Clusterin: A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.Molecular Chaperones: A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. Although they take part in the assembly process, molecular chaperones are not components of the final structures.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.Complement Inactivator Proteins: Serum proteins that negatively regulate the cascade process of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. Uncontrolled complement activation and resulting cell lysis is potentially dangerous for the host. The complement system is tightly regulated by inactivators that accelerate the decay of intermediates and certain cell surface receptors.Rete Testis: The network of channels formed at the termination of the straight SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES in the mediastinum testis. Rete testis channels drain into the efferent ductules that pass into the caput EPIDIDYMIS.SwedenSoftware: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.User-Computer Interface: The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Word Processing: Text editing and storage functions using computer software.Computer Graphics: The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Alzheimer Disease: A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.MEDLINE: The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).Apolipoproteins E: A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.Sialic Acids: A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.Carbohydrates: The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Mammaglobin B: A MAMMAGLOBIN A-related secretoglobin that is expressed in several HUMAN tissues including the UTERUS; BREAST; SALIVARY GLAND; and LACRIMAL GLAND.Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.Tamoxifen: One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.Estrogen Antagonists: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Neoadjuvant Therapy: Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.Stem Cell Research: Experimentation on STEM CELLS and on the use of stem cells.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Inclusion Bodies: A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)Vimentin: An intermediate filament protein found in most differentiating cells, in cells grown in tissue culture, and in certain fully differentiated cells. Its insolubility suggests that it serves a structural function in the cytoplasm. MW 52,000.ArchivesBiological Science Disciplines: All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.Directories as Topic: Lists of persons or organizations, systematically arranged, usually in alphabetic or classed order, giving address, affiliations, etc., for individuals, and giving address, officers, functions, and similar data for organizations. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Recovery following relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the neonatal rat. (1/535)
BACKGROUND: Obstructive nephropathy is a primary cause of renal insufficiency in infants and children. This study was designed to distinguish the reversible and irreversible cellular consequences of temporary unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) on the developing kidney. METHODS: Rats were subjected to UUO or sham operation in the first 48 hours of life, and the obstruction was removed five days later (or was left in place). Kidneys were removed for study 14 or 28 days later. In additional groups, kidneys were removed at the end of five days of obstruction. Immunoreactive distribution of renin was determined in arterioles, and the distribution of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, clusterin, vimentin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin was determined in tubules and/or interstitium. The number of glomeruli, glomerular maturation, tubular atrophy, and interstitial collagen deposition was determined by morphometry. Renal cellular proliferation and apoptosis were measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the TdT uridine-nick-end-label technique, respectively. The glomerular filtration rate was measured by inulin clearance. RESULTS: Renal microvascular renin maintained a fetal distribution with persistent UUO; this was partially reversed by the relief of obstruction. Although glomerular maturation was also delayed and glomerular volume was reduced by UUO, the relief of obstruction prevented the reduction in glomerular volume. Although relief of obstruction did not reverse a 40% reduction in the number of nephrons, the glomerular filtration rate of the postobstructed kidney was normal. The relief of obstruction did not improve tubular cell proliferation and only partially reduced apoptosis induced by UUO. This was associated with a persistent reduction in the tubular epidermal growth factor. In addition, the relief of obstruction reduced but did not normalize tubular expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, clusterin, and vimentin, all of which are evidence of persistent tubular injury. The relief of obstruction significantly reduced interstitial fibrosis and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin by interstitial fibroblasts, but not to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: The relief of obstruction in the neonatal rat attenuates, but does not reverse, renal vascular, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial injury resulting from five days of UUO. Hyperfiltration by remaining nephrons and residual tubulointerstitial injury in the postobstructed kidney are likely to lead to deterioration of renal function later in life. (+info)Clusterin has chaperone-like activity similar to that of small heat shock proteins. (2/535)
Clusterin is a highly conserved protein which is expressed at increased levels by many cell types in response to a broad variety of stress conditions. A genuine physiological function for clusterin has not yet been established. The results presented here demonstrate for the first time that clusterin has chaperone-like activity. At physiological concentrations, clusterin potently protected glutathione S-transferase and catalase from heat-induced precipitation and alpha-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin from precipitation induced by reduction with dithiothreitol. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data showed that clusterin bound preferentially to heat-stressed glutathione S-transferase and to dithiothreitol-treated bovine serum albumin and alpha-lactalbumin. Size exclusion chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses showed that clusterin formed high molecular weight complexes (HMW) with all four proteins tested. Small heat shock proteins (sHSP) also act in this way to prevent protein precipitation and protect cells from heat and other stresses. The stoichiometric subunit molar ratios of clusterin:stressed protein during formation of HMW complexes (which for the four proteins tested ranged from 1.0:1.3 to 1.0:11) is less than the reported ratios for sHSP-mediated formation of HMW complexes (1.0:1.0 or greater), indicating that clusterin is a very efficient chaperone. Our results suggest that clusterin may play a sHSP-like role in cytoprotection. (+info)Clusterin gene expression mediates resistance to apoptotic cell death induced by heat shock and oxidative stress. (3/535)
Clusterin is a widely expressed, well conserved, secreted glycoprotein, which is highly induced in tissues regressing as a consequence of apoptotic cell death in vivo. It has recently been shown that clusterin expression is only confined to surviving cells following the induction of apoptosis in vitro, suggesting that it is involved in cell survival rather than death. In the hypothesis that clusterin may be implicated in cellular responses to stress, clusterin gene expression was analyzed in the A431 human epidermoid cancer cell line following heat shock and oxidative stress. Our results show that both a transient heat shock (20 min at 42 degrees C) and various oxidative stresses, including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hyperoxia and UVA exposure, induce a strong increase in clusterin mRNA levels as assessed by northern blot. Nuclear run-on analysis suggests that transcriptional activation is involved in inducing clusterin mRNA in response to heat shock. Using pulse-chase analysis of control and heat shocked cells, it is shown that clusterin mRNA is translated and secreted, thus resulting in increased extracellular levels of the protein following heat shock. To investigate the function of clusterin in response to these stresses, clusterin anti-sense transfectants that stably express virtually no clusterin at the mRNA and protein level were generated in A431 cells. These anti-sense transfectants are shown to be highly sensitive to apoptotic cell death induced by heat shock or oxidative stress compared with wild-type A431 cells or control transfectants. Taken together, our results show that clusterin gene expression is induced in response to heat shock and oxidative stress in human A431 cells, and confers cellular protection against heat shock and oxidative stress. (+info)Effect of targeted expression of clusterin in photoreceptor cells on retinal development and differentiation. (4/535)
Clusterin expression is increased in tissues undergoing apoptosis, including neurodegenerative retina, but the causal relationships remain to be clarified. To test the hypothesis that overexpression of clusterin could induce apoptosis in neurons, transgenic mice were generated in which rat clusterin transgene was expressed in photoreceptor cells under the transcriptional control of the human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) promoter. Photoreceptor cell death in the resulting transgenic mice was examined by histology and TUNEL techniques. The expression of the clusterin transgene was confirmed by in situ hybridization in the photoreceptor cells, and results in a complex pattern of clusterin protein distribution in the retina. A reduction in apoptotic staining in the transgenic retinas was observed from birth to postnatal day 15. These results suggest that clusterin is not causally involved in apoptotic mechanisms of photoreceptor cell death, but may relate to cytoprotective functions. (+info)Nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor stimulate clusterin gene expression in PC12 cells. (5/535)
Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is an extracellular glycoprotein that might exert functions in development, cell death and lipid transport. Clusterin gene expression is elevated at sites of tissue remodelling, such as differentiation and apoptosis; however, the signals responsible for this regulation have not been identified. We use here the clusterin gene as a model system to examine expression in PC12 cells under the control of differentiation and proliferation signals produced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and by epidermal growth factor (EGF) respectively. NGF induced clusterin mRNA, which preceded neurite outgrowth typical of neuronal differentiation. EGF also activated the clusterin mRNA, demonstrating that both proliferation and differentiation signals regulate the gene. To localize NGF- and EGF-responsive elements we isolated the clusterin promoter and tested it in PC12 cell transfections. A 2.5 kb promoter fragment and two 1.5 and 0.3 kb deletion mutants were inducible by NGF and EGF. The contribution to this response of a conserved activator protein 1 (AP-1) motif located in the 0.3 kb fragment was analysed by mutagenesis. The mutant promoter was not inducible by NGF or EGF, which identifies the AP-1 motif as an element responding to both factors. Binding studies with PC12 nuclear extracts showed that AP-1 binds to this sequence in the clusterin promoter. These findings suggest that NGF and EGF, which give differential gene regulation in PC12 cells, resulting in neuronal differentiation and proliferation respectively, use the common Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/AP-1 signalling pathway to activate clusterin expression. (+info)Clusterin (SGP-2) gene expression is cell cycle dependent in normal human dermal fibroblasts. (6/535)
In confluent human dermal fibroblasts brought to quiescence (G0) by serum starvation, the S phase peaked at 24 h after serum re-addiction and G2/M phase peaked at 36 h. This was confirmed by titration of h-gas1 mRNA (a marker of G0 phase) and histone H3 (a marker of S phase). Clusterin mRNA accumulation progressively increased in cells proceeding to confluence after seeding and to quiescence upon serum starvation, and peaked at around G0, in parallel with h-gas1 mRNA. At 6 h (roughly G1 phase) clusterin transcript formed a second peak, followed by a gradual decrease until 36 h. Correspondence of clusterin protein accumulation to its mRNA occurred solely with regard to the G0 peak but not to the second one. The possible meaning of the cell cycle related clusterin gene expression is discussed. (+info)Isolation of Ku70-binding proteins (KUBs). (7/535)
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in resealing DNA double-stand breaks by non-homologous end joining. Aside from DNA-PK, XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV, other proteins which play a role(s) in this repair pathway remain unknown; DNA-PK contains a catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and a DNA binding subunit (Ku70 and Ku80). We isolated Ku70-binding proteins (KUB1-KUB4) using yeast two-hybrid analyses. Sequence analyses revealed KUB1 to be apolipoprotein J (apoJ), also known as X-ray-inducible transcript 8 (XIP8), testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) and clusterin. KUB2 is Ku80. KUB3 and KUB4 are unknown, >10 kb trans-cripts. Interactions of apoJ/XIP8 or KUB3 with Ku70 were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analyses in MCF-7:WS8 breast cancer or IMR-90 normal lung fibroblast cells, respectively. The interaction of apoJ/XIP8 with Ku70 was confirmed by far-western analyses. Stable over-expression of full-length apoJ/XIP8 in MCF-7:WS8 caused decreased Ku70/Ku80 DNA end binding that was restored by apoJ/XIP8 monoclonal antibodies. The role of apoJ/XIP8 in ionizing radiation resistance/sensitivity is under investigation. (+info)Targeted disruption of the murine lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase gene is associated with reductions in plasma paraoxonase and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activities but not in apolipoprotein J concentration. (8/535)
Lecithin:cholesteryl acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency resulting from targeted disruption of the Lcat gene in the mouse is associated with dramatic decreases in HDL concentration and the accumulation of nascent HDL in the plasma. We examined whether LCAT deficiency in mice is associated with a concomitant decrease in two antioxidative enzymes, paraoxonase (PON) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). In control Lcat (+/+) mice both these enzymes are transported on HDL. Compared to Lcat (+/+) mice, HDL-cholesterol is reduced 94% and apoA-I, 90%, in Lcat (-/-) mice; this reduction in HDL is paralleled by a 71% decrease in PAF-AH activity and in a 58% decrease in PON activity. Apolipoprotein J (apoJ) levels, rather than being decreased, were significantly (P = 0.01) higher (36%) in Lcat (-/-) than in Lcat (+/+) mice, and the apo J/PON ratio was 3-fold greater in Lcat (-/-) than in Lcat (+/+) animals. Even though apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) concentration and PON activity were drastically reduced, there was no reduction in apoA-I and PON liver mRNA levels suggesting that post-transcriptional events are responsible for the reduction of plasma PON and apoA-I levels. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) revealed that in Lcat (+/+) mice both PON and PAF-AH activity is associated with large, apoA-I-containing HDL particles (9.7 nm by non-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) while in Lcat (-/-) mice both enzymes are associated with small 8.2 nm particles. We conclude that the concomitant reduction in HDL and apoA-I concentrations and PON and PAF-AH activities is best explained by rapid clearance of the small HDL particles found in LCAT deficiency. (+info)
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from:'Frank Sue Koren'
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MRNAGlycoproteinApoptosisComplementNeuronsNeuronalCytoprotectiveSecretoryExpressionSurvivalCellsInductionSituHumanMechanismsRoleGlycoproteinApoJApolipoproteinSuggest that clusterinIncreased clusterin expressionAntibodyIntracellularProteinsEffects of clusterinChaperoneInhibitorAntibodiesIncrease in clusterinSCLUTumorGene expressionSecretory clusterinLinked the protein clusterinAssayed for clusterin expressionLocalizationSerumProtein expressionVariantsUpregulationExpression of the ClusterinPathogenesisOverexpressionHigher clusterin levelsRecombinant human clusterinMolecularMultifunctionalImmunohistochemistryConcentrationsPlasmaHUMANProstate cancerRole for clusterinEffect of clusterinFound that clusterinImply that clusterinPattern of clusterinFunction of clusterinInvolvement of clusterinDistribution of clusterinConcentration of clusterinLevels
MRNA5
- After it was first demonstrated that folic acid increased renal clusterin mRNA in the rat, a species in which renal clusterin was highly inducible by other stimuli, the effects of folic acid (250 mg/kg ip) on clusterin mRNA and immunoreactivity were examined in mice sufficient and deficient for the fifth component of complement. (elsevier.com)
- Similar increases in clusterin mRNA and immunoreactivity were seen in both the C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice compared with their respective vehicle-injected control groups. (elsevier.com)
- Renal clusterin mRNA was also increased to a similar extent in the remaining kidney of both C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice 10 days after subtotal nephrectomy. (elsevier.com)
- The authors examined the pattern of clusterin mRNA expression in the developing rat embryo and found it not to correlate with regions undergoing developmental cell death. (mussenhealth.us)
- The fact that nearly every neuron in the adult forebrain was positive for clusterin mRNA made it unlikely that clusterin correlated with programmed cell death in the majority of cells expressing it. (mussenhealth.us)
Glycoprotein3
- Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that has been associated with such diverse biologic functions as reproduction, cell regression, cell aggregation, and regulation of the cytolytic activity of the membrane attack complex of complement. (elsevier.com)
- Purification and characterization of a cell-aggregating factor (clusterin), the major glycoprotein in ram rete testis fluid. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The glycoprotein clusterin (CLU), has two known isoforms generated in human cells. (elsevier.com)
Apoptosis1
- This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of clusterin in DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle control and the relevance. (elsevier.com)
Complement2
- To further explore the interaction between Clusterin and complement, the requirement for an intact complement system for renal Clusterin induction in an acute (folic acid nephropathy) and a chronic (subtotal renal ablation) model of renal injury was examined. (elsevier.com)
- In conclusion, the induction of clusterin after folic acid administration or subtotal nephrectomy was independent of the presence of an intact complement system, because similar increases in clusterin expression were observed in C5-sufficient and C5-deficient mice. (elsevier.com)
Neurons1
- In the latter study, virtually all neurons were shown to be clusterin-positive by immunohistochemistry . (mussenhealth.us)
Neuronal2
- Rather, they found increasing clusterin message to be associated with neuronal differentiation. (mussenhealth.us)
- Consistent with these data and supportive of a role for clusterin in the maturation of the nervous tissue are the observations made by O'Bryan et al33 during neuronal development in the mouse. (mussenhealth.us)
Cytoprotective1
- We attempted to verify in an experimental model the role of cytoplasmic clusterin (CLU), a cytoprotective protein found to be up-regulated in antiestrogen-resistant patients, following neoadjuvant treatment with toremifene. (spandidos-publications.com)
Secretory2
- Secretory clusterin (sCLU), a stressactivated and ATP-independent molecular chaperone, is up-regulated in numerous tumors and correlated with malignant phenotypes. (eurekaselect.com)
- Jie Zhang, Mengna Wu, Yuqing Xu, Qianqian Song and Wenjie Zheng*, "Secretory Clusterin: A Promising Target for Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma", Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry (2020) 20: 1153. (eurekaselect.com)
Expression6
- Treatment with siRNA completely abolished cytoplasmic clusterin expression in all cell lines, but its down-regulation resulted in a significant decrease of cell growth only in the resistant line. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Clusterin is a component of glomerular immune deposits in the kidney, and increased Clusterin expression occurs in a number of renal injury states. (elsevier.com)
- Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Huh7, which stably expresses HDAgs, was differentially screened and the results showed that clusterin gene expression was enhanced. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Expression of HDAgs was associated with enhanced histone H3 acetylation within the clusterin promoter in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Transient transfection of HDAg-expressing plasmids into Huh7 cells also enhanced clusterin expression and histone acetylation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The effect of increased clusterin expression was determined by a chemosensitivity assay with adriamycin treatment. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Survival1
- These data indicated that HDV-induced clusterin protein increases cell survival potential. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cells2
- Resistant cells were characterised by higher levels of cytoplasmic clusterin than sensitive cells, and antiestrogen treatments up-regulated clusterin levels in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
- We therefore concluded that: i) basal clusterin levels are higher in antiestrogen resistant cells, ii) clusterin is up-regulated following antiestrogen treatment independently of the sensitivity of the cell line, iii) down-regulation of cytoplasmic clusterin restores sensitivity to toremifene in the antiestrogen-resistant cell line. (spandidos-publications.com)
Induction1
- Furthermore, HDV replication was associated with histone hyperacetylation and clusterin induction. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Situ1
- A direct role for clusterin in programmed cell death in the rat CNS was subsequently disclosed in a study by Garden and coworkers32 using in situ hybridization. (mussenhealth.us)
Human1
- Human native Clusterin was filtered (0.4µm) and lyophilized from 0.5mg/ml in 0.1M phosphate buffer, 0.15M NaCl pH 7.5. (prospecbio.com)
Mechanisms1
- The mechanisms for HDAg-mediated clusterin gene upregulation were investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Role1
- The role of cytoplasmic clusterin in modulating response to two antiestrogens (toremifene and tamoxifen) was studied in two ER+ anti-estrogen-sensitive cell lines (MCF-7, 734B) and one ER+ antiestrogen-resistant cell line (T47D) using siRNA strategy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Glycoprotein19
- Clusterin, also known as Apolipoprotein J, Sulfated Glycoprotein 2 (SGP-2), TRPM-2, and SP-40,40, is a secreted multifunctional protein that binds a wide range of molecules and may function as a chaperone of misfolded extracellular proteins. (rndsystems.com)
- Clusterin, also known as Apolipoprotein J, is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that is a member of the heat-shock protein family. (biolegend.com)
- Clusterin is a heterodimeric, disulfide-linked 70-80 kDa glycoprotein that is induced during regression of most, if not all, hormone-dependent epithelial tissues. (nih.gov)
- Clusterin is a glycoprotein induced after renal tubular cell injury. (asnjournals.org)
- The multifunctional protein clusterin (CLU) is a secreted glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed throughout the body, including in the eye. (ovid.com)
- Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J (CLU) is a heterodimeric ubiquitously expressed secreted glycoprotein that is implicated in several physiological processes and is differentially expressed in many severe physiological disturbances, including tumor formation and in vivo cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)
- Clusterin is a secreted glycoprotein that is upregulated in a variety of cell lines in response to stress, and enhances cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J/Apo-J is an enigmatic glycoprotein with a nearly ubiquitous tissue distribution and an apparent involvement in biological processes ranging from mammary gland involution to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (sinobiological.com)
- Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J/Apo-J is a widely distributed glycoprotein with a wide range of biologic properties. (sinobiological.com)
- Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that has been associated with such diverse biologic functions as reproduction, cell regression, cell aggregation, and regulation of the cytolytic activity of the membrane attack complex of complement. (elsevier.com)
- Clusterin (CLU)/Apolipoprotein J is a highly conserved glycoprotein which has attracted significant scientific attention since it is implicated in many biological processes and exerts a broad spectrum of functional properties. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clusterin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein which has been shown to play important roles in programmed cell death and/or in tissue reorganization not only during embryonic development but also in damaged tissues. (bioscientifica.com)
- Clusterin is a multifunctional, secreted glycoprotein that has been shown to be expressed in diverse locations that have in common a tissue-fluid boundary. (cf.ac.uk)
- Clusterin, a secretory glycoprotein, has been shown to be up-regulated in the reactive astrocytes in response to brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, but its function has not been clearly elucidated. (elsevier.com)
- Purification and characterization of a cell-aggregating factor (clusterin), the major glycoprotein in ram rete testis fluid. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Clusterin is a secretory glycoprotein, which is highly up-regulated in a variety of normal and injury tissues undergoing apoptosis including infarct region of the myocardium. (elsevier.com)
- Clusterin, a 70-Kd disulfide-linked two-chain plasma glycoprotein circulates in blood as a high-density lipoprotein particle and is highly induced after tissue injury and tissue remodeling. (ashpublications.org)
- Clusterin, a widely expressed glycoprotein, is induced in tissues regressing as a consequence of oxidative stress-mediated cell death. (elsevier.com)
- Clusterin / apolipoprotein J is a glycoprotein which is highly expressed in the plasma and has modulatory roles in immune and inflammatory reactions, neurobiology , lipid metabolism , and leptin signaling. (bvsalud.org)
ApoJ14
- Apolipoprotein J/clusterin (apoJ/clusterin), an intriguing protein with unknown function, is induced in myocarditis and numerous other inflammatory injuries. (jci.org)
- Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: APOJ / Clusterin Antibody [NBP1-- Staining of human tonsil shows strong positivity in squamous epithelial cells. (novusbio.com)
- Apoliprotein J (apoJ)/clusterin has attracted considerable interest based on its inducibility in multiple injury processes and accumulation at sites of remodeling, regression, and degeneration. (asm.org)
- Aging mice deficient in apoJ/clusterin developed a progressive glomerulopathy characterized by the deposition of immune complexes in the mesangium. (asm.org)
- Up to 75% of glomeruli in apoJ/clusterin-deficient mice exhibited moderate to severe mesangial lesions by 21 months of age. (asm.org)
- In the apoJ/clusterin-deficient mice, immune complexes of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, and in some cases C1q, C3, and C9 were detectable as early as 4 weeks of age. (asm.org)
- In young apoJ/clusterin-deficient animals, the development of immune complex lesions was accelerated by unilateral nephrectomy-induced hyperfiltration. (asm.org)
- Injected immune complexes localized to the mesangium of apoJ/clusterin-deficient but not wild-type mice. (asm.org)
- These results establish a protective role of apoJ/clusterin against chronic glomerular kidney disease and support the hypothesis that apoJ/clusterin modifies immune complex metabolism and disposal. (asm.org)
- Newkirk MM, Apostolakos P, Neville C and Fortin PR: Systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease associated with low levels of Clusterin/ApoJ, and anti-inflammatory protein. (biovendor.com)
- Clusterin/apolipoprotein J (apoJ) is an extracellular chaperone involved in the quality control system against protein aggregation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Clusterin, also known as complement-associated protein SP-4, Complement cytolysis inhibitor, Apolipoprotein J, Testosterone-repressed prostate message 2, Aging-associated gene 4 protein, CLU and APOJ, is a secreted protein which belongs to the clusterin family. (sinobiological.com)
- Michel D, Chatelanin G, North S, Brun G. Stress-induced transcription of the clusterin/apoJ gene. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Clusterin, also known as apolipoprotein J (apoJ), is one of the most abundantly expressed apolipoproteins in the brain after apolipoprotein E (apoE). (beds.ac.uk)
Apolipoprotein12
- Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is a 75 - 80 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein associated with the clearance of cellular debris and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Clusterin also named Apolipoprotein J (APO-J) is a 75-80 kD disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein containing about 30% of N-linked carbohydrate rich in sialic acid but truncated forms targeted to the nucleus have also been identified. (prospecbio.com)
- We identified increased adipocyte expression of ECM-related clusterin (apolipoprotein J) in obese versus lean women by microarray. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Clusterin/apolipoprotein J binds to aggregated LDL in human plasma and plays a protective role against LDL aggregation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Recent genetic and proteomic studies demonstrate that clusterin/apolipoprotein-J is associated with risk, pathology, and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (ox.ac.uk)
- Differential effects of clusterin/apolipoprotein J on cellular growth and survival. (semanticscholar.org)
- Upregulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J in lactacystin-treated SH-SY5Y cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- Clusterin, also known as apolipoprotein J, has been implicated in numerous processes, including active cell death. (anacrom.com)
- Clusterin (CLU) /Apolipoprotein J is a protein biosensor of oxidative stress and inflammation, which is upregulated in many pathological processes including atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- RESULTS: Clusterin/apolipoprotein J was associated with atrophy of the entorhinal cortex, baseline disease severity, and rapid clinical progression in AD. (ox.ac.uk)
- In contrast to plasma clusterin, the platelet form was not complexed to apolipoprotein A-I. By immunogold labeling, alpha-granule localization of clusterin was observed. (ashpublications.org)
- Like the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene ( APOE) , the clusterin gene ( CLU ) is a risk locus for Alzheimer's disease, and may play additional roles in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. (beds.ac.uk)
Suggest that clusterin4
- Therefore, we suggest that clusterin might be considered as a molecule induced by both embryonic development and drug-induced reorganization of the endocrine pancreas. (bioscientifica.com)
- Our data suggest that clusterin protects cardiomyocytes against ischemic cell death via a complement-independent pathway. (vumc.nl)
- These results suggest that clusterin might play an important role in astrogliosis by stimulating the proliferation of astrocytes through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway. (elsevier.com)
- Collectively, these results suggest that clusterin has a role protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress and the Akt/GSK-3β signaling mediates anti-apoptotic effect of clusterin. (elsevier.com)
Increased clusterin expression3
- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We validated increased clusterin expression in adipocytes from a separate group of 18 lean and 54 obese individuals. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Clusterin is a component of glomerular immune deposits in the kidney, and increased Clusterin expression occurs in a number of renal injury states. (elsevier.com)
- The effect of increased clusterin expression was determined by a chemosensitivity assay with adriamycin treatment. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Antibody9
- The clusterin antibody also showed punctate staining of some normal appearing AD pyramidal neurons, and very scattered staining of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. (nih.gov)
- Western blot of anti-Clusterin antibody (clone A15113A) and isotype-matched IgG 2a control, binding to endogenous and recombinant human clusterin. (biolegend.com)
- IHC staining of anti-Clusterin antibody (clone A15113A) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain tissue of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease. (biolegend.com)
- The antibody was raised in rabbits by immunization with the recombinant Rat Clusterin. (biovendor.com)
- Clusterin antibody was purified from mouse ascitic fluids by protein-G affinity chromatography. (mybiosource.com)
- Clusterin antibody has been tested by ELISA, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis to assure specificity and reactivity. (mybiosource.com)
- Mouse anti Human clusterin antibody, clone 3R3/2 recognizes clusterin, an ubiquitously expressed protein of two 40 kDa chains, alpha and beta, covalently joined by disulfide bonds. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- All Clusterin reagents are produced in house and quality controlled, including 15 Clusterin Antibody, 67 Clusterin Gene, 1 Clusterin IP Kit, 2 Clusterin Lysate, 2 Clusterin Protein, 2 Clusterin qPCR. (sinobiological.com)
- This antibody is designed for the specific localization of human clusterin using IHC techniques in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (anacrom.com)
Intracellular7
- Clusterin is involved in several biological processes including extra- and intracellular chaperone activity, pro- and anti-apoptotic properties, lipid transportation, cell clustering, modulation of NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity, and complement inhibition. (biolegend.com)
- Clusterin protects neurons against intracellular proteotoxicity" by Jenna Gregory, Daniel Whiten et al. (edu.au)
- We have examined in this study whether or not increased expression of clusterin is able to protect neuronal cells against intracellular protein aggregation and cytotoxicity, characteristics that are strongly implicated in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. (edu.au)
- We therefore conclude that increased expression of clusterin can provide an important defense against intracellular proteotoxicity under conditions that mimic specific features of neurodegenerative disease. (edu.au)
- We studied the biological effects of intracellular clusterin and observed that clusterin forms containing the α-chain region strongly accumulated in an ubiquitinated form in juxtanuclear aggregates meeting the main criterions of aggresomes and leading to profound alterations of the mitochondrial network. (biologists.org)
- The viability of cells transfected by intracellular forms of clusterin was improved by overexpression of Bcl-2, and caspase inhibition was capable of rescuing cells expressing clusterin, which presented an altered mitochondrial permeability. (biologists.org)
- We propose that, although it might be an inherently pro-survival and anti-apoptotic protein expressed by cells under stress in an attempt to protect themselves, clusterin can become highly cytotoxic when accumulated in the intracellular compartment. (biologists.org)
Proteins9
- Antibodies to all four proteins showed staining of dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads in AD tissue, and residual serum in normal tissue, but only antibodies to clusterin and vitronectin strongly stained amyloid deposits in senile plaques. (nih.gov)
- Clusterin, vitronectin and protectin are all believed to inhibit membrane insertion by the MAC, and these data are consistent with upregulation of all three proteins in response to MAC formation in AD, and with a neuronal origin of clusterin. (nih.gov)
- The only member common to both lists-which contained eight proteins apiece, many of them inflammatory factors involved in the complement system-was clusterin, an extracellular chaperone that regulates amyloid formation and clearance. (alzforum.org)
- They find that clusterin can accumulate in juxtanuclear aggregates that exhibit features characteristic of aggresomes (inclusion bodies thought to prevent misfolded proteins spreading throughout the cell). (biologists.org)
- Clusterin is a protein that occurs naturally in tears and acts to protect cells and proteins. (visivite.com)
- Clusterin forms complexes with C5b:C6:C7, or C5b:C6:C7:C8 or C5b:C6:C7:C8:C9, as the proteins assemble into the amphiphilic MAC. (reactome.org)
- The levels of clusterin proteins and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northern blot analyses, respectively. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Clusterin/apo J, a multifunctional secreted chaperone, is one of the major proteins accumulating in drusen deposits. (meta.org)
- CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate an important role of clusterin in the pathogenesis of AD and suggest that alterations in amyloid chaperone proteins may be a biologically relevant peripheral signature of AD. (ox.ac.uk)
Effects of clusterin4
- Laure Debure and co-workers have examined the effects of clusterin expression in COS-7 cells (see p. 3109 ). (biologists.org)
- We used the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated protein TDP-43 as a primary model to investigate the effects of clusterin on protein aggregation and neurotoxicity in complementary in vitro, neuronal cell and Drosophila systems. (edu.au)
- The present study, led by Dr. Martin Gleave and published in EMBO Molecular Medicine http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.15252/emmm.201506059/full (May 2016), explored the biological effects of clusterin (CLU) on mitosis, finding that silencing CLU-induced activation of Cdc25C makes cancer cells more sensitive to mitotic-targeting agents such as chemotherapy. (tfri.ca)
- We have measured the in vitro effects of clusterin over-expression on cell cycle, cell death, and sensitivity to TNFalpha and tamoxifen. (biomedcentral.com)
Chaperone13
- One tempting hypothesis says that clusterin is an extracellular chaperone protecting cells from stress induced insults caused by degraded and misfolded protein precipitates. (prospecbio.com)
- Clusterin is a chaperone protein that is synthesized in response to cellular stress. (biologists.org)
- Debure and co-workers reconcile these seemingly conflicting effects on cell survival by suggesting that clusterin is an anti-apoptotic, aggresome-forming chaperone but can be cytotoxic if it accumulates. (biologists.org)
- One tempting hypothesis says that clusterin is an extracellular chaperone protecting cells from stress induced by degraded and misfolded protein precipitates.Clus-terin is up- or downregulated on the mRNA or protein level in many pathological and clinically relevant situations including cancer, organ regeneration, infection, Alzheimer disease, retinitis pigmentosa, myocardial infarction, renal tubular damage, autoimmunity and others. (biovendor.com)
- It is now widely accepted in the field that the normally secreted chaperone clusterin is redirected to the cytosol during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although the physiological function(s) of this physical relocation remain unknown. (edu.au)
- Clusterin ( CLU ) is an extracellular matrix chaperone that prevents protein aggregation and is highly expressed in ocular tissues affected by XFS. (arvojournals.org)
- Clusterin is a secreted protein chaperone up-regulated in several pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. (semanticscholar.org)
- Secretory clusterin (sCLU), a stressactivated and ATP-independent molecular chaperone, is up-regulated in numerous tumors and correlated with malignant phenotypes. (eurekaselect.com)
- Clusterin acts as an extracellular chaperone inhibiting the formation of human lysozyme amyloid associated with Alzheimer's disease. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- Upregulation of clusterin mRNA and protein levels detected in diverse disease states and in in vitro systems have led to suggestions that it functions in membrane lipid recycling, in apoptotic cell death, and as a stress-induced secreted chaperone protein, amongst others. (sinobiological.com)
- Clusterin (CLU) is a stress-activated cytoprotective chaperone upregulated by a variety of anticancer therapies that confers treatment resistance when overexpressed. (aacrjournals.org)
- Here, we show that expression of secretory clusterin (sCLU), a known pro-survival extracellular chaperone, is transcriptionally up-regulated during both RS and SIPS, but not in oncogene-induced senescence, consistent with a DNA damage-inducible mechanism. (telomerescience.com)
- Clusterin is a cytoprotective chaperone protein that promotes cell survival and confers broad-spectrum treatment resistance. (oup.com)
Inhibitor3
- Custirsen is a highly specific clusterin inhibitor designed to improve survival in patients with advanced cancer. (newswire.ca)
- Furthermore, valproic acid, an antiepileptic drug and a recently identified inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC), induced a significant increase in clusterin protein expressio. (meta.org)
- This clusterin-stimulated proliferation was abrogated by PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. (elsevier.com)
Antibodies1
- None of the cells that stained with clusterin antibodies were positively stained with PCNA or vimentin antibodies. (jci.org)
Increase in clusterin1
- An increase in clusterin mRNA was not seen 1, 2, or 4 d after PAN injection. (asnjournals.org)
SCLU5
- BOTHELL, Wash. and VANCOUVER, British Columbia , Sept. 28, 2015 /CNW/ -- OncoGenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: OGXI) announced today results from additional exploratory analyses of the Phase 3 SYNERGY trial demonstrating that custirsen treatment significantly lowered serum clusterin (sCLU) levels from baseline in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (newswire.ca)
- These data support that custirsen is inhibiting the production of clusterin in men with metastatic CRPC and a correlation between treatment-induced reductions in sCLU and clinical benefit in those patients at risk for poor outcomes,' said Scott Cormack , President and CEO of OncoGenex. (newswire.ca)
- Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is a cytoprotective protein that guards against genotoxic stresses. (aacrjournals.org)
- In prostate cancer the secreted form of clusterin (sCLU) has been described as an anti-apoptotic protein whose expression is increased after therapeutic intervention, whereas, the nuclear protein form nCLU was reported to have pro-apoptotic properties. (plos.org)
- ATM regulates insulin-like growth factor 1-secretory clusterin (IGF-1-sCLU) expression that protects cells against senescence. (telomerescience.com)
Tumor9
- Lipocalin 2, clusterin, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1), interleukin-6, homocysteine, and uric acid are inflammatory and/or biochemical markers. (hindawi.com)
- Production of the protein clusterin is a fundamental cellular repair mechanism that tumor cells exploit to evade destruction by anti-cancer therapies. (newswire.ca)
- Here, clusterin (CLU) was identified as a novel target gene of DEC1 and suppresses DNA damage-induced cell death in tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- To investigate the role of secretory clusterin in the biology of breast cancer tumor growth and resistance to therapy we have engineered an MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7CLU) that over-expresses clusterin. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using an orthotopic model of breast cancer, we have also determined the effects of over-expression of clusterin on tumor growth and metastatic progression. (biomedcentral.com)
- These data suggest that secretory clusterin, which is frequently up-regulated in breast cancers by common therapies, including anti-estrogens, may play a significant role in tumor growth, metastatic progression and subsequent drug resistance in surviving cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Induction of clusterin by AKT--role in cytoprotection against docetaxel in prostate tumor cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- The i.v. administration of Pc 4 to mice bearing chemically or UVB radiation-induced skin papillomas, followed by light application, led to increased clusterin protein expression, peaking 24 h after the treatment, when tumor regression was apparently visible. (elsevier.com)
- These data, for the first time, demonstrate the involvement of clusterin in PDT-mediated cell death and during tumor regression. (elsevier.com)
Gene expression3
- The relationship of clusterin gene expression and plasma clusterin with IR, cardiovascular biomarkers, and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was then determined. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Therefore, clusterin gene expression during mouse inner ear development was studied using riboprobes from the mouse gene. (sussex.ac.uk)
- Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line Huh7, which stably expresses HDAgs, was differentially screened and the results showed that clusterin gene expression was enhanced. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Secretory clusterin3
- In vitro, over-expression of secretory clusterin alters the cell cycle kinetics and decreases the rate of cell death, resulting in the enhancement of cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
- Over-expression of secretory clusterin also blocks the TNFalpha-mediated induction of p21 and abrogates the cleavage of Bax to t-Bax, rendering the MCF-7CLU cells significantly more resistant to the cytokine than the parental cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Jie Zhang, Mengna Wu, Yuqing Xu, Qianqian Song and Wenjie Zheng*, "Secretory Clusterin: A Promising Target for Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma", Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry (2020) 20: 1153. (eurekaselect.com)
Linked the protein clusterin1
- During a study spanning nearly a decade, researchers at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Houston Methodist Cancer Center have linked the protein clusterin - for the first time -- to many different facets of cardiometabolic syndrome risk through its actions in the liver. (news-medical.net)
Assayed for clusterin expression1
- In this study, peripheral blood leukocytes were assayed for clusterin expression. (ashpublications.org)
Localization5
- Localization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin, c-Fos, and clusterin in the postischemic kidney. (jci.org)
- While clusterin contains a cryptic SV-40-like nuclear localization signal, mutation of this sequence does not affect the nuclear accumulation of the disulfide-linked nuclear isoform. (nih.gov)
- In contrast to the extent and pattern of clusterin staining, vimentin was seen in only sporadic, dilated tubules, in addition to its expected glomerular localization. (asnjournals.org)
- The role of clusterin might depend on the final maturation and localization of the protein, which can be secreted or reside inside cells, either after in situ synthesis or uptake of extracellular clusterin. (biologists.org)
- This situation is further complicated by the complexity of clusterin localization and biogenesis pathways. (biologists.org)
Serum4
- Our objective was to determine 1 ) whether subcutaneous AT adipocyte (SAd) clusterin and serum clusterin are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and known markers of cardiometabolic risk and 2 ) how clusterin may contribute to increased risk. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of lipocalin 2, clusterin, sTNFR-1, interleukin-6, homocysteine, and uric acid in patients and controls groups. (hindawi.com)
- Morrissey C, Lakins J, Moquin A, Hussain M, Tenniswood M: An antigen capture assay for the measurement of serum Clusterin concentrations. (biovendor.com)
- Native clusterin purified from human serum. (anacrom.com)
Protein expression4
- seemed to affect clusterin mRNA levels or protein expression in blood. (alzforum.org)
- The analysis of clusterin protein expression revealed this was not restricted to the developing sensory epithelium alone, but also was detected transiently in the periotic mesenchye, otic capsule, as well as Reissner's membrane, a non-sensory epithelium. (sussex.ac.uk)
- We also analyzed the protein expression of clusterin in ischemic H9c2 cells. (vumc.nl)
- Subjects with AD had increased clusterin messenger RNA in blood, but there was no effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding clusterin with gene or protein expression. (ox.ac.uk)
Variants1
- Context: Variants in the clusterin gene are associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and clusterin levels have been found to be increased in brain and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with AD. (eur.nl)
Upregulation2
- We conclude that ischemia induces the upregulation of clusterin in ischemically challenged, but viable, cardiomyocytes. (vumc.nl)
- The mechanisms for HDAg-mediated clusterin gene upregulation were investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Expression of the Clusterin1
- Although there are many factors regarding multiple resistance that are still unknown, studies show that it may be mediated by different mechanisms, one of which is closely related to the expression of the clusterin (CLU) protein ( 2, 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Pathogenesis1
- Whether clusterin turns out to be a useful biomarker remains to be seen, but the new data lend credence to the idea that the protein may play some role in AD pathogenesis. (alzforum.org)
Overexpression1
- Suppression of clusterin with antisense oligonucleotide induced growth arrest, whereas transient overexpression of clusterin by cDNA transfection or exogenous treatment with purified clusterin promoted proliferation of the primary astrocytes in culture. (elsevier.com)
Higher clusterin levels1
- According to the findings of a community-based study, in younger patients higher clusterin levels involved a ________ risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and __________ risk of stroke. (mdedge.com)
Recombinant human clusterin3
- This DuoSet ELISA Development kit contains the basic components required for the development of sandwich ELISAs to measure natural and recombinant human Clusterin. (rndsystems.com)
- Lane 2: 50 ng of recombinant human clusterin protein. (biolegend.com)
- Anti-human Clusterin mAb, is derived from hybridization of mouse SP2/O myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with Recombinant human Clusterin amino acids 1-333 purified from E Coli. (mybiosource.com)
Molecular6
- Clusterin is a protein of 449 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52 kD. (biolegend.com)
- Western analysis revealed that two major groups of clusterin exist in the eye, a high molecular weight group (>100 kDa) and a second group consisting of at least five clusterin species that are all approximately 80 kDa. (edu.au)
- Meanwhile, the molecular size of clusterin mRNA detected in the array of tissues are identical in size, suggesting that the nature of the diversity in clusterin forms is due to post-translational modifications. (edu.au)
- Gentaur Molecular :Biovend \ Clusterin Rec. (antibody-antibodies.com)
- Clusterin Canine Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a single, glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 436 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 50.72 kDa. (promab.com)
- Clusterin purified from human platelets had the same molecular weight as plasma clusterin under nonreducing conditions and was composed of two disulfide-linked nonidentical subunits of the same size. (ashpublications.org)
Multifunctional1
- Choi-Miura NH, Oda T: Relationship between multifunctional protein Clusterin and Alzheimer disease. (biovendor.com)
Immunohistochemistry4
- Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated clusterin primarily in tubules in the cortex and medulla. (asnjournals.org)
- In the immunohistochemistry, clusterin protein was detected only immediately after the application of restraint stress. (koreascience.or.kr)
- In the latter study, virtually all neurons were shown to be clusterin-positive by immunohistochemistry . (mussenhealth.us)
- Prostate cancer tissue, lymph nodes, and serial samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed for clusterin expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. (oup.com)
Concentrations5
- Furthermore, the researchers found elevated concentrations of plasma clusterin in AD transgenic mice that overexpress mutated amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1, and higher clusterin mRNA levels in blood cells of AD patients, compared with MCI and control subjects. (alzforum.org)
- In the absence of aggregation, clusterin at concentrations of 20 and 50 μg/ml, but not lower doses, partially protected against injury induced by H 2 O 2 . (elsevier.com)
- In the absence of aggregation, clusterin at concentrations of 20 and 50 μg/ml, but not lower doses, partially protected against injury induced by H2O2. (elsevier.com)
- In this study, we examined the diurnal fluctuations of plasma clusterin concentrations in lean and obese young men . (bvsalud.org)
- Notably, plasma clusterin concentrations displayed a unique ultradian rhythm with five cycles a day in both men and women . (bvsalud.org)
Plasma24
- In the first, Simon Lovestone, King's College London, and colleagues report in this month's Archives of General Psychiatry that plasma levels of clusterin track with AD severity, pathology, and clinical progression. (alzforum.org)
- In the expanded cohort, Lovestone's team found that those with higher plasma clusterin levels had greater atrophy in the entorhinal cortex, more amyloid in the medial temporal lobe, and poorer performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination. (alzforum.org)
- Proteomic analysis of plasma from the REVE-2 study (Remodelage Ventriculaire)-a study dedicated to the analysis of LVR which included 246 patients after a first anterior myocardial infarction-identified increased plasma levels of CLU (clusterin) in patients with high LVR. (nih.gov)
- Plasma clusterin was reported to be associated with brain atrophy, baseline disease severity, and rapid clinical progression in patients with AD. (eur.nl)
- Objective: To evaluate the potential of plasma clusterin as a biomarker of the presence, severity, and risk of AD. (eur.nl)
- Plasma levels of clusterin were measured at baseline (1997-1999) in 60 individuals with prevalent AD, a random subcohort of 926 participants, and an additional 156 participants diagnosed with AD during follow-up until January 1, 2007 (mean [SD], 7.2 [2.years). (eur.nl)
- Conclusion: Plasma clusterin levels were significantly associated with baseline prevalence and severity of AD, but not with incidence of AD. (eur.nl)
- Conclusions Gelsolin, Clusterin and CD5L are potential plasma biomarkers to differentiate the healthy controls, ALS patients with and without CI. (bmj.com)
- Plasma clusterin concentration is associated with longitudinal brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment. (ox.ac.uk)
- Our main aim was to examine associations between plasma clusterin concentration and longitudinal changes in brain volume in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). (ox.ac.uk)
- Clusterin concentration was assayed by ELISA in plasma samples collected within a year of the baseline MRI. (ox.ac.uk)
- Mixed effects regression models investigated whether plasma clusterin concentration was associated with rates of brain atrophy for control and MCI groups and whether these associations differed between groups. (ox.ac.uk)
- In a separate autopsy sample of individuals with AD (N=17) and healthy controls (N=4), we examined the association between antemortem clusterin concentration in plasma and postmortem levels in the superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus and cerebellum. (ox.ac.uk)
- The associations of plasma clusterin concentration with rates of change in brain volume were significantly different between MCI and control groups in several volumes including whole brain, ventricular CSF, temporal gray matter as well as parahippocampal, superior temporal and cingulate gyri. (ox.ac.uk)
- Within the MCI but not control group, higher baseline concentration of plasma clusterin was associated with slower rates of brain atrophy in these regions. (ox.ac.uk)
- In the combined autopsy sample of AD and control cases, representing a range of severity in AD pathology, we observed a significant association between clusterin concentration in the plasma and that in the superior temporal gyrus. (ox.ac.uk)
- Plasma clusterin is one such biomarker showing promise as levels differ between healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. (edu.au)
- An increased percentage methylation at CpG_16 was associated with elevated plasma clusterin (⍴=0.1858, p=0.0034, q=0.0157) within the HC group, which remained as a trend in the HC Aβ+ after FDR correction (β=0.2704, p=0.0043, q=0.0817). (edu.au)
- The investigations presented in this thesis have explored the involvement of clusterin (CLU), a plasma protein, in transthyretin (TTR) and immunoglobulin light chain (LC) forms of systemic amyloidosis. (bu.edu)
- Association of plasma clusterin concentration with severity, pathology, and progression in Alzheimer disease. (ox.ac.uk)
- Increased plasma concentration of clusterin was predictive of greater fibrillar amyloid-beta burden in the medial temporal lobe. (ox.ac.uk)
- APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed increased plasma clusterin, age-dependent increase in brain clusterin, as well as amyloid and clusterin colocalization in plaques. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cyclic fluctuations of plasma clusterin were preserved under fasting and unexpected meal condition, suggesting that rhythmic oscillations in plasma clusterin levels are not generated by meal -related cues . (bvsalud.org)
- These findings firstly demonstrate a novel pattern of plasma clusterin fluctuations with extremely regular cycles. (bvsalud.org)
HUMAN20
- The immunohistochemical distribution of clusterin (SP40,40, SGP-2) was determined in Alzheimer disease (AD) and normal human brain tissue and compared with the distributions of vitronectin, protectin and the complement membrane attack complex (MAC). (nih.gov)
- Human native Clusterin was filtered (0.4µm) and lyophilized from 0.5mg/ml in 0.1M phosphate buffer, 0.15M NaCl pH 7.5. (prospecbio.com)
- Circulating human clusterin exhibited similar associations. (diabetesjournals.org)
- We also showed that in Drosophila photoreceptor cells, clusterin co-expression gave ER stress-dependent protection against proteotoxicity arising from both Huntingtin-Q128 and mutant (R406W) human tau. (edu.au)
- Interestingly, clusterin associates with altered elastic fibers in human photoaged skin and prevents UV-induced elastin aggregation in vitro. (ovid.com)
- In the current communication, we provide data that confirms the expression of clusterin in a number of different human eye tissues and establishes the expression profile of this gene in monkey derived eye tissues. (edu.au)
- The issue that we sought to examine is whether a broad profile of clusterin expression in the eye is consistent in primates (monkey and human). (edu.au)
- Clusterin is expressed in a broad range of eye tissues in both human and monkey, suggesting that this is a characteristic feature in primates. (edu.au)
- Roles of clusterin in progression, chemoresistance and metastasis of human ovarian cancer. (semanticscholar.org)
- Hepatitis delta virus epigenetically enhances clusterin expression via histone acetylation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- Clusterin is overexpressed in human prostate cancer, breast cancers and squamous cell carcinomas. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
- You need info about Human Clusterin (CLU) ELISA Kit or any other Gentaur produtct? (gentaurshop.com)
- We examined the relationship between clusterin and activated complement in human heart infarction and evaluated the effect of this protein on ischemic rat neonatal cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) and isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes as in vitro models of acute myocardial infarction. (vumc.nl)
- Clusterin protects cells by inhibiting complement and colocalizes with complement on jeopardized human cardiomyocytes after infarction. (vumc.nl)
- The distribution of clusterin and complement factor C3d was evaluated in the infarcted human heart. (vumc.nl)
- The binding of endogenous and purified human clusterin on H9c2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. (vumc.nl)
- In human myocardial infarcts, clusterin was found on scattered, morphologically viable cardiomyocytes within the infarcted area that were negative for complement. (vumc.nl)
- To test this hypothesis, a single cell suspension of LLC-PK 1 cells (porcine proximal tubular cell line) treated with albumin (control) was compared to cells aggregated with fibrinogen or purified human clusterin (aggregation graded 0 to 4). (elsevier.com)
- The primary objective of this clinical study was to determine a biologically effective dose of OGX-011 that would inhibit clusterin expression in human cancer. (oup.com)
- Clusterin associated protein 1, also known as CLUAP1, is a human gene. (wikipedia.org)
Prostate cancer1
- The retinoid antagonist MX781 induces clusterin expression in prostate cancer cells via heat shock factor-1 and activator protein-1 transcription factors. (semanticscholar.org)
Role for clusterin4
- A Role for Clusterin in Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma? (ovid.com)
- Although CLU has been considered as a therapeutic target in AD, cancer and dry eye, a role for clusterin in XFS/XFG needs to be better defined before therapeutic approaches involving CLU can be entertained. (ovid.com)
- A direct role for clusterin in programmed cell death in the rat CNS was subsequently disclosed in a study by Garden and coworkers32 using in situ hybridization. (mussenhealth.us)
- Consistent with these data and supportive of a role for clusterin in the maturation of the nervous tissue are the observations made by O'Bryan et al33 during neuronal development in the mouse. (mussenhealth.us)
Effect of clusterin2
- Furthermore, the effect of clusterin on the viability of ischemically challenged H9c2 cells and isolated adult ventricular rat cardiomyocytes was analyzed. (vumc.nl)
- In addition, the protective effect of clusterin is independednt on its receptor megalin, because inhibition of megalin has no effect on clusturin-mediated Akt/GSK-3β phosphoylation and H9c2 cell viability. (elsevier.com)
Found that clusterin1
- In situ hybridization was used to precisely localize clusterin transcripts in articular cartilage, where it was found that clusterin expression was confined to the articular surface in both immature and mature samples. (cf.ac.uk)
Imply that clusterin1
- These results imply that clusterin is a secretory molecule having endocrine and/or paracrine actions in parallel with glucagon. (bioscientifica.com)
Pattern of clusterin1
- The authors examined the pattern of clusterin mRNA expression in the developing rat embryo and found it not to correlate with regions undergoing developmental cell death. (mussenhealth.us)
Function of clusterin2
- A genuine function of clusterin has not been defined. (prospecbio.com)
- However, the physiological function of clusterin in the central nervous system remains largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Involvement of clusterin1
- Involvement of clusterin and the aggresome in abnormal protein deposits in myofibrillar myopathies and inclusion body myositis. (semanticscholar.org)
Distribution of clusterin1
- Distribution of clusterin in Alzheimer brain tissue. (nih.gov)
Concentration of clusterin2
- A secondary objective was to examine associations between peripheral concentration of clusterin and its concentration in the brain within regions that undergo neuropathological changes in AD. (ox.ac.uk)
- Furthermore, peripheral concentration of clusterin also appears to reflect its concentration within brain regions vulnerable to AD pathology. (ox.ac.uk)
Levels7
- Resistant cells were characterised by higher levels of cytoplasmic clusterin than sensitive cells, and antiestrogen treatments up-regulated clusterin levels in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
- We therefore concluded that: i) basal clusterin levels are higher in antiestrogen resistant cells, ii) clusterin is up-regulated following antiestrogen treatment independently of the sensitivity of the cell line, iii) down-regulation of cytoplasmic clusterin restores sensitivity to toremifene in the antiestrogen-resistant cell line. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Likewise, none of the PCNA or vimentin-positive cells expressed clusterin at detectable levels. (jci.org)
- In this study the association of the AD clusterin common risk polymorphism rs9331888 with blood clusterin levels was tested in 104 AD subjects and 104 healthy controls. (cdc.gov)
- This study indicates that the rs9331888 AD-risk variant is associated with low blood clusterin levels. (cdc.gov)
- Experimental and clinical studies have associated elevated clusterin (CLU) levels with development of treatment resistance in prostate, lung, breast, ovarian, and other cancers ( 7-12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- During the light -on period, circulating clusterin levels showed fluctuating curves with 4 hours regular intervals with sharp peaks and troughs. (bvsalud.org)
