Cocaine related disorders. Medical search

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.

Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.

The purified, alkaloidal, extra-potent form of cocaine. It is smoked (free-based), injected intravenously, and orally ingested. Use of crack results in alterations in function of the cardiovascular system, the autonomic nervous system, the central nervous system, and the gastrointestinal system. The slang term "crack" was derived from the crackling sound made upon igniting of this form of cocaine for smoking.

Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.

A genetically heterogeneous, multifaceted disorder characterized by short stature, webbed neck, ptosis, skeletal malformations, hypertelorism, hormonal imbalance, CRYPTORCHIDISM, multiple cardiac abnormalities (most commonly including PULMONARY VALVE STENOSIS), and some degree of INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. The phenotype bears similarities to that of TURNER SYNDROME that occurs only in females and has its basis in a 45, X karyotype abnormality. Noonan syndrome occurs in both males and females with a normal karyotype (46,XX and 46,XY). Mutations in a several genes (PTPN11, KRAS, SOS1, NF1 and RAF1) have been associated the the NS phenotype. Mutations in PTPN11 are the most common. LEOPARD SYNDROME, a disorder that has clinical features overlapping those of Noonan Syndrome, is also due to mutations in PTPN11. In addition, there is overlap with the syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to mutations in NF1.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

An autosomal dominant disorder with an acronym of its seven features (LENTIGO; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM abnormalities; ocular HYPERTELORISM; PULMONARY STENOSIS; abnormal genitalia; retardation of growth; and DEAFNESS or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS). This syndrome is caused by mutations of PTPN11 gene encoding the non-receptor PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE, type 11, and is an allelic to NOONAN SYNDROME. Features of LEOPARD syndrome overlap with those of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 which is caused by mutations in the NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 GENES.

Anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, increased arousal, and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. Traumatic stress disorders can be further classified by the time of onset and the duration of these symptoms.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

Movements or behaviors associated with sleep, sleep stages, or partial arousals from sleep that may impair sleep maintenance. Parasomnias are generally divided into four groups: arousal disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, parasomnias of REM sleep, and nonspecific parasomnias. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p191)

Sexual stimulation or gratification of the self.

A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)

Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.

A class of traumatic stress disorders that is characterized by the significant dissociative states seen immediately after overwhelming trauma. By definition it cannot last longer than 1 month, if it persists, a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC) is more appropriate.

Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

A characteristic symptom complex.

An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.

Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.

Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Societies whose membership is limited to nurses.

An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin, a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue.

A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)

A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES that plays a role in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.

A group of inherited ectodermal dysplasias whose most prominent clinical feature is hypertrophic nail dystrophy resulting in PACHYONYCHIA. Several specific subtypes of pachyonychia congenita have been associated with mutations in genes that encode KERATINS.

A syndrome characterized by CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE and GONADAL DYSGENESIS in phenotypic females with karyotype of 46,XY or female individual with a normal 46,XX karyotype. It is caused by donor splice-site mutations of Wilms tumor suppressor gene (GENES, WILMS TUMOR) on chromosome 11.

Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.

Disorders related to substance abuse.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.

A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)

Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)

Study of mental processes and behavior of schizophrenics.

The strengthening of a conditioned response.

April 25th -26th, 1986 nuclear power accident that occurred at Chernobyl in the former USSR (Ukraine) located 80 miles north of Kiev.

The observable, measurable, and often pathological activity of an organism that portrays its inability to overcome a habit resulting in an insatiable craving for a substance or for performing certain acts. The addictive behavior includes the emotional and physical overdependence on the object of habit in increasing amount or frequency.

Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.

A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

A group of hereditary disorders involving tissues and structures derived from the embryonic ectoderm. They are characterized by the presence of abnormalities at birth and involvement of both the epidermis and skin appendages. They are generally nonprogressive and diffuse. Various forms exist, including anhidrotic and hidrotic dysplasias, FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA, and aplasia cutis congenita.

Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.

Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Activities performed to obtain licit or illicit substances.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent.

An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.

A family of homologous proteins of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT that are predominately expressed in the BRAIN and that have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. They were originally isolated from CHOLINERGIC FIBERS of TORPEDO.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)

Intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic, round to elongated inclusions found in vacuoles of injured or fragmented neurons. The presence of Lewy bodies is the histological marker of the degenerative changes in LEWY BODY DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE but they may be seen in other neurological conditions. They are typically found in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but they are also seen in the basal forebrain, hypothalamic nuclei, and neocortex.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

The procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without REINFORCEMENT to an organism previously conditioned. It refers also to the diminution of a conditioned response resulting from this procedure.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of dopaminergic neurons. They remove DOPAMINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS and are the target of DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.

Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.

Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.

A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.

A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

Drugs obtained and often manufactured illegally for the subjective effects they are said to produce. They are often distributed in urban areas, but are also available in suburban and rural areas, and tend to be grossly impure and may cause unexpected toxicity.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

An infant during the first month after birth.

Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.

Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

An aspect of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).

Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.

Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon heroin.

A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.

Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)

Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A region in the MESENCEPHALON which is dorsomedial to the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA and ventral to the RED NUCLEUS. The mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems originate here, including an important projection to the NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS. Overactivity of the cells in this area has been suspected to contribute to the positive symptoms of SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.

Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-HPETE) which is rapidly converted to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoate (15-HETE). The 15-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in NEUTROPHILS and LYMPHOCYTES.

Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A genus of the family CEBIDAE consisting of four species: S. boliviensis, S. orstedii (red-backed squirrel monkey), S. sciureus (common squirrel monkey), and S. ustus. They inhabit tropical rain forests in Central and South America. S. sciureus is used extensively in research studies.

Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

Disorders related or resulting from abuse or mis-use of opioids.

Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A subtype of dopamine D2 receptors that are highly expressed in the LIMBIC SYSTEM of the brain.

Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.

Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.

The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatment planning, etc. The interview may be conducted by a social worker or psychologist.

The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.

A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. The individual must be at least age 18 and must have a history of some symptoms of CONDUCT DISORDER before age 15. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.

The co-existence of a substance abuse disorder with a psychiatric disorder. The diagnostic principle is based on the fact that it has been found often that chemically dependent patients also have psychiatric problems of various degrees of severity.

Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.

A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.

A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.

A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Sudden temporary alterations in the normally integrative functions of consciousness.

Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.

An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.

A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)

N-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes best known for the ones found in PLANTS.

A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.

Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.

Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.

The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli.

A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The largest and most lateral of the BASAL GANGLIA lying between the lateral medullary lamina of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and the EXTERNAL CAPSULE. It is part of the neostriatum and forms part of the LENTIFORM NUCLEUS along with the GLOBUS PALLIDUS.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).

A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.

Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.

A thioxanthene neuroleptic that, unlike CHLORPROMAZINE, is claimed to have CNS-activating properties. It is used in the treatment of psychoses although not in excited or manic patients. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p595)

A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.

The phylogenetically newer part of the CORPUS STRIATUM consisting of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN. It is often called simply the striatum.

An exaggerated feeling of physical and emotional well-being not consonant with apparent stimuli or events; usually of psychologic origin, but also seen in organic brain disease and toxic states.

Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.

A personality disorder in which there are oddities of thought (magical thinking, paranoid ideation, suspiciousness), perception (illusions, depersonalization), speech (digressive, vague, overelaborate), and behavior (inappropriate affect in social interactions, frequently social isolation) that are not severe enough to characterize schizophrenia.

The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity.

Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.

A nicotine antagonist, mecamylamine, reduces cue-induced cocaine craving in cocaine-dependent subjects. (1/1808)

We have previously shown that nicotine enhances cue-induced cocaine craving. In the present study, the effects of a nicotine antagonist, mecamylamine, on cue-induced cocaine craving were investigated. Twenty-three cocaine-dependent patients, all cigarette smokers, were randomly assigned to mecamylamine (2.5 mg tablet) or placebo in a single-dose, placebo-controlled, crossover, double-blind study. Craving and anxiety were measured before and after cocaine cues with visual analog scales for desire to use cocaine and mood. Skin conductance, skin temperature and heart rate were recorded before and during cocaine cues. Following exposure to cocaine cues, all patients reported an increase in cocaine craving and anxiety relative to the precue measures. Cue exposure also produced an increase in skin conductance and decrease in skin temperature. The cue-induced increase in cocaine craving was reduced, while the cue-induced skin conductance and temperature responses were unaffected, by mecamylamine. These findings show that cue-induced cocaine craving is attenuated by mecamylamine. Further study on the use of mecamylamine in relapse prevention programs are suggested. (+info)

Methadone treatment by general practitioners in Amsterdam. (2/1808)

In Amsterdam, a three-tiered program exists to deal with drug use and addiction. General practitioners form the backbone of the system, helping to deal with the majority of addicts, who are not criminals and many of whom desire to be free of addiction. Distinctions are made between drugs with "acceptable" and "unacceptable" risks, and between drug use and drug-related crime; patients who fall into the former categories are treated in a nonconfrontational, nonstigmatizing manner; such a system helps prevent the majority of patients from passing into unacceptable, criminalized categories. The overall program has demonstrated harm reduction both for patients and for the city of Amsterdam. (+info)

Do alcohol and cocaine abuse alter the course of HIV-associated dementia complex? (3/1808)

Although psychoactive drugs are commonly used by AIDS patients, it is unclear whether commonly abused drugs, such as cocaine and ethanol, affect the course of HIV-associated dementia (HADC). Epidemiological studies have resulted in conflicting conclusions as to what role, if any, abused drugs play in HADC. In this review we discuss the clinical and pathological evidence that cocaine and ethanol might exacerbate the detrimental effects of HIV infection on the brain. We also review studies of cocaine and ethanol effects on various components of the immune system both in the presence and absence of retroviral infection. Data from these studies indicate that cocaine and ethanol have profound effects on the immune system that, in many respects, are enhanced by retroviral infection. We conclude that abused drugs likely affect the course of HADC but that proof awaits an examination of their interactive effects in an appropriate in vivo system of retroviral encephalitis. (+info)

Use of illicit drugs among high-school students in Jamaica. (4/1808)

Reported are the results of a survey to assess the prevalence of illicit drug use among high-school students in Jamaica. A total of 2417 high-school students in 26 schools were covered: 1063 boys and 1354 girls of whom 1317 were grade-10 students (mean age 15.7 years) and 1100 were grade-11 students (mean age 16.8 years). Of the students, 1072 and 1345 were from rural and urban schools, respectively, while 1126 and 1291 were children of parents who were professionals and nonprofessionals, respectively. The following drugs were used by the students: marijuana (10.2%), cocaine (2.2%), heroin (1.5%) and opium (1.2%). Illicit drug use among males, urban students and children of professionals was higher than that among females, rural students and children of nonprofessionals, respectively. (+info)

Relative potency of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol and methadone in humans under acute dosing conditions. (5/1808)

levo-alpha-Acetylmethadol (LAAM) and methadone are full mu-opioid agonists used to treat opioid dependence. Current labeling indicates that LAAM is less potent than methadone. Clinical studies have not determined the relative potency of these drugs. This study compared the effects of acute doses of LAAM and methadone and also examined the ability of naloxone to reverse their effects. Five occasional opioid users received once weekly doses of either placebo, LAAM, or methadone (15, 30, or 60 mg/70 kg p.o.) in agonist exposure sessions and then received naloxone (1.0 mg/70 kg i.m.) 24, 72, and 144 h after agonist exposure. Subject-rated, observer-rated, and physiological measures were assessed regularly. Comparisons of physiological and subjective measures collected in agonist exposure sessions indicate that LAAM is not less potent than methadone under acute dosing conditions. For some measures, LAAM was significantly more potent. Three subjects who entered the study were withdrawn for safety reasons due to greater than anticipated and clinically relevant respiratory depression after receiving 60 mg of LAAM. Naloxone did not fully reverse the pupil constriction produced by 60 mg of LAAM. Acute agonist effects suggest that LAAM may be more potent than methadone and more potent than current labeling indicates. An accurate LAAM:methadone relative potency estimate will aid determination of adequate doses for opioid-dependent patients inducted onto LAAM and for methadone maintenance patients who choose to switch to more convenient thrice-weekly LAAM. (+info)

Midfacial complications of prolonged cocaine snorting. (6/1808)

Acute and chronic ingestion of cocaine predisposes the abuser to a wide range of local and systemic complications. This article describes the case of a 38-year-old man whose chronic cocaine snorting resulted in the erosion of the midfacial anatomy and recurrent sinus infections. Previously published case reports specific to this problem are presented, as are the oral, systemic and behavioural effects of cocaine abuse. (+info)

Predicting posttreatment cocaine abstinence for first-time admissions and treatment repeaters. (7/1808)

OBJECTIVES: This study examined client and program characteristics that predict posttreatment cocaine abstinence among cocaine abusers with different treatment histories. METHODS: Cocaine abusers (n = 507) treated in 18 residential programs were interviewed at intake and 1-year follow-up as part of the nationwide Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). Program directors provided the program-level data in a mail survey. We applied the hierarchical linear modeling approach for the analysis. RESULTS: No prior treatment and longer retention in DATOS programs were positive predictors of posttreatment abstinence. The interactive effect of these 2 variables was also significantly positive. Program that offered legal services and included recovering staff increased their clients' likelihood of cocaine abstinence. Crack use at both the client and program level predicted negative impact. None of the program variables assessed differentially affected the outcomes of first-timers and repeaters. CONCLUSIONS: Although treatment repeaters were relatively difficult to treat, their likelihood of achieving abstinence was similar to that of first-timers if they were retained in treatment for a sufficient time. First-timers and repeaters responded similarly to the treatment program characteristics examined. The treatment and policy implications of these findings are discussed. (+info)

Effects of contingent and non-contingent cocaine on drug-seeking behavior measured using a second-order schedule of cocaine reinforcement in rats. (8/1808)

Rats were trained to respond with intravenous cocaine as the reinforcer under a fixed interval 15-min schedule, during which conditioned stimuli paired with cocaine were presented contingent on completion of a fixed ratio of 10 responses (i.e., second-order schedule of reinforcement). The effects of contingent and noncontingent cocaine were investigated. The results show that pretreatment with noncontingent (i.e., experimenter-administered) cocaine led to a satiation-like effect that was reflected in decreased numbers of responses and a tendency for an increased latency to initiate responding when the doses of cocaine administered were similar to or higher than the training/maintenance dose of cocaine. By contrast, noncontingent administration of cocaine doses lower than the training/maintenance dose, and response-contingent cocaine administration, led to increased drug-seeking behavior, as reflected in increased numbers of responses. The present data indicate that at least two factors determine whether administration of cocaine would lead to drug-seeking behavior: whether the cocaine administration is contingent or noncontingent, and the relative magnitude of the cocaine dose administered in relation to the training/maintenance dose of cocaine. (+info)

"Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders", Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM Library, American ... Nicotine dependence Amphetamine dependence Cocaine dependence Substance use disorder American Psychiatric Association. " ... "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders". In American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental ... "Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders". In American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant_use_disorder

The drug was also under development for the treatment of cocaine-related disorders, obesity, and schizophrenia, but development ... Human clinical studies also showed that ecopipam was an effective antagonist of the acute euphoric effects of cocaine. However ... As of 2021, Emalex Biosciences is investigating its potential use for central nervous system disorders. Open-label studies have ... Baik JH (October 11, 2013). "Dopamine signaling in reward-related behaviors". Front Neural Circuits. 7: 152. doi:10.3389/fncir. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecopipam

Cocaine, Epigenetics, Substance-related disorders). ... Cocaine addiction is the compulsive use of cocaine despite ... They applied this knowledge to investigate whether these gene expression changes are involved in cocaine-related behavioral and ... Acute cocaine injections induced c-fos and CREB expression via D1 receptors and repeat cocaine administration, which is ... It was also found that the H3 acetylation induced by cocaine increased Sirt1 in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, repeated cocaine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_cocaine_addiction

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, Volume 38, February 2020, 101496 Corina Roman-Filip, Aurelian Ungureanu, Ileana ... Article at mult-sclerosis.org Lucas M.Pessini, Tumefactive inflammatory leukoencephalopathy in cocaine users: Report of three ... Rare Neuroimmunologic Disorders Symposium [1] Mahad D. J., Ziabreva I., Campbell G., Lax N., White K., Hanson P. S., Lassmann H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balo_concentric_sclerosis

The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related ... alcohol-induced headache Headache induced by food components and additives Monosodium glutamate-induced headache Cocaine- ... jaws or related structures Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder Headache attributed to ... attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis Headache attributed to disorder of cranial bone Headache attributed to disorder of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Headache_Disorders

Alcohol use disorder Date rape drug Dependence (behavioral medicine) Drug addiction Drug-related crime Pimp Prenatal cocaine ... Having another mental health disorder: Other mental health disorders such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder can ... cocaine, crack cocaine and heroin. Furthermore, for sex workers at 16 to 19 years of age who have taken drugs, over 70% of them ... Cocaine and other stimulants have also been reported to increase the confidence of streetwalkers' ability to talk to strangers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_and_prostitution

Tovoli, Francesco (2015). "Clinical and diagnostic aspects of gluten related disorders". World Journal of Clinical Cases. 3 (3 ... cocaine, and some retro-viral drugs Severe potassium deficiency Fibromyalgia Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Auto-immune disorders, ... Viral Compression injury leading to crush syndrome Drug-related Commonly fibrates and statins Occasionally ACE inhibitors, ... myalgia syndrome Barcoo Fever Herpes Hemochromatosis Delayed onset muscle soreness HIV/AIDS Generalized anxiety disorder Tumor- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgia

... amphetamine-related disorders MeSH F03.900.300 - cocaine-related disorders MeSH F03.900.635 - marijuana abuse MeSH F03.900.650 ... alcohol-related disorders MeSH F03.900.100.050 - alcohol amnestic disorder MeSH F03.900.100.050.500 - korsakoff syndrome MeSH ... panic disorder MeSH F03.080.725 - phobic disorders MeSH F03.080.931 - stress disorders, traumatic MeSH F03.080.931.249 - combat ... conduct disorder MeSH F03.550.300 - child behavior disorders MeSH F03.550.325 - child development disorders, pervasive MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(F03)

... may often accompany a substance use disorder (SUD); if persistent substance-related problems exist, SUD ... cocaine F15. caffeine F16. hallucinogens F17. tobacco F18. volatile solvent F19. multiple drug use and use of other ... The ICD-10 Mental and Behavioural Disorders due to psychoactive substance use shows: F10. alcohol F11. opioids F12. ... Clinical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 146-. ISBN 978-0-470-74520-5. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_intoxication

ISBN 978-0-19-530171-7. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alvin Ailey. Wikiquote has quotations related to Alvin Ailey. ... Following the death of his friend Joyce Trisler, a failed relationship, and bouts of heavy drinking and cocaine use, Ailey ... He was diagnosed as manic depressive, known today as bipolar disorder. During his rehabilitation, Judith Jamison served as co- ... Ailey died from an AIDS-related illness on December 1, 1989, at the age of 58. He asked his doctor to announce that his death ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Ailey

Cocaine, [amphetamine], and methamphetamine are the major psychostimulants of abuse. The related drug methylphenidate is also ... Libido disorders, disorientation, and visual hallucinations are very rarely reported. Priapism is a very rare adverse event ... It should be used with extreme caution in people with bipolar disorder due to the potential induction of mania or hypomania. ... Such agents also have important therapeutic uses; cocaine, for example, is used as a local anesthetic (Chapter 2), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexmethylphenidate

Cocaine, [amphetamine], and methamphetamine are the major psychostimulants of abuse. The related drug methylphenidate is also ... Libido disorders, disorientation, and visual hallucinations are very rarely reported. Priapism is a very rare adverse event ... Despite the claim made by some urban legends, it is not a cocaine derivative nor analog; cocaine is a local anesthetic and ... It should be used with extreme caution in people with bipolar disorder due to the potential induction of mania or hypomania. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphenidate

... including alcohol use disorder, cocaine use disorder, and opioid use disorder. Suvorexant has been studied in people with type ... It is structurally related to other orexin receptor antagonists like lemborexant, daridorexant, and seltorexant. The orexin ... Schipper SB, Van Veen MM, Elders PJ, van Straten A, Van Der Werf YD, Knutson KL, Rutters F (November 2021). "Sleep disorders in ... In addition, orexin signaling appears to change with age, and this may be involved in age-related sleep disturbances. Orexin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvorexant

... is classified as a delusional disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( ... It may be related to excess dopamine in the brain's striatum, resulting from diminished dopamine transporter (DAT) function, ... Several drugs, legal or illegal, such as amphetamines, dopamine agonists, opioids, and cocaine may also cause the skin ... anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and affective or substance-induced psychoses or other conditions such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusional_parasitosis

Cocaine-related deaths in Minnesota, Drug-related deaths in Minnesota, Grunge musicians, Musicians from San Diego, Musicians ... Weiland revealed in 2001 he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. In a 2005 interview with Esquire, Weiland said that while ... "Police: Cocaine Found On Scott Weiland's Tour Bus, Arrest Made". CBS Minnesota. December 4, 2015. Archived from the original on ... In 1995, Weiland was convicted of buying crack cocaine. He was sentenced to one year of probation. His drug use did not end ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Weiland

According to DSM-V criteria, 9% of those who are exposed to cannabis develop cannabis use disorder, compared to 20% for cocaine ... A related alternative to the gateway hypothesis is the common liability to addiction (CLA) theory. It states that some ... Kedzior KK, Laeber LT (May 2014). "A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders ... "Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)

... but might be considered to be a controlled substance analogue of cocaine on the grounds of its related chemical structure, in ... It showed promising effects in alleviating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in an animal model of the disorder. It is not ... the opposite way round compared to natural cocaine. It is structurally related to benztropine and has similar anticholinergic ... "The discovery of an unusually selective and novel cocaine analog: difluoropine. Synthesis and inhibition of binding at cocaine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difluoropine

Narcotics Anonymous Cocaine Anonymous Methadone Suboxone List of twelve-step groups Recovery model Self-help groups for mental ... "The impact of alcoholics anonymous on other substance abuse-related twelve-step programs". Recent Dev Alcohol. Recent ... health Substance use disorder "Local Drug and Alcohol Counseling Resources - Ashwood Recovery". "Heroin Anonymous - Heroin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin_Anonymous

Code and its State documents and sponsored legislation providing health care coverage for autism and its related disorders. ... He sponsored legislation to treat heroin, cocaine, and crack cocaine the same when it comes to punishing drug traffickers. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Dever

Cocaine-related deaths in California, Drug-related deaths in California, Accidental deaths in California, People from East St. ... Rasool said she talked to Turner about his bipolar disorder and witnessed its effects. "I would come in the room and see him ... He was convicted of cocaine intoxication and driving under the influence of cocaine in January 1990. The next month he was ... He took the cocaine home and tried it one night while writing songs at the piano. Turner said he liked the reduced need for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ike_Turner

... as addictive as heroin and cocaine. Addiction is believed to be a disorder of experience-dependent brain plasticity. The ... E-cigarette related videos Robbing the Future - Advertising Aimed at Children. E-cigarettes - An Emerging Public Health ... The nicotine in e-cigarettes can also prime the adolescent brain for addiction to other drugs such as cocaine. Exposure to ... Other risks include mood disorders and permanent problems with impulse control-failure to fight an urge or impulse that may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_nicotine_on_human_brain_development

... as addictive as heroin and cocaine. Addiction is believed to be a disorder of experience-dependent brain plasticity. The ... In 2019-2020, there was an outbreak of vaping-related lung illness in the US and Canada, primarily related to vaping THC with ... Substance-related disorders, Non-tobacco nicotine products, 2003 introductions, 21st-century inventions, Articles containing ... There is no research available on vaping for reducing harm in high-risk groups such as people with mental disorders. A 2014 PHE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_cigarette

... underlying disorder coexist with the jealousy The course of morbid jealousy closely relates to that of the underlying disorder ... cocaine, amphetamines, marijuana.), organic brain disorders (i.e. Parkinson's, Huntington's), schizophrenia, neurosis, ... Unlike other delusional disorders, people who suffer from this disorder have a strong association with stalking, cyberstalking ... It can be found in the context of schizophrenia and delusional disorder, such as bipolar disorder, but is also associated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathological_jealousy

Activity-Dependent Epigenetic Remodeling in Cocaine Use Disorder. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2019;10.1007/164_2019_257. doi:10.1007/ ... Calipari found that when hormones related to fertility are high, women make stronger associations to clues in their environment ... Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Alters the Pharmacodynamic Properties of Cocaine in Female Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2019; ... "Cues play a critical role in estrous cycle-dependent enhancement of cocaine reinforcement". Neuropsychopharmacology. 44 (7): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin_Calipari

Related Disorder NOS 292.0 Withdrawal 294.9 Cognitive Disorder NOS 307.9 Communication Disorder NOS Conduct Disorder 312.81 ... or Adolescent Antisocial Behavior 307.22 Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder 307.45 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder Cocaine ... Related Disorder NOS 301.50 Histrionic Personality Disorder 307.44 Hypersomnia related to...[Indicate the Axis I or Axis II ... Related Disorder NOS 307.42 Insomnia Related to...[Indicate the Axis I or Axis II Disorder] 312.34 Intermittent Explosive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-IV_codes_(alphabetical)

"What Are Anxiety Disorders?". www.psychiatry.org. Retrieved 2020-04-30. "Social Anxiety Disorder , Anxiety and Depression ... In regard to substance abuse, cocaine-dependent individuals report greater cravings for cocaine following exposure to a social ... and occupational prestige were all related to lower mortality in men. In women, however, only household income was related to ... This can lead to the development of an anxiety disorder (panic attacks, social anxiety, OCD, etc.). Social anxiety disorder is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stress

This alteration is suggested to be related to the pathology, since antipsychotics do not regulate the expression of DARPP-32. A ... as well as being involved in the action of drugs including cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, LSD, caffeine, PCP, ethanol and ... DARPP-32 levels are decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lymphocytes of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder ... "The leukocytes expressing DARPP-32 are reduced in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder". Progress in Neuro- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPP1R1B

Furthermore, nightmares related to PTSD would be more stressful than idiopathic ones. However, further studies have to be ... Amphetamines, antidepressants, and stimulants like cocaine and caffeine can cause nightmares. Blood pressure medication, ... Dissociative disorders are usually paired with Nightmare Disorder 57% of the time. Nightmare disorder is believed to be ... Nightmare disorder, also known as dream anxiety disorder, is a sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare_disorder

Cluttering is a speech disorder that is related to pressure of speech in that the speech of a clutterer sounds improperly ... Psychostimulants such as cocaine or amphetamines may cause speech resembling pressured speech in individuals with pre-existing ... Bipolar disorder, Communication disorders, Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice). ... In many psychotic disorders, use of certain drugs amplifies certain expressions of symptoms, and stimulant-induced pressured ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_of_speech

Related disorder NOS Cocaine 305.60 Abuse 304.20 Dependence 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder 292.84 -Induced mood disorder ... Related disorder NOS Inhalant 305.90 Abuse 304.60 Dependence 292.89 -Induced anxiety disorder 292.84 -Induced mood disorder ... Related disorder NOS Nicotine 305.1 Dependence 292.9 -Related disorder NOS 292.0 Withdrawal Opioid 305.50 Abuse 304.00 ... disorder 307.46 Sleep terror disorder 307.46 Sleepwalking disorder 307.47 Parasomnia NOS Sleep disorder Sleep disorder due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSM-IV_codes

Potential causes of brain hypoxia are suffocation, carbon monoxide poisoning, severe anemia, and use of drugs such as cocaine ... Baldwin, Robert C. (2005). "Is vascular depression a distinct sub-type of depressive disorder? A review of causal evidence". ... A closely related disease to brain ischemia is brain hypoxia. Brain hypoxia is the condition in which there is a decrease in ... "Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institutes of Health. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia

... -related posttraumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder that can develop in women who have recently given ... Some physicians, many of whom had been using painkillers for the past fifty years, including opium, cocaine, and quinine, ... Around one per cent of women with eclampsia die.[medical citation needed] A puerperal disorder or postpartum disorder is a ... Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy in which there is high blood pressure and either large amounts of protein in the urine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

The drug has no taste or smell and causes mental disorders, which are accompanied by impaired coordination, a weakening ... Ukraine portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Volodymyr Klychko. Official website Boxing record for Wladimir Klitschko ... citing problems with depression after testing positive for cocaine. The rematch with Klitschko was cancelled as a result. Days ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Klitschko

Downey was arrested numerous times on charges related to drugs including cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. He went through drug ... and that previous attempts to diagnose him with any kind of psychiatric or mood disorder have always been skewed because "the ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert Downey, Jr.. Wikiquote has quotations related to Robert Downey Jr.. Robert Downey ... Downey was under the influence of a controlled substance and in possession of cocaine and Valium. Despite the fact that, if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr.

Hayashi T, Su TP (2004). "Sigma-1 receptor ligands: potential in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders". CNS Drugs. 18 (5 ... the effects of cocaine abuse, and cancer. Much is known about the binding affinity of hundreds of synthetic compounds to the σ1 ... There has been much interest in the sigma-1 receptor and its role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's ... as well as various structurally and pharmacologically distinct psychoactive chemicals such as haloperidol and cocaine, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-1_receptor

Through her mother, Brown was related to many singers and entertainers: her maternal grandmother was singer Cissy Houston of ... Blankstein, Andrew; Sewell, Abby (April 5, 2012). "Whitney Houston: Cocaine In System Not a Fatal Dose ..." Los Angeles Times. ... People with disorders of consciousness, Whitney Houston). ... Drug-related deaths in Georgia (U.S. state), Deaths from ... According to the statement, "marijuana, alcohol (ethanol), benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite), benzodiazepines (medications ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi_Kristina_Brown

... such as anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, complaining disorders and bonding disorders (emotional ... A minority have a series of periodic relapses related to the menstrual cycle. Complete recovery, with a resumption of normal ... it was first described in cocaine and amphetamine addicts, but can also complicate ergot and bromocriptine prescribed to ... The prevalence and burden of bipolar disorder: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Bipolar Disorders 18: 440 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_psychosis

Bolla, K. I.; Brown, K.; Eldreth, D.; Tate, K.; Cadet, J. L. (2002-11-12). "Dose-related neurocognitive effects of marijuana ... Forum, Addiction Policy (2020-09-18). "Ask the Expert: How do you treat methamphetamine use disorder". APF. Retrieved 2020-09- ... "Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in abstinent cocaine abusers performing a decision-making task". NeuroImage. 19 (3): 1085-1094 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Lud_Cadet

... post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), "nervous breakdown" (psychotic episode), cocaine addiction, and the psychological ... Bogen related that some researchers regard that following the surgery of "splitting of the brain," a "single mind is cut into ... the author relates a case from the 1970s where a university student he was counseling for anxiety and depression seemed to ... The author then relates that when he had started to undergo psychoanalysis by Elvin Semrad as part of his psychiatric training ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_Two_Minds_(book)

Wikiquote has quotations related to Theodore Dalrymple. Manhattan Institute Scholar - Theodore Dalrymple Anthony Daniels ... Coups and Cocaine: Two Journeys in South America (1986) Fool or Physician: The Memoirs of a Sceptical Doctor (1987) Zanzibar to ... Disorder and Incivility in British Hospitals: The Case For Zero Tolerance (book published by the Social Affairs Unit, 2002) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Dalrymple

Media related to Unsolved deaths at Wikimedia Commons Portals: Law Lists (Harv and Sfn no-target errors, Webarchive template ... She had died of cocaine intoxication - ruled to be neither an accident nor a homicide - one day before the discovery of her ... Parekh, Rauf (2015-04-27). "Creativity and mental disorder: Urdu poets and writers who committed suicide". Dawn.com. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_deaths

Wikiquote has quotations related to Brain. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brain. Wikisource has the text of the 1911 ... Research has shown that the neurotransmitter dopamine plays a central role: addictive drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, and ... Brain-computer interface Central nervous system disease List of neuroscience databases Neurological disorder Optogenetics ... The cerebellum modulates the outputs of other brain systems, whether motor-related or thought related, to make them certain and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

This complication is related to the impact that alpha and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists have on blood vessels combined with the ... Amphetamines, nicotine, and cocaine can result in marked plasma norepinephrine levels. Lifestyle and Diet: As with most lab ... The National Organization for Rare Disorders is a United States-based advocacy parent organization with the goal of promoting ... Following resection, tumor-related hyperglycemia is likely to resolve. Hypoglycemia: After the tumor is removed, insulin is no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromocytoma

The cocaine experience: Refuting the concept of a model psychosis? Psychopathol 1992; 25: 71-78. K. Abe, N. Oda, R. Araki, et ... Macropsia is related to other conditions dealing with visual perception, such as aniseikonia and Alice in Wonderland Syndrome ( ... Children who experience nocturnal hallucinations accompanied by macropsia may seek medical care for panic attack disorders and ... Vitreomacular traction caused by the excessive adhesion of vitreous fluid to the retina is related to aniseikonia due to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macropsia

It can be a side effect of crying, exposure to cold temperatures, cocaine abuse, or drug withdrawal, such as from methadone or ... Rhinorrhea can also be the side effect of several genetic disorders, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia. In most cases, ... chronic congestion or sneezing not related to allergies), occupational asthma, pregnancy, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), ... ISBN 978-81-312-3501-0. Myon L, Delforge A, Raoul G, Ferri J (February 2010). "[Palatal necrosis due to cocaine abuse]". Rev ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinorrhea

24 June 1989, Oria (Brindisi): Roberto Di Giovanni, 26 years old, suffering from a mental disorder that worsened after his ... Impounded 100 KGS of pure cocaine. 18 July 2009, fraction Bosco di Nanto, Vicenza: blitz to capture Battista Zanellato, 84 ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gruppo Intervento Speciale. Gruppo di Intervento Speciale (Italy) (CS1 Italian-language ... to qualify for the missions related to the direction from the ground of the airstrikes and the designation to the pilots of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppo_di_intervento_speciale

The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bribing ... It has been argued that the design of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the expansion of the ... A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially ... There have been related accusations of disease mongering (over-medicalising) to expand the market for medications. An inaugural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

The SNPs rs3785143 and rs11568324 have been related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Thus far, however, the only ... Cocaine is a powerful psychostimulant and known to be one of the most widely used substances recreationally. Cocaine is a ... There is evidence suggesting a relationship between NET SNPs and various disorders such as ADHD psychiatric disorders, postural ... may be less sensitive compared to normally functioning alpha-2 receptors and thus relate to elevated NE levels in the disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter

... is sold as a dietary supplement for purported mood and weight loss-related therapeutic benefits; however, in ... Reviews that cover attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and phenethylamine indicate that several studies have found ... of amphetamine or cocaine self-administration (Risner and Jones, 1977; Shannon and Thompson, 1984). In another study, high ... Scassellati C, Bonvicini C, Faraone SV, Gennarelli M (October 2012). "Biomarkers and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenethylamine

ISBN 978-0-09-189753-6. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robbie Williams. Wikiquote has quotations related to Robbie ... People with mood disorders, Port Vale F.C., Robbie Williams Band members, Take That members, World Music Awards winners, ... use of alcohol and cocaine brought him into conflict with Martin-Smith over the behaviour rules for Take That members. In ... Williams has a number of tattoos, many of which are related to British culture. These include: an Ace of Spades, commemorating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie_Williams

Movie related to the "stolen babies" case. Night of the Pencils (1986), directed by Héctor Olivera. A Wall of Silence (1993), ... social and political disorder. The months preceding his return were marked by important social movements as in the rest of ... Stefano Delle Chiaie and major drug lords mount the bloody Cocaine Coup of Luis García Meza Tejada in neighboring Bolivia. They ... Movie related to the Mansión Sere case. The Disappeared (2007), directed by Peter Sanders. Our Disappeared (2008), directed by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirty_War

A number of other disorders, such as bipolar disorder and some sleep disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), are ... ISBN 978-0-674-13581-9. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm at Curlie (Wikipedia articles ... genetic manipulations of clock genes profoundly affect cocaine's actions. In 2017, Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael W. Young, and ... such as Advanced sleep phase disorder Delayed sleep phase disorder Non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder Chronobiology CLOCK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm

This led to abuse of drugs such as cocaine, which quickly escalated into addiction. The catalysts for change eventually came in ... In 2019, Leigh revealed that she had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder a decade earlier. In mid-2020, Leigh published a ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chyler Leigh. Chyler Leigh at IMDb (CS1 French-language sources (fr), All articles with ... People with bipolar disorder, 21st-century LGBT people, Year of birth missing (living people)). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyler_Leigh

For example, an abnormal increase of CCL7 worsens many disorders, like HIV or lesional psoriasis. Furthermore, CCL7 is ... June 2016). "Effect of Cocaine on HIV Infection and Inflammasome Gene Expression Profile in HIV Infected Macrophages". ... CCL7 is a small protein that belongs to the CC chemokine family and is most closely related to CCL2 (previously called MCP1). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL7

Cocaine addiction is a psychological desire to use cocaine regularly. Cocaine overdose may result in cardiovascular and brain ... Marijuana and related cannabis products are used by some clubgoers; for example, some Rohypnol and ketamine users mix the ... Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (ed.). ... The duration of cocaine's effects depends on the amount taken and the route of administration. Cocaine can be in the form of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_drug

... even when administered after cocaine exposure. Recently, he detailed the treatment of cocaine addiction with viruses. Janda and ... implicating nornicotine in the pathology of both age-related macular degeneration as well as smoking-related developmental ... protein glycation and thus provides an unrecognized pathway for the development of the pathology of tobacco use disorder; ... Carrera, M. R. A.; Kaufmann, G. F.; Mee, J. M.; Meijler, M. M.; Koob, G. F.; Janda, K. D. (June 28, 2004). "Treating cocaine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Janda

Nicotine and cocaine activate similar patterns of neurons, which supports the existence of common substrates among these drugs ... One person dies every six seconds from a tobacco related disease. Tobacco use leads most commonly to diseases affecting the ... In 2015, a meta-analysis found that smokers were at greater risk of developing psychotic disorder. Tobacco has also been ... One study published by the NIH found that tobacco use may be linked to cocaine addiction and marijuana use. The study stated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking

There is a link between chronic tic disorders, which include Tourette syndrome and other disorders like ADHD and OCD. According ... Ness RB, Grisso JA, Hirschinger N, Markovic N, Shaw LM, Day NL, Kline J (February 1999). "Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk ... Mahid SS, Minor KS, Stromberg AJ, Galandiuk S (April 2007). "Active and passive smoking in childhood is related to the ... for the child to have a chronic tic disorder. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with psychiatric disorders ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoking_and_pregnancy

Pamela relates Jared's troubled childhood, and explains that she had only wanted to help him. Pamela appears again on June 3, ... Eventually, Jamie's criminal behaviour (including running a crack cocaine factory with drug lord Dante Medina, killing a fellow ... Harry soon engages in romance with Niki Smith, a personality symptom of Victoria's multiple personality disorder. The ... cocaine dealer, and kidnapping Cassie Callison) caught up with him and he was sent to Statesville Prison for a life sentence. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_One_Life_to_Live_characters_(1980s)

... opioid use disorders at 122,100 deaths, amphetamine use disorders at 12,200 deaths, and cocaine use disorders at 11,100. Public ... It is a form of substance-related disorder. Differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, medical and criminal ... The terms "dual diagnosis" or "co-occurring disorders," refer to having a mental health and substance use disorder at the same ... For example, the US, devoid of such measures, has seen large increases in drug-related deaths since 2000 (mostly related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse

The earliest reported use of cocaine dates back to times when the ancient inhabitants of Peru used the leaves for religious ... Cocaine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found within the leaves of a shrub, Erythroxylon coca. ... encoded search term (Cocaine-Related Psychiatric Disorders) and Cocaine-Related Psychiatric Disorders What to Read Next on ... Cocaine-Related Psychiatric Disorders Treatment & Management. Updated: Nov 18, 2021 * Author: Christopher P Holstege, MD; Chief ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290195-treatment

Systematic review of pharmacological treatment of cocaine dependence World Health Organization. Management of Substance ... "Cocaine-Related Disorders". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. * 0-9 ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Cocaine-Related+Disorders&type=mesh

Substance Related Disorders/. * Drug User/. * ((cocaine or heroin or crack or meth or opioid or inject$ methamphetamine or drug ... substance abusers OR drug users) AND (mental disorders prevention) The MEDLINE_OVID search for the literature on integration ... and mental disorder), drug use, integration (index term delivery of health care, integrated) ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6105a2.htm

79] This association may be related to metabolic stress associated with mild hypoxia in individuals with mood disorders. ... 11] including for people with any depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), ... Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and phobic disorders have symptoms that make suicide a possibility. Persons struggling with ... Medication use is based on the patients underlying mental disorder. Each mental disorder requires specific medications and ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2013085-157667/what-is-the-role-of-schizophrenia-in-the-development-of-suicidal-behaviors

... also called crack cocaine, is a highly addictive stimulant. It can be snorted, injected, or smoked. Learn about health effects ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Cocaine Smoking (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Cocaine-Related Disorders (National ... Substance use -- cocaine (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Tips for Teens: The Truth about Cocaine (Substance Abuse and ... Cocaine is a white powder. It can be snorted up the nose or mixed with water and injected with a needle. Cocaine can also be ...

https://medlineplus.gov/cocaine.html

Cocaine-Related Disorders [‎3]‎. Coinfection [‎4]‎. Comité régional de lEurope, 36e session [‎1]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/325983/browse?rpp=20&offset=55&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=B&order=ASC

Categories: Cocaine-Related Disorders Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Cocaine-Related+Disorders&parentid=36108&catid=36114

Cocaine* / administration & dosage * Cocaine-Related Disorders / physiopathology* * Extinction, Psychological* * Heroin ... Cocaine-seeking behaviour was reinstated by cocaine and amphetamine, but not by heroin. Interestingly, locomotor sensitization ... Heroin-seeking behaviour was reinstated by heroin (0.25 mg/kg), amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) and cocaine (10 mg/kg). In addition, ... Rats were allowed to self-administer heroin (50 microg/kg per inj., 14 daily sessions), cocaine (500 microg/kg per inj., 10 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9824469/?dopt=Abstract

Cocaine-Related Disorders. Psilocybin. Substance-Related Disorders. Chemically-Induced Disorders. Mental Disorders. ... Desire to cease cocaine use as indicated by a goal of complete cocaine abstinence on the Thoughts about Abstinence ... History of bipolar I or II disorder. *First or second-degree relatives with any psychotic disorders, or bipolar I or II ... Psilocybin-facilitated Treatment for Cocaine Use. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02037126?term=psilocybin&cond=cocaine&draw=2&rank=1

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2013085-overview

Cocaine-Related Disorders *cocaine-related disorders. Loading. Connect with NLM * * * National Library of Medicine. 8600 ... Search Related Registry and CAS Registry/EC Number/UNII Code/NCBI Taxonomy ID Number (RN) ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search?searchInField=termDescriptor&sort=&size=20&searchType=exactMatch&searchMethod=FullWord&q=Cocaine-Related%20Disorders

Cocaine-Related Disorders. 2. [disabled in preview]. 0. This preview shows a limited data set. Subscribe for full access, or ... reducing stimulated craving for cocaine in cocaine dependent individuals denied access to cocaine in inpatient unit. ... reducing stimulated craving for cocaine in cocaine dependent individuals denied access to cocaine in inpatient unit. ... Glutaminergic Agents for Cocaine Abuse - 5. Completed. Yale University. Phase 1. 1994-09-01. The purpose of this study is to ...

https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/clinical-trials/profile/drugname/Nimodipine

D23.946.833.850.325.220.244 Cocaine-Related Disorders C25.300 C25.775.300 Cocarcinogenesis C4.697.160 C4.697.98.875 C23.550. ... C25.775.100.87 Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System C25.100.87.193 C25.775.100.87.193 Alcohol-Related Disorders C25.775. ... C25.775.835 Substance-Related Disorders C25.775 Sweating G7.700.100.693 G7.700.345.421.693 G16.100.57.500.535.693 Swiss 3T3 ... D1.625.62.374 Amphetamine-Related Disorders C25.225 C25.775.225 Analgesics, Opioid D27.505.696.663.850.14.520 D27.505.696.277. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2014.txt

These may also be symptoms of a condition called antisocial behavioral disorder. ... Cocaine can cause antisocial behaviors like violence, stealing, lying and criminal activity. ... Cocaine use and antisocial behavioral disorder frequently occur together. Learn how these two conditions relate and how they ... Personality Disorders Co-Occurring Disorders Personality Disorders Statistics Cocaine Statistics Cocaine Addiction Cocaine & ...

https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/cocaine-addiction/antisocial-personality-disorder/

Cocaine Medicine & Life Sciences 53% * Cocaine-Related Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences 11% ... Dopamine type 2 and type 3 receptors (D2R/D3R) appear critical to addictive disorders. Cocaine-use disorder (CUD) is associated ... N2 - Dopamine type 2 and type 3 receptors (D2R/D3R) appear critical to addictive disorders. Cocaine-use disorder (CUD) is ... AB - Dopamine type 2 and type 3 receptors (D2R/D3R) appear critical to addictive disorders. Cocaine-use disorder (CUD) is ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/regional-and-source-based-patterns-of-sup11supc-phno-binding-pote

Observational studies suggest that CBD may reduce problems related with crack-cocaine addiction, such as withdrawal symptoms, ... motivation to self-administer cocaine and METH, context- and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine and priming-induced ... are necessary to fully evaluate the potential of CBD as an intervention for cocaine and methamphetamine addictive disorders. ... Several studies have proposed that cannabidiol (CBD) could be a promising treatment for substance use disorders. In the present ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/14/2583

Complete and unabridged definition of Narcissistic Personalty Disorder available on the Internet ... especially related to cocaine). Histrionic, borderline, antisocial, and paranoid personality disorders may be associated with ... Those who relate to individuals with narcissistic personality disorder typically find an emotional coldness and lack of ... Gender-Related Diagnostic Issues. Of those diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder, 50%-75% are male. ...

https://bpdfamily.com/content/narcissistic-personality-disorder

Cannabis and cocaine related mental disorders. Alexithymia in mental disorders. 39. Types and symptomatology of schizophrenia ... Anxiety disorders (amiety, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder) /2 x 2 hrs/. Conditions which mimic physical ... somatoform pain disorder) /2 x 2 hrs/. Psychosomatic disorders /2 x 2 hrs/. Psychosexual disorders/dysfunction and paraphilia / ... Alcohol related amnestic disorder (Korsakow syndrome). Types, diagnosis and treatment of suicidal behaviour. 30. Types of ...

https://aok.pte.hu/en/egyseg/410/tantargy/42023

Keywords : primary prevention; cognitive therapy; cocaine related disorders. · abstract in Portuguese · text in Portuguese · ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1808-56872011000100003&lng=en&nrm=iso

Cocaine-Related Disorders 1 0 Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders 1 0 ... Panic Disorder 1 0 Note: The number of publications displayed in this table will differ from the number displayed in the HuGE ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=HD&geneID=3064&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

Palavras-chave : Crack-cocaine; cocaine-related disorders; population characteristics. · resumo em Português , Espanhol · texto ... problems related to family and social ties, high presence of psychological and psychiatric symptoms, beginning of crack ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1413-389X2017000200014&lng=pt&nrm=i&tlng=en

Cocaine-Related Disorders Entry term(s). Cocaine Related Disorders Cocaine-Related Disorder Disorder, Cocaine-Related Disorders ... Cocaine-Related Disorder. Dependence, Cocaine. Dependences, Cocaine. Disorder, Cocaine-Related. Disorders, Cocaine-Related. ... Abuse, Cocaine. Addiction, Cocaine. Cocaine Abuse. Cocaine Addiction. Cocaine Dependence. Cocaine Related Disorders. ... Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.. Allowable Qualifiers:. BL blood. CF cerebrospinal fluid. CL classification ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=33538

... heroin-related disorder, alcohol-related disorder, cocaine-related disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood ... major depressive disorder (MDD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As if the other mental illnesses are not serious? ... Not danger to others but mostly stories with text related to violent crime (25%). Thirteen percent of the stories were related ... The percentage of students who self-reported family experience of a mental disorder ranged from 12% in India to 34% in Finland. ...

https://www.shockmd.com/tag/mental-illness/

https://www.staging.medscape.com/answers/2013085-157734/what-is-the-initial-phase-of-intervention-for-patients-with-suicidal-behaviors

1 Cocaine-Related Disorders. *1 Delusional Parasitosis --drug the.... *1 Delusional Parasitosis --psychology ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/149624/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&filter_field_1=dateIssued&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=2009&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Kaur%2C+Rajdeep&filtertype=equals

Cocaine-Related Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences 90% * Impulsive Behavior Medicine & Life Sciences 79% ... and cocaine cue reactivity (responsivity to cocaine-associated stimuli) cited as two key phenotypes that contribute to relapse ... and cocaine cue reactivity (responsivity to cocaine-associated stimuli) cited as two key phenotypes that contribute to relapse ... and cocaine cue reactivity (responsivity to cocaine-associated stimuli) cited as two key phenotypes that contribute to relapse ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/serotonin-at-the-nexus-of-impulsivity-and-cue-reactivity-in-cocai

Cocaine-induced organic mental disorder Active Synonym false false 78287018 Cocaine-related disorder Active Synonym false false ... Cocaine induced mental disorder Active Synonym false false 4670024012 Organic mental disorder caused by cocaine Active Synonym ... Organic mental disorder caused by cocaine (disorder). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Organic mental disorder caused by ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=46975003

exp cocaine OR exp cocaine-related disorders OR exp crack cocaine OR cocaine.mp] AND [exp Myocardial Infarction OR myocardial ... He has had pain for 50 minutes after nasal cocaine. He is an occasional cocaine user who has not had chest pain previously. He ... Acute non-Q wave cocaine-related myocardial infarction. Chest1989;96:617-21. ... They also enrol patients who have taken cocaine hours before symptomatology, this contradicts the known pharmacology of cocaine ...

https://emj.bmj.com/content/20/2/174

Substance-related disorders -- congressesNLM classification: WM 280 Tags from this library: No tags from this library for this ... 44Publication details: Rome : UNICRI, 1991. Description: 419 pISBN: 9290780185Subject(s): Cocaine -- congresses , ... Cocaine today : its effects on the individual and society , proceedings of the international seminar organized by the United ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=34238

Most medical problems related to illicit drugs concerned cocaine and cannabis and mainly included sympathomimetic toxicity and/or psychiatric disorders confirming data from the prior year. (erowid.org)
Across studies, patients with addictive behaviors - the GD group and the SUD group, which included those addicted to nicotine, cocaine, alcohol, or cannabis ― and healthy control persons did not differ with respect to age and sex. (medscape.com)
reSET® is a 12-week duration, FDA-cleared prescription digital therapeutic to be used in conjunction with standard outpatient treatment for substance use disorder related to stimulants, cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. (hitconsultant.net)
This educational activity reviews other substance use disorders that often co-occur with opioid use disorder (OUD), including benzodiazepines and other tranquilizers, cocaine and stimulants, and cannabis. (sudtraining.org)
current research on pharmacologic management of problems related to cannabis consumption is also considered. (frontiersin.org)
In 2018, about one in every ten arrests made in South Dakota were related to cannabis, according to data by South Dakotans for Better Marijuana Laws. (veriheal.com)
Many scientific reports have concluded that cannabis is much less harmful than heroin and cocaine, and some suggest even alcohol. (asayake.jp)
Moreover, it is expected that cannabis can be applied as a reliever to syndromes of mobility impairment, physical drug dependence, neuronal disorder and psychiatric disease. (asayake.jp)
The law enforcement cost to crack down on cannabis-related crimes is not worth the physical harm of cannabis itself. (asayake.jp)
And the whole time I did this, I smoked cannabis nightly to alleviate Service-related injuries. (drugwarrant.com)

Method: 298 outpatients (23% women) with CocUD underwent standardized assessments of substance dependence (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-mental disorders, fourth edition, text revised), impulsiveness, resilience, and childhood trauma, using validated tools. (researchgate.net)
DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract): For the majority of inner-city women with crack/cocaine dependence, chronic traumatic victimizations and their far-reaching psychological consequences are ongoing obstacles to achieving abstinence in early recovery from drug addiction. (researchwithnj.com)
The proposed study aims to examine the efficacy of an enhanced cocaine treatment based on relapse prevention (RPT) which includes a specific manualized component geared towards coping with and reducing PTSD symptomatology for women with cocaine dependence. (researchwithnj.com)
This randomized two-armed clinical trial will assess the relative efficacy of PTSDRPT versus RPT alone in treating inner- city women with cocaine dependence and comorbid PTSD over a three month period with repeated measures at baseline, completion of treatment (3 months), 3-month post-treatment follow-up and 6 month post-treatment follow-up. (researchwithnj.com)
Methylation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene is dysregulated by cocaine dependence in the human striatum. (mcgill.ca)
Cocaine dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder caused by lasting changes in the brain. (mcgill.ca)
however, it is unclear how methylation is related to cocaine dependence in humans. (mcgill.ca)
We generated methylomic profiles of the nucleus accumbens using human postmortem brains from a cohort of individuals with cocaine dependence and healthy controls (n = 25 per group). (mcgill.ca)
These results suggest that cocaine dependence alters the epigenetic regulation of dopaminergic signaling genes. (mcgill.ca)
Patients diagnosed with an addiction and meet at least three of the above Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria should seek and enter chemical dependence programs that offer within them a plan that is solely focused on helping them overcome their dependence and prevent relapses. (socalrehabcenter.com)
Individuals abusing crack cocaine may swiftly find themselves in the cycle of dependence and addiction. (rehabcenter.net)

Cocaine Cocaine is an addictive stimulant drug made from leaves of the coca plant. (merckmanuals.com)
Cocaine is a strong stimulant that increases alertness, causes euphoria, and makes people feel powerful. (merckmanuals.com)
Cocaine (COC) is a potent CNS stimulant that is metabolized to benzoylecgonine (BE) and further metabolized to minor metabolites such as m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine (m-HOBE). (unboundmedicine.com)
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug that increases alertness, focus, and energy. (lahacienda.com)
Cocaine is an addictive stimulant drug that can be smoked, inhaled, or injected into the bloodstream. (burningtree.com)
Crack cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant that can be smoked or snorted. (rehabcenter.net)
This intense craving, coupled with the stimulant properties of crack cocaine, can cause a person to exhibit paranoia and violent behavior. (rehabcenter.net)
Indeed, the metabolic disturbances observed between normal mice and those with an impaired dopamine D2 receptor signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons is greatly enhanced by cocaine, a substance of abuse and psychomotor stimulant, as shown in the pie charts. (yidashuzi.com)
Being a stimulant, cocaine can trigger the release of chemicals and endorphins in the brain. (healthline.com)
Purchase Solaraze gel : Cocaine is a stimulant and an addictive drug. (theshoppewiththereddoor.com)

Misusing drugs such as cocaine is one such antisocial behavior. (therecoveryvillage.com)
Cocaine use increases the likelihood of violent behavior. (therecoveryvillage.com)
While personality disorders are thought to be life-long patterns of behavior, their symptoms can be managed effectively. (therecoveryvillage.com)
Substance use disorders generally involve behavior patterns in which people continue to use a substance despite having problems caused by its use. (merckmanuals.com)
Antagonism of the orexin system attenuates motivation for cocaine, escalation of cocaine intake and reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior. (uky.edu)
In this study, we focus on the response of the MHb to reinstatement of cocaine-associated behavior, demonstrating that cocaine-primed reinstatement of conditioned place preference engages habenula circuitry. (elsevier.com)
Seems that counties with higher lithium levels in the water had a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of homicide, suicide, arrests for opiates and cocaine, and violent criminal behavior. (blogspot.com)
Nevertheless, it was very poorly understood and it was generally thought that the solution was to eat less and burn more calories, and that the inability to achieve desired results was related to laziness and undisciplined behavior. (obesityaction.org)
For a number of reasons, people receiving treatment for the movement disorder Parkinson's disease have increased risks for the onset of sex addiction, a form of behavioral addiction centered on recurring, dysfunctional participation in sexual fantasy, thought or behavior. (rightstep.com)
However, affected individuals may underreport sex-related changes in thinking or behavior to their doctors. (rightstep.com)
People dealing with Parkinson's disease may deny or overlook addiction-related changes in their sexual thinking or behavior. (rightstep.com)

The categories used were: heroin-related disorder, alcohol-related disorder, cocaine-related disorder, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, mood disorders and anxiety disorders. (shockmd.com)
Some researchers say people must already have a predisposition for a mental disorder like schizophrenia for these types of negative reactions to occur, while others disagree. (hightimes.com)
Other researchers say drugs, nicotine, and other factors that aren't pot muddy up the results in studies searching for a real correlation between pot and schizophrenia, nor other mental disorders. (hightimes.com)
The average reduction in life expectancy in people with bipolar disorder is between 9 and 20 years, it's 10-20 years for schizophrenia, between 9 and 24 years for drug and alcohol abuse, and around 7-11 years for recurrent depression. (ox.ac.uk)
Mental, neurological and substance use disorders include common mental health conditions such as depressive and anxiety disorders, severe mental disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and, common among children, conduct disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity and developmental disorders. (who.int)
Schizophrenia is a severe, lifelong brain disorder that causes changes in your thoughts, perceptions, emotions and behaviours. (ementalhealth.ca)
Schizophrenia is a serious brain disorder that causes changes in a person's thoughts, perceptions, emotions and behaviours. (ementalhealth.ca)
Family history: Being related to other family members with schizophrenia can increase a person's risk of getting schizophrenia. (ementalhealth.ca)

the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) found that 1 in 12 American adults (over 18 million) had a substance use disorder in 2017. (voicesofsept11.org)
Compared with healthy control persons, patients with a gambling disorder (GD) or substance abuse disorder (SUD) showed decreased activation of the striatum, a core region of the brain reward circuit, during "reward anticipation. (medscape.com)
Alternatively, the increased vulnerability to addictive disorders in people with ADHD may also be related with some of the core symptoms of this neurodevelopmental disorder, such as impulsivity, which is also a significant feature of substance abuse. (chadd.org)
The person answering the call to the NJ addiction hotline has the training and specialized knowledge in mental health and substance abuse to help them deal with people in a variety of situations related to addiction, including alcoholism treatment. (welevelupnj.com)
In this regard, it has been found that university substances has long-term effects and is associated with students are the population that is most vulnerable to the many risks, including poor health, quality of life ( 6 ) and risk of substance abuse and addiction-related problems. (who.int)

Dopamine type 2 and type 3 receptors (D 2 R/D 3 R) appear critical to addictive disorders. (elsevier.com)
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (a part of the National Institutes of Health), cocaine affects the brain by increasing the levels of dopamine, a natural chemical messenger in the brain's reward circuit. (lahacienda.com)
Unlike natural dopamine, cocaine use causes a buildup of the chemical between nerve cells and interrupts normal communication. (lahacienda.com)
In 1984, after interviewing thousands of cocaine addicts, Gold and colleagues proposed a novel dopamine theory to explain cocaine addiction and withdrawal. (psychiatrictimes.com)
In addition, drugs that increase dopamine levels, such as cocaine, disrupt circadian metabolic profiles in the liver, which is exacerbated by loss of D2R signaling in MSNs. (yidashuzi.com)

Benzodiazepines are the first-line therapy in treating patients who are intoxicated from cocaine and are extremely agitated. (medscape.com)
Cocaine-induced hypertension is treated first with benzodiazepines. (medscape.com)
Benzodiazepines decrease the cocaine-induced sympathomimetic drive from the CNS. (medscape.com)

The profile of subjects investigated indicates a higher prevalence of male, single, homeless, average age 35, average schooling of 8 years, problems related to family and social ties, high presence of psychological and psychiatric symptoms, beginning of crack consumption in adulthood, poliusers of psychoactive substances and no history of treatment. (bvsalud.org)
A consecutive sample of 50 cocaine addicts received a clinical psychiatric interview. (unicatt.it)
Subjects with vs. without RRSB did not differ in terms of sex ratio, age, education, occupation, predisposing habits, duration of cocaine use, hours of sleep, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and concomitant use of other drugs. (unicatt.it)
METHODS: A sample of nighty eight individuals were screened for DSM-V substance use disorders, including substance use, impulsiveness, and psychiatric symptoms. (bvsalud.org)
Most participants presented with concomitant mental health disorders, particularly alcohol use disorder (87.8%), as well high rates of psychiatric symptomatology and impulsiveness. (bvsalud.org)
One psychiatric consequence of chronic victimization is developing a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (researchwithnj.com)
Inhalant-related psychiatric disorders are a heterogenous group of illnesses caused by the abuse of solvents, glues, paint, fuels, or other volatile substances. (medscape.com)
The lack of biological validity of the current classification systems of mental disorders, namely the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) [ 1 ] and the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) [ 2 ], is considered to be one of the major reasons why psychiatry has made little progress in translating biomedical research findings into clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
Another key factor in understanding their increased vulnerability to substance use and abuse is the high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD, including depressive and anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, or conduct disorders. (chadd.org)
Additionally, many mental health professionals today follow a principle published by the American Psychiatric Association known as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). (socalrehabcenter.com)
Once admitted, the patient will be given a full assessment and medical exam, to confirm if they have a substance use disorder and to find any potential co-occurring psychiatric conditions. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
Background: Adverse psychological effects have been associated with COVID-19-related disease containment measures, but little is known about the psychiatric symptoms and distress. (who.int)
Inclusion Criteria for "Remitted MDD" group: - Meets inclusion criteria for all subjects, plus: - History of MDD as defined by DSM-5, but in remission for the past two months - Absence of anxiety disorder for the past two months Exclusion Criteria for all participants: - History of psychiatric illnesses, other than depression or anxiety disorders among the Current MDD and Remitted MDD groups. (participaid.co)
The video game maker also tried to toss out the court action by arguing that there is no clear definition of a video game disorder - an opinion supported by the American Psychiatric Association, which said the subject needs further research. (ctvnews.ca)

Martell et al conducted a phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of a cocaine vaccine in cocaine-dependent and opioid-dependent individuals. (medscape.com)
While tramadol is often considered to be one of the "safer" opioid drugs in contrast to morphine, heroin, and hydrocodone, regular misuse of tramadol creates a risk of developing an opioid use disorder. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
Once someone takes tramadol over the long-term, an opioid use disorder may occur. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
When used over a long period there is a high likelihood that an opioid use disorder will occur. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
When a person with an opioid use disorder stops taking tramadol or other opioid drugs, they will experience withdrawal symptoms. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
Misusing tramadol may lead to an opioid use disorder. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
Fortunately, compared to other opioid analgesics, tramadol use disorders are rarely a major risk to patients. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, more than 2 million Americans suffer "from substance use disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers …" This raises the question as to which addiction is more difficult to kick, opioids or drug profits. (vaildaily.com)
In fact, according to The Washington Post, "decriminalized marijuana is associated with lower rates of opioid abuse and fewer opioid-related fatalities. (vaildaily.com)
NA also provides resources such as drug information and support hotlines, such as weed addiction hotlines, heroin addiction hotlines, meth addiction hotlines, cocaine addiction hotlines, and opioid addiction hotlines. (welevelupnj.com)

Conduct disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, learning disorders, and anxiety and mood disorders are the most common comorbid disorders in childhood and adolescence. (chadd.org)

Using an innovative multi-modal imaging approach, this study investigates the role of the neurochemical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), brain activity, as well as hormones in understanding sex differences in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). (participaid.co)
Hispanic Americans who experience racism have a higher chance of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) while African Americans have a higher chance of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (dailycampus.com)

Following a 3-week extinction period, reinstatement tests were performed to evaluate priming effects of amphetamine, cocaine and heroin on nonreinforced drug-seeking behaviour. (nih.gov)
Heroin-seeking behaviour was reinstated by heroin (0.25 mg/kg), amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) and cocaine (10 mg/kg). (nih.gov)
Cocaine-seeking behaviour was reinstated by cocaine and amphetamine, but not by heroin. (nih.gov)
Interestingly, locomotor sensitization to amphetamine, but not heroin, was observed in animals with a history of cocaine self-administration. (nih.gov)
Since its first description in amphetamine and cocaine addicts, data on punding has only derived from studies performed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). (unicatt.it)

The LDP consists of attorneys, law students, law school graduates pending bar exam results and/or admission, and others in the legal field who were diagnosed at one point or another in their lives, with major depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, general anxiety disorder, or another mental illness. (briancuban.com)

abstract = "Cocaine abuse and addiction remain great challenges on the public health agendas in the U.S. and the world. (utmb.edu)
ABSTRACT For the past 50 years, there has been a systematic effort to expand and improve treatment services for individuals with substance use disorders by developing an evidence base to guide practice. (who.int)
ABSTRACT This review describes systems-level innovations that may enhance accessibility, economy and integration of treatment services for substance-related disorders. (who.int)

Kind of blue': creativity, mental disorder and jazz. (shockmd.com)
Iatrogenic stigma is stigma resulting from the attitudes and behaviors of healthcareprofessionals this may limit help seeking when symptoms of a mental disorder first appear. (shockmd.com)
We believe that such biology-based subclasses of mental disorders will serve as better treatment targets than purely symptom-based disease entities, and help in tailoring the right treatment to the individual patient suffering from a mental disorder. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, the diagnosis of a mental disorder is based on predominantly self-reported symptoms (e.g., feeling sad). (biomedcentral.com)
Likewise, there is a significant association between ADHD and substance use disorders, constituting one of the most common forms of dual diagnosis, a term used for the co-occurrence of an addictive disorder and at least one other mental disorder. (chadd.org)
Psychoanalytic theory views mental disorder as the outcome of unconsciously determined symbolic efforts that only partially resolve these intrapsychic conflicts, resulting in pathological adjustments to the vicissitudes of psychosexual development. (dissidentvoice.org)

D2R signaling in medium spiny neurons is key for striatal output and is essential for regulating the first response to the cellular and rewarding effects of cocaine," said Borrelli. (yidashuzi.com)

One study found that people with ASPD are likely to have a substance-induced mood disorder like depression or psychosis . (therecoveryvillage.com)
1b) maintaining retention rates in cocaine abuse 2) The research aims to assess the impact of potential predictors (including baseline severity of cocaine use, PTSD, depression and intensity of other services received) on cocaine use and PTSD symptomatology over follow-up. (researchwithnj.com)
Cessation of cocaine consumption can lead to withdrawal symptoms including depression, anxiety, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and strong cravings. (lahacienda.com)
The novelty of BeCOME lies in the dynamic in-depth phenotyping and omics characterization of individuals with mental disorders from the depression and anxiety spectrum of varying severity. (biomedcentral.com)
Even those with bipolar disorder or major depression who have no real symptomatic improvement seem to have less suicidal thoughts and suicides while on lithium. (blogspot.com)
Finally, drug use often exacerbates and triggers mental disorders, such as anxiety or depression. (interventionservicesinc.com)
These symptoms are harder to recognize as part of the disorder and can be mistaken for laziness or depression. (ementalhealth.ca)

University students report more habitual use of marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens and illicit drugs than noncollege students report. (who.int)

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a highly misunderstood mental health condition. (therecoveryvillage.com)
How Does Cocaine Affect People with Antisocial Personality Disorder? (therecoveryvillage.com)
Can Cocaine Abuse Cause Antisocial Personality Disorder? (therecoveryvillage.com)

Substance use disorders are often prevalent among people with different personality disorders . (therecoveryvillage.com)
In adults, personality disorders are also highly prevalent. (chadd.org)

Cocaine is more dangerous when combined with other drugs or alcohol. (medlineplus.gov)
We also will monitor the impact of psilocybin- facilitated treatment on the use of other drugs and outcomes relevant to cocaine involvement (e.g., criminal involvement). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Currently, there are no approved pharmacotherapies for addiction to cocaine and other psychostimulant drugs. (mdpi.com)
Increasingly sophisticated perspectives on addiction to cocaine and other drugs of abuse have evolved with concerted research efforts over the last 30 years. (utmb.edu)
Substance misuse and other substance-related disorders can arise when drugs that directly activate the brain's reward system are taken for the feelings of pleasure they induce. (merckmanuals.com)
Drugs in the 10 classes vary in how likely they are to cause a substance use disorder. (merckmanuals.com)
Among the 50'624 attendances at the ED, 210 were directly related to acute toxicity of recreational drugs. (erowid.org)
A relationship may exist between inhalant use and an increased risk of frequent drinking, binge-type drinking, smoking, and the use of other drugs, making inhalant-related disorders a new public health problem deserving of more attention. (medscape.com)
Patients are often enrolled in long-term programs if they have problems that cannot be treated in a short-term addiction treatment facility, such as continued attempts to acquire drugs or alcohol, a history of relapse into drug abuse, or if there are other related issues or co-occurring disorders that must be addressed in conjunction with the treatment for cocaine addiction. (burningtree.com)
Abusers also often use other drugs in combination with cocaine, which increases the risk of harm from all of the drugs being used - alcohol, for example, combines with cocaine in the liver to form a substance with a greater chance to cause sudden death than cocaine or alcohol alone. (burningtree.com)
Addiction is a chronic brain disorder which causes an individual to repeatedly engage in the use of substances such as drugs or alcohol despite their detrimental. (socalrehabcenter.com)
People who take drugs such as cocaine or heroin often do so to experience feelings of pleasure, relaxation, satisfaction, power, self-confidence, and increased energy. (socalrehabcenter.com)
Going beyond current studies on substance use disorders, which focus on the impact of addictive drugs on the brain, this new research highlights an existing connection between specific neurons and peripheral organs. (yidashuzi.com)
Leggio told NPR that for societal reasons, alcohol feels less risky than other drugs - including opioids, meth and cocaine - that have also seen a surge in use during the pandemic. (usf.edu)
Thus, repeated exposure to drugs of abuse creates experience-dependent learning and related brain changes, which can lead to maladaptive patterns of drug use. (1truhealth.com)
Every year, there are more than 1.5 million arrests in the U.S. for drug-related offenses, with over 85% of those solely for possessing drugs - one every 23 seconds on average. (drugpolicy.org)

People with a cocaine use disorder display more antisocial behaviors in their lifestyles. (therecoveryvillage.com)
Substance use disorders like cocaine dependency often come with hurtful and antisocial behaviors. (therecoveryvillage.com)
Orexin antagonism generally does not alter adaptive behaviors like food or water intake, nor does it change cocaine-induced locomotion. (uky.edu)
Taken together, these preclinical findings suggest that orexin system antagonism selectively reduces motivation for cocaine, as well as other maladaptive cocaine-associated behaviors. (uky.edu)
This research will translate findings from preclinical research and provide the initial evidence that orexin antagonism reduces motivation for cocaine, as well as other cocaine-associated maladaptive behaviors in active cocaine users. (uky.edu)
This reduced activation is also in line with the incentive sensitization theory, according to which addictive behaviors "highjack" the brain's reward system, resulting in reduced striatal responses to nondrug-related cues but increased responses to drug-related cues. (medscape.com)
As part of two ongoing large-scale behavioral genetic studies in heterogeneous stock (HS) rats, we have created two preclinical biobanks using well-validated long access (LgA) models of intravenous cocaine and oxycodone self-administration (SA) and comprehensive characterization of addiction-related behaviors. (eneuro.org)
60 percent of susceptibility to addiction is largely related to genetic factors and not only does it develop as a result of using mood altering substances, but also due to certain behaviors or process, such as eating, sex or gambling as it generally stems from a malfunction in the reward circuitry of the brain. (socalrehabcenter.com)
and a behavioral learning theory, offering treatments designed to eliminate the behaviors that characterize the mental disorders. (dissidentvoice.org)
Through our research we explored how the disruption of normal neuronal functions affects metabolic activity and may move the body to an altered state away from homeostasis, which could contribute to the drug seeking behaviors exhibited by people with substance use disorders. (yidashuzi.com)

APPROACH: A structured search was completed in MEDLINE, TOXLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Scopus and Biomed Central, to collect case reports and case series on corneal complications attributed to crack cocaine smoking. (bvsalud.org)

The introduction and widespread use of crack cocaine in the 1980s, the severity of the addiction, and comorbid problems prompted the scientific community to investigate treatment options. (netce.com)

People who abuse cocaine present with many different medical symptoms. (medscape.com)
The compromised biological validity of the current classification system for mental disorders impedes rather than supports the development of treatments that not only target symptoms but also the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Likewise, some personality traits and symptoms that are generally genetically determined and are frequently associated with both ADHD and addictive disorders- such as novelty seeking, sensation seeking, harm avoidance, low self-esteem, and altered executive functions- may also increase the link to developing a dual diagnosis. (chadd.org)
In addition, factors that increase risk and symptoms of heat-related illnesses were more thoroughly defined. (cdc.gov)
In bipolar 1 disorder, carbamazepine has been found to decrease mania symptoms in a clinically significant manner according to the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). (drugbank.com)
Binge drinking and alcohol-related symptoms may underlie patterns of dynamic brain oscillations of resource allocation during high-fidelity driving simulation Banz B , Camenga D, Crowley M, Vaca F. Binge drinking and alcohol-related symptoms may underlie patterns of dynamic brain oscillations of resource allocation during high-fidelity driving simulation Traffic Injury Prevention 2022, 1-2. (yale.edu)

In a study by Morgan et al, modafinil was evaluated for its ability to normalize sleep patterns in chronic cocaine users. (medscape.com)
Chronic cocaine use is also linked to retraction of the upper eyelid, which occurs when your eyelid sits too high on your eye. (healthline.com)
NIDA uses the term "addiction" to describe the most severe and chronic form of substance use disorder that is characterized by changes in the brain's reward, stress, and self-control systems. (1truhealth.com)

Opioids were pinned on Asian Americans, cocaine was pinned on African Americans and marijuana was pinned on Hispanic Americans. (dailycampus.com)

Among individuals with ADHD, conduct disorder not only increases the risk of developing a substance use disorder, it is also associated with an earlier onset of substance use, a greater severity of the addictive disorder, and an overall worse outcome of both disorders. (chadd.org)

16 Interestingly, carbamazepine was the first anticonvulsant used to treat individuals with bipolar disorder. (drugbank.com)
3 , 16 Carbamazepine is also indicated for the treatment of manic episodes and mixed manic-depressive episodes caused by bipolar I disorder. (drugbank.com)

People who stopped using cocaine can still feel strong cravings for the drug, sometimes even years later. (medlineplus.gov)
A person abusing crack cocaine will likely experience strong cravings for the drug soon after their last dose. (rehabcenter.net)

To this end, non-treatment seeking human subjects meeting diagnostic criteria for cocaine use disorder will sample doses of intravenous cocaine in experimental sessions following maintenance on a range of oral suvorexant doses. (uky.edu)

This report discusses trends in the prevalence of mental illness, substance use disorders, or both among adolescents and adults in the United States. (samhsa.gov)

The purpose of this study is to determine if nimodipine is more effective than placebo in reducing stimulated craving for cocaine in cocaine dependent individuals denied access to cocaine in inpatient unit. (drugpatentwatch.com)

He theorized the presence of a basic force of psychic energy (libido) driving development, with human personality being shaped during childhood by psychological experiences related to the demands imposed by fixed stages of psychosexual development (oral, anal, phallic). (dissidentvoice.org)

Drug uses decreases the individual's ability to care for themselves and increases the likelihood of having health-related issues. (interventionservicesinc.com)
This happens because cocaine causes your blood vessels to constrict, which increases blood pressure. (healthline.com)

The current study aimed to extend investigations of CUD-related alterations in D 2 R and D 3 R availability using regional and source-based analyses of [ 11 C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography (PET) of 26 individuals with CUD and 26 matched healthy comparison (HC) participants. (elsevier.com)
Individuals with this disorder have a grandiose sense of self-importance (Criterion 1). (bpdfamily.com)
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder are often preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love (Criterion 2). (bpdfamily.com)
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder believe that they are superior, special, or unique and expect others to recognize them as such (Criterion 3). (bpdfamily.com)
Individuals with this disorder believe that their needs are special and beyond the ken of ordinary people. (bpdfamily.com)
Individuals with this disorder generally require excessive admiration (Criterion 4). (bpdfamily.com)
Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder generally have a lack of empathy and have difficulty recognizing the desires, subjective experiences, and feelings of others (Criterion 7). (bpdfamily.com)
OBJECTIVE: São Paulo's Crackland is the biggest and oldest open drug use scene in Brazil, yet little is known about the profile of crack cocaine treatment-seeking individuals living in this region. (bvsalud.org)
BeCOME intends to include at least 1000 individuals with a broad spectrum of affective, anxiety and stress-related mental disorders as well as 500 individuals unaffected by mental disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Magellan Health has announced the launch of reSET therapy, a pilot initiative using the first-ever FDA cleared prescription digital therapeutic from PEAR Therapeutics to improve outcomes for individuals struggling with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and other related conditions. (hitconsultant.net)
We found hypermethylation in a cluster of CpGs within the gene body of tyrosine hydroxylase containing a putative binding site for the early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription factor, which is hypermethylated in the caudate nucleus of cocaine-dependent individuals. (mcgill.ca)
Individuals with a substance use disorder related to tramadol may choose to enter a rehab program. (bostondrugtreatmentcenters.com)
Individuals addicted to crack cocaine may also be in a situation without the necessary paraphernalia (usually a glass pipe). (rehabcenter.net)
As a result, it is extremely important that individuals with substance use disorders seek the help they need in order to recover. (interventionservicesinc.com)

The cycling course of cocaine intake, abstinence and relapse is tied to a multitude of behavioral and cognitive processes including impulsivity (a predisposition toward rapid unplanned reactions to stimuli without regard to the negative consequences), and cocaine cue reactivity (responsivity to cocaine-associated stimuli) cited as two key phenotypes that contribute to relapse vulnerability even years into recovery. (utmb.edu)
5-HT) neurotransmission in key neural circuits may contribute to these interlocked phenotypes well as the altered neurobiological states evoked by cocaine that precipitate relapse events. (utmb.edu)
As such, 5-HT is an important target in the quest to understand the neurobiology of relapse-predictive phenotypes, to successfully treat this complex disorder and improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. (utmb.edu)
Propensity to relapse, even following long periods of abstinence, is a key feature in substance use disorders. (elsevier.com)
A long-term treatment process, which lasts ninety days or longer, that utilizes behavioral and cognitive therapy is the best way to eliminate cocaine use and help the patient to avoid relapse. (burningtree.com)

But alcohol-related illnesses kill more than 88,0000 Americans each year, according to the NIAAA. (usf.edu)
If you are seeking drug and alcohol related addiction rehab for yourself or a loved one, the YourFirstStep.org hotline is a confidential and convenient solution. (yourfirststep.org)

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and estimate the efficacy of psilocybin- facilitated treatment for cocaine use. (clinicaltrials.gov)
and 8) administer cognitive-behavioral treatment for cocaine use. (clinicaltrials.gov)
On top of medical treatment for cocaine withdrawal, ASPD and cocaine use are usually treated together with psychotherapy . (therecoveryvillage.com)

Cunningham, KA & Anastasio, NC 2014, ' Serotonin at the nexus of impulsivity and cue reactivity in cocaine addiction ', Neuropharmacology , vol. 76, no. (utmb.edu)

However, these CUD-related alterations in D 2 R and D 3 R have not been concurrently detected using available dopaminergic radioligands. (elsevier.com)
In addition, they found that activation of dopaminergic circuits by acute cocaine administration reprograms the circadian liver metabolome. (yidashuzi.com)

In the present series, 38% of the cocaine addicts met the proposed diagnostic criteria for a RRSB and 8% were considered punders. (unicatt.it)
It has been argued that our current diagnostic classification approach and the way it defines mental disorders hinders the translation of biological knowledge into the clinic [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

draft intersectoral global action plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders. (who.int)
She indicated that it was obvious that CBD has been beneficial to so many people suffering from seizures and epilepsy as well as other neurological disorders. (cannabistraininguniversity.com)

Cocaine can also be made into small white rocks, called crack. (medlineplus.gov)
exp cocaine OR exp cocaine-related disorders OR exp crack cocaine OR cocaine.mp] AND [exp Myocardial Infarction OR myocardial infarction.mp OR exp Chest Pain OR chest pain.mp] LIMIT to human, English AND abstracts. (bmj.com)
Recent crack cocaine use was also tested using biologic specimens. (bvsalud.org)
ISSUES: Use of crack cocaine and associated medical complications persists globally. (bvsalud.org)
While the need for treatment approaches to address such problems has been demonstrated empirically, and the clinical literature attests to the potential of such approaches, to date there are not known controlled studies which examine the efficacy of manualized treatments with crack/cocaine-dependent women who are suffering from PTSD. (researchwithnj.com)
Cocaine can come in the form of a powder (cocaine hydrochloride) or a rock crystal (crack). (lahacienda.com)
Cocaine that comes in the form of rock crystals is called crack because it makes a crackling sound when heated. (lahacienda.com)
Crack cocaine is a processed and less expensive form of the illegal street drug, cocaine. (rehabcenter.net)
Crack cocaine can be identified as a white or off-white "rock" of powder, that makes a crackling noise when smoked. (rehabcenter.net)
Snorting crack cocaine, or using this drug in any form, can lead to cardiovascular and mental health issues. (rehabcenter.net)
When a person snorts crack cocaine (insufflation), they risk permanent damage to their nose and nasal passages. (rehabcenter.net)
Snorting any drug can result in sores and infection inside the nose, and crack cocaine can cause holes (perforation) in a person's septum. (rehabcenter.net)
What Happens When You Snort Crack Cocaine? (rehabcenter.net)
Snorting crack cocaine causes side effects similar to cocaine, including extreme energy, increased body temperature, and dilated pupils. (rehabcenter.net)
The high from crack cocaine is intense but short-lived. (rehabcenter.net)
Why Do People Snort Crack Cocaine? (rehabcenter.net)
When powder cocaine is processed with other chemicals, it results in freebase or crack cocaine. (rehabcenter.net)
Sometimes called an "upper," crack cocaine can result in feelings that range from excitement to paranoia. (rehabcenter.net)
Crack cocaine speeds a person's entire body up, causing the heart to race and the body to overheat. (rehabcenter.net)
A person may snort crack cocaine for a number of reasons, including curiosity about what happens if you snort crack instead of smoking it. (rehabcenter.net)
When this happens, a person craving a hit of crack cocaine may resort to snorting the drug instead of smoking it. (rehabcenter.net)
Some people may wrongly assume that snorting crack cocaine is safer than smoking it. (rehabcenter.net)
There are serious health risks associated with snorting crack cocaine. (rehabcenter.net)
When a person snorts crack cocaine, they also run the risk of damaging their nasal passages. (rehabcenter.net)
Even one instance of crack cocaine use can result in a person suffering from hallucinations, delirium, and severe mood disturbances. (rehabcenter.net)
Any amount of crack cocaine use can also result in fatal and nonfatal overdose. (rehabcenter.net)
Crack cocaine is a highly processed chemical that can be diluted or "cut" with many different substances. (rehabcenter.net)
When a person abuses crack cocaine through insufflation, they are ingesting large amounts of unknown substances along with high doses of the drug. (rehabcenter.net)
Smoking freebase cocaine (crack), on the other hand, causes it to happen almost immediately, and can last for up to 7 minutes. (healthline.com)

Progressive cocaine abstinence is associated with disruptive sleep outcomes. (medscape.com)

They also enrol patients who have taken cocaine hours before symptomatology, this contradicts the known pharmacology of cocaine. (bmj.com)
3) The research will also assess the impact of potential mediators, representing acquisition of intervention components, on cocaine use and PTSD symptomatology over the three assessment periods, especially examining concurrent level of PTSDRPT and RPT alone skill and concurrent level of perceived self-efficacy to use these skills. (researchwithnj.com)

Acute cocaine intoxication is usually self limited and can be managed with supportive care. (medscape.com)
Acute hyperthermia syndromes associated with acute cocaine intoxication have been reported, and the use of neuroleptics with the risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome may confuse this situation. (medscape.com)

The combustion of powder cocaine at very high temperature can cause considerable breakdown of the drug and produces a strong, acidic, and foul-smelling smoke. (lahacienda.com)
Smoking freebase coke, a mixture of powder cocaine containing crystalline rock crystals, is another popular way to take the drug. (lahacienda.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms7

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology70

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations1

Humanities1

Information Science7

Named Groups1

Health Care18

Geographicals1

A nicotine antagonist, mecamylamine, reduces cue-induced cocaine craving in cocaine-dependent subjects. (1/1808)

Methadone treatment by general practitioners in Amsterdam. (2/1808)

Do alcohol and cocaine abuse alter the course of HIV-associated dementia complex? (3/1808)

Use of illicit drugs among high-school students in Jamaica. (4/1808)

Relative potency of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol and methadone in humans under acute dosing conditions. (5/1808)

Midfacial complications of prolonged cocaine snorting. (6/1808)

Predicting posttreatment cocaine abstinence for first-time admissions and treatment repeaters. (7/1808)

Effects of contingent and non-contingent cocaine on drug-seeking behavior measured using a second-order schedule of cocaine reinforcement in rats. (8/1808)

Cocaine

Cocaine-Related Disorders

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Crack Cocaine

Self Administration

Noonan Syndrome

Mental Disorders

LEOPARD Syndrome

Stress Disorders, Traumatic

Bipolar Disorder

Parasomnias

Masturbation

Schizophrenia

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Environmental Remediation

Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute

Psychotic Disorders

Syndrome

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Anxiety Disorders

Mood Disorders

Brain

Societies, Nursing

Marfan Syndrome

Autistic Disorder

alpha-Synuclein

Pachyonychia Congenita

Frasier Syndrome

Conditioning, Operant

Abnormalities, Multiple

Substance-Related Disorders

Mutation

Nucleus Accumbens

Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive

Cyclic IMP

Kidney Diseases, Cystic

Phenotype

Alzheimer Disease

Schizophrenic Psychology

Reinforcement (Psychology)

Chernobyl Nuclear Accident

Behavior, Addictive

Cerebellar Diseases

Parkinson Disease

Ectodermal Dysplasia

Antipsychotic Agents

Depressive Disorder, Major

Behavior, Animal

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Disease Models, Animal

Drug-Seeking Behavior

Cognition Disorders

Reinforcement Schedule

Depressive Disorder

Synucleins

Comorbidity

Analysis of Variance

Alcoholism

Lewy Bodies

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Time Factors

Motor Activity

Extinction, Psychological

Risk Factors

Dopamine

Neurons

Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Pedigree

Dementia

Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Phobic Disorders

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

Case-Control Studies

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Pregnancy

Neuropsychological Tests

Psychometrics

tau Proteins