Coca
Mythology
Plants, Medicinal
Osteopathic Medicine
Beverages
Alkaloids
Cocaine
Metabolism
Hormones
Inter- and intra-specific variation among five Erythroxylum taxa assessed by AFLP. (1/10)
BACKGROUND: and Aims The four cultivated Erythroxylum taxa (E. coca var. coca, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense, E. coca var. ipadu and E. novogranatense var. truxillense) are indigenous to the Andean region of South America and have been cultivated for folk-medicine and, within the last century, for illicit cocaine production. The objective of this research was to assess the structure of genetic diversity within and among the four cultivated alkaloid-bearing taxa of Erythroxylum in the living collection at Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. METHODS: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting was performed in 86 Erythroxylum accessions using a capillary genotyping system. Cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were used to assess the pattern and level of genetic variation among and within the taxa. KEY RESULTS: A clear distinction was revealed between E. coca and E. novogranatense. At the intra-specific level, significant differentiation was observed between E. c. var. coca and E. c. var. ipadu, but the differentiation between E. n. var. novogranatense and E. n. var. truxillense was negligible. Erythroxylum c. var. ipadu had a significantly lower amount of diversity than the E. c. var. coca and is genetically different from the E. c. var. ipadu currently under cultivation in Colombia, South America. CONCLUSIONS: There is a heterogeneous genetic structure among the cultivated Erythroxylum taxa where E. coca and E. novogranatense are two independent species. Erythroxylum coca var. coca is most likely the ancestral taxon of E. c. var. ipadu and a founder effect may have occurred as E. c. var. ipadu moved from the eastern Andes in Peru and Bolivia into the lowland Amazonian basin. There is an indication of artificial hybridization in coca grown in Colombia. (+info)Historical trends in the production and consumption of illicit drugs in Mexico: implications for the prevention of blood borne infections. (2/10)
Mexico has cultivated opium poppy since before the 1900's and has been an important transit route for South American cocaine for decades. However, only recently has drug use, particularly injection drug use, been documented as an important problem. Heroin is the most common drug used by Mexican injection drug users (IDUs). Increased cultivation of opium poppy in some Mexican states, lower prices for black tar heroin and increased security at U.S.-Mexican border crossings may be contributing factors to heroin use, especially in border cities. Risky practices among IDUs, including needle sharing and shooting gallery attendance are common, whereas perceived risk for acquiring blood borne infections is low. Although reported AIDS cases attributed to IDU in Mexico have been low, data from sentinel populations, such as pregnant women in the Mexican-U.S. border city of Tijuana, suggest an increase in HIV prevalence associated with drug use. Given widespread risk behaviors and rising numbers of blood borne infections among IDUs in Mexican-U.S. border cities, there is an urgent need for increased disease surveillance and culturally appropriate interventions to prevent potential epidemics of blood borne infections. We review available literature on the history of opium production in Mexico, recent trends in drug use and its implications, and the Mexican response, with special emphasis on the border cities of Ciudad Juarez and Tijuana. (+info)Time for tea, anyone? (3/10)
There have been suggestions that urine samples positive for benzoylecognine, the diagnostic metabolite of cocaine, may be the result of consumption Mate de Coca, a commercially available tea made from coca (Erythroxylon coca) leaves. The Jockey Club in Great Britain commissioned research into this subject as several jockeys have tested positive for benzoylecognine over the past few years. Urine samples collected at various time points within 24 h after ingestion of a 250 ml infusion of Mate de Coca tea were analysed using three different methods. All samples tested positive for benzoylecognine. (+info)Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction desorption parameters for fast GC analysis of cocaine in coca leaves. (4/10)
By its simplicity and rapidity, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) appears as an interesting alternative for sample introduction in fast gas chromatography (fast GC). This combination depends on numerous parameters affecting the desorption step (i.e., the release of compounds from the SPME fiber coating to the GC column). In this study, different liner diameters, injection temperatures, and gas flow rates are evaluated to accelerate the thermal desorption process in the injection port. This process is followed with real-time direct coupling a split/splitless injector to a mass spectrometer by means of a short capillary. It is shown that an effective, quantitative, and rapid transfer of cocaine (COC) and cocaethylene (CE) is performed with a 0.75-mm i.d. liner, at 280 degrees C and 4 mL/min gas flow rate. The 7-microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating is selected for combination with fast GC because the 100-microm PDMS fiber presents some limitations caused by fiber bleeding. Finally, the developed SPME-fast GC method is applied to perform in less than 5 min, the quantitation of COC extracted from coca leaves by focused microwave-assisted extraction. An amount of 7.6 +/- 0.5 mg of COC per gram of dry mass is found, which is in good agreement with previously published results. (+info)Behavioral problems and the occurrence of tobacco, cannabis, and coca paste smoking in Chile: evidence based on multivariate response models for school survey data. (5/10)
(+info)Archaeological, radiological, and biological evidence offer insight into Inca child sacrifice. (6/10)
(+info)Coca leaf and cocaine addiction--some historical notes. (7/10)
Coca-leaf habituation has affected millions of Andean natives for over 400 years. In the last half-century it has also involved millions more Malayans. Coca leaf, from which cocaine and extracts for some commercial carbonated soft drinks are obtained, remains relatively unknown by the medical and allied professions elsewhere. A review of the original medical, historical and other pertinent literature of the last 350 years illustrates the origins of the use of coca leaf, its spread, the isolation of cocaine and its first uses, as well as some of the euphoric and other effects of both substances. (+info)Identification and quantitation of alkaloids in coca tea. (8/10)
The consumption of coca tea is a common occurrence in many South American countries. The tea is often packaged in individual servings as tea bags which contain approximately 1 g of plant material. The consumption of coca tea leads to ingestion of cocaine and other alkaloids; however, there is little information available regarding the pharmacological or toxicological effects that result from consumption of coca tea. We performed a series of studies with coca tea bags from two South American countries, Peru and Bolivia. The alkaloidal content of the 'coca leaf' in coca tea bags was determined by two different extraction methods: Soxhlet extraction with methanol (exhaustive extraction), and mechanical agitation with methanol. Extracts were purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Coca tea prepared from Peruvian and Bolivian coca tea bags was also analyzed by SPE-GC/MS assay. In addition, urine specimens were analyzed from an individual who consumed one cup of Peruvian coca tea and one cup of Bolivian coca tea on separate occasions. Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay (TDx) and SPE-GC/MS. Analysis of coca tea bags and coca tea indicated that cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and trans-cinnamoylcocaine were present in varying quantities. With exhaustive extraction, an average of 5.11 mg, and 4.86 mg of cocaine per tea bag were found in coca leaf from Peru and Bolivia, respectively. The average amounts of benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester in Peruvian coca leaf were 0.11 and 1.15 mg, and in Bolivian coca leaf were 0.12 and 2.93 mg per tea bag, respectively. trans-cinnamoylcocaine was found in trace amounts in Peruvian tea bags and 0.16 mg/tea bag of Bolivian tea. When tea was prepared, an average of 4.14 mg of cocaine was present in a cup of Peruvian coca tea and 4.29 mg of cocaine was present in Bolivian tea. Following the consumption of a cup of Peruvian tea by one individual, a peak urine benzoylecgonine concentration of 3940 ng/ml occurred 10 h after ingestion. Consumption of Bolivian coca tea resulted in a peak benzoylecgonine concentration of 4979 ng/ml at 3.5 h. The cumulative urinary excretion of benzoylecgonine after approximately 48 h, determined by GC/MS, was 3.11 mg and 2.69 mg after consumption of Peruvian and Bolivian coca tea, respectively. This study demonstrated that coca tea bags and coca tea contain a significant amount of cocaine and cocaine-related alkaloids and the consumption of a single cup of Peruvian or Bolivian coca tea produces positive drug test results for cocaine metabolites. (+info)"Coca" is a medication and plant extract that comes from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which is native to South America. The active alkaloids in the leaves include cocaine and other related compounds. Coca leaves have been used for centuries by indigenous peoples in the Andean region for their mild stimulant effects and as a remedy for altitude sickness.
However, it's important to note that chewing coca leaves or using coca-based medications is not the same as using illicit forms of cocaine. The concentration of cocaine in coca leaves is relatively low, and traditional use does not typically lead to the severe psychological and physical effects associated with cocaine abuse.
In modern medicine, coca alkaloids are used in the form of purified cocaine for topical anesthesia in eye surgery and other medical procedures. However, the recreational use of cocaine is illegal and highly regulated due to its addictive properties and potential for harm.
"Modern History (1601-)" is a term used in medicine to refer to the historical context of medical developments and practices that have occurred from the early 17th century until the present day. This period is characterized by significant advancements in medical knowledge, technology, and treatment methods.
Some notable events and developments in modern medical history include:
* The establishment of the Royal Society in London in 1660, which promoted scientific inquiry and discovery.
* The invention of the microscope in the 17th century, which allowed for the discovery of cells and microorganisms.
* The development of vaccines in the late 18th century by Edward Jenner, which revolutionized public health and prevented many infectious diseases.
* The discovery of anesthesia in the mid-19th century, which made surgical procedures less painful and more effective.
* The development of antibiotics in the early 20th century, which transformed the treatment of bacterial infections.
* The advent of modern medical imaging technologies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, which have improved diagnostic accuracy and surgical precision.
* The mapping of the human genome in the late 20th century, which has opened up new avenues for genetic research and personalized medicine.
Understanding the historical context of modern medical developments is essential for healthcare professionals to appreciate the evolution of medical practices, identify ongoing challenges and areas for improvement, and provide high-quality care to their patients.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "mythology" is not a term that has a medical definition. Mythology refers to the body of myths associated with a culture, religion, or historical stage of development. It's often used in the context of studying ancient civilizations and their belief systems, folklore, and literature. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help!
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Osteopathic medicine is a system of medical care that focuses on the unity of the mind, body, and spirit in the diagnosis and treatment of illness. It was founded in the United States in 1874 by Andrew Taylor Still, MD, who developed a philosophy of medicine based on principles of preventive medicine, holistic patient care, and the interrelationship of all body systems.
Osteopathic physicians (DOs), also known as osteopaths, are trained to diagnose and treat medical conditions using a variety of treatment modalities, including manual manipulation of the musculoskeletal system. They receive the same basic medical education as MDs, but also complete additional training in osteopathic principles and practices.
Osteopathic medicine emphasizes the importance of preventive care, lifestyle modifications, and patient education in maintaining health and preventing illness. DOs are trained to use their hands to diagnose and treat structural and functional problems in the body, with a focus on the musculoskeletal system. They believe that the body has an inherent ability to heal itself, and that manipulation of the bones, muscles, and other tissues can help promote this natural healing process.
DOs are licensed to practice medicine and surgery in all 50 states and are recognized as fully qualified physicians. They may choose to specialize in any area of medicine, including family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, psychiatry, and neurology, among others.
A beverage is a drink intended for human consumption. The term is often used to refer to any drink that is not alcoholic or, in other words, non-alcoholic beverages. This includes drinks such as water, juice, tea, coffee, and soda. However, it can also include alcoholic drinks like beer, wine, and spirits.
In a medical context, beverages are often discussed in relation to their impact on health. For example, sugary drinks like soda and energy drinks have been linked to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems. On the other hand, drinks like water and unsweetened tea can help to keep people hydrated and may have other health benefits.
It's important for individuals to be mindful of their beverage choices and to choose options that are healthy and support their overall well-being. This may involve limiting sugary drinks, choosing water or unsweetened tea instead of soda, and avoiding excessive caffeine intake.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylon coca). It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant that affects the brain and body in many ways. When used recreationally, cocaine can produce feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and mental alertness; however, it can also cause serious negative consequences, including addiction, cardiovascular problems, seizures, and death.
Cocaine works by increasing the levels of dopamine in the brain, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. This leads to the pleasurable effects that users seek when they take the drug. However, cocaine also interferes with the normal functioning of the brain's reward system, making it difficult for users to experience pleasure from natural rewards like food or social interactions.
Cocaine can be taken in several forms, including powdered form (which is usually snorted), freebase (a purer form that is often smoked), and crack cocaine (a solid form that is typically heated and smoked). Each form of cocaine has different risks and potential harms associated with its use.
Long-term use of cocaine can lead to a number of negative health consequences, including addiction, heart problems, malnutrition, respiratory issues, and mental health disorders like depression or anxiety. It is important to seek help if you or someone you know is struggling with cocaine use or addiction.
Metabolism is the complex network of chemical reactions that occur within our bodies to maintain life. It involves two main types of processes: catabolism, which is the breaking down of molecules to release energy, and anabolism, which is the building up of molecules using energy. These reactions are necessary for the body to grow, reproduce, respond to environmental changes, and repair itself. Metabolism is a continuous process that occurs at the cellular level and is regulated by enzymes, hormones, and other signaling molecules. It is influenced by various factors such as age, genetics, diet, physical activity, and overall health status.
Hormones are defined as chemical messengers that are produced by endocrine glands or specialized cells and are transported through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, where they elicit specific responses. They play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes such as growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. Examples of hormones include insulin, estrogen, testosterone, adrenaline, and thyroxine.
CoCa
Coca Carola
Coca Andronescu
Valentin Coca
Coca tea
Coca Michelle
Erelieva coca
Coca (pastry)
Eugen Coca
Coca alkaloid
Coca Guazzini
Coca Sek
Coca flour
Coca eradication
Coca Crystal
Coca Colla
Coca-Cola
Coca Museum
Erythroxylum coca
Coca wine
Coca (Slănic)
Diego Coca
Coca Steamboat
Imogene Coca
Coca (disambiguation)
Coca, Segovia
Juan Coca
Coca people
Coca Bloos
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Coca - Wikipedia
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Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity1
- The Clinician Outreach and Communication Activity (COCA) and Health Alert Network (HAN) team at CDC acts as a bridge between experts across the agency and diverse clinical professionals. (medscape.com)
PepsiCo and Coca-Cola2
- Legacy CPG companies PepsiCo and Coca-Cola have each snapped up or invested heavily in a functional food and beverage brand this year. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- In the U.S. specifically, a total of 70 cleanups determined that Nestlé, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola were the worst corporate plastic polluters, in that order. (nationofchange.org)
Cocaine16
- Coca is known worldwide for its psychoactive alkaloid, cocaine. (wikipedia.org)
- The cocaine alkaloid content of dry Erythroxylum coca var. (wikipedia.org)
- Extraction of cocaine from coca requires several solvents and a chemical process known as an acid-base extraction, which can fairly easily extract the alkaloids from the plant. (wikipedia.org)
- The original Coca-Cola drink contained trace quantities of cocaine. (corpwatch.org)
- Almost 130 years ago, Coca-Cola first quenched Americans' thirst and splashed its irresistible blend of sugar and, yes, cocaine , across our taste buds and brains. (corpwatch.org)
- Coca provides the key ingredient in cocaine and its eradication is a fundamental part of the US-backed war on drugs. (mongabay.com)
- Typically farmers convert the plant into coca paste and sell it to groups - including paramilitaries and Colombian rebels - who refine it into cocaine and export it to markets like the United States, which is the world's largest consumer of the narcotic. (mongabay.com)
- The farm-gate value of coca leaf and derivatives (coca paste, cocaine base) in 2011 was estimated at US$420 million, worth around 0.2 per cent of GDP. (unodc.org)
- This indicates that small-scale coca crop growers benefit very little from the lucrative cocaine business. (unodc.org)
- This was a period of time when many patent medicines contained coca leaves or cocaine (an alkaloid extracted from the leaves), the most popular was 'Vin Mariani' , invented by an Italian physician working in France, Angelo Mariani. (foodreference.com)
- Coca-Cola never contained much cocaine - and the amount was quickly reduced to almost undetectable amounts after a few years, when cocaine's negative properties started to become evident. (foodreference.com)
- Since 1929 there has been no cocaine in Coca Cola. (foodreference.com)
- Travelers should be aware that using coca leaf will cause a positive drug test result for cocaine metabolites. (cdc.gov)
- Cocaine is a very addictive drug that is made from leaves of the coca plant found in South America. (medlineplus.gov)
- In 1860, cocaine, the oldest anesthetic, was extracted from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush. (medscape.com)
- Plant, the Production of, Internation- cocaine and the derivatives of these sub- al and Wholesale Trade in, and Use of the substances of concern while en- stances. (who.int)
Emergency preparedness and response2
- Designed to be timely and concise, the COCA Now email message will inform clinicians of new CDC resources and guidance related to emergency preparedness and response. (cdc.gov)
- The COCA and HAN team focuses on emergency preparedness and response communication tailored to healthcare professionals. (medscape.com)
Bottling Company2
- Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (HBC) is one of the largest bottlers for The Coca-Cola Company in terms of volume, with sales of more than two billion units every year. (teamviewer.com)
- On October 9, 2012 at 11:48 a.m. the final 6.5 ounce returnable glass Coca Cola bottle, in a bottling run of 5,880 bottles, was filled and capped at the Winona, Minnesota Coca-Cola Bottling Company. (foodreference.com)
COMPANY25
- Coca-Cola is a beverage company founded in 1892 that is best known for carbonated soft drinks. (corpwatch.org)
- Sinaltrainal, the Coca-Cola workers trade union in Colombia, says company-linked paramilitaries have killed eight workers. (corpwatch.org)
- For over 50 years, the Coca-Cola Company has led a true commitment to showcasing the unlimited potential of individuals with intellectual disabilities and the power of sport to bring people together and transform lives. (specialolympics.org)
- In 2019, our 51st year of partnership, The Coca-Cola Company leveraged the reach and relevancy of the Coca-Cola brand to activate the Special Olympics World Games in Abu Dhabi. (specialolympics.org)
- The Coca-Cola company is considering exhuming the corpse of wrestling legend Andre The Giant for use as the product's spokesman. (theonion.com)
- The Coca-Cola Company said it would stop paid social media advertising today. (adweek.com)
- The Coca-Cola Company will stop running paid ads on all social media platforms amid an industrywide call for brands to reevaluate where they spend their ad dollars . (adweek.com)
- The company is also introducing its first energy drink under the Coca-Cola brand . (cnbc.com)
- The findings of the activity have been drawn out in form of graphs and suggestions have been offered there from the Coca-Cola Company is the world 's largest beverage company, largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world and is one of the largest corporations in the United States. (ipl.org)
- The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Smith Pemberton in 1886. (ipl.org)
- The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. (ipl.org)
- The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. (ipl.org)
- The Coca-Cola Company is headquarter Coca-Cola has sold more than one billion servings every day. (ipl.org)
- In the United States, one business has helped to define their culture, the Coca-Cola Company. (ipl.org)
- Mailing address: The Coca Cola Company, PO. (mrc.org)
- John Styth Pemberton, the Atlanta pharmacist who created Coca-Cola, sold a 2/3 interest in his company in 1887 for $283.29. (foodreference.com)
- The site where Coca Cola was first bottled in Mississippi is now the Biedenharn Candy Company Museum. (foodreference.com)
- The Coca-Cola Company will only act to remedy these multiple human rights violations when it feels that the brand name is threatened by public exposure of its record. (nationofchange.org)
- Every day, millions of people around the world reach for an ice cold Coca-Cola," said Marcos de Quinto, Chief Marketing Officer, The Coca-Cola Company. (businesswire.com)
- There is nothing quite like the taste of an ice-cold Coca-Cola," said Rodolfo Echeverria, Vice President, Global Creative, Connections & Digital, The Coca-Cola Company. (businesswire.com)
- Among the highlights of her talk was he experiences with The Coca-Cola Company. (ucf.edu)
- Prior to joining The Coca-Cola Company, Gearhart held various positions in general management and marketing at Motorola Corporation and Black and Decker Corporation. (ucf.edu)
- We want to make a symbolic protest against a tax that punishes our company and stigmatizes our products' Coca-Cola said. (industryweek.com)
- Coca-Cola Enterprises' global president John Brock's visit to the site at Pennes-Mirabeau near the Mediterranean city of Marseille for the plant's 40th anniversary has been cancelled, the company said. (industryweek.com)
- We have been writing and commenting, and did a one-hour Cable TV Program, on the corruption in the case against The Coca-Cola Company, in Chicago's notorious federal district court. (rense.com)
20231
- A large-scale implementation in another six warehouses took place in 2019, the same year the first pilot started, to a total of 29 warehouses in 2022 with at least another 5 planned go-lives in 2023, making vision picking Coca-Cola HBC's new standard warehousing technology. (teamviewer.com)
South America3
- Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. (wikipedia.org)
- Different early-Holocene peoples in different areas of South America independently transformed Erythroxylum gracilipes plants into quotidian stimulant and medicinal crops now collectively called Coca. (wikipedia.org)
- Archaeobotanical evidence show that Coca crops have been grown for well over 8,000 years in South America. (wikipedia.org)
Clinicians4
- COCA prepares clinicians to respond to emerging health threats and public health emergencies by communicating relevant, timely information related to disease outbreaks, disasters, terrorism events, and other health alerts. (cdc.gov)
- COCA partners with national medical and public health organizations to ensure that clinicians have timely, credible, and accurate information needed to provide care. (cdc.gov)
- COCA Now emails will be sent as soon as possible after CDC publishes new content, ensuring clinicians are kept up to date. (cdc.gov)
- Commander Ibad Khan (United States Public Health Service), who leads the COCA and HAN teams at CDC, answers questions about their mission, approach to communicating with clinicians in times of uncertainty, and lessons learned from more than 15 years of emergency response work. (medscape.com)
Plastic polluter1
- Coca-Cola was ranked the world's No 1 plastic polluter after its beverage bottles were the most frequently found discarded on beaches, rivers, parks and other litter sites in over 50 countries. (corpwatch.org)
Beverages3
- There are 90 employees in the union bargaining unit, all of which work in the syrup production facility, the key ingredient in Coca-Cola beverages. (prnewswire.com)
- Coca-Cola has, over the years, diversified their inventory of beverages in order to suit current tastes and this plant is no different. (prnewswire.com)
- Coca Cola launched the competition using the crowd-sourcing platform HeroX, and according to their website they are seeking "a naturally sourced, safe, low- or no-calorie compound that creates the taste sensation of sugar when used in beverages. (nationofchange.org)
Bottler1
- We already represent other employees of Coca-Cola at an independent bottler of Coca Cola products, and we have experience negotiating contracts in this industry. (prnewswire.com)
Selling coca leaf1
- The average net income from coca of a farmer selling coca leaf is close to $2 per day, close to the threshold of extreme poverty set by the international community. (unodc.org)
Sodas1
- In addition to Coca-Cola, other sodas such as Sprite, Fanta and Powerade are made at this facility. (prnewswire.com)
Cultivation6
- Earlier this year, a report from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy showed that a massive aerial spraying offensive last year failed to reduce the area of coca under cultivation in Colombia. (mongabay.com)
- The area under coca crop cultivation in Colombia rose 3 per cent in 2011 to 64,000 hectares (ha), up by 2,000 ha compared with 2010. (unodc.org)
- The 2011 survey shows that while the area used for coca leaf cultivation decreased in 14 of the 24 departments of Colombia, that trend did not offset increases in 6 other departments. (unodc.org)
- Almost two-thirds (62 per cent) of coca cultivation was concentrated in only 4 departments - Nariño, Putumayo and Cauca bordering Ecuador to the west and Guaviare to the south - but all witnessed an increase in cultivation. (unodc.org)
- The number of households involved in coca cultivation fell 2 per cent from 63,660 in 2010 to 62,400 in 2011. (unodc.org)
- UNODC has supported the Government of Colombia in monitoring coca cultivation since 1999. (unodc.org)
Introduces New1
- Coca-Cola introduces new 100% recycled bottle in US, but is it. (nationofchange.org)
Paste1
- Chemistry and toxicology of coca pastes and coca paste cigarettes smoking / Qu'imica y toxicolog'ia de las pastas de coca y del fumado de cigarrillos de pasta de coca / Teobaldo Llosa R. (who.int)
Taste6
- The taste of the the Coca-Cola-owned brand is governed by a complex algorithm that allows for the 600+ juice flavors to be tweaked throughout the year to ensure consistency. (kottke.org)
- This product is suitable for vegetarians/vegans.Coca-Cola Original Taste has been refreshing people around the world since 1886 - Great Coke taste - Only natural flavours - No added preservatives Serve ice cold for maximum refreshment. (waitrose.com)
- A feeling that some people may not have felt in a while, but one that is as familiar as the taste of Coca-Cola. (ogilvy.com)
- Today at an event in Paris, the Company's Chief Marketing Officer, Marcos de Quinto, revealed a new 'One Brand' global marketing strategy that, for the first time ever, unites Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Light/Diet Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero, and Coca-Cola Life under the iconic Coca-Cola brand positioning in one global creative campaign, "Taste the Feeling. (businesswire.com)
- Underscores the Company's commitment to choice , allowing consumers to choose whichever Coca-Cola suits their taste, lifestyle, and diet. (businesswire.com)
- Added de Quinto: "More than ever, we recognize people want their Coca-Cola in different ways, but whichever one they want, they want a Coca-Cola brand with great taste and uplifting refreshment. (businesswire.com)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Coca. (who.int)
19991
- Two more returning Ig Nobel Prize winners have joined the lineup for the 21st First Annual Ig Nobel Prize ceremony on Thursday night: Deborah Anderson [pictured here, delivering her acceptance speech] (2009 chemistry prize for testing whether Coca-Cola is an effective spermicide) Hyuk Ho Kwon (1999 environmental protection prize, for inventing the self-perfuming business suit). (improbable.com)
World's1
- Extends the global equity and iconic appeal of original Coca-Cola across the Trademark, uniting the Coca-Cola family under the world's number one beverage brand. (businesswire.com)
Partner Organizations1
- Members of the media, clinical partner organizations , and COCA subscribers also receive these alerts. (medscape.com)
Markets5
- Coca-Cola Application is operating only in European Markets. (google.com)
- Coca-Cola China is banking on the popularity of digital e-commerce in the country to introduce its second local sports drink BodyArmor to consumers via its Tmall store, along with other products only found in other global markets thus far. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- It has launched its Coca-Cola Plus Coffee drink in more than 20 markets. (cnbc.com)
- In their constant battle with Pepsi over market share, Coca Cola puts a lot of emphasis on brand recognition in and attempt to increase the sales of existing products in existing markets. (ipl.org)
- Coca-Cola has reported a higher-than-expected profit in the third quarter as sales increased in both its domestic and international markets. (bbc.com)
Leaf5
- Coca-Cola used coca leaf extract in its products from 1885 until about 1903, when it began using decocainized leaf extract. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent studies show that the coca leaf yield per hectare has decreased, probably because farmers are cutting back on fertilizers and agro-chemicals. (unodc.org)
- The annual survey supported by UNODC is mainly based on data derived from satellite imagery and field surveys to measure the production of coca leaf. (unodc.org)
- Many natural products, including coca leaf, garlic, Ginkgo biloba , and vitamin E, have been promoted for preventing or treating altitude illness. (cdc.gov)
- Coca leaf, chewed or made into tea, has been used for altitude illness, but no strong evidence has shown that it works or that it has adverse effects. (cdc.gov)
Content1
- Coca-Cola's decision comes at the end of a long week in which companies announced they would stop advertising on Facebook because of the platform's policies on rooting out misinformation and hateful content. (adweek.com)
Guidance1
- How does the COCA and HAN team share the latest CDC guidance with healthcare professionals? (medscape.com)
18862
- Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by John S. Pemberton in his backyard. (ipl.org)
- The first Coca-Cola was sold on May 8, 1886 at a soda fountain in Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, either by Pemberton himself, or by clerk Willis Venable. (foodreference.com)
VitaminWater2
- VitaminWater (aka Glaceau VitaminWater) is owned by Coca-Cola-it's founder, Michael Repole, sold it to Coke for $4.1 billion in 2007 and Repole's recently made headlines for his interest in owning a stake in the NY Mets. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
- Coca-Cola has agreed to settle a series of 'copycat' lawsuits accusing it of deceptively marketing Vitaminwater. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Bolivia2
- coca (Bolivian or Huánuco Coca) - well adapted to the eastern Andes of Peru and Bolivia, an area of humid, tropical, montane forest. (wikipedia.org)
- Bolivia and coca : a study in dependency / James Painter. (who.int)
Organizations1
- We are proud to help promote the incredibly valuable contributions Special Olympics athletes bring to organizations like Coca-Cola. (specialolympics.org)
Coke2
- This shows that even though Coke has a lot of quantity they still deliver at continuous quantity (World of Coca-Cola). (ipl.org)
- John DeCamp, in a position reportedly to understand a few things about Coca-Cola and the CIA and the Chicago federal judges, withdrew from the newly started case against Coke, in July, 1997. (rense.com)
Colombia4
- ipadu (Amazonian Coca) - cultivated in the lowland Amazon Basin in Peru and Colombia. (wikipedia.org)
- Coca-Cola has been accused of over-extraction of groundwater in India and Mexico and of abusing workers's rights in Colombia, Guatemala, Russia and Turkey. (corpwatch.org)
- Colombia is a leading producer of coca and much of the country's coca is grown by poor farmers because it generates more income than any other crop. (mongabay.com)
- In March 2005, the Associated Press reported that large-scale coca production was moving into the extensive rainforests of the Chocó state, a biodiversity hotspot in northwest Colombia. (mongabay.com)
Syrup2
- After many years of not being heard, the employees of Coca-Cola Lehigh Valley syrup plant finally have a voice," said Dan Rice , an employee for the past 16 years. (prnewswire.com)
- Estimates are the syrup contained 1 part in 50 million - that would be about 1/2 ounce in 25 million gallons of Coca Cola). (foodreference.com)
Grown1
- truxillense (Trujillo Coca) - grown primarily in the Cajamarca and Amazonas states in Peru, including for the Empresa Nacional de la Coca S.A. and export by Coca-Cola for beverage flavoring. (wikipedia.org)
Subscribers1
- COCA provides subscribers information on current health issues and emerging threats. (cdc.gov)
Emails1
- Get emails about upcoming COCA Calls, training resources, and other public health updates. (cdc.gov)
Appeal1
- How did Coca-Cola appeal to its consumers? (ipl.org)
Earnings3
Refreshment1
- Coca-Cola brings moments of joy and refreshment to our athletes in Abu Dhabi. (specialolympics.org)
Stake1
- Riding on the 'clean label' sports nutrition movement, beverage giant Coca-Cola announced that it is acquiring a minority stake in BodyArmor, structured to lead to a full acquisition. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Caffeine2
- One 12 ounce can of Coca Cola contains approximately 45 mg. of caffeine. (foodreference.com)
- This is a powerful investment behind all Coca-Cola products, showing how everyone can enjoy the specialness of an ice-cold Coca-Cola, with or without calories, with or without caffeine. (businesswire.com)
Medicinal1
- Remember, Coca-Cola was originally marketed for its medicinal qualities. (foodreference.com)
Recognize1
- The dilution theory is simply that if similar marks are allowed (not just this one but many others in other fields), the Coca-Cola mark will bring to people's minds those other marks, even if they consciously recognize that Coca-Cola hasn't endorsed those marks. (reason.com)
Close2
- Full integration into the backend system was achieved through a close collaboration between TeamViewer and Coca-Cola HBC's system integrator. (teamviewer.com)
- At the close of each commercial, the family of Coca-Cola trademark products unite as one under the famous red Coca-Cola disc. (businesswire.com)
Products2
- They have also implemented diversification by releasing new products in new market areas, as attested to by the video which stated that Coca Cola has over 500 brands worldwide, with only 70 in the US. (ipl.org)
- The new 'One Brand' approach will share the equity of Coca-Cola, across all Coca-Cola Trademark products, reinforcing our commitment to offer consumers choice with more clarity. (businesswire.com)
Lawsuit1
- Remember the Coca-Cola Vitamin Water class action lawsuit ? (lawyersandsettlements.com)
Brand2
- Beverage brand development guru James Tonkin has warned wannabe entrepreneurs that going up against established brands such as Red Bull and Coca-Cola without some kind of 'silo vertical' protection is fruitless. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
- The creative campaign is anchored in the fundamentals of the Coca-Cola brand - the Spencerian script, the red disc and the iconic glass bottle - but with a modern take, featuring authentic and real moments with the product at center stage. (businesswire.com)
Global5
- As a founding partner and global sponsor of Special Olympics, Coca-Cola has been at the forefront of the movement to celebrate the limitless potential of individuals with intellectual disabilities and the power of sport to bring people together and, ultimately, transform lives. (specialolympics.org)
- Coca-Cola is a global corporation they don't give a shit who's buying or drinking it as long as the $$$ are pouring in. (motionographer.com)
- The release of 'Zero' was first announced by ADOR last week, along with news of NewJeans' new global ambassadorship with Coca-Cola. (nme.com)
- Universal McCann global chief strategy officer Hamish Kinniburgh tells Beet.TV in this video interview how his agency did so for Coca Cola during the recent soccer World Cup. (beet.tv)
- Coca-Cola gathered global creative minds from 10 different agencies to begin the development process, and ultimately the 10 Television Commercials created for the campaign were produced by the following 4: Mercado-McCann, Sra. (businesswire.com)
Leaves2
- Each acre of requires clearing of roughly four acres of forest while the dumping of chemicals used to process coca leaves (including kerosene, sulfuric acid, acetone, and carbide) pollutes local waterways. (mongabay.com)
- It was originally formulated with extracts of coca leaves and kola nuts. (foodreference.com)
Website1
- For an additional laugh, here's what's on Coke's website-on their "Coca-Cola Journey" section-in response to the initial class action filing. (lawyersandsettlements.com)
Food2
- Poor farmers are clearing forest to plant coca seedlings while hunting local wildlife for food. (mongabay.com)
- France's food and drink association ANIA said however it understood Coca-Cola's decision. (industryweek.com)
Journey2
- This starting point was deemed a success with convincing results that led to an immediate ramp up of Coca-Cola HBC's AR journey. (teamviewer.com)
- "Break Up" ( Santo ) follows the journey of a young couple's romance from the first date and early feelings of excitement and love to an explosive break-up and ultimate reconciliation over an ice-cold Coca-Cola. (businesswire.com)
Years3
- Coca-Cola's partnership with Special Olympics has progressed over the years, built on a foundational belief in social inclusion and acceptance. (specialolympics.org)
- Coca-Cola has been working for several years to improve its North American business, chief executive Muhtar Kent told investors on a conference call. (bbc.com)
- Several years later in 1899, Benjamin Thomas and Joseph Whitehead, two Chattanooga lawyers, obtained rights to bottle Coca Cola in most of the U.S., except for Mississippi, New England and certain areas in Texas. (foodreference.com)
Listeners1
- Meanwhile, Coca-Cola representatives remarked that through the new collaboration, listeners would be able to "feel the thrill of the moment you meet Coca-Cola Zero. (nme.com)
Partners1
- Find information on upcoming training and conference opportunities from federal agencies or COCA Partners. (cdc.gov)
Crisis1
- How Coca-Cola and climate change created a public health crisis in. (nationofchange.org)
Atlanta1
- ATLANTA-The Coca-Cola Corporation held a press conference yesterday to announce that its soft drinks will soon be available exclusively in 30-liter plastic bottles. (theonion.com)
Bottles2
- Coca-Cola accounts for 3.3 million tons of plastic packaging annually, which roughly accounts for 200,000 bottles every minute. (nationofchange.org)
- Coca-Cola has increased their use of single-use plastic bottles over the last decade. (nationofchange.org)
Collaboration2
Health1
- September 19, 2005: Ecuador asked the United Nations to pursue research on the health implications of using glyphosate in their coca eradication efforts. (mongabay.com)
Plant2
- The coca plant resembles a blackthorn bush, and grows to a height of 2 to 3 m (7 to 10 ft). (wikipedia.org)
- Coca-Cola on Sept. 8 postponed planned $24-million investment at a plant in the south of France to protest a new tax on sugary drinks. (industryweek.com)