Coal
Coal Tar
A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
Pneumoconiosis
A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.
Anthracosis
Heating
Quartz
Waste Products
Anthracosilicosis
Occupational Exposure
Fossil Fuels
Appalachian Region
A geographical area of the United States with no definite boundaries but comprising northeastern Alabama, northwestern Georgia, northwestern South Carolina, western North Carolina, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, western Virginia, West Virginia, western Maryland, southwestern Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, and southern New York.
Cooking
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.)
Industrial Waste
Incineration
Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: a review. (1/268)
Chronic inhalation of coal dust can cause several lung disorders, including simple coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP), progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), chronic bronchitis, lung function loss, and emphysema. This review focuses on the cellular actions and interactions of key inflammatory cells and target cells in coal dust toxicity and related lung disorders, i.e. macrophages and neutrophils, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Factors released from or affecting these cells are outlined in separate sections, i.e. (1) reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related antioxidant protection mechanisms, and (2) cytokines, growth factors and related proteins. Furthermore, (3) components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including the modifying role of ROS, cytokines, proteases and antiproteases are discussed in relation to tissue damage and remodelling in the respiratory tract. It is recognised that inhaled coal dust particles are important non-cellular and cellular sources of ROS in the lung, and may be significantly involved in the damage of lung target cells as well as important macromolecules including alpha-1-antitrypsin and DNA. In vitro and in vivo studies with coal dusts showed the up-regulation of important leukocyte recruiting factors, e.g. Leukotriene-B4 (LTB4), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF alpha), as well as the neutrophil adhesion factor Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Coal dust particles are also known to stimulate the (macrophage) production of various factors with potential capacity to modulate lung cells and/or extracellular matrix, including O2-., H2O2, and NO, fibroblast chemoattractants (e.g. Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF beta), PDGF, and fibronectin) and a number of factors that have been shown to stimulate and/or inhibit fibroblast growth or collagen production such as (TNF alpha, TGF beta, PDGF, Insulin Like Growth Factor, and Prostaglandin-E2). Further studies are needed to clarify the in vivo kinetics and relative impact of these factors. (+info)Health impacts of domestic coal use in China. (2/268)
Domestic coal combustion has had profound adverse effects on the health of millions of people worldwide. In China alone several hundred million people commonly burn raw coal in unvented stoves that permeate their homes with high levels of toxic metals and organic compounds. At least 3,000 people in Guizhou Province in southwest China are suffering from severe arsenic poisoning. The primary source of the arsenic appears to be consumption of chili peppers dried over fires fueled with high-arsenic coal. Coal samples in the region were found to contain up to 35,000 ppm arsenic. Chili peppers dried over high-arsenic coal fires adsorb 500 ppm arsenic on average. More than 10 million people in Guizhou Province and surrounding areas suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis. The excess fluorine is caused by eating corn dried over burning briquettes made from high-fluorine coals and high-fluorine clay binders. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during coal combustion are believed to cause or contribute to the high incidence of esophageal and lung cancers in parts of China. Domestic coal combustion also has caused selenium poisoning and possibly mercury poisoning. Better knowledge of coal quality parameters may help to reduce some of these health problems. For example, information on concentrations and distributions of potentially toxic elements in coal may help delineate areas of a coal deposit to be avoided. Information on the modes of occurrence of these elements and the textural relations of the minerals and macerals in coal may help predict the behavior of the potentially toxic components during coal combustion. (+info)Molecular epidemiological study of non-small-cell lung cancer from an environmentally polluted region of Poland. (3/268)
The p53 mutation spectrum can generate hypotheses linking carcinogen exposure to human cancer. Although it is well-documented that tobacco smoking is a major cause of lung cancer, the contribution of air pollution is less well-established. We determined the molecular and immunohistochemical changes (p53 gene mutations, p53 protein accumulation and WAF1 protein expression) and genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 genes in a case series of non-small-cell lung cancers from Silesia. This region of southern Poland is highly industrialized with considerable environmental pollution. More than 50% of lung cancers (90/164) contained p53 mutations and 75% showed the combined alteration of the p53 gene and protein accumulation. Males occupationally exposed to coal-derived substances showed a relatively high frequency of squamous and large-cell carcinomas, relatively frequent mutations in codon 298 of p53 and a low frequency of p53 immunohistochemically positive tumours. Codon 298 GAG-->TAG mutations have rarely been found in lung cancers in other populations. We found no correlation between WAF1 protein expression and mutations in the p53 gene or p53 protein accumulation. No statistically significant relationship was found between p53 mutations and GSTM1, CYP1A1, CYP2D6 genotypes. Never smokers with lung cancers from Silesia had a higher frequency of G:C-->T:A transversions than previously reported of the p53 mutation spectrum in never smokers (6/15 vs 4/34; P = 0.06 by chi2). These data are a tentative indication that occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo(a)pyrene, in polluted air contributes to the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer in never smokers. (+info)Modulating influence of cytochrome P-450 MspI polymorphism on serum liver function profiles in coke oven workers. (4/268)
OBJECTIVES: It was reported previously that topside oven workers with heavy exposure to coke oven emissions had increased serum activities of hepatic aminotransferase in one coke oven plant. This study was conducted to investigate the modifying effect of CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism on liver function profiles in coke oven workers. METHODS: 88 coke oven workers from a large steel company in Taiwan were studied in 1995-6. Exposure was categorised by work area: topside oven workers and sideoven workers. Liver function profiles including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), r-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (BIL) were examined in the morning after personal exposure measurements. The MspI polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: Five of 23 (22%) topside oven workers and seven of 65 (11%) sideoven workers had the CYP1A1 MspI homozygous variant genotype. With sideoven workers with the combined wild type and heterozygous variant as the reference group in multiple regression models, it was found that topside oven workers with the combined traits had mean AST and ALT activities that were 21% and 46% higher (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4% to 42% and 12% to 91%, respectively) than the reference group after adjusting for appropriate confounders. Also, topside oven workers with the homozygous variant trait had mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities that were 59%, 68%, and 157% higher (95% CI 21% to 109%, 6% to 168%, and 39% to 374%, respectively) than the reference group. The prevalence of an abnormal hepatocellular pattern (AST > 37 IU/l or ALT > 39 IU/l) was more common in the topside oven workers with the homozygous variant than in the sideoven workers with the other combined genotypes (adjusted odds ratio 9.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 82.3) after adjusting for appropriate confounders. CONCLUSIONS: The CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism may modify the biotransformation of coke oven emissions, which results in hepatocellular damage in coke oven workers. (+info)Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children. (5/268)
BACKGROUND: A critical review was conducted of the quantitative literature linking indoor air pollution from household use of biomass fuels with acute respiratory infections in young children, which is focused on, but not confined to, acute lower respiratory infection and pneumonia in children under two years in less developed countries. Biomass in the form of wood, crop residues, and animal dung is used in more than two fifths of the world's households as the principal fuel. METHODS: Medline and other electronic databases were used, but it was also necessary to secure literature from colleagues in less developed countries where not all publications are yet internationally indexed. RESULTS: The studies of indoor air pollution from household biomass fuels are reasonably consistent and, as a group, show a strong significant increase in risk for exposed young children compared with those living in households using cleaner fuels or being otherwise less exposed. Not all studies were able to adjust for confounders, but most of those that did so found that strong and significant risks remained. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the relative risks are likely to be significant for the exposures considered here. Since acute lower respiratory infection is the chief cause of death in children in less developed countries, and exacts a larger burden of disease than any other disease category for the world population, even small additional risks due to such a ubiquitous exposure as air pollution have important public health implications. In the case of indoor air pollution in households using biomass fuels, the risks also seem to be fairly strong, presumably because of the high daily concentrations of pollutants found in such settings and the large amount of time young children spend with their mothers doing household cooking. Given the large vulnerable populations at risk, there is an urgent need to conduct randomised trials to increase confidence in the cause-effect relationship, to quantify the risk more precisely, to determine the degree of reduction in exposure required to significantly improve health, and to establish the effectiveness of interventions. (+info)Indoor coal combustion emissions, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes, and lung cancer risk: a case-control study in Xuan Wei, China. (6/268)
The lung cancer mortality rate in Xuan Wei County, China is among the highest in the country and has been associated with exposure to indoor smoky coal emissions that contain high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This risk may be modified by variation in metabolism genes, including GSTM1, which encodes an enzyme known to detoxify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To investigate the relationship between GST genotypes and lung cancer risk in Xuan Wei County, we analyzed GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in a population-based case-control study. A total of 122 lung cancer patients and 122 controls, individually matched by age, sex, and home fuel type, were studied. Compared to subjects who used less than 130 tons of smoky coal during their lifetime, heavier users (> or =130 tons) had a 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.4) increased risk of lung cancer. The GSTM1-null genotype was associated with a 2.3-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.2) increased risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, there was some evidence that smoky coal use was more strongly associated with lung cancer risk among GSTM1-null versus GSTM1-positive individuals. In contrast, the GSTT1 genotype was not significantly associated with lung cancer risk. Our data suggest that the GSTM1-null genotype may enhance susceptibility to air pollution from indoor coal combustion emissions. (+info)Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis. (7/268)
Exposure to coal mine dust and/or crystalline silica results in pneumoconiosis with initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. This review presents characteristics of simple and complicated coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) as well as pathologic indices of acute and chronic silicosis by summarizing results of in vitro, animal, and human investigations. These results support four basic mechanisms in the etiology of CWP and silicosis: a) direct cytotoxicity of coal dust or silica, resulting in lung cell damage, release of lipases and proteases, and eventual lung scarring; b) activation of oxidant production by pulmonary phagocytes, which overwhelms the antioxidant defenses and leads to lipid peroxidation, protein nitrosation, cell injury, and lung scarring; c) activation of mediator release from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, which leads to recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive species and in further lung injury and scarring; d) secretion of growth factors from alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, stimulating fibroblast proliferation and eventual scarring. Results of in vitro and animal studies provide a basis for proposing these mechanisms for the initiation and progression of pneumoconiosis. Data obtained from exposed workers lend support to these mechanisms. (+info)Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers and occupational exposure to formaldehyde and various dusts: a case-control study in France. (8/268)
OBJECTIVES: A case-control study was conducted in France to assess possible associations between occupational exposures and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx. METHODS: The study was restricted to men, and included 201 hypopharyngeal cancers, 296 laryngeal cancers, and 296 controls (patients with other tumour sites). Detailed information on smoking, alcohol consumption, and lifetime occupational history was collected. Occupational exposure to seven substances (formaldehyde, leather dust, wood dust, flour dust, coal dust, silica dust, and textile dust) was assessed with a job exposure matrix. Exposure variables used in the analysis were probability, duration, and cumulative level of exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, and were adjusted for major confounding factors (age, smoking, alcohol, and when relevant other occupational exposures). RESULTS: Hypopharyngeal cancer was found to be associated with exposure to coal dust (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.21 to 4.40), with a significant rise in risk with probability (p<0.005 for trend) and level (p<0.007 for trend) of exposure. Exposure to coal dust was also associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer (OR 1.67, 95% CI 0.92 to 3.02), but no dose-response pattern was found. A significant relation, limited to hypopharyngeal cancer, was found with the probability of exposure to formaldehyde (p<0.005 for trend), with a fourfold risk for the highest category (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.50 to 9.49). When subjects exposed to formaldehyde with a low probability were excluded, the risk also increased with duration (p<0.04) and cumulative level of exposure (p<0.14). No significant association was found for any other substance. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that exposure to formaldehyde and coal dust may increase the risk of hypopharyngeal cancer. (+info) Pneumoconiosis is a type of interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of dust or other particles, which can lead to inflammation and scarring of the lungs. It is primarily associated with exposure to mineral dusts, such as those found in coal mining, but it can also be caused by other types of inhaled particles.
There are several forms of pneumoconiosis, including:
* Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP): caused by inhalation of coal dust in coal miners.
* Silicosis: caused by inhalation of silica dust in workers such as quarry workers, miners, and others who work with silica-containing materials.
* Asbestosis: caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers, which can lead to inflammation and scarring of the lungs.
* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: caused by exposure to specific organic dusts, such as those found in agricultural or woodworking settings.
The symptoms of pneumoconiosis can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease, but may include coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, and fever. In severe cases, pneumoconiosis can lead to respiratory failure and other complications.
Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and lung function tests. Treatment for pneumoconiosis may include medications to manage symptoms, pulmonary rehabilitation, and measures to reduce exposure to the offending particles. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be necessary.
Prevention of pneumoconiosis is critical, and this involves implementing appropriate safety measures in workplaces where workers are exposed to dusts or other particles. This can include using respiratory protection equipment, improving ventilation, and reducing exposure to hazardous materials. Early detection and treatment of pneumoconiosis can help to slow the progression of the disease and improve outcomes for affected individuals.
Anthracosis is a term that refers to a group of lung diseases caused by the inhalation of anthracite coal dust. It is also known as black lung disease or miner's asthma. The condition can cause inflammation and scarring in the lungs, which can lead to shortness of breath, coughing, and other respiratory problems.
Anthracosis is most commonly seen in people who work with anthracite coal, such as miners, and it was once a significant health problem in the coal mining industry. However, with the decline of the coal industry, the number of cases has decreased.
The symptoms of anthracosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but they may include:
* Shortness of breath
* Coughing
* Chest tightness or pain
* Wheezing or whistling sounds when breathing in or out
* Fatigue and weakness
* Blue tint to the skin (cyanosis)
If you suspect you have been exposed to anthracite coal dust and are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can perform tests to determine if you have anthracosis and recommend appropriate treatment. Treatment may include medications to reduce inflammation and improve breathing, as well as changes to your work environment to reduce exposure to coal dust. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove scar tissue from the lungs.
Anthracosilicosis is a disease caused by the fungus Bacillus anthracis, which is the same bacteria that causes anthrax. However, instead of being contracted through inhalation or skin contact with infected animals or contaminated materials, anthracosilicosis is caused by ingestion of infected silica particles.
Silicosis is a type of lung disease caused by inhaling dust that contains silica particles, and anthracosilicosis is a specific type of silicosis that is caused by the presence of Bacillus anthracis bacteria in the inhaled silica particles. This can occur in people who work with silica-containing materials, such as miners or quarry workers.
The symptoms of anthracosilicosis are similar to those of other types of silicosis, and may include coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. The disease can progress over time and can be fatal if left untreated. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as chest X-rays or blood tests. Treatment may involve antibiotics to kill the bacteria and medications to manage symptoms. Prevention involves avoiding exposure to silica dust and using appropriate safety measures when working with silica-containing materials.
In summary, anthracosilicosis is a rare but potentially serious lung disease caused by the ingestion of infected silica particles, which can be fatal if left untreated. It is important for people who work with silica-containing materials to take appropriate safety precautions and seek medical attention if they experience symptoms of the disease.
Occupational diseases refer to health conditions that are caused or made worse by a person's job or work environment. These diseases can be acute or chronic, and can affect any part of the body. Some common examples of occupational diseases include:
1. Asbestosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a nerve disorder caused by repetitive motion and pressure on the wrist.
3. Mesothelioma: a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.
4. Pneumoconiosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling dust from mining or other heavy industries.
5. Repetitive strain injuries: injuries caused by repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools.
6. Skin conditions: such as skin irritation and dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals or other substances in the workplace.
7. Hearing loss: caused by loud noises in the workplace.
8. Back injuries: caused by lifting, bending, or twisting.
9. Respiratory problems: such as asthma and other breathing difficulties caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in the workplace.
10. Cancer: caused by exposure to carcinogens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or heavy metals in the workplace.
Occupational diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, as they often develop gradually over time and may not be immediately attributed to the work environment. In some cases, these diseases may not appear until years after exposure has ended. It is important for workers to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their job and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing protective gear, following safety protocols, and seeking regular medical check-ups. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and follow strict regulations to prevent the spread of occupational diseases.
Coal
... and sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, or anthracite coal (also called "hard coal" or "black coal") produced in turn with ... Coal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coal. Look up coal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Coal Transitions World Coal ... Coal burnt as a solid fuel in coal power stations to generate electricity is called thermal coal. Coal is also used to produce ... in 2017 there were 375 coal mining related deaths in China. Most coal mined is thermal coal (also called steam coal as it is ...
Coal Palace
... this coal mine tour was led by a mule and allowed visitors to observe the coal mining process as miners dug into actual coal. ... and the roof was coated with highly reflective vitric coal and red mortar. Vitric coal was also used to spell "Coal Palace" ... The Coal Palace closed on October 10. Following the 1891 exposition, the Coal Palace was razed in 1892. Its location is now ... Ten flags with the names of the ten coal-donating counties adorned the roof, along with two Coal Palace flags and two large ...
Coal Creek
... may refer to: Coal Creek, Queensland, a locality in the Somerset Region Coal Creek, Victoria, a town Coal Creek ( ... a ghost town Coal Creek Historic Mining District, in Coal Creek, Alaska Coal Creek, Boulder County, Colorado, a census- ... designated place Coal Creek, Fremont County, Colorado, a town Coal Creek, Indiana, an unincorporated community Coal Creek ... originally named Coal Creek Coal Creek, Washington, an unincorporated community Coal Creek (Henry County, Missouri), creek in ...
Coal breaker
To handle wet coal, coal jigs were used. Coal jigs separated coal from impurities by using gravity. Since the relative density ... A coal breaker is a coal processing plant which breaks coal into various useful sizes. Coal breakers also remove impurities ... The coal breaker is a forerunner of the modern coal preparation plant. Coal tipples typically were used at bituminous coal ... because the impure coal must be of similar sized lumps for coal washing to work. If coal washing was conducted, coal might ...
Coal Pool
... is a housing estate in Walsall, West Midlands, England. Most of the homes in area were built by the local council ... Coal Pool is part of the Blakenall ward of Walsall, which also includes Blakenall Heath, Harden and Goscote, and has had some ... relatively little demolition has taken place around Coal Pool, with the overwhelming majority of the properties being ...
Coal Township
... , Northumberland County, Pennsylvania Coal Township, Jackson County, Ohio Coal Township, Perry County, Ohio Coal ... Coal Township may refer to the following townships in the United States: ... Township, Vernon County, Missouri This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Coal Township. If an ...
Coal Exchange
The Coal exchange closed in 1958 and coal exports came to an end in 1964. The southern extension was demolished in the 1970s. ... Coal Exchange Hotel Archived website of the former arts venue Media related to Coal Exchange at Wikimedia Commons (All articles ... Built in 1888 as the Coal and Shipping Exchange to be used as a market floor and office building for trading in coal in Cardiff ... At one time the price of the world's coal was determined here. It was at the Coal Exchange that the first ever £1,000,000 deal ...
Coal Run
... may refer to: Coal Run, Ohio Coal Run (Archers Fork tributary), a stream in Ohio Coal Run (North Branch Buffalo Creek ... a stream in Union County, Pennsylvania Coal Run (novel), a novel by Tawni O'Dell Coal Run (Shamokin Creek), a stream in ... United States This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Coal Run. If an internal link led you here, you ... Northumberland County, Pennsylvania Coal Run Village, Kentucky, a city in Pike County, Kentucky, ...
Bituminous coal
... is the most abundant rank of coal. Coal rank is based on several characteristics of the coal. The fixed carbon ... Coking coal (metallurgical coal or "met coal") is used in the manufacture of steel. A good coking coal must have excellent ... some bituminous coal is not agglomerating. Non-agglomerating bituminous coal includes cannel coal and boghead coal. These are ... Bituminous coal is a particular rank of coal, as determined by the amount and type of carbon present in the coal and the amount ...
Coal (disambiguation)
West Virginia Coal County, Oklahoma Coal City (disambiguation) Coal Creek (disambiguation) Coal Fork, West Virginia Coal Harbor ... Coal Island (disambiguation) Coal Lake (disambiguation) Coal Mountain (disambiguation) Coal Ridge (disambiguation) Coal River ( ... Forks of Coal, West Virginia Coal skink, a species of lizard Coal tit, a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae Wande Coal ( ... also called a hot coal Coal (TV series), American reality show about coal miners Coal (book), collection of poetry by Audre ...
Densified coal
... is the product of the Coldry Process coal upgrading technology that removes moisture from low-rank coals such as ... Densified coal resulting from the Coldry Process is regarded as a black coal equivalent or replacement for black coal. The ... Energy portal Bituminous coal Bergius process Coal assay Energy value of coal Orders of magnitude (specific energy density) ... harden and densify the coal; raise the calorific value of the coal; and transform the coal into a stable (lower spontaneous ...
Duquense Coal
The Duquense Coal is a geologic formation in Ohio. It preserves fossils dating back to the Carboniferous period. Earth sciences ...
Coal Lake
... may refer to: Coal Lake (Alberta) Coal Lake (Minnesota) This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct ...
Coal Chamber
"Coal Chamber". AllMusic. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coal Chamber. Coal Chamber on Myspace (Pages using the ... "Coal Chamber Album & Song Chart History". Billboard. Coal Chamber Awards at Allmusic "Discography Coal Chamber". australian- ... "Discography Coal Chamber". finnishcharts.com. "Discographie Coal Chamber" (in French). lescharts.com. "Coal Chamber > Longplay- ... Rees, Adam (April 28, 2015). "Coal Chamber: Rivals". Louder. "Coal Chamber - Rivals". Theprp.com. May 19, 2015 "Coal Chamber's ...
Coal Aston
... www.dronfield.gov.uk/uploads/coal-aston-character-statement-part-1.pdf Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coal Aston. Coal ... The name Coal Aston is due to the a number of walk in coal mine in the area, finally closing in 1938. There are many stone ... Coal Aston is a village in the county of Derbyshire, in England. It is by the town of Dronfield. Coal Aston sits on a ridge ... Coal Aston Conservation Area: Character Statement. Department of Development & Leisure. 2003. Messer, E. (1998). Weslyan Reform ...
Soft coal
... or brown coal Sub-bituminous coal Bituminous coal, or black coal This article includes a list of related items that share the ... Soft coal may refer to several lower quality types of coal, primarily used for power generation: Lignite, ...
Bogatyr Coal
... which began producing 3 million tons of coal per year. Coal from this mine has since been used to power coal fired plants of ... Bogatyr Coal (Kazakh: Богатырь Көмір, Bogatyr Kómir; Russian Богатырь Комир; English Bogatyr Coal), formerly known as Bogatyr ... As of 2018, the company produced 42 million tonnes of coal, accounting for approximately 40% of the country's coal output that ... The company has mined approximately 1 gigatonne of coal in its history, and has 2.5 additional gigatonnes of coal reserves, ...
Refined coal
Energy portal Bituminous coal Bergius process Coal assay Coldry Process Coke fuel Densified coal Energy value of coal Fischer- ... Some coal-upgrading processes result in a densified coal product that is considered to be a Black coal equivalent product ... Refined coal is the product of the coal-upgrading technology that removes moisture and certain pollutants from lower-rank coals ... Coal-upgrading technologies remove moisture from 'as mined' brown coal and transform the calorific performance of brown coal to ...
Coal House
... is a Welsh television series made by Indus Films for BBC Wales, and broadcast on BBC One Wales, with a subsequent UK ... Series 2, titled Coal House at War, was filmed in October 2008 in the same Blaenavon location, but set in 1944. Three families ... As in the first series, the men - and boys aged over fourteen - had to work a long day as coal miners at Blaentillery No. 2 ... The families were joined by evacuees and Bevin Boys, who were conscripted to fight and then sent to dig for coal. The series is ...
Foundation Coal
"Foundation Coal". Foundation Coal website. Foundation Coal Holdings. Archived from the original on 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2009- ... Foundation Coal Holdings, Inc. was a large American coal mining company. Until its July 31, 2009 merger with Alpha Natural ... Foundation Coal, through subsidiaries, owns and operates several of the largest coal mines in the United States, including: ... With corporate offices in Linthicum Heights, Maryland, the former Foundation Coal operates coal mines in Pennsylvania, West ...
Coal slurry
... is a mixture of solids (mined coal or coal waste) and liquids (water or organic) produced by a coal preparation ... To transform the coal ash into a slurry, coal is separated from non-combustible components and can be fractionated by particle ... Coal-water slurry fuel Pulverized coal Sludge (film) Tailings dam Shin, Yu-Jen; Shen, Yun-Hwei (2007-06-01). "Preparation of ... Ideally, coal slurry consists only of crushed coal and water, which can be efficiently separated. In practice, the separation ...
Coal shovel
A large coal shovel is used by the fireman of a coal-fired steam locomotive unless an automatic stoker is used. Smaller coal ... A coal shovel is a shovel designed for shoveling coal, coke or similar fuels, and on occasions does a double duty removing ash ... v t e (Articles lacking sources from October 2018, All articles lacking sources, Mechanical hand tools, Coal, Shovels, All stub ...
Coal Region
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Coal Region. Coal Mine Region - The Carpathian Connection Pennsylvania's Northern Coal Field ... The Southern Coal Region can be further broken into the Southeastern and Southwestern Coal Regions, with the divide between the ... Academics have made the distinction between the North Anthracite Coal Field and the South Anthracite Coal Field, the lower ... and regionalisms from the Anthracite Coal Region of Pennsylvania The Anthracite Coal region Map of the anthracite coal fields ...
Patriot Coal
... Corporation was a coal-mining company based in St. Louis, Missouri in the United States. The company is a spin-off ... "Officials: Coal slurry spill blackens 6 miles of West Virginia creek". CNN.com. CNN. Retrieved 28 June 2017. "Patriot Coal ... The company controls 1.9 billion tons of proven and probable coal reserves. Patriot is the largest producer of thermal coal in ... It is also a leading producer of metallurgical coal. Approximately 80% of its coal is sold to domestic utilities and 20% is ...
Datong Coal
... may represent the following: Datong Coal Mining Group: a state-owned coal-mining enterprise in the People's ... Datong Coal Industry Company Limited: a subsidiary and listed company of Datong Coal Mining Group. This disambiguation page ... lists articles associated with the title Datong Coal. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to ...
Coal analysis
Coal comes in four main types or ranks: lignite or brown coal, bituminous coal or black coal, anthracite and graphite. Each ... from the original mass of the coal sample. Relative density or specific gravity of the coal depends on the rank of the coal and ... The rank of coal is correlated with its geologic history, as described in Hilt's law. In the ASTM system, any coal with more ... Generally coal is utilised in furnaces and coking ovens at a certain size, so the crushability of the coal must be determined ...
Coal India
CIL further operates 15 coal washeries, out of which 12 are for coking coal and 3 are for non-coking coal with 23.30 MTY and ... CIL is the largest coal producing company in the world. It produced 536.51 MT (million tonne) coal during FY 2015-16. Coal ... Coal mines near Tiger Reserves: In India, some coal mines are located near/below the tiger reserves. Mining or construction of ... Coal India is planning to venture into Coal-to-Methanol technology at the existing Plant. The Government of India held 100% ...
Coal Authority
Reports available from the Coal Authority include: CON29M Coal mining report - an official coal mining report for the ... hazards relating to past coal mining providing public access to information held by the Coal Authority on coal mining The Coal ... data/file/844421/Coal_Authority_and_BEIS_framework_agreement_2019.pdf[bare URL PDF] "Coal mine water treatment". "Coal Industry ... Abandoned coal mines present an opportunity to the UK as a source of geothermal energy, and this is being explored by the Coal ...
Coal ball
... s in North America were first found in Iowa coal seams in 1894, although the connection to European coal balls was not ... Coal balls are not made of coal; they are non-flammable and useless for fuel. Coal balls are calcium-rich permineralised life ... Their occurrence in coal seams can be either extremely sporadic or regular; many coal seams have been found to contain no coal ... Coal balls may be found in coal seams across North America and Eurasia. North American coal balls are more widespread, both ...
Coal Mountain
... may refer to: Coal Mountain, British Columbia, Canada Coal Mountain Mine Coal Mountain, Colorado, a peak in the ... West Elk mountains, U.S. Coal Mountain, Georgia, U.S. Coal Mountain, West Virginia, U.S. Kolfjellet, Norway Cool Mountain This ...
Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program | NIOSH | CDC
... the causes and effects of respiratory diseases related to coal mine dust exposure and provides vital health information to coal ... The NIOSH Coal Workers Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) studies ... The NIOSH Coal Workers Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) was established by the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of ... The primary types of pneumoconiosis seen in coal miners are coal workers pneumoconiosis (also called black lung), silicosis ...
Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Respirable coal mine dust: Geometric mean exposures and percent exceeding designated occupational exposure limits by MSHA coal ... Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis: Number of deaths by state, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 2001-2010 2014-764 September 2014 ... Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis: Age-adjusted death rates by state, U.S. residents age 15 and over, 2001-2010 2014-763 September ... Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis: Number of deaths by sex, race, age group, and median age at death, U.S. residents age 15 and over ...
Coal Ash
... is produced mainly from burning coal in coal-fired power plants. Two main by-products of coal ash combustion (the ... Fly ash is a very fine, powdery residue from coal-fired plants (like factories). Fly ash is captured in the stack. Onsite coal ... Coal ash can contain particulates (a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air), volatile and semi- ... Bottom ash is unlikely to be in coal ash ponds because it is typically disposed of immediately after combustion and sent to a ...
Coal Ash Spill, Tennessee
Dewan, S. (2008, December 29). At plant in coal ash spill, toxic deposits by the ton.. The New York Times.. Accessed January 2 ... The breach released 1.3 million cubic meters (1.7 million cubic yards) of fly ash-a coal-combustion waste product captured and ... 2009, January 2). Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill. Accessed January 2, 2009. ...
Coal Meets Markets | National Review
ICSC 1415 - COAL-TAR PITCH
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations ...
Cracking Big Coal | The Nation
Cracking Big Coal. Cracking Big Coal. Environmentalists chalk up wins on the ground, putting coal companies on the defensive. ... The coal industrys ability to do harm-to the climate generally and to communities living in the shadow of coal plants or ... A decade ago, the coal and utility industries began to push for the construction of a new generation of coal-fired power plants ... one of the nastiest coal barons in US history and bagman for Republican politicians. Coal is a resource curse for Appalachia, ...
Coal | Greenbiz
The coal industry is shrinking - heres what miners need for a just transition December 5, 2019 ... Burbank Water & Power is replacing a Utah coal plant with state-of-the-art natural gas turbines ready for 30 percent green ... Over the next three years, the new policy will also phase out support for mining operations and utilities dependent on coal for ... You say old coal plant, I say new green hydrogen facility November 24, 2020 ...
Microwave measurement of coal layer thickness: | NIST
Coal Creek by Alex Miller: review | The Star
Though Coal Creek is Alex Millers 11th novel, this 77-year-old Australian novelist is most likely unknown to all but the most ... Coal Creek by Alex Miller: review Conflicting relationships between characters give this novel its psychological momentum.. DN ... Thankfully, one doesnt need to know that when reading Coal Creek, as its not the type of novel that leaves you yearning for ... Lovesong, Autumn Laing, and Coal Creek comprise the three latest novels from Miller, though his devoted homegrown readership ...
Coal Per Horse-Power per Hour - Scientific American
Free, Confidential 2013 Screenings For Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis | NIOSH | CDC
... confidential health screenings to coal miners throughout Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, and Pennsylvania. ... NIOSH will provide the health screening for these coal miners under its Enhanced Coal Workers Health Surveillance Program ( ... NIOSH Announces Free, Confidential 2013 Screenings For Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis For Coal Miners. ... a serious but preventable occupational lung disease in coal miners caused by breathing respirable coal mine dust. ...
Coal: King of chemicals?
... it appeared that the time for chemical feedstocks from coal had come. ... Now coal prices are rising too. At low oil prices theres no compelling reason to go with coal. He does, however, add that ... But for coal to chemicals to make sense economically it is, of course, dependent on cheap coal - at least relative to oil. ... Currently, China is highly dependent on expensive ethylene imports, but what it does have is plenty of coal. This coal can be ...
coal Archives - worldsteel.org
China to cap coal consumption
- Business - Chinadaily.com.cn
China will enforce a strict limit on total coal consumption, and continue to cut production. ... The country will step up coal market reform, and strengthen cooperation between China and other countries with huge coal ... To this end, he said, China will promote the clean, efficient usage of coal by using some of the worlds most advanced process ... In the first three quarters this year, China produced 2.72 billion tons of coal, down 4.62 percent year on year, according to ...
How America's clean coal dream unravelled | Coal | The Guardian
strong,Exclusive: ,/strong,Kemper power plant promised to be a world leader in clean coal technology but Guardian reporting ... What is clean coal?. Show. Coal is the dirtiest fuel on the planet and emissions from its use as a source of heat and energy ... "We have ended the war on American energy and we have ended the war on beautiful, clean coal," he said in this years State of ... Clean coal relies on a series of technologies known as carbon capture and storage (CCS). In 2015, the International Energy ...
What Is Clean Coal Technology? Overview, History, Carbon Emissions
Clean coal has long been a promising technology meant to save the coal industry and the planet. But is it nothing more than an ... The Emergence of "Clean Coal" Efforts to create cleaner coal technology arose in an era when coal was by far the single largest ... Coal Death Watch In order to meet the goals of the Paris Climate Accord, coal will need to fall by an annual rate of 11% every ... Coal Embraces Carbon Capture Along with the oil and gas sectors, leaders of the worlds coal industry promote "high efficiency ...
Stocks punished as coal deals turn sour
... offshore explorer Tigers Realm Coal, Illawarra coking coal producer, and Queensland explorer Bandanna Energy have had a year to ... Several coal juniors including Hunter Valley explorer NuCoal Resources, ... Blackwood Coal and Resolve Energy. Neighbouring coal juniors Blackwood Coal and Resolve Energy have been forced to pull their ... Tigers Realm Coal. Owen Hegarty-backed Tigers Realm Coal pushed ahead with its initial public offering in August 2011 despite ...
Coal worker's pneumoconiosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
... is a lung disease that results from breathing in dust from coal, graphite, or man-made carbon over a long time. ... Coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a lung disease that results from breathing in dust from coal, graphite, or man-made ... Your risk for developing CWP depends on how long you have been around coal dust. Most people with this disease are older than ... Wear a protective mask when working around coal, graphite, or man-made carbon. Follow directions to prevent high-level exposure ...
Coal Archives - Washington Free Beacon
After Walking Back Pledge To Shutter Coal Plants, Biden Admin Proposes Rule That Could Shutter Coal Plants. ... Pelosi: Not a Fan of Coal, but Im a Fan of Coal Miners ... Biden: No More Coal Plants Thanks to Clean Energy Investments ... Free Beacon Coal Manchin Complains Biden Wont Develop Offshore Oil. He Voted Down a Measure Forcing the Admin To Do Just That. ... Coal Company Inked Deal With Chinese Company While Pressing Trump For Bailout Murray Energy did not disclose Chinese contract ...
Coal Hill SAT Math Tutor
Coal Hill SAT Math instructors are available to help you receive the SAT Math help you need. ... Related Coal Hill Tutors Coal Hill Accounting Tutors - Coal Hill ACT Tutors - Coal Hill Algebra Tutors - Coal Hill Algebra 2 ... Coal Hill Math Tutors - Coal Hill Prealgebra Tutors - Coal Hill Precalculus Tutors - Coal Hill SAT Tutors - Coal Hill SAT Math ... Tutors - Coal Hill Science Tutors - Coal Hill Statistics Tutors - Coal Hill Trigonometry Tutors ...
Coal Train - CELDF
coal production - IER
Global Coal Use in 2022 at an... Coal generation worldwide is expected to increase to a new record in 2022, driven by robust ... War on Coal Resumes in the United... A federal judge reinstated a moratorium on coal leasing from federal lands that had been ... U.S. Coal Goes to Asia Because Of... Together, China and India are planning to increase their domestic coal production by a ... Europe Buying Coal at Premium Prices Europes energy system is a mess due to its headlong sprint into renewable energy (mostly ...
Eastern Associated Coal Corp. v. United Mine Workers | Law.com
Definition: Coal from 30 CFR § 700.5 | LII / Legal Information Institute
CHINA Coal mining death toll rises by 20pc
Coal supplies 61 per cent of the mainlands energy need, and officials said there were no plans to stop relying on the fossil ... Mr Li said his office had sent inspection teams to coal mines in 20 provinces during the past two months and closed down those ... Mr Lis remarks came as the death toll from a coal mine disaster in Guiyang, Hunan province , last Friday climbed to nine, ... Beijing (AsiaNews/Agencies) - The death toll from coal mine accidents on the mainland rose 20.8 per cent in the first quarter ...
Canada launches strategic assessment of thermal coal mining
CNW/ - Coal is one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions and air pollution in the world. Coal-fired electricity ... With the phase out of coal power, it is important to consider the future of thermal coal mining. This Strategic Assessment is ... Thermal coal is used for generating power. In contrast, metallurgical coal is used primarily to make steel. ... 20, 2019 /CNW/ - Coal is one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions and air pollution in the world. Coal-fired ...
Black coal in Australia 1985-86 (Book) | ETDEWEB
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; AUSTRALIA; COAL MINING; COAL PREPARATION; DATA; AUSTRALIAN ORGANIZATIONS; BLACK COAL; COAL; COAL ... Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Mining; 010300 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Preparation- (1987-); 015000 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Economic, ... Included are statistics on coal supply and disposal, production plant and equipment, coal preparation, capital expenditure, ... Included are statistics on coal supply and disposal, production plant and equipment, coal preparation, capital expenditure, ...
Coal and China - a hazy future - Public CitizenMiners20172019World'sWorkers2020BituminousMetallurgicalPeatCountry'sNitrogen oxidesRespiratoryElectricityCarbonaceousMinerThermal coalCarbon emissionsInternational coalPlantsCokeCombustionConsumptionAmerica'sMININGGreenhouse gas emissCreekProductionIndustryDependentFactoriesPlantMinesTonsConcernContentClimateEconomicBEIJINGProgramCleanEnergyMillionGenerationFieldFoundWorkFuture
Miners19
- The primary types of pneumoconiosis seen in coal miners are coal workers' pneumoconiosis (also called black lung), silicosis and mixed dust pneumoconiosis. (cdc.gov)
- The U.S. Department of Labor announced an effort to raise awareness of regulations that give coal miners with development of pneumoconiosis, or black lung, the right to work at a section of a mine with lower levels of dust without having their pay reduced or fearing discrimination or termination. (cdc.gov)
- Please refer to Specification for Medical Examinations of Coal Miners Subpart Autopsies for information on payment for autopsy, autopsy specifications, and procedures for obtaining payment. (cdc.gov)
- Beginning in March 2013 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) will offer a series of free, confidential health screenings to coal miners throughout Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, and Pennsylvania. (cdc.gov)
- The screenings are intended to provide early detection of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), also known as black lung, a serious but preventable occupational lung disease in coal miners caused by breathing respirable coal mine dust. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH will provide the health screening for these coal miners under its Enhanced Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (ECWHSP). (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH is committed to public health outreach and surveillance for coal worker health," said NIOSH Director John Howard, M.D. "Early detection of black lung in coal miners, through a screening program that is free and confidential, is critical to protecting these workers from advancing to stages of the disease that are life-threatening. (cdc.gov)
- The prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis among long-term underground miners who participated in chest x-ray screening decreased from the 1970s to the 1990s. (cdc.gov)
- Although still much less than in the 1970s, the prevalence of CWP among US coal miners has increased since the 1990s. (cdc.gov)
- Their public statements helped to prolong the notion that their "clean coal" power could be affordable, costing Southern's customers and shareholders billions, giving false hope to miners and firing dreams that American innovation had provided a path forward for "clean coal" technology at a reasonable price. (theguardian.com)
- The CWHSP is a federally mandated worker medical monitoring program for underground coal miners. (cdc.gov)
- The CWXSP also includes x-rays from the National Coal Study (also known as the National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis) and the Miners' Choice Health Screening Program. (cdc.gov)
- Assessment of pneumoconiosis in surface coal miners after implementation of a national radiographic surveillance program, United States, 2014-2019. (bvsalud.org)
- Pneumoconiosis can occur in surface coal miners . (bvsalud.org)
- The Coal Workers ' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) has only included surface coal miners as part of its regular disease surveillance since 2014. (bvsalud.org)
- This analysis identifies the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among working surface coal miners participating in the CWHSP since their initial inclusion, through 2019. (bvsalud.org)
- Working surface coal miners who had chest radiographs through the CWHSP from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2019 were included in this analysis . (bvsalud.org)
- Pneumoconiosis was present in 109 (1.6%) surface coal miners , including 12 miners with progressive massive fibrosis , the most severe form of the disease . (bvsalud.org)
- The occurrence of pneumoconiosis in surface coal miners supports including them within a systematic respiratory health surveillance program. (bvsalud.org)
20171
- Canada launched the Powering Past Coal Alliance in 2017, in partnership with the UK. (newswire.ca)
20191
- GATINEAU , QC, Dec. 20, 2019 /CNW/ - Coal is one of the most significant sources of carbon emissions and air pollution in the world. (newswire.ca)
World's5
- To this end, he said, China will promote the clean, efficient usage of coal by using some of the world's most advanced process to support the industrial upgrade. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- Kemper, its managers claimed, would harness dirt-cheap lignite coal - the world's least efficient and most abundant form of coal - to power homes and businesses in America's lowest-income state while causing the least climate-changing pollution of any fossil fuel. (theguardian.com)
- Efforts to create cleaner coal technology arose in an era when coal was by far the single largest source of the world's energy but also when concerns about coal burning were focused on acid rain rather than global warming. (treehugger.com)
- Along with the oil and gas sectors, leaders of the world's coal industry promote " high efficiency, low emissions " (HELE) coal plants with carbon capture technologies as ways to continue burning fossil fuels in a carbon-neutral manner. (treehugger.com)
- The Hazelwood coal plant in Australia, for example, long called one of the world's most polluting coal-fired power station, was scheduled to be decommissioned in 2009 because of its high CO 2 emissions, but the plant was able to postpone its closure until 2031 by beginning a carbon capture and storage pilot program, extracting CO 2 from its smokestacks and turning it into calcium carbonate. (treehugger.com)
Workers6
- The NIOSH Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) was established by the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 (amended in 1977) . (cdc.gov)
- That is why the United Nations Secretary General has called for no new coal plants by 2020, and why Canada is phasing out traditional coal-fired power by 2030 with a just and fair transition for workers and communities. (newswire.ca)
- An important pillar of the Government of Canada's plan to fight climate change is phasing out traditional coal power generation, while ensuring a just and fair transition for workers and communities. (newswire.ca)
- Its intent is to prevent early coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) from progressing to disabling disease. (cdc.gov)
- The x-rays included in this system encompass x-rays from the Coal Workers' X-ray Surveillance Program (CWXSP) and the Enhanced Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program (ECWHSP). (cdc.gov)
- Workers at coal-tar produc- pyrene, is classified as carcino- sene, 3-methylchrysene, 4-methyl- tion plants, coking plants, bitumen genic to humans (Group 1). (who.int)
20202
- According to the U.S. Mine Safety and Health Administration, there were 104,895 fatalities from coal mining and other coal-related activities in the United States between 1900 and 2020. (treehugger.com)
- Draft terms of reference for the strategic assessment of thermal coal mining will be available online for public comments early in 2020. (newswire.ca)
Bituminous2
- Coal means combustible carbonaceous rock, classified as anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, or lignite by ASTM Standard D 388-77, referred to and incorporated by reference in the definition of Anthracite immediately above. (cornell.edu)
- Coal of relatively recent origin, intermediate between peat coal and bituminous coal. (bvsalud.org)
Metallurgical2
- This field refers to a country's coal and metallurgical coke production , consumption , exports , imports , and proven reserves . (cia.gov)
- In contrast, metallurgical coal is used primarily to make steel. (newswire.ca)
Peat1
- A coal transitional between PEAT and lignite. (bvsalud.org)
Country's1
- In January 2013, China suffered through a week of sustained poor air quality that finally forced China's ruling Communist Party to acknowledge and address serious environmental issues, including the country's extensive use of coal-fired power plants. (citizen.org)
Nitrogen oxides2
- Burning coal releases soot, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury, and a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) harmful to plants and animals alike. (treehugger.com)
- The U.S. Department of Energy started its Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program in 1986, with a goal to reduce emissions of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, key contributors to acid rain. (treehugger.com)
Respiratory2
Electricity4
- Thus, his activist work touches upon nearly every aspect of the coal process-from extraction to electricity production to the warming of the climate-and uses tactics ranging from public education and corporate pressure campaigns to local grassroots leadership development among Appalachians directly affected by mining, and nonviolent civil disobedience against mining companies or the EPA. (thenation.com)
- In the electricity sector, coal produces 58% of all CO 2 emissions, despite producing only 26% of the U.S.'s electricity. (treehugger.com)
- Coal-fired electricity has significant adverse environmental and health impacts. (newswire.ca)
- Thermal coal is the coal used to generate electricity in power plants. (newswire.ca)
Carbonaceous1
- A dark brown to black coal that is high in carbonaceous matter and has 15-50% volatile matter. (bvsalud.org)
Miner1
- The Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 authorizes the Department of Health and Human Services to provide coal miner autopsies and to pay for their submission to NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Thermal coal5
- On December 14 the company increased the Doyles Creek underground resource to 525.5 million tonnes of semi-soft and thermal coal. (afr.com)
- Today, the Minister of the Environment and Climate Change, the Honourable Jonathan Wilkinson, in partnership with Natural Resources Minister, the Honourable Seamus O'Regan, announced that Canada will launch a strategic assessment to provide guidance on how future new thermal coal mine projects will be assessed under the Impact Assessment Act . (newswire.ca)
- The use of thermal coal mining, including its impact on Canada's international commitments and initiatives. (newswire.ca)
- With the phase out of coal power, it is important to consider the future of thermal coal mining. (newswire.ca)
- Thermal coal is used for generating power. (newswire.ca)
Carbon emissions1
- Clean coal" was once, for some, a promising way to reduce toxic pollutants and carbon emissions in coal production when better options were costlier and less widely available. (treehugger.com)
International coal2
- James O'Connell, managing editor, international coal publications at Platts, says that for a long time coal has been a forgotten commodity, as prices remained relatively static. (soci.org)
- Li Haofeng, deputy director of the coal office under the National Energy Administration, made the remarks at an international coal summit. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Plants10
- Coal ash is produced mainly from burning coal in coal-fired power plants. (cdc.gov)
- Fly ash is a very fine, powdery residue from coal-fired plants (like factories). (cdc.gov)
- A decade ago, the coal and utility industries began to push for the construction of a new generation of coal-fired power plants. (thenation.com)
- The coal industry's ability to do harm-to the climate generally and to communities living in the shadow of coal plants or mining sites locally-has been significantly curtailed, and many in the environmental movement are beginning to speculate about the beginning of the end for Big Coal. (thenation.com)
- Back at RAN's San Francisco offices, Parkin leads the group's Global Finance campaign, which targets banking institutions, such as JPMorgan Chase, that fund mountaintop removal mining or the construction of coal-fired power plants. (thenation.com)
- This coal can be turned in vinyl chloride monomer, which can be used as a feedstock by domestic chemicals plants (see Box). (soci.org)
- CCS technology aims to capture carbon dioxide generated at coal plants and store it underground in rock formations and aquifers. (theguardian.com)
- This was the flagship project that was going to lead the way for a whole new generation of coal power plants," said Richard Heinberg, senior fellow at the Post Carbon Institute. (theguardian.com)
- The programs innovations are credited with reducing NO x emissions from coal plants by 82%, SO x emissions by 88%, and particulate matter emissions by 96%, even as coal use increased by 183% between 1970 and 2008. (treehugger.com)
- As the United States reduces its use of coal to power electric plants, the coal industry has been looking to increase exports to countries like China and India. (citizen.org)
Coke2
- IARC Monographs, volume 34: polynuclear aromatic compounds, part 3, industrial exposures in aluminium production, coal gasification, coke production, and iron and steel founding - summary of data reported and evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
- It presents data reported and carcinogenicity evaluation for humans and animals of industrial exposures in aluminium production, coal gasification, coke production, and iron and steel founding. (bvsalud.org)
Combustion2
- Bottom ash is unlikely to be in coal ash ponds because it is typically disposed of immediately after combustion and sent to a landfill. (cdc.gov)
- The breach released 1.3 million cubic meters (1.7 million cubic yards) of fly ash -a coal-combustion waste product captured and stored in wet form. (nasa.gov)
Consumption4
- BEIJING - China will enforce a strict limit on total coal consumption, and continue to cut production, said a senior energy official on Wednesday. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- The country will step up coal market reform, and strengthen cooperation between China and other countries with huge coal production and consumption. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- China will reduce the ratio of coal in primary energy consumption from 66 percent this year to around 50 percent by 2050, said the National Coal Association. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, coal represents only 12% of all energy consumption in the United States, yet it produces 21% of energy-related CO 2 emissions. (treehugger.com)
America's1
- The United States soon followed suit: By 1900, 71% of America's energy came from coal, but not without cost. (treehugger.com)
MINING2
- Since joining RAN in 2006, Parkin has traveled extensively in Appalachia, where organizations such as Coal River Mountain Watch, Kentuckians for the Commonwealth and Appalachian Voices are waging a fierce struggle to end mountaintop removal-a surface coal-mining technique that has leveled 500 bucolic Appalachian peaks, filled more than 2,000 miles of valley streams with toxic sludge and poisoned drinking-water supplies in West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. (thenation.com)
- Over the next three years, the new policy will also phase out support for mining operations and utilities dependent on coal for more than 30 percent of their revenue. (greenbiz.com)
Greenhouse gas emiss2
- In the past four years this reinvigorated, multifaceted movement has chalked up an impressive-albeit frequently overlooked-series of victories against Big Coal, a leading contributor to domestic greenhouse gas emissions and a powerful lobby whose influence stretches from Congress to rural West Virginia courthouses. (thenation.com)
- Globally, burning coal accounts for 29% of all energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, larger than any other single source. (treehugger.com)
Creek6
- Though Coal Creek is Alex Miller's 11th novel, this 77-year-old Australian novelist is most likely unknown to all but the most ardent of Canadian readers. (thestar.com)
- Lovesong, Autumn Laing , and Coal Creek comprise the three latest novels from Miller, though his devoted homegrown readership tends to swear by 1992's The Ancestor Game and 2002's Journey to the Stone Country as Miller's classic entry points. (thestar.com)
- Thankfully, one doesn't need to know that when reading Coal Creek , as it's not the type of novel that leaves you yearning for an author's deeper potentials. (thestar.com)
- Unfamiliar with the local dynamic, Collins soon gets himself in trouble with local roughneck Ben Tobin, who raises horses on an out-of-the-way plot of dry bush land in Coal Creek. (thestar.com)
- All of which is to say, Coal Creek is the work of a masterful storyteller who fully deserves a wider readership beyond Australia. (thestar.com)
- NSW coal junior NuCoal continues to explore its 500 million-tonne Doyles Creek coal project in the Hunter Valley despite serious concerns over the awarding of the licence by former NSW mineral resources minister Ian Macdonald. (afr.com)
Production1
- Together, China and India are planning to increase their domestic coal production by a total of 700 million tons per year. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
Industry5
- Yet in his fight against the coal industry he has embodied the qualities that define a new-model environmental movement in the United States. (thenation.com)
- This past March, following several modest moves toward greater scrutiny of mountaintop removal permits in the past year, the Environmental Protection Agency announced that it was moving to block authorization of the largest mountaintop removal site in West Virginia, held by Arch Coal, an industry leader. (thenation.com)
- He said that measures were needed to ensure the sustainable development of the coal industry. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- The annual publication contains comprehensive statistical details of the Australian black coal industry. (osti.gov)
- misc{etde_6646520, title = {Black coal in Australia 1985-86} author = {None} abstractNote = {The annual publication contains comprehensive statistical details of the Australian black coal industry. (osti.gov)
Dependent2
Factories1
- Coal also fueled the 19th-century growth of cloth factories, which increased the demand for Southern cotton and, in turn, quadrupled the number of enslaved people in the United States. (treehugger.com)
Plant5
- At plant in coal ash spill, toxic deposits by the ton. (nasa.gov)
- Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill. (nasa.gov)
- Not a single coal-fired plant was built in 2009. (thenation.com)
- Burbank Water & Power is replacing a Utah coal plant with state-of-the-art natural gas turbines ready for 30 percent green hydrogen co-firing. (greenbiz.com)
- But so far no major coal power plant has managed to make CCS work on a grand scale. (theguardian.com)
Mines2
- Mr Li said his office had sent inspection teams to coal mines in 20 provinces during the past two months and closed down those that failed to meet safety standards. (asianews.it)
- Most disasters took place in small mines operated by townships and private enterprises that accounted for only 28 per cent of the nation's coal output. (asianews.it)
Tons1
- In the first three quarters this year, China produced 2.72 billion tons of coal, down 4.62 percent year on year, according to data by China Coal Transportation and Sale Society. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Concern2
- The $7 trillion silent member of the Big Three tags coal as a concern years behind other investors. (greenbiz.com)
- ABSTRACT Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from coal and gas heaters is a public health concern in Turkey. (who.int)
Content1
- A high-grade metamorphic coal having a semimetallic luster, high content of fixed carbon, and high density, and burning with a short blue flame and little smoke or odor. (bvsalud.org)
Climate4
- Coal is the dirtiest fuel on the planet and emissions from its use as a source of heat and energy make it historically the single largest threat to our climate. (theguardian.com)
- Is "clean coal" a climate solution or an oxymoron? (treehugger.com)
- Cleaning up coal would go a long way toward improving human health and reaching the climate goals of the Paris Agreement. (treehugger.com)
- In the 2010s, the meaning of "clean coal" changed to include addressing CO 2 emissions after the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases pollutants in 2009, and especially when the Obama Administration launched its Climate Action Plan , shifting the focus of the Clean Coal Technology Program to carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS). (treehugger.com)
Economic1
- Proven reserves are those quantities of coal that have been analyzed as commercially recoverable in the future based on known reservoirs and assuming current economic conditions. (cia.gov)
BEIJING1
- Beijing (AsiaNews/Agencies) - The death toll from coal mine accidents on the mainland rose 20.8 per cent in the first quarter to 1,113, officials announced yesterday. (asianews.it)
Program1
- It is now called the Office of Clean Coal and Carbon Management to emphasize the role that carbon capture plays in the program. (treehugger.com)
Clean5
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates coal ash under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act external icon (RCRA) and the Clean Water Act. (cdc.gov)
- What is clean coal? (theguardian.com)
- Clean coal relies on a series of technologies known as carbon capture and storage (CCS). (theguardian.com)
- For others, "clean coal" has always been an oxymoron. (treehugger.com)
- Today, new technologies promise to make coal cleaner-yet no matter how "clean" coal becomes, it will still be dirtier, costlier, and less renewable than wind, solar, and other truly clean sources of energy . (treehugger.com)
Energy6
- By 1850, nearly all (98%) of Great Britain's energy was provided by coal, as Britain became the workshop of the world. (treehugger.com)
- Several coal juniors including Hunter Valley explorer NuCoal Resources, offshore explorer Tigers Realm Coal, Illawarra coking coal producer, and Queensland explorer Bandanna Energy have had a year to forget. (afr.com)
- Neighbouring coal juniors Blackwood Coal and Resolve Energy have been forced to pull their late-2011 coal IPOs because of the poor market conditions that saw Tigers Realm reduce its raising from a $200 million roar to a $37.5 million squeak. (afr.com)
- Resolve Energy's Gordon Saul, who has links with Bandanna Energy and Tigers Realm Coal, had planned to raise up to $25 million for a market capitalisation of about $125 million. (afr.com)
- Queensland coal explorer Bandanna Energy is now trading around a third of its peak market capitalisation earlier this year after a sale process failed to uncover a buyer for the business. (afr.com)
- Coal supplies 61 per cent of the mainland's energy need, and officials said there were no plans to stop relying on the fossil fuel. (asianews.it)
Million2
- Resolve's tenements are located right next door to Blackwood Coal, which raised $8 million pre-IPO to begin drilling at its Galilee Basin tenements. (afr.com)
- The allocation of capacity in the 27 million tonne first stage of the Wiggins Island coal terminal, near Gladstone, was one highlight in an otherwise challenging year for Bandanna. (afr.com)
Generation1
- Coal generation worldwide is expected to increase to a new record in 2022, driven by robust coal power growth in India and. (instituteforenergyresearch.org)
Field1
- Race relationships in the Pocohontas coal field. (bvsalud.org)
Found2
Work1
- However, investors are concerned that the government will work tirelessly to strip the company of its coal license. (afr.com)
Future2
- Now, however, with the global economy in the doldrums and recovery predicted to be slow, does the bright future of chemicals from coal look as sparkly as it once did? (soci.org)
- UN official visits Kemper in 2014: 'maybe using coal in the future is possible. (theguardian.com)
