Cobalt radioisotopes. Medical search

Unstable isotopes of cobalt that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Co atoms with atomic weights of 54-64, except 59, are radioactive cobalt isotopes.

A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.

Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of zinc that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Zn atoms with atomic weights 60-63, 65, 69, 71, and 72 are radioactive zinc isotopes.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of krypton that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Kr atoms with atomic weights 74-77, 79, 81, 85, and 87-94 are radioactive krypton isotopes.

Stable cobalt atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cobalt, but differ in atomic weight. Co-59 is a stable cobalt isotope.

Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of sodium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Na atoms with atomic weights 20-22 and 24-26 are radioactive sodium isotopes.

The spontaneous transformation of a nuclide into one or more different nuclides, accompanied by either the emission of particles from the nucleus, nuclear capture or ejection of orbital electrons, or fission. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Unstable isotopes of barium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ba atoms with atomic weights 126-129, 131, 133, and 139-143 are radioactive barium isotopes.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of tin that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Sn atoms with atomic weights 108-111, 113, 120-121, 123 and 125-128 are tin radioisotopes.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

Unstable isotopes of mercury that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Hg atoms with atomic weights 185-195, 197, 203, 205, and 206 are radioactive mercury isotopes.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

Stable cesium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element cesium, but differ in atomic weight. Cs-133 is a naturally occurring isotope.

Unstable isotopes of cerium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ce atoms with atomic weights 132-135, 137, 139, and 141-148 are radioactive cerium isotopes.

Hafnium. A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Unstable isotopes of gold that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Au 185-196, 198-201, and 203 are radioactive gold isotopes.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.

Any diagnostic evaluation using radioactive (unstable) isotopes. This diagnosis includes many nuclear medicine procedures as well as radioimmunoassay tests.

Stable zinc atoms that have the same atomic number as the element zinc, but differ in atomic weight. Zn-66-68, and 70 are stable zinc isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Unstable isotopes of cadmium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cd atoms with atomic weights 103-105, 107, 109, 115, and 117-119 are radioactive cadmium isotopes.

Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, atomic number 85, and atomic weight 210. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (IMMUNOTOXINS) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (see RADIOTHERAPY).

Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.

Lutetium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.

A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.

Rhenium. A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.2, symbol Re. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Samarium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.

A type of high-energy radiotherapy using a beam of gamma-radiation produced by a radioisotope source encapsulated within a teletherapy unit.

Unstable isotopes of bromine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Br atoms with atomic weights 74-78, 80, and 82-90 are radioactive bromine isotopes.

Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

Leakage and accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; BRAIN NEOPLASMS; INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION; and other conditions.

Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.

Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.

A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.

Normal human serum albumin mildly iodinated with radioactive iodine (131-I) which has a half-life of 8 days, and emits beta and gamma rays. It is used as a diagnostic aid in blood volume determination. (from Merck Index, 11th ed)

Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.

Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Unstable isotopes of ruthenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ru atoms with atomic weights 93-95, 97, 103, and 105-108 are radioactive ruthenium isotopes.

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

Unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes.

Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two NEUTRONS, i.e. equivalent to HELIUM nuclei, which are emitted during disintegration of heavy ISOTOPES. Alpha rays have very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability.

A class of organic compounds containing a ring structure made up of more than one kind of atom, usually carbon plus another atom. The ring structure can be aromatic or nonaromatic.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Atomic species differing in mass number but having the same atomic number. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

A specialty field of radiology concerned with diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative use of radioactive compounds in a pharmaceutical form.

RSR13, an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, and carbogen radiosensitize FSAII and SCCVII tumours in C3H mice. (1/346)

Pre-clinical evaluation has demonstrated that 2-[4-(((3,5-dimethylanilino)carbonyl)methyl)phenoxy]-2-methylpropi onic acid (RSR13) acts as an allosteric effector of haemoglobin (Hb). RSR13 binding to Hb results in decreased haemoglobin-oxygen (Hb-O2) affinity, improved tumour oxygenation, and enhanced radiation-induced cell killing in several experimental tumour systems. In the present work, ex vivo clonogenic survival analyses are applied in two murine tumour systems to characterize the relationship between the magnitude of decrease in Hb-O2 affinity and radiosensitization, the influence of inspired pO2 upon this effect, and the efficacy of combining RSR13 and radiation during a course of repeated radiation exposures. For FSaII tumours in C3H mice breathing air, 100 mg kg(-1) RSR13 administered intraperitoneally produced an enhancement ratio (ER) of 1.3, but there was marked desensitization at a RSR13 dose of 300 mg kg(-1) (ER 0.6). The most likely reason for the increased radioresistance was insufficient oxygen loading of Hb in the pulmonary circulation due to reduced haemoglobin-oxygen affinity because carbogen breathing combined with 300 mg kg(-1) RSR13 reversed the effect and produced an ER of 1.8. In SCCVII tumours in C3H mice irradiated with eight fractions of 2.5 Gy over 4 days, the surviving fraction was reduced to 58-67% of control values when RSR13 was combined with radiation on days 1 and 2, days 3 and 4, or days 1-4. These results confirm that combining RSR13 and irradiation within a fractionated course of clinically relevant low-dose exposures provides significant radiosensitization. Additional preclinical experimentation is needed to define better the optimum dose-scheduling conditions for clinical applications. (+info)

Genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive mutations in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. (2/346)

The linkage of two mutations leading to increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light and 60Co gamma rays was determined in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum using a genetic analysis based on the parasexual cycle. Diploids were selected from a mixture of radiation-sensitive, temperature-resistant and radiation-resistant, temperature-sensitive haploids on the basis of simultaneous radiation and temperature resistance. Analysis of drug-resistant haploid segregants of the heterozygous diploids indicated that one of the radiation-sensitive mutations, radA20, was linked to linkage group I whereas the other, radB13, was linked to the recently defined linkage group VI. (+info)

Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. (3/346)

Acute radiation exposure of humans was observed to induce various forms of cytogenetic damage, including increased frequencies of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations. However, the cytogenetic effects of chronic low dose radiation exposure in vivo needs further characterization. Sixteen subjects with chronic low dose rates of gamma-radiation exposure from 60Co-contaminated steel in radioactive buildings were compared with seven non-exposed reference subjects for micronucleus frequencies after they relocated. By in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled anti-alpha all human centromere probe, the exposed subjects were shown to have a significant increase in cytochalasin B-modulated micronucleus (CBMN) frequencies, as well as a significant increase in centromere-positive (C+) CBMN, centromere-negative (C-) CBMN, total C+signals, single C+ MN signals and multiple C+ signals/1000 binucleated cells (BN). However, decreases in the ratios C+MN/C- MN and C+MN/total CBMN (%) were also noted in the exposed subjects. By mixed effects analysis, considering individuals from the same families, the C- MN and single C+ MN/1000 BN were both positively and moderately associated with previous cumulative exposure. When the time period of relocation post-exposure (relocation time or RT) was considered, total C+MN and multiple C+MN/1000 BN were negatively and significantly associated with RT. Moreover, the C+MN, C- MN, C+MN/C- MN ratio and single C+MN/1000 BN were all negatively and moderately associated with RT, but not with exposure dose. This suggested that acentromeric and single or multiple centromeric CBMN cytogenetic damage seems to disappear differentially in human subjects post chronic low dose radiation exposure. (+info)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. (4/346)

The effects of combined administration of two drugs elevating extracellular adenosine, namely dipyridamole (DP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on hemopoietic stem cells in vivo were investigated. The experiments were performed on mice using the endogenous spleen colony formation in gamma-irradiated animals as an endpoint. The results have shown that DP and AMP act additively with G-CSF to enhance spleen colony formation and thus the erythroid repopulation of the spleen. These findings indicate that the signaling pathways of G-CSF and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine can interact at the level of primitive hemopoietic stem cells. The enhancement of hemopoiesis-stimulating effects of G-CSF by DP and AMP, which are low-priced and clinically available drugs, could improve the cost-effectiveness of the therapy with G-CSF. (+info)

Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles. (5/346)

As part of a study of the effects of low-level radiation, 1,343 Beagles, including 671 males and 672 females, were evaluated over their full lifetime for the occurrence of mammary neoplasia; there were 139 control males and 138 control females and 532 irradiated males and 534 irradiated females. All nodules found in surgical specimens or at necropsy were evaluated histologically. The overall incidence, metastasis and recurrence rates, and contribution to mortality of mammary neoplasms were determined. Based on this unique opportunity to correlate morphologic characteristics with ultimate biological behavior of all mammary tumors in a defined canine population, we propose a histogenetically based reclassification of epithelial mammary tumors. Of the 672 female dogs, 70.8% (476) had at least one mammary neoplasm; 60.7% (408) had more than one. Two male dogs had mammary neoplasms. Of 1,639 mammary carcinomas in the 672 females, 18.7% (307) were classified as ductular carcinomas (arising from the small interlobular or intralobular ductules), whereas 80.7% (1,322) were classified as adenocarcinomas of other histogenetic origin. Of 73 fatal carcinomas, ductular carcinomas accounted for 48 fatalities (65.8%), whereas other adenocarcinomas accounted for only 20 fatalities (27.4%). Radiation had no effect on this ratio. Ductular carcinomas also had a higher rate of metastasis than did adenocarcinomas. Existing classifications of mammary carcinomas do not recognize the characteristic morphologic features, the degree of malignancy, and the prognostic importance of these ductular carcinomas. Metastasis rates did not differ between simple and complex carcinomas or between those lesions and adenocarcinomas in mixed tumors. True carcinosarcomas metastasized more frequently (100%, or 5/5) than did adenocarcinomas in mixed tumors (34.4%, or 22/64), emphasizing the importance of not lumping these tumors under the classification of malignant mixed tumors. (+info)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate on hematopoietic injury by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in Wistar rats. (6/346)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate (ST) on 60Co gamma-ray induced decrease in hematocrit value and in survival rate in Wistar strain male rats were examined. A long-term administration of ST (less than 150 mg/kg body weight/day) for 60-300 days had no significant effects on body and organs weights and survival days. The LD50/60 in 20 weeks old rats was 220 mg/kg body weight/day. Daily administration of 38, 75 or 150 mg from 7 days before and after irradiation to 60 days significantly mitigated the decrease in hematocrit values, especially at 23 days after irradiation (P < 0.05). The highest mitigation rate of the decrease in hematocrit value was observed in rats administered at a dose of 38 mg ST/day. Simultaneously, a dose of 38 mg ST/day inhibited lethal effect of 60Co gamma-rays significantly. The dose-reduction factor for survival of 38 mg ST administered rats was 1.14. (+info)

Base substitution spectra of nalidixylate resistant mutations induced by monochromatic soft X and 60Co gamma-rays in Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/346)

Bacillus subtilis spores were exposed to three types of photons, monochromatic soft X-rays with the energy corresponding to the absorption peak of phosphorus K-shell electron (2,153 eV) and with the slightly lower energy (2,147 eV), and 60Co gamma-rays. From the irradiated spores, 233 mutants exhibiting nalidixic acid resistance were isolated, and together with 94 spontaneous mutants, the sequence changes in the 5'-terminal region of the gyrA gene coding for DNA gyrase subunit A were determined. Among eighteen alleles of the gyrA mutations, eight were single-base substitutions, nine were tandem double-base substitutions, and one was a double substitution skipping a middle base pair. About 6% of the radiation-induced mutations were tandem double-base substitutions, whereas none was observed among the spontaneous ones. Among spontaneous mutations, A:T and G:C pairs were equally subjected to mutations, whereas the substitutions from G:C pairs and those to A:T pairs predominated among those induced with soft X-rays. The peak-energy X-rays were more effective in killing and causing mutations than the low-energy X-rays, however, there seemed no base-change events uniquely attributable to phosphorus K-shell absorption. (+info)

Syrian hamster dermal cell immortalization is not enhanced by power line frequency electromagnetic field exposure. (8/346)

Several epidemiological studies have suggested associations between exposure to residential power line frequency electromagnetic fields and childhood leukaemia, and between occupational exposure and adult leukaemia. A variety of in vitro studies have provided limited supporting evidence for the role of such exposures in cancer induction in the form of acknowledged cellular end points, such as enhanced mutation rate and cell proliferation, though the former is seen only with extremely high flux density exposure or with co-exposure to ionizing radiation. However, in vitro experiments on a scale large enough to detect rare cancer-initiating events, such as primary cell immortalization following residential level exposures, have not thus far been reported. In this study, large cultures of primary Syrian hamster dermal cells were continuously exposed to power line frequency electromagnetic fields of 10 100 and 1000 microT for 60 h, with and without prior exposure to a threshold (1.5 Gy), or sub-threshold (0.5 Gy), immortalizing dose of ionizing radiation. Electromagnetic field exposure alone did not immortalize these cells at a detectable frequency (> or = 1 x 10(-7)); furthermore, such exposure did not enhance the frequency of ionizing radiation-induced immortalization. (+info)

Gold has been proposed as a material for creating a salted nuclear weapon (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A ... This has been used extensively since artificial radioisotopes became available in the 1950s, as a supplement to millennia of ... Plata-Bedmar, A. (1988). Artificial radioisotopes in hydrological investigation: A review of specific applications (PDF) ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold-198

In 1939 he pioneered the non-medical use of radioisotopes in New Zealand, and conducted a series of experiments to determine ... the role of cobalt in animal metabolism. With the outbreak of World War II Marsden was given the title of Director of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Marsden

His department subsequently developed one of the world's first radioisotope scanners. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal ... inventor of the cobalt-60 teletherapy unit, that Johns was prompted to go into medical physics. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Valentine_Mayneord

Gamma irradiation is produced from the radioisotopes cobalt-60 and caesium-137, which are derived by neutron bombardment of ... Cobalt-60 is the most common source of gamma rays for food irradiation in commercial scale facilities as it is water insoluble ... As for transportation of the radiation source, cobalt-60 is transported in special trucks that prevent release of radiation and ... Additionally, gamma irradiation is significantly less expensive than using an X-ray source In most designs, the radioisotope, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation

Cobalt units which use radiation from the radioisotope cobalt-60 produce stable, dichromatic beams of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV, ... Cobalt treatment still has a useful role to play in certain applications (for example the Gamma Knife) and is still in ... The role of the cobalt unit has largely been replaced by the linear accelerator, which can generate higher energy radiation. ... Notably, photon beams deriving from radioisotopes are approximately monoenergetic, as contrasted with the continuous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_beam_radiotherapy

... and a cobalt carborane anion (known as chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide). The actinides are extracted by CMPO, and the diluent ... 3H (tritium), the radioisotope of hydrogen, is available at very high specific activities, and compounds with this isotope in ... A short review of the biochemical properties of a series of key long lived radioisotopes can be read on line. 99Tc in nuclear ... Some early evidence for nuclear fission was the formation of a short-lived radioisotope of barium which was isolated from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry

Some of the 60Co was generated by activation of the cobalt in the soil, but some was also generated by the activation of the ... A paper on the radioisotopes left on an island by the French nuclear bombs tests of the 20th century has been printed by the ... A 2006 paper reports the levels of long lived radioisotopes in the trinitite. 152Eu and 154Eu was mainly formed by the neutron ... Many atomic batteries have been of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) type. The Plutonium-238 used in RTGs has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium_in_the_environment

Some of these radioisotopes are tritium, carbon-14 and phosphorus-32. Here is a list of radioisotopes formed by the action of ... Some of the 60Co (half life 5.27 year) is generated by activation of the cobalt in the soil, but some was also generated by the ... This radioisotope can be released from the nuclear fuel cycle; this is the radioisotope responsible for the majority of the ... In addition some natural radioisotopes are present. A recent paper reports the levels of long-lived radioisotopes in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_radioactivity

Cobalt therapy, teletherapy machines using megavolt gamma rays emitted by cobalt-60, a radioisotope produced by irradiating ... Cobalt machines were relatively cheap, robust and simple to use, although due to its 5.27 year half-life the cobalt had to be ... A major use of systemic radioisotope therapy is in the treatment of bone metastasis from cancer. The radioisotopes travel ... Systemic radioisotope therapy (RIT) is a form of targeted therapy. Targeting can be due to the chemical properties of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

... which then decays to radioactive cobalt-56 (half-life 77 days). These radioisotopes excite the surrounding material to ... This luminosity is generated by the radioactive decay of nickel-56 through cobalt-56 to iron-56.[60] The peak luminosity of the ... The visual light curve continues to decline at a rate slightly greater than the decay rate of the radioactive cobalt (which has ... Fields, B. D.; Hochmuth, K. A.; Ellis, J. (2005). "Deep‐Ocean Crusts as Telescopes: Using Live Radioisotopes to Probe Supernova ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovae

In addition, AECL manufactures nuclear medicine radioisotopes for supply to MDS Nordion in Ottawa, Ontario, and is the world's ... Canada also pioneered use of cobalt-60 for medical diagnosis in 1951 and currently the NRU reactor produces the medical-use ... Other than radioisotope production, the NRU provides irradiation services for nuclear materials and fuels testing, as well as ... "Why was a Chalk River reactor shut down in November 2007, causing a shortage in medical radioisotopes?" (Canadian Nuclear FAQ) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_Energy_of_Canada_Limited

Creating various radioactive isotopes, such as americium for use in smoke detectors, and cobalt-60, molybdenum-99 and others, ... Research reactor: Typically reactors used for research and training, materials testing, or the production of radioisotopes for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technology

used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) and radioisotope heater units as an energy source for spacecraft ... Cobalt-60 27. 33. 5.3 y. β−. 2824 Synthetic. produces high energy gamma rays, used for radiotherapy, equipment sterilisation, ... "Radioisotopes in Industry". World Nuclear Association.. *. Martin, James (2006). Physics for Radiation Protection: A Handbook. ... most commonly used medical radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer Iodine-129 53. 76. 15,700,000 y. β−. 194 Cosmogenic. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope

Nordion developed medical radio isotopes. Gerald Heffernan invented what is known as mini-mill steel manufacturing. In the US, ... The 1940s also saw Frank Forward invent techniques for refining nickel and cobalt. However, in terms of scale, nothing could ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention_in_Canada

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Thirteen radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 46Sc, which has a half-life of 83.8 days; 47Sc, 3.35 ... Estimates vary from 18 to 25 ppm, which is comparable to the abundance of cobalt (20-30 ppm). Scandium is only the 50th most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium-scandium_alloy

The versatility of LINAC is a potential advantage over cobalt therapy as a treatment tool. In addition, the device can simply ... Gahl and Flagg (2009).Solution Target Radioisotope Generator Technical Review. Subcritical Fission Mo99 Production. Retrieved 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_particle_accelerator

... cobalt 60 - Cockayne syndrome - coenzyme Q10 - cohort study - COL-3 - cold nodule - Coley's toxins - collagen disease - ... bone-seeking radioisotope - Boron neutron capture therapy - boronophenylalanine-fructose complex - bortezomib - Bowen's disease ... radioisotope - radiolabeled - radiologic exam - radionuclide scanning - radiopharmaceutical - radiosensitization - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles

For example, cobalt-60 irradiators are used by a number of departments to sterilize biological samples. It is also used for ... became a major part of the nuclear engineering instructional program and also began to provide some services in radioisotope ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_State_University_reactor_program

... beams are an on-off technology that provide a much higher dose rate than gamma or X-rays emitted by radioisotopes like cobalt- ... The reliability, flexibility and accuracy of the radiation beam produced has largely supplanted the older use of cobalt-60 ... radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron-positron_collider

Ph.D. Dissertation: Anderson, Elda E. (1941). Low Energy Levels in the Atomic Spectra of Cobalt VII and Nickel VIII. University ... Lukens Jr, H. R., Anderson, E. E., & Beaufait Jr, L. J. (1954). Punched Card System for Radioisotopes. Analytical Chemistry. 26 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elda_Emma_Anderson

cobalt therapy. *by radiation generally: radiation therapy (radiotherapy) *intraoperative radiation therapy. *by EMR particles ... by radioisotopes emitting EMR: *by nuclear medicine. *by brachytherapy. *quackery type: electromagnetic therapy (alternative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy

As a result, a robot had to be constructed to remove 3,000 curies of cobalt-60 in two of the hot cells, dismantle cell 4, and ... intending to use them in the manufacture of small radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Curtiss-Wright warned Penn State " ... In order to approve the move to the new site, the NRC required PermaGrain to provide an inventory of all their cobalt-60 ... PermaGrain also let Neutron Products, Inc., a Maryland company, do cobalt-60 work in its hot cells, which required an amendment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quehanna_Wild_Area

Radioisotope. Emission energy (keV). Half-life. Radiopharmaceutical. Activity (MBq). Rotation (degrees). Projections. Image ... chromium-51 and cobalt-58). These may be imaged using SPECT in order to verify the presence of fuel rods in a stored fuel ... On occasion, the radioisotope is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as an isotope of gallium(III). Most of the time, though, ... SPECT is more widely available, because the radioisotope used is longer-lasting and far less expensive in SPECT, and the gamma ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_photon_emission_computed_tomography

... a cobalt arsenide (CoAs3), which can function with a smaller temperature difference than the current tellurium-based designs. ... Electrostatic-boosted radioisotope heat sourcesEdit. A power enhancement for radioisotope heat sources based on a self-induced ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Radioisotope thermoelectric generators.. *NASA Radioisotope Power Systems website - RTG ... Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric GeneratorEdit. NASA is developing a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator

There are also 35 known artificial radioisotopes, the longest-lived of which are 179Ta with a half-life of 1.82 years, 182Ta ... Tantalum has been proposed as a "salting" material for nuclear weapons (cobalt is another, better-known salting material). A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_tantalum

"27 Cobalt". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12. "78 Platinum". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12. "28 ... Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. (1947). "The chemical identification of radioisotopes of neodymium and of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries

There is a section for each radioisotope with a table of radiopharmaceuticals using that radioisotope. The sections are ordered ... Cobalt-57Edit. 57Co is a gamma emitter. Name Investigation Route of administration In-vitro / in-vivo Imaging / non-imaging ... Some radioisotopes* are used in ionic or inert form without attachment to a pharmaceutical, these are also included. ... making it more useful as a therapeutic isotope for brachytherapy implant of radioisotope capsules for local treatment of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical

... cobalt-58m is abbreviated 58m. 27Co. , where 27 is the atomic number of cobalt. For isotopes with more than one metastable ... Nuclear batteries use small amounts (milligrams and microcuries) of radioisotopes with high energy densities. In one design, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomeric_transition

Radioisotopes undergoing alpha decay are a concern due to their tendency to cause soft errors. Polonium-210 is especially ... Cobalt is used instead of nickel to avoid patent issues in improving fluidity. Does not stabilize intermetallic growths in ... Lead, and to some degree tin, as used in solder contains small but significant amounts of radioisotope impurities. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_solder

Medical and dental x-ray imagers use of cobalt-60 or other x-ray sources. A number of radiopharmaceuticals are used, sometimes ... The radiation sources used include radioisotope gamma ray sources, X-ray generators and electron accelerators. Further ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_technology

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Radioisotopes of caesium require special precautions: the improper handling of caesium-137 gamma ray sources can lead to ... Cobaltocene, Co(C5H5)2, is a metallocene, the cobalt analogue of ferrocene. It is a dark purple solid. Cobaltocene has 19 ... All of the alkali metals except lithium and caesium have at least one naturally occurring radioisotope: sodium-22 and sodium-24 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... 27 radioisotopes have been observed, with the most stable ones being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.0 days, 175Yb with a half- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

Cobalt 1735 G. Brandt 1735 G. Brandt Proved that the blue color of glass is due to a new kind of metal and not bismuth as ... Marinsky, J. A.; Glendenin, L. E.; Coryell, C. D. (1947). "The chemical identification of radioisotopes of neodymium and of ... "27 Cobalt". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12.. *^ "78 Platinum". Elements.vanderkrogt.net. Retrieved 2008-09-12. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discovery

... radioisotope Radium Radon Radon fluoride Raman spectroscopy Raoult's law Redox Reduction Reflux Reversible reaction Rhazes ... Chromite Chromium Chrysoberyl Chrysolite cinnabar Cinnabarite Citric acid Citrine quartz Clay Cleveite Coal Cobalt Coinage ... Svante Arrhenius Syenite Sylvite synthetic radioisotope systematic element name Tabun Talc Talcum Tantalite Tantalum Tanzanite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_chemistry_articles

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... While most of germanium's radioisotopes decay by beta decay, 61. Ge. and 64. Ge. decay by β+. delayed proton emission.[46] 84. ... At least 27 radioisotopes have also been synthesized, ranging in atomic mass from 58 to 89. The most stable of these is 68. Ge ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Fourteen radioisotopes have been characterized. The most stable are 15O with a half-life of 122.24 seconds and 14O with a half- ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اکسیژن?match=en

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

The reliability, flexibility and accuracy of the radiation beam produced has largely supplanted the older use of cobalt-60 ... radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_accelerator

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... 19 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 50Cr with a half-life of (more than) 1.8×1017 years, and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of 3.78 years.[12] It is made by the neutron activation of stable ... The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small, nontoxic amounts as an agent in a nuclear ... "Manual for reactor produced radioisotopes" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. 2003. Retrieved 2010-05-13.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... is also sometimes considered as a light radioisotope of hydrogen, due to the mass difference between the antimuon and the ... 5 compounds between yttrium or thorium and nickel or cobalt". Inorganic Chemistry. 13 (9): 2282-2283. doi:10.1021/ic50139a050. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E949

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... allowing the use of radioisotope rubidium-82 in nuclear medicine to locate and image brain tumors.[50] Rubidium-82 has a very ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium

Cobalt. Nickel. Copper. Zinc. Gallium. Germanium. Arsenic. Selenium. Bromine. Krypton. Rubidium. Strontium. Yttrium. Zirconium ... The most stable radioisotopes are 107Pd with a half-life of 6.5 million years (found in nature), 103Pd with 17 days, and 100Pd ... Eighteen other radioisotopes have been characterized with atomic weights ranging from 90.94948(64) u (91Pd) to 122.93426(64) u ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are 194. Hg with a half-life of 444 years, and 203. Hg ... Most of the remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. 199. Hg and 201. Hg are the most often studied ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... The most stable chlorine radioisotope is 36Cl. The primary decay mode of isotopes lighter than 35Cl is electron capture to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Thirty-six radioisotopes have been characterized, with the heaviest being terbium-171 (with atomic mass of 170.95330(86) u) and ... lightest being terbium-135 (exact mass unknown).[12] The most stable synthetic radioisotopes of terbium are terbium-158, with a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium

Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... K are foond in aw potassium, an it is the maist common radioisotope in the human bouk. ...

https://sco.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... About 20 radioisotopes and 7 nuclear isomers between 233Cm and 252Cm are known for curium, and no stable isotopes. The longest ... They predominantly emit α-particles, and the heat released in this process can serve as a heat source in radioisotope ... A more promising application of 242Cm is to produce 238Pu, a more suitable radioisotope for thermoelectric generators such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Therefore, 210Po is used as an atomic heat source to power radioisotope thermoelectric generators via thermoelectric materials. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium

... cobalt or tungsten-nickel-cobalt alloys, also possess carcinogenic properties: rats implanted with a pellet of such alloys ... Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator. *Accidents and incidents. *Policy. *Fusion. *Radioisotope thermoelectric ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depleted_uranium

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the least active radioisotope, followed by 72. Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours.[ ... The most common decay mode of a radioisotope of zinc with a mass number lower than 66 is electron capture. The decay product ... The most common decay mode of a radioisotope of zinc with mass number higher than 66 is beta decay (β−), which produces an ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc

Cobalt. Nickel. Copper. Zinc. Gallium. Germanium. Arsenic. Selenium. Bromine. Krypton. Rubidium. Strontium. Yttrium. Zirconium ... Carbon-14 (14C) is a naturally occurring radioisotope, created in the upper atmosphere (lower stratosphere and upper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous

Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium ... Caesium-137 is a radioisotope commonly used as a gamma-emitter in industrial applications. Its advantages include a half-life ... Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, a fission product, are extracted from ... it does not alloy with cobalt, iron, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tantalum, or tungsten. It forms well-defined intermetallic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium

You have 14,000 atoms of radioisotope x, which has a half life of 1000 years how much of radioisotope x is after 9000 years ? ... cobalt-60 has a half-life of 5.26 years, how much of a 500 gram sample will be left after 21 years ... Cobalt-60 has a 30 year half-life. How much of an 80 gram sample would remain after 60 years? ... the half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.20 years.. how many milligrams of a 2.000-mg sample remains after 6.55 years ...

https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1361048017

TUMEUR TETE COU SCINTIGRAPHIE COBALT 57 EPITHELIOMA SPINOCELLULAIRE SARCOME HYPOPHARYNX LARYNX SINUS MAXILLAIRE ADENOPATHIE ... MALIGNE METASTATIQUE COU COMPLEXE HOMME SINUS FACE RADIOISOTOPE EXPLORATION RADIOISOTOPIQUE ORL BLEOMYCINE DIAGNOSTIC ...

https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCAL7531002294

Nonradioactive cobalt occurs naturally in various minerals and has long been used as a blue coloring agent for ceramic and ... www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/cobalt.htmlexternal icon. ... Cobalt-60 (Co-60)plus icon *Radioisotope Brief. *Toxicological ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/isotopes/cobalt.htm

Radioisotope Brief. * Toxicological Profile. Toxicologic & adverse health effects information from the Agency for Toxic ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/emergencies/isotopes/cobalt/index.htm

BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CHARGED PARTICLES; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; COBALT ISOTOPES; ... RADIOISOTOPES; SECONDS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; SILVER ISOTOPES; SODIUM ISOTOPES; THERMAL ANALYSIS; TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS; ... The compositions of the cobalt and silver-exchanged forms of synthetic zeolite Sieve A have been determined by radiochemical ... abstractNote = {The compositions of the cobalt and silver-exchanged forms of synthetic zeolite Sieve A have been determined by ...

https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/7137858

EVALUATION OF CUPRIMINE® AND SYPRINE® FOR DECORPORATION OF RADIOISOTOPES OF CESIUM, COBALT, IRIDIUM AND STRONTIUM. Levitskaia, ...

http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/toc/2011/08000

Cobalt Radioisotopes*. Humans. Iridium Radioisotopes*. Quality Assurance, Health Care*. Radiometry / instrumentation*. Chemical ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Quality-assurance-in-brachytherapy-displacement/8248290.html

Chemicals/CAS: Cobalt Radioisotopes; Codon; DNA Polymerase I, EC 2.7.7.-; DNA, Viral; Oxygen, 7782-44-7 ... Chemicals/CAS: DNA, 9007-49-2; oxygen, 7782-44-7; thiol derivative, 13940-21-1; Azo Compounds; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Cyclic N- ... Cobalt Radioisotopes · Codon · Coliphages · DNA Polymerase I · DNA Repair · DNA, Viral · Escherichia coli · Gamma Rays · ... Cobalt Radioisotopes · Coliphages · Cyclic N-Oxides · Cysteamine · DNA Viruses · DNA, Circular · DNA, Viral · Dose-Response ...

https://repository.tudelft.nl/search/tno/?q=subject%3A%22Bacteriophage%22

The main radioisotopes involved are strontium, cesium, and some cobalt. Cobalt has approximately a five-year half-life, but ... However, on a mass quantity and in terms of ordinary toxicology, an enormous amount of cobalt-60 would decay to such a tiny ... Also, the amount of cesium, strontium, and cobalt in fish in the Clinch River is very low. The calculated dose from eating fish ... Then there are some of the longer-lived half-lives such as cobalt-60, which can be distributed throughout the entire body. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/oakridge/orr/m2_3_04p2.html

There is only one stable isotope of cobalt, which has an atomic weight of 59. (An element may have several different forms, ... Cobalt is a naturally-occurring element that has properties similar to those of iron and nickel. It has an atomic number of 27 ... 60Co is the most important radioisotope of cobalt. It is produced by bombarding natural cobalt, 59Co, with neutrons in a ... cobalt-60 and cobalt-57, also written as Co-60 or 60Co and Co-57 or 57Co, and read as cobalt sixty and cobalt fifty-seven. All ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=371&toxid=64

Read this full essay on Radioisotopes uses in medicine and industry - Preliminary chemistry - Research Paper. Radioisotopes in ... Cobalt-60 in Industry Apart from being used in the treatment of cancer and radiotherapy, Cobalt-60 is utilized in industry in ... Cobalt- 60 is used commonly for sterilization of spices and foods before they are distributed. It is also used for the ... Radioisotopes in Medicine and Industry Technetium-99m uses in Medicine Technetium-99m is utilized in over 20 million nuclear ...

https://ostatic.com/essays/radioisotopes-uses-in-medicine-and-industry-preliminary-chemistry-research-paper

Radioisotopes uses in medicine and industry - Preliminary chemistry - Research Paper. 511 words - 3 pages ]. Marsh, G. (2019). ... Uses of Cobalt-60. [online] Radioactive Isotopes. Available at: https://radioactiveisotopes.weebly.com/uses-of-cobalt-60.html [ ...

https://ostatic.com/essays/chemistry-review-study-guide-full-book-chemistry-a-chemistry-review

Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly ... the use of radioisotopes for diagnostics, radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals and other beneficial medical uses of nuclear ... Other medical radioisotopes. Cobalt-60 has mostly come from Candu power reactors by irradiation of Co-59 in special rods for up ... The global radioisotope market was valued at $9.6 billion in 2016, with medical radioisotopes accounting for about 80% of this ...

https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/radioisotopes-research/radioisotopes-in-medicine.aspx

... cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum; The other transition metals and zinc; The metalloids: arsenic, antimony, selenium, ... tellurium and boron; The new metal contaminants; The radioactive metals; Radioisotopes; The catalytic metals; The electronic ...

https://www.ebooks.com/214166/metal-contamination-of-food/reilly-conor/

Radioisotopes: Cobalt-60, Lutetium-177, Holmium-166 and Terbium-161 Irradiation facility for large volumes. (Photo: A. Voit/TUM ... At the FRM II the radioactive cobalt-60 is produced via neutron capture by the stable isotope cobalt-59. The irradiated Co ... The radioisotopes Lutetium-177, Ho-166 and Terbium-161, also produced in the reactor pool at the FRM II, serve first and ...

https://www.frm2.tum.de/en/industry-medicine/

Such radioisotopes as cobalt-60 and cesium-137 are widely used to treat cancer. They can be administered selectively to ...

https://www.britannica.com/search?query=widgie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold-198

Cobalt Radioisotopes / administration & dosage * Cobalt Radioisotopes / pharmacokinetics* * Cobalt Radioisotopes / toxicity* * ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19959951/

Cobalt Absorption. Gastrointestinal Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Radiocesium Intestinal Absorption of Strontium ... use of radioisotopes to assess intestinal flux of calcium in humans; and calcium and structure of cell membranes. The ... intestinal absorption of zinc, cobalt, and strontium and absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract are underscored. ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/intestinal-absorption-of-metal-ions-trace-elements-and-radionuclides/skoryna/978-0-08-015721-4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Marsden

Radioisotope Competitive Edge: Cobalt 60 Units vs. Linear Accelerators Comparative Assessment of Teletherapy Units and Linear ... Systemic Radioisotope Therapy (RIT) Radiation Therapy for Treating Oral Cancer Other Forms of Radiation Therapy Photoradiation ... Benefits of LINACs over Cobalt 60 Units Treatment Planning System: An Innovative Technique in Radiation Therapy Radiation ...

https://www.marketresearch.com/Global-Industry-Analysts-v1039/Radiation-Therapy-Equipment-10855578/

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope

what radioisotope would be used to kill certain cancerous tumors cobalt-60 ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/1st-test-302451/packs/688617

The start of radioisotope cobalt-60 production at Kursk NPP; the ROSATOMs joining the best employers rating of Russia 2018; ... The start of radioisotope cobalt-60 production at Kursk NPP; the ROSATOMs joining the best employers rating of Russia 2018; ... 17 December, 2018 The start of radioisotope cobalt-60 production at Kursk NPP; the ROSATOMs joining the best employers rating ...

https://www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/videogallery/

Vitamin B 12 can be tagged with a radioisotope of cobalt to study the absorption of the vitamin from the gastrointestinal tract ... June 2007-50 Which radioisotope is used in medicine to treat thyroid disorders?. (1) cobalt-60 (3) phosphorus-32. (2) iodine- ... 2) cobalt-60 (4) uranium-238. June 2003-39 Which isotope is most commonly used in the radioactive dating of the remains of ... Jan 2006-50 The decay of which radioisotope can be used to estimate the age of the fossilized remains of an insect?. (1) Rn-222 ...

http://kentchemistry.com/links/Nuclear/radioisotopes.htm

... external sources of radiation such as x-ray machines and cobalt-60 therapy units; and liquid radioisotopes such as iodine-131 ... Beta particles are high-energy electrons, which are emitted by radioisotopes of lighter elements. Gamma rays are high-energy ... Alpha particles are high-energy helium-4 nuclei consisting of two protons and two neutrons, which are emitted by radioisotopes ... The distinction between the two is that gamma rays originate from the decay of radioacive substances (like radium and cobalt-60 ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/radiation+therapy

The radioisotope used, cobalt- 60, is a powerful gamma-ray emitter. The radiation is aimed at the target area with the aid of ... A cobalt source is being used, which delivers a finite, high-power dose to a localised area. ... A cobalt source is being used, which delivers a finite, high-power dose to a localised area. The radioisotope used, cobalt- 60 ...

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/282689/view

For example, radioisotopes of the elements copper, cobalt, gallium, germanium, yttrium, strontium, technetium, indium, ... 2. for the radiodiagnosis and the radiotherapy in the form of their complexes with the radioisotopes of the elements with ... Suitable ions are, for example, the chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), praseodymium( ... Another imaging method with radioisotopes is the positron emission tomography, which uses positron-emitting isotopes, such as, ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5843399?dq=5,072,412

In magnets, medical radio-isotopes and (as a compound) blue or green pigment in ceramics and glasses. ... Cobalt blue was known even earlier in China and was used for pottery glazes.[4] Modern cobalt was officially discovered by a ... Cobalt salts have been used for centuries to give pottery and other items a blue color. Radioactive cobalt-60 is also useful to ... Cobalt (KO-bolt) is a lustrous, silvery-blue metal which is magnetic.[1] ...

https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cobalt

The cobalt and copper analogs are nonfluorescent. Metal free phthalocyanines are not capable of being rendered reactive or ... The field of nuclear medicine utilizes radioisotopes, usually gamma-emitting isotopes, for diagnostic purposes. Radioactive ... Metz, J. et al., Synthesis and properties of substituted ( phthalocyanito)iron and -cobalt compounds and their pyridine ... Metallophthalocyanines and TBTAPs suitable for radioactive imaging and therapeutic applications would bear radioisotopes of ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5346670?dq=3798359

Radioisotopes have become increasingly more important in many fields in the past 60 years or so. Some radioisotopes are ... An example of this reaction is the production from cobalt-59 to cobalt-60, a good source of gamma radiation for many ... Over one thousand radioisotopes-radioactive isotopes-either exist in nature or have been made artificially by bombarding stable ... producing a ther-apeutically useful radioisotope of sodium. Newer radioisotopes produced this way for medical applications ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/physics/physics/isotope

Such radioisotopes as cobalt-60 and cesium-137 are widely used to treat cancer. (britannica.com)
Both cobalt-60 and cesium-137 have only a few gamma energies which make them close to monochromatic. (citizendium.org)
The photon energy of cobalt-60 is higher than that if cesium-137 which allows cobalt sources to be used to examine thicker sections of metals than those which could be examined with Cs-137. (citizendium.org)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved three radiation sources for use on foods: gamma rays from radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60 or Cesium-137, x-rays, and electron beam technology. (ift.org)
They're using Cobalt 60(Co-60) and Cesium 137(Cs-137) to generate gamma rays for irradiating food. (peeniewallie.com)
Gems are exposed to radiation emitted by Cobalt-60 or Cesium-137, both highly radioactive isotopes (or "radioisotopes") of these two elements. (palagems.com)
Margaret Melhase and I discovered cesium-137, which has found substantial use as a gamma-ray source in a variety of medical applications, similar in practice to that of cobalt-60. (lbl.gov)
But now a days we do have the technology to identify people who would want to detonate 100lbs of C-4 strapped to a container of Cobalt 60 or Cesium 137. (dropzone.com)
Interpretation of the gamma energy spectra can make possible the determination of which specific radioisotopes contribute to the observed man-made gamma radiation, either as direct or as indirect (i.e., daughter) gamma energy from specific radionuclides (e.g., cesium-137, cobalt-60, uranium-238). (unt.edu)
FDA-approved sources of ionizing radiation are gamma rays produced by the radioisotopes cobalt-60 or cesium-137, and machine-generated X-rays and electrons. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

There is only one stable has been found in at least 426 of the 1,636 current isotope of cobalt, which has an atomic mass number or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
The half-life of a cobalt isotope is the time colorants in glass, ceramics, and paints, as catalysts, that it takes for half of that isotope to give off its and as paint driers. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt colorants have a radiation and change into a different isotope. (cdc.gov)
There is only one stable isotope of cobalt, which has an atomic mass number of 59. (cdc.gov)
The half-life of a cobalt isotope is the time that it takes for half of that isotope to give off its radiation and change into a different isotope. (cdc.gov)
At the FRM II the radioactive cobalt-60 is produced via neutron capture by the stable isotope cobalt-59. (tum.de)
A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
Cobalt 60 is produced artificially by neutron activation of the isotope. (writework.com)
The 59 Fe which might form has a short half life, so by allowing a cobalt source to stand for a year much of this isotope will decay away. (citizendium.org)
Cobalt occurs naturally as only one stable isotope, cobalt-59. (phys.org)
A radioactive isotope, cobalt-60 (with gamma ray emission 25 times that of radium), is prepared by neutron bombardment. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cobalt-60 is the most common isotope and is widely utilized in medicine for the treatment of brain tumors and other central nervous system disorders. (livestrong.com)
Mexican troops have recovered a stolen shipment of radioactive Cobalt-60 isotope, abandoned by truck thieves who face the risk of a slow lingering death from radiation poisoning. (theregister.co.uk)
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy is moving ahead with efforts to use its isotope generation technology to establish U.S. commercial production of cobalt-60, a radioisotope used for treating cancer and other biomedical applications. (wilmington.net)

John J. Livingood and I discovered radioisotopes, including iodine-131 and cobalt-60, that are crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. (lbl.gov)
He discovered radioisotopes like 'cobalt-60' and 'iodine-131' which are used to treat life-threatening diseases. (thefamouspeople.com)

In addition, AECL manufactures nuclear medicine radioisotopes for supply to MDS Nordion in Ottawa, Ontario , and is the world's largest supplier of molybdenum -99 for diagnostic tests, and cobalt-60 for cancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)

For more information about Co-60, see the Public Health Statement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html , or visit the Environmental Protection Agency at http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/radionuclides/cobalt.html external icon . (cdc.gov)
Radionuclides also termed as radioisotopes are elements that possess radioactivity. (omicsonline.org)
Sterilization of surgical instruments such as syringes, gloves, clothing and instruments using gamma mitting radionuclides including Cobalt-60, Cs-137 etc. [ 7 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Unstable atoms are called radioisotopes or radionuclides . (ratical.org)

All isotopes of cobalt behave the same as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. (cdc.gov)
All isotopes of cobalt behave the same chemically and will therefore have the same chemical behavior in the environment and the same chemical effects on your body. (cdc.gov)

however, not all cobalt one half-life, one-half of the radioactivity is gone. (cdc.gov)

Cobalt silicate and cobalt(II) aluminate (CoAl2O4, cobalt blue) give a distinctive deep blue color to glass, smalt, ceramics, inks, paints and varnishes. (phys.org)

Cobalt products sales accounted for approximately 7% of the Company's total revenue in 2017 and approximately 13% in 2016. (biospace.com)
During 2017, however, the Company successfully contracted with a supplier for significant quantities of bulk cobalt with deliveries starting in 2018. (biospace.com)

The main radioisotopes involved are strontium, cesium, and some cobalt. (cdc.gov)
The intestinal absorption of zinc, cobalt, and strontium and absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract are underscored. (elsevier.com)
Other reactor-produced radioisotopes continue to play a major role in research, and recent advances in many fields (such as molecular biology, including the Human Genome Project) could not have been accomplished without the use of 32 P. In addition, many of the isotopes useful for therapeutic applications, such as strontium-89 for the palliation of metastatic bone pain, are produced in reactors. (nap.edu)

[4] Modern cobalt was officially discovered by a Swedish chemist named Georg Brandt, in 1739. (conservapedia.com)
Cobalt was discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt, a Swedish chemist. (thefreedictionary.com)

Stable cobalt an atomic number of 27. (cdc.gov)
Stable cobalt has been found in at least 426 of the 1,636 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
Unstable cobalt-60 gives off gamma radiation as it decays to a stable form. (naturalproductsinsider.com)

Apart from being used in the treatment of cancer and radiotherapy, Cobalt-60 is utilized in industry in many different ways. (ostatic.com)
Radiation therapy, sometimes called radiotherapy, x-ray therapy radiation treatment, cobalt therapy, electron beam therapy, or irradiation uses high energy, penetrating waves or particles such as x rays, gamma rays, proton rays, or neutron rays to destroy cancer cells or keep them from reproducing. (thefreedictionary.com)

Cobalt (KO-bolt) is a lustrous, silvery-blue metal which is magnetic. (conservapedia.com)

Cobalt-based blue pigments have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass, but the color was later thought by alchemists to be due to the known metal bismuth. (phys.org)

Nonradioactive cobalt occurs naturally in various minerals and has long been used as a blue coloring agent for ceramic and glass. (cdc.gov)
Since Cobalt-60 is naturally unstable, it emits two gamma rays which provide the energy to sterilize objects. (ostatic.com)
The attributes of naturally decaying atoms, known as radioisotopes, give rise to several applications across many aspects of modern day life (see also information paper on The Many Uses of Nuclear Technology ). (world-nuclear.org)
Cobalt is a naturally-occurring element that has properties similar to those of iron and nickel. (cdc.gov)

Cobalt compounds are used as give off. (cdc.gov)
The element is active chemically, forming many compounds, e.g., the series of cobaltous and cobaltic salts and the complex cobalt ammines derived from cobaltic salts and ammonia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Pure cobalt metal is prepared by reduction of its compounds by aluminum (the Goldschmidt process), by carbon, or by hydrogen. (thefreedictionary.com)

cobalt-60 and caesium-137. (writework.com)
Under Eisenhower's educational "Atoms for Peace" programme, a schoolchild in the 1950s could order small quantities of radio isotopes to their home, so Hull wrote to the US nuclear facilities for free samples of caesium-137, sulphur-42 and cobalt-60. (newstatesman.com)

Under the agreement, VinAtom and TINT will cooperate in the fields of radioisotope production in research reactors and accelerators, as well as radiation treatment equipment using cobalt-60 irradiation and electron accelerators. (world-nuclear-news.org)

Cobalt is used in several alloys, including Alnico . (conservapedia.com)
Cobalt is used in the preparation of magnetic, wear-resistant and high-strength alloys. (phys.org)
Like nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron . (cfapps.io)
Cobalt is primarily used in the manufacture of magnetic , wear-resistant and high-strength alloys . (cfapps.io)

April 1, 2020 -- Strong growth in radiochemical product sales wasn't enough to overcome sharp declines for radioisotope manufacturer International Isotopes in cobalt sales and radiological services in 2019. (auntminnie.com)
International Isotopes makes nuclear medicine calibration and reference standards, high purity fluoride gases, and a variety of cobalt-60 products such as teletherapy sources. (bioworld.com)

Over 40 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing at up to 5% annually. (world-nuclear.org)
In developed countries (a quarter of the world population) about one person in 50 uses diagnostic nuclear medicine each year, and the frequency of therapy with radioisotopes is about one-tenth of this. (world-nuclear.org)
The most common radioisotope used in diagnosis is technetium-99 (Tc-99), with some 40 million procedures per year, accounting for about 80% of all nuclear medicine procedures and 85% of diagnostic scans in nuclear medicine worldwide. (world-nuclear.org)
During the late 1930's, my co-workers and I discovered a number of radioisotopes that have become the workhorses of nuclear medicine. (lbl.gov)
In all, eight radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine were discovered by my co-workers and me. (lbl.gov)

Cobalt is a hard, brittle metal, which is similar in appearance to iron and nickel. (conservapedia.com)
In the case of cobalt it is common to alloy it with nickel to improve the mechanical properties. (citizendium.org)
Nowadays, some cobalt is produced specifically from various metallic-lustered ores, for example cobaltite (CoAsS), but the main source of the element is as a by-product of copper and nickel mining. (phys.org)
Today, some cobalt is produced specifically from one of a number of metallic-lustered ores, such as for example cobaltite (Co As S ). The element is however more usually produced as a by-product of copper and nickel mining. (cfapps.io)

The radioisotope used, cobalt- 60, is a powerful gamma-ray emitter. (sciencephoto.com)

The gamma radiation emitted by the cobalt-60 radioisotope is ionizing, with high penetration power, which when interacting with the products, even inside its packages, transfers its energy by means of collisions to the electrons of the atoms that make up the products. (usp.br)

However, the main radioisotopes such as Tc-99m cannot effectively be produced without reactors. (world-nuclear.org)
We are also studying the kinetics of oxide complexation in multi-phase reactors such as Cement rotary kilns using in situ radioisotope particle tracking. (amrita.edu)
Cobalt is a nonradioactive metal found in nature from which radioactive isotopes can be produced by linear accelerators (for medical and commercial uses) and nuclear reactors (as a waste by-product). (livestrong.com)

Cobalt- 60 is used commonly for sterilization of spices and foods before they are distributed. (ostatic.com)
Sterilization of medical equipment is also an important use of radioisotopes. (world-nuclear.org)
Thus radioisotopes could be used for numerous biomedical purposes such as cancer and tumour treatment, imaging, biochemical assays, biological labelling, sterilization, clinical diagnostics, radioactive dating etc. (omicsonline.org)
Gamma sterilization uses the radioisotope cobalt 60 as the energy source to sterilize some medical supply products. (thefreedictionary.com)
As a global leader in mission-critical services to ensure the safety of healthcare, Sotera Health has 62 facilities in 13 countries and provides rigorous lab services, comprehensive sterilization solutions, and a reliable global supply of radioisotopes to the medical device, pharmaceutical, tissue, and food industries. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
Nordion ensures the reliable supply of Cobalt-60, the primary input to the gamma sterilization process, to the leaders in healthcare, including sister company Sterigenics. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)

of which are commercially important, cobalt-60 and cobalt-57, also written as Co-60 or 60Co and When a substance is released from a large area, Co-57 or 57Co, and read as cobalt sixty and cobalt such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such fifty-seven. (cdc.gov)
However, there are many unstable or radioactive isotopes, two of which are commercially important, cobalt-60 and cobalt-57, also written as Co-60 or 60 Co and Co-57 or 57 Co, and read as cobalt sixty and cobalt fifty-seven. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and in the production of gamma rays. (phys.org)

The isotopes of an element, therefore, As more sites are evaluated, the sites at which have different atomic mass numbers [number of cobalt is found may increase. (cdc.gov)
Cobalt ( /ˈkoʊbɒlt/ or /ˈkoʊbɔːlt/) is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. (phys.org)

Cobalt chloride, used as an invisible ink, is almost colorless in dilute solution when applied to paper. (thefreedictionary.com)

There is widespread awareness of the use of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine, particularly for diagnosis (identification) and therapy (treatment) of various medical conditions. (world-nuclear.org)
Radioisotope is used for biological labelling of cells or entities for identification or tracing specific molecules in an organism. (omicsonline.org)

Cobalt salts have been used for centuries to give pottery and other items a blue color. (conservapedia.com)

Iridium-192 has a lower photon energy than cobalt-60 and its gamma spectrum is complex (many lines of very different energies), but this can be an advantage as this can give better contrast for the final photographs. (citizendium.org)
It has been known for many years that a inactive iridium or cobalt metal object can be machined to size. (citizendium.org)
A transport packaging set is intended for storage and shipment of radioactive materials including ionizing sources based on non-fissionable materials, such as high total activity cobalt, iridium, californium, etc. (niiar.ru)

I like to [compare] Cobalt-60 radiation technology to what I would consider to be like the carburetor technology of automotive cars and electron beam and x-ray technologies to be the more modern version[s]," Pillai asserts. (ift.org)

This therapy makes use of radioisotopes that emits radiations upon their decay. (omicsonline.org)
In the process of achieving stability a part of the nucleus of a radioisotope disintegrates and emits particles and energy. (ratical.org)

These objects can be processed by neutron activation to form gamma emitting radioisotopes. (citizendium.org)

During late 2018, and each year thereafter, the Company expects to receive shipments of that processed cobalt from the ATR. (biospace.com)

Vitamin B 12 can be tagged with a radioisotope of cobalt to study the absorption of the vitamin from the gastrointestinal tract. (kentchemistry.com)

Nordion provides mission-critical radioisotopes used for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)

Radioisotopes are widely used for a number of purposes following are some major applications of radioisotope. (omicsonline.org)
S 35 P 32 and I 125 are widely used radioisotopes used for labelling [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Cobalt-60 is one of the most widely used of all radioactive isotopes. (paravac.eu)

Archaeologists can calculate the age of plants that lived in the past because radioisotopes decay at the same time rate. (pe.kr)

Radioisotopes of iron and chromium were also valuable in applications in hematology. (nap.edu)

The decrease is the result of the continuing interruption in cobalt supply from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) which started in 2014, and the Company's limited options for obtaining alternate cobalt supplies in the global marketplace. (biospace.com)
Cobalt products were historically the Company's largest revenue segment prior to the supply interruption in 2014, and with the additional long-term sources of supply, we expect cobalt products to be a large revenue contributor going forward. (biospace.com)
However, cobalt sales dropped by 59%, while revenues from the company's radiological services business fell by 58%, according to the firm. (auntminnie.com)

Radiography services for weld inspection utilizing Cobalt 60. (paravac.eu)

The gamma radiation which is emitted from Cobalt-60 effectively kills bacteria and other pathogens without affecting the origi. (ostatic.com)
Cobalt is also an active nutrient for bacteria, algae and fungi. (phys.org)
Cobalt in inorganic form is also a micronutrient for bacteria , algae , and fungi . (cfapps.io)

This has been used extensively since artificial radioisotopes became available in the 1950s, as a supplement to millennia of investigations using other tracing techniques. (wikipedia.org)
Artificial radioisotopes in hydrological investigation: A review of specific applications (PDF) (Report). (wikipedia.org)

Dec 05, 2013· After a two-day hunt, a stolen truck containing the lethal radioactive material cobalt 60 was found in the rural Mexican town of Hueypoxtla. (paravac.eu)

In recent years specialists have also come from radiology, as dual PET/CT (positron emission tomography with computerised tomography) procedures have become established, increasing the role of accelerators in radioisotope production. (world-nuclear.org)

Elemental cobalt is a hard, silvery grey metal. (cdc.gov)
The copper belt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia yields most of the cobalt metal mined worldwide. (phys.org)
Cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal with a specific gravity of 8.9. (cfapps.io)
Cobalt is a weakly reducing metal that is protected from oxidation by a passivating oxide film. (cfapps.io)

In 2015, we executed a ten-year production purchase agreement with the DOE for bulk cobalt produced in the ATR. (biospace.com)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) played a pioneering role in the development of the first full-scale operating reactor prototype and the initial production of radioisotopes for applications in medical and biological research (Mirzadeh et al. (nap.edu)
At the first stage of Mo-99 production startup, a rod-type target was chosen the optimal one based on a comparative analysis of thermal-hydraulic parameters taking into account the well-established procedures to fabricate targets to be used for radioisotopes accumulation. (niiar.ru)

The global radioisotope market was valued at $9.6 billion in 2016, with medical radioisotopes accounting for about 80% of this, and it is poised to reach about $17 billion by 2021. (world-nuclear.org)

In 1939 he pioneered the non-medical use of radioisotopes in New Zealand, and conducted a series of experiments to determine the role of cobalt in animal metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

Several gamma-emitting radioisotopes are used, one of which is technetium-99m. (peeniewallie.com)

A cobalt source is being used, which delivers a finite, high-power dose to a localised area. (sciencephoto.com)
For example cobalt-60 is use as a source of gamma radiation for radionuclide therapy, gamma knife radiosurgery and brachytherapy. (omicsonline.org)
Right now, the most commonly used radiation source for food is Cobalt-60. (ift.org)

Diagnostic procedures using radioisotopes are now routine. (world-nuclear.org)
Radioisotopes are an essential part of medical diagnostic procedures. (world-nuclear.org)

There are still some of the long-lived radioisotopes in the banks. (cdc.gov)
A recent paper reports the levels of long lived radioisotopes in the trinitite. (wikipedia.org)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

RSR13, an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, and carbogen radiosensitize FSAII and SCCVII tumours in C3H mice. (1/346)

Genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive mutations in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. (2/346)

Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. (3/346)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. (4/346)

Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles. (5/346)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate on hematopoietic injury by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in Wistar rats. (6/346)

Base substitution spectra of nalidixylate resistant mutations induced by monochromatic soft X and 60Co gamma-rays in Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/346)

Syrian hamster dermal cell immortalization is not enhanced by power line frequency electromagnetic field exposure. (8/346)

Cobalt Radioisotopes

Cobalt

Radioisotopes

Zinc Radioisotopes

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Strontium Radioisotopes

Iodine Radioisotopes

Krypton Radioisotopes

Cobalt Isotopes

Indium Radioisotopes

Sodium Radioisotopes

Radioactivity

Barium Radioisotopes

Radionuclide Imaging

Yttrium Radioisotopes

Tin Radioisotopes

Carbon Radioisotopes

Iron Radioisotopes

Copper Radioisotopes

Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Beta Particles

Technetium

Mercury Radioisotopes

Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid

Cesium Isotopes

Cerium Radioisotopes

Hafnium

Gold Radioisotopes

Isotope Labeling

Lead Radioisotopes

Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope

Zinc Isotopes

Sulfur Radioisotopes

Cadmium Radioisotopes

Astatine

Radioimmunotherapy

Tungsten

Lutetium

Nickel

Rhenium

Samarium

Radiopharmaceuticals

Soil Pollutants, Radioactive

Radioisotope Teletherapy

Bromine Radioisotopes

Scintillation Counting

Subdural Effusion

Calcium Isotopes

Radioactive Waste

Vitamin B 12

Chromium

Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated

Chromium Alloys

Spectrometry, Gamma

Ruthenium Radioisotopes

Radiometric Dating

Selenium Radioisotopes

Alpha Particles

Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring

Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m

Organometallic Compounds

Tissue Distribution

Isotopes

Pentetic Acid

Nuclear Medicine

RSR13, an allosteric effector of haemoglobin, and carbogen radiosensitize FSAII and SCCVII tumours in C3H mice. (1/346)

Genetic analysis of radiation-sensitive mutations in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. (2/346)

Change in centromeric and acentromeric micronucleus frequencies in human populations after chronic radiation exposure. (3/346)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and drugs elevating extracellular adenosine act additively to enhance the hemopoietic spleen colony formation in irradiated mice. (4/346)

Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles. (5/346)

Radioprotective effects of sodium tungstate on hematopoietic injury by exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in Wistar rats. (6/346)

Base substitution spectra of nalidixylate resistant mutations induced by monochromatic soft X and 60Co gamma-rays in Bacillus subtilis spores. (7/346)

Syrian hamster dermal cell immortalization is not enhanced by power line frequency electromagnetic field exposure. (8/346)

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