialist is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment.
This type of hearing loss cannot be treated with medication or surgery, and it is usually permanent. However, there are various assistive devices and technology available to help individuals with sensorineural hearing loss communicate more effectively, such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and FM systems.
There are several causes of sensorineural hearing loss, including:
1. Exposure to loud noises: Prolonged exposure to loud noises can damage the hair cells in the inner ear and cause permanent hearing loss.
2. Age: Sensorineural hearing loss is a common condition that affects many people as they age. It is estimated that one-third of people between the ages of 65 and 74 have some degree of hearing loss, and nearly half of those over the age of 75 have significant hearing loss.
3. Genetics: Some cases of sensorineural hearing loss are inherited and run in families.
4. Viral infections: Certain viral infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis, can damage the inner ear and cause permanent hearing loss.
5. Trauma to the head or ear: A head injury or a traumatic injury to the ear can cause sensorineural hearing loss.
6. Tumors: Certain types of tumors, such as acoustic neuroma, can cause sensorineural hearing loss by affecting the auditory nerve.
7. Ototoxicity: Certain medications, such as certain antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, and aspirin at high doses, can be harmful to the inner ear and cause permanent hearing loss.
It is important to note that sensorineural hearing loss cannot be cured, but there are many resources available to help individuals with this condition communicate more effectively and improve their quality of life.
There are several types of deafness, including:
1. Conductive hearing loss: This type of deafness is caused by problems with the middle ear, including the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear. It can be treated with hearing aids or surgery.
2. Sensorineural hearing loss: This type of deafness is caused by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve. It is typically permanent and cannot be treated with medication or surgery.
3. Mixed hearing loss: This type of deafness is a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.
4. Auditory processing disorder (APD): This is a condition in which the brain has difficulty processing sounds, even though the ears are functioning normally.
5. Tinnitus: This is a condition characterized by ringing or other sounds in the ears when there is no external source of sound. It can be a symptom of deafness or a separate condition.
There are several ways to diagnose deafness, including:
1. Hearing tests: These can be done in a doctor's office or at a hearing aid center. They involve listening to sounds through headphones and responding to them.
2. Imaging tests: These can include X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to look for any physical abnormalities in the ear or brain.
3. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing: This is a test that measures the electrical activity of the brain in response to sound. It can be used to diagnose hearing loss in infants and young children.
4. Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) testing: This is a test that measures the sounds produced by the inner ear in response to sound. It can be used to diagnose hearing loss in infants and young children.
There are several ways to treat deafness, including:
1. Hearing aids: These are devices that amplify sound and can be worn in or behind the ear. They can help improve hearing for people with mild to severe hearing loss.
2. Cochlear implants: These are devices that are implanted in the inner ear and can bypass damaged hair cells to directly stimulate the auditory nerve. They can help restore hearing for people with severe to profound hearing loss.
3. Speech therapy: This can help people with hearing loss improve their communication skills, such as speaking and listening.
4. Assistive technology: This can include devices such as captioned phones, alerting systems, and assistive listening devices that can help people with hearing loss communicate more effectively.
5. Medications: There are several medications available that can help treat deafness, such as antibiotics for bacterial infections or steroids to reduce inflammation.
6. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to treat deafness, such as when there is a blockage in the ear or when a tumor is present.
7. Stem cell therapy: This is a relatively new area of research that involves using stem cells to repair damaged hair cells in the inner ear. It has shown promising results in some studies.
8. Gene therapy: This involves using genes to repair or replace damaged or missing genes that can cause deafness. It is still an experimental area of research, but it has shown promise in some studies.
9. Implantable devices: These are devices that are implanted in the inner ear and can help restore hearing by bypassing damaged hair cells. Examples include cochlear implants and auditory brainstem implants.
10. Binaural hearing: This involves using a combination of hearing aids and technology to improve hearing in both ears, which can help improve speech recognition and reduce the risk of falls.
It's important to note that the best treatment for deafness will depend on the underlying cause of the condition, as well as the individual's age, overall health, and personal preferences. It's important to work with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment.
Synonyms: acoustic neuroma, vestibular schwannoma
Previous term: Necropsy Next term: Neurodegeneration
Types of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:
1. Traumatic Nerve Injury: This type of injury occurs due to direct trauma to the nerve, such as a blow or a crush injury.
2. Compression Neuropathy: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is compressed or pinched, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
3. Stretch Injury: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is stretched or overstretched, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
4. Entrapment Neuropathy: This type of injury occurs when a nerve is compressed or trapped between two structures, leading to damage or disruption of the nerve signal.
Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:
1. Weakness or paralysis of specific muscle groups
2. Numbness or tingling in the affected area
3. Pain or burning sensation in the affected area
4. Difficulty with balance and coordination
5. Abnormal reflexes
6. Incontinence or other bladder or bowel problems
Causes of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:
1. Trauma, such as a car accident or fall
2. Sports injuries
3. Repetitive strain injuries, such as those caused by repetitive motions in the workplace or during sports activities
4. Compression or entrapment of nerves, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or tarsal tunnel syndrome
5. Infections, such as Lyme disease or diphtheria
6. Tumors or cysts that compress or damage nerves
7. Vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 deficiency
8. Autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
9. Toxins, such as heavy metals or certain chemicals
Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries:
1. Physical therapy to improve strength and range of motion
2. Medications to manage pain and inflammation
3. Surgery to release compressed nerves or repair damaged nerves
4. Electrical stimulation therapy to promote nerve regeneration
5. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to stimulate healing
6. Stem cell therapy to promote nerve regeneration
7. Injection of botulinum toxin to relieve pain and reduce muscle spasticity
8. Orthotics or assistive devices to improve mobility and function
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of a peripheral nerve injury, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes.
There are several types of nerve compression syndromes, including:
1. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, commonly caused by repetitive motion or injury.
2. Tarsal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the posterior tibial nerve in the ankle, similar to carpal tunnel syndrome but affecting the lower leg.
3. Cubital tunnel syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, often caused by repetitive leaning or bending.
4. Thoracic outlet syndrome: Compression of the nerves and blood vessels that pass through the thoracic outlet (the space between the neck and shoulder), often caused by poor posture or injury.
5. Peripheral neuropathy: A broader term for damage to the peripheral nerves, often caused by diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or other systemic conditions.
6. Meralgia paresthetica: Compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the thigh, commonly caused by direct trauma or compression from a tight waistband or clothing.
7. Morton's neuroma: Compression of the plantar digital nerves between the toes, often caused by poorly fitting shoes or repetitive stress on the feet.
8. Neuralgia: A general term for pain or numbness caused by damage or irritation to a nerve, often associated with chronic conditions such as shingles or postherpetic neuralgia.
9. Trigeminal neuralgia: A condition characterized by recurring episodes of sudden, extreme pain in the face, often caused by compression or irritation of the trigeminal nerve.
10. Neuropathic pain: Pain that occurs as a result of damage or dysfunction of the nervous system, often accompanied by other symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness.
Cochlear nerve
Stria vascularis of cochlear duct
Signal transduction
Malvin Carl Teich
D. Kent Morest
Ototoxicity
Johns Hopkins Biomedical Engineering
Michael I. Miller
Cochlear implant
Electronystagmography
Binaural fusion
Electrocochleography
Brain implant
Modiolus (cochlea)
Spike response model
Arthur Böttcher
Acoustic tubercle
Cranial nerves
Sharon Kujawa
Tympanic duct
Sensorineural hearing loss
Ventral cochlear nucleus
Tone decay test
Isothalamus
Cochlear nucleus
Claude-Henri Chouard
Spiral ganglion
EAST syndrome
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Deafness
Cranial nerve nucleus
Acoustic reflex
List of University of Sydney people
Brain-computer interface
Medial vestibular nucleus
Pitch (music)
Auditory masking
Temporal envelope and fine structure
Olivocochlear system
2019 in paleomammalogy
Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome
Neural dust
Robert MacLaren
Hyperacusis
Cyberware
History of neurology and neurosurgery
Biomaterial
Leptomeningeal cancer
Startle response
Arts syndrome
Michel aplasia
Hensen's cell
Hallowell Davis
Index of anatomy articles
Neurectomy
Noggin (protein)
Glossary of communication disorders
Thomas J. Balkany
Management of Cochlear Nerve Hypoplasia and Aplasia - PubMed
Adding insult to injury: cochlear nerve degeneration after 'temporary' noise-induced hearing loss - PubMed
Audiological evalutation of the cochlear nerve with brainstem evoked response audiometry in patients with COVID-19 | Taş |...
Cochlear aging disrupts the correlation between spontaneous rate- and sound-level coding in auditory nerve fibers. | J...
On the Anatomical Relations of the Nuclei of Reception of the Cochlear and Vestibular Nerves - Digital Collections - National...
On the Anatomical Relations of the Nuclei of Reception of the Cochlear and Vestibular Nerves - Digital Collections - National...
Constructing noise-invariant representations of sound in the auditory pathway
Acoustic neuroma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Hearing Loss Treatment and Intervention Services | CDC
What does vestibulocochlear nerve mean?
Mark Russo, MD| Head And Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology | MedStar Health
Fitzgerald's Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience Elsevier eBook on VitalSource (Retail Access Card), 8th Edition -...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Dynamic Range Adaptation to Sound Level Statistics in the Auditory Nerve | Journal of Neuroscience
IndexCat
Franck FORTERRE | Universität Bern, Bern | UniBe | Vetsuisse Faculty | Research profile
Synaptopathy and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Animal Studies and Implications for Human Hearing | NIDCD
IndexCat
Ears (for Teens) - DEMO - Generic Licensee
Frontiers | Bilateral Vestibular Weakness
Biomarkers Search
Technical Notes. NLM Technical Bulletin. Jan-Feb 2000
Biomarkers Search
Ichiji Tasaki, M.D. Bibliography- Peter Basser Lab | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and...
Diagnosing hidden hearing loss | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Implants15
- Unlike a hearing aid, cochlear implants do not make sounds louder. (cdc.gov)
- What Are Cochlear Implants? (akronchildrens.org)
- Cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve directly. (akronchildrens.org)
- How Do Cochlear Implants Work? (akronchildrens.org)
- But cochlear implants let someone sense sound that they couldn't hear otherwise. (akronchildrens.org)
- Cochlear implants are considered for children with profound hearing loss who can be as young as 9 months old. (akronchildrens.org)
- A cochlear implant team will help decide if cochlear implants are a good option. (akronchildrens.org)
- Depending on a child's hearing, the doctor may recommend getting two cochlear implants, one for each ear. (akronchildrens.org)
- Children with cochlear implants have a higher risk for some types of meningitis. (akronchildrens.org)
- Children over 2 years old with cochlear implants also should get the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) to help protect against meningitis. (akronchildrens.org)
- The personal injury attorneys at Rosenfeld Injury Lawyers, LLC can serve as legal advocates for families filing defective cochlear implant lawsuits involving defective implants. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- The parents want to help their children by offering life-changing opportunities, such as Advanced Bionics cochlear implants. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- Patients with cochlear implants have faced an extensive history of severe complications for decades. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- Medical device manufacturers design cochlear implants for adults and children suffering severe hearing loss where traditional devices are ineffective. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- But like retinal implants -- the so-far-unsuccessful attempts to make the blind see -- cochlear implants are downstream tinkering: They use existing nerve bundles to reach the brain, rather than connecting to the brain directly. (bibliotecapleyades.net)
Ventral cochlea3
- Single-unit recordings of auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) and ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) neurons in live rodents. (uclm.es)
- Enhancement and distortion in the temporal representation of sounds in the ventral cochlear nucleus of chinchillas and cats. (uclm.es)
- The model consists of seven blocks: the basilar membrane (BM), the inner hair cell (IHC), the primary auditory nerve (AN), the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), the inferior colliculus (IC), the medial geniculate body (MGB), and the A1 neuron. (actapress.com)
Cochlea5
- Persons with severe to profound hearing loss due to an absent or very small hearing nerve or severely abnormal inner ear (cochlea), may not benefit from a hearing aid or cochlear implant. (cdc.gov)
- The snail-shaped cochlea changes the vibrations from the middle ear into nerve signals. (kidshealth.org)
- The cochlear nerve, which is attached to the cochlea and sends sound information to the brain, and the vestibular nerve, which carries balance information from the semicircular canals to the brain, together make up the vestibulocochlear (pronounced: vess-tib-yuh-lo-KOH-klee-er) nerve. (kidshealth.org)
- Most tinnitus is "sensorineural," meaning that it's due to hearing loss at the cochlea or cochlear nerve level. (banishtinnitus.net)
- Unlike hearing aids in each ear, a cochlear implant delivers sound directly to the patient's auditory nerves in the inner ear ( cochlea ). (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
Fibers5
- Specifically, the range of sound levels over which firing rates of auditory nerve (AN) fibers grows rapidly with level shifts nearly linearly with the most probable levels in a dynamic sound stimulus. (jneurosci.org)
- They are well-circumscribed encapsulated masses that, unlike neuromas, arise from but are separate from nerve fibers 7 , which they usually splay and displace rather than engulf. (radiopaedia.org)
- The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei ( COCHLEAR NUCLEUS ) of the BRAIN STEM . (bvsalud.org)
- We hypothesized that NAD might also protect auditory nerve fibers (ANF) and SGN from Mn injury. (cdc.gov)
- The tongue receives fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve, the facial nerve receives fibers from the chorda tympani, and the trigeminal nerve receives fibers from the lingual branch and vagus nerve posteriorly. (medscape.com)
Vestibular9
- This nerve is called the vestibular cochlear nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
- Reduced or absent vestibular function on both sides, resulting from deficits in the labyrinths, or vestibular nerves, or their combination, is referred to in the recent consensus statement from the Bárány Society ( 1 ) as "bilateral vestibulopathy. (frontiersin.org)
- For example, gentamicin ototoxicity affects the entire labyrinth (with variable degrees of severity), whereas bilateral sequential vestibular neuritis tends to involve the superior divisions of the vestibular nerves (see discussion below). (frontiersin.org)
- The hairs send this position information as signals through the vestibular (pronounced: veh-STIB-yuh-ler) nerve to your brain. (kidshealth.org)
- Vestibular schwannomas , also known as acoustic neuromas , are relatively common tumors that arise from the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) and represent ~80% of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) masses . (radiopaedia.org)
- The term vestibular schwannoma is preferred as these tumors most frequently arise from the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve and arise from Schwann cells 13 . (radiopaedia.org)
- Vestibular schwannomas are benign tumors (WHO grade 1), which usually arise from the intracanalicular segment of the vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) 2,4 . (radiopaedia.org)
- In over 90% of cases, these tumors arise from the inferior division of the vestibular nerve 8 . (radiopaedia.org)
- Vestibular Schwannoma ) Acoustic neuroma is a benign tumor that grows in the internal auditory canal and affects the hearing, facial, and balance nerves. (earsite.com)
Implant14
- A cochlear implant may help many children with severe to profound hearing loss - even very young children. (cdc.gov)
- A cochlear implant sends sound signals directly to the hearing nerve. (cdc.gov)
- An auditory brainstem implant directly stimulates the hearing pathways in the brainstem, bypassing the inner ear and hearing nerve. (cdc.gov)
- A cochlear implant is a surgically placed device that helps a person with severe hearing loss hear sounds. (akronchildrens.org)
- Is Hearing With a Cochlear Implant Like Normal Hearing? (akronchildrens.org)
- Sound quality from a cochlear implant is different from that in normal hearing. (akronchildrens.org)
- Who Can Get a Cochlear Implant? (akronchildrens.org)
- What Happens During Cochlear Implant Surgery? (akronchildrens.org)
- Cochlear implant surgery is done under general anesthesia . (akronchildrens.org)
- Are There Risks to Cochlear Implant Surgery? (akronchildrens.org)
- Are you or your child victims of medical malpractice where the doctor's negligence led to a cochlear implant mistake? (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- Did the Food and Drug Administration recall your Advanced Bionics cochlear implant due to malfunction? (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- Call our defective product attorneys at (888) 424-5757 (toll-free phone call) or use the contact form today to schedule a free consultation related to a potential cochlear implant civil lawsuit. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- Data from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders ( NIDCD ) revealed tens of thousands of adults and children chose to undergo cochlear implant surgery. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
Cranial nerve2
- Possibilities include cerebellar and brainstem symptoms (e.g. cranial nerve dysfunction, other than vestibulocochlear), or hydrocephalus due to effacement of the fourth ventricle. (radiopaedia.org)
- The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve ( VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE ). (bvsalud.org)
Vestibulocochlear nerve1
- Less than 5% cases arise from the cochlear component of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) 13 . (radiopaedia.org)
Originate1
- They were classically described as originating near the transition zone between glial and Schwann cells but contemporary data suggests they can originate at any point along the nerve 8,16,17 . (radiopaedia.org)
Nervous System1
- The role of the efferent auditory nervous system in the development of cochlear resistance to noise , and the importance of the crossed olivo cochlear bundle (COCB) were studied in chinchillas. (cdc.gov)
Acoustic3
- Few surgeons would remove an acoustic neuroma without a functioning facial nerve monitor. (medscape.com)
- An acoustic neuroma is a slow-growing tumor of the nerve that connects the ear to the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
- Removing an acoustic neuroma can damage nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
Implantation1
- The outcome of cochlear implantation among children with genetic syndromes. (cdc.gov)
Surgically2
- Additional growth of the tumor may make it more difficult to surgically dissect it from the facial nerve or brainstem. (earsite.com)
- It is surgically more difficult to dissect the tumor from the facial nerve or brainstem after having had radiation treatment. (earsite.com)
Severe1
- Individuals who have had severe facial nerve injury experience degraded self-image and loss of self-confidence and self-esteem. (medscape.com)
Facial nerve13
- The use of intraoperative facial nerve monitors has resulted in objectively demonstrable improvement in facial nerve outcome for patients undergoing posterior fossa surgery for tumor removal. (medscape.com)
- The importance of such monitors is borne out by the devastating complications that can result from facial nerve injury during surgery, including grotesque alteration of facial appearance, exposure of the eye to vision-threatening desiccation and infection, and impairment of competence of the oral sphincter, resulting in drooling and alterations in vocal quality. (medscape.com)
- Consequently, surgeons who operate in the anatomic areas traversed by the facial nerve (see the image below) welcome and accept any adjunctive technique that potentially reduces the incidence of facial paralysis . (medscape.com)
- The surgical anatomy and landmarks of the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
- However, although, as stated, intraoperative facial nerve monitoring has resulted in demonstrably improved facial nerve outcomes in posterior fossa tumor surgery, objective documentation of improved results in mastoid and middle ear surgery is not yet forthcoming. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Nonetheless, many surgeons are convinced, despite the absence of objective data, that the facial nerve monitor is helpful for otologic surgery and regularly use it for routine otologic operations. (medscape.com)
- Facial nerve monitoring is not a panacea, and it does not substitute for anatomic knowledge. (medscape.com)
- The facial nerve can be injured by direct mechanical disruption from a rotating burr, transection with a sharp instrument, accidental evulsion (eg, from traction), or a crushing injury. (medscape.com)
- A rotating surgical burr can produce thermal injury without directly contacting the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
- consequently, mechanical techniques are less sensitive to facial nerve stimulation than are electrophysiologic techniques. (medscape.com)
- In 1979, Delgado became the first person to use electrophysiologic monitoring of the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
- As a practical matter, neurophysiologic monitoring of the facial nerve continuously evaluates the electromyographic activity in the monitored facial muscles. (medscape.com)
- In the process, the facial nerve becomes scarred into the tumor. (earsite.com)
Degeneration2
- New evidence indicates that TTS-inducing exposures may cause an irreversible loss of neural synapses and degeneration of the cochlear nerve even after hearing thresholds completely recover. (cdc.gov)
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide prevents neuroaxonal degeneration induced by manganese in cochlear organotypic cultures. (cdc.gov)
Surgery2
- Surgery or a type of radiation treatment is done to remove the tumor and prevent other nerve damage. (medlineplus.gov)
- Since 1972, many individuals with hearing impairments have undergone cochlear device surgery. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
Hearing6
- Signs of nerve damage such as loss of hearing or weakness of the face may be delayed after radiosurgery. (medlineplus.gov)
- It turns sound vibrations into electrical signals that travel along the auditory (hearing) nerve. (akronchildrens.org)
- If the source of the problem remains unclear, you may be sent to an otologist or an otolaryngologist (both ear specialists) or an audiologist (a hearing specialist) for hearing and nerve tests. (banishtinnitus.net)
- A cochlear device does not restore the patient's hearing to normal. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
- In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system: mechanical waves, known as vibrations are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain (primarily in the temporal lobe). (crystalinks.com)
- Cochlear nerve aplasia also appears to be commonly related do unilateral sensorioneural hearing loss 5 . (bvsalud.org)
Radial2
- The deltoid area should be used only if well-developed such as in certain adults and older children, and then only with caution to avoid radial nerve injury. (who.int)
- Neurological disorders include cochlear lesions, brachial plexus neuropathies, paralysis of radial or recurrent nerves, accommodation paresis, EEG disturbances. (inchem.org)
Peripheral1
- Persistent exposures to high atmospheric levels of Mn have deleterious effects on CNS and peripheral nerves including those associated with the auditory system. (cdc.gov)
Absent1
- The auditory nerve is damaged or absent. (akronchildrens.org)
Patients2
- Un examen clinique, une évaluation audiométrique ainsi qu'une tomodensitométrie ont été réalisés en préopératoire chez tous les patients. (who.int)
- Because the trigeminal nerve supplies the nasal cavity, patients with inflammatory mucosal contact points and nasal obstruction may develop symptoms in their ears. (medscape.com)
Mediate1
- [ 9 ] ) The third division of the trigeminal nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve mediate pain, which is often perceived deep within the ear. (medscape.com)
Electrodes1
- The electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve. (akronchildrens.org)
Mechanical2
Ears1
- Ears adjust thanks to the narrow Eustachian (pronounced: yoo-STAY-she-en) tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and acts as a sort of pressure valve, so the pressure stays balanced on both sides of the eardrum. (kidshealth.org)
Stimulation1
- Irritative lesions at any of these sites may mimic stimulation of Arnold and Jacobson nerves. (medscape.com)
Sound1
- Over time the tiny hair cells of the inner ear wear out and can no longer convert sound into nerve signals that go to the brain. (who.int)
Children1
- In infants and small children the periphery of the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal region should be used only when necessary, in order to minimize the possibility of damage to the sciatic nerve. (who.int)
Grows1
- However, it can damage several important nerves as it grows. (medlineplus.gov)
Travel to the brain1
- These signals travel to the brain along the cochlear nerve, also known as the auditory nerve. (kidshealth.org)
Device1
- While recommending a cochlear medical device, the doctor will likely discuss specific facts about the procedure and what to expect in the days, weeks, and months following the surgical operation. (rosenfeldinjurylawyers.com)
Hair cells4
- Sensory hair cells located in the organ of Corti are essential for cochlear mechanosensation. (nature.com)
- Here we analyze gene and protein expression of the developing human inner ear in a temporal window spanning from week 8 to 12 post conception, when cochlear hair cells become specified. (nature.com)
- Hair cells and their surrounding non-sensory supporting cells derive from SOX2+ progenitors within a region of the developing cochlear duct known as the prosensory domain (PSD) 1 . (nature.com)
- The first appearance of hair cells within the human cochlear duct has previously been reported during the 12-13th week of development 12 . (nature.com)