Cobalt radioisotopes. Medical search

Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes.

A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of zinc that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Zn atoms with atomic weights 60-63, 65, 69, 71, and 72 are radioactive zinc isotopes.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of krypton that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Kr atoms with atomic weights 74-77, 79, 81, 85, and 87-94 are radioactive krypton isotopes.

Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope.

Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.

The spontaneous transformation of a nuclide into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by either the emission of particles from the nucleus, nuclear capture or ejection of orbital electrons, or fission. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Unstable isotopes of barium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ba atoms with atomic weights 126-129, 131, 133, and 139-143 are radioactive barium isotopes.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

Unstable isotopes of mercury that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Hg atoms with atomic weights 185-195, 197, 203, 205, and 206 are radioactive mercury isotopes.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

Stable cesium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cesium, but differ in atomic weight. Cs-133 is a naturally occurring isotope.

Unstable isotopes of cerium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ce atoms with atomic weights 132-135, 137, 139, and 141-148 are radioactive cerium isotopes.

Hafnium. A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of gold that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Au 185-196, 198-201, and 203 are radioactive gold isotopes.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.

Any diagnostic evaluation using radioactive (unstable) isotopes. This diagnosis includes many nuclear medicine procedures as well as radioimmunoassay tests.

Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic weights 103-105, 107, 109, 115, and 117-119 are radioactive cadmium isotopes.

Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (IMMUNOTOXINS) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (see RADIOTHERAPY).

Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

Lutetium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

Rhenium. A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.2, symbol Re. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Samarium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.

A type of high-energy radiotherapy using a beam of gamma-radiation produced by a radioisotope source encapsulated within a teletherapy unit.

Unstable isotopes of bromine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Br atoms with atomic weights 74-78, 80, and 82-90 are radioactive bromine isotopes.

Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.

A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.

Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of 8 days, and emits beta and gamma rays. It is used as a diagnostic aid in blood volume determination. (from Merck Index, 11th ed)

Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.

Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of ruthenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ru atoms with atomic weights 93-95, 97, 103, and 105-108 are radioactive ruthenium isotopes.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.

Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability.

A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

A specialty field of radiology concerned with diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative use of radioactive compounds in a pharmaceutical form.

RSR13, an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, and carbogen radiosensitize FSAII and SCCVII tumours in C3H mice. (1/346)

Pre-clinical evaluation has demonstrated that 2-[4-(((3,5-dimethylanilino)carbonyl)methyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropi onic acid (RSR13) acts as an allosteric effector of haemoglobin (Hb). RSR13 binding to Hb results in decreased haemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) affinity, improved tumour oxygenation, and enhanced radiation-induced cell killing in several experimental tumour systems. In the present work, ex vivo clonogenic survival analyses are applied in two murine tumour systems to characterize the relationship between the magnitude of decrease in Hb-O2 affinity and radiosensitization, the influence of inspired pO2 upon this effect, and the efficacy of combining RSR13 and radiation during a course of repeated radiation exposures. For FSaII tumours in C3H mice breathing air, 100 mg kg(-1) RSR13 administered intraperitoneally produced an enhancement ratio (ER) of 1.3, but there was marked desensitization at a RSR13 dose of 300 mg kg(-1) (ER 0.6). The most likely reason for the increased radioresistance was insufficient oxygen loading of Hb in the pulmonary circulation due to reduced haemoglobin-oxygen affinity because carbogen breathing combined with 300 mg kg(-1) RSR13 reversed the effect and produced an ER of 1.8. In SCCVII tumours in C3H mice irradiated with eight fractions of 2.5 Gy over 4 days, the surviving fraction was reduced to 58-67% of control values when RSR13 was combined with radiation on days 1 and 2, days 3 and 4, or days 1-4. These results confirm that combining RSR13 and irradiation within a fractionated course of clinically relevant low-dose exposures provides significant radiosensitization. Additional preclinical experimentation is needed to define better the optimum dose-scheduling conditions for clinical applications. (+info)

Genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive mutations in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. (2/346)

The linkage of two mutations leading to increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light and 60Co gamma rays was determined in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum using a genetic analysis based on the parasexual cycle. Diploids were selected from a mixture of radiation-sensitive, temperature-resistant and radiation-resistant, temperature-sensitive haploids on the basis of simultaneous radiation and temperature resistance. Analysis of drug-resistant haploid segregants of the heterozygous diploids indicated that one of the radiation-sensitive mutations, radA20, was linked to linkage group I whereas the other, radB13, was linked to the recently defined linkage group VI. (+info)

Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. (3/346)

Acute radiation exposure of humans was observed to induce various forms of cytogenetic damage, including increased frequencies of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations. However, the cytogenetic effects of chronic low dose radiation exposure in vivo needs further characterization. Sixteen subjects with chronic low dose rates of gamma-radiation exposure from 60Co-contaminated steel in radioactive buildings were compared with seven non-exposed reference subjects for micronucleus frequencies after they relocated. By in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled anti-alpha all human centromere probe, the exposed subjects were shown to have a significant increase in cytochalasin B-modulated micronucleus (CBMN) frequencies, as well as a significant increase in centromere-positive (C+) CBMN, centromere-negative (C-) CBMN, total C+signals, single C+ MN signals and multiple C+ signals/1000 binucleated cells (BN). However, decreases in the ratios C+MN/C- MN and C+MN/total CBMN (%) were also noted in the exposed subjects. By mixed effects analysis, considering individuals from the same families, the C- MN and single C+ MN/1000 BN were both positively and moderately associated with previous cumulative exposure. When the time period of relocation post-exposure (relocation time or RT) was considered, total C+MN and multiple C+MN/1000 BN were negatively and significantly associated with RT. Moreover, the C+MN, C- MN, C+MN/C- MN ratio and single C+MN/1000 BN were all negatively and moderately associated with RT, but not with exposure dose. This suggested that acentromeric and single or multiple centromeric CBMN cytogenetic damage seems to disappear differentially in human subjects post chronic low dose radiation exposure. (+info)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. (4/346)

The effects of combined administration of two drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, namely dipyridamole (DP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on hemopoietic stem cells in vivo were investigated. The experiments were performed on mice using the endogenous spleen colony formation in gamma-irradiated animals as an endpoint. The results have shown that DP and AMP act additively with G-CSF to enhance spleen colony formation and thus the erythroid repopulation of the spleen. These findings indicate that the signaling pathways of G-CSF and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine can interact at the level of primitive hemopoietic stem cells. The enhancement of hemopoiesis-stimulating effects of G-CSF by DP and AMP, which are low-priced and clinically available drugs, could improve the cost-effectiveness of the therapy with G-CSF. (+info)

Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles. (5/346)

As part of a study of the effects of low-level radiation, 1,343 Beagles, including 671 males and 672 females, were evaluated over their full lifetime for the occurrence of mammary neoplasia; there were 139 control males and 138 control females and 532 irradiated males and 534 irradiated females. All nodules found in surgical specimens or at necropsy were evaluated histologically. The overall incidence, metastasis and recurrence rates, and contribution to mortality of mammary neoplasms were determined. Based on this unique opportunity to correlate morphologic characteristics with ultimate biological behavior of all mammary tumors in a defined canine population, we propose a histogenetically based reclassification of epithelial mammary tumors. Of the 672 female dogs, 70.8% (476) had at least one mammary neoplasm; 60.7% (408) had more than one. Two male dogs had mammary neoplasms. Of 1,639 mammary carcinomas in the 672 females, 18.7% (307) were classified as ductular carcinomas (arising from the small interlobular or intralobular ductules), whereas 80.7% (1,322) were classified as adenocarcinomas of other histogenetic origin. Of 73 fatal carcinomas, ductular carcinomas accounted for 48 fatalities (65.8%), whereas other adenocarcinomas accounted for only 20 fatalities (27.4%). Radiation had no effect on this ratio. Ductular carcinomas also had a higher rate of metastasis than did adenocarcinomas. Existing classifications of mammary carcinomas do not recognize the characteristic morphologic features, the degree of malignancy, and the prognostic importance of these ductular carcinomas. Metastasis rates did not differ between simple and complex carcinomas or between those lesions and adenocarcinomas in mixed tumors. True carcinosarcomas metastasized more frequently (100%, or 5/5) than did adenocarcinomas in mixed tumors (34.4%, or 22/64), emphasizing the importance of not lumping these tumors under the classification of malignant mixed tumors. (+info)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate on hematopoietic injury by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in Wistar rats. (6/346)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate (ST) on 60Co gamma-ray induced decrease in hematocrit value and in survival rate in Wistar strain male rats were examined. A long-term administration of ST (less than 150 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60-300 days had no significant effects on body and organs weights and survival days. The LD50/60 in 20 weeks old rats was 220 mg/kg body weight/day. Daily administration of 38, 75 or 150 mg from 7 days before and after irradiation to 60 days significantly mitigated the decrease in hematocrit values, especially at 23 days after irradiation (P < 0.05). The highest mitigation rate of the decrease in hematocrit value was observed in rats administered at a dose of 38 mg ST/day. Simultaneously, a dose of 38 mg ST/day inhibited lethal effect of 60Co gamma-rays significantly. The dose-reduction factor for survival of 38 mg ST administered rats was 1.14. (+info)

Base substitution spectra of nalidixylate resistant mutations induced by monochromatic soft X and 60Co gamma-rays in Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/346)

Bacillus subtilis spores were exposed to three types of photons, monochromatic soft X-rays with the energy corresponding to the absorption peak of phosphorus K-shell electron (2,153 eV) and with the slightly lower energy (2,147 eV), and 60Co gamma-rays. From the irradiated spores, 233 mutants exhibiting nalidixic acid resistance were isolated, and together with 94 spontaneous mutants, the sequence changes in the 5'-terminal region of the gyrA gene coding for DNA gyrase subunit A were determined. Among eighteen alleles of the gyrA mutations, eight were single-base substitutions, nine were tandem double-base substitutions, and one was a double substitution skipping a middle base pair. About 6% of the radiation-induced mutations were tandem double-base substitutions, whereas none was observed among the spontaneous ones. Among spontaneous mutations, A:T and G:C pairs were equally subjected to mutations, whereas the substitutions from G:C pairs and those to A:T pairs predominated among those induced with soft X-rays. The peak-energy X-rays were more effective in killing and causing mutations than the low-energy X-rays, however, there seemed no base-change events uniquely attributable to phosphorus K-shell absorption. (+info)

Syrian hamster dermal cell immortalization is not enhanced by power line frequency electromagnetic field exposure. (8/346)

Several epidemiological studies have suggested associations between exposure to residential power line frequency electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia, and between occupational exposure and adult leukaemia. A variety of in vitro studies have provided limited supporting evidence for the role of such exposures in cancer induction in the form of acknowledged cellular end points, such as enhanced mutation rate and cell proliferation, though the former is seen only with extremely high flux density exposure or with co-exposure to ionizing radiation. However, in vitro experiments on a scale large enough to detect rare cancer-initiating events, such as primary cell immortalization following residential level exposures, have not thus far been reported. In this study, large cultures of primary Syrian hamster dermal cells were continuously exposed to power line frequency electromagnetic fields of 10 100 and 1000 microT for 60 h, with and without prior exposure to a threshold (1.5 Gy), or sub-threshold (0.5 Gy), immortalizing dose of ionizing radiation. Electromagnetic field exposure alone did not immortalize these cells at a detectable frequency (> or = 1 x 10(-7)); furthermore, such exposure did not enhance the frequency of ionizing radiation-induced immortalization. (+info)

... is the center of a region where nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, palladium and coal are mined. Mineral deposits in the ... The list cites air pollution by particulates, including radioisotopes strontium-90, and caesium-137; the metals nickel, copper ... cobalt, and lead; selenium; and by gases (such as nitrogen and carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, phenols and hydrogen sulfide). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norilsk

Radium has been replaced by much cheaper cobalt-60 and other radioisotopes in radiation treatment. Noncorroding lead as a cable ... Cobalt had been in an iffy supply status ever since the Belgian Congo (world's only significant source of cobalt) was given a ... While the cobalt supply was disrupted and the price shot up, nickel and other substitutes were pressed into service. Following ... An important way of getting around a cobalt situation or a "Resource War" situation is to use substitutes for a material in its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics

In addition to cobalt-60, MDS Nordion also produces radioisotopes that are essential in diagnostic therapy. Some can be mixed ... About 85% of the world's medical and industrial cobalt-60 is produced in Canada. The medical-use cobalt-60 is produced in the ... in these units some adjuster rods are made of cobalt-59 for this purpose). Furthermore, over half the cobalt-60 therapy ... Canada pioneered the cobalt-60 cancer therapy technology that became standard medical practice throughout the world (the first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_industry_in_Canada

The facilities also include a Hot Cell and high-activity cobalt source and high level radioisotope laboratories. Researchers ... The MNR also produces half of the world's supply of iodine-125, a radioisotope that is used to treat various types of cancer. ... Commercial activities include radioisotope production and neutron radiography. ... reactor physics experiments and radioisotopes for tracers and counting experiments. Graduate studies use neutron beams for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMaster_Nuclear_Reactor

The longest-lived radioisotope is 73As has a half-life of 80 days. Arsenic has been proposed as a "salting" material for ... nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A jacket of 75As, irradiated by the intense highenergy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_arsenic

Embalse produces the cobalt-60 radioisotope, which is employed in medicine (cancer therapy) and industrial applications. ... www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-medicine.aspx ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embalse_Nuclear_Power_Station

A radiotherapy machine may have roughly 1000 Ci of a radioisotope such as caesium-137 or cobalt-60. This quantity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie_(unit)

Many labs have stopped performing the Schilling test, due to lack of production of the cobalt radioisotopes and labeled-B12 ... using different cobalt radioisotopes 57Co and 58Co, which have different radiation signatures, in order to differentiate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilling_test

The X-10 reactor at Oak Ridge was used to produce radioisotopes such as cobalt-60, phosphorus-32, sulfur-35, and carbon-14. As ... A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine (University of Chicago Press, 2013) on the use of radioisotopes in science ... Natural radioisotopes were used as tracers to track atoms and illuminate biological processes in living creatures and ... Bud, Robert (August 2015). "Angela N. H. Creager, Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine". Social ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_N._H._Creager

... the division developed one of the first teletherapy units that used the radioisotope cobalt-60 to destroy cancerous tumours. ... Nordion supplies cobalt-60, the isotope that produces the gamma radiation required to destroy harmful micro-organisms. The ... Soon after, the division was given responsibility for selling radioisotopes produced by the newly established nuclear research ... and for cobalt-60 sources and industrial food irradiators. The Nordion Gamma Centre of Excellence (GCE) is a gamma irradiation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordion

Cobalt-60 Production: The least complex of current uses of the Advanced Test Reactor is the production of the 60Co radioisotope ... Disks of cobalt-59 1 mm -diameter by 1 mm thick are inserted into the reactor (Static Capsule Experiment), which bombards the ... cobalt-60 (60Co) for medical applications. HSA 60Co is used primarily in gamma knife treatment of brain cancer. Other medical ... sample with neutrons, producing cobalt-60. Approximately 200 kilocuries (7,400 TBq) are produced per year, entirely for medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Test_Reactor

... is usually reserved for photons that are emitted from a radioisotope such as cobalt-60 (see below). Such radiation is not ... Cyberknife may be compared to Gamma Knife therapy (see above), but it does not use gamma rays emitted by radioisotopes. It also ... The success of this first unit led to the construction of a second device, containing 179 cobalt-60 sources. This second Gamma ... In 1982, the Spanish neurosurgeon J. Barcia-Salorio began to evaluate the role of cobalt-generated and then Linac-based photon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiosurgery

The use of radio isotopes for diagnostics was also introduced. Chemotherapy also became a treatment option. In 1960 the use of ... Cancer patients were provided with a new option, radiation therapy, through what was popularly known as the "Cobalt Bomb", ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_20th-century_Canada

It is emitted by a radioisotope, usually cobalt-60 (60Co) or caesium-137 (137Cs), which have photon energies of up to 1.3 and ... non-water-soluble cobalt-60. Cobalt-60 gamma photons have about twice the energy, and hence greater penetrating range, of ... Use of a radioisotope requires shielding for the safety of the operators while in use and in storage. With most designs, the ... Subatomic particles may be more or less penetrating and may be generated by a radioisotope or a device, depending upon the type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

... which then decays to radioactive cobalt-56 (half-life 77 days). These radioisotopes excite the surrounding material to ... The visual light curve continues to decline at a rate slightly greater than the decay rate of the radioactive cobalt (which has ... This luminosity is generated by the radioactive decay of nickel-56 through cobalt-56 to iron-56. The peak luminosity of the ... Fields, B. D.; Hochmuth, K. A.; Ellis, J. (2005). "Deep‐Ocean Crusts as Telescopes: Using Live Radioisotopes to Probe Supernova ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova

In 1939 he pioneered the non-medical use of radioisotopes in New Zealand, and conducted a series of experiments to determine ... the role of cobalt in animal metabolism. With the outbreak of World War II Marsden was given the title of Director of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Marsden

His department subsequently developed one of the world's first radioisotope scanners. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal ... inventor of the cobalt-60 teletherapy unit, that Johns was prompted to go into medical physics. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Valentine_Mayneord

Gamma irradiation is produced from the radioisotopes cobalt-60 and caesium-137, which are derived by neutron bombardment of ... Cobalt-60 is the most common source of gamma rays for food irradiation in commercial scale facilities as it is water insoluble ... As for transportation of the radiation source, cobalt-60 is transported in special trucks that prevent release of radiation and ... Additionally, gamma irradiation is significantly less expensive than using an X-ray source In most designs, the radioisotope, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation

As well as their use for electricity, Candu power reactors produce almost all the world's supply of the cobalt-60 radioisotope ... Cobalt is mined like any other mineral. It's removed from the ground and processed into pure Cobalt-59 powder. Once processed ... Following the harvest, new rods of Cobalt-59 (becomes Cobalt-60 after up to two years in the reactor) were inserted in Unit ... where the cobalt is activated by absorbing neutrons to become Cobalt-60. The rods are in the reactor for a minimum of one year ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Nuclear_Generating_Station

... beams are an on-off technology that provide a much higher dose rate than gamma or X-rays emitted by radioisotopes like cobalt- ... The reliability, flexibility and accuracy of the radiation beam produced has largely supplanted the older use of cobalt-60 ... radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_accelerator

The chemistry is based upon the interaction of caesium and strontium with polyethylene glycol and a cobalt carborane anion ( ... it is designed to completely remove the most troublesome radioisotopes (Sr, Cs and minor actinides) from the raffinate ... known as chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide). The actinides are extracted by CMPO, and the diluent is a polar aromatic such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing

... or occasionally gamma-rays from a radioisotope like cobalt-60) are directed at the tumour from outside the body. Brachytherapy ... Cobalt needles were also used briefly after World War II. Radon and cobalt were replaced by radioactive tantalum and gold, ... The capsule may be removed later, or (with some radioisotopes) it may be allowed to remain in place. A feature of brachytherapy ... Brachytherapy contrasts with unsealed source radiotherapy, in which a therapeutic radionuclide (radioisotope) is injected into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachytherapy

Other than radioisotope production, the NRU provides irradiation services for nuclear materials and fuels testing, as well as ... Canada also pioneered use of cobalt-60 for medical diagnosis in 1951 and currently the NRU reactor produces the medical-use ... In addition, AECL manufactures nuclear medicine radioisotopes for supply to MDS Nordion in Ottawa, Ontario, and is the world's ... Official website "Why was a Chalk River reactor shut down in November 2007, causing a shortage in medical radioisotopes?" ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_Energy_of_Canada_Limited

There the cobalt would be activated by the neutron flux in the reactor and become cobalt-60, a radioisotope with a five year ... Stellite alloys are a range of cobalt-based alloys, with significant proportions of chromium (up to 33%) and tungsten (up to 18 ... Stellite is a range of cobalt-chromium alloys designed for wear resistance. The alloys may also contain tungsten or molybdenum ... The alloys also tend to have extremely high melting points due to the cobalt and chromium content. Typical applications include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellite

More recently discovered radioisotopes, such as cobalt-60 and caesium-137, are replacing radium in even these limited uses ... Currently, safer and more available radioisotopes are used instead. Uranium had no large scale application in the late 19th ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium

... radiosurgery Gamma Knife radiosurgery stereotactic radiation therapy cobalt therapy by radiation generally: radiation therapy ( ... radiation therapy Auger therapy neutron therapy fast neutron therapy neutron capture therapy of cancer by radioisotopes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy

... the use of radioisotopes such as cobalt 60, in micronutrient studies with large domestic animals, and (3) the use of low-energy ... The Radioisotope, Parts ?? - XIII PMF 5147A (195?) - The Radioisotope - Part ?? PMF 5147B (1952) - The Radioisotope - Part XII ... The Radioisotope - Part XIII: General Sciences; The radioisotope as a research tool that is adaptable to tracer investigations ... The Radioisotope, Parts I - VI PMF 5145A (1951) - The Radioisotope - Part I: Fundamentals of Radioactivity; This introduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_Medical_Film

... cesium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.212.349 - chromium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.239.354 - cobalt radioisotopes MeSH D01.496. ... cesium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.213 - chromium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.256 - cobalt radioisotopes MeSH D01.496. ... iron radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.540 - krypton radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.560 - lead radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.590 ... xenon radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.960 - yttrium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.980 - zinc radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.807.800 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D01)

Some of the 60Co was generated by activation of the cobalt in the soil, but some was also generated by the activation of the ... A paper on the radioisotopes left on an island by the French nuclear bombs tests of the 20th century has been printed by the ... A 2006 paper reports the levels of long lived radioisotopes in the trinitite. 152Eu and 154Eu was mainly formed by the neutron ... Many atomic batteries have been of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) type. The Plutonium-238 used in RTGs has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium_in_the_environment

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Radioisotopes of caesium require special precautions: the improper handling of caesium-137 gamma ray sources can lead to ... Cobaltocene, Co(C5H5)2, is a metallocene, the cobalt analogue of ferrocene. It is a dark purple solid. Cobaltocene has 19 ... All of the alkali metals except lithium and caesium have at least one naturally occurring radioisotope: sodium-22 and sodium-24 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Cobalt therapy, teletherapy machines using megavolt gamma rays emitted by cobalt-60, a radioisotope produced by irradiating ... Cobalt machines were relatively cheap, robust and simple to use, although due to its 5.27 year half-life the cobalt had to be ... A major use of systemic radioisotope therapy is in the treatment of bone metastasis from cancer. The radioisotopes travel ... Systemic radioisotope therapy (RIT) is a form of targeted therapy. Targeting can be due to the chemical properties of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... 27 radioisotopes have been observed, with the most stable ones being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.0 days, 175Yb with a half- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

Cobalt 1735 G. Brandt 1735 G. Brandt Proved that the blue color of glass is due to a new kind of metal and not bismuth as ... Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. (1947). "The chemical identification of radioisotopes of neodymium and of ... "27 Cobalt". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12.. *^ "78 Platinum". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discovery

... radioisotope Radium Radon Radon fluoride Raman spectroscopy Raoult's law Redox Reduction Reflux Reversible reaction Rhazes ... Chromite Chromium Chrysoberyl Chrysolite cinnabar Cinnabarite Citric acid Citrine quartz Clay Cleveite Coal Cobalt Coinage ... Svante Arrhenius Syenite Sylvite synthetic radioisotope systematic element name Tabun Talc Talcum Tantalite Tantalum Tanzanite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_chemistry_articles

... (131I, I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the ... The other radioisotopes of iodine are never used in brachytherapy. The use of 131I as a medical isotope has been blamed for a ... other less-damaging radioisotopes of iodine such as iodine-123 (see isotopes of iodine) are preferred in situations when only ... at a longer distance from the radioisotope). It can be seen in diagnostic scans after its use as therapy, because 131I is also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-131

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61. Ge. and 64. Ge. decay by β+. delayed proton emission.[46] 84. ... At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68. Ge ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Fourteen radioisotopes have been characterized. The most stable are 15O with a half-life of 122.24 seconds and 14O with a half- ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اکسیژن?match=en

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

Radioisotope. Emission energy (keV). Half-life. Radiopharmaceutical. Activity (MBq). Rotation (degrees). Projections. Image ... chromium-51 and cobalt-58). These may be imaged using SPECT in order to verify the presence of fuel rods in a stored fuel ... On occasion, the radioisotope is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as an isotope of gallium(III). Most of the time, though, ... SPECT is more widely available, because the radioisotope used is longer-lasting and far less expensive in SPECT, and the gamma ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_photon_emission_computed_tomography

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Thirty radioisotopes have been characterised, which range in mass number from 209[22] to 238.[20] After 232Th, the most stable ... All of these isotopes occur in nature as trace radioisotopes due to their presence in the decay chains of 232Th, 235U, 238U, ... These rely on the fact that 232Th is a primordial radioisotope, but 230Th only occurs as an intermediate decay product in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a ... Silver-containing brazing alloys are used for brazing metallic materials, mostly cobalt, nickel, and copper-based alloys, tool ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E174

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... 19 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 50Cr with a half-life of (more than) 1.8×1017 years, and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of 3.78 years.[12] It is made by the neutron activation of stable ... The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small, nontoxic amounts as an agent in a nuclear ... "Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2003. Retrieved 2010-05-13.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium

... a cobalt arsenide (CoAs3), which can function with a smaller temperature difference than the current tellurium-based designs. ... Electrostatic-boosted radioisotope heat sourcesEdit. A power enhancement for radioisotope heat sources based on a self-induced ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radioisotope thermoelectric generators.. *NASA Radioisotope Power Systems website - RTG ... Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric GeneratorEdit. NASA is developing a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

Cobalt therapy, teletherapy machines using megavolt gamma rays emitted by cobalt-60, a radioisotope produced by irradiating ... Cobalt machines were relatively cheap, robust and simple to use, although due to its 5.27 year half-life the cobalt had to be ... A major use of systemic radioisotope therapy is in the treatment of bone metastasis from cancer. The radioisotopes travel ... systemic radioisotope therapy or unsealed source radiotherapy.. The differences relate to the position of the radiation source ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotherapy

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... is also sometimes considered as a light radioisotope of hydrogen, due to the mass difference between the antimuon and the ... 5 compounds between yttrium or thorium and nickel or cobalt". Inorganic Chemistry. 13 (9): 2282-2283. doi:10.1021/ic50139a050. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E949

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... The longest-lived radioisotopes are thulium-171, which has a half-life of 1.92 years, and thulium-170, which has a half-life of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... allowing the use of radioisotope rubidium-82 in nuclear medicine to locate and image brain tumors.[50] Rubidium-82 has a very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium

In crystallography, a copper target is most common, with cobalt often being used when fluorescence from iron content in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rays

Cobalt. Nickel. Copper. Zinc. Gallium. Germanium. Arsenic. Selenium. Bromine. Krypton. Rubidium. Strontium. Yttrium. Zirconium ... The most stable radioisotopes are 107Pd with a half-life of 6.5 million years (found in nature), 103Pd with 17 days, and 100Pd ... Eighteen other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 90.94948(64) u (91Pd) to 122.93426(64) u ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... At least 26 nickel radioisotopes have been characterised, the most stable being 59. Ni with a half-life of 76,000 years, 63. Ni ... "ASM Specialty Handbook: Nickel, Cobalt, and Their Alloys. ASM International. pp. 7-13. ISBN 978-0-87170-685-0. .. ... Nickel is one of four elements (the others are iron, cobalt, and gadolinium)[7] that are ferromagnetic at approximately room ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel

Ph.D. Dissertation: Anderson, Elda E. (1941). Low Energy Levels in the Atomic Spectra of Cobalt VII and Nickel VIII. University ... Lukens Jr, H. R., Anderson, E. E., & Beaufait Jr, L. J. (1954). Punched Card System for Radioisotopes. Analytical Chemistry. 26 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elda_Emma_Anderson

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are 194. Hg with a half-life of 444 years, and 203. Hg ... Most of the remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. 199. Hg and 201. Hg are the most often studied ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... The most stable chlorine radioisotope is 36Cl. The primary decay mode of isotopes lighter than 35Cl is electron capture to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

Medical and dental x-ray imagers use of cobalt-60 or other x-ray sources. A number of radiopharmaceuticals are used, sometimes ... The radiation sources used include radioisotope gamma ray sources, X-ray generators and electron accelerators. Further ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_technology

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Thirty-six radioisotopes have been characterized, with the heaviest being terbium-171 (with atomic mass of 170.95330(86) u) and ... lightest being terbium-135 (exact mass unknown).[12] The most stable synthetic radioisotopes of terbium are terbium-158, with a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium

Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... K are foond in aw potassium, an it is the maist common radioisotope in the human bouk. ...

https://sco.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium

Nonradioactive cobalt occurs naturally in various minerals and has long been used as a blue coloring agent for ceramic and ... www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/cobalt.htmlexternal icon. ... Cobalt-60 (Co-60)plus icon *Radioisotope Brief. *Toxicological ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/isotopes/cobalt.htm

Radioisotope Brief. * Toxicological Profile. Toxicologic & adverse health effects information from the Agency for Toxic ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/isotopes/cobalt/index.htm

BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CHARGED PARTICLES; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; COBALT ISOTOPES; ... RADIOISOTOPES; SECONDS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; SILVER ISOTOPES; SODIUM ISOTOPES; THERMAL ANALYSIS; TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS; ... The compositions of the cobalt and silver-exchanged forms of synthetic zeolite Sieve A have been determined by radiochemical ... abstractNote = {The compositions of the cobalt and silver-exchanged forms of synthetic zeolite Sieve A have been determined by ...

https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/7137858

BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CHEMISTRY; COBALT ISOTOPES; DATA; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION; ... RADIOISOTOPES; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTES; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; 070205* - Radiation Sources- Industrial Applications, ... 07 ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES; CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS; WASTE PROCESSING; CHEMICAL RADIATION EFFECTS; COBALT 60; DETOXIFICATION ... MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; NUCLEI; NUMERICAL DATA; ODD-ODD NUCLEI; PROCESSING; RADIATION CHEMISTRY; RADIATION EFFECTS; ...

https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/5988081

EVALUATION OF CUPRIMINE® AND SYPRINE® FOR DECORPORATION OF RADIOISOTOPES OF CESIUM, COBALT, IRIDIUM AND STRONTIUM. Levitskaia, ...

http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/toc/2011/08000

Production possibility of copper radioisotopes from cobalt target for PET studies. Szerzők. Szelecsényi F., Kovács Z., Kazutosi ...

https://atomki.hu/apha/author/id/1991

Cobalt Radioisotopes*. Humans. Iridium Radioisotopes*. Quality Assurance, Health Care*. Radiometry / instrumentation*. Chemical ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Quality-assurance-in-brachytherapy-displacement/8248290.html

Read this full essay on Radioisotopes uses in medicine and industry - Preliminary chemistry - Research Paper. Radioisotopes in ... Cobalt-60 in Industry Apart from being used in the treatment of cancer and radiotherapy, Cobalt-60 is utilized in industry in ... Cobalt- 60 is used commonly for sterilization of spices and foods before they are distributed. It is also used for the ... Radioisotopes in Medicine and Industry Technetium-99m uses in Medicine Technetium-99m is utilized in over 20 million nuclear ...

https://ostatic.com/essays/radioisotopes-uses-in-medicine-and-industry-preliminary-chemistry-research-paper

Radioisotopes uses in medicine and industry - Preliminary chemistry - Research Paper. 511 words - 3 pages ]. Marsh, G. (2019). ... Uses of Cobalt-60. [online] Radioactive Isotopes. Available at: https://radioactiveisotopes.weebly.com/uses-of-cobalt-60.html [ ...

https://ostatic.com/essays/chemistry-review-study-guide-full-book-chemistry-a-chemistry-review

Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly ... the use of radioisotopes for diagnostics, radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals and other beneficial medical uses of nuclear ... Other medical radioisotopes. Cobalt-60 has mostly come from Candu power reactors by irradiation of Co-59 in special rods for up ... The global radioisotope market was valued at $9.6 billion in 2016, with medical radioisotopes accounting for about 80% of this ...

https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-medicine.aspx

... cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum; The other transition metals and zinc; The metalloids: arsenic, antimony, selenium, ... tellurium and boron; The new metal contaminants; The radioactive metals; Radioisotopes; The catalytic metals; The electronic ...

https://www.ebooks.com/214166/metal-contamination-of-food/reilly-conor/

Cesium Radioisotopes / therapeutic use* * Cobalt Radioisotopes / therapeutic use* * Dose Fractionation, Radiation * Endometrial ... 192 or cobalt [co] 60) were used at 5 centers, and low-dose-rate (LDR) afterloading equipment (cesium [Cs] 137) at 1 center. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19574776/?dopt=Abstract

Chemicals/CAS: Cobalt Radioisotopes; Codon; DNA Polymerase I, EC 2.7.7.-; DNA, Viral; Oxygen, 7782-44-7 ... Chemicals/CAS: DNA, 9007-49-2; oxygen, 7782-44-7; thiol derivative, 13940-21-1; Azo Compounds; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Cyclic N- ... Cobalt Radioisotopes · Codon · Coliphages · DNA Polymerase I · DNA Repair · DNA, Viral · Escherichia coli · Gamma Rays · ... Cobalt Radioisotopes · Coliphages · Cyclic N-Oxides · Cysteamine · DNA Viruses · DNA, Circular · DNA, Viral · Dose-Response ...

https://repository.tudelft.nl/search/tno/?q=subject%3A%22Bacteriophage%22

The main radioisotopes involved are strontium, cesium, and some cobalt. Cobalt has approximately a five-year half-life, but ... However, on a mass quantity and in terms of ordinary toxicology, an enormous amount of cobalt-60 would decay to such a tiny ... Also, the amount of cesium, strontium, and cobalt in fish in the Clinch River is very low. The calculated dose from eating fish ... Then there are some of the longer-lived half-lives such as cobalt-60, which can be distributed throughout the entire body. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/oakridge/orr/m2_3_04p2.html

There is only one stable isotope of cobalt, which has an atomic weight of 59. (An element may have several different forms, ... Cobalt is a naturally-occurring element that has properties similar to those of iron and nickel. It has an atomic number of 27 ... 60Co is the most important radioisotope of cobalt. It is produced by bombarding natural cobalt, 59Co, with neutrons in a ... cobalt-60 and cobalt-57, also written as Co-60 or 60Co and Co-57 or 57Co, and read as cobalt sixty and cobalt fifty-seven. All ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=371&toxid=64

Radioisotopes: Cobalt-60, Lutetium-177, Holmium-166 and Terbium-161 Irradiation facility for large volumes. (Photo: A. Voit/TUM ... At the FRM II the radioactive cobalt-60 is produced via neutron capture by the stable isotope cobalt-59. The irradiated Co ... The radioisotopes Lutetium-177, Ho-166 and Terbium-161, also produced in the reactor pool at the FRM II, serve first and ...

https://www.frm2.tum.de/en/industry-medicine/

Cobalt Absorption. Gastrointestinal Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Radiocesium Intestinal Absorption of Strontium ... use of radioisotopes to assess intestinal flux of calcium in humans; and calcium and structure of cell membranes. The ... intestinal absorption of zinc, cobalt, and strontium and absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract are underscored. ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/intestinal-absorption-of-metal-ions-trace-elements-and-radionuclides/skoryna/978-0-08-015721-4

Such radioisotopes as cobalt-60 and cesium-137 are widely used to treat cancer. They can be administered selectively to ...

https://www.britannica.com/search?query=widgie

Radioisotope Competitive Edge: Cobalt 60 Units vs. Linear Accelerators Comparative Assessment of Teletherapy Units and Linear ... Systemic Radioisotope Therapy (RIT) Radiation Therapy for Treating Oral Cancer Other Forms of Radiation Therapy Photoradiation ... Benefits of LINACs over Cobalt 60 Units Treatment Planning System: An Innovative Technique in Radiation Therapy Radiation ...

https://www.marketresearch.com/Global-Industry-Analysts-v1039/Radiation-Therapy-Equipment-10855578/

Norilsk is the center of a region where nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, palladium and coal are mined. Mineral deposits in the ... The list cites air pollution by particulates, including radioisotopes strontium-90, and caesium-137; the metals nickel, copper ... cobalt, and lead; selenium; and by gases (such as nitrogen and carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, phenols and hydrogen sulfide). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norilsk

Vitamin B 12 can be tagged with a radioisotope of cobalt to study the absorption of the vitamin from the gastrointestinal tract ... June 2007-50 Which radioisotope is used in medicine to treat thyroid disorders?. (1) cobalt-60 (3) phosphorus-32. (2) iodine- ... 2) cobalt-60 (4) uranium-238. June 2003-39 Which isotope is most commonly used in the radioactive dating of the remains of ... Jan 2006-50 The decay of which radioisotope can be used to estimate the age of the fossilized remains of an insect?. (1) Rn-222 ...

http://kentchemistry.com/links/Nuclear/radioisotopes.htm

Cobalt Radioisotopes / administration & dosage * Cobalt Radioisotopes / pharmacokinetics* * Cobalt Radioisotopes / toxicity* * ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19959951/

Radium has been replaced by much cheaper cobalt-60 and other radioisotopes in radiation treatment. Noncorroding lead as a cable ... Cobalt had been in an iffy supply status ever since the Belgian Congo (worlds only significant source of cobalt) was given a ... While the cobalt supply was disrupted and the price shot up, nickel and other substitutes were pressed into service. Following ... An important way of getting around a cobalt situation or a "Resource War" situation is to use substitutes for a material in its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource_economics

During the last half of the twentieth century, the radioisotope cobalt-60 was the frequently used source of radiation used in ... Proton-rich radioisotopes are manufactured in cyclotrons. During radioactive decay, the nucleus of a radioisotope seeks ... Radioisotopes decay at a known rate; often a nuclide that decays rapidly may be chosen, allowing the patient to be radiation- ... Radiation and radioisotopes are extensively used medications to allow physicians to image internal structures and processes in ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/radiation

used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater units as an energy source for spacecraft ... Cobalt-60 27. 33. 5.3 y. β−. 2824 Synthetic. produces high energy gamma rays, used for radiotherapy, equipment sterilisation, ... "Radioisotopes in Industry". World Nuclear Association.. *. Martin, James (2006). Physics for Radiation Protection: A Handbook. ... most commonly used medical radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer Iodine-129 53. 76. 15,700,000 y. β−. 194 Cosmogenic. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope

The start of radioisotope cobalt-60 production at Kursk NPP; the ROSATOMs joining the best employers rating of Russia 2018; ... The start of radioisotope cobalt-60 production at Kursk NPP; the ROSATOMs joining the best employers rating of Russia 2018; ... 17 December, 2018 The start of radioisotope cobalt-60 production at Kursk NPP; the ROSATOMs joining the best employers rating ...

https://rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/videogallery/

what radioisotope would be used to kill certain cancerous tumors cobalt-60 ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/1st-test-302451/packs/688617

The cobalt and copper analogs are nonfluorescent. Metal free phthalocyanines are not capable of being rendered reactive or ... The field of nuclear medicine utilizes radioisotopes, usually gamma-emitting isotopes, for diagnostic purposes. Radioactive ... Metz, J. et al., Synthesis and properties of substituted ( phthalocyanito)iron and -cobalt compounds and their pyridine ... Metallophthalocyanines and TBTAPs suitable for radioactive imaging and therapeutic applications would bear radioisotopes of ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5346670?dq=3798359

Radioisotopes have become increasingly more important in many fields in the past 60 years or so. Some radioisotopes are ... An example of this reaction is the production from cobalt-59 to cobalt-60, a good source of gamma radiation for many ... Over one thousand radioisotopes-radioactive isotopes-either exist in nature or have been made artificially by bombarding stable ... producing a ther-apeutically useful radioisotope of sodium. Newer radioisotopes produced this way for medical applications ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/isotope

The main radioisotopes involved are strontium, cesium, and some cobalt. (cdc.gov)
Such radioisotopes as cobalt-60 and cesium-137 are widely used to treat cancer. (britannica.com)
Both cobalt-60 and cesium-137 have only a few gamma energies which make them close to monochromatic. (citizendium.org)
The photon energy of cobalt-60 is higher than that if cesium-137 which allows cobalt sources to be used to examine thicker sections of metals than those which could be examined with Cs-137. (citizendium.org)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved three radiation sources for use on foods: gamma rays from radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60 or Cesium-137, x-rays, and electron beam technology. (ift.org)
They're using Cobalt 60(Co-60) and Cesium 137(Cs-137) to generate gamma rays for irradiating food. (peeniewallie.com)
Margaret Melhase and I discovered cesium-137, which has found substantial use as a gamma-ray source in a variety of medical applications, similar in practice to that of cobalt-60. (lbl.gov)
Gems are exposed to radiation emitted by Cobalt-60 or Cesium-137, both highly radioactive isotopes (or "radioisotopes") of these two elements. (palagems.com)
But now a days we do have the technology to identify people who would want to detonate 100lbs of C-4 strapped to a container of Cobalt 60 or Cesium 137. (dropzone.com)
Interpretation of the gamma energy spectra can make possible the determination of which specific radioisotopes contribute to the observed man-made gamma radiation, either as direct or as indirect (i.e., daughter) gamma energy from specific radionuclides (e.g., cesium-137, cobalt-60, uranium-238). (unt.edu)
FDA-approved sources of ionizing radiation are gamma rays produced by the radioisotopes cobalt-60 or cesium-137, and machine-generated X-rays and electrons. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

For more information about Co-60, see the Public Health Statement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html , or visit the Environmental Protection Agency at http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/cobalt.html external icon . (cdc.gov)
Radionuclides also termed as radioisotopes are elements that possess radioactivity. (omicsonline.org)
Sterilization of surgical instruments such as syringes, gloves, clothing and instruments using gamma mitting radionuclides including Cobalt-60, Cs-137 etc. [ 7 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Unstable atoms are called radioisotopes or radionuclides . (ratical.org)

There is only one stable has been found in at least 426 of the 1,636 current isotope of cobalt, which has an atomic mass number or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
The half-life of a cobalt isotope is the time colorants in glass, ceramics, and paints, as catalysts, that it takes for half of that isotope to give off its and as paint driers. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt colorants have a radiation and change into a different isotope. (cdc.gov)
There is only one stable isotope of cobalt, which has an atomic mass number of 59. (cdc.gov)
The half-life of a cobalt isotope is the time that it takes for half of that isotope to give off its radiation and change into a different isotope. (cdc.gov)
At the FRM II the radioactive cobalt-60 is produced via neutron capture by the stable isotope cobalt-59. (tum.de)
A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
The 59 Fe which might form has a short half life, so by allowing a cobalt source to stand for a year much of this isotope will decay away. (citizendium.org)
Cobalt 60 is produced artificially by neutron activation of the isotope. (writework.com)
Cobalt occurs naturally as only one stable isotope, cobalt-59. (phys.org)
A radioactive isotope, cobalt-60 (with gamma ray emission 25 times that of radium), is prepared by neutron bombardment. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cobalt-60 is the most common isotope and is widely utilized in medicine for the treatment of brain tumors and other central nervous system disorders. (livestrong.com)

All isotopes of cobalt behave the same as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. (cdc.gov)
All isotopes of cobalt behave the same chemically and will therefore have the same chemical behavior in the environment and the same chemical effects on your body. (cdc.gov)

Apart from being used in the treatment of cancer and radiotherapy, Cobalt-60 is utilized in industry in many different ways. (ostatic.com)
Radiation therapy, sometimes called radiotherapy, x-ray therapy radiation treatment, cobalt therapy, electron beam therapy, or irradiation uses high energy, penetrating waves or particles such as x rays, gamma rays, proton rays, or neutron rays to destroy cancer cells or keep them from reproducing. (thefreedictionary.com)
Local radiotherapy (interstitial brachytherapy), using permanently implanted radon-222 or gold-198 seeds or removable needles of radium-226, cobalt-60 or, more often, iridium-192 ( 192 Ir) implants, is a highly effective treatment for tumors less amenable to traditional therapy (eg, those on the limbs or around the eye). (merckvetmanual.com)

International Isotopes Inc manufactures a full range of nuclear medicine calibration and reference standards, cobalt teletherapy sources, and other sealed sources. (morningstar.com)
International Isotopes also distributes a varied selection of radioisotopes and radiochemicals for medical and clinical research, and pharmacy compounding. (morningstar.com)
April 1, 2020 -- Strong growth in radiochemical product sales wasn't enough to overcome sharp declines for radioisotope manufacturer International Isotopes in cobalt sales and radiological services in 2019. (auntminnie.com)
International Isotopes makes nuclear medicine calibration and reference standards, high purity fluoride gases, and a variety of cobalt-60 products such as teletherapy sources. (bioworld.com)

Cobalt silicate and cobalt(II) aluminate (CoAl2O4, cobalt blue) give a distinctive deep blue color to glass, smalt, ceramics, inks, paints and varnishes. (phys.org)

The intestinal absorption of zinc, cobalt, and strontium and absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract are underscored. (elsevier.com)
Other reactor-produced radioisotopes continue to play a major role in research, and recent advances in many fields (such as molecular biology, including the Human Genome Project) could not have been accomplished without the use of 32 P. In addition, many of the isotopes useful for therapeutic applications, such as strontium-89 for the palliation of metastatic bone pain, are produced in reactors. (nap.edu)

John J. Livingood and I discovered radioisotopes, including iodine-131 and cobalt-60, that are crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. (lbl.gov)
He discovered radioisotopes like 'cobalt-60' and 'iodine-131' which are used to treat life-threatening diseases. (thefamouspeople.com)

[4] Modern cobalt was officially discovered by a Swedish chemist named Georg Brandt, in 1739. (conservapedia.com)
Cobalt was discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt, a Swedish chemist. (thefreedictionary.com)

Stable cobalt an atomic number of 27. (cdc.gov)
Stable cobalt has been found in at least 426 of the 1,636 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
Unstable cobalt-60 gives off gamma radiation as it decays to a stable form. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

Cobalt is a naturally-occurring element that has properties similar to those of iron and nickel. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt is a hard, brittle metal, which is similar in appearance to iron and nickel. (conservapedia.com)
In the case of cobalt it is common to alloy it with nickel to improve the mechanical properties. (citizendium.org)
Nowadays, some cobalt is produced specifically from various metallic-lustered ores, for example cobaltite (CoAsS), but the main source of the element is as a by-product of copper and nickel mining. (phys.org)
Like nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron . (cfapps.io)
Today, some cobalt is produced specifically from one of a number of metallic-lustered ores, such as for example cobaltite (Co As S ). The element is however more usually produced as a by-product of copper and nickel mining. (cfapps.io)

Cobalt (KO-bolt) is a lustrous, silvery-blue metal which is magnetic. (conservapedia.com)

Cobalt-based blue pigments have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass, but the color was later thought by alchemists to be due to the known metal bismuth. (phys.org)

Nonradioactive cobalt occurs naturally in various minerals and has long been used as a blue coloring agent for ceramic and glass. (cdc.gov)
Since Cobalt-60 is naturally unstable, it emits two gamma rays which provide the energy to sterilize objects. (ostatic.com)
The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to several applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology ). (world-nuclear.org)

however, not all cobalt one half-life, one-half of the radioactivity is gone. (cdc.gov)

Cobalt compounds are used as give off. (cdc.gov)
The element is active chemically, forming many compounds, e.g., the series of cobaltous and cobaltic salts and the complex cobalt ammines derived from cobaltic salts and ammonia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Pure cobalt metal is prepared by reduction of its compounds by aluminum (the Goldschmidt process), by carbon, or by hydrogen. (thefreedictionary.com)

cobalt-60 and caesium-137. (writework.com)
Under Eisenhower's educational "Atoms for Peace" programme, a schoolchild in the 1950s could order small quantities of radio isotopes to their home, so Hull wrote to the US nuclear facilities for free samples of caesium-137, sulphur-42 and cobalt-60. (newstatesman.com)

In 1968 this resulted in the Gamma Knife, which was installed at the Karolinska Institute and consisted of several cobalt-60 radioactive sources placed in a kind of helmet with central channels for irradiation with gamma rays. (wikipedia.org)
Under the agreement, VinAtom and TINT will cooperate in the fields of radioisotope production in research reactors and accelerators, as well as radiation treatment equipment using cobalt-60 irradiation and electron accelerators. (world-nuclear-news.org)

International Isotopes's business consists of five business segments: Nuclear Medicine Standards, Cobalt Products, Radiochemical Products, Fluorine Products, Radiological Services. (morningstar.com)
However, cobalt sales dropped by 59%, while revenues from the company's radiological services business fell by 58%, according to the firm. (auntminnie.com)

Iridium-192 has a lower photon energy than cobalt-60 and its gamma spectrum is complex (many lines of very different energies), but this can be an advantage as this can give better contrast for the final photographs. (citizendium.org)

Cobalt- 60 is used commonly for sterilization of spices and foods before they are distributed. (ostatic.com)
Sterilization of medical equipment is also an important use of radioisotopes. (world-nuclear.org)
Thus radioisotopes could be used for numerous biomedical purposes such as cancer and tumour treatment, imaging, biochemical assays, biological labelling, sterilization, clinical diagnostics, radioactive dating etc. (omicsonline.org)
Gamma sterilization uses the radioisotope cobalt 60 as the energy source to sterilize some medical supply products. (thefreedictionary.com)
As a global leader in mission-critical services to ensure the safety of healthcare, Sotera Health has 62 facilities in 13 countries and provides rigorous lab services, comprehensive sterilization solutions, and a reliable global supply of radioisotopes to the medical device, pharmaceutical, tissue, and food industries. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
Nordion ensures the reliable supply of Cobalt-60, the primary input to the gamma sterilization process, to the leaders in healthcare, including sister company Sterigenics. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)

of which are commercially important, cobalt-60 and cobalt-57, also written as Co-60 or 60Co and When a substance is released from a large area, Co-57 or 57Co, and read as cobalt sixty and cobalt such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such fifty-seven. (cdc.gov)
However, there are many unstable or radioactive isotopes, two of which are commercially important, cobalt-60 and cobalt-57, also written as Co-60 or 60 Co and Co-57 or 57 Co, and read as cobalt sixty and cobalt fifty-seven. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and in the production of gamma rays. (phys.org)

Cobalt is a nonradioactive metal found in nature from which radioactive isotopes can be produced by linear accelerators (for medical and commercial uses) and nuclear reactors (as a waste by-product). (livestrong.com)

The isotopes of an element, therefore, As more sites are evaluated, the sites at which have different atomic mass numbers [number of cobalt is found may increase. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt ( /ˈkoʊbɒlt/ or /ˈkoʊbɔːlt/) is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. (phys.org)

Khan NT (2017) Radioisotopes and Their Biomedical Applications. (omicsonline.org)
Cobalt products sales accounted for approximately 7% of the Company's total revenue in 2017 and approximately 13% in 2016. (biospace.com)
During 2017, however, the Company successfully contracted with a supplier for significant quantities of bulk cobalt with deliveries starting in 2018. (biospace.com)

Cobalt chloride, used as an invisible ink, is almost colorless in dilute solution when applied to paper. (thefreedictionary.com)

Incorporation of radioisotopes to biologically active substances is introduced into body in order to observe the functioning of an organ functioning or a metabolic path way etc. (omicsonline.org)

Cobalt salts have been used for centuries to give pottery and other items a blue color. (conservapedia.com)

The radioisotope used, cobalt- 60, is a powerful gamma-ray emitter. (sciencephoto.com)

For example cobalt-60 is use as a source of gamma radiation for radionuclide therapy, gamma knife radiosurgery and brachytherapy. (omicsonline.org)

Over 40 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing at up to 5% annually. (world-nuclear.org)
In developed countries (a quarter of the world population) about one person in 50 uses diagnostic nuclear medicine each year, and the frequency of therapy with radioisotopes is about one-tenth of this. (world-nuclear.org)
The most common radioisotope used in diagnosis is technetium-99 (Tc-99), with some 40 million procedures per year, accounting for about 80% of all nuclear medicine procedures and 85% of diagnostic scans in nuclear medicine worldwide. (world-nuclear.org)
During the late 1930's, my co-workers and I discovered a number of radioisotopes that have become the workhorses of nuclear medicine. (lbl.gov)
In all, eight radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine were discovered by my co-workers and me. (lbl.gov)
we also explore programs they initiated to train medical personnel in the use of radioactive materials, as well as a strategic program to subsidize the development of radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, and biomedical instrumentation as part of an effort to create the infrastructure of a self-sustaining biomedical nuclear industry. (stanford.edu)

I like to [compare] Cobalt-60 radiation technology to what I would consider to be like the carburetor technology of automotive cars and electron beam and x-ray technologies to be the more modern version[s]," Pillai asserts. (ift.org)

This therapy makes use of radioisotopes that emits radiations upon their decay. (omicsonline.org)
In the process of achieving stability a part of the nucleus of a radioisotope disintegrates and emits particles and energy. (ratical.org)

In 1982, the Spanish neurosurgeon J. Barcia-Salorio began to evaluate the role of cobalt-generated and then Linac-based photon radiosurgery for the treatment of AVMs and epilepsy . (wikipedia.org)

These objects can be processed by neutron activation to form gamma emitting radioisotopes. (citizendium.org)

The gamma radiation emitted by the cobalt-60 radioisotope is ionizing, with high penetration power, which when interacting with the products, even inside its packages, transfers its energy by means of collisions to the electrons of the atoms that make up the products. (usp.br)

Cobalt is used in several alloys, including Alnico . (conservapedia.com)
Cobalt is used in the preparation of magnetic, wear-resistant and high-strength alloys. (phys.org)
Cobalt is primarily used in the manufacture of magnetic , wear-resistant and high-strength alloys . (cfapps.io)

Vitamin B 12 can be tagged with a radioisotope of cobalt to study the absorption of the vitamin from the gastrointestinal tract. (kentchemistry.com)

In order to examine physiological function, radioisotopes of the lighter biologically active elements were needed. (stanford.edu)

Production possibility of copper radioisotopes from cobalt target for PET studies. (atomki.hu)
The copper belt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia yields most of the cobalt metal mined worldwide. (phys.org)

Archaeologists can calculate the age of plants that lived in the past because radioisotopes decay at the same time rate. (pe.kr)

Radioisotopes are widely used for a number of purposes following are some major applications of radioisotope. (omicsonline.org)
S 35 P 32 and I 125 are widely used radioisotopes used for labelling [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
However, 192 Ir implants and other radioisotopes are expensive and not widely available but may be the best option for recurrent aggressive lesions. (merckvetmanual.com)

Radioisotopes of iron and chromium were also valuable in applications in hematology. (nap.edu)

The decrease is the result of the continuing interruption in cobalt supply from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) which started in 2014, and the Company's limited options for obtaining alternate cobalt supplies in the global marketplace. (biospace.com)
Cobalt products were historically the Company's largest revenue segment prior to the supply interruption in 2014, and with the additional long-term sources of supply, we expect cobalt products to be a large revenue contributor going forward. (biospace.com)

There is widespread awareness of the use of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine, particularly for diagnosis (identification) and therapy (treatment) of various medical conditions. (world-nuclear.org)
Radioisotope is used for biological labelling of cells or entities for identification or tracing specific molecules in an organism. (omicsonline.org)

The gamma radiation which is emitted from Cobalt-60 effectively kills bacteria and other pathogens without affecting the origi. (ostatic.com)
Cobalt is also an active nutrient for bacteria, algae and fungi. (phys.org)
Cobalt in inorganic form is also a micronutrient for bacteria , algae , and fungi . (cfapps.io)

In recent years specialists have also come from radiology, as dual PET/CT (positron emission tomography with computerised tomography) procedures have become established, increasing the role of accelerators in radioisotope production. (world-nuclear.org)

This first therapeutic use of artificially produced radioisotopes occurred on Christmas Eve 1936 (Lawrence et al. (stanford.edu)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

RSR13, an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, and carbogen radiosensitize FSAII and SCCVII tumours in C3H mice. (1/346)

Genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive mutations in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. (2/346)

Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. (3/346)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. (4/346)

Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles. (5/346)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate on hematopoietic injury by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in Wistar rats. (6/346)

Base substitution spectra of nalidixylate resistant mutations induced by monochromatic soft X and 60Co gamma-rays in Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/346)

Syrian hamster dermal cell immortalization is not enhanced by power line frequency electromagnetic field exposure. (8/346)

Cobalt Radioisotopes

Cobalt

Radioisotopes

Zinc Radioisotopes

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Strontium Radioisotopes

Iodine Radioisotopes

Krypton Radioisotopes

Cobalt Isotopes

Indium Radioisotopes

Sodium Radioisotopes

Radioactivity

Barium Radioisotopes

Radionuclide Imaging

Yttrium Radioisotopes

Tin Radioisotopes

Carbon Radioisotopes

Iron Radioisotopes

Copper Radioisotopes

Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Beta Particles

Technetium

Mercury Radioisotopes

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

Cesium Isotopes

Cerium Radioisotopes

Hafnium

Gold Radioisotopes

Isotope Labeling

Lead Radioisotopes

Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope

Zinc Isotopes

Sulfur Radioisotopes

Cadmium Radioisotopes

Astatine

Radioimmunotherapy

Tungsten

Lutetium

Nickel

Rhenium

Samarium

Radiopharmaceuticals

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive

Radioisotope Teletherapy

Bromine Radioisotopes

Scintillation Counting

Subdural Effusion

Calcium Isotopes

Radioactive Waste

Vitamin B 12

Chromium

Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated

Chromium Alloys

Spectrometry, Gamma

Ruthenium Radioisotopes

Radiometric Dating

Selenium Radioisotopes

Alpha Particles

Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Organometallic Compounds

Tissue Distribution

Isotopes

Pentetic Acid

Nuclear Medicine

RSR13, an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, and carbogen radiosensitize FSAII and SCCVII tumours in C3H mice. (1/346)

Genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive mutations in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. (2/346)

Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. (3/346)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. (4/346)

Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles. (5/346)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate on hematopoietic injury by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in Wistar rats. (6/346)

Base substitution spectra of nalidixylate resistant mutations induced by monochromatic soft X and 60Co gamma-rays in Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/346)

Syrian hamster dermal cell immortalization is not enhanced by power line frequency electromagnetic field exposure. (8/346)

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cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.26 years, how much of a 500 gram sample

CRYSTALLINE TEXTURE AND ANISOTROPY OF A COBALT- 10-PERCENT IRON ALLOY. - Nokia Bell Labs

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