AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
CnidariaHydrozoaSea AnemonesHydraScyphozoaCubozoaAnemoneAnthozoaNematocystCtenophoraPhylogenyPlacozoaEvolution, MolecularInvertebratesCnidarian VenomsPoriferaRNA, Ribosomal, 28SRNA, Ribosomal, 18SDNA, RibosomalBody PatterningMolecular Sequence DataMetamorphosis, BiologicalGenes, HomeoboxDNA, Mitochondrial
Cnidaria
A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates characterized by possession of stinging cells called nematocysts. It includes the classes ANTHOZOA; CUBOZOA; HYDROZOA, and SCYPHOZOA. Members carry CNIDARIAN VENOMS.
Hydrozoa
A class in the phylum CNIDARIA which alternates between polyp and medusa forms during their life cycle. There are over 2700 species in five orders.
Sea Anemones
The order Actiniaria, in the class ANTHOZOA, comprised of large, solitary polyps. All species are carnivorous.
Hydra
A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.
Scyphozoa
The class of true jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA. They are mostly free-swimming marine organisms that go through five stages in their life cycle and exhibit two body forms: polyp and medusa.
Cubozoa
The class of box jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA, characterized by their cube shape, and considered the most venomous jellyfish.
Anemone
A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains triterpene saponins. The root of Anemone raddeana is the source of a Chinese folk medicine, zhu jie xian fu. The common name of liverwort is also used with other plants. This genus is unrelated to SEA ANEMONES.
Anthozoa
A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.
Nematocyst
A double-walled capsule found in jellyfish and other CNIDARIA whose functions include prey capture, defense, locomotion, and attachment. Nematocysts contain toxic CNIDARIAN VENOMS which are injected into the victim via a barbed tubule.
Ctenophora
Phylum of marine colenterates characterized by eight comb rows of fused cilia on the body surface. In contrast to CNIDARIA they lack stinging cells, but they are voracious predators and possess sticky cells (colloblasts) for capturing prey. Most species are transparent and many exhibit bioluminescence.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Placozoa
A phylum of primitive invertebrate animals that exemplify a simple body organization. Trichoplax adhaerens is considered a key species for early metazoan evolution.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
Invertebrates
Animals that have no spinal column.
Cnidarian Venoms
Venoms from jellyfish; CORALS; SEA ANEMONES; etc. They contain hemo-, cardio-, dermo- , and neuro-toxic substances and probably ENZYMES. They include palytoxin, sarcophine, and anthopleurine.
Porifera
The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.
RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
DNA, Ribosomal
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
Body Patterning
The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Metamorphosis, Biological
Profound physical changes during maturation of living organisms from the immature forms to the adult forms, such as from TADPOLES to frogs; caterpillars to BUTTERFLIES.
Genes, Homeobox
Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.
DNA, Mitochondrial
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

Molecular determination of species boundaries in corals: genetic analysis of the Montastraea annularis complex using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and a microsatellite marker. (1/405)

Analyses of DNA have not been widely used to distinguish coral sibling species. The three members of the Montastraea annularis complex represent an important test case: they are widely studied and dominate Caribbean reefs, yet their taxonomic status remains unclear. Analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and a microsatellite locus, using DNA from sperm, showed that Montastraea faveolata is genetically distinct. One AFLP primer yielded a diagnostic product (880 bp in M. faveolata 920 bp in M. franksi and M. annularis) whose homology was established by DNA sequencing. A second primer revealed a 630 bp band that was fixed in M. faveolata, and rare in M. franksi and M. annularis; in this case homologies were confirmed by Southern hybridizations. A tetranucleotide microsatellite locus with several alleles exhibited strong frequency differences between M. faveolata and the other two taxa. We did not detect comparable differences between M. annularis and M. franksi with either AFLPs (12 primers screened) or the microsatellite locus. Comparisons of AFLP patterns obtained from DNA from sperm, somatic tissues, and zooxanthellae suggest that the technique routinely amplifies coral (animal) DNA. Thus analyses based on somatic tissues may be feasible, particularly after diagnostic differences have been established using sperm DNA.  (+info)

Atypically low rate of cytochrome b evolution in the scleractinian coral genus Acropora. (2/405)

Unexpectedly low levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b sequence divergence are found between species of the scleractinian coral genus Acropora. Comparison of 964 positions of the cytochrome b gene of two out of the three Caribbean Acropora species with seven of their Pacific congeners shows only 0.3-0.8% sequence difference. Species in these biogeographic regions have been evolving independently for at least three million years (since the rise of the Isthmus of Panama) and this geological date is used to estimate nucleotide divergence rates. The results indicate that the Acropora cytochrome b gene is evolving at least 10-20 times slower than the 'standard' vertebrate mtDNA clock and is one of the most slowly evolving animal mitochondrial genes described to date. The possibility is discussed that, unlike higher animals, cnidarians may have a functional mtDNA mismatch repair system.  (+info)

Evidence of a cyclooxygenase-related prostaglandin synthesis in coral. The allene oxide pathway is not involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. (3/405)

Certain corals are rich natural sources of prostaglandins, the metabolic origin of which has remained undefined. By analogy with the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase pathway to jasmonic acid in plants, the presence of (8R)-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase in the coral Plexaura homomalla suggested a potential metabolic route to prostaglandins (Brash, A. R., Baertshi, S. W., Ingram, C.D., and Harris, T. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15829-15839). Other evidence, from the Arctic coral Gersemia fruticosa, has indicated a cyclooxygenase intermediate in the biosynthesis (Varvas, K., Koljak, R., Jarving, I., Pehk, T., and Samel, N. (1994) Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 8267-8270). In the present study, active preparations of G. fruticosa have been used to identify both types of arachidonic acid metabolism and specific inhibitors were used to establish the enzyme type involved in the prostaglandin biosynthesis. The synthesis of prostaglandins and (11R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was inhibited by mammalian cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, aspirin, and tolfenamic acid), while the formation of the products of the 8-lipoxygenase/allene oxide pathway was not affected or was increased. The specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, did not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in coral. We conclude that coral uses two parallel routes for the initial oxidation of polyenoic acids: the cyclooxygenase route, which leads to optically active prostaglandins, and the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase metabolism, the role of which remains to be established. An enzyme related to mammalian cyclooxygenases is the key to prostaglandin synthesis in coral. Based on our inhibitor data, the catalytic site of this evolutionary early cyclooxygenase appears to differ significantly from both known mammalian cyclooxygenases.  (+info)

The protein phosphatase inhibitor cantharidin induces head and foot formation in buds of Cassiopea andromeda (Rhizostomae, Scyphozoa). (4/405)

The polyps of Cassiopea andromeda produce spindle shaped, freely swimming buds which do not develop a head (a mouth opening surrounded by tentacles) and a foot (a sticky plate at the opposite end) until settlement to a suited substrate. The buds, therewith, look very similar to the planula larvae produced in sexual reproduction. With respect to both, buds and planulae, several peptides and the phorbolester TPA have been found to induce the transformation into a polyp. Here it is shown that cantharidin, a serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, induces head and foot formation in buds very efficiently in a 30 min treatment, the shortest yet known efficient treatment. Some resultant polyps show malformations which indicate that a bud is ordinary polyp tissue in which preparatory steps of head and foot formation mutually block each other from proceeding. Various compounds related to the transfer of methyl groups have been shown to affect head and foot formation in larvae of the hydrozoon Hydractinia echinata. These compounds including methionine, homocysteine, trigonelline, nicotinic acid and cycloleucine are shown to also interfere with the initiation of the processes which finally lead to head and foot formation in buds of Cassiopea andromeda.  (+info)

Coral grafting supplemented with bone marrow. (5/405)

Limited success in regenerating large bone defects has been achieved by bridging them with osteoconductive materials. These substitutes lack the osteogenic and osteoinductive properties of bone autograft. A direct approach would be to stimulate osteogenesis in these biomaterials by the addition of fresh bone-marrow cells (BMC). We therefore created osteoperiosteal gaps 2 cm wide in the ulna of adult rabbits and either bridged them with coral alone (CC), coral supplemented with BMC, or left them empty. Coral was chosen as a scaffold because of its good biocompatibility and resorbability. In osteoperiosteal gaps bridged with coral only, the coral was invaded chiefly by fibrous tissue. It was insufficient to produce union after two months. In defects filled with coral and BMC an increase in osteogenesis was observed and the bone surface area was significantly higher compared with defects filled with coral alone. Bony union occurred in six out of six defects filled with coral and BMC after two months. An increase in the resorption of coral was also observed, suggesting that resorbing cells or their progenitors were present in bone marrow and survived the grafting procedure. Our findings have shown that supplementation of coral with BMC increased both the resorption of material and osteogenesis in defects of a clinical significance.  (+info)

Reproductive and genetic evidence for a reticulate evolutionary history of mass-spawning corals. (6/405)

Reef-building corals, which reproduce through simultaneous multispecies spawning, are thought to hybridize frequently, and it is hypothesized that they have evolved in repeated rounds of species separation and fusion. We conducted cross-fertilization experiments and molecular analyses with a number of mass-spawning coral species in the genus Acropora. A high rate of interspecific fertilization occurred between some species despite very different morphologies. The hybrid larvae developed normally and contained an allelic sequence transmitted from each parent, suggesting common diploid hybridization. Molecular phylogenetic analyses provided strong evidence for a gene pool shared between the hybridizing species. These reproductive and genetic characteristics are consistent with a species complex formed under the separation/fusion processes predicted for a reticulate evolutionary history.  (+info)

Purification and catalytic activities of the two domains of the allene oxide synthase-lipoxygenase fusion protein of the coral Plexaura homomalla. (7/405)

The conversion of fatty acid hydroperoxides to allene epoxides is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 in plants and, in coral, by a 43-kDa catalase-related hemoprotein fused to the lipoxygenase that synthesizes the 8R-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HPETE) substrate. We have expressed the separate lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase (AOS) domains of the coral protein in Escherichia coli (BL21 cells) and purified the proteins; this system gives high expression (1.5 and 0.3 micromol/liter, respectively) of catalytically active enzymes. Both domains show fast reaction kinetics. Catalytic activity of the lipoxygenase domain is stimulated 5-fold by high concentrations of monovalent cations (500 mM Na(+), Li(+), or K(+)), and an additional 5-fold by 10 mM Ca(2+). The resulting rates of reaction are approximately 300 turnovers/s, 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than mammalian lipoxygenases. This makes the coral lipoxygenase well suited for partnership with the AOS domain, which shows maximum rates of approximately 1400 turnovers/s in the conversion of 8R-HPETE to the allene oxide. Some unusual catalytic activities of the two domains are described. The lipoxygenase domain converts 20.3omega6 partly to the bis-allylic hydroperoxide (10-hydroperoxyeicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid). Metabolism of the preferred substrate of the AOS domain, 8R-HPETE, is inhibited by the enantiomer 8S-HPETE. Although the AOS domain has homology to catalase in primary structure, it is completely lacking in catalatic action on H(2)O(2); catalase itself, as expected from its preference for small hydroperoxides, is ineffective in allene oxide synthesis from 8R-HPETE.  (+info)

Are there mechanical limits to size in wave-swept organisms? (8/405)

Hydrodynamic forces imposed by ocean waves are thought to limit the size of nearshore plants and animals, but it has proved difficult to determine the mechanism. Explanations based on the scaling mismatch between hydrodynamic accelerational forces and the strength of organisms do not work. Mechanisms that incorporate the allometry of drag and strength accurately predict the maximal size of intertidal algae but not of animals, and internally imposed inertial forces may explain the limits to size in large kelps. The general question of size in wave-swept organisms remains open and intriguing.  (+info)

Arg-Phe-amide-like peptides in the primitive nervous systems of coelenterates
By using immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassays, several substances resembling vertebrate or invertebrate neuropeptides have been found in the nervous systems of coelenterates. The most abundant neuropeptides were those related to the molluscan neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFamide). Of antisera against different fragments of FMRFamide, those against RFamide were superior in recognizing the coelenterate peptide. Incubation of whole mounts with these RFamide antisera visualized the coelenterate nervous system in such a detail as has previously not been possible. By using a radioimmunoassay with a RFamide antiserum and [J-125]-YFMRFamide as tracer, the RFamide-like peptide from sea anemones was isolated. After cation-exchange chromatography, gelfiltration and HPLC, this peptide was obtained in a pure form ...
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/argpheamidelike-peptides-in-the-primitive-nervous-systems-of-coelenterates
Identification, isolation and characterization of tetracosapolyenoic acids in lipids of marine coelenterates | Callaghan...Identification, isolation and characterization of tetracosapolyenoic acids in lipids of marine coelenterates | Callaghan...
Several tetracosapolyenoic acids (TPA) were detected in lipids of different marine coelenterates. Two of these acids were isolated and their structures were confirmed by chemical and spectral methods as all-cis-6,9,12,15,18-tetracosapentaenoic and all-cis-6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid. Their distribution among lipids of a number of species of different classes of coelenterates from the northern and tropical seas, among neutral and polar lipids of these organisms was investigated. Significant quantities of TPA were found in all of the Octacorallia species studied. In some cases the sum of TPA reaches the level of 20% of total lipid fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of different coelenterates is also discussed. © 1991 ...
https://www.callaghaninnovation.govt.nz/identification-isolation-and-characterization-tetracosapolyenoic-acids-lipids-marine-coelenterates
Difference Between Coelenterates and Platyhelminthes l Coelenterates vs PlatyhelminthesDifference Between Coelenterates and Platyhelminthes l Coelenterates vs Platyhelminthes
What is the difference between Coelenterates and Platyhelminthes? Coelenterates are diploblastic invertebrates; Platyhelminthes are triploblastic invertebrates
http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-coelenterates-and-vs-platyhelminthes/
Bioactive Glass Composite Implants in Cranial Bone Reconstruction - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govBioactive Glass Composite Implants in Cranial Bone Reconstruction - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Traditional skull and facial bone reconstructions with hard tissues have a long history with good clinical outcomes. However, they have certain disadvantages. The benefits of synthetic materials are the avoidance of donor-site morbidity and scars, but also shorter hospitalization time, lower expenses and known composition. Custom-made skull bone implant can produced based on patients clinical need utilizing rapid prototyping technologies. This will result in very high accuracy of the form of the skull defect.. Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) is one of the most widely used alloplastic material in surgery. Bioactive glass S53P4 (BAG) particles have been used in various clinical indications. BAG was added to composite implant of PMMA with glass fibre reinforcement to enhance bone ingrowth to implant, and to utilize BAG`s antimicrobial effects. Ten patients cranial defects are treated with composite implants. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01202838?recr=Open&intr=%22Eyeglasses%22&rank=19
Rabbit Polyclonal to HGS - Polo-Like Kinases and Aurora Kinases in Cancer TherapyRabbit Polyclonal to HGS - Polo-Like Kinases and Aurora Kinases in Cancer Therapy
Background Apoptosis, one of many types of programmed cell loss of life, is conducted and regulated with a organic proteins network. vertebrate, nematode, and insect genomes, got multiple paralogs in the cnidarian-bilaterian ancestor. Different people of the ancestral Apaf-1 family members resulted in the extant protein in nematodes/pests and in deuterostomes, detailing significant functional differences between proteins that until had been thought to be orthologous today. Similarly, 173220-07-0 IC50 the advancement from the Bcl-2 and caspase proteins families appears 173220-07-0 IC50 amazingly complicated and evidently included significant gene reduction in nematodes and pests and expansions in deuterostomes. Bottom line The rising picture from the evolution from the apoptosis network is certainly among a succession of lineage-specific expansions and loss, which combined with limited amount of apoptotic proteins families, led to apparent commonalities between systems in different ...
http://technumber.com/tag/rabbit-polyclonal-to-hgs/
Cnidaria (Coelenterates)Cnidaria (Coelenterates)
Cnidaria (Gr., cnidae, nettle) is a phylum of mostly marine Metazoa distinguished by cnidocysts, subcellular capsules containing an inverted tubule capable of everting and, in some cases, discharging venom
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0001583.html
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Cnidarian Venoms. A Review on Health Implications and Possible Therapeutic...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Cytotoxic and Cytolytic Cnidarian Venoms. A Review on Health Implications and Possible Therapeutic...
The toxicity of Cnidaria is a subject of concern for its influence on human activities and public health. During the last decades, the mechanisms of cell injury caused by cnidarian venoms have been studied utilizing extracts from several Cnidaria that have been tested in order to evaluate some fundamental parameters, such as the activity on cell survival, functioning and metabolism, and to improve the knowledge about the mechanisms of action of these compounds. In agreement with the modern tendency aimed to avoid the utilization of living animals in the experiments and to substitute them with in vitro systems, established cell lines or primary cultures have been employed to test cnidarian extracts or derivatives. Several cnidarian venoms have been found to have cytotoxic properties and have been also shown to cause hemolytic effects. Some studied substances have been shown to affect tumour cells and microorganisms, so making cnidarian extracts particularly interesting for their possible therapeutic
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/6/1/108/notes
Planulae brooding and acquisition of zooxanthellae in Xenia macrospiculata (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) | SpringerLinkPlanulae brooding and acquisition of zooxanthellae in Xenia macrospiculata (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) | SpringerLink
Brooding in the octocoral Xenia macrospiculata is described. Young planulae of X. macrospiculatawere found in brooding pouches located below the anthocodia among the polyps cavities. These cavities...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02367101
sharon-taxonomy2009-p2 - Cnidaria
Cnidarians disdinguising feature is their cnidocytes, which are specialized cells that are used for capturing prey. Their bodies are made of mesoglea, a gelatinous substance, which is layered in between to layers of epithelial tissue, which are one cell-layer thick. Cnidaria have a very simple digestive tract known as the gastrovascular cavity. The gastrovascular cavity is located at the center of the sac-like body and is accessed by a single opening. This opening serves as the mouth and anus. Cnidarians also have tentacles with stinging cells. These cells are used to subdue prey, and some contain toxins irritating or poisonous to humans. Cnidarians exist as one of two types. The first is a polyp, which has a barrel shape and attaches to the sea floor via its body. Extending upwards off of the body are the tentacles. Some species of polyps can propagate vegetatively, meaning that they reproduce asexually through methods such as budding (an outgrowth of the parent separates to form a new ...
http://sharon-taxonomy2009-p2.wikispaces.com/Cnidaria?responseToken=e5cdd1ccb403e7fa69b6b5fbb5483dda
Cnidarians Browse - Page 1 | BritannicaCnidarians Browse - Page 1 | Britannica
Cnidarian, also called coelenterate, any member of the phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata), a group made up of more than 9,000 living species. Mostly marine animals, the cnidarians include the corals, hydras,…
https://www.britannica.com/browse/Cnidarians/1
PPT - Cnidaria PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:1981265PPT - Cnidaria PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:1981265
Cnidaria. Hydras, anemones, jellyfish, corals. Key Characteristics. Lives both in salt and fresh water Simple nervous system Stinging cells Radial Symmetry Two embryonic cell layers . Anatomy. Nerve net- areas densely pact with nerve cells Statocyst - an organ for movement Slideshow 1981265...
https://www.slideserve.com/knoton/cnidaria
All Things Beautiful: Phylum Cnidaria, Part 1: Hydra and JellyfishAll Things Beautiful: Phylum Cnidaria, Part 1: Hydra and Jellyfish
Cnidarian comes from the Greek word knide, which means nettle, which is something which delivers a sting. They sting because they have nematocysts which are like little capsules of stinging liquid with a sharp needle-like point which pieces the skin, letting out a thin hollow thread to deliver the liquid under the skin ...
https://homeschooljournal-bergblog.blogspot.com/2013/01/phylum-cnidarian-part-1-hydra-and.html
2011L Lec4 Cnidaria Spr08 - Phylum Cnidaria-bearing stingers(cnidae The major lineages of evolution in animals Fundamental...2011L Lec4 Cnidaria Spr08 - Phylum Cnidaria-bearing stingers(cnidae The major lineages of evolution in animals Fundamental...
View Notes - 2011L Lec4 Cnidaria Spr08 from BIO bsc2011L at FSU. Phylum Cnidaria-bearing stingers (cnidae)- The major lineages of evolution in animals Fundamental evolutionary divergence among
https://www.coursehero.com/file/82827/2011L-Lec4-Cnidaria-Spr08/
Cnidaria Flashcards - Cram.comCnidaria Flashcards - Cram.com
Study Flashcards On Cnidaria at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/cnidaria-381220
Deuterostome - WikipediaDeuterostome - Wikipedia
The majority of animals more complex than jellyfish and other Cnidarians are split into two groups, the protostomes and deuterostomes. Chordates (which include all the vertebrates) are deuterostomes.[8] It seems likely that the 555 million year old Kimberella was a member of the protostomes.[9][10] That implies that the protostome and deuterostome lineages split some time before Kimberella appeared - at least 558 million years ago, and hence well before the start of the Cambrian 541 million years ago,[8] i.e. during the later part of the Ediacaran Era (circa 635-542 Mya, around the end of global Marinoan glaciation in the late Neoproterozoic). The oldest discovered proposed deuterostome is Saccorhytus coronarius, which lived approximately 540 million years ago.[2][11] The researchers that made the discovery believe that the Saccorhytus is a common ancestor to all previously-known deuterostomes.[11]. Fossils of one major deuterostome group, the echinoderms (whose modern members include sea stars, ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterostome
ChordateChordate
While this has been well known since the 19th century, an insistence on only monophyletic taxa has resulted in vertebrate classification being in a state of flux.[32]. The majority of animals more complex than jellyfish and other Cnidarians are split into two groups, the protostomes and deuterostomes, the latter of which contains chordates.[33] It seems very likely the 555 million-year-old Kimberella was a member of the protostomes.[34][35] If so, this means the protostome and deuterostome lineages must have split some time before Kimberella appeared-at least 558 million years ago, and hence well before the start of the Cambrian 541 million years ago.[33] The Ediacaran fossil Ernietta, from about 549 to 543 million years ago, may represent a deuterostome animal.[36]. Fossils of one major deuterostome group, the echinoderms (whose modern members include starfish, sea urchins and crinoids), are quite common from the start of the Cambrian, 542 million years ago.[37] The Mid Cambrian fossil ...
http://zims-en.kiwix.campusafrica.gos.orange.com/wikipedia_en_all_nopic/A/Chordate
MUTANT SOUNDS: Dub Sonic Roots meets Nerve Net Noise-Live at Uplink Factory November 3, 1996,CD,1997,JapanMUTANT SOUNDS: Dub Sonic Roots meets Nerve Net Noise-Live at Uplink Factory November 3, 1996,CD,1997,Japan
Nerve Net Noise is the Japanese duo of Tsuyoshi Tagomago Nakamura and Hiroshi Kumakiri who specialize in minimalist, glitch and noise music produced with homemade analogue synthesizers. After the collaboration Dub Sonic meets Nerve Net Noise (Zero Gravity, 1997) and This Island Earth (Zero Gravity, 1997), they delivered the provocative 160/240 (Meme, 1998), devoted to minimalist , patiente-testing processes of decomposition. Various Amusements (Hronir, 2001) is a concept album about the lifestyle of teenage girls, that lays down glitchy soundscapes and then detonate them with bursts of harsh, violent noise, according to an aesthetics closer to industrial music than to ambient music. Meteor Circuit (Intransitive, 2002) toys with the patterns and sounds that were the staple of old-fashioned electronic music of the 1950s ...
https://mutant-sounds.blogspot.com/2007/12/dub-sonic-roots-meets-nerve-net-noise.html
Evolutionary relationship between mesoderm & mesoglea? - Biology-OnlineEvolutionary relationship between mesoderm & mesoglea? - Biology-Online
I was reading about invertebrates, and noted that Ctenophores and Cnidarians have a gel-like, acellular layer separating their ecto and gastrodermis, termed the mesoglea. I know these two phyla are diploblastic, and that acoelomorphs, ecdysozoans, lophotrochozans, and deuterostomes (the bilaterians) are all triploblastic, thus they have three primary tissue layers during embryonic development (epi, endo, and mesoderm) as opposed to two. Is it plausible to hypothesize that perhaps the mesodermic layer of the bilaterians evolved from the mesoglea of our diploblastic ancestors? I know the mesoglea functions mainly in support, and read that the mesoderm gives rise to many cell types, including bone and muscle cells. I searched online for any articles examining the evolutionary relationship between the two, but couldnt find anything. Im kind of new to evolutionary bio, so sorry if this is way off the mark ...
https://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/viewtopic.php?t=16659
Re: Evolutionary relationship between mesoderm & mesoglea?Re: Evolutionary relationship between mesoderm & mesoglea?
I was reading about invertebrates, and noted that Ctenophores and Cnidarians have a gel-like, acellular layer separating their ecto and gastrodermis, termed the mesoglea. I know these two phyla are diploblastic, and that acoelomorphs, ecdysozoans, lophotrochozans, and deuterostomes (the bilaterians) are all triploblastic, thus they have three primary tissue layers during embryonic development (epi, endo, and mesoderm) as opposed to two. Is it plausible to hypothesize that perhaps the mesodermic layer of the bilaterians evolved from the mesoglea of our diploblastic ancestors? I know the mesoglea functions mainly in support, and read that the mesoderm gives rise to many cell types, including bone and muscle cells. I searched online for any articles examining the evolutionary relationship between the two, but couldnt find anything. Im kind of new to evolutionary bio, so sorry if this is way off the mark.. ...
https://forum.biologyonline.com/topic/evolutionary-relationship-between-mesoderm-amp-mesoglea
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Cnidarian Toxins Acting on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels | NotesMarine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Cnidarian Toxins Acting on Voltage-Gated Ion Channels | Notes
Voltage-gated ion channels generate electrical activity in excitable cells. As such, they are essential components of neuromuscular and neuronal systems, and are targeted by toxins from a wide variety of phyla, including the cnidarians. Here, we review cnidarian toxins known to target voltage-gated ion channels, the specific channel types targeted, and, where known, the sites of action of cnidarian toxins on different channels.
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/4/3/70/notes
Nerves and Conduction of Nerve Impulses - PDF Free DownloadNerves and Conduction of Nerve Impulses - PDF Free Download
A. Introduction 1. Innovation in Cnidaria - Nerve net a. We need to talk more about nerves b. Cnidaria have simple nerve net - 2 way conduction c. Basis for more complex system in Vertebrates B. Vertebrate
http://docplayer.net/21653200-Nerves-and-conduction-of-nerve-impulses.html
Millepore | cnidarian | BritannicaMillepore | cnidarian | Britannica
Millepore, (Millepora), any of a genus of invertebrate marine animals comprising the order Milleporina (phylum Cnidaria). Millepores are common in shallow tropical seas to depths of 30 metres (about 100 feet). Unlike the true corals, which belong to the class Anthozoa, millepores are closely
https://www.britannica.com/animal/millepore
September 23, 2015<...
Animal Kingdom. 1- Symmetry: Distribution of body parts around a hypothetical axis.. 2- Ostia: Minute pores on body of sponge.. 3- Osculum: Large outlet in body of sponge.. 4- Hermaphrodite: Bisexual.. 5- Polyp: Sessile cylindrical form of coelenterate (Asexual).. 5- Medusa: Umbrella shaped free swimming sexual stage of coelenterate.. 7- Acoelomate: No coelom.. 8- Pseudocoelom: With false coelom (cavity not underlined by mesoderm).. 9- Dioecious: Unisexual.. 10- Operculum: Cover over gills in fish.. 11- Notochord: Dorsal rod like bone. 12- Homoiotherms: Warm blooded.. 13- Bioluminescence- Emit light.. ...
https://www.padheye.com/2015/09/important-points-of-animal-kingdom.html
A Guide to the Cnidarians: Basics and BeyondA Guide to the Cnidarians: Basics and Beyond
Cnidarians are diverse and come in many shapes and sizes but there are some basic anatomical features that most members of the group share in common.
https://www.thoughtco.com/a-guide-to-the-cnidarians-129832
Nerve Net - WikipedieNerve Net - Wikipedie
Nerve Net je studiové album britského multi-instrumentalisty Briana Eno. Vyšlo v září 1992 u vydavatelství All Saints Records a jeho producentem byl Brian Eno. Album vyšlo i v Československu u vydavatelství Popron.[2] Na albu se Eno vrátil k rockovějšímu stylu s prvky jazzu. Jako doprovodní hudebníci se zde představili například Robert Fripp (King Crimson) nebo John Paul Jones (Led Zeppelin). V roce 2014 vyšla reedice alba.[3][4] ...
https://cs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_Net
Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)Systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)
Staurozoan classification is highly subjective, based on phylogeny-free inferences, and suborders, families, and genera are commonly defined by homoplasies. Additionally, many characters used in the taxonomy of the group have ontogenetic and intraspecific variation, and demand new and consistent assessments to establish their correct homologies. Consequently, Staurozoa is in need of a thorough systematic revision. The aim of this study is to propose a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for Staurozoa, providing the first phylogenetic classification for the group. According to our working hypothesis based on a combined set of molecular data (mitochondrial markers COI and 16S, and nuclear markers ITS, 18S, and 28S), the traditional suborders Cleistocarpida (animals with claustrum) and Eleutherocarpida (animals without claustrum) are not monophyletic. Instead, our results show that staurozoans are divided into two groups, herein named Amyostaurida and Myostaurida, which can be distinguished by ...
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/29006?show=full
St. Thomas Bubble (per Polyp) / Discosoma sanctithomae / Wild Polyps, Mushroom - Quality MarineSt. Thomas Bubble (per Polyp) / Discosoma sanctithomae / Wild Polyps, Mushroom - Quality Marine
Invertebrates / St. Thomas Bubble (per Polyp) / Discosoma sanctithomae / Wild Polyps, Mushroom . Quality Marine offers a great variety of corals and invertebrates, and is very supportive of numerous aquaculture efforts around the globe from which we offer the retailer and the hobbyist an environmentally sensitive alternative to wild harvest.
https://www.qualitymarine.com/Products/Invertebrates/Wild/Polyps,-Mushroom/Discosoma-sanctithomae/St.-Thomas-Bubble-
Nervous System | Shop | Cnidaria RingNervous System | Shop | Cnidaria Ring
The top of this ring blooms into an intricately undulating surface, inspired by the frilly arms of a jellyfish. Floraform is inspired by the biomechanics of growing leaves and blooming flowers. Each piece emerges from a computational simulation of differential growth, a surface that grows at different rates in different location. The flowering structures expand fastest along their edges, evolving from simple surfaces to flexuous forms that fill space with curves, folds, and ruffles. Read more about Floraform ...
https://n-e-r-v-o-u-s.com/shop/product.php?code=261&search=3dprint
Belgian Register of Marine Species - SpeciesBelgian Register of Marine Species - Species
Some of the most interesting and enigmatic cnidarians are classified within the hydrozoan subclass Trachylina. Despite being relatively depauperate in species richness, the clade contains four taxa typically accorded ordinal status: Actinulida,Limnomedusae, Narcomedusae and Trachymedusae. We bring molecular data (mitochondrial 16S and nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal genes) to bear on the question of phylogenetic relationships within Trachylina. Surprisingly, we find that a diminutive polyp form, Microhydrula limopsicola (classified within Limnomedusae) is actually a previously unknown life stage of a species of Stauromedusae. Our data confirm that the interstitial form Halammohydra sp. (Actinulida) is derived from holopelagic direct developing ancestors, likely within the trachymedusan family Rhopalonematidae. Trachymedusae is shown to be diphyletic, suggesting that the polyp stage has been lost independently at least two times within trachyline evolution. Narcomedusae is supported as ...
http://www.marinespecies.org/berms/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=130024
Sponges and Cnidarians - Biology JunctionSponges and Cnidarians - Biology Junction
The Abnormal Biology of A Baby Joseph was an unhappy baby. He didnt sleep for long periods and appeared to cry all a time. Hed best if he had been held and rocked, or walked. He spit after feeding and was negatively compared to other babies in the family. His parents gently called him their high care child. … Continue reading Sponges and Cnidarians ...
http://www.biologyjunction.com/sponges_and_cnidarians.htm
CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure - Information and Data Centre
Cairns, S.D. Gershwin, L.-A. Brook, F.J. Pugh, P. Dawson, E.W. Ocaña, O. Vervoort, W. Williams, G. Watson, J.E. Opresko, D.M. Schuchert, P. Hine, P.M. Gordon, D.P. Campbell, H.J. Wright, A.J. Sánchez, J.A. Fautin, D.G., 2009. Phylum Cnidaria. In: Gordon, D.P., Editor, New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One. Kingdom Animalia. Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia: 59-101. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, NZ 566pp ...
http://www.cmar.csiro.au/data/caab/taxon_report.cfm?caab_code=11232032
CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure - Information and Data Centre
Cairns, S.D. Gershwin, L.-A. Brook, F.J. Pugh, P. Dawson, E.W. Ocaña, O. Vervoort, W. Williams, G. Watson, J.E. Opresko, D.M. Schuchert, P. Hine, P.M. Gordon, D.P. Campbell, H.J. Wright, A.J. Sánchez, J.A. Fautin, D.G., 2009. Phylum Cnidaria. In: Gordon, D.P., Editor, New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One. Kingdom Animalia. Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia: 59-101. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch, NZ 566pp ...
http://www.cmar.csiro.au/data/caab/taxon_report.cfm?caab_code=11314088
WoRMS - World Register of Marine SpeciesWoRMS - World Register of Marine Species
Cairns, S.D., and Bayer, F.M., 2009. Octocorallia (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 321-331 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas ...
http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=sourcedetails&id=141203
Rhysia fletcheri
Cnidaria,Hydroid,Rhysia,Rhysia fletcheri,Garry Fletcher,Invertebrate taxonomy, Dr. Anita Brinckmann-Voss,Marine Protected Area, Race Rocks
http://www.racerocks.com/racerock/hydroid/pub/Rhysia.htm
The Earliest Eumetazoan ProgressionThe Earliest Eumetazoan Progression
With all this in hand, lets look at symmetry. Since the Cnidarian medusa forms have a well-defined radial symmetry around their oral/aboral axis, well start with that. If we imagine a glove with poles, latitude, longitude, and an equator, lets break the equator into four equal sections, broken at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Well define a primary mirror image at each break line, so each section looks identical to its reflection in each mirror. Well also define a second set of mirrors intermediate to the the first, at 45°-225° and 135°-315°. Each section, then, is identical to every other, and to its reflection across the primary mirror line. Each sections halves are also identical but inverted across the secondary mirror line running down its middle. This is radial symmetry with an index of four. A simple square has this sort of symmetry. It can be divided into four identical sections, reflected in the two mirror axes, with each section having identical but inverted left and right ...
http://artksthoughts.blogspot.com/2009/07/earliest-eumetazoan-progression.html
Biology - Animal Kingdom Revision Notes for NEET (AIPMT) & Medical Exams | askIITiansBiology - Animal Kingdom Revision Notes for NEET (AIPMT) & Medical Exams | askIITians
askIITians offers revision notes on Animal Kingdom including classification of phylums protozoa, cnidaria, nematoda, mollusca for NEET (AIPMT) & Medical Exams. Download here:
http://www.askiitians.com/revision-notes/biology/animal-kingdom/
Corals & Jellies</span...Corals & Jellies</span...
Cnidarians, such as jellyfish, are animals that reside solely in aquatic environments. Learn more about Cnidarians at HowStuffWorks.
https://animals.howstuffworks.com/marine-life/cnidarians.htm
In Search of the Origin of Our BrainIn Search of the Origin of Our Brain
H. Watanabe, A. Kuhn, M. Fushiki, K. Agata, Y. Kocag z, S. zbek, T. Fujisawa & T.W. Holstein: Sequential actions of -catenin and Bmp pattern the oral nerve net in Nematostella vectensi. Nature Communication 5:5536 (23 December 2014), doi:10.1038/ ...
http://www.uni-protokolle.de/nachrichten/id/290516/
News - Page 9 - HITS gGmbHNews - Page 9 - HITS gGmbH
Scientists at Heidelberg University and the Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) have discovered an unusually elastic protein in one of the most ancient groups of animals, the over 600-million-year-old cnidarians. The protein is a part of the weapons system that the cnidarians use: a kind of harpoon launched from their body at extremely high…. Details ...
https://www.h-its.org/en/news/page/9/
Caps and Closures Market Report - Forecast, Outlook, Key SuppliersCaps and Closures Market Report - Forecast, Outlook, Key Suppliers
Stay updated on the latest Caps and Closures Market price trends, industry outlook and top suppliers with this comprehensive report from Beroe. Download Now.
https://www.beroeinc.com/category-intelligence/caps-and-closures-market/
AKs Rambling Thoughts: July 2009AKs Rambling Thoughts: July 2009
With all this in hand, lets look at symmetry. Since the Cnidarian medusa forms have a well-defined radial symmetry around their oral/aboral axis, well start with that. If we imagine a glove with poles, latitude, longitude, and an equator, lets break the equator into four equal sections, broken at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. Well define a primary mirror image at each break line, so each section looks identical to its reflection in each mirror. Well also define a second set of mirrors intermediate to the the first, at 45°-225° and 135°-315°. Each section, then, is identical to every other, and to its reflection across the primary mirror line. Each sections halves are also identical but inverted across the secondary mirror line running down its middle. This is radial symmetry with an index of four. A simple square has this sort of symmetry. It can be divided into four identical sections, reflected in the two mirror axes, with each section having identical but inverted left and right ...
http://artksthoughts.blogspot.com/2009_07_01_archive.html
Cnidaria
Ax, P. 1989. Basic phylogenetic systematization of Metazoa. Pp. 453-470 in K. B. B. Fernholm and H. Jornvall (eds.). The Hierarchy of Life. Elsevier, Amsterdam.. Bridge, D., C. W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, and L. W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: Molecular and morphological evidence. Molec. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. Bridge, D., C. W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, and L. W.. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: Evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8750-8753. Brusca, C. B. and G. J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA.. Dunn, D. F. 1982. Cnidaria. Pp. 669-705 in S. P. Parker (ed.) Synopsis and Classification of Living organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York.. Fautin, D. G. and R. N. Mariscal. 1991. Cnidaria: Anthozoa. Pp. 267-358 in F. W. Harrison and J. A. Westfall (eds.) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, volume 2: Placozoa, Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora. Wiley-Liss, ...
http://tolweb.org/cnidaria
Cnidaria
Ax, P. 1989. Basic phylogenetic systematization of Metazoa. Pp. 453-470 in K. B. B. Fernholm and H. Jornvall (eds.). The Hierarchy of Life. Elsevier, Amsterdam.. Bridge, D., C. W. Cunningham, R. DeSalle, and L. W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: Molecular and morphological evidence. Molec. Biol. Evol. 12:679-689. Bridge, D., C. W. Cunningham, B. Schierwater, R. DeSalle, and L. W.. Buss. 1992. Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: Evidence from mitochondrial genome structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8750-8753. Brusca, C. B. and G. J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA.. Dunn, D. F. 1982. Cnidaria. Pp. 669-705 in S. P. Parker (ed.) Synopsis and Classification of Living organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York.. Fautin, D. G. and R. N. Mariscal. 1991. Cnidaria: Anthozoa. Pp. 267-358 in F. W. Harrison and J. A. Westfall (eds.) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, volume 2: Placozoa, Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora. Wiley-Liss, ...
http://tolweb.org/Cnidaria/
Isolation of pyroGlu-Leu-Leu-Gly-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2 (Pol-RFamide), a novel neuropeptide from hydromedusae
The hydromedusa Polyorchis penicillatus is a good model system to study neurotransmission in coelenterates. Using a radioimmunoassay for the peptide sequence Arg-Phe-NH2 (RFamide), two peptides have now been purified from acetic acid extracts of this medusa. The structure of one of these peptides was established as pyroGlu-Leu-Leu-Gly-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2, and was named Pol-RFamide. This peptide belongs to the same peptide family as a recently isolated neuropeptide from sea anemones (pyroGlu-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2). Using antisera to Pol-RFamide, the peptide was found to be exclusively localized in neurones of Polyorchis, among them neurones associated with smooth-muscle fibres. This suggests that Pol-RFamide might be a transmitter or modulator at neuromuscular junctions ...
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/isolation-of-pyrogluleuleuglyglyargphenh2-polrfamide-a-novel-neuropeptide-from-hydromedusae
Scyphozoa - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaScyphozoa - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Scyphozoa is a class of the phylum Cnidaria, sometimes referred to as the true jellyfish. There are 200 species. The name Scyphozoa comes from a Greek word which refers to the cup shape of the jellyfish. The medusa form is the dominant life form, as opposed to the polyp. They eat plankton, small crustaceans and fish larvae, which they capture using stinging cells called nematocysts. The nematocysts are attached to the tentacles that hang down from the edge of the umbrella dome. Scyphozoans have an internal jelly-like material. They have no hard parts, no head, and no specialized organs for respiration or excretion. Unlike other types of jellyfish, scyphozoans lack a velum, a circular membrane which propels other jellyfish through the water. Scyphozoans move through the water by contracting and relaxing the muscles of their umbrella. ...
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scyphozoa
A polymorphic, thrombospondin domain-containing lectin is an oocyte marker in hydractinia: implications for germ cell...A polymorphic, thrombospondin domain-containing lectin is an oocyte marker in hydractinia: implications for germ cell...
We have identified a novel, multidomain, polymorphic lectin in the marine cnidarian Hydractinia echinata. The gene is expressed in oocytes and was therefore named CEL for cnidarian egg lectin. The predicted protein has an unusual domain architecture, consisting of variable numbers of thrombospondin type 1 domains, flanked by one N-terminal and two C-terminal galactose binding lectin domains. The diversity of the genes transcripts results from allelic polymorphism as well as alternative splicing. Hydractinia is dioecious and its sex has been reported previously to be genetically determined. We found intersexual colonies that were functional males, but had immature CEL-positive oocytes alongside mature sperm in the same gonads. Intersexuality was observed to be common in one population but not found in others. Hermaphroditic, self-fertile colonies were found in one locality; however, in these cases gonads contained either male or female gametes without mixed ones. Intersexuality that was ...
https://aran.library.nuigalway.ie/handle/10379/12605?show=full
Generating Transgenic Reporter Lines for Studying Nervous System Development in the Cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. - PubMed...Generating Transgenic Reporter Lines for Studying Nervous System Development in the Cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. - PubMed...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31552648
Anthozoa
Bayer, F. M. 1956. Octocorallia. Pp. F166-F230 in: R. C. Moore (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part F: Coelenterata. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.. Bayer, F. M., M. Grasshoff, and J. Verseveldt. 1983. Illustrated trilingual glossary of morphological and anatomical terms applied to Octocorallia. E. J. Brill / Dr. W.Backhuys, Leiden. 75 pp.. Berntson, E. A., S. C. France, and L. S. Mullineaux. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships within the Class Anthozoa (Phylum Cnidaria) based on nuclear 18S rDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13: 417-433.. Bridge, D., C. W. Cunningham, R. deSalle, and L. W. Buss. 1995. Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: Molecular and morphological evidence. Molecular Biology and Evolution 12: 679-689.. Chen, C. A., D. M. Odorico, M. ten Lohuis, J. E. N. Veron, and D. J. Miller. 1995. Systematic relationships within the Anthozoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) using the 5-end of the 28S rDNA. Molecular ...
http://tol.tolweb.org/Anthozoa/17634
Cnidaria - the nettle animals - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New ZealandCnidaria - the nettle animals - Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
Corals, sea anemones and jellyfish belong to a group of animals called cnidarians (pronounced nid-air-e-ans). There are two others in the cnidarian group: hydroids, known collectively as sea firs; and siphonophores, such as the Portuguese man-of-war, which are not single creatures, but colonies of many specialised individuals.. With 1,048 marine species, cnidarians are one of the largest groups of invertebrates in New Zealand waters. Although they may look quite different from each other, they share a common ancestry.. A feature of cnidarians is that they may have two forms. In one, the medusa or jellyfish phase, it is free swimming; in the other, it attaches to a surface and is called a polyp.. Cnidarians have a simple sac-like body, with a single opening surrounded by a ring of tentacles. Their body is made of two distinct layers of tissue, separated by a thick gelatinous substance called mesoglea.. All cnidarians have specialised stinging or nettle cells in their tentacles (their name comes ...
https://teara.govt.nz/en/corals-anemones-and-jellyfish/page-1
Clytia hemisphaerica | MARIMBAClytia hemisphaerica | MARIMBA
in the early 2000s came from a group investigating embryo polarity development (E. Houliston and colleagues). Sequence resource development was shared with an Evo-Devo group (M. Manuel and colleagues) seeking a medusa-bearing model from the Cnidaria, The evolutionary interest of the medusa lies in many complex features including striated muscle and sense organs that are absent in the polyp and thus from the main cnidarian molecular models ...
http://marimba.obs-vlfr.fr/organism/Clytia/hemisphaerica?pane=feature_browser&page=18%2C2&block=biomaterial_browser
Clytia hemisphaerica | MARIMBAClytia hemisphaerica | MARIMBA
in the early 2000s came from a group investigating embryo polarity development (E. Houliston and colleagues). Sequence resource development was shared with an Evo-Devo group (M. Manuel and colleagues) seeking a medusa-bearing model from the Cnidaria, The evolutionary interest of the medusa lies in many complex features including striated muscle and sense organs that are absent in the polyp and thus from the main cnidarian molecular models ...
http://marimba.obs-vlfr.fr/organism/Clytia/hemisphaerica
Phylum Cnidaria | manoa.hawaii.edu/ExploringOurFluidEarthPhylum Cnidaria | manoa.hawaii.edu/ExploringOurFluidEarth
The body plans cnidarians generally have radial symmetry (Fig. 3.25 A). Because the tentacles of corals, jellyfish, and sea anemones have this radial structure, they can sting and capture food coming from any direction.. Many cnidarians take two main structural forms during their life cycles, a polyp form and a medusa form. The polyp form has a body shaped like a hollow cylinder or a bag that opens and closes at the top (Fig. 3.25 A). Tentacles form a ring around a small mouth at the top of the bag. The mouth leads to a central body cavity, the gastrovascular cavity (Fig. 3.24 B). Polyps attach to hard surfaces with their mouths up. Because they are sessile organisms, they can only capture food that touches their tentacles. Their mesoglea layer is very thin. Corals and sea anemones are polyps. Most of these animals are small, but a few sea anemones can grow as large as 1 meter in diameter. The second structural form that cnidarians have is called the medusa form. Medusa bodies are shaped like an ...
https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/biological/invertebrates/phylum-cnidaria
Linear Mitochondrial Genome in Anthozoa (Cnidaria): A Case Study in Ceriantharia | Scientific ReportsLinear Mitochondrial Genome in Anthozoa (Cnidaria): A Case Study in Ceriantharia | Scientific Reports
Sequences and structural attributes of mitochondrial genomes have played a critical role in the clarification of relationships among Cnidaria, a key phylum of early-diverging animals. Among the major lineages of Cnidaria, Ceriantharia (
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-42621-z.?error=cookies_not_supported&code=66f051eb-db5f-4a3e-91a9-8c51e6a6f0b4
Most recent papers with the keyword Clytia | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Clytia | Read by QxMD
Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and calcium-activated photoproteins of the aequorin/clytin family, now widely used as research tools, were originally isolated from the hydrozoan jellyfish Aequora victoria. It is known that bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is possible between these proteins to generate flashes of green light, but the native function and significance of this phenomenon is unclear. Using the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica, we characterized differential expression of three clytin and four GFP genes in distinct tissues at larva, medusa and polyp stages, corresponding to the major in vivo sites of bioluminescence (medusa tentacles and eggs) and fluorescence (these sites plus medusa manubrium, gonad and larval ectoderms ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/78107
polyp and medusa diagram
Other hydranths are specialized for defence. In contrast, the second form is gastrodermis (endodermis), with a mesoglia which is jelly-like filling the area between the two tissue layers. The epidermis is the outer layer. Dennis Gordon, Corals, anemones and jellyfish - Cnidaria - the nettle animals, Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/diagram/4721/polyp-and-medusa-body-shapes (accessed 8 January 2021), Story by Dennis Gordon, published 12 Jun 2006, updated 26 Sep 2016. Polyps are roughly cylindrical in shape and elongated at the axis of the vase-shaped body. A jelly-like substance called mesoglea lies between the outer and inner layers of the body. Medusa is a type of body form found in cnidarians. Polyp: Medusa: C. Look at the UC Berkeley web site for another diagram of a medusa and more information about general Cnidarian morphology. Medusa. Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand Artwork by Bruce Mahalski. 1. Phylum Cnidaria, which include about 9000 ...
https://budrem.gda.pl/trumpet-sheet-ysrelo/polyp-and-medusa-diagram-ab1819
Specification and differentiation of neural cells in Nematostella vectensisSpecification and differentiation of neural cells in Nematostella vectensis
During embryonic development, early neurogenesis can be divided into several components, such as the origin, proliferation and movement of neural stem cells and progenitor cells, which are regulated by conserved genes and signalling pathways. These fundamental aspects of neurogenesis have been extensively studied in only a few bilaterian model organisms, leaving many questions regarding the evolution of this process open. The cnidarian and bilaterian lineages are sister groups that separated approximately 600 million years ago. Cnidarians have an informative position to study the early evolution of cellular and molecular aspects of neurogenesis and to understand common principles of neural development. Nematostella vectensis is a sea anemone, member of the phylum Cnidaria. They possess epithelial neural progenitor cells that express NvSoxB(2) and Atonal-like transcription factors. The Notch signalling pathways regulates the number of progenitor cells and achaete-scute is involved in further ...
http://bora.uib.no/handle/1956/21490
Evidence that glucose is the major transferred metabolite in dinoflagellate-cnidarian symbiosis | Journal of Experimental...Evidence that glucose is the major transferred metabolite in dinoflagellate-cnidarian symbiosis | Journal of Experimental...
Reef-building corals and many other cnidarians are symbiotic with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. It has long been known that the endosymbiotic algae transfer much of their photosynthetically fixed carbon to the host and that this can provide much of the hosts total energy. However, it has remained unclear which metabolite(s) are directly translocated from the algae into the host tissue. We reexamined this question in the small sea anemone Aiptasia using labeling of intact animals in the light with 13C-bicarbonate, rapid homogenization and separation of animal and algal fractions, and analysis of metabolite labeling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found labeled glucose in the animal fraction within 2 min of exposure to 13C-bicarbonate, whereas no significant labeling of other compounds was observed within the first 10 min. Although considerable previous evidence has suggested that glycerol might be a major translocated metabolite, we saw no significant labeling of ...
https://jeb.biologists.org/content/215/19/3467.short
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code - WikipediaThe mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code - Wikipedia
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon. AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIIMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG Starts = --MM---------------M------------MMMM---------------M------------ Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U). Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_mold,_protozoan,_and_coelenterate_mitochondrial_code_and_the_mycoplasma/spiroplasma_code
Hydrozoa (Hydroids) | Encyclopedia.com
Hydrozoa(Hydroids) Phylum CnidariaClass HydrozoaNumber of families 114Thumbnail description Invertebrates with a body plan that is comprised of a medusa with velum, a muscular projection from the subumbrellar margin that partially closes the subumbrellar cavity, and polyps; life cycles always involve the presence of a planula larva Source for information on Hydrozoa (Hydroids): Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia dictionary.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hydrozoa-hydroids
Expression of ParaHox and Mox genes in Clytia hemisphae | Open-iExpression of ParaHox and Mox genes in Clytia hemisphae | Open-i
Expression of ParaHox and Mox genes in Clytia hemisphaerica.A-C: CheGsx expression; A: general view of the medusa; B: higher magnification of the distal part
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2626245_pone.0004231.g003&req=4
Biology, Cnidarians, Porifera, anthozoans, worms Flashcards - Cram.comBiology, Cnidarians, Porifera, anthozoans, worms Flashcards - Cram.com
Study Flashcards On Biology, Cnidarians, Porifera, anthozoans, worms at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/biology-cnidarians-porifera-anthozoans-worms-240368
12:49 pm
Science 10 (Block 2) ** Comprehension check tomorrow **. Practice all compounds - 34. Mixed Compounds Worksheet. Human Biology (Block 1). Circulatory and Respiratory research - 25. The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Research Project. Oceans 11 (Block 4). Introduction to Porifera - 17. Marine Invertebrates - Porifera. Introduction to Cnidaria - 18. Marine Invertebrates - Cnidaria. Porifera and Cnidaria assignment - 19. Porifera and Cnidaria Assignment. ...
http://hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca/tmcgrath5/?p=4293
Sulphur sponge and metridium anemones, Metridium senile photo, British Columbia, CanadaSulphur sponge and metridium anemones, Metridium senile photo, British Columbia, Canada
Yellow sulphur sponge and white metridium anemones, on a cold water reef teeming with invertebrate life. Plumose Anemone photo. Metridium senile photograph.
http://www.oceanlight.com/spotlight.php?img=35497
Figures and data in Germ layer-specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm |...Figures and data in Germ layer-specific regulation of cell polarity and adhesion gives insight into the evolution of mesoderm |...
The expression of bilaterian-mesodermal genes changes the epithelial properties of the endomesoderm during the embryogenesis of the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/36740/figures
Jelly Attack!, Belize Barrier ReefJelly Attack!, Belize Barrier Reef
Just the sound of it demands respect. This invertebrate, infamous for its extremely powerful and painful sting belongs to the Cnidaria phylum and is a member of the Hydrozoa class. Cnidaria includes jellyfish, hydras, jellyfishes, anemones, and corals. This ancient phylum, which is at least 500 million years old contains about 9,000 marine species and some of the most beautiful, interesting, and perhaps most dangerous (marine) invertebrates (Wallace and Taylor, 1997). Hydrozoans usually prefer shallow water where their colonies (associations of individuals that share food often and or divide up ecological roles) can contribute heavily to surface growth on submerged objects (Meglitsch and Schram, 1991). The Portuguese man-of-war is likely one of the most complex and specialized hydrozoans (Wallace and taylor, 1997).. Portuguese man-of-wars are easily recognized by their nitrogen-filled, iridescent float. This structure may reach three to 12 inches in length and can extend as much as six inches ...
https://ambergriscaye.com/reefbriefs/briefs94.html
The phylogenetic position of ctenophores and the origin(s) of nervous systems | EvoDevo | Full TextThe phylogenetic position of ctenophores and the origin(s) of nervous systems | EvoDevo | Full Text
Ctenophores have traditionally been treated as eumetazoans, but some recent whole genome studies have revived the idea that they are, rather, the sister group to all other metazoans. This deep branching position implies either that nervous systems have evolved twice, in Ctenophora and in Eumetazoa, or that an ancestral metazoan nervous system has been lost in sponges and placozoans. We caution, however, that phylogenetic-tree construction artifacts may have placed ctenophores too deep in the metazoan tree. We discuss nervous system origins under these alternative phylogenies and in light of comparative data of ctenophore and eumetazoan nervous systems. We argue that characters like neuropeptide signaling, ciliary photoreceptors, gap junctions and presynaptic molecules are consistent with a shared ancestry of nervous systems. However, if ctenophores are the sister group to all other metazoans, this ancestral nervous system was likely very simple. Further studies are needed to resolve the deep phylogeny
https://evodevojournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-9139-6-1
Microarray analysis identifies candidate genes for key roles in coral development - ResearchOnline@JCUMicroarray analysis identifies candidate genes for key roles in coral development - [email protected]
Background: Anthozoan cnidarians are amongst the simplest animals at the tissue level of organization, but are surprisingly complex and vertebrate-like in terms of gene repertoire. As major components of tropical reef ecosystems, the stony corals are anthozoans of particular ecological significance. To better understand the molecular bases of both cnidarian development in general and coral-specific processes such as skeletogenesis and symbiont acquisition, microarray analysis was carried out through the period of early development - when skeletogenesis is initiated, and symbionts are first acquired.. Results: Of 5081 unique peptide coding genes, 1084 were differentially expressed (P ≤ 0.05) in comparisons between four different stages of coral development, spanning key developmental transitions. Genes of likely relevance to the processes of settlement, metamorphosis, calcification and interaction with symbionts were characterised further and their spatial expression patterns investigated using ...
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/6030/
Mills abstractsMills abstracts
See Acta Errata.. Mills, C.E. and M.F. Strathmann, 1987. Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa. pp. 44-71 In Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates of the Northern Pacific Coast (M.F. Strathmann, ed.) University of Washington Press, Seattle and London.. This chapter includes a general summary of reproduction and development in marine Hydrozoa, followed by specific practical information on the use of material found along the northern Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada. Topics covered include identification, collection and maintenance, collecting newly released medusae, collecting gametes, insemination, culture set-ups, isolation or fusion of embryo parts, vital staining, dissociation and reaggregation of blastomeres, and centrifugation of eggs. This section is followed by specific information on selected local species including 17 Anthomedusae or athecate hydroids, 14 Leptomedusae or thecate hydroids, 2 species of Limnomedusae, one (Trachyline) Narcomedusa, one stylasterine ...
http://faculty.washington.edu/cemills/MillsAbstracts.html
BMP and Delta/Notch signaling control the development of amphioxus epidermal sensory neurons: insights into the evolution of...BMP and Delta/Notch signaling control the development of amphioxus epidermal sensory neurons: insights into the evolution of...
The evolution of the nervous system in metazoan animals has been a topic of great interest. It is thought that the first nerve cell (neuron) evolved in a common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians, because neuronal cell types are absent in their sister group, the sponges (Galliot et al., 2009). Although putative sensory cells do exist in the sponge, these cells do not form synapses and do not possess dendrites and axons (Richards et al., 2008). Although cnidarians typically have a diffuse nerve net, some regionalization patterns of neurons and their neurites have been identified in several types of cnidarians (Galliot et al., 2009; Watanabe et al., 2009). It is possible that these cnidarian nerve rings might represent a primitive organized nervous system. After the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians, a centralized nervous system evolved in the bilaterian lineage (Arendt et al., 2008; Holland, 2003). The evolutionary origin of the central nervous system (CNS) in bilaterian animals has ...
http://dev.biologists.org/content/139/11/2020
Development of macrociliary cells in Beroe. II. Formation of macrocilia | Journal of Cell ScienceDevelopment of macrociliary cells in Beroe. II. Formation of macrocilia | Journal of Cell Science
Two patterns of macrociliary growth occur in Beroe. Early differentiation described previously (Tamm & Tamm, 1988) leads to the first pattern of ciliogenesis. A tuft of 10-20 single cilia initially grows out from basal bodies that have migrated to the cell surface and are axially aligned. Ciliary membranes then begin to fuse along their length, except at the base, resulting in thicker groups of cilia on each cell. Progressive fusion of ciliary membranes, together with addition and elongation of new axonemes, finally results in mature macrocilia, 5 microns thick and 40 microns long, enclosed by a single membrane distally. The second pattern of ciliogenesis begins with the simultaneous appearance of several hundred ciliary buds on the apical surface. The short cilia possess individual membranes with bulbous tips, and are not axially aligned. Subsequent elongation is accompanied by progressive fusion of neighbouring ciliary membranes, except at the base, leading to flat-topped stumps surrounded ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/89/1/81
hydroid | Definition of hydroid in English by Oxford Dictionarieshydroid | Definition of hydroid in English by Oxford Dictionaries
Definition of hydroid - a coelenterate of an order which includes the hydras. They are distinguished by the dominance of the polyp phase.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/hydroid
Unexpected diversity of cnidarian integrins: expression during coral gastrulation - ResearchOnline@JCUUnexpected diversity of cnidarian integrins: expression during coral gastrulation - [email protected]
Background: Adhesion mediated through the integrin family of cell surface receptors is central to early development throughout the Metazoa, playing key roles in cell-extra cellular matrix adhesion and modulation of cadherin activity during the convergence and extension movements of gastrulation. It has been suggested that Caenorhabditis elegans, which has a single β and two α integrins, might reflect the ancestral integrin complement. Investigation of the integrin repertoire of anthozoan cnidarians such as the coral Acropora millepora is required to test this hypothesis and may provide insights into the original roles of these molecules.. Results: Two novel integrins were identified in Acropora. AmItgα1 shows features characteristic of α integrins lacking an I-domain, but phylogenetic analysis gives no clear indication of its likely binding specificity. AmItgβ2 lacks consensus cysteine residues at positions 8 and 9, but is otherwise a typical β integrin. In situ hybridization revealed that ...
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/6029/
How does the nervous system create behavior? Muscle activity map in Hydra gives insight - BIOENGINEER.ORGHow does the nervous system create behavior? Muscle activity map in Hydra gives insight - BIOENGINEER.ORG
Hydra are freshwater organisms, only a few millimeters in length, and belong to the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes jellyfish and coral. Cnidarians split from their bilateral counterparts roughly 750 million years ago and maintain a much simpler body plan and nervous system than many of todays model organisms.. Their tubular bodies are comprised of two layers of muscle, each composed of a different cell type and separated by two nerve nets. The muscle cells generate movement by exerting force on protein fibers, which run longitudinally (from the mouth to the base of the tube foot) in one muscle layer, and circumferentially (around the horizontal axis) in the other layer. When the longitudinal fibers are pulled, the body column gets short and fat; when the circumferential ones are pulled, it gets long and skinny. Given that the muscle fibers run perpendicular to one another, it was long thought that they held opposing roles, and that both layers of muscle cells could not be activated and ...
https://bioengineer.org/how-does-the-nervous-system-create-behavior-muscle-activity-map-in-hydra-gives-insight/
UniProt/TrEMBL: A7S545 NEMVE
ID A7S545_NEMVE Unreviewed; 564 AA. AC A7S545; DT 02-OCT-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 02-OCT-2007, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 72. DE SubName: Full=Predicted protein {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO41140.1}; GN ORFNames=v1g206949 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO41140.1}; OS Nematostella vectensis (Starlet sea anemone). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia; Actiniaria; OC Edwardsiidae; Nematostella. OX NCBI_TaxID=45351 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO41140.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=CH2 X CH6 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RX PubMed=17615350; DOI=10.1126/science.1139158; RA Putnam N.H., Srivastava M., Hellsten U., Dirks B., Chapman J., RA Salamov A., Terry A., Shapiro H., Lindquist E., Kapitonov V.V., RA Jurka J., Genikhovich G., Grigoriev I.V., Lucas S.M., Steele R.E., RA Finnerty J.R., Technau U., Martindale M.Q., Rokhsar D.S.; RT Sea anemone genome ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?tr:A7S545_NEMVE
Species Diversity of Shallow Water Zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in FloridaSpecies Diversity of Shallow Water Zoanthids (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) in Florida
Journal of Marine Biology is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of marine biology.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jmb/2012/856079/
Soutenance de these de Antonella Ruggiero - ACTUALITES - Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche sur MerSoutenance de these de Antonella Ruggiero - ACTUALITES - Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche sur Mer
24 Nov., à 14h en salle TB : " Impact of Wnt signalling on multipotent stem cell dynamics during Clytia hemisphaerica embryonic and larval development"Composition du jury : Agnes Audibert Pr. - Présidente du Jury ; Dr. Fabian Rentzsch - Rapporteur ;
http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/web/index.php/actu-iframe-lbdv/entry/soutenance-de-these-de-antonella-ruggiero
Cornelis (Cok) Grimmelikhuijzen - Publication listCornelis (Cok) Grimmelikhuijzen - Publication list
My research interests are the molecular neurobiology, molecular endocrinology, and the functional and comparative genomics of invertebrates. As model systems I use two animal groups, namely cnidarians and insects.. I have chosen cnidarians, because they are the lowest animal group (phylum) with a nervous system, and because they are simple and can be used as model systems, e.g., by developmental biologists. Furthermore, cnidarians occupy a very basal position in the phylogenetic tree of animals (before the split of protostomes and deuterostomes). Cnidarians, therefore, are crucial for our understanding of the evolution of body plans and nervous systems. In cnidarians, we investigate the structure of neuropeptides, neuropeptide biosynthesis, neuropeptide receptors, and neuropeptide actions. This molecular and cellular work is basic for our understanding of the functioning of present-day cnidarians, but it also gives us insights in the evolution of the first nervous (and endocrine) ...
https://www1.bio.ku.dk/english/research/mbs/publications/list/?pure=en%2Fpersons%2Fcornelis-cok-grimmelikhuijzen
UniProt: A7SJF6 NEMVE
ID A7SJF6_NEMVE Unreviewed; 259 AA. AC A7SJF6; DT 02-OCT-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 02-OCT-2007, sequence version 1. DT 07-JUN-2017, entry version 52. DE SubName: Full=Predicted protein {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO36153.1}; DE Flags: Fragment; GN ORFNames=v1g120521 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO36153.1}; OS Nematostella vectensis (Starlet sea anemone). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia; Actiniaria; OC Edwardsiidae; Nematostella. OX NCBI_TaxID=45351 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EDO36153.1, ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=CH2 X CH6 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000001593}; RX PubMed=17615350; DOI=10.1126/science.1139158; RA Putnam N.H., Srivastava M., Hellsten U., Dirks B., Chapman J., RA Salamov A., Terry A., Shapiro H., Lindquist E., Kapitonov V.V., RA Jurka J., Genikhovich G., Grigoriev I.V., Lucas S.M., Steele R.E., RA Finnerty J.R., Technau U., Martindale M.Q., Rokhsar D.S.; RT ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?uniprot:A7SJF6_NEMVE
phacellophora camtschatica pronunciation
Phacellophora camtschatica, known as the fried egg jellyfish or egg-yolk jellyfish, is a very large jellyfish, with a bell up to 60 cm (2 ft) in diameter and sixteen clusters of up to a few dozen tentacles, each up to 6 meters (20 ft) long. However, the life cycle of P. camtschatica has not been formally described. The species they reported were Phacellophora camtschatica, Cyanea capillata, Aurelia labiata and Aequorea victoria. Atolla wyvillei, Stomolophus meleagris, Desmonema comatum and Tamoya haplonema were reported just a few times and Detailed tissue-specific study is needed to define the significance of these differences to interpreting trophic linkages for jellies. Photo: 2016 MBARI A female Haliphron atlanticus octopus holding a Phacellophora camtschatica (egg-yolk jellyfish) in her arms. The fried egg jelly and all other members of the phylum Cnidaria are diploblastic. During June 2000, Phacellophora camtschatica was only encountered at one station and was therefore not a dominant ...
https://lallumdelnord.cat/hizou/phacellophora-camtschatica-pronunciation-284a0c
New records of the genera Leptogorgia, Pacifigorgia and Eugorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Ecuador, with a...New records of the genera Leptogorgia, Pacifigorgia and Eugorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Ecuador, with a...
New records of the genera Leptogorgia, Pacifigorgia and Eugorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Ecuador, with a description of a new species
http://scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es/index.php/scientiamarina/article/view/1647/2110
Conservation of ParaHox genes function in patterning of the digestive tract of the marine gastropod Gibbula varia | BMC...Conservation of ParaHox genes function in patterning of the digestive tract of the marine gastropod Gibbula varia | BMC...
Presence of all three ParaHox genes has been described in deuterostomes and lophotrochozoans, but to date one of these three genes, Xlox has not been reported from any ecdysozoan taxa and both Xlox and Gsx are absent in nematodes. There is evidence that the ParaHox genes were ancestrally a single chromosomal cluster. Colinear expression of the ParaHox genes in anterior, middle, and posterior tissues of several species studied so far suggest that these genes may be responsible for axial patterning of the digestive tract. So far, there are no data on expression of these genes in molluscs. We isolated the complete coding sequences of the three Gibbula varia ParaHox genes, and then tested their expression in larval and postlarval development. In Gibbula varia, the ParaHox genes participate in patterning of the digestive tract and are expressed in some cells of the neuroectoderm. The expression of these genes coincides with the gradual formation of the gut in the larva. Gva-Gsx patterns potential neural
https://bmcdevbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-213X-10-74
Discosoma sp. 15Discosoma sp. 15
Discosoma sp. 15is commonly referred to as Mushroom. Difficulty in the aquarium: Bardzo łatwy. A aquarium size of at least 50 Liter is recommended.
https://pl.reeflex.net/tiere/1047_Discosoma_sp_15.htm
Cnidarians - CTValley Bio
Explore the underwater world of the Cnidarians, an ancient yet successful group of animals that includes colorful corals, strange sea anemones, and elegant jellyfish. Detailed …
https://www.connecticutvalleybiological.com/invertebrates/cnidarians.html
Reproductive biology of Parazoanthus axinellae (Schmidt, 1862) and Savalia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) (Cnidaria, Zoantharia)...Reproductive biology of Parazoanthus axinellae (Schmidt, 1862) and Savalia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) (Cnidaria, Zoantharia)...
Despite the wide distribution of zoanthids, little is known about their pattern of reproduction. Here we investigate the reproductive biology of two Mediterranean species, the common Parazoanthus axinellae (Schmidt) and the rare Savalia savaglia (Bertoloni). For both species, samples were collected during an annual cycle, from January to December 2005, in the Western Mediterranean (Ligurian Sea, Italy). Both species are gonochoric. In P. axinellae the sex-ratio (n colonies = 30) showed a slight predominance of male colonies (M/F = 1.35), whereas in the population of S. savaglia (n colonies = 15) a predominance of females was found (M/F = 0.3). In P. axinellae the first gametocytes were visible in March, whereas in S. savaglia they became visible in May. Both species reproduce at the end of autumn when seawater temperature begins to decrease. Parazoanthus axinellae (10 m depth) spawns eggs and sperms in November, whereas S. savaglia (67 m depth) spawns in December. In P. axinellae sexes were ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00390.x/full
Operculum (animal)Operculum (animal)
Ruppert, E.E.; Fox, R.S. & Barnes, R.D. (2004). "Cnidaria". Invertebrate Zoology (7th ed.). Brooks / Cole. pp. 112-124. ISBN 0- ... ISBN 0-03-025982-7. Hinde, R.T. (1998). "The Cnidaria and Ctenophora". In Anderson, D.T. (ed.). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operculum_(animal)
Gastrovascular cavityGastrovascular cavity
Slobodkin, Lawrence; Bossert, Patricia (2010). "Cnidaria". In Thorp, James H.; Covich, Alan P. (eds.). Ecology and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrovascular_cavity
Hydramacin-1Hydramacin-1
"Cnidaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 23 January 2009. "Hydramacin-1 (2K35)". Protein Data Bank. ... Like other members of the Phylum Cnidaria, Hydra possesses specialized defensive epithelial cells called cnidocytes that shoot ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydramacin-1
RhopaliumRhopalium
Sensory input from rhopalia are not only crucial for Cnidaria to sense light and spatial orientation, but help to gauge and ... "Cnidaria". The Tree of Life. (Cnidarian anatomy, Articles containing video clips). ... Cnidaria, Scyphozoa)". Development Genes and Evolution. 219 (6): 301-317. doi:10.1007/s00427-009-0291-y. ISSN 0949-944X. PMC ... which have the most elaborate nervous systems within Cnidaria, specifically concerning their visual capacities. Nerve net ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhopalium
Bassia bassensisBassia bassensis
"Cnidaria". biosurvey.ou.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-24. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Bassia bassensis (Quoy & Gaimard ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassia_bassensis
EdwardsiaEdwardsia
Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; Edwardsiidae) from Japan". Zootaxa. 4661 (3): 533-544. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.7. v t e ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwardsia
Chironex fleckeriChironex fleckeri
Lewis, C.; Bentlage, B. (2009). "Clarifying the identity of the Japanese Habu-kurage, Chironex yamaguchii, sp nov (Cnidaria: ... Gershwin, Lisa-ann; Dawes, Peter (August 2008). "Preliminary Observations on the Response of Chironex fleckeri (Cnidaria: ... Daubert, G. P. (2008). Cnidaria Envenomation. eMedicine. Carwardine, Mark; England), Natural History Museum (London (2008). ... Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Netherlands. pp. 181-188. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_25. Northern ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chironex_fleckeri
NarcomedusaeNarcomedusae
Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 69 (4): 785-794. doi:10.1017/ ... Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Marine Biology 141, 1099-1107 (2002). https://rdcu.be/cJjXC. Retrieved 3 March 2022 Larson, Ronald J.; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcomedusae
Box jellyfishBox jellyfish
Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida)". Plankton Benthos Res. 12 (2): 129-138. doi:10.3800/pbr.12.129. Gershwin L (2009). "Staurozoa, ... nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from South Africa" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2088: 41-50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2088.1.5. ... Gershwin, L. A.; Alderslade, P (2006). "Chiropsella bart n. sp., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida) from the ... Werner, B. (1973). "New investigations on systematics and evolution of the class Scyphozoa and the phylum Cnidaria" (PDF). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_jellyfish
ParaphylyParaphyly
Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004). "7 CNIDARIA". Invertebrate zoology: a functional evolutionary ... 2015). "Phylogenomic analyses support traditional relationships within Cnidaria". PLOS ONE. 10 (10): e0139068. Bibcode: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphyly
Carybdea marsupialisCarybdea marsupialis
Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida)". Plankton Benthos Res. 12 (2): 129-138. doi:10.3800/pbr.12.129. Bordehore, C.; S. Nogué; J.-M. ... Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 331. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8. (CS1 French- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carybdea_marsupialis
Bougainvillia aberransBougainvillia aberrans
Cnidaria have a centered mouth surrounded by tentacles. Also, they are carnivorous. In terms of reproduction, gametes were ... Hydroid is part of the Cnidaria phylum. So, B. aberrans are radial symmetry, that they have cnidae that are unique sting ... Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata). Marine Ecology, 34, 113-122. doi: 10.1111/maec.12030 Calder, D. R. (1998). Hydroid ... Calder, D. R. (1993). Bougainvillia aberrans (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), a new species of hydroid and medusa from the upper bathyal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bougainvillia_aberrans
Le Règne AnimalLe Règne Animal
Polypes (Cnidaria): 1. Nus, 2. À polypiers. Infusoires (Infusoria, various protistan phyla): 1. Rotifères (Rotifers), 2. ... Zoophytes, called Radiata in English translations; now Cnidaria and other phyla) Échinodermes (Echinoderms): 1. Pédicellés, 2. ... cnidaria and other phyla). The work appeared in four octavo volumes in December 1816 (although it has "1817" on the title pages ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Règne_Animal
Dorothy HillDorothy Hill
Fossil Cnidaria, 10 (2), 16-30. Hill, D., 1984. The Great Barrier Reef Committee, 1922-1982: The first thirty years. Historical ... Fossil Cnidaria, 9(2), 27-38. Hill, D., 1981. Rugosa and Tabulata. In: Teichert, C. (ed.), Treatise on invertebrate ... Cnidaria - general features. In : Treatise on invertebrate palaeontology. Part F, Coelenterata, Moore, R.C. (ed.), Geological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hill
AlatinaAlatina
Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida). Plankton and Benthos Research. 2017, Vol.12, No.2, p.129. Gershwin, L. 2005. Carybdea alata ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alatina
Cannonball jellyfishCannonball jellyfish
Such complications are associated also with toxins of other cnidaria. The toxin is also harmful to the eyes; contact with a ... Fautin, Daphne Gail (2002). "Reproduction of Cnidaria". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (10): 1735-1754. doi:10.1139/z02-133. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonball_jellyfish
Chironex yamaguchiiChironex yamaguchii
Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2030: 59-65. ISSN 1175-5334. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chironex_yamaguchii
Diplulmaris antarcticaDiplulmaris antarctica
"eScholarship: Cnidaria - Scyphozoa: jellyfish". Repositories.cdlib.org. 1998-04-01. Retrieved 2010-07-30. Larson R. J. & ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplulmaris_antarctica
ChironexChironex
Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2030: 59-65. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2030.1.5. ISSN 1175-5326. Fenner, P. J. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chironex
SpongeSponge
ISBN 978-0-19-551368-4. Hinde RT (1998). "The Cnidaria and Ctenophora". In Anderson DT (ed.). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford ... "Placozoans are eumetazoans related to Cnidaria". bioRxiv 10.1101/200972. "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge
Cyanea fulvaCyanea fulva
"PHYLUM CNIDARIA: CLASS SCYPHOZOA". comm.archive.mbl.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-12. The Classification and Distribution of the Class ... Calder, Dale R. (1977). "Nematocysts of the Ephyra Stages of Aurelia, Chrysaora, Cyanea, and Rhopilema (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa)". ... M., Hotke, Kathryn (September 2015). DNA Barcode Variability in Canadian Cnidaria (Master's thesis). University of Guelph. hdl: ... ISBN 978-94-011-3240-4. Gershwin, Lisa-Ann (2001). "Systematics and Biogeography of the Jellyfish Aurelia labiata (Cnidaria: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanea_fulva
CtenophoraCtenophora
Ctenophores have been purported to be the sister lineage to the Bilateria, sister to the Cnidaria, sister to Cnidaria, Placozoa ... Hinde, R. T. (1998). "The Cnidaria and Ctenophor". In Anderson, D. T. (ed.). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford University Press. pp ... some cnidaria-eating nudibranchs similarly incorporate nematocytes into their bodies for defense. The tentilla of Euplokamis ... that ctenophores are either sister to Cnidaria, Placozoa, and Bilateria or sister to all other animal phyla. Several more ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenophora
Chironex indrasaksajiaeChironex indrasaksajiae
nov.(Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida): a new species of box jellyfish from the Gulf of Thailand" (PDF). Phuket Mar Biol Cent ... Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida)". doi:10.5281/ZENODO.186248. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) (CS1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chironex_indrasaksajiae
HydroidolinaHydroidolina
"Phylum Cnidaria - Biology 2e". opentextbc.ca. Retrieved 2022-04-26. Nagale P, Apte D (2014). "Intertidal hydroids (Cnidaria: ... The phylum Cnidaria contains two clades: Anthozoa and Medusozoa. There are around 3800 species within the clade Medusozoa and ... Rees WJ (April 1967). "A brief survey of the symbiotic associations of Cnidaria with Mollusca". Journal of Molluscan Studies. ... Mendoza-Becerril MD (2016). Padrões de diversificação de Bougainvilliidae no contexto evolutivo de Medusozoa (Cnidaria) (Ph.D. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroidolina
Chiropsella bronzieChiropsella bronzie
Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from Madagascar". Marine Biodiversity Records. 6: e118. doi:10.1017/S1755267213000924. ISSN 1755-2672. ... Gershwin, Lisa-ann (2006-06-12). "Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the ... Coates, M. M. (2003-08-01). "Visual Ecology and Functional Morphology of Cubozoa (Cnidaria)". Integrative and Comparative ... Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida) from Japanese Waters". ZooKeys (503): 1-21. doi:10.3897/zookeys.503.9047. ISSN 1313-2989. PMC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiropsella_bronzie
John W. WellsJohn W. Wells
Fossil Cnidaria, 15 (1.1). (Additions and corrections: 1987, v. 16, no. 1, p. 49-53). 15 July 1907: born Philadelphia, ... Hill, D., and Wells, J.W. (1956) Cnidaria-general features. Section F5, Coelenterata. In: Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on ... and the International Association for the Study of Fossil Cnidaria. He was made a member of the National Academy of Sciences in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Wells
CydippidaCydippida
ISBN 0-03-025982-7. Hinde, R. T. (1998). "The Cnidaria and Ctenophora". In Anderson, D. T. (ed.). Invertebrate Zoology. Oxford ... some cnidaria-eating nudibranchs similarly incorporate cnidocytes into their bodies for defense. The tentilla of Euplokamis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cydippida
FlatwormFlatworm
ISBN 978-0-19-551368-4. Hinde, R.T. (2001). "The Cnidaria and Ctenophora". In Anderson, D.T. (ed.). Invertebrate Zoology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatworm
History of lifeHistory of life
Hinde, Rosalind T. (2001). "The Cnidaria and Ctenophora". In Anderson, D. T (ed.). Invertebrate Zoology (2nd ed.). Melbourne; ... but are now thought to be heavily modified members of the Cnidaria. Jímenez-Guri, Eva; Philippe, Hervé; Okamura, Beth; et al. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_life
Allaru FormationAllaru Formation
John S. Jell; Alex G. Cook; Peter A. Jell (2010). "Australian Cretaceous Cnidaria and Porifera". Alcheringa: An Australasian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allaru_Formation
Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examinedSinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined
... Dataset homepage. Citation. Ofwegen L P V, ... Benayahu Y, McFadden C S, pensoft (2013). Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined. Plazi. ... Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined. ZooKeys 272: 29-59, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.272.4406, URL: http://dx.doi. ...
https://www.gbif.org/dataset/eed81610-d62a-415b-8def-20a7d76fbfd4
Cnidaria Halitus - Land Art GeneratorCnidaria Halitus - Land Art Generator
Cnidaria Halitus begins its water generation process by collecting and filtering water from the ocean through a centralized ... Cnidaria Halitus provides a visible solution to the problem of water scarcity, creating awareness while providing carbon free ... Expressing the mystery and beauty of ocean life, Cnidaria Halitus harnesses the natural forces of the sun and the tides to ... Cnidaria Halitus a submission to the 2016 Land Art Generator Initiative design competition for Santa Monica ...
https://landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/5420
Cnidaria - WikipediaCnidaria - Wikipedia
Cnidaria is a phylum containin mair nor 10,000[5] species o ainimals fand anely in aquatic an maistly marine environments, ... "The Taxonomicon - Taxon: Phylum Cnidaria". Universal Taxonomic Services. Archived frae the original on 29 September 2007. ... "Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: Cnidaria". Development (in Inglis). 138 (8): 1447-1458. doi:10.1242/dev. ... Taen frae "https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cnidaria&oldid=840961" ...
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnidaria
Improved phylogenetic resolution within Siphonophora (Cnidaria) with implications for trait evolution - MBARIImproved phylogenetic resolution within Siphonophora (Cnidaria) with implications for trait evolution - MBARI
Improved phylogenetic resolution within Siphonophora (Cnidaria) with implications for trait evolution. Share this entry. *Share ...
https://www.mbari.org/bibliography/improved-phylogenetic-resolution-within-siphonophora-cnidaria-with-implications-for-trait-evolution/
Antarctica / Animalia / Cnidaria / Anthozoa / Hormathia lacunifera
2010 Antarctica Anthozoa Ascidiacea Cnidaria Country Hormathia lacunifera marine NIKON D300 underwater ...
http://www.guiamarina.com/gallery/index.php?/category/3152
Phylogenetic placement of Hydra and relationships within Aplanulata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)Phylogenetic placement of Hydra and relationships within Aplanulata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
Cnidaria: Hydrozoa),/a,." ,em,Molecular phylogenetics and evolution,/em,. 67 (1):60–71. ,a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/ ...
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/21599?show=full
Coral-List] Update on Cnidaria/Symbiodinium EST databases
... Shini Sunagawa biochemistry at gmx.de Fri Oct 16 13:59:54 EDT 2009 * ... aiptasia.cs.vassar.edu/AiptasiaBase/index.php We hope these data will be useful for the growing cnidaria/Symbiodinium genomics ...
https://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pipermail/coral-list/2009-October/007531.html
MZGdb Atlas Cnidaria (Norwegian-Sea)MZGdb Atlas Cnidaria (Norwegian-Sea)
Cnidaria of the Norwegian-Sea. There are 52 species of Cnidaria that are commonly found in the Norwegian-Sea.. Information on ... Cnidaria of the Norwegian-Sea. Taxa Name. Taxa. Level. Barcode. Data?. Number of. Barcodes. from. any ocean. Number of. ...
https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/copepod/collaboration/wgimt/atlas/html-src/short__T4000200__i2214.html
Cnidaria : Diferéncia entre versions - WikipèdiaCnidaria : Diferéncia entre versions - Wikipèdia
Cnidaria (modificar) Version del 2 genièr de 2007 a 21.48 17 octets aponduts , fa 15 anys ...
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especial:MobileDiff/97373
PDF] Correction: Evolutionary Diversification of Banded Tube-Dwelling Anemones (Cnidaria; Ceriantharia; Isarachnanthus) in the...PDF] Correction: Evolutionary Diversification of Banded Tube-Dwelling Anemones (Cnidaria; Ceriantharia; Isarachnanthus) in the...
Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria).. *M. Daly, L. Gusmão, A. Reft ... Systematic relationships within the Anthozoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) using the 5-end of the 28S rDNA.. *C. A. Chen, D. Odorico, M ... Phylogenetic relationships within the class Anthozoa (phylum Cnidaria) based on nuclear 18S rDNA sequences.. *E. Berntson, S. ... Molecular Evidence for Cryptic Species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). *M. Dawson, D. Jacobs ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Correction%3A-Evolutionary-Diversification-of-Banded-Stampar-Maronna/07f20022ec3e71d6f213381efd12d5fe9a456e06?p2df
Flashcards - Bio 2.2 CnidariaFlashcards - Bio 2.2 Cnidaria
A new species, *Adamsia obvolva* (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria), from the Gulf of Mexico, and a discussion of the taxonomy of...A new species, *Adamsia obvolva* (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria), from the Gulf of Mexico, and a discussion of the taxonomy of...
A new species, *Adamsia obvolva* (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria), from the Gulf of Mexico, and a discussion of the taxonomy of ... A new species, *Adamsia obvolva* (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria), from the Gulf of Mexico, and a discussion of the taxonomy of ...
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/5908
Ocurrence of the sea anemone |i|Telmatactis panamensis|/i| (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco...Ocurrence of the sea anemone |i|Telmatactis panamensis|/i| (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco...
Shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) and tube anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) of the ... In: R.B. Williams, P.F.S. Cornelius, R.G. Hughes & E.A. Robson (Eds.). Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and ... Ocurrence of the sea anemone <i>Telmatactis panamensis</i> (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla ... Ocurrence of the sea anemone ,i,Telmatactis panamensis,/i, (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco ...
https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/28362
Cyphastrea kausti sp. n. (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia), a new species of reef coral from the Red SeaCyphastrea kausti sp. n. (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia), a new species of reef coral from the Red Sea
A new scleractinian coral species, Cyphastrea kausti sp. n., is described from 13 specimens from the Red Sea. It is characterised by the presence of eight primary septa, unlike the other species of the genus, which have six, ten or 12 primary septa. The new species has morphological affinities with Cyphastrea microphthalma, from which it can be distinguished by the lower number of septa (on average eight instead of ten), and smaller calices and corallites. This species was observed in the northern and central Red Sea and appears to be absent from the southern Red Sea.
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5097/
cnidaria - opalescentcnidaria - opalescent
Posts about cnidaria written by Laura
https://opalescent.ca/tag/cnidaria/
Definition >...Definition >...
Cnidarians are animals unique to the aquatic and marine environment, characterised by the presence of cells capable of injecting more or less powerful venom upon contact. They have a free-form...
http://www.futura-sciences.us/dico/d/zoology-cnidaria-50000488/
Phylum cnidaria pdf
Anthozoans are the largest group of Cnidaria, with about 6000 living species worldwide. All are marine, and ... tion of the class Scyphozoa and the phylum Cnidaria.. were described. The phylum cnidaria (corals, sea pens, sea anemones, ... or click on a page 18 Feb 2016 4.3 Phylum Cnidaria. Difficulty They belong to the phylum Cnidaria. http:// www.mbari.org/staff/ ... For phylum Cnidaria, the common method of species reproduction is alternation of generations. Uniquely belonging to a few plant ...
https://torrent99iuwas.web.app/phylum-cnidaria-pdf-909.html
Cnidaria | Zoantharia | Epizoanthus fiordicusCnidaria | Zoantharia | Epizoanthus fiordicus
Underwater photo guide of marine life from Chilean Patagonia. Nature Transcends.
https://www.thomasheran.com/epizoanthus-fiordicus
Annnnnnnnnnnnd the NCAAB GDT - The Something Awful ForumsAnnnnnnnnnnnnd the NCAAB GDT - The Something Awful Forums
Cnidario. Mar 22, 2013. Oof. A&M basketball this year suuuuuuuucks. # ? Jan 20, 2019 00:08 *Profile ...
https://forums.somethingawful.com/showthread.php?noseen=0&threadid=3873604&pagenumber=8&perpage=40#post491805944
Cnidaria, Eastern Pacific - Merry Passage
Cnidaria Archives - Jim Patterson PhotographyCnidaria Archives - Jim Patterson Photography
These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features.. Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refusing them will have impact how our site functions. You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on this website. But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site.. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain.. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. You can check these in your browser security settings.. ...
https://jimpattersonphotography.com/ngg_tag/cnidaria/
Phylum Cnidaria - Hierarchy - The Taxonomicon
Taxonomic hierarchy of Phylum Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888. Display of synonyms, alternative taxonomic positions, references, number ... Phylum Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888 - cnidarians 1 Anthozoa Ehrenberg, 1831 2 Class Cubozoa Werner, 1975 - box jellies 3 Class ...
http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?src=3216&id=11551
Siphonophorae-Global Diversity (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)Siphonophorae-Global Diversity (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
This PDF is in Subscription mode, Full Text is not yet created in the database. ...
https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/siphonophoraeglobal-diversity-cnidaria-hydrozoa-Io82.pdf
Cnidaria Utility Tips | ARK: Survival EvolvedCnidaria Utility Tips | ARK: Survival Evolved
What is a cnidaria used for? cnidaria battling strategies in ARK: Survival Evolved. ... All Cnidaria Tips. Switch language: English, العَرَبِيَّة, Čeština, Dansk, Deutsch, Ελληνικά, Español (España), Suomi, Français ...
https://www.dododex.com/tips/cnidaria/utility
Identifying characters of Cnidaria - Biology LearnerIdentifying characters of Cnidaria - Biology Learner
Phylum Cnidaria is the group of multicellular animals belonging to the sub-kingdom of Enterozao. According to tissue ...
https://biologylearner.com/tag/identifying-characters-of-cnidaria/
Cnidaria - Jellies, Sea Anemone etc - ArmanWerthPhotography
Beautiful jelly fish seen at the Newport Aquarium Print size 5 x 7 $14.00 USD 8 x 10 $20.00 USD 8 x 12 $20.00 USD 11 x 14 $28.00 USD 12 x 18 $35.00 USD 16 x 20 $50.00 USD ...
https://www.armanwerthphotography.com/Animals/Cnidaria-Jellies-Sea-Anemone/i-X4mhgtW/
Dino Dossier: CnidariaDino Dossier: Cnidaria
Wild: Cnidaria omnimorph is another example of a creature which should not exist. It has traits that seem to come from many ... Domesticated: As Cnidaria is barely more intelligent than a plant, theres no effective method to tame one. though dangerous as ... Known Information: Cnidaria is not generally an aggressive creature, because it lacks normal perceptive senses. it generally ... One thought on "Dino Dossier: Cnidaria" * Pingback: List of all unreleased Creatures in ARK - ARK: Survival Evolved ...
https://www.ark-survival.net/en/2015/10/01/dino-dossier-cnidaria/
Cnidarios - BrainPOP EspañolCnidarios - BrainPOP Español
¡Evita sus picaduras! Sumérgete en el océano y aprende sobre estos ondulantes invertebrados marinos, incluyendo medusas, corales e hidras.
https://esp.brainpop.com/ciencia/la_diversidad_de_la_vida/cnidarios/
Acan Lord, Acanthastrea lordhowensis, The Lord, Acan Lord Howe Brain Coral Information and Coral PicturesAcan Lord, Acanthastrea lordhowensis, 'The Lord', Acan Lord Howe Brain Coral Information and Coral Pictures
Acan Lord Acanthastrea lordhowensis at Animal-World includes The Lord pinapple brain coral Information, live coral care and coral pictures
https://animal-world.com/Aquarium-Coral-Reefs/Acan-Lord
View of The snowflake soft coral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in Costa Rica | UNED Research Journal View of The snowflake soft coral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in Costa Rica | UNED Research Journal
Return to Article Details The snowflake soft coral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in Costa Rica ...
https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/4213/5625
AnthozoaAnemonesJellyfishScyphozoaSpeciesBelong to the phylumCoelenterataOctocoralliaSubphylumCtenophoraPolypPhylogeneticSurvival EvolvedInvertebrateHydraCosta RicaBiologyMolecularKingdomOceanFreeClassesNaturalCollection
Anthozoa6
  • Systematic relationships within the Anthozoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) using the 5'-end of the 28S rDNA. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Phylogenetic relationships within the class Anthozoa (phylum Cnidaria) based on nuclear 18S rDNA sequences. (semanticscholar.org)
  • 2004. A new species, *Adamsia obvolva* (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria), from the Gulf of Mexico, and a discussion of the taxonomy of carcinoecium-forming sea anemones. (ku.edu)
  • 2012. Ocurrence of the sea anemone Telmatactis panamensis (verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • 2007. Shallow-water sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) and tube anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Ceriantharia) of the Galápagos Islands. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • In scientific classification, corals fall under the phylum Cnidaria and the class Anthozoa . (noaa.gov)
Anemones4
  • Phylogenetic signal in mitochondrial and nuclear markers in sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria). (semanticscholar.org)
  • Nematocysts of sea anemones (Actiniaria, Ceriantharia and Corallimorpharia: Cnidaria): nomenclature, Pp. 691-697. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • Just like the multiheaded monster in Greek A diverse phylum of aquatic invertebrate animals, including jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, and c… Class-level relationships in the phylum Cnidaria: evidence from mitochondrial Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (887K), or click on a page 18 Feb 2016 4.3 Phylum Cnidaria. (web.app)
  • The phylum cnidaria (corals, sea pens, sea anemones, jellyfish and hydroids) Full-Text [PDF 518 kb] (2984 Downloads). (web.app)
Jellyfish1
  • The class Scyphozoa can be found in the phylum of Cnidaria, the phylum of the "stinging" creatures, such as jellyfish. (tolweb.org)
Scyphozoa1
  • tion of the class Scyphozoa and the phylum Cnidaria. (web.app)
Species5
  • Cnidaria is a phylum containin mair nor 10,000 [5] species o ainimals fand anely in aquatic an maistly marine environments, exceptin for hydras an some speices o loch-livers . (wikipedia.org)
  • For phylum Cnidaria, the common method of species reproduction is alternation of generations. (web.app)
  • Anthozoans are the largest group of Cnidaria, with about 6000 living species worldwide. (web.app)
  • Various species of Cnidaria larvae in other waters can likely produce similar eruptions. (medscape.com)
  • A new species of Myxidium (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Myxidiidae) from the gallbladder of pickerels, Esox spp. (bvsalud.org)
Belong to the phylum1
  • Difficulty They belong to the phylum Cnidaria. (web.app)
Coelenterata1
  • In general corals are members of the phylum Cnidaria also known as the Coelenterata that have a dominant polyp life stage. (salmonography.com)
Octocorallia1
  • This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ofwegen, Leen P. van, Benayahu, Yehuda, McFadden, Catherine S. (2013): Sinularia leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined. (gbif.org)
Subphylum1
  • ellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of the subphylum Medusozoa, a major part of the phylum Cnidaria. (gifcen.com)
Ctenophora2
  • Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • Each individual At the base of the animal phyla, Cnidaria and Ctenophora exhibit primary body axis with terminal Here, we show the existence of three new Hox-like genes specific to phylum Cnidaria. (web.app)
Polyp2
  • The freshwater polyp Hydra, a mem- ber of the ancient phylum Cnidaria, is famous for its regenerative capac- ity. (web.app)
  • Sequence resource development was shared with an Evo-Devo group (M. Manuel and colleagues) seeking a medusa-bearing model from the Cnidaria, The evolutionary interest of the medusa lies in many complex features including striated muscle and sense organs that are absent in the polyp and thus from the main cnidarian molecular models ( Nematostella , Hydra ). (obs-vlfr.fr)
Phylogenetic1
  • All are marine, and (A) Schematic phylogenetic tree showing the relationships of the five classes within the phylum Cnidaria. (web.app)
Survival Evolved1
  • cnidaria battling strategies in ARK: Survival Evolved. (dododex.com)
Invertebrate1
  • http:// www.mbari.org/staff/haddock/abstracts/BayhaScypho2010.pdf This volume presents a broad panorama of the current status of research of invertebrate animals considered belonging to the phylum Cnidaria, such as hydra, Animals from the phylum Cnidaria have stinging cells called cnidocytes. (web.app)
Hydra1
  • Klasse die hydra's en hydra-achtige zeedieren omvat. (getty.edu)
Costa Rica1
  • Biodiversidad marina de Costa Rica: Filo Cnidaria. (ucr.ac.cr)
Biology1
  • 13. Biology 19 Nov 2015 Hydrozoans display the most morphological diversity within the phylum Cnidaria. (web.app)
Molecular1
  • While recent molecular studies have provided some insights Cnidaria ph. (web.app)
Kingdom1
  • Phylum Cnidaria is the group of multicellular animals belonging to the sub-kingdom of Enterozao. (biologylearner.com)
Ocean3
  • Expressing the mystery and beauty of ocean life, Cnidaria Halitus harnesses the natural forces of the sun and the tides to produce 600,000 liters of potable water each day for the City of Santa Monica. (landartgenerator.org)
  • Cnidaria Halitus begins its water generation process by collecting and filtering water from the ocean through a centralized system of pipes that take it to the interior of each of the boilers located at the focal point of a Fresnel lens. (landartgenerator.org)
  • Cnidaria Halitus provides a visible solution to the problem of water scarcity, creating awareness while providing carbon free potable water from the ocean to the city. (landartgenerator.org)
Free1
  • 14 Feb 2014 phylum cnidaria notes - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf ), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. (web.app)
Classes1
Natural1
  • The Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Cnidaria collection contains 5758 digitised specimens of 1039 taxa. (naturalsciences.be)
Collection1
  • Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en, March 2010. (fishbase.org)
Search Results for 'Cnidaria' | Tony Wu Underwater Photography
Search Results for 'Cnidaria' | Tony Wu Underwater Photography (stockphotos.tonywublog.com)
Symmetry | Free Full-Text | The Neurological Asymmetry of Self-Face Recognition
Symmetry | Free Full-Text | The Neurological Asymmetry of Self-Face Recognition (mdpi.com)
Coral reefs: Essential and threatened | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Coral reefs: Essential and threatened | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (noaa.gov)
Australian carybdeid jellyfish causing Irukandji syndrome. | Semantic Scholar
Australian carybdeid jellyfish causing "Irukandji syndrome". | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
Animal - Wikipédia
Animal - Wikipédia (fr.wikipedia.org)
Anthozoa - Wikipedia
Anthozoa - Wikipedia (it.wikipedia.org)
Astroides calycularis - Wikipedia
Astroides calycularis - Wikipedia (it.wikipedia.org)
Nesseltiere - Wikipedia
Nesseltiere - Wikipedia (de.wikipedia.org)
Stygiomedusa - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Stygiomedusa - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre (es.wikipedia.org)
Resenhas Ciencias | PDF | Evolução | Seleção natural
Resenhas Ciencias | PDF | Evolução | Seleção natural (pt.scribd.com)
They Promised Me The Gun Wasn't Loaded
They Promised Me The Gun Wasn't Loaded (us.macmillan.com)
Sistema nervioso - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Sistema nervioso - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre (es.m.wikipedia.org)
PDF) Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 91 (suppl. 1), 2018....
PDF) Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 91 (suppl. 1), 2018.... (researchgate.net)
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Share this post (pescamediterraneo2.com)
Trochocyathus rhombocolumna Alcock, 1902
Trochocyathus rhombocolumna Alcock, 1902 (gbif.org)
La méduse Aurélie ou méduse bleue : habitat, alimentation, taille
La méduse Aurélie ou méduse bleue : habitat, alimentation, taille (nausicaa.fr)
Pavona danai (Milne Edwards, 1860)
Pavona danai (Milne Edwards, 1860) (gbif.org)
Dahab Photos Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free Images - iStock
Dahab Photos Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free Images - iStock (istockphoto.com)
Le corail est-il animal ou végétal ? | Dossier
Le corail est-il animal ou végétal ? | Dossier (futura-sciences.com)
Seabather's Eruption: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Seabather's Eruption: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology (medscape.com)
Tools And Strategies to access to original bioactive compounds from Cultivation of MARine invertebrates and associated...
Tools And Strategies to access to original bioactive compounds from Cultivation of MARine invertebrates and associated... (cordis.europa.eu)
Photographie animalière | Vente d'œuvres d'art en ligne
Photographie animalière | Vente d'œuvres d'art en ligne (artsper.com)
Paleofox.com forum del Portale della Paleontologia italiana
Paleofox.com forum del Portale della Paleontologia italiana (paleofox.com)
Mass spectrometry of short peptides reveals common features of metazoan peptidergic neurons | Nature Ecology & Evolution
Mass spectrometry of short peptides reveals common features of metazoan peptidergic neurons | Nature Ecology & Evolution (nature.com)
MarBEF Data System - ERMS - Botrucnidifer Carlgren, 1912
MarBEF Data System - ERMS - Botrucnidifer Carlgren, 1912 (marbef.org)
The acute transcriptional response of the coral Acropora millepora to immune challenge: expression of GiMAP/IAN genes links the...
The acute transcriptional response of the coral Acropora millepora to immune challenge: expression of GiMAP/IAN genes links the... (bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com)
Dzēlējzarndobumaiņi - Vikipēdija
Dzēlējzarndobumaiņi - Vikipēdija (lv.wikipedia.org)
Mysterious Jellyfish Makes a Comeback - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Mysterious Jellyfish Makes a Comeback - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (whoi.edu)
Evolutionary conservation of the antimicrobial function of mucus: a first defence against infection | npj Biofilms and...
Evolutionary conservation of the antimicrobial function of mucus: a first defence against infection | npj Biofilms and... (nature.com)