AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
CochleaHair Cells, AuditoryOrgan of CortiSpiral GanglionCochlear DiseasesHair Cells, Auditory, InnerHair Cells, Auditory, OuterSpiral Ligament of CochleaHearingEar, InnerLabyrinth Supporting CellsEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemStria VascularisCochlear NerveRound Window, EarCochlear Microphonic PotentialsDeafnessPerilymphEndolymphStapesOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousTectorial MembraneScala TympaniHearing LossHearing Loss, Noise-InducedCochlear DuctAuditory ThresholdTemporal BoneChinchillaAcoustic StimulationHearing Loss, SensorineuralGerbillinaeGuinea PigsCochlear ImplantationTympanic MembraneNoiseVestibulocochlear NerveCochlear ImplantsEar, MiddleEar CanalPresbycusisAuditory PathwaysLabyrinthine FluidsVestibule, LabyrinthNeurons, EfferentEvoked Potentials, AuditorySoundEndolymphatic HydropsCochlear NucleusPetrous BoneOtologic Surgical ProceduresEar OssiclesLabyrinth DiseasesMechanotransduction, CellularMice, Inbred CBAEfferent PathwaysVibrationAcousticsHearing DisordersVestibulocochlear Nerve DiseasesMeniere DiseaseEarSaccule and UtricleAnimals, NewbornAudiometryInterferometryAudiometry, Pure-ToneAnatomy, RegionalKanamycinHearing TestsEndolymphatic SacInferior ColliculiOlivary NucleusStereociliaTinnitus
Cochlea
The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.
Hair Cells, Auditory
Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.
Organ of Corti
The spiral EPITHELIUM containing sensory AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and supporting cells in the cochlea. Organ of Corti, situated on the BASILAR MEMBRANE and overlaid by a gelatinous TECTORIAL MEMBRANE, converts sound-induced mechanical waves to neural impulses to the brain.
Spiral Ganglion
The sensory ganglion of the COCHLEAR NERVE. The cells of the spiral ganglion send fibers peripherally to the cochlear hair cells and centrally to the COCHLEAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM.
Cochlear Diseases
Pathological processes of the snail-like structure (COCHLEA) of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which can involve its nervous tissue, blood vessels, or fluid (ENDOLYMPH).
Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner
Auditory sensory cells of organ of Corti, usually placed in one row medially to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus). Inner hair cells are in fewer numbers than the OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS, and their STEREOCILIA are approximately twice as thick as those of the outer hair cells.
Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer
Sensory cells of organ of Corti. In mammals, they are usually arranged in three or four rows, and away from the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), lateral to the INNER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and other supporting structures. Their cell bodies and STEREOCILIA increase in length from the cochlear base toward the apex and laterally across the rows, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.
Spiral Ligament of Cochlea
A spiral thickening of the fibrous lining of the cochlear wall. Spiral ligament secures the membranous COCHLEAR DUCT to the bony spiral canal of the COCHLEA. Its spiral ligament fibrocytes function in conjunction with the STRIA VASCULARIS to mediate cochlear ion homeostasis.
Hearing
The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.
Ear, Inner
The essential part of the hearing organ consists of two labyrinthine compartments: the bony labyrinthine and the membranous labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is a complex of three interconnecting cavities or spaces (COCHLEA; VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH; and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS) in the TEMPORAL BONE. Within the bony labyrinth lies the membranous labyrinth which is a complex of sacs and tubules (COCHLEAR DUCT; SACCULE AND UTRICLE; and SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS) forming a continuous space enclosed by EPITHELIUM and connective tissue. These spaces are filled with LABYRINTHINE FLUIDS of various compositions.
Labyrinth Supporting Cells
Cells forming a framework supporting the sensory AUDITORY HAIR CELLS in the organ of Corti. Lateral to the medial inner hair cells, there are inner pillar cells, outer pillar cells, Deiters cells, Hensens cells, Claudius cells, Boettchers cells, and others.
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
Electrical waves in the CEREBRAL CORTEX generated by BRAIN STEM structures in response to auditory click stimuli. These are found to be abnormal in many patients with CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE lesions, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, or other DEMYELINATING DISEASES.
Stria Vascularis
A layer of stratified EPITHELIUM forming the endolymphatic border of the cochlear duct at the lateral wall of the cochlea. Stria vascularis contains primarily three cell types (marginal, intermediate, and basal), and capillaries. The marginal cells directly facing the ENDOLYMPH are important in producing ion gradients and endochoclear potential.
Cochlear Nerve
The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.
Round Window, Ear
Fenestra of the cochlea, an opening in the basal wall between the MIDDLE EAR and the INNER EAR, leading to the cochlea. It is closed by a secondary tympanic membrane.
Cochlear Microphonic Potentials
The electric response of the cochlear hair cells to acoustic stimulation.
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.
Perilymph
The fluid separating the membranous labyrinth from the osseous labyrinth of the ear. It is entirely separate from the ENDOLYMPH which is contained in the membranous labyrinth. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1396, 642)
Endolymph
The lymph fluid found in the membranous labyrinth of the ear. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Stapes
One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the INCUS to the internal ear (Ear, Internal see LABYRINTH).
Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous
Self-generated faint acoustic signals from the inner ear (COCHLEA) without external stimulation. These faint signals can be recorded in the EAR CANAL and are indications of active OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are found in all classes of land vertebrates.
Tectorial Membrane
A membrane, attached to the bony SPIRAL LAMINA, overlying and coupling with the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI in the inner ear. It is a glycoprotein-rich keratin-like layer containing fibrils embedded in a dense amorphous substance.
Scala Tympani
The lower chamber of the COCHLEA, extending from the round window to the helicotrema (the opening at the apex that connects the PERILYMPH-filled spaces of scala tympani and SCALA VESTIBULI).
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.
Cochlear Duct
A spiral tube that is firmly suspended in the bony shell-shaped part of the cochlea. This ENDOLYMPH-filled cochlear duct begins at the vestibule and makes 2.5 turns around a core of spongy bone (the modiolus) thus dividing the PERILYMPH-filled spiral canal into two channels, the SCALA VESTIBULI and the SCALA TYMPANI.
Auditory Threshold
The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.
Temporal Bone
Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).
Chinchilla
A genus of the family Chinchillidae which consists of three species: C. brevicaudata, C. lanigera, and C. villidera. They are used extensively in biomedical research.
Acoustic Stimulation
Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.
Gerbillinae
A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.
Guinea Pigs
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
Cochlear Implantation
Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.
Tympanic Membrane
An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.
Noise
Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (COCHLEAR NERVE) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (VESTIBULAR NERVE) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI.
Cochlear Implants
Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, but defective inner ear function. In the COCHLEA, the hair cells (HAIR CELLS, VESTIBULAR) may be absent or damaged but there are residual nerve fibers. The device electrically stimulates the COCHLEAR NERVE to create sound sensation.
Ear, Middle
The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.
Ear Canal
The narrow passage way that conducts the sound collected by the EAR AURICLE to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Presbycusis
Gradual bilateral hearing loss associated with aging that is due to progressive degeneration of cochlear structures and central auditory pathways. Hearing loss usually begins with the high frequencies then progresses to sounds of middle and low frequencies.
Auditory Pathways
NEURAL PATHWAYS and connections within the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, beginning at the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, continuing along the eighth cranial nerve, and terminating at the AUDITORY CORTEX.
Labyrinthine Fluids
Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332)
Vestibule, Labyrinth
An oval, bony chamber of the inner ear, part of the bony labyrinth. It is continuous with bony COCHLEA anteriorly, and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS posteriorly. The vestibule contains two communicating sacs (utricle and saccule) of the balancing apparatus. The oval window on its lateral wall is occupied by the base of the STAPES of the MIDDLE EAR.
Neurons, Efferent
Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.
Evoked Potentials, Auditory
The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.
Sound
A type of non-ionizing radiation in which energy is transmitted through solid, liquid, or gas as compression waves. Sound (acoustic or sonic) radiation with frequencies above the audible range is classified as ultrasonic. Sound radiation below the audible range is classified as infrasonic.
Endolymphatic Hydrops
An accumulation of ENDOLYMPH in the inner ear (LABYRINTH) leading to buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures, such as COCHLEA and SEMICIRCULAR CANALS. It is characterized by SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; and sometimes VERTIGO.
Cochlear Nucleus
The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus is located lateral and dorsolateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncles and is functionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts. It is tonotopically organized, performs the first stage of central auditory processing, and projects (directly or indirectly) to higher auditory areas including the superior olivary nuclei, the medial geniculi, the inferior colliculi, and the auditory cortex.
Petrous Bone
The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.
Otologic Surgical Procedures
Surgery performed on the external, middle, or internal ear.
Ear Ossicles
A mobile chain of three small bones (INCUS; MALLEUS; STAPES) in the TYMPANIC CAVITY between the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and the oval window on the wall of INNER EAR. Sound waves are converted to vibration by the tympanic membrane then transmitted via these ear ossicles to the inner ear.
Labyrinth Diseases
Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).
Mechanotransduction, Cellular
The process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into a chemical response. It can occur in both cells specialized for sensing mechanical cues such as MECHANORECEPTORS, and in parenchymal cells whose primary function is not mechanosensory.
Mice, Inbred CBA
Efferent Pathways
Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.
Vibration
A continuing periodic change in displacement with respect to a fixed reference. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Acoustics
The branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. In medicine it is often applied in procedures in speech and hearing studies. With regard to the environment, it refers to the characteristics of a room, auditorium, theatre, building, etc. that determines the audibility or fidelity of sounds in it. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Hearing Disorders
Conditions that impair the transmission of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices, including the sensorineural pathways.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases
Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS.
Meniere Disease
A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.
Ear
The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.
Saccule and Utricle
Two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the INNER EAR. The saccule communicates with COCHLEAR DUCT through the ductus reuniens, and communicates with utricle through the utriculosaccular duct from which the ENDOLYMPHATIC DUCT arises. The utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the VESTIBULAR NERVE.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Audiometry
The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are used to test air conduction thresholds and the frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz are used to test bone conduction thresholds.
Interferometry
Measurement of distances or movements by means of the phenomena caused by the interference of two rays of light (optical interferometry) or of sound (acoustic interferometry).
Audiometry, Pure-Tone
Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli.
Anatomy, Regional
The anatomical study of specific regions or parts of organisms, emphasizing the relationship between the various structures (e.g. muscles, nerves, skeletal, cardiovascular, etc.).
Kanamycin
Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.
Hearing Tests
Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.
Endolymphatic Sac
The blind pouch at the end of the endolymphatic duct. It is a storage reservoir for excess ENDOLYMPH, formed by the blood vessels in the membranous labyrinth.
Inferior Colliculi
The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function.
Olivary Nucleus
A part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA situated in the olivary body. It is involved with motor control and is a major source of sensory input to the CEREBELLUM.
Stereocilia
Mechanosensing organelles of hair cells which respond to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes. They have various functions in many different animals, but are primarily used in hearing.
Tinnitus
A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.

3D MRI of the membranous labyrinth. An age related comparison of MR findings in patients with labyrinthine fibrosis and in persons without inner ear symptoms. (1/1700)

PURPOSE: We compared MRI of the membranous labyrinth in patients with chronic non-neoplastic inner ear disease and MR signs of labyrinthine fibrosis and controls depending on their age, in order to establish whether there were any MR differences regarding patient age groups, control age groups and between the patients and controls themselves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical ENT examinations as well as a T2* weighted 3D CISS (Constructive Interference in Steady State) sequence with a slice thickness of 0.7 mm were performed. Our collective was subdivided as follows: 0-19 years (10 controls, 3 patients with chronic non-neoplastic inner ear disease), 20-49 years (55 controls, 8 patients), 50 years and older (40 controls, 22 patients). Detectability of labyrinthine structures (e.g. cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals) and filling defects were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 3 age-groups of the control collective no significant differences were observed in the membranous labyrinth. However differences concerning labyrinthine detectability emerged between controls and patients in both the 20-49 years and 50 years and older age groups. In the patient collective the 3 age groups showed no significant discrepancy in the mean number of lesions. CONCLUSION: Filling defects of the membranous labyrinth on 3D CISS MR images are pathological even in older persons. We would therefore recommend high resolution T2* weighted MRI in the case of suspected labyrinthine fibrosis.  (+info)

Inner ear and kidney anomalies caused by IAP insertion in an intron of the Eya1 gene in a mouse model of BOR syndrome. (2/1700)

A spontaneous mutation causing deafness and circling behavior was discovered in a C3H/HeJ colony of mice at the Jackson Laboratory. Pathological analysis of mutant mice revealed gross morphological abnormalities of the inner ear, and also dysmorphic or missing kidneys. The deafness and abnormal behavior were shown to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and mapped to mouse chromosome 1 near the position of the Eya1 gene. The human homolog of this gene, EYA1, has been shown to underly branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hearing loss with associated branchial and renal anomalies. Molecular analysis of the Eya1 gene in mutant mice revealed the insertion of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) element in intron 7. The presence of the IAP insertion was associated with reduced expression of the normal Eya1 message and formation of additional aberrant transcripts. The hypomorphic nature of the mutation may explain its recessive inheritance, if protein levels in homozygotes, but not heterozygotes, are below a critical threshold needed for normal developmental function. The new mouse mutation is designated Eya1(bor) to denote its similarity to human BOR syndrome, and will provide a valuable model for studying mutant gene expression and etiology.  (+info)

Synapses involving auditory nerve fibers in primate cochlea. (3/1700)

The anatomical mechanisms for processing auditory signals are extremely complex and incompletely understood, despite major advances already made with the use of electron microscopy. A major enigma, for example, is the presence in the mammalian cochlea of a double hair cell receptor system. A renewed attempt to discover evidence of synaptic coupling between the two systems in the primate cochlea, postulated from physiological studies, has failed. However, in the outer spiral bundle the narrow and rigid clefts seen between pairs of presumptive afferent fibers suggest the possibility of dendro-dendritic interaction confined to the outer hair cell system. The clustering of afferent processes within folds of supporting cells subjacent to outer hair cells is in contrast to the lack of such close associations in the inner hair cell region. The difference reinforces the suggestion of functional interaction of some sort between the outer hair cell afferent nerve processes.  (+info)

Development of acetylcholine-induced responses in neonatal gerbil outer hair cells. (4/1700)

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are dominantly innervated by efferents, with acetylcholine (ACh) being their principal neurotransmitter. ACh activation of the cholinergic receptors on isolated OHCs induces calcium influx through the ionotropic receptors, followed by a large outward K+ current through nearby Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The outward K+ current hyperpolarizes the cell, resulting in the fast inhibitory effects of efferent action. Although the ACh receptors (AChRs) in adult OHCs have been identified and the ACh-induced current responses have been characterized, it is unclear when the ACh-induced current responses occur during development. In this study we attempt to address this question by determining the time of onset of the ACh-induced currents in neonatal gerbil OHCs, using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Developing gerbils ranging in age from 4 to 12 days were used in these experiments, because efferent synaptogenesis and functional maturation of OHCs occur after birth. Results show that the first detectable ACh-induced current occurred at 6 days after birth (DAB) in 12% of the basal turn cells with a small outward current. The fraction of responsive cells and the size of outward currents increased as development progressed. By 11 DAB, the fraction of responsive cells and the current size were comparable with those of adult OHCs. The results indicate that the maturation of the ACh-induced response begins around 6 DAB. It appears that the development of ACh-induced responses occur during the same time period when OHCs develop motility but before the onset of auditory function, which is around 12 DAB when cochlear microphonic potentials can first be evoked with acoustic stimulation in gerbils.  (+info)

Comparing in vitro, in situ, and in vivo experimental data in a three-dimensional model of mammalian cochlear mechanics. (5/1700)

Normal mammalian hearing is refined by amplification of the motion of the cochlear partition. This partition, comprising the organ of Corti sandwiched between the basilar and tectorial membranes, contains the outer hair cells that are thought to drive this amplification process. Force generation by outer hair cells has been studied extensively in vitro and in situ, but, to understand cochlear amplification fully, it is necessary to characterize the role played by each of the components of the cochlear partition in vivo. Observations of cochlear partition motion in vivo are severely restricted by its inaccessibility and sensitivity to surgical trauma, so, for the present study, a computer model has been used to simulate the operation of the cochlea under different experimental conditions. In this model, which uniquely retains much of the three-dimensional complexity of the real cochlea, the motions of the basilar and tectorial membranes are fundamentally different during in situ- and in vivo-like conditions. Furthermore, enhanced outer hair cell force generation in vitro leads paradoxically to a decrease in the gain of the cochlear amplifier during sound stimulation to the model in vivo. These results suggest that it is not possible to extrapolate directly from experimental observations made in vitro and in situ to the normal operation of the intact organ in vivo.  (+info)

Gene disruption of p27(Kip1) allows cell proliferation in the postnatal and adult organ of corti. (6/1700)

Hearing loss is most often the result of hair-cell degeneration due to genetic abnormalities or ototoxic and traumatic insults. In the postembryonic and adult mammalian auditory sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti, no hair-cell regeneration has ever been observed. However, nonmammalian hair-cell epithelia are capable of regenerating sensory hair cells as a consequence of nonsensory supporting-cell proliferation. The supporting cells of the organ of Corti are highly specialized, terminally differentiated cell types that apparently are incapable of proliferation. At the molecular level terminally differentiated cells have been shown to express high levels of cell-cycle inhibitors, in particular, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [Parker, S. B., et al. (1995) Science 267, 1024-1027], which are thought to be responsible for preventing these cells from reentering the cell cycle. Here we report that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is selectively expressed in the supporting-cell population of the organ of Corti. Effects of p27(Kip1)-gene disruption include ongoing cell proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse organ of Corti at time points well after mitosis normally has ceased during embryonic development. This suggests that release from p27(Kip1)-induced cell-cycle arrest is sufficient to allow supporting-cell proliferation to occur. This finding may provide an important pathway for inducing hair-cell regeneration in the mammalian hearing organ.  (+info)

A changing pattern of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression correlates with the rearrangement of fibers during cochlear development of rats and mice. (7/1700)

The reorganization of specific neuronal connections is a typical feature of the developing nervous system. It is assumed that the refinement of connections in sensory systems requires spontaneous activity before the onset of cochlear function and selective sensory experience during the ensuing period. The mechanism of refinement through sensory experience is currently postulated as being based on the selective reinforcement of active projections by neurotrophins. We studied a presumed role of neurotrophins for rearrangement of afferent and efferent fibers before the onset of sensory function in the precisely innervated auditory end organ, the cochlea. We observed a spatiotemporal change in the localization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein and mRNA, which correlated with the reorganization of fibers. Thus, BDNF decreased in target hair cells during fiber retraction and was subsequently upregulated in neurons, target hair cells, and adjacent supporting cells concomitant with the formation of new synaptic contacts. Analysis of the innervation pattern in BDNF gene-deleted mice by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy revealed a failure in the rearrangement of fibers and a BDNF dependency of distinct neuronal projections that reorganize in control animals. Our data suggest that, before the onset of auditory function, a spatiotemporal change in BDNF expression in sensory, epithelial, and neuronal cells may guide the initial steps of refinement of the innervation pattern.  (+info)

Dose dependent protection by lipoic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats: antioxidant defense system. (8/1700)

This study investigated the alterations that occur in auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABRs) concurrent with changes in cochlear concentrations of glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and in dose-dependent otoprotection by an antioxidant lipoate. Male Wistar rats were divided into different groups and were treated as follows, with: (1) vehicle (saline) control; (2) cisplatin (16 mg/kg, i.p.); (3) lipoate (100 mg/kg, i.p.) plus saline; (4) cisplatin plus lipoate (25 mg/kg); (5) cisplatin plus lipoate (50 mg/kg), and (6) cisplatin plus lipoate (100 mg/kg). Post-treatment ABRs were evaluated after three days, the rats were sacrificed, and cochleae were harvested and analyzed. The cisplatin-injected rats showed ABR threshold elevations above the pre-treatment thresholds. Rats treated with lipoate plus cisplatin did not show significant elevation of hearing thresholds. Cisplatin administration resulted in a depletion of cochlear GSH concentration (69% of control), whereas, cisplatin-plus-lipoate treatment increased GSH concentration close to control value. Cisplatin-treated rats showed a decrease in cochlear superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities (57, 78, 59, and 58% of control, respectively), and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration (196% of control). Cochlear SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GR activities and MDA concentrations were restored in the rats injected with cisplatin plus graded doses of lipoate than those with cisplatin alone. It is concluded that cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is related to impairment of the cochlear antioxidant defense system, and the dose-dependent otoprotection conferred by an antioxidant lipoate against cisplatin ototoxicity is associated with sparing of the cochlear antioxidant defense system.  (+info)

Scanning laser optical tomography for in toto imaging of the murine cochlea | Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.Scanning laser optical tomography for in toto imaging of the murine cochlea | Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.
The mammalian cochlea is a complex macroscopic structure due to its helical shape and the microscopic arrangements of the individual layers of cells. To improve the outcomes of hearing restoration in deaf patients, it is important to understand the anatomic structure and composition of the cochlea ex vivo. Hitherto, only one histological technique based on confocal laser scanning microscopy and optical clearing has been developed for in toto optical imaging of the murine cochlea. However, with a growing size of the specimen, e.g., human cochlea, this technique reaches its limitations. Here, we demonstrate scanning laser optical tomography (SLOT) as a valuable imaging technique to visualize the murine cochlea in toto without any physical slicing. This technique can also be applied in larger specimens up to cm3 such as the human cochlea. Furthermore, immunolabeling allows visualization of inner hair cells (otoferlin) or spiral ganglion cells (neurofilament) within the whole cochlea. After image ...
https://www.lzh.de/en/node/45426
Acoustic trauma in the guinea pig cochlea: Early changes in ultrastructure and neural threshold<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Acoustic trauma in the guinea pig cochlea. T2 - Early changes in ultrastructure and neural threshold. AU - Robertson, Donald. AU - Johnstone, Brian M.. PY - 1980/1/1. Y1 - 1980/1/1. N2 - Scanning microscopy was used to examine guinea pig cochleas for structural damage immediately after exposure to a pure tone ranging from 96 to 129 dB SPL. Functional changes to the cochlear neural sensitivity were assessed using the N1 audiogram. Principal findings were: (1) The order of damge to receptor cells with increasing sound intensity was OHC1, then IHC, then OHC2 and OHC3. (2) The spatial distribution of damage to OHC1 and IHC differed with IHC tending to show damage mainly in the vicinity of the exposure frequency location and OHC1 damage spreading basalward of this point. (3) N1 threshold losses spread progressively to lower frequencies as exposure intensity increased. This was accompanied by an apical spread of damage to the receptor cells.. AB - Scanning microscopy was used to ...
https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/acoustic-trauma-in-the-guinea-pig-cochlea-early-changes-in-ultras
Excessive contact with noise damages the main cochlear structures resulting in | Epigenetic regulation of CpG promoter...Excessive contact with noise damages the main cochlear structures resulting in | Epigenetic regulation of CpG promoter...
Excessive contact with noise damages the main cochlear structures resulting in hearing impairment. both peptides considerably improved both development of hearing thresholds as well as the degenerative adjustments induced by noise-exposure in lateral wall structure structures. Moreover, remedies ameliorated the inflammatory condition and redox stability. These therapeutic results had been dose-dependent and far better if the TGF-1 inhibitors had been administered ahead of inducing the damage. To conclude, inhibition of TGF-1 activities with antagonistic peptides signifies a new, encouraging therapeutic technique for the avoidance and fix of noise-induced cochlear harm. knock-out mice (Shull et al., 1992; Kulkarni et al., 1993). The function of TGF- family members elements in cochlear pathophysiology isnt fully understood. Latest evaluation of genes highly relevant to hearing and deafness directed to TGF-1 being a nodal molecule in non-syndromic deafness and otic capsule advancement gene systems ...
http://elegantindulgence.net/excessive-contact-with-noise-damages-the-main-cochlear-structures-resulting-in/
Possible roles of nitric oxide in the physiology and pathophysiology of the mammalian cochlea | [email protected]
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a mediator of vasodilation and neurotransmission in the mammalian cochlea. This is demonstrated by the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the blood vessels and the organ of Corti in the cochlea. It is not certain if the neurons in the spiral ganglion produce NO since no fluorescent signal could be detected by 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA), a fluorescent indicator of NO. To determine if NO/peroxynitrite plays any role in neurodestruction observed in ischemic cochlea of the guinea pig, the effects of NO donors, such as S-nitrosocysteine (S-NC) and nitroglycerine (NTG); peroxynitrite generators, such as 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1); peroxynitrite inhibitors, such as superoxide dismutase plus catalase (SOD/Cat); and NOS inhibitors, such as NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ether (L-NAME) were tested on normal and ischemic cochleae. The level of NO in the cochlea after 20 to 120 minutes of ischemia was indicated by ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/131619
Aberrant cochlear hair cell attachments caused by Nectin-3 deficiency result in hair bundle abnormalities | Development | The...Aberrant cochlear hair cell attachments caused by Nectin-3 deficiency result in hair bundle abnormalities | Development | The...
To determine when the abnormal phenotypes of the hair bundles and the kinocilium were observed in aberrantly attached Nectin-3-/- HCs, we analysed the localisation of γ-tubulin in E16.5 mouse HCs. The maturation of the organ of Corti starts from the basal turn and proceeds to the apical turn of the cochlea; therefore, HCs in the apical turn are less mature than those in the middle turn (Lim and Anniko, 1985). In both the apical and middle turns of the Nectin-3-/- cochlea, HCs were aberrantly attached to each other and the immunofluorescence signals for Nectin-1 and afadin (Mllt4 - Mouse Genome Informatics) were concentrated at the boundary between attached HCs (Fig. 5A,B). In the apical turn of the Nectin-3+/- cochlea, the signal for γ-tubulin was observed in the centre of the apical surface of HCs, whereas it was positioned at the lateral side in the middle turn (Fig. 5C; supplementary material Fig. S4A). In the Nectin-3+/- cochlea, aberrantly attached HCs were fewer than in the Nectin-3-/- ...
https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/141/2/399/46440/Aberrant-cochlear-hair-cell-attachments-caused-by
Intra-tympanic delivery of short interfering RNA into the adult mouse cochlea<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Intra-tympanic delivery of short interfering RNA into the adult mouse cochlea. AU - Oishi, Naoki. AU - Chen, Fu Quan. AU - Zheng, Hong Wei. AU - Sha, Su Hua. N1 - Funding Information: The research project described was supported by grant R01 DC009222 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health . This work was partially conducted in the Walton Research Building in renovated space supported by grant C06 RR014516. Some animals used in this study were housed in MUSC CRI animal facilities supported by grant C06 RR015455 from the Extramural Research Facilities Program of the National Center for Research Resources . We thank Dr. Jochen Schacht for his valuable comments on the manuscript.. PY - 2013/2. Y1 - 2013/2. N2 - Trans-tympanic injection into the middle ear has long been the standard for local delivery of compounds in experimental studies. Here we demonstrate the advantages of the novel method of intra-tympanic injection ...
https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/intra-tympanic-delivery-of-short-interfering-rna-into-the-adult-m
Localization of organ of Corti protein ii in the adult and developing gerbil cochlea :: MEDICA, MUSC Institutional Repository
The distribution of organ of corti protein II (OCP II) was assessed in the developing and mature gerbil cochlea by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. In the mature cochlea, OCP II was expressed in all supporting cells of the organ of Corti, inner and outer sulcus cells and interdental cells. The highest gold particle labeling density was seen overlying intracellular regions devoid of organelles. In the developing inner ear, OCP II was first detected at 2 days after birth with the strongest staining in immature Deiters, inner phalangeal and pillar cells. Immunostaining intensity increased gradually in cells lying laterally and medially to the more centrally located supporting cells and reached adult levels ln all reactive cell types around 18 days after birth. The results demonstrate conclusively that OCP II is a cytosolic protein and fail to support its postulated role as a transcription factor based on its high amino acid sequence homology with p15. The high level of ...
http://digital.library.musc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/medica/id/1516/rec/19
A dual function for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the developing mammalian cochlea | DevelopmentA dual function for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the developing mammalian cochlea | Development
In the chicken basilar papilla it has been reported that overexpression of activated β-catenin induces ectopic HC formation (Stevens et al., 2003) and, more recently, it has been shown that canonical Wnt activation can induce proliferation within dissociated epithelial cells of the avian utricle (Alvarado et al., 2011). The role for this pathway during mammalian cochlear development, however, was unknown. Although multiple transgenic canonical Wnt reporter mice have been generated (listed on the Wnt homepage http://www.stanford.edu/group/nusselab/cgi-bin/wnt/), inconsistencies existed as to the exact spatiotemporal pattern of endogenous Wnt/β-catenin activity (Barolo, 2006). In the inner ear, Qian et al. (Qian et al., 2007) reported no Wnt/β-catenin activity in the otocyst and developing cochlea using the BAT-gal mouse (Maretto et al., 2003), whereas Laine et al. (Laine et al., 2010) identified low-level activity in cochleae of the same BAT-gal strain as well as in the TOP-gal reporter ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/139/23/4395
Journal of Vestibular Research - Volume 17, issue 4 - Journals - IOS PressJournal of Vestibular Research - Volume 17, issue 4 - Journals - IOS Press
Authors: Suh, Myung Whan , Shin, Dong Hoon , Lee, Ho Sun , Park, Ji Yeong , Kim, Chong Sun , Oh, Seung Ha Article Type: Research Article Abstract: Unlike mammals, avian cochlear hair cells can regenerate after acoustic overstimulation. The WDR1 gene is one of the genes suspected to play an important role in this difference. In an earlier study, we found that the WDR1 gene is over-expressed in the chick cochlea after acoustic overstimulation. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of WDR1 before and after acoustic overstimulation in the chick vestibule. Seven-day-old chicks were divided into three groups: normal …group, damage group, and regeneration group. The damage and regeneration group was exposed to 120 dB SPL white noise for 5-6 hours. The damage group was euthanized shortly after the impulse, but the regeneration group was allowed to recover for 2 days. The utricle, saccule, and the three ampullae of each semicircular canal were dissected and immunohistochemically stained ...
https://content.iospress.com/journals/journal-of-vestibular-research/17/4
Bone marrow-derived cells that home to acoustic deafened cochlea preserved their hematopoietic identity | [email protected]
The high degree of bone marrow cell (BMC) plasticity has prompted us to test its restoration possibility in inner ear repair. Our aim was to determine the potential of these cells to transdifferentiate into specialized cochlea cell types after acoustic injury and BMC mobilization. Lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with BMCs from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and subjected to acoustic deafening 3 months later. In a separate experiment, stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were administered to test the effect of BMC mobilization on bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) transdifferentiation. All mice showed almost complete chimerism 3 months after bone marrow transplantation. Upon acoustic trauma, robust BMDC migration was observed in the deafened cochlea. GFP+ cell migration was most prominent during the first week after acoustic deafening, and these cells accumulated significantly at the spiral ligament, perilymphatic compartment walls, and limbus ...
https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/107933
sound | Science Kicks Ass Blog
By using a device that provides high-resolution images of the inner ear, researchers are learning about the mechanics of hearing. In order to develop therapies for hearing loss, its important to understand the functions of different areas of the cochlea, and until now, that hasnt been very easy.. Because the cochlea is so small and difficult to access, researchers havent been able to study it very easily without causing damage to the ear. But by using this technology (OCT, or optical coherence tomography), researchers at Texas A&M and Stanford have been able to gather information about the way the cochlea converts vibrations into nerve impulses to create sound without having to open the bone around it.. The concept has been proven in mice, and researchers have been able to gather measurements without causing any damage to the mouse cochlea or surrounding tissues. A prototype device has been developed for human use. If researchers can map the human cochlea and determine what happens to the ...
http://blog.sciencekicksass.com/tag/sound/
Maturation of neurotransmission in the developing rat cochlea: immunohistochemical evidence from differential expression of...
Maturation of neurotransmission in the developing rat cochlea: immunohistochemical evidence from differential expression of synaptophysin and synaptobrevin 2
http://www.ejh.it/index.php/ejh/article/view/ejh.2011.e2/1974
Cochlea | anatomy | Britannica.comCochlea | anatomy | Britannica.com
Cochlea: The cochlea contains the sensory organ of hearing. It bears a striking resemblance to the shell of a snail and in fact takes its name from the Greek word for this object. The cochlea is a spiral tube that is…
https://www.britannica.com/science/cochlea
Texas | Science Kicks Ass Blog
By using a device that provides high-resolution images of the inner ear, researchers are learning about the mechanics of hearing. In order to develop therapies for hearing loss, its important to understand the functions of different areas of the cochlea, and until now, that hasnt been very easy.. Because the cochlea is so small and difficult to access, researchers havent been able to study it very easily without causing damage to the ear. But by using this technology (OCT, or optical coherence tomography), researchers at Texas A&M and Stanford have been able to gather information about the way the cochlea converts vibrations into nerve impulses to create sound without having to open the bone around it.. The concept has been proven in mice, and researchers have been able to gather measurements without causing any damage to the mouse cochlea or surrounding tissues. A prototype device has been developed for human use. If researchers can map the human cochlea and determine what happens to the ...
http://blog.sciencekicksass.com/tag/texas/
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Regulates the Timing of Sensory Cell Differentiation in the Mouse Cochlea | Journal of...Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Regulates the Timing of Sensory Cell Differentiation in the Mouse Cochlea | Journal of...
Initial studies on the effects of activation of the IGF signaling pathway focused on promotion of cellular proliferation (Baker et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1993). However, more recent findings have linked IGF signaling with pleiotropic effects including cellular differentiation, axon outgrowth and polarity, cell migration and patterning, and cell survival (Fukudome et al., 2003; Vicario-Abejón et al., 2003; Ye and DErcole, 2006; Scolnick et al., 2008). The results presented here are consistent with a broader role for IGF signaling as many of the changes observed in the inner ears of Igf1r−/− mutants are not consistent with a decrease in proliferation.. A particularly intriguing aspect of the effect of the deletion of Igf1r was the disruption in the transition between uncommitted prosensory cells and differentiating hair cells and supporting cells. Recent work has demonstrated that an important step in cochlear development is the transition of proliferative Sox2-positive prosensory cells to a ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/49/18104?ijkey=d02c9eb9cee02b5d3bc3d1a38a02fc3ad0d1ab68&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Future Hearing Loss Therapies may be Influenced by Stem Cell Transplantation into Mouse CochleaFuture Hearing Loss Therapies may be Influenced by Stem Cell Transplantation into Mouse Cochlea
The risks and efficacy of transplanting two varieties of stem cells into mouse cochlea have been evaluated by Japanese researchers.
http://www.medindia.net/news/future-hearing-loss-therapies-may-be-influenced-by-stem-cell-transplantation-into-mouse-cochlea-103347-1.htm
Pinna | Feline Docs
The cochlea is a fluid-filled structure in the middle ear. The sound waves are translated to fluid waves in the cochlea that are then sensed by nerves connected to fine hairs that float in the fluid and is then sent on to the brain for interpretation. This is the area that a human cochlear implant stimulates to help correct hearing loss. The feline cochlea has 3 complete turns while the human cochlea only has 2.75 turns. They have 10,000 more auditory nerves than humans. Near the cochlea is another fluid- and carbonate crystal-filled structure called the vestibular apparatus that is in charge of balance.. Cats are exquisitely adept at locating prey. They can distinguish between two different sound sources 8 cm apart (shorter than the length of an iPhone) at 2 yards and 40cm apart (about 1 foot, or a little longer than 3 iPhones) at 20 yards. They can hear a rustling mouse 20-30 yards away. They can hear 10 distinct octaves of notes vs. humans 8.5 octaves. They even hear one octave above their ...
http://felinedocs.com/tag/pinna/
Histonet] Cochlea frozen section difficulty and a publication that may help
You may find this publication the answer to your problems. Brain Research Protocols Volume 6, Issue 3, February 2001, Pages 159-166 Cryoembedding and sectioning of cochleas for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization Donna S. Whitlon, Renee Szakaly, Mary A. Greiner Abstract Current emphasis on biochemical and molecular aspects of cochlear anatomy underscores the necessity for high quality cryostat sections of the inner ear. The large volume of fluid space within the cochlea makes cryoembedding and sectioning of the organ more problematic than that of other, more homogeneous tissues. Our method for cryoembedding of cochleas for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization uses slow infiltration with increasing concentrations of sucrose followed by degassed embedding medium before final orientation and freezing. This method permits high quality cryosections to be cut which preserve overall structure and cellular resolution. Author Keywords: Cryosections; Cochlea; Immunocytochemistry; In ...
http://www.histosearch.com/histonet/Apr08A/HistonetCochleafrozensect.html
Cellular regulation of cochlear blood flow - A. WangemannCellular regulation of cochlear blood flow - A. Wangemann
The cochlea receives its main blood supply from the basilar artery, via the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the spiral modiolar artery. It is of clinica...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-DC004280-10
Plus itPlus it
The observed disorganization and expansion of the organ of Corti, in addition to the proliferation following ectopic β-catenin activation, suggested changes in the adhesion complexes within the epithelium. In addition to roles in proliferation and differentiation, β-catenin plays a role in cell adhesion by binding to the cytoplasmic tail of cadherins at the plasma membrane (Ozawa et al., 1989). Similar to β-catenin, E-cadherin is expressed within the cell membranes of the cochlear sensory epithelium (Whitlon, 1993; Leonova and Raphael, 1997; Simonneau et al., 2003). When we overexpressed β-catenin in the cochlea after initiation of tamoxifen at E13.5 in the Sox2-CreER;β-cateninflox(exon3) mouse, elongation of the sensory epithelium proceeded into the apical region (Fig. 8A) as expected, and staining for EdU as well as Ki67, a cell proliferation marker, were observed (Fig. 8B), but E-cadherin expression within the cell membranes was decreased (Fig. 8C,E). The cochlea contained multiple rows ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/19/6470
Cochlea & Eustachia, Hans Rickheit (By (artist)) Hans Rickheit - Shop Online for Books in AustraliaCochlea & Eustachia, Hans Rickheit (By (artist)) Hans Rickheit - Shop Online for Books in Australia
Fishpond Australia, Cochlea & Eustachia by Hans Rickheit (By (artist)) Hans RickheitBuy . Books online: Cochlea & Eustachia, 2014, Fishpond.com.au
https://www.fishpond.com.au/Books/Cochlea-Eustachia-Hans-Rickheit-By-artist-Hans-Rickheit/9781606998014
David Ornitz, MD, PhDDavid Ornitz, MD, PhD
Our aims are to identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate the expression of Fgf20 during the embryonic development of the cochlea; to determine how FGF20 regulates sensory progenitor cell growth and the differentiation of cochlear outer hair and supporting cells in the organ of Corti; and to identify the specific genes and pathways that act downstream of FGF20 during cochlear development using Next Gen mRNA sequencing. We are testing the hypothesis that FGF signaling can enhance sensory cell regeneration following ototoxic damage.. 2. Regulation of neuronal excitability by intracellular FGFs.. We are studying a unique subfamily of FGFs that act intracellularly (iFGFs) in neurons and cardiomyocytes and that are important for regulating cell excitability through interactions with voltage gated sodium channels. Disruption of FGF14, one of four iFGFs, results in an anatomically normal mouse with severe neurobehavioral phenotypes including ataxia, seizure, paroxysmal dystonia and cognitive ...
https://hopecenter.wustl.edu/?faculty=david-ornitz-md-phd
Imaging Proteolysis by Living Human Breast Cancer CellsImaging Proteolysis by Living Human Breast Cancer Cells
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are implicated as culprits of hearing reduction in more than 120,000 individuals annually. Research has shown that this sensory cells, but not supporting cells, of the cochlea are readily damaged and/or lost after use of such antibiotics. High-frequency outer hair cells (OHCs) show a greater sensitivity to antibiotics than high- and low-frequency inner hair cells (IHCs). We hypothesize that variations in mitochondrial metabolism account for differences in susceptibility. Fluorescence lifetime microscopy was utilized to quantify adjustments in NAD(P)H in sensory and helping cells from explanted murine cochleae subjected to mitochondrial uncouplers, inhibitors, and an ototoxic antibiotic, gentamicin (GM). Adjustments in metabolic condition led to a redistribution of NAD(P)H between subcellular fluorescence life time pools. Helping cells acquired a considerably much longer life time than sensory cells. Pretreatment with GM increased NAD(P)H intensity in high-frequency ...
https://healthychoicess.net/
Lock Road Surgery - Library - Health A-ZLock Road Surgery - Library - Health A-Z
Sounds pass from the outer ear through to the inner ear, which contains the cochlea and auditory nerve. The cochlea is a coiled, spiral tube containing a large number of sensitive hair cells. The auditory nerve transmits sound signals to the brain.. If part of the cochlea is damaged, it will stop sending information to your brain. The brain may then actively seek out signals from parts of the cochlea that still work. These signals might then become over-represented in the brain, which may cause the sounds of tinnitus.. In older people, damage to the cochlea often occurs naturally with age. In younger people, it can be caused by repeated exposure to excessive noise.. ...
http://www.hamsurgery.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/tinnitus/causes
The Circle Practice - Library - Health A-Z
Sounds pass from the outer ear through to the inner ear, which contains the cochlea and auditory nerve. The cochlea is a coiled, spiral tube containing a large number of sensitive hair cells. The auditory nerve transmits sound signals to the brain.. If part of the cochlea is damaged, it will stop sending information to your brain. The brain may then actively seek out signals from parts of the cochlea that still work. These signals might then become over-represented in the brain, which may cause the sounds of tinnitus.. In older people, damage to the cochlea often occurs naturally with age. In younger people, it can be caused by repeated exposure to excessive noise.. ...
http://www.thecirclepractice.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/tinnitus/causes
Psychophysics of multiple-channel stimulationPsychophysics of multiple-channel stimulation
Eight patients implanted with multiple-channel cochlear prostheses have displayed good discrimination of sound sensations elicited at different sites within the cochlea. All patients rank the sensations from sharp to dull in an order which corresponds with basal to apical position in the cochlea. Detailed psychophysical studies have been carried out on two patients. These showed that discrimination of rate of (pulsatile) stimulation is good for frequencies up to 300 Hz and falls off sharply for frequencies above this. Electrode transitions (changes in position along the cochlea) are well discriminated for fast changes (25 msec), whereas rate transitions are not well discriminated for changes faster than 100 msec. From these results a speech processing strategy was formulated where second formant information is mapped to position in the cochlea and fundamental frequency mapped to rate of stimulation. Vowel and consonant confusion studies show consistent results for all patients using this ...
https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/26815
The Division of Biology & Biomedical SciencesThe Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences
The avian cochlea has a remarkable ability to regenerate sensory hair cells after injury, and a major goal of our research is to understand the molecular basis of this regenerative process. An ongoing study, conducted in collaboration with the Lovett lab (Dept. of Genetics), is using Next-Gen sequencing to profile the transcriptome of the chick cochlea throughout the time course of regeneration. Additional data suggest that the lack of FGF signaling in the mature mammalian ear may be one factor that limits regenerative ability in mammals. We are presently collaborating with the Orntiz lab (Dept. of Developmental Biology) to determine whether reactivating FGF signaling in the injured mouse cochlea can evoke some degree of sensory repair ...
http://dbbs.wustl.edu/faculty/Pages/faculty_bio.aspx?SID=3440
PubMed medline query
Department of Physiology, Medical School, University Walk, Bristol. 1. Outer hair cells from the cochlea of the guinea-pig were isolated and their motile properties studied in short-term culture by the whole-cell variant of the patch recording technique. 2. Cells elongated and shortened when subjected to voltage steps. Cells from both high- and low-frequency regions of the cochlea responded with an elongation when hyperpolarized and a shortening when depolarized. The longitudinal motion of the cell was measured by a differential photosensor capable of responding to motion frequencies 0-40 kHz. 3. Under voltage clamp the length change of the cell was graded with command voltage over a range +/- 2 microns (approximately 4% of the length) for cells from the apical turns of the cochlea. The mean sensitivity of the movement was 2.11 nm/pA injected current, or 19.8 nm/mV membrane polarization. 4. The kinetics of the cell length change during a voltage step were measured. Stimulated at their basal end, ...
http://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/biblio/Medline/Ohc_ashmore2.htm
Recovery of Structure and Function After Cochlear Damage - Richard SalviRecovery of Structure and Function After Cochlear Damage - Richard Salvi
The hair cells and supporting elements in the avian ear can regenerate after being damaged by ototoxic drugs or acoustic overstimulation resulting in the partia...
https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-DC001685-08
FREQUENCY SELECTIVITY OF THE COCHLEA FOR FORMAT PEAKS AT HIGH SIGNAL LEVELS. - Nokia Bell LabsFREQUENCY SELECTIVITY OF THE COCHLEA FOR FORMAT PEAKS AT HIGH SIGNAL LEVELS. - Nokia Bell Labs
Nokia sites use cookies to improve and personalize your experience and to display advertisements. The sites may also include cookies from third parties. By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Learn more ...
https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/publications/bl8090436/
How We Hear And Cochlea Implants | Interviews | Naked ScientistsHow We Hear And Cochlea Implants | Interviews | Naked Scientists
Chris - We all take our ears for granted, I think. How do they actually work?Bob - Basically, sound is vibration in the air and it is picked up by the floppy bit on the side of your head. This is called the pinna. Sound is then transmitted to the inner ear, inside of which theres a membrane which is thin and stiff at one end and wobbly at the other end. The thin, stiff bit
https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/interviews/how-we-hear-and-cochlea-implants
Gene Expression Literature DetailGene Expression Literature Detail
J:173382 Basch ML, Ohyama T, Segil N, Groves AK, Canonical Notch Signaling Is Not Necessary for Prosensory Induction in the Mouse Cochlea: Insights from a Conditional Mutant of RBPj{kappa}. J Neurosci. 2011 Jun 1;31(22):8046-58 ...
http://www.informatics.jax.org/gxdlit/key/125564
Engraftment of Human Stem Cell Derived Otic Progenitors in the Damaged Cochlea | ISM
http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/search/?fq=halId_s:hal-02544441&fl=title_s,en_title_s,docid,label_s,en_label_s,docType_s,authIdHal_s,halId_s,structId_i,uri_s,keyword_s,en_keyword_s,authLastNameFirstName_s,journalTitle_s,abstract_s,en_abstract_s&sort=producedDate_tdate+ ...
https://ism.univ-amu.fr/en/doc/hal-02544441/_1
The Cochlea | ProtocolThe Cochlea | Protocol
JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles.
https://www.jove.com/science-education/10855/the-cochlea
COKI. Nature in designs / COCHLEAE VASES - COKI.® | Italian design studioCOKI. Nature in designs / COCHLEAE VASES - COKI.® | Italian design studio
Coki Barbieri Design Creative Director_ Dott.ssa in Architettura-Ingegneria Edile Iunior, Interior Designer ID European Graduated, Esperta in Design degli Spazi Pubblici, Esperta CasaClima® Iunior dal 2015 _ P.IVA 04373700402
https://www.cokibarbieri.it/shop-cochleae-collection-liberazione-orange/
Cochlea heart shaped earrings with abalone trim | AudblingCochlea heart shaped earrings with abalone trim | Audbling
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience ...
https://audbling.com/product/cochlea-heart-shaped-earrings-with-abalone-trim/
3 cochlea dangle earrings | Audbling3 cochlea dangle earrings | Audbling
This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience ...
https://audbling.com/product/3-cochlea-dangle-earrings/
Recent Articles | Cochlea, Ecology And Culture | The Scientist Magazine®Recent Articles | Cochlea, Ecology And Culture | The Scientist Magazine®
In chapter 3, The Sense of Sensibility, author Wendy Jones uses scenes from one of Jane Austens most celebrated novels to illustrate the functioning of the bodys stress response system.. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/3118,7,3/tags/Cochlea,ecology,culture/
Recent Articles | Cochlea, Ecology And Genetics & Genomics | The Scientist Magazine®Recent Articles | Cochlea, Ecology And Genetics & Genomics | The Scientist Magazine®
In chapter 3, The Sense of Sensibility, author Wendy Jones uses scenes from one of Jane Austens most celebrated novels to illustrate the functioning of the bodys stress response system.. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/3118,7,9,3/tags/Cochlea,ecology,genetics--amp--genomics,culture/
Re: physiological or ecological basis of auditory sharpness (Eckard Blumschein )Re: physiological or ecological basis of auditory sharpness (Eckard Blumschein )
Subject: Re: physiological or ecological basis of auditory sharpness From: Eckard Blumschein ,Eckard.Blumschein(at)E-TECHNIK.UNI-MAGDEBURG.DE, Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 08:15:58 +0200 Yes, undoubtedly, high CFs are required for localization. I would like to mention a nice tutorial by Duda: http://www-engr.sjsu.edu/~knapp/HCIROD3D/3D_psych/reverb.htm He includes an explanation of IED (interaural envelope delay) and Franssen effect, and he summarizes: With some risk of oversimplification, we can generalize and say that in reverberant environments it is the high-frequency energy, not the low-frequency energy, that is important for localization. The question was: What might be the basis of (the extremely unpleasant) auditory sharpness evoked by spectral components... As we understand from the tutorial, the basal turn of cochlea is designed for localization of single events like clicks or bat calls rather than for recognition of any continuous tone. Maybe, Duda intentionally wrote high-frequency ...
http://www.auditory.org/postings/2002/394.html
Hearing - Big UniverseHearing - Big Universe
Theres much more to our ears than meets the eye! The human ear contains a chain of important links that work together to help us hear the world around us. From the ears tiny bones to its fluid-filled cochlea, each part is important. In this title, young readers will learn about the small wonders inside the human ear.
https://www.biguniverse.com/library/books/hearing-3d43b781-5246-4430-b5bc-c925bb48010d
Do optimal conditions improve distortion product otoacoustic emission test performance?<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Do optimal conditions improve distortion product otoacoustic emission test performance?. AU - Kirby, Benjamin J.. AU - Kopun, Judy G.. AU - Tan, Hongyang. AU - Neely, Stephen T.. AU - Gorga, Michael P.. PY - 2011/3. Y1 - 2011/3. N2 - OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an optimal distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) protocol that (1) used optimal stimulus levels and primary-frequency ratios for each f2, (2) simultaneously measured 2f2 - f1 and 2f1 - f2 distortion products, (3) controlled source contribution, (4) implemented improved calibration techniques, (5) accounted for the influence of middle ear reflectance, and (6) applied multivariate analyses to DPOAE data results in improved accuracy in differentiating between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired ears, compared with a standard clinical protocol. DESIGN: Data were collected for f2 frequencies ranging from 0.75 to 8 kHz in 28 normal-hearing and 78 hearing-impaired subjects. The protocol included a control ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/do-optimal-conditions-improve-distortion-product-otoacoustic-emis
Regeneration of Stereocilia of Hair Cells by Forced Atoh1 Expression in the Adult Mammalian Cochlea<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Regeneration of Stereocilia of Hair Cells by Forced Atoh1 Expression in the Adult Mammalian Cochlea. AU - Yang, Shi Ming. AU - Chen, Wei. AU - Guo, Wei Wei. AU - Jia, Shuping. AU - Sun, Jian He. AU - Liu, Hui Zhan. AU - Young, Wie Yen. AU - He, David Z.Z.. PY - 2012/9/27. Y1 - 2012/9/27. N2 - The hallmark of mechanosensory hair cells is the stereocilia, where mechanical stimuli are converted into electrical signals. These delicate stereocilia are susceptible to acoustic trauma and ototoxic drugs. While hair cells in lower vertebrates and the mammalian vestibular system can spontaneously regenerate lost stereocilia, mammalian cochlear hair cells no longer retain this capability. We explored the possibility of regenerating stereocilia in the noise-deafened guinea pig cochlea by cochlear inoculation of a viral vector carrying Atoh1, a gene critical for hair cell differentiation. Exposure to simulated gunfire resulted in a 60-70 dB hearing loss and extensive damage and loss of ...
https://creighton.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/regeneration-of-stereocilia-of-hair-cells-by-forced-atoh1-express
Electrically stimulated increases in cochlear blood flow: I. frequency and intensity effects<...Electrically stimulated increases in cochlear blood flow: I. frequency and intensity effects<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Electrically stimulated increases in cochlear blood flow. T2 - I. frequency and intensity effects. AU - Sillman, Jonathon S.. AU - LaRouere, Michael J.. AU - Masta, Robert I.. AU - Miller, Josef M.. AU - Nuttall, Alfred L.. PY - 1989/4. Y1 - 1989/4. N2 - Charge-balanced, sinusoidal current was passed differentially between the apex and round window of the guinea pig cochlea. Cochlear blood flow was measured using a laser Doppler flow monitor. Systemic blood pressure was monitored from a cannula within the common carotid artery. Electrical stimulation increased cochlear blood flow, while systemic blood pressure was unaffected. A cochlear blood flow response parameter, normalized for transient changes in systemic blood pressure, was defined. The magnitude of the response parameter was found to be frequency selective and was also found to be an increasing function of current intensity, with maximum responses obtained with 500 Hz sinusoids. This cochlear blood flow response was not ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/electrically-stimulated-increases-in-cochlear-blood-flow-i-freque-2
Neurosensory development and cell fate determination in the human cochlea | Neural Development | Full TextNeurosensory development and cell fate determination in the human cochlea | Neural Development | Full Text
Hearing depends on correct functioning of the cochlear hair cells, and their innervation by spiral ganglion neurons. Most of the insight into the embryological and molecular development of this sensory system has been derived from animal studies. In contrast, little is known about the molecular expression patterns and dynamics of signaling molecules during normal fetal development of the human cochlea. In this study, we investigated the onset of hair cell differentiation and innervation in the human fetal cochlea at various stages of development. At 10 weeks of gestation, we observed a prosensory domain expressing SOX2 and SOX9/SOX10 within the cochlear duct epithelium. In this domain, hair cell differentiation was consistently present from 12 weeks, coinciding with downregulation of SOX9/SOX10, to be followed several weeks later by downregulation of SOX2. Outgrowing neurites from spiral ganglion neurons were found penetrating into the cochlear duct epithelium prior to hair cell differentiation, and
https://neuraldevelopment.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1749-8104-8-20/figures/7
Development and regeneration of auditory hair cells | 京都大学 白眉センター｜白眉プロジェクト
Auditory hair cells are the sensory cells that transduce sound waves into electric signals, and are located in the cochlea, the organ responsible for hearing, in the inner ear. The loss of the hair cells is the leading cause of hearing impairment. The mammalian cochlea cannot regenerate its complement of mature hair cells and therefore hearing impairment caused by hair cell loss is difficult to cure. The developmental process of cochlea, including hair cells, is complex and has not been sufficiently elucidated yet. A better understanding of it would provide clues that could lead to new strategies for hair cell regeneration. The mammalian cochlea is highly developed and hair cells are regularly arranged in rows. Research on cochlear development has shown that the cochlea is highly sensitive to disorders caused by abnormal cellular differentiation and tissue organization. This seminar will present our research on mammalian cochlear development and to discuss the approach to hair cell ...
https://www.hakubi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/eng/sem/sem_56
Targeted PCR Array Analysis of Genes in Innate Immunity and Glucocorticoid Signaling Pathways in Mice Cochleae Following...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Targeted PCR Array Analysis of Genes in Innate Immunity and Glucocorticoid Signaling Pathways in Mice Cochleae Following Acoustic Trauma. AU - Maeda, Yukihide. AU - Kariya, Shin. AU - Omichi, Ryotaro. AU - Noda, Yohei. AU - Sugaya, Akiko. AU - Fujimoto, Shohei. AU - Nishizaki, Kazunori. PY - 2018/8/1. Y1 - 2018/8/1. N2 - Aim: To comprehensively analyze cochlear gene expressions related to innate immunity and glucocorticoid signaling at onset of acute noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Background: Recent studies suggested innate immunity is involved in the cochlear pathology of NIHL. Glucocorticoids may modulate immune actions in cochleae. Methods: Mice were exposed to 120 dB-octave band noise for 2 hours. Twelve hours later, a targeted PCR array analyzed cochlear expressions of 84 key genes in inflammation and immune pathways and 84 genes in the glucocorticoid signaling pathway. Real-time RT-PCR was used to analyze expression of two immune-related genes, Ccl12 and Glycam1, in ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/targeted-pcr-array-analysis-of-genes-in-innate-immunity-and-gluco
Sound Encoding in the Mouse Cochlea: Molecular Physiology and Optogenetic Stimulation - ...Sound Encoding in the Mouse Cochlea: Molecular Physiology and Optogenetic Stimulation - ...
Afferent synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea translate sound information into a discrete spike code, providing us the opportunity to directly observe the output of the cochlea. The availability of mutant strains with genetic hearing impairment makes the mouse a valuable species to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cochlear function. In this thesis, mouse was used as a model species to study cochlear sound encoding by recording single unit activities from auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) in vivo. First, developmental changes of ANF responses before and after hearing onset were characterized as an introduction on how normal ANF responses mature during the early postnatal age. Spontaneous bursting activity from ANFs/cochlear nucleus neurons was observed before hearing onset. After hearing onset, the average spontaneous and evoked spike rates of single ANFs increased, while tuning threshold and frequency selectivity improved between p14-15 to p20-21. ...
https://ediss.uni-goettingen.de/handle/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E93-3
A 3-D model of membrane specializations between human auditory spiral ganglion cellsA 3-D model of membrane specializations between human auditory spiral ganglion cells
Our knowledge of the fine structure of the Human Spiral Ganglion (HSG) is still inadequate and new treatment techniques for deafness using electric stimulation, call for further information and studies on the neuronal elements of the human cochlea. This thesis presents results of analyses of human cochlear tissue and specimens obtained during neurosurgical transpetrosal removal of life-threatening meningeomas. The use of surgical biopsies produced a well-preserved material suitable for ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the human inner ear. The SG was studied with respect to fine structure, using TEM technique and the immunostaining pattern of synaptophysin, which is an integral membrane protein of neuronal synaptic vesicles. The immunostaining patterns of the tight junctional protein ZO-1 and the gap junctional proteins Cx26 and Cx43 in the human cochlea were also studied. The ultrastructural morphology revealed an absence of myelination pattern in the HSG, thus differing from ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:144470
Noise Health EffectsNoise Health Effects
The mechanism of hearing loss arises from trauma to stereocilia of the cochlea, the principal fluid filled structure of the inner ear. The pinna combined with the middle ear amplifies sound pressure levels by a factor of twenty, so that extremely high sound pressure levels arrive in the cochlea, even from moderate atmospheric sound stimuli. Underlying pathology to the cochlea are reactive oxygen species, which play a significant role in noise-induced necrosis and apoptosis of the stereocilia. Exposure to high levels of noise have differing effects within a given population, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species suggests possible avenues to treat or prevent damage to hearing and related cellular structures.. The elevated sound levels cause trauma to the cochlear structure in the inner ear, which gives rise to irreversible hearing loss. A very loud sound in a particular frequency range can damage the cochleas hair cells that respond to that range thereby reducing the ears ability to ...
http://ziaullahkhan.blogspot.com/2011/09/noise-health-effects.html
Mammalian inner ear form and function (free pdf)
Ben Creisler [email protected] A new paper (in open access) that may be of interest: Eric G. Ekdale (2015) Form and function of the mammalian inner ear. Journal of Anatomy (advance online publication) DOI: 10.1111/joa.12308 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12308/abstract http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joa.12308/epdf The inner ear of mammals consists of the cochlea, which is involved with the sense of hearing, and the vestibule and three semicircular canals, which are involved with the sense of balance. Although different regions of the inner ear contribute to different functions, the bony chambers and membranous ducts are morphologically continuous. The gross anatomy of the cochlea that has been related to auditory physiologies includes overall size of the structure, including volume and total spiral length, development of internal cochlear structures, including the primary and secondary bony laminae, morphology of the spiral nerve ganglion, and the nature of cochlear ...
http://dml.cmnh.org/2015Apr/msg00140.html
Three-dimensional current flow in a large-scale model of the cochlea and the mechanism of amplification of sound | Journal of...Three-dimensional current flow in a large-scale model of the cochlea and the mechanism of amplification of sound | Journal of...
The K+ circulation in the cochlea is thought to be tightly regulated in the inner compartment of the cochlea by a transport network in the stria vascularis of the cochlea (Wangemann 2006). In the OHC case, K+ passes through the transduction channels and is released into the intercellular space of organ of Corti through several types of K+ channel at the base of the hair cell. These channels include KCNQ4 channels (Kharkovets et al. 2006) and calcium-activated SK and BK channels (Marcotti et al. 2004). From there, K+ is taken up by the supporting cells via the K-Cl cotransporters (Boettger et al. 2002). The supporting cells of the organ of Corti form an extensive epithelial tissue gap-junction system that is essential for buffering extracellular K+ ions in the organ of Corti into the perilymph (Kikuchi et al. 2000). From perilymph, K+ is actively pumped by the K+/Na+ ATPase and K+/Na+/2Cl− cotransporter back into the type II fibrocytes of the spiral ligament and from there back via the stria ...
http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/6/32/279
The effect of the sympathetic nervous system upon susceptibility to acoustic trauma. - Semantic ScholarThe effect of the sympathetic nervous system upon susceptibility to acoustic trauma. - Semantic Scholar
This study was designed to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system exerts a protective or enhancing effect in acoustic overstimulation. The compound action potential of the cochlea (CAP) was recorded in guinea pigs while the cervical sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was electrically stimulated or after it was surgically eliminated. The stimulation or the elimination of the cervical SNS has no effect on the threshold of CAP. The threshold shift in CAP after acoustic overstimulation (110, 115, or 130 dB SPL for 10 min) was measured in the cervical SNS stimulation group, in the cervical SNS elimination group, and in the control group. When the animal was under insufficient sedation, there was no difference among these three groups. However, the CAP threshold shift was significantly smaller in the cervical SNS stimulation group than in the other two groups when the animals were sufficiently sedated. The cervical SNS stimulation had some protective effect on the susceptibility to acoustic trauma
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-effect-of-the-sympathetic-nervous-system-upon-Wada-Takahashi/53aebf31e8162542bc0814ca125688169d27cbd9
Clinical Applications of Otoacoustic Emissions | Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research | ASHA PublicationsClinical Applications of Otoacoustic Emissions | Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research | ASHA Publications
On the basis of recent advances in auditory physiology, new tests of cochlear function have been developed using measures of otoacoustic emissions. In the present report, the clinical potential for each of the four basic emission types is examined. In addition, the practical advantages of examining the ear with two specific types of evoked emissions, transiently evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, are reviewed in detail. Finally, the future role of tests of otoacoustic emissions in the diagnosis of hearing impairment is discussed. The current view is that evoked emissions hold promise as an essential part of the clinical examination of the auditory system.. ...
http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1779055
miR-153 inhibitionmiR-153 inhibition
J Physiol Sci. 2021 Sep 3;71(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12576-021-00814-0.. ABSTRACT. Damage to the cochlear sensory epithelium is a key contributor to noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). KCNQ4 plays an important role in the cochlear potassium circulation and outer hair cells survival. As miR-153 can target and regulate KCNQ4, we sought to study the role of miR-153 in SNHL. 12-week-old male CBA/J mice were exposed to 2-20 kHz broadband noise at 96 dB SPL to induce temporary threshold shifts and 101 dB SPL to induce permanent threshold shifts. Hearing loss was determined by auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Relative expression of miR-153 and KCNQ4 in mice cochlea were determined by Real-Time quantitative PCR. miR-153 mimics were co-transfected with wild type or mutated KCNQ4 into HEK293 cells. Luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the binding between miR-153 and KCNQ4. AAV-sp-153 was constructed and administrated intra-peritoneally 24- and 2-h prior and immediately after noise ...
https://www.hearinglosstreatmentreport.com/tag/mir-153-inhibition/
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions: cochlear-source contributions and clinical test performance. - PubMed - NCBIDistortion product otoacoustic emissions: cochlear-source contributions and clinical test performance. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18247762
Kiluchi, T. (1995) Gap junction in the rat cochlea immunohisto-chemical and ultrastructural analysis. Anatomy and Embryology, 2...Kiluchi, T. (1995) Gap junction in the rat cochlea immunohisto-chemical and ultrastructural analysis. Anatomy and Embryology, 2...
Kiluchi, T. (1995) Gap junction in the rat cochlea immunohisto-chemical and ultrastructural analysis. Anatomy and Embryology, 2, 101-118.
https://www.hanspub.org/reference/ReferencePapers.aspx?ReferenceID=92305&PaperID=14626
Plus itPlus it
Prevention of auditory hair cell death offers therapeutic potential to rescue hearing. Pharmacological blockade of JNK/c-Jun signaling attenuates injury-induced hair cell loss, but with unsolved mechanisms. We have characterized the c-Jun stress response in the mouse cochlea challenged with acoustic overstimulation and ototoxins, by studying the dynamics of c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation. It occurred acutely in glial-like supporting cells, inner hair cells and in the cells of the cochlear ion trafficking route, and was rapidly downregulated after exposures. Notably, death-prone outer hair cells lacked c-Jun phosphorylation. As phosphorylation was triggered also by non-traumatic noise levels and as none of the cells showing this activation were lost, c-Jun phosphorylation is a biomarker for cochlear stress rather than an indicator of a death-prone fate of hair cells. Preconditioning with a mild noise exposure before a stronger traumatizing noise exposure attenuated the cochlear c-Jun stress ...
http://www.eneuro.org/content/early/2016/04/24/ENEURO.0047-16.2016
Cochlear hair cells
Cochlear Hair Cells are tuned to respond to different sound frequencies. These cells are arrayed in a tonotopic gradient, with low frequency responders at the apical end of the cochlea and high frequency responders at the basal end. Birds and reptiles uses alternative splicing of BK Channel as one facet of tuning these hair cells to transduce different sound frequencies. Isolation of cochlear cell mRNA has revealed that each cell expresses a different subset of BK Channel mRNA. BK channels (aka Slo channels) are tuned via alternative splicing of α subunit exons, thereby controlling regulatory properties, conductance and voltage sensitivity of the channel. BK Channels are present in muscle tissue and in the cochlea.. ...
https://studentreader.com/937SF/cochlear-hair-cells/
Short-term plasticity and modulation of synaptic transmission at mammalian inhibitory cholinergic olivocochlear synapses<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Short-term plasticity and modulation of synaptic transmission at mammalian inhibitory cholinergic olivocochlear synapses. AU - Katz, Eleonora. AU - Elgoyhen, Ana Belén. PY - 2014/12/2. Y1 - 2014/12/2. N2 - The organ of Corti, the mammalian sensory epithelium of the inner ear, has two types of mechanoreceptor cells, inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). In this sensory epithelium, vibrations produced by sound waves are transformed into electrical signals. When depolarized by incoming sounds, IHCs release glutamate and activate auditory nerve fibers innervating them and OHCs, by virtue of their electromotile property, increase the amplification and fine tuning of sound signals. The medial olivocochlear (MOC) system, an efferent feedback system, inhibits OHC activity and thereby reduces the sensitivity and sharp tuning of cochlear afferent fibers. During neonatal development, IHCs fire Ca2+ action potentials which evoke glutamate release promoting activity in the ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/short-term-plasticity-and-modulation-of-synaptic-transmission-at--4
HearSayLW: What is An Auditory Verbal Therapist? - A Real Conversation Starter!HearSayLW: What is An Auditory Verbal Therapist? - A Real Conversation Starter!
Sensorineural hearing loss (sometimes called nerve deafness) occurs when the cilia (hair cells) of the inner ear (the cochlea) do not function properly. In an undamaged ear, the pressure from sound waves goes into your pinna (the outer ear, the part you can see), makes the eardrum move back and forth, is passed along the small bones of the middle ear (the smallest bones in your body!), and then transfers to the middle ear, where those sound waves cause actual waves in the fluid-filled cochlea. The waves of fluid cause the hair cells to move. This sets off a beautiful chemical chain reaction, which ultimately causes stimulation of the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII), which sends the sensation of sound to the brain. The hair cells in the cochlea are tonotopically arranged, meaning that each region corresponds to different tones, going from high frequency sounds at the basal end to low frequency sounds at the apex of the cochlea, which looks like a snail shell. Think of a piano keyboard ...
http://www.hearsaylw.com/2014/10/what-is-auditory-verbal-therapist-real_22.html
Piezoelectric reciprocal relationship of the membrane motor in the cochlear outer hair cellPiezoelectric reciprocal relationship of the membrane motor in the cochlear outer hair cell
It has been shown that the membrane motor in the outer hair cell is driven by the membrane potential. Here we examine whether the motility satisfies the reciprocal relationship, the characteristic of piezoelectricity, by measuring charge displacement induced by stretching the cell with known force. …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11867442/?dopt=Abstract
PubMed medline query
Intracellular recordings were made from the low frequency region (third turn) of the guinea pig cochlea. Response characteristics are compared to gross potentials obtained from the organ of Corti fluid space. Inner hair cells (IHCs) possess relatively low (median, -32 mV) initial membrane potentials, whereas that of outer hair cells (OHCs) is higher (median, -53.5 mV). In response to tone burst stimuli, both cell types produce a combination of AC and DC responses. The latter are depolarizing for IHCs but may be of either polarity for OHCs. In terms of their AC responses, IHCs are about 12 dB more sensitive than OHCs. At low sound levels these cells are more linear than high frequency hair cells (Russell, I. J., and P. M. Sellick (1978) J. Physiol. (Lond.) 284: 261-290), judging from the relation between AC and DC response components. At high sound levels pronounced response saturation is seen. The overall tuning properties of the two hair cell types are rather similar, even though IHCs exhibit ...
http://www.neuroreille.com/promenade/biblio/Medline/Ohc_dallos2.htm
Hair Cell Function in vivo - Stanford Initiative to Cure Hearing LossHair Cell Function in vivo - Stanford Initiative to Cure Hearing Loss
The cochlea remains one of the last inaccessible organs to visualize function or to perform surgical procedures. Buried deep within the temporal bone and being encased in a hard bony shell while being super sensitive to vibration and overstimulation create an almost insurmountable set of logistical problems. We are developing the surgical approach and imaging technologies needed to overcome these difficulties. Using animal models for live-cell imaging will provide unprecedented levels of detail about how the cochlea functions. Success with surgical approaches will be tested for their translational validity and may provide new access for surgeons when investigating hearing loss. The images shown here depict the custom-designed 2-photon imaging system used for viewing cellular function in vivo. The lightpath for imaging is also shown in cartoon form. Examples of multiple inner hair cells responding to sound stimulation are also presented. In, mouse we can now access the cochlea with no detectable ...
https://hearinglosscure.stanford.edu/portfolio-items/jinkyung-project/
hearing onset - Dwight Bergles Laboratoryhearing onset - Dwight Bergles Laboratory
Neurons in the developing auditory system fire bursts of action potentials before the onset of hearing. This spontaneousactivity promotes the survival and maturation of auditory neurons and the refinement of synaptic connections in auditory nuclei; however, the mechanisms responsible for initiating this activity remain uncertain. Previous studies indicate that inner supporting cells (ISCs) in the developing cochlea periodically release ATP, which depolarizes inner hair cells (IHCs), leading to bursts of action potentials in postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). To determine when purinergic signaling appears in the developing cochlea and whether it is responsible for initiating auditory neuron activity throughout the prehearing period, we examined spontaneousactivity from ISCs, IHCs, and SGNs in cochleae acutely isolated from rats during the first three postnatal weeks. We found that ATP was released from ISCs within the cochlea from birth until the onset of hearing, which led to periodic ...
http://bergleslab.com/index.php/tag/hearing-onset/
The mechanical waveform of the basilar membrane. II. From data to models--and back. - Semantic ScholarThe mechanical waveform of the basilar membrane. II. From data to models--and back. - Semantic Scholar
Mechanical responses in the basal turn of the guinea-pig cochlea are measured with low-level broad-band noise as the acoustical stimulus [for details see de Boer and Nuttall, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 3583-3592 (1997)]. Results are interpreted within the framework of a classical three-dimensional model of the cochlea that belongs to a very wide class of nonlinear models. The use of linear-systems analysis for this class of nonlinear models has been justified earlier [de Boer, Audit. Neurosci. 3, 377-388 (1997)]. The data are subjected to inverse analysis with the aim to recover the effective basilar-membrane impedance. This is a parameter function that, when inserted into the model, produces a model response, the resynthesized response, that is similar to the measured response. With present-day solution methods, resynthesis leads back to an almost perfect replica of the original response in the spatial domain. It is demonstrated in this paper that this also applies to the response in the frequency
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-mechanical-waveform-of-the-basilar-membrane-II-Boer-Nuttall/70da63088bb82164f957a203532578a9d19a334c
Research | USF HealthResearch | USF Health
Photograph of a receptor cell, known as an outer hair cell (OHC), in the mammalian cochlea with its large nucleus (N) located at the base of the cell. Receptor cells in the cochlea have structures known as stereocilia (S) at their apex. These structures convert the mechanical energy of sound to an electrochemical signal that can be processed by the peripheral and central auditory nerves. Outer hair cells have an additional feature; they can contract and extend in response to hyper- and depolarization of the cell. Their motility is regulated by signals from the brain, thereby allowing for the fine-tuning of mechanical signals that impinge on the cochlea. The photo was taken at a magnification of 7100 X using an electron microscope by Margaret Harvey, Senior Biological Scientist. Check out the link to see an outer hair cells response to music: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c91ubWbScs4 ...
https://health.usf.edu/medicine/ent/research
Click to printClick to print
About 95 percent of sound input to the brain comes from the ears inner hair cells.. These inner hair cells are like spark plugs in an 8-cylinder engine, says Salvi. A car wont run well if you remove half of those spark plugs, but people can still present with normal hearing thresholds if theyve lost half or even three-quarters of their inner hair cells.. Ear damage reduces the signal that goes the brain. That results in trouble hearing, but thats not whats happening here, because the brain has a central gain control, like a radio, the listener can turn up the volume control to better hear a distant station. Salvi says.. Sound is converted to neural activity by the inner hair cells in the auditory part of the ear, called the cochlea.. Sound-evoked neural activity then travels from the cochlea to the auditory nerve and into the central auditory pathway of the brain. Halfway up the auditory pathway the information is relayed into a structure known as the inferior colliculus, before ...
http://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/hearing-tests-miss-common-form-of-hearing-loss-study-shows/
New understanding of hearing loss - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comNew understanding of hearing loss - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
The researchers show that this is due to a molecular signalling pathway in the cochlea, mediated by a chemical compound called ATP, released by the cochlear tissue with noise and activating specific ATP receptors in the cochlear cells.. Interestingly, if the pathway is removed, such as by genetic manipulations, this adaptive mechanism doesnt occur and the ear becomes very vulnerable to longer term noise exposure and the effects of age, eventually resulting in permanent hearing loss.. In other words the adaptive mechanism also protects the ear, says Professor Thorne.. The second paper, done in collaboration with United States colleagues, reveals a new genetic cause of deafness in humans which involves exactly the same mechanism.. People (two families in China) who had a mutation in the ATP receptor showed a rapidly progressing hearing loss which was accelerated if they worked in noisy environments.. This work is important because it shows that our ears naturally adapt to their environment, ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/ear-nose-throat/37748-new-understanding-of-hearing-loss.html
Evaluation of hearing and cochlear function by audiometric testing in patients with hyperemesis gravidarumEvaluation of hearing and cochlear function by audiometric testing in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum
INTRODUCTION: the aim of this study was to investigate cochlear functions in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). METHODES: twenty-nine HG patients (58 ears) and 31 healthy control subjects (62 ears) were included. Audiometry testings at 250 and 500 Hz and 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 kHz were performed to the patients and controls. RESULTS: mean age of patients with HG was 26,5 4,4 years and the mean age of control group was 28,0 4,2 years. At the time of the tests mean gestational age of the HG group and controls were 9 and 11 weeks respectively. No differences were observed between the groups in tympanic membrane status, orother otolaringological evaluations. No significant differences were observed in audiometric tests at any frequencies between the groups (p values for all>0.05). CONCLUSION: there was not a difference between pregnant cases with HG and cases with normal pregnancy in terms of audimetric tests. Cochlear functions are not affectedremarkably in women with HG.
http://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/20/231/full/
Cochlea Conferences | Meetings | Events | Symposiums | OMICS GroupCochlea Conferences | Meetings | Events | Symposiums | OMICS Group
Omics group organizes Cochlea national symposiums, conferences across the globe in association with popular Cochlea associations and companies. OMICS group planned its conferences, and events in america, europe, middle east and asia pacific. locations which are popular with international conferences, symposiums and events are china, canada, dubai, uae, france, spain, india, australia, italy, germany, singapore, malaysia, brazil, south korea, san francisco, las vegas, san antonio, omaha, orlando, raleigh, santa clara, chicago, philadelphia, baltimore, united kingdom, valencia, dubai, beijing, hyderabad, bengaluru and mumbai
https://www.conferenceseries.com/cochlea.php
Medical Animation: Cochlear Implants | St. Louis Childrens HospitalMedical Animation: Cochlear Implants | St. Louis Childrens Hospital
During normal hearing, sound waves travel through the ear canal and strike the eardrum causing it to vibrate. The eardrum is attached to three tiny bones in the middle ear. The last bone, the stapes, pushes on a fluid-filled chamber in the inner ear, called the cochlea. This fluid movement causes sensitive hair cells within the cochlea to bend. When the hair cells bend, they generate an electrical signal that is sent to the brain. Disease, damage, or deformity of the cochlear hair cells is a common cause of hearing impairment or deafness. These malfunctioning hair cells may send intermittent or unclear signals to the auditory nerve, or send no signal at all. A device called a cochlear implant can restore hearing by replacing these damaged structures with a wire that is implanted in the cochlea. In order to stimulate the hearing process, sound waves are first received by a microphone unit, or speech processor, that hangs over the back of the ear. Within the processor, sound is filtered and ...
https://www.stlouischildrens.org/health-resources/pulse/medical-animation-cochlear-implants
Genetic variation of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in non-cranial-irradiated pediatric patients using a candidate gene approach...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic variation of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in non-cranial-irradiated pediatric patients using a candidate gene approach. T2 - The International PanCareLIFE Study. AU - PanCareLIFE consortium. AU - Clemens, Eva. AU - Broer, Linda. AU - Langer, Thorsten. AU - Uitterlinden, André G. AU - de Vries, Andrica C H. AU - van Grotel, Martine. AU - Pluijm, Saskia F M. AU - Binder, Harald. AU - Byrne, Julianne. AU - Broeder, Eline van Dulmen-den. AU - Crocco, Marco. AU - Grabow, Desiree. AU - Kaatsch, Peter. AU - Kaiser, Melanie. AU - Kenborg, Line. AU - Winther, Jeanette F. AU - Rechnitzer, Catherine. AU - Hasle, Henrik. AU - Kepak, Tomas. AU - van der Kooi, Anne-Lotte F. AU - Kremer, Leontien C. AU - Kruseova, Jarmila. AU - Kuehni, Claudia E. AU - van der Pal, Heleen. AU - Parfitt, Ross. AU - Deuster, Dirk. AU - Matulat, Peter. AU - Spix, Claudia. AU - Tillmanns, Amelie. AU - Tissing, Wim J E. AU - Maier, Lara. AU - Am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, Antoinette. AU - Zolk, Oliver. AU - van den ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/genetic-variation-of-cisplatin-induced-ototoxicity-in-non-cranial
Comprehensive Analyses of Gene Expressions in The Developing Primate Cochlea: Basic Analyses Toward Inner Ear Regeneration in...Comprehensive Analyses of Gene Expressions in The Developing Primate Cochlea: Basic Analyses Toward Inner Ear Regeneration in...
1 Department of Otolaryngology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.. Understanding developmental process of organs and tissue generations is particularly of great importance not only for its scientific value but also its application towards regenerative therapeutics because re-tracking organogenesis is a feasible strategy for regeneration. Particularly, recent advances in cell therapy using stem/progenitor cells enable us to cure damaged, and even lost, organs; In these process, several sources are being used for producing graft cells including tissue precursors, mesenchymal stem cells and even human ES/iPS cells.. To manipulate these cells to obtain appropriate cell types efficiently, detailed knowledge of molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying developmental process in each organogenesis is indispensable. However, we know little about the process, especially in human cochlear development, because of the rarity of chance to assess human fetal samples. In this perspective, non-human primates are ...
https://endoearboston.com/presentation/comprehensive-analyses-of-gene-expressions-in-the-developing-primate-cochlea-basic-analyses-toward-inner-ear-regeneration-in-human/
Volume flow rate of perilymph in the guinea-pig cochlea.
The rate of longitudinal flow of perilymph has been measured using an ionic tracer technique. Spread of the tracer trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) along the perilymphatic scalae was monitored with ion-selective microelectrodes following injection of a
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Volume-flow-rate-perilymph-in/3198505.html
Phenotype Image DetailPhenotype Image Detail
Wild-type (right) Kcnq1tm1Kpfe/Kcnq1tm1Kpfe (left) comparisons of the midmodular sections of the cochlea at P0 (A), P3 (B) and P70 (C). Note the collapse of Reissners membrane at P3 (B) and degeneration of inner and outer hair cells at P70 (C). D-F: Details of the saccule at P0 (D), P8 (E) and P70 (F ...
http://www.informatics.jax.org/image/pheno/MGI:3716126
The electrically stimulated cochlea: Calculation of the potential distribution in the inner ear and the excitation of the...
Rattay, F., Lutter, P., and Naves Leao, R. (2000).The electrically stimulated cochlea: Calculation of the potential distribution in the inner ear and the excitation of the auditory nerve. Presented at the 3rd Mathmod, IMACS Symposium on Math. Modelling, Vienna ...
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/2396432
Cochlea - Stock Image P434/0097 - Science Photo LibraryCochlea - Stock Image P434/0097 - Science Photo Library
Cochlea, filled with fluids called perilymph and endolymph, a spiral-shaped cavity in the ear that translates sound waves into electrical nerve impulses and sends them to the cerebral cortex for interpretation. - Stock Image P434/0097
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/309168/view
Electrodes and Channels | cochlear implant HELPElectrodes and Channels | cochlear implant HELP
The cochlea is arranged like a rolled-up piano keyboard, as shown in box A in the figure below. Lining the cochlea are many thousands of hair cells that convert the sound into electrical signals. Cochlear implants only have up to a couple of dozen electrodes, each of which performs a similar function to a hair…
https://cochlearimplanthelp.com/journey/choosing-a-cochlear-implant/electrodes-and-channels/
The Mysterious World of the Deaf | by Gavin Francis | The New York Review of BooksThe Mysterious World of the Deaf | by Gavin Francis | The New York Review of Books
The origins of our inner ear lie hundreds of millions of years back in evolution, when primitive fish began to develop hollows in the skin that were sensitive to waves of pressure from water around them, as well as to waters movement as they pitched and rolled. With time the nerves became more refined, the hollows became tubes of seawater, and those tubes eventually closed off and buried themselves in the head. Further on in evolution, bones that were originally related to the jaw migrated and miniaturized, becoming the amplifying bones of the ear. The tubes dedicated to sensing rotational movement became our semicircular canals (balance), and its theorized that parts involved in sensing the pressure waves became our cochleas (hearing). In the composition of their salts, the fluids of our inner ear still carry the memory of that primordial ocean.. Within the human cochlea is a thin sensitive membrane, around thirty to thirty-five millimeters long, wound into a spiral and bathed in this salty ...
https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/11/20/mysterious-world-deaf/
Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) Portal Zone
This site contains information on the otoacoustic emissions, details on available OAE hardware and software and on-line OAE lectures and white papers
http://oae.it/index.php/en/
Macromolecular and electrical coupling between inner hair cells in the rodent cochlea - Contact Corresponding Author : Nature...Macromolecular and electrical coupling between inner hair cells in the rodent cochlea - Contact Corresponding Author : Nature...
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.. ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17003-z/email/correspondent/c1/new?error=cookies_not_supported&code=cc80fdda-a8f3-49dd-98fa-2405e2ff3acb
Researchers find a drug combination that could regenerate ear hair cells - Hearing Like MeResearchers find a drug combination that could regenerate ear hair cells - Hearing Like Me
Will we be able to restore hearing loss? It was recently found that we as humans do possess an ability to regenerate cells in our intestines. A similarity between these cells in the intestine and cells found in the cochlea led researchers to discover a drug that could regenerate cochlea cells.
https://www.hearinglikeme.com/researchers-find-new-drug-combination-that-could-regenerate-ear-hair-cells/
Lisa Goodrich | NeurobiologyLisa Goodrich | Neurobiology
Animals are able to detect, perceive, and react to a wide range of stimuli in their environment. Although sensory information always flows from peripheral sensory organs into the central nervous system, each system exhibits specialized features, highlighted by differences at the circuit level. For instance, in the cochlea, sound information is organized according to frequency and must be communicated with exquisite speed and precision, thereby permitting animals to localize sounds based on miniscule differences in timing. In the retina, on the other hand, a wide variety of neuronal subtypes cooperate to detect and encode aspects of the visual scene, such as the onset of light or direction-selective motion. Accordingly, neurons in the cochlea and retina exhibit fundamentally distinct morphologies and patterns of connectivity. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory neurons of the inner ear, have quite simple bipolar shapes, with unbranched peripheral processes projecting like spokes ...
https://neuro.hms.harvard.edu/faculty-staff/lisa-goodrich
Steps in research paper writing: Low incidence disabilities in education and what medical supports are Assignment
Low incidence disabilities in education and what medical supports are available - Assignment Example There are specialized interventions that cater for students with hearing impairments in the society. This involves cochlear implants that provide a sense of sound to low incidence students that have a problem with hearing. The surgical electronic device is essential for students with partial damages on the sensory hair cells in the cochlea. Its relevance in hearing is evident in different ways. In this case, adults benefit immediately through experiencing improvement in the first three months of implantation. The children may improve at a slower pace since they need a lot of training during implantations process. In general, victims who undergo cochlea implantation perceive loud, medium and soft sounds as they understand speech through lip reading (Niparko, 2009). At the same time, there are autism interventions that involve communication and behavioral strategies. In most cases, this treatment ...
https://stepsinresearchpaperwriting27.blogspot.com/2019/11/low-incidence-disabilities-in-education.html
Plus it
We suggest that one role of regulated surface AMPAR expression is to limit excitotoxicity that might be induced during acoustic overstimulation. Intense acoustic stimulation can produce histological signs thought to be associated with excitotoxicity, which include vacuolization in the auditory nerve terminals and in the satellite cells near the ganglion cell bodies (Sun et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2002). The noise exposure we employed normally induces removal of surface AMPARs and does not induce signs of excitotoxicity. But when the removal of surface AMPARs was blocked with myr-Dyn, these same stimuli generated excitotoxic responses. In neuronal cultures from the CNS, excitotoxicity can be observed as a calpain-mediated cell death (Bano et al. 2005; Lankiewicz et al. 2000). We showed that a brief exposure to glutamate receptor agonists at concentrations that induce surface AMPAR removal without generating cell death can induce cell death when removal of surface AMPARs is blocked by ...
http://jn.physiology.org/content/102/2/1152
Audiogram defects (was Re: Cochlea -- quality of filtering)Audiogram defects (was Re: Cochlea -- quality of filtering)
Susan wrote: actually, thats not quite true. one of the beauties of the critical band theory is that it *does* address the shape and size of the filters. fletcher, in his original theory, assumed they were symmetrical, but did not know for sure. when patterson and moore created psychophysical tuning curves they were asymmetrical, so patterson controlled for off-freq listening by using notched noise. when he did that, it forced the subjects to listen to the filter centered on fs and the bands were shown to be symmetrical. - Actually, what I said is accurate. However, the response suggests the literature I made reference to may not well known or how it shows CB theory has a weakness. The work I made reference to agrees with the Fletcher and Patterson work in that there is a mechanism (yes, probably peripheral) that aids in the selectivity of the auditory system. What the data also shows, however, is that the auditory system processes information OUTSIDE the critical band and it affects the ...
http://bio.net/bionet/mm/audiolog/1995-September/000600.html
Aspidosiphon muelleriAspidosiphon muelleri
"Heteropsammia cochlea". Corals of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Retrieved 6 February 2019. Ferrero-Vicente ... free-living corals such as Heterocyathus aequicostatus and Heteropsammia cochlea. This peanut worm reproduces sexually, females ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspidosiphon_muelleri
Cochlear implantCochlear implant
"Cochlea-Implantat , AOK - Die Gesundheitskasse". www.aok.de (in German). Retrieved 2022-02-14. "Kosten für ein Cochlea- ... In 1964, Blair Simmons and Robert J. White implanted a single-channel electrode in a patient's cochlea at Stanford University. ... how the implant is situated in the cochlea, the overall health of the cochlear nerve, but also individual capabilities of re- ... and an array of electrodes which is placed into the cochlea, which stimulate the cochlear nerve. The surgical procedure is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_implant
Inner earInner ear
... which generally detect lower-frequency sounds than the cochlea. The cochlea of birds is also similar to that of crocodiles, ... The cochlea propagates these mechanical signals as waves in the fluid and membranes and then converts them to nerve impulses ... Boettcher's cells are found in the organ of Corti where they are present only in the lower turn of the cochlea. They lie on the ... Rosenthal's canal or the spiral canal of the cochlea is a section of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear that is approximately ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_ear
Temporal envelope and fine structureTemporal envelope and fine structure
However, in a normally functioning cochlea, complex broadband signals are decomposed by the filtering on the basilar membrane ( ... Bacon S (2004). Compression: From Cochlea to Cochlear Implants. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Springer. ISBN ... Manley GA (2017). Understanding the Cochlea. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research. Springer. ISBN 9783319520711. Kale S, ... BM) within the cochlea into a series of narrowband signals. Therefore, the waveform at each place on the BM can be considered ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure
Cochlear amplifierCochlear amplifier
In the mammalian cochlea, wave amplification occurs via the outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. These cells sit directly ... These waves exert a pressure on the basilar and tectorial membranes of the cochlea which vibrate in response to sound waves of ... The Physical Basis of the Action of the Cochlea D. T. Kemp 1978 : Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory ... Sound waves enter the scala vestibuli of the cochlea and travel throughout it, carrying with them various sound frequencies. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_amplifier
Sensory nervous systemSensory nervous system
For example, a cochlea is not a passive organ, but actively vibrates its own sensory hairs to improve its sensitivity. This ... There is still a quiescent state for the cochlea, since there is a well-defined mode of power input that it receives (vibratory ... Dallos, P (1992-12-01). "The active cochlea". The Journal of Neuroscience. 12 (12): 4575-4585. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-12- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_nervous_system
TurritellaTurritella
... cochlea Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849 Turritella acicula Stimpson, 1851: synonym of Turritellopsis ... Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010. Turritella columnaris ... 1951 Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849 Turritella columnaris Kiener, 1843 Turritella communis Risso, 1826 Turritella concava ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turritella
Critical bandCritical band
Within the inner ear sits the cochlea. The cochlea is a snail-shaped formation that enables sound transmission via a ... The cochlea is a complex structure, consisting of three layers of fluid. The scala vestibuli and scala media are separated by ... When a sound is presented to the human ear, the time taken for the wave to travel through the cochlea is only 5 milliseconds. ... They are non-linear, level-dependent and the bandwidth decreases from the base to apex of the cochlea as the tuning on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_band
Basilar membraneBasilar membrane
The basilar membrane is widest (0.42-0.65 mm) and least stiff at the apex of the cochlea, and narrowest (0.08-0.16 mm) and ... The basilar membrane is a stiff structural element within the cochlea of the inner ear which separates two liquid-filled tubes ... Deiters cells Holmes M, Cole JS (1983). "Pseudoresonance in the cochlea". In de Boer E, Viergever MA (eds.). Mechanics of ... Fay RR, Popper AN, Bacon SP (2004). Compression: From Cochlea to Cochlear Implants. Springer. ISBN 0-387-00496-3. Oghalai JS ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilar_membrane
Olivocochlear systemOlivocochlear system
The Cochlea. New York: Springer. pp. 435-502. ISBN 978-0-387-94449-4. OCLC 33243443. Warr, WB.; Beck, JE.; Neely, ST. (1997). " ... The MOCS gives rise to a frequency-specific innervation of the cochlea, in that MOC fibres terminate on the outer hair cells at ... In the cats without efferent input to the cochlea, elevated thresholds of the AN, a decreased sharpness of the tuning curves, ... The olivocochlear system is a component of the auditory system involved with the descending control of the cochlea. Its nerve ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivocochlear_system
Bern RiddlesBern Riddles
de cochlea/snail-shell; 48. de castanea/chestnut; 49. de pluuia/rain; 50. de uino/wine; 50a. de charta/[wood-pulp] paper; 51. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bern_Riddles
Richard F. LyonRichard F. Lyon
During this period he published a paper with Carver Mead describing an analog cochlea which modeled the propagation of sound in ... Lyon, R. F.; Mead, C. (1988). "An analog electronic cochlea" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal ... Hamilton, Tara Julia (6 February 2009). "The silicon cochlea: 20 years on" (PDF). The Neuromorphic Engineer. doi:10.2417/ ... and Compression in the Cochlea". IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. 7: 1282-1285. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_F._Lyon
Tiliqua rugosaTiliqua rugosa
Their hearing can be measured at the round window as cochlear microphonics and summating potential (of the cochlea), and ... Johnstone, J. R. & Johnstone, B. M. (1969). "Electrophysiology of the lizard cochlea". Experimental Neurology. 24 (1): 99-109. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiliqua_rugosa
Johnstons organJohnston's organ
In the mosquito, the Johnston's organ houses ~15 000 sensory cells in males, comparable to that in the human cochlea, and ... "Mechanics of the mammalian cochlea". Physiological Reviews. 81: 1305-1352. doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1305.{{cite journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnston's_organ
Cochlear ductCochlear duct
The cochlear duct is part of the cochlea. It is separated from the tympanic duct (scala tympani) by the basilar membrane. It is ... Drugs delivered directly to the tympanic duct will spread to all of the cochlea except for the cochlear duct. Rarely, the ... The cochlear duct (bounded by the scala media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located between the tympanic ... Cross section of the cochlea. Feher, Joseph (2012). "4.7 - Hearing". Quantitative Human Physiology - An Introduction (2nd ed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_duct
Analog earAnalog ear
An analog ear or analog cochlea is a model of the ear or of the cochlea (in the inner ear) based on an electrical, electronic ... A modern theory of the dynamics of the cochlea, accounting for the hydrodynamics of the cochlear ducts and the dynamics of the ... "VLSI cochlea analog - Google Scholar". Retrieved 2014-04-05. (CS1 errors: missing periodical, All articles with dead external ... Peterson, L. C.; Bogert, B. P. (1950). "A Dynamical Theory of the Cochlea". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_ear
Oxymeris trochleaOxymeris trochlea
Rediscovery of Terebra cochlea Deshayes. The Veliger 11(4): 334-335 Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). Living terebras of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymeris_trochlea
Tectorial membraneTectorial membrane
The tectoria membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar ... This raises the possibility that the TM may be involved in the longitudinal propagation of energy in the intact cochlea. MIT ... Cross section of the cochlea. Thalmann, I.; Thallinger, G.; Comegys, T.H.; Thalmann, R. (1986). "Collagen - The Predominant ... and traditionally was neglected or downplayed in many models of the cochlea. However, recent genetic , mechanical and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectorial_membrane
Spiral ganglionSpiral ganglion
The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea. These ... Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the cochlea Organ of corti This article incorporates text in the public domain from page ... ISBN 0-387-97800-3. H Spoendlin (1972). "Innervation densities of the cochlea". Acta Otolaryngol. 73 (2): 235-48. doi:10.3109/ ... Neurons whose cell bodies lie in the spiral ganglion are strung along the bony core of the cochlea, and send fibers (axons) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_ganglion
Reticular membraneReticular membrane
Cross section of the cochlea. Histology and Virtual Microscopy Learning Resources University of Michigan Medical School; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_membrane
Carver MeadCarver Mead
In 1988, Richard F. Lyon and Carver Mead described the creation of an analog cochlea, modelling the fluid-dynamic traveling- ... Lyon had previously described a computational model for the work of the cochlea. Such technology had potential applications in ... Lyon, R. F.; Mead, C. (1988). "An analog electronic cochlea" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal ... Wen, Bo; Boahen, Kwabena (December 2009). "A Silicon Cochlea With Active Coupling". IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carver_Mead
Gabriele FaernoGabriele Faerno
Iupiter et cochlea - mentioned under Zeus and the Tortoise 58. Satyrus et homo - The Satyr and the Traveller 59. Mures et feles ... cochleae. 33. cornix et hirundo. 34. Mercurius et statuarius - The Statue of Hermes 35. Pater et filii - The Farmer and his ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriele_Faerno
Spiral ligamentSpiral ligament
Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the cochlea. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1054 of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_ligament
Vestibular ductVestibular duct
The cochlea and vestibule, viewed from above. Transverse section of the cochlear duct of a fetal cat. Interior of right osseous ... The vestibular duct or scala vestibuli is a perilymph-filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear that conducts sound ... Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the cochlea. Tympanic duct Slide from University of Kansas Diagram at Indiana University ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_duct
MechanotransductionMechanotransduction
At the end of the ossicular chain, movement of the stapes footplate within the oval window of the cochlea generates a pressure ... Hair cells in the cochlea are stimulated when the basilar membrane is driven up and down by differences in the fluid pressure ... Mammano, F.; Nobili, R (1993). "Biophysics of the cochlea: Linear approximation". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of ... "Stiffness gradient along the basilar membrane as a basis for spatial frequency analysis within the cochlea". doi:10.18725/OPARU ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanotransduction
Glossary of medicineGlossary of medicine
Sensorineural hearing ability is mediated by the inner ear composed of the cochlea with its internal basilar membrane and ... and the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_medicine
EarEar
The cochlea consists of three fluid-filled spaces: the vestibular duct, the cochlear duct, and the tympanic duct. Hair cells ... The cochlea is a spiral shell-shaped organ responsible for the sense of hearing. These structures together create the ... The development of inner ear structures such as the cochlea is regulated by Dlx5/Dlx6, Otx1/Otx2 and Pax2, which in turn are ... In 1961, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the function of the cochlea in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear
KinociliumKinocilium
Histology: A Test and Atlas[page needed] Raphael Y, Altschuler RA (June 2003). "Structure and innervation of the cochlea". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinocilium
Malvin Carl TeichMalvin Carl Teich
Teich, M. C.; Heneghan, C.; Khanna, S. M. (1997). "Analysis of Cellular Vibrations in the Living Cochlea Using the Continuous ... Hensen's-cell vibrations in the cochlea. Fractal character of the cochlear-nerve-fiber spike train. Fractal shot noise. Quantum ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvin_Carl_Teich
PerilymphPerilymph
The inner ear has two major parts, the cochlea and the vestibular organ. They are connected in a series of canals in the ... It is found within the scala tympani and scala vestibuli of the cochlea. The ionic composition of perilymph is comparable to ... Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ (1978). "Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport". Acta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perilymph
Hearing and the cochlea - Health Video: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaHearing and the cochlea - Health Video: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
This action is passed onto the cochlea, a fluid-filled snail-like structure that contains the organ of Corti, the organ for ... Fibers near the upper end of the cochlea resonate to lower frequency sound. Those near the oval window respond to higher ... It consists of tiny hair cells that line the cochlea. These cells translate vibrations into electrical impulses that are ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/anatomyvideos/000063.htm
Tectorial Membrane - CochleaTectorial Membrane - Cochlea
The membrane is joined to the bony shelf of the cochlea and passes like a roof over the receptor cells, making contact with the ...
https://www.innerbody.com/image_nerv14/nerv180.html
Browsing by Subject CochleaBrowsing by Subject "Cochlea"
JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Cochlea&type=mesh
Internationaler Workshop zum räumlichen Hören, Hörgeräten und Cochlea-Implantaten am HWKInternationaler Workshop zum räumlichen Hören, Hörgeräten und Cochlea-Implantaten am HWK
Besonders komplex ist das Problem, Defizite im binauralen Hören mit Hilfe von Hörgeräten oder Cochlea-Implantaten zu ... Internationaler Workshop zum räumlichen Hören, Hörgeräten und Cochlea-Implantaten am HWK. Dipl.-Sozialwissenschaftlerin Heidi ... mit binauralem Hören bei Trägern von Cochlea-Implantaten beschäftigt. Auch Prof. Dr. John Middlebrooks (University of ...
https://idw-online.de/en/news632277
Astragaloside IV inhibits apoptotic cell death in the guinea pig cochlea exposed to impulse noiseAstragaloside IV inhibits apoptotic cell death in the guinea pig cochlea exposed to impulse noise
... Acta Otolaryngol. 2012 May; ... We aimed to investigate if the beneficial effects of astragaloside IV on cochlea exposed to impulse noise are associated with ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22217340/
Stem cell transplantation into mouse cochlea may impact future hearing loss therapies | health.amStem cell transplantation into mouse cochlea may impact future hearing loss therapies | health.am
Stem cell transplantation into mouse cochlea may impact future hearing loss therapies ... They noted that the number of cells able to be transplanted into cochleae is limited because of the cochleaes tiny size. Thus ... Researchers in Japan who evaluated the risks and efficacy of transplanting two varieties of stem cells into mouse cochlea have ... However, there is a risk of tumor growth associated with transplanting iPS cells into mouse cochleae. Given the potential for ...
http://www.health.am/ab/more/impact-future-hearing-loss-therapies/
Synchronization of a Nonlinear Oscillator: Processing the Cf Component of the Echo-Response Signal in the Cochlea of the...Synchronization of a Nonlinear Oscillator: Processing the Cf Component of the Echo-Response Signal in the Cochlea of the...
... cochlea at tone onset are broader with tips that are a few hundred hertz lower in frequency than those of the active cochlea ... The Q3dB of the SI region of the cochlea can be very high (∼900; Kössl and Russell, 1995), so that the CM in response to ... A, CM frequency recorded from the cochlea of a bat with a cochlear resonance of 61 kHz as a function of time from the onset of ... The curves in Figure 4C are based on CMs measured from a cochlea with a prolonged ringing and sharply tuned resonance (Q3dB = ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/29/9508
TAM039] ORG - Behind Cochlea :: Taktalsmittel - Techno-Locator.ruTAM039] ORG - Behind Cochlea :: Taktalsmittel - Techno-Locator.ru
2-behind_cochlea [4:06m]. 3-Tatlım_Kreuzberg [4:51m]. 4-solaris [4:30m]. 5-weed_beat [3:54m] ... Film im Kopf? Hier kommt der Soundtrack! ORG bewegt sich auf gewohntem Electro- und Downtempo-Terrain und regt die Cochlea an. ...
http://www.techno-locator.ru/releases/2010/february.html/nid/2161
Structural Aspects of Slow Mechanical Adaptation in the Vertebrate CochleaStructural Aspects of Slow Mechanical Adaptation in the Vertebrate Cochlea
... or protect the cochlea from excessive mechanical stimuli. Mammalian outer hair cells, several types of supporting cells, ... or protect the cochlea from excessive mechanical stimuli. Mammalian outer hair cells, several types of supporting cells, ...
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gj579qg
Dick Lyon on Modeling Nonlinear Mechanics in Normal (and Impaired) Cochleas - Whose Data Should We Ignore? | CCRMADick Lyon on Modeling Nonlinear Mechanics in Normal (and Impaired) Cochleas - Whose Data Should We Ignore? | CCRMA
What: Modeling Nonlinear Mechanics in Normal (and Impaired) Cochleas - Whose Data Should We Ignore?. Why: The cochlea starts ... Dick Lyon on Modeling Nonlinear Mechanics in Normal (and Impaired) Cochleas - Whose Data Should We Ignore?. Date: Fri, 10/28/ ...
https://ccrma.stanford.edu/events/dick-lyon-modeling-nonlinear-mechanics-in-normal-and-impaired-cochleas-whose-data-should-we-i
Changing Cochleas, Part 5: Learning What We Need to Learn - Gael HannanChanging Cochleas, Part 5: Learning What We Need to Learn - Gael Hannan
Changing Cochleas, Part 5: Learning What We Need to Learn. March 13, 2017. March 13, 2017. Gael Hannan 4 Comments 1751 views ( ... Next in the Changing Cochleas series: Part 6, Whazzat?. Thank you to Cochlear Americas and to HearingHealthMatters.org for ... "Changing Cochleas" is a 7-part series about my hearing journey with a cochlear implant. CI organizations produce the technology ... This electrode array in my cochlea has turned me into a computer; I have stuff operating inside my head! In this computer, the ...
https://hearinghealthmatters.org/betterhearingconsumer/2017/changing-cochleas-part-5-learning-what-we-need-to-learn/
Reconstruction of audio waveforms from spike trains of artificial cochlea models - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveReconstruction of audio waveforms from spike trains of artificial cochlea models - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
Spiking cochlea models describe the analog processing and spike generation process within the biological cochlea. ... Spiking cochlea models describe the analog processing and spike generation process within the biological cochlea. ... Reconstructing the audio input from the artificial cochlea spikes is therefore useful for understanding the fidelity of the ... The reconstructed audio from the hardware cochlea is evaluated against an analogous software model using objective measures of ...
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/121790/
Geometric modelling of the temporal bone for cochlea implant simulatio by Catherine Todd, Fazel Naghdy et al."Geometric modelling of the temporal bone for cochlea implant simulatio" by Catherine Todd, Fazel Naghdy et al.
Electrode array insertion into the cochlea will be introduced in the final stage of design. ... first stage in the development of a clinically valid surgical simulator for training otologic surgeons in performing cochlea ... Todd, C., Naghdy, F. & OLeary, S. (2004). Geometric modelling of the temporal bone for cochlea implant simulation. In R. ... Electrode array insertion into the cochlea will be introduced in the final stage of design. ...
https://ro.uow.edu.au/engpapers/579/
Hearing tests, audiometry | CochleaHearing tests, audiometry | Cochlea
Audition : généralités, audition santé, audition prévention conseil, prothèse auditive, appareils auditifs, aide auditive, perte audition, audition infos, surdité, acouphènes, perception auditive, sons
https://www.cochlea.org/en/treatments
Opposing effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on epithelial and mesenchymal cell fate in the developing cochlea | Development |...Opposing effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on epithelial and mesenchymal cell fate in the developing cochlea | Development |...
E) Control cochlea with supporting cells expressing Krt8. (F,F′) Few foci in the organ of Corti from Axin2-Ctnnb1 cochlea ... E) Control cochlea with supporting cells expressing Krt8. (F,F′) Few foci in the organ of Corti from Axin2-Ctnnb1 cochlea ... L-L″) Axin2-tdTomato-Ctnnb1 cochlea contained numerous tdTomato+ and tdTomato− foci along the length of the cochlea (arrowheads ... L-L″) Axin2-tdTomato-Ctnnb1 cochlea contained numerous tdTomato+ and tdTomato− foci along the length of the cochlea (arrowheads ...
https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/148/11/dev199091/268974/Opposing-effects-of-Wnt-catenin-signaling-on
Cochlea shaped Opal pendant - AudblingCochlea shaped Opal pendant - Audbling
Marq Shaped Cochlea with Black Trim necklace. $60.00. Add to cart Quick View ... Be the first to review "Cochlea shaped Opal pendant" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields ... The high-quality, sterling silver jewelry is inspired by the shape of the cochlea, the part of the ear that gives us the ...
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2 round dangle cochlea earring - Audbling2 round dangle cochlea earring - Audbling
Small cochlea shaped heart stud earrings. $10.00. Add to cart Quick View ... Be the first to review "2 round dangle cochlea earring" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields ... The high-quality, sterling silver jewelry is inspired by the shape of the cochlea, the part of the ear that gives us the ... double cochlea round dangle earrings one small round and one round 925 silver ...
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c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation: biomarker for cellular stress rather than cell death in the injured cochlea | Crickc-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation: biomarker for cellular stress rather than cell death in the injured cochlea | Crick
We have characterized the c-Jun stress response in the mouse cochlea challenged with acoustic overstimulation and ototoxins, by ... c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation: biomarker for cellular stress rather than cell death in the injured cochlea ...
https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/publications/c-jun-n-terminal-phosphorylation-biomarker-for-cellular-stress-rather-than-cell-death-in-the-injured-cochlea
Exploiting decellularized cochleae as scaffolds for inner ear tissue engineeringExploiting decellularized cochleae as scaffolds for inner ear tissue engineering
... * Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in ... A Protocol for Decellularizing Mouse Cochleae for Inner Ear Tissue Engineering * Microsphere-based gradient implants for ... Exploiting decellularized cochleae as scaffolds for inner ear tissue engineering. Posted. February 8, 2021. ...
https://ronawk.com/knowledge-base/exploiting-decellularized-cochleae-as-scaffolds-for-inner-ear-tissue-engineering/
Heteropsammia cochlea - Walking DendroHeteropsammia cochlea - Walking Dendro
While H. cochlea is often found living adjacent to the fungiid Cycloseris cyclolites and side-by-side with Heterocyathus ... Heteropsammia cochlea Husbandry. Caring for this coral is not difficult so long as the animals basic needs are understood. ... As such H. cochlea should be kept in a tank with a mature sandbed. In addition, the aquarist should consider a longer than ... Many aquarists prefer to keep H. cochlea in a biotope tank, rather than a general reef tank, as the corals ability to move ...
https://bluezooaquatics.com/resources.asp?show=405
Expression pattern of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense-related genes in the aging Fischer 344/NHsd rat cochleaExpression pattern of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense-related genes in the aging Fischer 344/NHsd rat cochlea
Cochlea Cygb Dhcr24 Duox2 Fischer 344 Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Genes Gpx3 Gpx6 Gsr Gstk1 Male Nqo1 Oxidative ... Expression pattern of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense-related genes in the aging Fischer 344/NHsd rat cochlea. ... Expression pattern of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense-related genes in the aging Fischer 344/NHsd rat cochlea ... Title : Expression pattern of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense-related genes in the aging Fischer 344/NHsd rat cochlea ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/33695
Cochlea-Implantat - internetFunkeCochlea-Implantat - internetFunke
Ziel des Spieles ist es Cochlea-Implantat Benutzern eine online Trainingsmöglichkeit zu bieten. Es geht hauptsächlich darum das ...
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Cochlea Modelling - VIANNACochlea Modelling - VIANNA
Cochlea Modelling. Cochlea Modelling. Uncoiled human scala tympani models. If your are interested in our models of the uncoiled ... Schurzig D, Fröhlich M, Raggl S, Scheper V, Lenarz T, Rau TS (2021): Uncoiling the Human Cochlea-Physical Scala Tympani Models ...
https://vianna.de/01_workgroups/cas/methods/cochlearmodelling.html
Stoa Shirt cochlea - BaserangeStoa Shirt cochlea - Baserange
Cotton long sleeve top Hidden button up partial closure Buttons at cuff Slits at side100% Cotton Made in Turkey Model wears a size S
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MRI Cochlea | Tenet DiagnosticsMRI Cochlea | Tenet Diagnostics
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Glossary For A Parents Guide To Hearing Loss | CDCGlossary For A Parent's Guide To Hearing Loss | CDC
Cochlea: The cochlea is in the inner ear. Its a snail-shaped tube that is filled with fluid and has tiny hair cells. Sound ... Inner Ear: The inner ear is made up of the snail shaped organ for hearing (called the cochlea) and the nerves that go to the ... Auditory nerve: (Hearing nerve) This nerve carries electrical signals from the cochlea in the inner ear to the brain. ... that comes into the cochlea moves the hair cells back and forth. This turns sounds into electrical signals that are sent to the ...
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/parentsguide/glossary.html
The cerebral cortex concerned with hearing is in? - AnswersThe cerebral cortex concerned with hearing is in? - Answers
Where is the cochlea. Is the cerebellum part of the brain stem ...
https://www.answers.com/biology/The_cerebral_cortex_concerned_with_hearing_is_in
Cochlea - Thank You (#2001)- Wholesale - arteryinkCochlea - Thank You (#2001)- Wholesale - arteryink
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COCHLEA & EUSTACHIA - Chapter 1 - Page 3
This is sucha gorgeous world of THINGS. I love it! ...
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Cochlea | Young Scientist Journal | Vanderbilt UniversityCochlea | Young Scientist Journal | Vanderbilt University
Cochlea. The Potential Use of Curved Nitinol Stylets for Optimized Robotic Insertion of Perimodiolar Electrode Arrays. The ... Posted by Printess Berry on Thursday, August 27th, 2015 in May 2012, array, Cochlea, Electrode, Nitinol, Robot ... purpose of this study is to assess whether custom-designed Nitinol stylets could better fit the human cochlea than those ...
http://youngscientistjournal.org/youngscientistjournal/tag/cochlea
Inner earSemicircular canalsAuditory nerveMammalianBonyBasilar membraneElectrodeVestibularSnail-shellProtect the cochleaTerm cochleaPluralAnatomyFoveaMouse cochleaArtificial cochleaOrganLabyrinthitisNerveBoneCellsSpiral-shaped2001MittelsBiologicallyAcousticVibrationsImplantationCochlear ductTinnitusApoptosisBrainExposurePathwaysHairDamageNeuralSidesOval windowSoundMainHumanPatterns
Inner ear22
  • Schurzig D, Fröhlich M, Raggl S, Scheper V, Lenarz T, Rau TS (2021): Uncoiling the Human Cochlea-Physical Scala Tympani Models to Study Pharmacokinetics Inside the Inner Ear. (vianna.de)
  • Hearing nerve) This nerve carries electrical signals from the cochlea in the inner ear to the brain. (cdc.gov)
  • The cochlea is in the inner ear. (cdc.gov)
  • The malfunction of the inner ear, due to specific diseases, could be corrected by use of the drugs such as gentamicin that reaches the cochlea through the round window. (unipa.it)
  • The inner ear is composed of two parts: the cochlea for hearing and the vestibular system for balance. (massinitiative.org)
  • The inner ear structure called the cochlea is a snail-shell like structure divided into three fluid-filled parts. (massinitiative.org)
  • The cochlear nerve, also known as the acoustic nerve, is the sensory nerve that transfers auditory information from the cochlea (auditory area of the inner ear) to the brain. (massinitiative.org)
  • Cochlea: The cochlea is the part of the inner ear that converts mechanical energy (vibrations) into nerve impulses sent to the brain. (vypros.com)
  • Cochlea, the end-organ of hearing in the inner ear, is a word that comes from the Greek word for snail ("Κοχλίας", kōhlias) due to its snail like shape. (vypros.com)
  • The first part of your inner ear is the cochlea , which is made of three spiral shaped tubes that are filled with something like water to carry sound further into the body. (rocketlit.com)
  • Little is known about the endogenous concentrations of these metals in the cochlea, the auditory portion of the inner ear which is extremely small and difficult to access. (cdc.gov)
  • The inner ear contains a spiral-shaped cavity called the cochlea. (medscape.com)
  • A cochlear implant is an electronic medical device which stimulates inside the inner ear (cochlea) to provide sound signals to the brain. (thoughtworks.com)
  • Any drug with the potential to cause toxic reactions to structures of the inner ear, including the cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals, and otoliths, is considered ototoxic. (medscape.com)
  • The inner ear (also called the labyrinth) contains 2 main structures - the cochlea, which is involved in hearing, and the vestibular system (consisting of the 3 semicircular canals, saccule and utricle), which is responsible for maintaining balance. (short-facts.com)
  • Inner ear, consisting of: Cochlea. (short-facts.com)
  • The cochlea is the hearing part of the inner ear. (short-facts.com)
  • The inner ear is made up of the cochlea, the auditory nerve and the brain. (short-facts.com)
  • They send the sound waves to the inner ear and into the fluid-filled hearing organ (cochlea). (short-facts.com)
  • A one-time exposure to loud sounds can damage the cells in the cochlea, also known as the inner ear. (bayareaaudiology.com)
  • The root of the cause occurs in either the cochlea or the hearing nerve pathways from the inner ear that carries information about the loudness and clarity of sounds to the brain. (hearingdirect.com)
  • Ototoxic medications - Some prescription medications such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and antidepressants are harmful to the inner ear as well as the nerve fibers connecting the cochlea to the brain. (activears.com)
Semicircular canals1
  • Cochlea and semicircular canals. (cdc.gov)
Auditory nerve2
  • The cochlea contains the nerve endings that transmit sound vibrations from the middle ear to the auditory nerve. (vypros.com)
  • Cochlear implants are neuroprosthetic devices that can bypass a defective cochlea by directly stimulating the auditory nerve with electrical impulses. (pasteur.fr)
Mammalian3
  • Sensory processing in the mammalian cochlea is accomplished through interaction between the basilar membrane (BM) and the tectorial membrane (TM) ( Davis, 1965 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • During embryonic development, the otic epithelium and surrounding periotic mesenchymal cells originate from distinct lineages and coordinate to form the mammalian cochlea. (biologists.com)
  • To date, only the expression of ActRII is known in the adult mammalian cochlea. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Bony4
  • The membrane is joined to the bony shelf of the cochlea and passes like a roof over the receptor cells, making contact with the tips of their hairs. (innerbody.com)
  • The cochlea is made up of three canals wrapped around a bony axis, the modiolus. (massinitiative.org)
  • In the cochlea, both the bony labyrinth and the cochlear duct are coiled in a shape resembling that of a snail shell. (massinitiative.org)
  • The cochlea is bony and looks like a snail. (short-facts.com)
Basilar membrane3
  • a complex epithelial structure in the cochlea that contains thousands of hair cells, rests on the internal surface of the basilar membrane, and in mammals is the chief part of the ear by which sound waves are perceived and converted into nerve impulses to be transmitted to the brain. (vypros.com)
  • It consists essentially of modified ephithelial cells floated upon the auditory epithelium, or basilar membrane, of the cochlea. (vypros.com)
  • fluid tickles hair cells , which register the movement along basilar membrane in cochlea. (wikibooks.org)
Electrode1
  • Electrode array insertion into the cochlea will be introduced in the final stage of design. (edu.au)
Vestibular1
  • Caused by a virus such as the cold or flu, the labyrinth-a delicate structure which contains the cochlea and vestibular system-becomes inflamed and begins to affect your hearing and balance. (internal-medicine-centers.com)
Snail-shell3
  • The cochlea is a small conical structure resembling a snail shell. (vypros.com)
  • The lower part of the labyrinth is coiled like a snail shell, and is called the cochlea. (vypros.com)
  • It looks a bit like a snail shell - in fact, the name cochlea is derived from the Greek word for "snail. (resound.com)
Protect the cochlea2
  • All groups of terrestrial vertebrates, possessing advanced hearing-mammals, Archosauria (birds and crocodiles) and lizards-developed intrinsic cochlear specializations, which may adjust cochlear mechanics and therefore adapt hearing to different acoustic environments, or protect the cochlea from excessive mechanical stimuli. (escholarship.org)
  • The important neurotransmitter dopamine, the absence of which causes Parkinson's disease, helps to protect the cochlea from noise exposure. (hear-it.org)
Term cochlea1
  • Where does the term cochlea TuS come from? (vypros.com)
Plural2
  • The cochlea (plural is cochleae) is a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone, in which waves propagate from the base (near the middle ear and the oval window) to the apex (the top or center of the spiral). (massinitiative.org)
  • Plural cochleae (kŏk′lē-ē′, -lē-ī′) cochleas. (vypros.com)
Anatomy1
  • Nonfunctioning ActRIB did not affect the ABR thresholds and did not alter the microscopic anatomy of the cochlea. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Fovea1
  • Cochlear microphonic potential (CM) was recorded from the CF2 region and the sparsely innervated zone (the mustached bat's cochlea fovea) that is specialized for analyzing the Doppler-shifted echoes of the first-harmonic (∼61 kHz) of the constant-frequency component of the echolocation call. (jneurosci.org)
Mouse cochlea2
  • Researchers in Japan who evaluated the risks and efficacy of transplanting two varieties of stem cells into mouse cochlea have concluded that both adult-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells demonstrate similar survival and neural differentiation capabilities. (health.am)
  • We have characterized the c-Jun stress response in the mouse cochlea challenged with acoustic overstimulation and ototoxins, by studying the dynamics of c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation. (crick.ac.uk)
Artificial cochlea4
  • Reconstructing the audio input from the artificial cochlea spikes is therefore useful for understanding the fidelity of the information preserved in the spikes. (uzh.ch)
  • Could Artificial Cochlea Be the Future of Hearing Loss Treatment? (psychreg.org)
  • As reported in ACS Nano , the researchers are exploring a way to generate an artificial cochlea out of barium titanate nanoparticles coated with silicon dioxide and mixed into a conductive polymer. (psychreg.org)
  • So, could an artificial cochlea eventually replace cochlear implants? (psychreg.org)
Organ6
  • This action is passed onto the cochlea, a fluid-filled snail-like structure that contains the organ of Corti, the organ for hearing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The cochlea is the sense organ that translates sound into nerve impulses to be sent to the brain. (massinitiative.org)
  • The overview model in the foreground also shows the exact location of the organ in the cochlea. (galaxymed.de)
  • However Parkinson's disease also affects the cochlea, which is the sensory organ of hearing. (hear-it.org)
  • Cochlea has three fluid filled ducts, one of these the organ of Corti . (wikibooks.org)
  • Recent research has led to significant progress in elucidating the molecular physiology of the cochlea, the auditory sensory organ, but Nicolas Michalski has chosen to focus instead on the molecular physiology of the auditory pathways in the brain that process the information in sounds so that they can be interpreted. (pasteur.fr)
Labyrinthitis2
  • Kaya S, Paparella MM, Cureoglu S. Pathologic Findings of the Cochlea in Labyrinthitis Ossificans Associated with the Round Window Membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Histopathologic correlation of spiral ganglion cell count and new bone formation in the cochlea following meningogenic labyrinthitis and deafness. (medscape.com)
Nerve1
  • Vibrations in the fluid cause tiny hair cells in the fluid inside the cochlea to vibrate and generate nerve impulses that then travel to the brain. (massinitiative.org)
Bone4
  • Geometric modelling of the temporal bone for cochlea implant simulatio" by Catherine Todd, Fazel Naghdy et al. (edu.au)
  • Is cochlea a bone? (massinitiative.org)
  • While the cochlea is technically a bone it plays a vital role in the function of hearing rather than simply being another component of the skeletal system. (vypros.com)
  • Antibiotics asthma action plan blood glucose meter bone marrow cerumen cochlea congestion conjunctivitis dislocation epiglottis fats gurney histamine hydrocortisone malocclusion nausea nearsighted rheumatologist social worker suture virus yawn. (forthospitals.com)
Cells11
  • It consists of tiny hair cells that line the cochlea. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, there is a risk of tumor growth associated with transplanting iPS cells into mouse cochleae. (health.am)
  • They noted that the number of cells able to be transplanted into cochleae is limited because of the cochleae's tiny size. (health.am)
  • They also noted the formation of a teratoma (encapsulated tumor) in some cochlea after transplantation with one group of iPS cells. (health.am)
  • Hair cells in the cochlea are not able to regenerate themselves. (massinitiative.org)
  • Within the cochlea are vibration-sensitive "hair cells" that sit atop a thin membrane that naturally vibrates at different sound frequencies. (medscape.com)
  • Sound is transformed in the cochlea by 15,000 tiny hair cells. (resound.com)
  • Hirose et al, [8] found a large increase in CD45 (+) cells in the cochlea after noise exposure. (noiseandhealth.org)
  • And the hair cells within the cochlea, which are key structures for healthy hearing, are prime targets for damage. (sunoforlife.com)
  • The fragile hair cells in the cochlea, which play an important role in translating the noise your ears collect into electrical impulses for the brain to interpret as recognizable sound, rely on healthy circulation. (eartronics.com)
  • Liu T, Li G, Noble KV, Li Y, Barth JL, Schulte BA, Lang H. Age-dependent alterations of Kir4.1 expression in neural crest-derived cells of the mouse and human cochlea. (musc.edu)
Spiral-shaped1
  • The cochlea is a hollow, spiral-shaped cavity deep inside your ear. (resound.com)
20011
  • Dallos, 1992 ) that amplify low-level signals and compress high-level signals to provide the remarkable sensitivity and dynamic range of the cochlea ( Robles and Ruggero, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
Mittels1
  • Die Hörrehabilitation mittels Cochlea-Implantat - Eine Möglichkeit der Tinnitus-Reduktion im Alter. (bvsalud.org)
Biologically2
  • Endogenous concentrations of biologically relevant metals in rat brain and cochlea determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent success of a number of compounds in preventing hearing loss suggests other strategies for otoprotection, namely, making the cochlea biologically more resistant to acoustic injury or treating the acutely injured cochlea through pharmacologic intervention. (noiseandhealth.org)
Acoustic1
  • Sound can be transmitted from the car canal to the cochlea via two mechanisms: the tympano-ossicular system (ossicular coupling) and direct acoustic stimulation of the oval and round windows (acoustic coupling). (qxmd.com)
Vibrations1
  • The function of the cochlea is to transform the vibrations of the cochlear liquids and associated structures into a neural signal. (massinitiative.org)
Implantation1
  • The first stage in the development of a clinically valid surgical simulator for training otologic surgeons in performing cochlea implantation is presented. (edu.au)
Cochlear duct1
Tinnitus2
  • These electrical signals produced by the cochlea are transmitted to the brain, and in patients with tinnitus, AEPs generate without external audio stimulus. (globalspec.com)
  • Loud noises and hearing loss - Exposure to loud noises can destroy the non-regenerative cilia (tiny hairs) in the cochlea, causing permanent tinnitus and/or hearing loss. (activears.com)
Apoptosis1
  • We aimed to investigate if the beneficial effects of astragaloside IV on cochlea exposed to impulse noise are associated with the inhibition of ROS and the decrease in apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Brain7
  • The cochlea has a very important function in the hearing process: In the cochlea, It transforms sound waves into electrical impulses which are sent on to the brain. (massinitiative.org)
  • Rats were sacrificed and the cochlea and brain regions were carefully isolated, digested, and analyzed to determine baseline concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn. (cdc.gov)
  • Mn, Fe, and Zn levels were considerably higher in the cochlea than brain. (cdc.gov)
  • It carries sound from the cochlea to your brain. (resound.com)
  • It was on the basis of this observation that Nicolas decided to explore whether in some forms of genetic hearing loss there may be hearing impairments in the brain that are concealed by the defective cochlea. (pasteur.fr)
  • Moving beyond the cochlea, how is auditory information processed by the brain? (pasteur.fr)
  • But they do know that the cochlea is mapped out in certain areas of the brain, and like the retina, this mapping is point-for-point. (mediateletipos.net)
Exposure1
  • OBJECTIVE: Exposure to styrene causes hearing loss and hair cell death in the middle frequency region in the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
Pathways2
  • There are also intracellular pathways that can provide protection from noise-induced cellular damage in the cochlea. (who.int)
  • This review also summarizes new results on the pathways that regulate and react to levels of reactive oxygen species in the cochlea as well as the role of stress pathways for the heat shock proteins and for neurotrophic factors in protection, recovery and repair. (who.int)
Hair1
  • Hearing tests continued at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-noise, and immediately after the last hearing test, animals' cochleae were stained for hair cell counts. (noiseandhealth.org)
Damage3
  • Inadequate dopamine can thus lead to damage to the cochlea and result in hearing loss. (hear-it.org)
  • These findings suggest that SAL in combination with NAC is effective in reducing noise damage to the cochlea, but SAL has a relatively narrow therapeutic dosing window. (noiseandhealth.org)
  • Some hearing loss is caused by damage to the tiny hairs in the cochlea. (alliedhearing.com)
Neural2
  • Ito, J. Fates of murine pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors following transplantation into mouse cochleae. (health.am)
  • The cochlea are now developed, though the myelin sheaths in the neural portion of the auditory system will continue to develop until 18 months after birth. (wikidoc.org)
Sides2
  • the two sides of the cochlea help us to hear different pitches in sound. (rocketlit.com)
  • The other patient was a 5-year-old-boy who had hypoplastic cochlea on both sides. (ogu.edu.tr)
Oval window1
  • Sound enters through auditory canal , vibrates tympanic membrane ,moving three bones of middle ear ( malleus , incus , and stapes )against oval window opening in front of cochlea. (wikibooks.org)
Sound2
  • Fibers near the upper end of the cochlea resonate to lower frequency sound. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The high-quality, sterling silver jewelry is inspired by the shape of the cochlea, the part of the ear that gives us the ability to interpret sound. (audbling.com)
Main2
  • Which is the main function of cochlea? (massinitiative.org)
  • There are four main possible causes of sudden hearing loss (SHL): circulatory anomalies, viral infection of the cochlea, irregularities of the cochlear membrane and autoimmune disorders. (hearingdirect.com)
Human2
  • The purpose of this study is to assess whether custom-designed Nitinol stylets could better fit the human cochlea than those currently used in cochlear implant surgery. (youngscientistjournal.org)
  • This beautiful crystal displays a three-dimensional laser image of the human cochlea. (bluetreepublishing.com)
Patterns1
  • They suggest that the IC should be thought of as a node in a highly interconnected sensory, motor, and cognitive network dedicated to synthesizing a higher-order auditory percept rather than simply reporting patterns of air pressure detected by the cochlea. (nih.gov)
Cochlear Function: Overview, Microenvironment of the Inner Ear, Traveling Wave and Signal Transduction
Cochlear Function: Overview, Microenvironment of the Inner Ear, Traveling Wave and Signal Transduction (emedicine.medscape.com)
Glossary For A Parent's Guide To Hearing Loss | CDC
Glossary For A Parent's Guide To Hearing Loss | CDC (cdc.gov)
Otoacoustic Emissions: Overview, Recording, Interpretation
Otoacoustic Emissions: Overview, Recording, Interpretation (emedicine.medscape.com)
Occupational hearing loss: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Occupational hearing loss: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
Hearing Problems in Children | MedlinePlus
Hearing Problems in Children | MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
Hearing Problems and Deafness | Hearing Loss | MedlinePlus
Hearing Problems and Deafness | Hearing Loss | MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
CT Scan of the Temporal Bone: Overview, Normal Anatomy of the Middle Ear, Normal Anatomy of the Inner Ear
CT Scan of the Temporal Bone: Overview, Normal Anatomy of the Middle Ear, Normal Anatomy of the Inner Ear (medscape.com)
Hearing and the cochlea - Health Video: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Hearing and the cochlea - Health Video: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
Parts of the Ear | Parent's Guide to Hearing Loss | CDC
Parts of the Ear | Parent's Guide to Hearing Loss | CDC (cdc.gov)
Can you get pregnant you had sperm on your vagina but u wash it right aways? - Answers
Can you get pregnant you had sperm on your vagina but u wash it right aways? - Answers (answers.com)
COCHLEA & EUSTACHIA - Chapter 1 - Page 4
COCHLEA & EUSTACHIA - Chapter 1 - Page 4 (chromefetus.thecomicseries.com)
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COCHLEA & EUSTACHIA - Chapter 1 - Page 15 (chromefetus.thecomicseries.com)
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Minimally Invasive Cochlear Implant Surgery: Background, Relevant Anatomy (emedicine.medscape.com)
Sudden Hearing Loss Differential Diagnoses
Sudden Hearing Loss Differential Diagnoses (emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
Teen Newsletter: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss | David J. Sencer CDC Museum | CDC
Teen Newsletter: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss | David J. Sencer CDC Museum | CDC (cdc.gov)
Middle Ear Function: Overview, What is Sound?, External Ear
Middle Ear Function: Overview, What is Sound?, External Ear (emedicine.medscape.com)
Cochlea Archives - Atrius HealthAtrius Health
Cochlea Archives - Atrius HealthAtrius Health (blog.atriushealth.org)
Forschen für bessere Cochlea-Implantate - TUM
Forschen für bessere Cochlea-Implantate - TUM (tum.de)
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Silos 10 mc + Coclea load Second hand plastic machinery (germanplast.eu)
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Sonova Holding AG, CH0012549785 (ad-hoc-news.de)
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Irving Azoff Takes Aim at Facebook, TikTok, & Snapchat's Music Payments (digitalmusicnews.com)
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How Trolley Is Taking Aim at Royalty Payment Complexity (digitalmusicnews.com)
September 2, 2020
September 2, 2020 (digitalmusicnews.com)
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Judge Tosses Genius Stolen-Lyrics Lawsuit Against Google (digitalmusicnews.com)
Warner Music Group Q2 '22 Revenue Jumps 7% As Digital Slips
Warner Music Group Q2 '22 Revenue Jumps 7% As Digital Slips (digitalmusicnews.com)
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Headphones and hearing loss: Possible risks and more (medicalnewstoday.com)
Projekte | L3S
Projekte | L3S (l3s.de)
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Index by author - March 01, 1992, 12 (3) | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
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Projects of the Institute - Institute of Scientific Computing - TU Dresden (tu-dresden.de)
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Hearing loss | Acoustics.org
Hearing loss | Acoustics.org (acoustics.org)
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Begriffe mit C | Medizin-Lexikon | gesundheit.de (gesundheit.de)
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Julia ist Deutschlands erste gehörlose Notfallsanitäterin (malteser.de)
Enologia
Enologia (dellatoffola.it)
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Wie ist das Hören mit CI? - Erfahrungsberichte mit dem Cochlea-Implant | Deutsches Grünes Kreuz für Gesundheit e.V. (dgk.de)
Interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch estimates using CT scans and binaural perception, but not pitch, are consistent in...
Interaural place-of-stimulation mismatch estimates using CT scans and binaural perception, but not pitch, are consistent in... (medrxiv.org)
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Internet Scientific Publications (ispub.com)
Top 10 Species of the Eocene Period - Feri.org
Top 10 Species of the Eocene Period - Feri.org (feri.org)
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Schwerhoerigenforum.de - Aktive Themen (schwerhoerigenforum.de)
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Lowering the Volume: How Headphones Can Cause Hearing Damange (acentech.com)
Isaiah: Ein erfolgreicher junger Autor - Hear the World Foundation
Isaiah: Ein erfolgreicher junger Autor - Hear the World Foundation (hear-the-world.com)
Whyyyyy? · GitHub
Whyyyyy? · GitHub (gist.github.com)
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Large Round Cochlea Ring size 8 - Audbling (audbling.com)
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Alok Indraprakash Jaju - Research Output - Northwestern Scholars (scholars.northwestern.edu)
Frontiers | The Use of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents for the in vivo Treatment of Immune-Related Diseases:...
Frontiers | The Use of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents for the in vivo Treatment of Immune-Related Diseases:... (frontiersin.org)
Find Research Projects - Oregon Health & Science University
Find Research Projects - Oregon Health & Science University (ohsu.pure.elsevier.com)
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Study Reveals Benefits of Cochlear Implants on Speech Skills Following Meningitis | The Hearing Review (hearingreview.com)
MIT Researchers Working to Improve Cochlear Implant Devices for the Deaf | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT Researchers Working to Improve Cochlear Implant Devices for the Deaf | MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (news.mit.edu)
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Hähnchen oder Schlegel - das war die Frage im Seniorenzentrum „Im Welvert" - Die Zieglerschen (zieglersche.de)
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Home (bluetreepublishing.com)
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Hearing Meniere's Disease - Download Image (bluetreepublishing.com)