AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Clostridium cellulolyticumClostridiumCelluloseCellulaseCellulosomesCellobioseCellulasesBiomassClostridium difficileFermentationClostridium InfectionsClostridium acetobutylicumCulture MediaBacterial ProteinsClostridium botulinumMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceCarboxymethylcellulose SodiumKineticsLibraries, DigitalJob SatisfactionKansasSelf ConceptStress, PsychologicalQuestionnairesProfessional AutonomyPeriodicals as TopicAccess to InformationJournal Impact FactorBibliometricsPublishingPeer Review, ResearchAlgorithmsHydrogenaseClostridium thermocellumHydrogenGlucoseCrystallizationCrystallography, X-RayX-Ray DiffractionColicinsRibosome Inactivating ProteinsRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2Encyclopedias as TopicPolysaccharidesGlucansPolysaccharides, Bacterial
Clostridium cellulolyticum
A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is a cellulolytic, mesophilic species isolated from decayed GRASS.
Clostridium
A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.
Cellulose
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Cellulase
An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.
Cellulosomes
Extracellular structures found in a variety of microorganisms. They contain CELLULASES and play an important role in the digestion of CELLULOSE.
Cellobiose
A disaccharide consisting of two glucose units in beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage. Obtained from the partial hydrolysis of cellulose.
Cellulases
A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.
Biomass
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
Clostridium difficile
A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.
Fermentation
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.
Clostridium acetobutylicum
A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, used for the industrial production of SOLVENTS.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Clostridium botulinum
A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Libraries, Digital
Libraries in which a major proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format, rather than on paper or MICROFORM.
Job Satisfaction
Personal satisfaction relative to the work situation.
Kansas
Self Concept
A person's view of himself.
Stress, Psychological
Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.
Questionnaires
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
Professional Autonomy
The quality or state of being independent and self-directing, especially in making decisions, enabling professionals to exercise judgment as they see fit during the performance of their jobs.
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
Access to Information
Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.
Journal Impact Factor
A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.
Bibliometrics
The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. Formerly called statistical bibliography. (from The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Publishing
"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.
Peer Review, Research
The evaluation by experts of the quality and pertinence of research or research proposals of other experts in the same field. Peer review is used by editors in deciding which submissions warrant publication, by granting agencies to determine which proposals should be funded, and by academic institutions in tenure decisions.
Algorithms
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Hydrogenase
An enzyme found in bacteria. It catalyzes the reduction of FERREDOXIN and other substances in the presence of molecular hydrogen and is involved in the electron transport of bacterial photosynthesis.
Clostridium thermocellum
A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME.
Hydrogen
The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.
Glucose
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.
Crystallization
The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Crystallography, X-Ray
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Colicins
Bacteriocins elaborated by strains of Escherichia coli and related species. They are proteins or protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes lethal to other strains of the same species.
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins
N-Glycosidases that remove adenines from RIBOSOMAL RNA, depurinating the conserved alpha-sarcin loop of 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA. They often consist of a toxic A subunit and a binding lectin B subunit. They may be considered as PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS. They are found in many PLANTS and have cytotoxic and antiviral activity.
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1
Ribosome inactivating proteins consisting of only the toxic A subunit, which is a polypeptide of around 30 kDa.
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
Ribosome inactivating proteins consisting of two polypeptide chains, the toxic A subunit and a lectin B subunit, linked by disulfide bridges. The lectin portion binds to cell surfaces and facilitates transport into the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Polysaccharides
Glucans
Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.
Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Structural insights into the mechanism of formation of cellulosomes probed by small angle X-ray scattering. (1/23)

Exploring the mechanism by which the multiprotein complexes of cellulolytic organisms, the cellulosomes, attain their exceptional synergy is a challenge for biologists. We have studied the solution structures of the Clostridium cellulolyticum cellulosomal enzyme Cel48F in the free and complexed states with cohesins from Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium cellulolyticum by small angle x-ray scattering in order to investigate the conformational events likely to occur upon complexation. The solution structure of the free cellulase indicates that the dockerin module is folded, whereas the linker connecting the catalytic module to the dockerin is extended and flexible. Remarkably, the docking of the different cohesins onto Cel48F leads to a pleating of the linker. The global structure determined here allowed modeling of the atomic structure of the C. cellulolyticum dockerin-cohesin interface, highlighting the local differences between both organisms responsible for the species specificity.  (+info)

Action of designer cellulosomes on homogeneous versus complex substrates: controlled incorporation of three distinct enzymes into a defined trifunctional scaffoldin. (2/23)

In recent work, we reported the self-assembly of a comprehensive set of defined "bifunctional" chimeric cellulosomes. Each complex contained the following: (i) a chimeric scaffoldin possessing a cellulose-binding module and two cohesins of divergent specificity and (ii) two cellulases, each bearing a dockerin complementary to one of the divergent cohesins. This approach allowed the controlled integration of desired enzymes into a multiprotein complex of predetermined stoichiometry and topology. The observed enhanced synergy on recalcitrant substrates by the bifunctional designer cellulosomes was ascribed to two major factors: substrate targeting and proximity of the two catalytic components. In the present work, the capacity of the previously described chimeric cellulosomes was amplified by developing a third divergent cohesin-dockerin device. The resultant trifunctional designer cellulosomes were assayed on homogeneous and complex substrates (microcrystalline cellulose and straw, respectively) and found to be considerably more active than the corresponding free enzyme or bifunctional systems. The results indicate that the synergy between two prominent cellulosomal enzymes (from the family-48 and -9 glycoside hydrolases) plays a crucial role during the degradation of cellulose by cellulosomes and that one dominant family-48 processive endoglucanase per complex is sufficient to achieve optimal levels of synergistic activity. Furthermore cooperation within a cellulosome chimera between cellulases and a hemicellulase from different microorganisms was achieved, leading to a trifunctional complex with enhanced activity on a complex substrate.  (+info)

Molecular cloning and transcriptional and expression analysis of engO, encoding a new noncellulosomal family 9 enzyme, from Clostridium cellulovorans. (3/23)

Clostridium cellulovorans produces a major noncellulosomal family 9 endoglucanase EngO. A genomic DNA fragment (40 kb) containing engO and neighboring genes was cloned. The nucleotide sequence contained reading frames for endoglucanase EngO, a putative response regulator, and a putative sensor histidine kinase protein. The engO gene consists of 2,172 bp and encodes a protein of 724 amino acids with a molecular weight of 79,474. Northern hybridizations revealed that the engO gene is transcribed as a monocistronic 2.6-kb mRNA. 5' RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) PCR analysis indicated that the single transcriptional start site of engO was located 264 bp upstream from the first nucleotide of the translation initiation codon. Alignment of the engO promoter region provided evidence for highly conserved sequences that exhibited strong similarity to the sigma(A) consensus promoter sequences of gram-positive bacteria. EngO contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide of 28 amino acid residues, followed by a 149-amino-acid sequence which is homologous to the family 4-9 carbohydrate-binding domain. Downstream of this domain was an immunoglobulin-like domain of 89 amino acids. The C terminus contains a family 9 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolase. Mass spectrometry analysis of EngO was in agreement with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence. Expression of engO mRNA increased from early to middle exponential phase and decreased during the early stationary phase. EngO was highly active toward carboxymethyl cellulose but showed no activity towards xylan. It was optimally active at 40 to 50 degrees C and pH 5 to 6. The analysis of the products from the cellulose hydrolysis through thin-layer chromatography indicated its endoglucanase activity.  (+info)

Structural basis of cellulosome efficiency explored by small angle X-ray scattering. (4/23)

Cellulose, the main structural component of plant cell walls, is the most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature. To break down plant cell walls, anaerobic microorganisms have evolved a large extracellular enzyme complex termed cellulosome. This megadalton catalytic machinery organizes an enzymatic assembly, tenaciously bound to a scaffolding protein via specialized intermodular "cohesin-dockerin" interactions that serve to enhance synergistic activity among the different catalytic subunits. Here, we report the solution structure properties of cellulosome-like assemblies analyzed by small angle x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics. The atomic models, generated by our strategy for the free chimeric scaffoldin and for binary and ternary complexes, reveal the existence of various conformations due to intrinsic structural flexibility with no, or only coincidental, inter-cohesin interactions. These results provide primary evidence concerning the mechanisms by which these protein assemblies attain their remarkable synergy. The data suggest that the motional freedom of the scaffoldin allows precise positioning of the complexed enzymes according to the topography of the substrate, whereas short-scale motions permitted by residual flexibility of the enzyme linkers allow "fine-tuning" of individual catalytic domains.  (+info)

Transcriptional analysis of the cip-cel gene cluster from Clostridium cellulolyticum. (5/23)

Twelve genes encoding key components of Clostridium cellulolyticum cellulosomes are clustered. Among them, the first, second, and fifth genes encode the assembly factor CipC and the two major cellulases Cel48F and Cel9E, respectively. Cellulolytic clones were selected from the noncellulolytic cipC insertional mutant trans-complemented with a cipC expression vector, in which one homologous recombination event between the 3' end of the chromosomal cipC gene and the plasmidic cipC gene has restored the cluster continuity. The absence of the enzymes encoded by the cluster in the cipC mutant was thus only due to a strong polar effect, indicating that all genes were transcriptionally linked. Two large transcripts were detected in cellulose-grown cells by Northern hybridization: a 14-kb messenger which carries the cipC-cel48F-cel8C-cel9G-cel9E coding sequences and, in a smaller amount, a 12-kb messenger which carries the genes located in the 3' part of the cluster. Four smaller transcripts were found in large amounts: a cipC-cel48F bicistronic one and three monocistronic ones, cipC, cel48F, and cel9E. The cipC-cel48F and cel48F messengers were shown to be stable. Analysis by reverse transcription-PCR suggested transcriptional linkage of all of the open reading frames. The production of a primary very large transcript covering the entire cluster was hypothesized. Primer extension analysis has identified two putative transcriptional start sites located 638/637 and 194 nucleotides upstream of the cipC translational start. The processing of the primary transcript would lead to the production of several secondary messengers displaying different stabilities, contributing to fine tuning of expression of individual genes of the operon.  (+info)

Enzyme diversity of the cellulolytic system produced by Clostridium cellulolyticum explored by two-dimensional analysis: identification of seven genes encoding new dockerin-containing proteins. (6/23)

The enzyme diversity of the cellulolytic system produced by Clostridium cellulolyticum grown on crystalline cellulose as a sole carbon and energy source was explored by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The cellulolytic system of C. cellulolyticum is composed of at least 30 dockerin-containing proteins (designated cellulosomal proteins) and 30 noncellulosomal components. Most of the known cellulosomal proteins, including CipC, Cel48F, Cel8C, Cel9G, Cel9E, Man5K, Cel9M, and Cel5A, were identified by using two-dimensional Western blot analysis with specific antibodies, whereas Cel5N, Cel9J, and Cel44O were identified by using N-terminal sequencing. Unknown enzymes having carboxymethyl cellulase or xylanase activities were detected by zymogram analysis of two-dimensional gels. Some of these enzymes were identified by N-terminal sequencing as homologs of proteins listed in the NCBI database. Using Trap-Dock PCR and DNA walking, seven genes encoding new dockerin-containing proteins were cloned and sequenced. Some of these genes are clustered. Enzymes encoded by these genes belong to glycoside hydrolase families GH2, GH9, GH10, GH26, GH27, and GH59. Except for members of family GH9, which contains only cellulases, the new modular glycoside hydrolases discovered in this work could be involved in the degradation of different hemicellulosic substrates, such as xylan or galactomannan.  (+info)

Incorporation of fungal cellulases in bacterial minicellulosomes yields viable, synergistically acting cellulolytic complexes. (7/23)

Artificial designer minicellulosomes comprise a chimeric scaffoldin that displays an optional cellulose-binding module (CBM) and bacterial cohesins from divergent species which bind strongly to enzymes engineered to bear complementary dockerins. Incorporation of cellulosomal cellulases from Clostridium cellulolyticum into minicellulosomes leads to artificial complexes with enhanced activity on crystalline cellulose, due to enzyme proximity and substrate targeting induced by the scaffoldin-borne CBM. In the present study, a bacterial dockerin was appended to the family 6 fungal cellulase Cel6A, produced by Neocallimastix patriciarum, for subsequent incorporation into minicellulosomes in combination with various cellulosomal cellulases from C. cellulolyticum. The binding of the fungal Cel6A with a bacterial family 5 endoglucanase onto chimeric miniscaffoldins had no impact on their activity toward crystalline cellulose. Replacement of the bacterial family 5 enzyme with homologous endoglucanase Cel5D from N. patriciarum bearing a clostridial dockerin gave similar results. In contrast, enzyme pairs comprising the fungal Cel6A and bacterial family 9 endoglucanases were substantially stimulated (up to 2.6-fold) by complexation on chimeric scaffoldins, compared to the free-enzyme system. Incorporation of enzyme pairs including Cel6A and a processive bacterial cellulase generally induced lower stimulation levels. Enhanced activity on crystalline cellulose appeared to result from either proximity or CBM effects alone but never from both simultaneously, unlike minicellulosomes composed exclusively of bacterial cellulases. The present study is the first demonstration that viable designer minicellulosomes can be produced that include (i) free (noncellulosomal) enzymes, (ii) fungal enzymes combined with bacterial enzymes, and (iii) a type (family 6) of cellulase never known to occur in natural cellulosomes.  (+info)

Evolution of acetoclastic methanogenesis in Methanosarcina via horizontal gene transfer from cellulolytic Clostridia. (8/23)

Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two genes required for acetoclastic methanogenesis, ackA and pta, were horizontally transferred to the ancestor of Methanosarcina from a derived cellulolytic organism in the class Clostridia. This event likely occurred within the last 475 million years, causing profound changes in planetary methane biogeochemistry.  (+info)

Combining free and aggregated cellulolytic systems in the cellulosome-producing bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum |...Combining free and aggregated cellulolytic systems in the cellulosome-producing bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum |...
Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum and Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans (formerly known as Clostridium cellulolyticum and Clostridium phytofermentans, respectively) are anaerobic bacteria that developed different strategies to depolymerize the cellulose and the related plant cell wall polysaccharides. Thus, R. cellulolyticum produces large extracellular multi-enzyme complexes termed cellulosomes, while L. phytofermentans secretes in the environment some cellulose-degrading enzymes as free enzymes. In the present study, the major cellulase from L. phytofermentans was introduced as a free enzyme or as a cellulosomal component in R. cellulolyticum to improve its cellulolytic capacities. The gene at locus Cphy_3367 encoding the major cellulase Cel9A from L. phytofermentans and an engineered gene coding for a modified enzyme harboring a R. cellulolyticum C-terminal dockerin were cloned in an expression vector. After electrotransformation of R. cellulolyticum, both forms of Cel9A
https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-015-0301-4
Regulation of cel genes of C. cellulolyticum: identification of GlyR2, a transcriptional regulator regulating cel5D gene...Regulation of cel genes of C. cellulolyticum: identification of GlyR2, a transcriptional regulator regulating cel5D gene...
Transcription and expression regulation of some individual cel genes (cel5A, cel5I, cel5D and cel44O) of Clostridium cellulolyticum were investigated. Unlike the cip-cel operon, these genes are transcribed as monocistronic units of transcription, except cel5D. The location of the transcription initiation sites was determined using RT-PCR and the mRNA 5′-end extremities were detected using primer extension experiments. Similarly to the cip-cel operon, cel5A and cel5I expressions are regulated by a carbon catabolite repression mechanism, whereas cel44O and cel5D expressions do not seem to be submitted to this regulation. The role of the putative transcriptional regulator GlyR2 in the regulation of cel5D expression was investigated. The recombinant protein GlyR2 was produced and was shown to bind in vitro to the cel5D and glyR2 promoter regions, suggesting that besides regulating its own expression, GlyR2 may regulate cel5D expression. To test this hypothesis in vivo, an insertional glyR2 mutant ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2226/
Cellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.4) - Creative EnzymesCellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.4) - Creative Enzymes
Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related pol
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Cellulase-9A-From-Clostridium-Cellulolyticum-Recombinant_3540.html
Sequence Similarity - 1G9J: X-TAL STRUCTURE OF THE MUTANT E44Q OF THE CELLULASE CEL48F IN COMPLEX WITH A...Sequence Similarity - 1G9J: X-TAL STRUCTURE OF THE MUTANT E44Q OF THE CELLULASE CEL48F IN COMPLEX WITH A...
1G9J: Structures of mutants of cellulase Cel48F of Clostridium cellulolyticum in complex with long hemithiocellooligosaccharides give rise to a new view of the substrate pathway during processive action
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/sequenceCluster.do?structureId=1G9J
Glycoside Hydrolase Family 48 - CAZypediaGlycoside Hydrolase Family 48 - CAZypedia
The crystal structure of Cel48F, a cellulosome component of C. cellulolyticum, revealed the active center at the junction of the cleft and tunnel regions, where Glu55 is the proposed proton donor in the cleavage reaction, and the corresponding base was initially proposed to be either Glu44 or Asp230 [8]. The structure of the catalytic module of Cel48S of C. thermocellum showed a similar tunnel-shaped substrate-binding region formed by the alpha helices in the protein. The hydrolysis of the cellulose chain in Cel48S appeared to involve Glu87 (the equivalent of Glu55 in C. cellulolyticum Cel48F) as an acid to protonate the glycosidic oxygen atom and Tyr351 as a base to extract a proton from the nucleophilic water molecule that attacks the anomeric carbon atom. More recent studies of Cel48F failed to unambiguously identity the catalytic base in the cleavage reaction [7]. A recent experimental study in Thermobifida fusca Cel48A confirmed that aspartic acid (Asp225) is the catalytic base in family 48 ...
https://www.cazypedia.org/index.php/Glycoside_Hydrolase_Family_48
Eliminating the isoleucine biosynthetic pathway to reduce competitive carbon outflow during isobutanol production by...Eliminating the isoleucine biosynthetic pathway to reduce competitive carbon outflow during isobutanol production by...
The rise in oil prices and environmental concerns has heightened interest in the microbial production of fuels and chemicals from sugar feedstocks produced from renewable biomass. Branched higher alcohols are both representative promising next-generation biofuels and building blocks for producing a variety of chemicals [1,2]. In particular, isobutanol can be used as a fuel, fuel additive, and a commodity chemical, and thus is an important biorefinery target alcohol. Furthermore, isobutanol has attractive properties, including lower toxicity and higher octane value than its straight-chain counterpart [3].. Metabolically engineered microbial strains for producing isobutanol have been developed by introducing parts of the Ehrlich pathway into bacterial hosts such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Clostridium cellulolyticum, and Bacillus subtilis [3-8]. In these recombinant strains, an intermediate of valine biosynthesis, 2-ketoisovalerate, is converted into isobutanol through ...
https://microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12934-015-0240-6
Engo Blister Prevention Patches Six PackEngo Blister Prevention Patches Six Pack
The Engo Blister Prevention Patches Six Pack (4 Large and 2 Small Ovals) Engo blister prevention patches are applied directly to shoes
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Engo blister patches - effective, reusable blister prevention and reliefEngo blister patches - effective, reusable blister prevention and relief
engo blister patches offer guaranteed blister prevention, long lasting durable patches also offer effective blister pain relief, buy blister prevention online.
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ENGO Blister Patches Combo Pack | Blister PreventionENGO Blister Patches Combo Pack | Blister Prevention
The ENGO Blister Patches Combo Pack comes with a combination of all four patch shapes. Suitable for all areas of your shoes, insoles and orthotics.
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Featured Articles - Blister PreventionFeatured Articles - Blister Prevention
Our blister prevention message and ENGO has been featured here and there. Here are some of Rebeccas guest posts and articles.
https://www.blisterprevention.com.au/featured-articles
Sell ENGO in Your Podiatry Clinic | ENGO Blister PatchesSell ENGO in Your Podiatry Clinic | ENGO Blister Patches
Even with 10-year old boots, I was still getting heal blisters after a few thousand feet of gain. I tried moleskin, one sock, two socks, knee-highs under socks, special cross lacing, nothing helped. I put ENGO in the heels of my boots with two pairs of socks, and hiked the entire 212-mile John Muir Trail without a single blister. Im now a complete believer that preventing sweaty sock stick to the boot (or foot) is the key ...
https://goengo.com/sell-engo/podiatry/
Expression of Recombinant Cellulase Cel5A from Trichoderma reesei in Tobacco Plants | ProtocolExpression of Recombinant Cellulase Cel5A from Trichoderma reesei in Tobacco Plants | Protocol
Tobacco plants were used to produce a fungal cellulase, TrCel5A, via a transient expression system. The expression could be monitored...
https://www.jove.com/video/51711/expression-recombinant-cellulase-cel5a-from-trichoderma-reesei
KGI | Academic Affairs | Course Catalog | ALS 420: Fundamentals of Microbial BioprocessingKGI | Academic Affairs | Course Catalog | ALS 420: Fundamentals of Microbial Bioprocessing
Bioprocessing is a technology used in a variety of industries. This course will provide an overview of various industrial uses of microbial bioprocessing. The course will present bioprocessing in industries ranging from the food and pharmaceutical industries to the chemical and green-tech industries. The course is designed to teach students the basic fundamentals of a bioprocess and what they need to know about the similarities and the unique aspects of bioprocessing in each industry covered.. Prerequisites. None. Learning Objectives. ...
http://www.kgi.edu/current-students/academic-affairs/course-catalog/als-420
Frost.com | Industrial Bioprocessing TechVision Opportunity EngineFrost.com | Industrial Bioprocessing TechVision Opportunity Engine
Industrial Bioprocessing provides you with the latest intelligence in the industrial bioprocessing field, including new processes to develop specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, alternative fuels, and chemical feedstocks. Each week, Industrial Bioprocessing presents you with the latest news on R&D, new business ventures, mergers and acquisitions, as well as marketing and sales initiatives.
http://www.frost.com/c/10024/sublib/subscription-index.do?pageSize=10&subscriptionId=D763&bdata=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5mcm9zdC5jb20vYy8xMDAyNC9zdWJsaWIvY2F0ZWdvcnktaW5kZXguZG8%2FYW5jaG9yPUQ3NzMmY2F0ZWdvcnk9dGVjaG5vbG9neUB%2BQFRlY2hub2xvZ3kgUmVzZWFyY2hAfkAxNTEwMzYzMTQ2NjEw&page=13
Fujifilm establishes center of excellence in bioprocessingFujifilm establishes center of excellence in bioprocessing
Fujifilm Diosynth announces the inception of its FDB center of excellence in bioprocessing 2.0 to extend its bioprocessing innovations with a network of researchers.
https://www.biopharma-reporter.com/Article/2019/02/06/Fujifilm-establishes-center-of-excellence-in-bioprocessing
Science Researcher Update | bioprocessingScience Researcher Update | bioprocessing
bioprocessing | Scientific research info incl meetings, conferences, seminars, symposia,tradeshows,jobs,jobfairs, professional tips and more.
http://info.biotech-calendar.com/science-researcher-update/topic/bioprocessing
Building the Ideal Bioprocessing StrategyBuilding the Ideal Bioprocessing Strategy
Better bioprocessing isnt just about biologic output. Its also about saving time and reducing costs. To sustain biopharma growth, be sure to balance upstream, downstream, and moneystream variables.
https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/building-the-ideal-bioprocessing-strategy/
Chromatography Resins And Continuous BioprocessingChromatography Resins And Continuous Bioprocessing
In this video Bio-Rad's Process Chromatography Consultant, Jim Sulzberger speaks about continuous bioprocessing and chromatography resins.
https://www.bioprocessonline.com/doc/chromatography-resins-and-continuous-bioprocessing-0001
LetsGoPens.com • View topic - Official GDT: Game 25 Pittsburgh Penguins vs. Toronto - 3/9LetsGoPens.com • View topic - Official GDT: Game 25 Pittsburgh Penguins vs. Toronto - 3/9
farnham wrote the snapshot wrote farnham wrote you get a great slow mo look at it you mean at fleury squirtiing it through his armpit no the part where it clearly shows engo moving at the last second when if he just would have stood still he would have blocked the shot also the part where it shows maf moving around before the shot trying to get a view of it im with you engos fault
http://www.letsgopens.com/scripts/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=2338767
Cell Culture and BioprocessingCell Culture and Bioprocessing
Explore Latest Updates on Cell Therapy Conference and Gene Therapy Conferences happening in Asia, Australia, Europe, USA, Canada and Japan in 2018
https://cellgenetherapy.conferenceseries.com/events-list/cell-culture-and-bioprocessing
Applicability of process analytical tools to bioprocessing trendsApplicability of process analytical tools to bioprocessing trends
The PAT initiative encourages the development of improved process monitoring technology in the manufacturing environment, says Payal Roychoudhury...
https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/article/33025/pat-series-applicability-of-process-analytical-tools-to-bioprocessing-trends/
The enzyme diversity from the cellulolytic system produced by grown on - bcl-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosisThe enzyme diversity from the cellulolytic system produced by grown on - bcl-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis
The enzyme diversity from the cellulolytic system produced by grown on crystalline cellulose like a sole carbon and energy source was explored by two-dimensional electrophoresis. proteins outlined in the NCBI database. Using Trap-Dock PCR and DNA walking, seven genes encoding new dockerin-containing proteins were cloned and sequenced. Some of these genes are clustered. Enzymes encoded by these genes belong to glycoside hydrolase family members GH2, GH9, GH10, GH26, GH27, and GH59. Except for members of family GH9, which consists of only cellulases, the new modular glycoside hydrolases found out in this work could be involved in the degradation of different hemicellulosic substrates, such as xylan or galactomannan. Cellulose, a long polymer of -1,4-glucose, is the major component of the herb cell wall (39). Cellulolytic bacteria and fungi secrete many different types of cellulases to catalyze efficient degradation of this recalcitrant substrate. Many cellulolytic, anaerobic microorganisms secrete ...
http://www.informationalwebs.com/2017/10/01/the-enzyme-diversity-from-the-cellulolytic-system-produced-by-grown-on/
Bioprocessing Piping And Equipment Design A Companion Guide For The Asme Bpe StandardBioprocessing Piping And Equipment Design A Companion Guide For The Asme Bpe Standard
bioprocessing can Look blown to use the ware of opportunities in every field. rights are digital that try intellectual that the bodies say single bioprocessing at the long-term change and at the necessary Antichrist. Market Basket AnalysisMarket bioprocessing piping and equipment design a companion guide regard proves a counterfeiting reclamation specialised upon a arbitration that if you are a s committee of Inventors you do more much to email another process of students.
http://refasteners.com/concrete/themes/dashboard/freebook.php?q=bioprocessing-piping-and-equipment-design-a-companion-guide-for-the-asme-bpe-standard/
The Myopic Ramblings of Talking Fish. ENGO Year in Review - 2013 - fisherynation.comThe Myopic Ramblings of Talking Fish. ENGO Year in Review - 2013 - fisherynation.com
NILS STOLPE: The New England groundfish debacle (Part IV): Is cutting back harvest really the answer?. While its a fact thats hardly ever acknowledged, the assumption in fisheries management is that if the population of a stock of fish isnt at some arbitrary level, its because of too much fishing. Hence the term overfished. Hence the mandated knee jerk reaction of the fisheries managers to not enough fish; cut back on fishing. What of other factors? They dont count. Its all about fishing, because fishing is all that the managers can control; its their Maslows Hammer. When it comes to the oceans it seems as if its about all that the industry connected mega-foundations that support the anti-fishing ENGOs with hundreds of millions of dollars a year in donations are interested in controlling. Read the article here. ...
http://fisherynation.com/archives/18668
VacciXcell | Adherent BioProcessing SpecialistsVacciXcell | Adherent BioProcessing Specialists
Vaccixcell is the bioprocessing division of Esco Group of Companies that specializes in marketing and manufacturing bioprocessing equipment for adherent cell culture. VacciXcells core technology, the tide motion system, is an ideal platform to provide solutions from Discovery to Delivery in the healthcare industry
http://www.vaccixcell.com/applications/
Detection and Quantification of Host Cell Proteins in BioprocessingDetection and Quantification of Host Cell Proteins in Bioprocessing
Technology Networks is an internationally recognised publisher that provides access to the latest scientific news, products, research, videos and posters.
https://www.technologynetworks.com/tn/product-news/detection-and-quantification-of-host-cell-proteins-in-bioprocessing-217302
Agilent Technologies, University of Rouen and A*STARs Bioprocessing Technology Institute Collaborate | Technology NetworksAgilent Technologies, University of Rouen and A*STARs Bioprocessing Technology Institute Collaborate | Technology Networks
Technology Networks is an internationally recognised publisher that provides access to the latest scientific news, products, research, videos and posters.
https://www.technologynetworks.com/biopharma/news/agilent-technologies-university-of-rouen-and-astars-bioprocessing-technology-institute-collaborate-185727
The Bioprocessing Summit | CapsugelThe Bioprocessing Summit | Capsugel
We use cookies on Capsugel.com. Cookies allow us to give you the best browsing experience and helps us to understand how you use our site. You can disable cookies but parts of our site will not work. Please read our Cookie Policy for information about which cookies we use and the information we collect. By continuing to use this site, you agree that we may store and access cookies on your device ...
https://www.capsugel.com/events/the-bioprocessing-summit
LAB CHEMICALS - BIOPROCESSING RAW MATERIALS - FERMENTATION - CULTURE MEDIA - Advance Scientific & ChemicalLAB CHEMICALS - BIOPROCESSING RAW MATERIALS - FERMENTATION - CULTURE MEDIA - Advance Scientific & Chemical
Buy Chemicals Online. We carry Chemicals in multiple package sizes, purities and grades for a wide variety of applications. Serving our customers for over 25 years, nationwide and worldwide.
https://advance-scientific.com/categories/fine-chemicals/bioprocessing-raw-materials/fermentation/culture-media.html
RCSB PDB - 1EGZ: CELLULASE CEL5 FROM ERWINIA CHRYSANTHEMI, A FAMILY GH 5-2 ENZYME Structure Summary PageRCSB PDB - 1EGZ: CELLULASE CEL5 FROM ERWINIA CHRYSANTHEMI, A FAMILY GH 5-2 ENZYME Structure Summary Page
1EGZ: Type II protein secretion in gram-negative pathogenic bacteria: the study of the structure/secretion relationships of the cellulase Cel5 (formerly EGZ) from Erwinia chrysanthemi
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1EGZ
Converting innovation to standardization in bioprocessing | Cell Culture USA 2017Converting innovation to standardization in bioprocessing | Cell Culture USA 2017
Cell Culture World Congress USA connects pharma, biotech, and CMOS to provide new content on process development for cell-culture specific scientists.
http://www.terrapinn.com/conference/cell-culture-world-congress-usa/
Ruminating on Bioprocessing 4.0Ruminating on Bioprocessing 4.0
Unresolved security issues could seriously affect a companys data in a regulated environment, so iron-clad anti-hacking protection needs to be in place. Unfortunately, cyber security is not yet a top focus for the bioindustry.
https://www.genengnews.com/topics/bioprocessing/ruminating-on-bioprocessing-4-0/
News | Esco VacciXcellNews | Esco VacciXcell
Vaccixcell is the bioprocessing division of Esco Group of Companies that specializes in marketing and manufacturing bioprocessing equipment for adherent cell cu
https://escovaccixcell.com/news?event=46
STD FLEXSAFE® 50L (PLUG,LT/PLUG) | SartoriusSTD FLEXSAFE® 50L (PLUG,LT/PLUG) | Sartorius
Proven Flexsafe® 2D Pre-Designed Solutions (PDS) have been designed for all bioprocessing fluids storage or sampling like media, buffer, harvest &
https://www.sartorius.com/shop/ww/en/usd/products-bioprocess-single-use-bioprocess-bags/std-flexsafe%C2%AE-50l-%28plug%2Clt-plug%29/p/FLS130190
The quest for efficiency-moving toward continuous processing | WMFTG NZThe quest for efficiency-moving toward continuous processing | WMFTG NZ
The latest whitepaper presented by the National Institute of Bioprocessing Research and Training and WMFTG, exploring the advantages of continuous processing in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
https://www.watson-marlow.com/nz-en/news/insights/continuous-processing/
Biological Engineering (BS): Bioprocessing Engineering (11BEBS-11BEBEP)Biological Engineering (BS): Bioprocessing Engineering (11BEBS-11BEBEP)
Choose from the University approved GEP U.S. Diversity course list or choose a course identified on the approved GEP course lists as meeting the U.S. Diversity (USD) co-requisite. The following course(s) completed as part of the Major requirements may fulfill this requirement: None ...
https://oucc.dasa.ncsu.edu/cals-11bebs-11bebep-2176/
Forschungszentrum Jülich - IBG-1 - Publikationen 2014Forschungszentrum Jülich - IBG-1 - Publikationen 2014
Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity Bioproducts / Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014, ; ISSN: ; ISBN: 9781118175835 ; doi:10.1002/9781118845394 Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 437-474 (2014) [10.1002/9781118845394.ch16] BibTeX , EndNote: XML, Text , RIS Contribution to a book ...
http://www.fz-juelich.de/ibg/ibg-1/DE/Forschung/Publikationen/2014/_node.html
Cell Series UK Virtual Event | MediaCell Series UK Virtual Event | Media
Our Cell Series hub offer a variety of content on cell culture, cell & gene therapy, regenerative medicine, bioprocessing via Q&As, Industry & Market Reports and more..
https://www.oxfordglobal.co.uk/cell-series-uk-virtual/media/
Bioprocessing / Fermentation (Target Discovery) > Bioprocessing Research Services Laboratory Product Directory and Equipment...Bioprocessing / Fermentation (Target Discovery) > Bioprocessing Research Services Laboratory Product Directory and Equipment...
Read reviews and compare manufacturers of Bioprocessing / Fermentation (Target Discovery) > Bioprocessing Research Services products in the SelectScience products and suppliers directory
http://www.selectscience.net/bioprocessing/product-directory/reference-materials+research-services/?catID=3885
Researchers report a novel approach to cellulose hydrolysis | Biomassmagazine.comResearchers report a novel approach to cellulose hydrolysis | Biomassmagazine.com
A novel approach to cellulose hydrolysis using a consortium of motile bacteria moving on solid surfaces and carrying microbial luggage, another bacteria that can efficiently hydrolyze cellulose, was demonstrated by the group of researchers.
http://biomassmagazine.com/articles/12268/researchers-report-a-novel-approach-to-cellulose-hydrolysis
INSIGHTS on Biopharmaceuticals: Single-Use Bioprocessing | Lab ManagerINSIGHTS on Biopharmaceuticals: Single-Use Bioprocessing | Lab Manager
The most significant equipment-related trend in bioprocessing over the past 15 years has been the replacement of reusable glass and steel
https://www.labmanager.com/insights/2015/10/insights-on-biopharmaceuticals-single-use-bioprocessing
Pall Debuts New Inline Diafiltration Modules for Continuous Bioprocessing | BioPharm InternationalPall Debuts New Inline Diafiltration Modules for Continuous Bioprocessing | BioPharm International
The companys new modules offer scalable single-pass diafiltration and were exclusively showcased during its Leadership Forum series in Westborough, MA.
https://www.biopharminternational.com/view/pall-debuts-new-inline-diafiltration-modules-continuous-bioprocessing-0
Selected Publications | Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing | The University of IowaSelected Publications | Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing | The University of Iowa
Science, 2016, 351, 507-510 An unprecedented mechanism of nucleotide methylation in organisms containing thyX Tatiana V. Mishanina,1 Liping Yu,2Kalani Karunaratne,1 Dibyendu Mondal,1 John M. Corcoran,1Michael A. Choi,1Amnon Kohen1† 1Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242, USA.
https://cbb.research.uiowa.edu/selected-publications
Microsaic Systems to integrate mass spectrometry tech into bioprocessingMicrosaic Systems to integrate mass spectrometry tech into bioprocessing
UK-based MS instrument provider has partnered with the CPI to directly interface its mass spectrometer with a bioreactor for real-time monitoring
https://www.manufacturingchemist.com/news/article_page/Microsaic_Systems_to_integrate_mass_spectrometry_tech_into_bioprocessing/160944
Technology Adoption / Scale-up | Esco VacciXcellTechnology Adoption / Scale-up | Esco VacciXcell
Vaccixcell is the bioprocessing division of Esco Group of Companies that specializes in marketing and manufacturing bioprocessing equipment for adherent cell cu
https://escovaccixcell.com/applications/technology-adaption-scale-up/roller-bottles-to-closed-system
Doktor ÖMER BARIŞ YÜCELDoktor ÖMER BARIŞ YÜCEL
Dr. ÖMER BARIŞ YÜCEL; Kocaeli Hastanesi lokasyonunda Üroloji bölümünde çalışmaktadır. Bilgi ve randevu için tıklayın.
https://www.acibadem.com.tr/doktor/omer-baris-yucel/
Evolution of high cellulolytic activity in symbiotic Streptomyces through selection of expanded gene content and coordinated...Evolution of high cellulolytic activity in symbiotic Streptomyces through selection of expanded gene content and coordinated...
In this study, the evolution of cellulose degradation was a defining event in the history of life. Without efficient decomposition and recycling, dead plant biomass would quickly accumulate and become inaccessible to terrestrial food webs and the global carbon cycle. On land, the primary drivers of plant biomass deconstruction are fungi and bacteria in the soil or associated with herbivorous eukaryotes. While the ecological importance of plant-decomposing microbes is well established, little is known about the distribution or evolution of cellulolytic activity in any bacterial genus. Here we show that in Streptomyces, a genus of Actinobacteria abundant in soil and symbiotic niches, the ability to rapidly degrade cellulose is largely restricted to two clades of host-associated strains and is not a conserved characteristic of the Streptomyces genus or host-associated strains. Our comparative genomics identify that while plant biomass degrading genes (CAZy) are widespread in Streptomyces, key ...
https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/1287326-evolution-high-cellulolytic-activity-symbiotic-streptomyces-through-selection-expanded-gene-content-coordinated-gene-expression
Structural Biochemistry/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell/Cellulose - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldStructural Biochemistry/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell/Cellulose - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Cellulosomes known as the proficient nanomachine in nature are cell bound multi-enzyme complexes that break down cellulose and hemicelluloses. They are very important in the process of carbon turnover. The cellulosome complexes require highly ordered proteins (the interactions between cohesions and dockerins) to assembly cellulases and hemicellulases into a scaffold structure. The protein interactions between cohesion and dockerin play an important role in cellulosome assembly and the attachment of cellulosome to the surface of cells while remaining flexible to provide a stable catalytic synergy.. One function of cellulosomes is breaking down plants structural polysaccharides. It is hypothesize that the constraints of the cellulosomes system created by bacteria and fungi caused the deconstruction of plant cell wall to become more and more efficient. The splicing of the plant-cell wall involves the addition of enzymes on to a macromolecule complex will increase the effectiveness of the ...
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Cell_Organelles/Plant_Cell/Cellulose
2015 Cellulosomes, Cellulases and Other Carbohydrate Modifying Enzymes (GRS) Seminar GRC2015 Cellulosomes, Cellulases and Other Carbohydrate Modifying Enzymes (GRS) Seminar GRC
The 2018 Gordon Research Seminar on Cellulosomes, Cellulases and Other Carbohydrate Modifying Enzymes (GRS) will be held in Andover, NH. Apply today to reserve your spot.
https://www.grc.org/cellulosomes-cellulases-and-other-carbohydrate-modifying-enzymes-grs-conference/2015/
Policies | ENGO Blister PatchesPolicies | ENGO Blister Patches
ENGOs parent company, Tamarack Habilitation Technologies, has appropriate security measures in place to protect against the loss, misuse or alteration of information that we have collected from you at our site. We use SSL certificates to protect your information.. Unless provided via phone, email or fax, Tamarack Habilitation Technologies does not have access to your credit card number. If such information is provided for a purchase or refund to an authorized Tamarack (ENGOs parent company) employee, the company ensures the information will be used as directed. The information will then be shredded to maintain the safety of all our customers private information. We do not keep customer credit card information on file electronically or in print.. ...
https://goengo.com/help/policies/
Rune Standal - NTNURune Standal - NTNU
Standal, Rune; Iversen, Tore Geir; Coucheron, Dag-Hugo; Fjærvik, Espen; Blatny, Janet Martha; Valla, Svein. (1994) A new gene required for cellulose production and a gene encoding cellulolytic activity in Acetobacter xylinum are colocalized with the bcs operon. Journal of Bacteriology. vol. 176. ...
https://www.ntnu.edu/employees/rune.standal
Mark Ericson | Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing | The University of IowaMark Ericson | Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing | The University of Iowa
DEPT.:Medicinal Chemistry YEAR OF GRAD STUDY: 2007-2012 MENTOR(S): Kevin Rice SOURCE(S) OF SUPPORT: NIH T32, PI Grants, AFPE, College of Pharmacy (UI) EDUCATION: Carleton College BA 2006 Chemistry University of Iowa (UI) PhD 2012 Medicinal Chemistry
https://cbb.research.uiowa.edu/mark-ericson
Articles on Biotechnology :: Bio Innovations - Stories about BiotechnologyArticles on Biotechnology :: Bio Innovations - Stories about Biotechnology
Consolidated bioprocessing, or CBP, the conversion of lignocellulose into desired items in a single step without added enzymes, is a subject of enhanced analysis effort recently. Inside review, the economic...
http://silt3.com/BiotechnologyImpactFactor/articles-on-biotechnology
Home</span><span class=...Home</span><span class=...
Oxford Global are proud to present the 8th Annual Cell Culture & Bioprocessing Congress, taking place on during 29 - 30 October 2019, Novotel London West, London, UK
https://www.oxfordglobal.co.uk/cellculture-congress/
cost | Stem Cells Dailycost | Stem Cells Daily
Im attending annual IBC Cell Therapy Bioprocessing meeting in Arlington. One of the major highlights of the first day for me was understanding the importance of democratization and affordability of.... Read More ...
https://stemcellsdaily.com/tag/cost/
CellulaseCellulase
For example, Clostridium cellulolyticum produces 13 GH9 modular cellulases containing a different number and arrangement of ... of all family-9 glycoside hydrolases synthesized by the cellulosome-producing bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum". The ... "A major new component in the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum is a processive endo-beta-1,4-glucanase producing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulase
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Clostridium cellulolyticumClostridiumCelluloseCellulaseCellulosomesCellobioseCellulasesBiomassClostridium difficileFermentationClostridium InfectionsClostridium acetobutylicumCulture MediaBacterial ProteinsClostridium botulinumMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceCarboxymethylcellulose SodiumKineticsLibraries, DigitalJob SatisfactionKansasSelf ConceptStress, PsychologicalQuestionnairesProfessional AutonomyPeriodicals as TopicAccess to InformationJournal Impact FactorBibliometricsPublishingPeer Review, ResearchAlgorithmsHydrogenaseClostridium thermocellumHydrogenGlucoseCrystallizationCrystallography, X-RayX-Ray DiffractionColicinsRibosome Inactivating ProteinsRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2Encyclopedias as TopicPolysaccharidesGlucansPolysaccharides, Bacterial
Cellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.4) - Creative EnzymesCellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.4) - Creative Enzymes
Cellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant. Cellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant. ...
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Cellulase-9A-From-Clostridium-Cellulolyticum-Recombinant_3540.html
Regulation of cel genes of C. cellulolyticum: identification of GlyR2, a transcriptional regulator regulating cel5D gene...Regulation of cel genes of C. cellulolyticum: identification of GlyR2, a transcriptional regulator regulating cel5D gene...
... of Clostridium cellulolyticum were investigated. Unlike the cip-cel operon, these genes are transcribed as monocistronic units ... Regulation of cel genes of C. cellulolyticum: identification of GlyR2, a transcriptional regulator regulating cel5D gene ... cellulolyticum: identification of GlyR2, a transcriptional regulator regulating cel5D gene expression. PLoS ONE, 8 (1). e44708 ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2226/
Sequence Similarity - 1G9J: X-TAL STRUCTURE OF THE MUTANT E44Q OF THE CELLULASE CEL48F IN COMPLEX WITH A...Sequence Similarity - 1G9J: X-TAL STRUCTURE OF THE MUTANT E44Q OF THE CELLULASE CEL48F IN COMPLEX WITH A...
Structures of mutants of cellulase Cel48F of Clostridium cellulolyticum in complex with long hemithiocellooligosaccharides give ...
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/sequenceCluster.do?structureId=1G9J
Improvement of ClosTron for successive gene disruption in Clostridium cellulolyticum using a pyrF-based screening system |...Improvement of ClosTron for successive gene disruption in Clostridium cellulolyticum using a pyrF-based screening system |...
... such as thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum and mesophilic Clostridium cellulolyticum, producing biofuels and chemicals from ... Desvaux M (2005) Clostridium cellulolyticum: model organism of mesophilic cellulolytic clostridia. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29:741- ... Clostridium includes a number of species, such as thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum and mesophilic Clostridium ... Clostridium cellulolyticum ClosTron Targetron Plasmid curing PyrF Electronic supplementary material. The online version of this ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00253-013-5330-y
Cel9M, a New Family 9 Cellulase of the Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulosome | Journal of BacteriologyCel9M, a New Family 9 Cellulase of the Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulosome | Journal of Bacteriology
Species-specificity of the cohesin-dockerin interaction between Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium cellulolyticum: ... Cel9M, a New Family 9 Cellulase of the Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulosome. Anne Belaich, Goetz Parsiegla, Laurent Gal, ... Cel9M, a New Family 9 Cellulase of the Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulosome. Anne Belaich, Goetz Parsiegla, Laurent Gal, ... Cel9M, a New Family 9 Cellulase of the Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulosome. Anne Belaich, Goetz Parsiegla, Laurent Gal, ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/184/5/1378?ijkey=d675887a1f6f1a3639704d85b00ad574e0a7c6cc&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose | Applied and Environmental...Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose | Applied and Environmental...
... cellulolyticum. While C. cellulolyticum was successfully transformed with the empty vector, no C. cellulolyticum alsS or alsS ... Clostridium cellulolyticum sp. nov., a cellulolytic, mesophilic species from decayed grass. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34:155-159 ... Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose. Wendy Higashide, Yongchao Li, ... Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose Message Subject (Your Name) has ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/77/8/2727
purH - Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PurH - Clostridium cellulolyticum (strain ATCC 35319 / DSM 5812 / JCM 6584 /...purH - Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PurH - Clostridium cellulolyticum (strain ATCC 35319 / DSM 5812 / JCM 6584 /...
Clostridium] papyrosolvens DSM 2782. [Clostridium] papyrosolvens C7. Clostridium sp. BNL1100. Clostridium josui. 514. UniRef90_ ... sp,B8I490,PUR9_CLOCE Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PurH OS=Clostridium cellulolyticum (strain ATCC 35319 / DSM 5812 ... Clostridium cellulolyticum (strain ATCC 35319 / DSM 5812 / JCM 6584 / H10). ,p>This subsection of the ,a href="http://www. ... cellular organisms › Bacteria › Terrabacteria group › Firmicutes › Clostridia › Clostridiales › Ruminococcaceae › ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B8I490
The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium...The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium...
The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium ... The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium ... The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium ... The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/77/9/2831/figures-only
rplS protein (Clostridium cellulolyticum) - STRING interaction networkrplS protein (Clostridium cellulolyticum) - STRING interaction network
Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium cellulolyticum H10, Clostridium cellulolyticum str. H10, Clostridium cellulolyticum ... Clostridium cellulolyticum. NCBI taxonomy Id: 394503. Other names: C. cellulolyticum H10, ...
https://string-db.org/network/394503.Ccel_0714
Recombinant Clostridium cellulolyticum 30S ribosomal protein S21(rpsU) - CusabioRecombinant Clostridium cellulolyticum 30S ribosomal protein S21(rpsU) - Cusabio
Purchase Recombinant Clostridium cellulolyticum 30S ribosomal protein S21(rpsU). It is produced in Yeast. High purity. Good ... Recombinant Clostridium cellulolyticum 30S ribosomal protein S21(rpsU). Recombinant Clostridium cellulolyticum 30S ribosomal ...
https://www.cusabio.com/Recombinant-Protein/Recombinant-Clostridium-cellulolyticum-30S-ribosomal-protein-S21rpsU-566001.html
α-Galactosidase from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.22) - Creative Enzymesα-Galactosidase from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.22) - Creative Enzymes
α-Galactosidase from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant. α-Galactosidase from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant. ...
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/-Galactosidase-From-Clostridium-Cellulolyticum-Recombinant_3363.html
Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows that cellulose degradation requires the family 9 hydrolase...Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows that cellulose degradation requires the family 9 hydrolase...
Clostridium thermocellum; Cste, Clostridium stercorarium; Ccel, Clostridium cellulolyticum; Tfus, Thermomonospora fusca; Csac, ... Clostridium phytofermentans has a repertoire of 108 putative glycoside hydrolases to break down cellulose and hemicellulose ... Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows that cellulose degradation requires the family 9 hydrolase ... Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows that cellulose degradation requires the family 9 hydrolase ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19775243?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum%22
Systems biotechnology and metabolic engineeringSystems biotechnology and metabolic engineering
Metabolic engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for the production of n-butanol from crystalline cellulose Sustainable ... Enhanced phenolic compounds tolerance response of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 by inactivation of Cbei_3304 Phenolic ... in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials are major limiting factors for biological production of solvents by Clostridia, but ...
https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/systemsbiotech
Search Results - - 31 Results - Digital LibrarySearch Results - - 31 Results - Digital Library
3D Electron Tomography of Switchgrass Cell Wall Deconstruction by Clostridium cellulolyticum (Poster) Description: This poster ...
https://digital.library.unt.edu/search/?q3=%22Keller%2C%20M.%22&t3=untl_agent&src=ark&searchType=advanced
Secondary Structure Preferences of Mn2+ Binding Sites in Bacterial ProteinsSecondary Structure Preferences of Mn2+ Binding Sites in Bacterial Proteins
Clostridium cellulolyticum (1 file); Haemophilus influenzae (3 files); Listeria monocytogenes (2 files); Staphylococcus aureus ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/abi/2014/501841/
Library Item: Combined inactivation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum lactate and malate dehydrogenase genes substantially...Library Item: Combined inactivation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum lactate and malate dehydrogenase genes substantially...
Background The model bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum efficiently degrades crystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, using ... The model bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum efficiently degrades crystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, using cellulosomes ... Combined inactivation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum lactate and malate dehydrogenase genes substantially increases ethanol ... The first targeted gene inactivation system was developed for C. cellulolyticum, based on a mobile group II intron originating ...
http://wwww.igert.org/documents/425.html
Cthe 2147 - Glycoside hydrolase family 5 precursor - Clostridium thermocellum (strain ATCC 27405 / DSM 1237 / NBRC 103400 /...Cthe 2147 - Glycoside hydrolase family 5 precursor - Clostridium thermocellum (strain ATCC 27405 / DSM 1237 / NBRC 103400 /...
Clostridium sp. Bc-iso-3. 660. UPI0001E2E6A5. Hungateiclostridium cellulolyticum. 654. UPI0003B81F83. CLOTM ... Clostridium thermocellum (strain ATCC 27405 / DSM 1237 / NBRC 103400 / NCIMB 10682 / NRRL B-4536 / VPI 7372) (Ruminiclostridium ... Clostridium thermocellum (strain ATCC 27405 / DSM 1237 / NBRC 103400 / NCIMB 10682 / NRRL B-4536 / VPI 7372) (Ruminiclostridium ... cellular organisms › Bacteria › Terrabacteria group › Firmicutes › Clostridia › Clostridiales › Hungateiclostridiaceae › ...
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A3DHC1
Metabolic control ofClostridium thermocellumvia inhibition of hydrogenase activity and the glucose transport rate | SpringerLinkMetabolic control ofClostridium thermocellumvia inhibition of hydrogenase activity and the glucose transport rate | SpringerLink
Clostridium thermocellum has the ability to catabolize cellulosic biomass into ethanol, but acetic acid, lactic acid, carbon ... Desvaux M (2005) Clostridium cellulolyticum: model organism of mesophilic cellulolytic clostridia. FEMS Microbiol Rev 29(4):741 ... Clostridium thermocellum has the ability to catabolize cellulosic biomass into ethanol, but acetic acid, lactic acid, carbon ... Özkan M, Yilmaz EI, Lynd LR, Özcengiz G (2004) Cloning and expression of the Clostridium thermocellum l-lactate dehydrogenase ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00253-011-3812-3
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section D Volume 56, Part 12, December 2000IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section D Volume 56, Part 12, December 2000
Structure of a family IIIa scaffoldin CBD from the cellulosome of Clostridium cellulolyticum at 2.2 Å resolution. ... cellulolyticum was determined. The structure proved very similar to the previously elucidated scaffoldin CBD from C. ...
http://journals.iucr.org/d/issues/2000/12/00/index.html
Borovok I[au] - PubMed - NCBIBorovok I[au] - PubMed - NCBI
Structure and regulation of the cellulose degradome in Clostridium cellulolyticum.. Xu C, Huang R, Teng L, Wang D, Hemme CL, ... Application of Long Sequence Reads To Improve Genomes for Clostridium thermocellum AD2, Clostridium thermocellum LQRI, and ... Distinctive ligand-binding specificities of tandem PA14 biomass-sensory elements from Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium ... Pan-Cellulosomics of Mesophilic Clostridia: Variations on a Theme.. Dassa B, Borovok I, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Lamed R, Bayer ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Borovok+I%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50
Jeffery McGarvey : USDA ARSJeffery McGarvey : USDA ARS
Ethanol and volatile fatty acid production from lignocellulse by Clostridium cellulolyticum - Williams, K., Zheng, Y., Mcgarvey ... Ethanol and volatile fatty acid production from lignocellulse by Clostridium cellulolyticum. International Scholarly Research ... Development and characterization of six monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin-70 (HA70) of Clostridium botulinum and their ... Development and characterization of six monoclonal antibodies to hemagglutinin-70 (HA70) of Clostridium botulinum and their ...
https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person/?person-id=32317
Novel Organization and Divergent Dockerin Specificities in the Cellulosome System of Ruminococcus flavefaciens | Journal of...Novel Organization and Divergent Dockerin Specificities in the Cellulosome System of Ruminococcus flavefaciens | Journal of...
... from Clostridium cellulolyticum; PelA (AF105330) and ExgS (U34793) from Clostridium cellulovorans; and Clostridium josui CelD ( ... Species-specificity of the cohesin-dockerin interaction between Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium cellulolyticum: ... Rumsp-Xyn1), and a selection of enzymes from C. thermocellum and mesophilic clostridia (C. cellulolyticum, C. cellulovorans, ... Interaction between the endoglucanase CelA and the scaffolding protein CipC of the Clostridium cellulolyticum cellulosome. J. ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/185/3/703?ijkey=5b998254dda902defc175f210ed69794e929ea50&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Bug Creates Butanol Directly from Cellulose | MIT Technology ReviewBug Creates Butanol Directly from Cellulose | MIT Technology Review
The key was adding Liaos sugar-to-isobutanol pathway to a microbe, Clostridium cellulolyticum, that likes chewing on biomass ... Super bug: Genetic engineers reprogrammed this microbe, Clostridium cellulolyticum, to turn cellulose into butanol.. Now James ... The next step is to move the genetic modifications to a faster-growing variant of Clostridium or some other microbe. Liao bets ...
https://www.technologyreview.com/2011/03/22/196228/bug-creates-butanol-directly-from-cellulose/
Cellulase - WikipediaCellulase - Wikipedia
For example, Clostridium cellulolyticum produces 13 GH9 modular cellulases containing a different number and arrangement of ... of all family-9 glycoside hydrolases synthesized by the cellulosome-producing bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum". The ... "A major new component in the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum is a processive endo-beta-1,4-glucanase producing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulase
Microbial cellulases: Engineering, production and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 10.1016/j.rser.2014...Microbial cellulases: Engineering, production and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 10.1016/j.rser.2014...
Clostridium cellulolyticum . model organism of mesophilic cellulolytic clostridia. Desvaux, M.. * Cellulose, cellulases and ... Co culture fermentation of banana agro-waste to ethanol by cellulolytic thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum CT2 ...
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/microbial-cellulases-engineering-production-and-applications-WSBON2C2WY/1
BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AND PRODUCTS - REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTABIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AND PRODUCTS - REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
For example, the host cell may be photosynthetic (e.g., cyanobacteria) or may be cellulolytic (e.g., Clostridium cellulolyticum ... Clostridium cellulolyticum) and, for example, members of the Streptococcaceae family (e.g., Lactococcus lactis). In other cases ... a member of the genus Clostridium, a member of the genus Pseudomonas, a member of the genus Candida, a member of the genus ...
http://www.sumobrain.com/patents/wipo/Biosynthetic-pathways-products/WO2014172596A2.html
BMRB Entry 5263BMRB Entry 5263
Clostridium cellulolyticum Taxonomy ID: 1521 Superkingdom: Eubacteria Kingdom: not available Genus/species: Clostridium ... 5 kDa CBM28 module of the cellulase Cel5I of Clostridium cellulolyticum" J. Biomol. NMR 23, 157-158 (2002).. Assembly members: ...
http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/data_library/summary/index.php?bmrbId=5263
Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum | PNASDeletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum | PNAS
... including Clostridium cellulolyticum, Clostridium cellulovorans, Clostridium josui, Clostridium phytofermentans, and C. ... 2004) Use of antisense RNA to modify the composition of cellulosomes produced by Clostridium cellulolyticum. Mol Microbiol 51: ... 1997) The processive endocellulase CelF, a major component of the Clostridium cellulolyticum cellulosome: Purification and ... Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum. Daniel G. Olson, Shital A. Tripathi, Richard J. Giannone, ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/107/41/17727
WO2016112242A1 - Split cas9 proteins - Google PatentsWO2016112242A1 - Split cas9 proteins - Google Patents
Clostridium botulinum Ba4 657; Clostridium botulinum F Langeland; Clostridium cellulolyticum H10; Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328; ... Clostridium botulinum A3 Loch Maree; Clostridium botulinum B Eklund 17B; ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2016112242A1
Cloning of l-lactate dehydrogenase and elimination of lactic acid production via gene knockout in Thermoanaerobacterium...Cloning of l-lactate dehydrogenase and elimination of lactic acid production via gene knockout in Thermoanaerobacterium...
Improvement of cellulolytic properties of Clostridium cellulolyticum by metabolic engineering.. *Emmanuel Guedon, Mickaël ... Isolation from soil and properties of the extreme thermophile Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum.. *Juergen Wiegel, Lars G. ... The bifunctional alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, adhE, is necessary for ethanol production in Clostridium thermocellum ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cloning-of-l-lactate-dehydrogenase-and-elimination-Desai-Guerinot/2b3d26787d56c920615f0327564e9a461018d983
2847.Ферменты и технологии для текстиля, моющих средств, кожи, меха2847.Ферменты и технологии для текстиля, моющих средств, кожи, меха
2 ???????? ? ???? pH 5...12, ?? B.stearothermophilus ? ??? pH 5...11, ?? Clostridium sp. ? ??? ?? 2...6. 20 Copyright ??? л??? ... Chaetomium cellulolyticum: ???????. ???. ????. ???. ???? / ?????????? ?.?. ? ?., 1999. ? 23 ?. 5. Bergguist, P.L. ...
https://www.docme.ru/doc/1113248/2847.fermenty-i-tehnologii-dlya-tekstilya--moyushhih-sredstv--..
Cellobiose - DrugBankCellobiose - DrugBank
Clostridium cellulolyticum (strain ATCC 35319 / DSM 5812 / JCM 6584 / H10). UEndoglucanase 5A. Not Available. Bacillus ... Clostridium cellulolyticum (strain ATCC 35319 / DSM 5812 / JCM 6584 / H10). Pharmacological action. Unknown ...
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02061
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Clostridium cellulolyticumClostridiumCelluloseCellulaseCellulosomesCellobioseCellulasesBiomassClostridium difficileFermentationClostridium InfectionsClostridium acetobutylicumCulture MediaBacterial ProteinsClostridium botulinumMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceCarboxymethylcellulose SodiumKineticsLibraries, DigitalJob SatisfactionKansasSelf ConceptStress, PsychologicalQuestionnairesProfessional AutonomyPeriodicals as TopicAccess to InformationJournal Impact FactorBibliometricsPublishingPeer Review, ResearchAlgorithmsHydrogenaseClostridium thermocellumHydrogenGlucoseCrystallizationCrystallography, X-RayX-Ray DiffractionColicinsRibosome Inactivating ProteinsRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2Encyclopedias as TopicPolysaccharidesGlucansPolysaccharides, Bacterial
ATCCCellulosomeCellulaseCelluloseCellulolytic clostridiaStrainRecombinantCellulovoransMesophilic cellulolytic bacteriumThermophilicBacteriaBacillusBacteriumStrainsMetabolicSubstrateOrganismSpeciesProteinAdding Liao'sCellulosomalPerfringensThermocellum endoglucanaseCelFEndoglucanaseGenusScaffoldinAgrobacteriumMobile group II intBiofuel productionBiomassGenesInactivationDifficileGeneticBeijerinckiiNickaseOperonDSM1313Ethanol productionProductionCohesin
ATCC3
Cellulosome9
  • How does cellulosome composition influence deconstruction of lignocellulosic substrates in Clostridium ( Ruminiclostridium ) thermocellum DSM 1313? (nih.gov)
  • In Clostridium thermocellum , which has provided the paradigm for cellulosome organization, the complex is integrated via the binding of dockerin-containing enzyme subunits to nine cohesin domains present in a noncatalytic scaffolding protein (CipA). (asm.org)
  • Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium that rapidly solubilizes cellulose with the aid of a multienzyme cellulosome complex. (pnas.org)
  • Characterization of the cellulolytic complex (cellulosome) of Clostridium acetobutylicum. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Cloning and DNA sequencing of the genes encoding Clostridium josui scaffolding protein CipA and cellulase CelD and identification of their gene products as major components of the cellulosome. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Identification of the cellulose-binding domain of the cellulosome subunit S1 from Clostridium thermocellum YS. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Dockerin type I repeat (IPR002105) Gram-positive, thermophilic anaerobes such as Clostridium thermocellum or Clostridium cellulolyticum secretes a highly active and thermostable cellulase complex (cellulosome) resp. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • 10] E.S. Edward A. Bayer, Raphael Lamed, Organization and Distribution of the Cellulosome in Clostridium thermocellum, J. Bacteriol. (nchu.edu.tw)
  • 11] E.S. Raphael Lamed, Rina Kenig, Edward A. Bayer, The cellulosome: a discrete cell surface organelle of Clostridium thermocellum which exhibits separate antigenic, cellulose-binding and various cellulolytic activities, Biotechnol. (nchu.edu.tw)
Cellulase2
Cellulose17
  • Saccharification of bacterial microcrystalline cellulose by Cel9M in association with two other family 9 enzymes from C. cellulolyticum , namely, Cel9E and Cel9G, was measured, and it was found that Cel9M acts synergistically with Cel9E. (asm.org)
  • The mesophilic cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum produces multienzyme complexes of about 600 kDa, termed cellulosomes ( 13 ), which are efficient for degradation of crystalline cellulose. (asm.org)
  • C. cellulolyticum was grown anaerobically at 32°C on basal medium supplemented with cellobiose (2g/liter) or cellulose MN300 (5 g/liter) as a carbon and energy source. (asm.org)
  • Here we present a metabolic engineering example for the development of a Clostridium cellulolyticum strain for isobutanol synthesis directly from cellulose. (asm.org)
  • Targeted gene inactivation in Clostridium phytofermentans shows that cellulose degradation requires the family 9 hydrolase Cphy3367. (nih.gov)
  • Clostridium phytofermentans has a repertoire of 108 putative glycoside hydrolases to break down cellulose and hemicellulose into sugars, which this organism then ferments primarily to ethanol. (nih.gov)
  • The model bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum efficiently degrades crystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, using cellulosomes to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. (igert.org)
  • The crystal structure of the family IIIa cellulose-binding domain (CBD) from the cellulosomal scaffoldin subunit of C. cellulolyticum was determined. (iucr.org)
  • Genetic engineers reprogrammed this microbe, Clostridium cellulolyticum, to turn cellulose into butanol. (technologyreview.com)
  • Primary sequence analysis of Clostridium cellulovorans cellulose binding protein A. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Characterization of the cellulose-binding domain of the Clostridium cellulovorans cellulose-binding protein A. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The cellulose-degrading community, targeted by analysis of the glycoside hydrolase families 5 ( cel5 ) and 48 ( cel48 ), showed a dominance of bacteria belonging the Firmicutes and Bacteriodetes, and a positive correlation was found between the cellulose degradation rate of wheat straw with the level of C. cellulolyticum . (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, electricity generation and the microbial ecology of cellulose-fed MFCs were analyzed using a defined co-culture of Clostridium cellulolyticum and Geobacter sulfurreducens . (iwaponline.com)
  • Fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR showed that when particulate MN301 cellulose was used as sole substrate, most Clostridium cells were found adhered to cellulose particles in suspension, while most Geobacter cells were attached to the electrode. (iwaponline.com)
  • Building on earlier work at UCLA in creating a synthetic pathway for isobutanol production , the BESC researchers managed to achieve such a single-step process by developing a strain of Clostridium cellulolyticum, a native cellulose-degrading microbe that could synthesize isobutanol directly from cellulose. (innovationtoronto.com)
  • Cellulose-degradation by C. cellulolyticum has been extensively studied. (up.ac.za)
  • Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic thermophilic bacterium that exhibits high levels of cellulose solublization and produces ethanol as an end product of its metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellulolytic clostridia2
  • model organism of mesophilic cellulolytic clostridia. (springer.com)
  • 13] M. Desvaux, Clostridium cellulolyticum: model organism of mesophilic cellulolytic clostridia, FEMS Microbiol Rev, 29 (2005) 741-764. (nchu.edu.tw)
Strain2
  • To solve this problem, a pyrF -based screening system was developed and implemented in C. cellulolyticum strain H10 in this study for efficient targetron plasmid curing. (springer.com)
  • Interestingly thuricin CD kills a wide range of clinical C. difficile ribotypes commonly associated with Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) including the hypervirulent strain B1/NAP1/027 [7] . (plos.org)
Recombinant1
  • The pdc and adh genes from Z. mobilis were cloned in pNW33N, and transformed to Clostridium thermocellum DSM 1313 by electroporation to generate recombinant CTH- pdc, CTH- adh and CTH- pdc-adh strains that carried heterologous pdc , adh , and both genes, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellulovorans2
  • Family 48 glycoside hydrolase (GH48) enzymes are highly expressed in truly cellulolytic bacteria ( 7 ) including Clostridium cellulolyticum , Clostridium cellulovorans , Clostridium josui , Clostridium phytofermentans , and C. thermocellum ( 8 - 11 ). (pnas.org)
  • While this model is still controversial, the first C 1 component was cloned from Clostridium cellulovorans and Cellulomonas fimi ( 49 , 74 , 172 , 173 ). (asm.org)
Mesophilic cellulolytic bacterium1
  • Clostridium cellulolyticum is a mesophilic cellulolytic bacterium. (up.ac.za)
Thermophilic2
  • Clostridium includes a number of species, such as thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum and mesophilic Clostridium cellulolyticum , producing biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulose, while genetic engineering is necessary to improve wild-type strains to fulfill the requirement of industrialization. (springer.com)
  • Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic thermophilic bacterium with cellulolytic property and the ability to produce ethanol. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria3
  • Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli , Klebsiella oxytoca , Z. mobilis, Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium cellulolyticum , Lactobacillus casei and several yeast strains have been engineered for bioethanol production from cellulosic substrates. (niscair.res.in)
  • Bacterial spores are produced by Gram-positive bacteria including members of the Bacillus and Clostridium genera, and are widely understood to be dormant cell forms that remain viable for long periods of time until growth conditions become favorable. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enhanced biohydrogen production from corn stover by the combination of Clostridium cellulolyticum and hydrogen fermentation bacteria. (lulab.org)
Bacillus3
  • Bacillus, Clostridium. (docme.ru)
  • Thuricin CD is a two-component bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis that kills a wide range of clinically significant Clostridium difficile . (plos.org)
  • The two thuricin CD peptides act synergistically, exhibiting a narrow spectrum of activity targeting mainly the spore forming genera - Bacillus and Clostridium . (plos.org)
Bacterium2
  • As a key component of the genetic toolbox for this bacterium, markerless targeted mutagenesis enables functional genomic research in C. cellulolyticum and rapid genetic engineering to significantly alter the mixture of fermentation products. (igert.org)
  • Clostridium termitidis CT1112 is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, mesophilic, spore-forming, cellulolytic bacterium, originally isolated from the gut of a wood feeding termite Nasusitermes lujae . (biomedcentral.com)
Strains3
  • Fermentative hydrogen production from glucose and starch using pure strains and artificial co-cultures of Clostridium spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interestingly, all the Clostridium strains and co-cultures were shown to utilize lactate (present in a starch-containing medium), and C. beijerinckii was able to re-consume formate producing additional H 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The four pure Clostridium strains and the artificial co-cultures tested in this study were shown to efficiently produce H 2 using glucose and starch as carbon sources. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolic4
  • With the assistance of the pyrF -based screening system, the targetron plasmid-cured colonies can be rapidly selected by one-plate screening instead of traditional days' unguaranteed screening, and the successive gene disruption becomes accomplishable with ClosTron system with improved stability and efficiency, which may promote the metabolic engineering of Clostridium species aiming at enhanced production of biofuels and chemicals. (springer.com)
  • Bothun GD, Knutson BL, Berberich JA, Strobel HJ, Nokes SE (2004) Metabolic selectivity and growth of Clostridium thermocellum in continuous culture under elevated hydrostatic pressure. (springer.com)
  • Improvement of cellulolytic properties of Clostridium cellulolyticum by metabolic engineering. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Genome-scale modeling and simulations have been guided for metabolic engineering of Clostridium species for the production of organic solvents and organic acids. (cyberleninka.org)
Substrate2
  • More recently, transcriptome analysis of C. cellulolyticum cultured on different substrates [ 10 ] revealed substrate specificity of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) and the transcriptional regulation of core cellulases by Carbon Catabolite Repression (CCR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Simulation studies of substrate recognition by the exocellulase CelF from Clostridium cellulolyticum. (faintpower.tk)
Organism2
  • Plasmid transformation, random mutagenesis and heterologous expression systems have previously been developed for C. cellulolyticum, but targeted mutagenesis has not been reported for this organism, hindering genetic engineering. (igert.org)
  • Like all clostridia, this organism forms terminal endospores, which confer a high degree of resistance to heat, desiccation and other environmental challenges. (biomedcentral.com)
Species4
  • The organization of microbial plant cell wall-degrading enzymes into multienzyme complexes or cellulosomes was first demonstrated at the molecular level in cellulolytic Clostridium species ( 2 , 4 , 5 , 12 , 14 , 20 , 23 , 34 , 40 , 41 ). (asm.org)
  • Species-specificity of the cohesin-dockerin interaction between Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium cellulolyticum: prediction of specificity determinants of the dockerin domain. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • As demonstrated by the scattered phyletic distribution of neurotoxin-producing clostridia [ 10 ] and the patterns of sequence similarity between different neurotoxin gene clusters [ 11 ], CNT genes appear to have undergone significant lateral transfer between different species of Clostridium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • While CNTs have undergone frequent lateral transfer between species of Clostridium , no CNT homologues have been identified outside of the Clostridium genus. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein6
  • To test the developed screening system, successive inactivation of the major cellulosomal exocellulase Cel48F and the scaffoldin protein CipC was achieved in C. cellulolyticum , and the efficient plasmid curing was confirmed. (springer.com)
  • A new cellulosomal protein from Clostridium cellulolyticum Cel9M was characterized. (asm.org)
  • Sequencing of a Clostridium thermocellum gene (cipA) encoding the cellulosomal SL-protein reveals an unusual degree of internal homology. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Despite considerable progress in understanding CNT structure and function, the evolutionary origins of CNTs remain a mystery as they are unique to Clostridium and possess a sequence and structural architecture distinct from other protein families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interactions between the cohesin of the Clostridium thermocellum CipA scaffolding protein and the dockerin of cellulosomal catalytic components are categorized as type I, and the interactions between the dockerin of CipA and its counterpart are categorized as type II. (asmscience.org)
  • CelS), with its dockerin, did not recognize cohesin 1 of the C. cellulolyticum scaffolding protein CipC. (asmscience.org)
Adding Liao's1
Cellulosomal1
  • Cellulosomal gene cluster and corresponding proteins of C. cellulolyticum . (asm.org)
Perfringens2
  • Chen Y, McClane BA, Fisher DJ, Rood JI, Gupta P (2005) Construction of an alpha toxin gene knockout mutant of Clostridium perfringens type A by use of a mobile group II intron. (springer.com)
  • B1UZL4(Cas9 coding gene from Clostridium perfringens D str. (addgene.org)
Thermocellum endoglucanase2
CelF1
  • EC 3.2.1.176) - Clostridium cellulolyticum CelF, Clostridium stercorarium CelY, and Clostridium thermocellum CelS - to create a diverse library of Cel48 enzymes with an average of 106 mutations from the closest native enzyme. (caltech.edu)
Endoglucanase2
  • The crystal structure of endoglucanase CelA, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Clostridium thermocellum. (expasy.org)
  • X-Ray crystal structure of the multidomain endoglucanase Cel9G from Clostridium cellulolyticum complexed with natural and synthetic cello-oligosaccharides. (cbrc.jp)
Genus1
Scaffoldin1
Agrobacterium2
  • The overall fold of the subunit proved to be similar to those of the D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Pseudomonas cichorii and the D-psicose 3-epimerases from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Clostridium cellulolyticum. (rcsb.org)
  • We wanted to produce a library of mutants from one of the five D-psicose 3-epimerases (Dpe): two from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (UniProt ID Q7CVR7 and A9CH28), one from Clostrium cellulolyticum (UniProt ID B8I944), one from Flavonifractor plautii (UniProt ID G9YVF8) and one from Pseudomonas cichorii (UniProt ID O50580). (igem.org)
Mobile group II int1
  • The first targeted gene inactivation system was developed for C. cellulolyticum, based on a mobile group II intron originating from the Lactococcus lactis L1.LtrB intron. (igert.org)
Biofuel production1
  • Among them, Clostridium sticklandii is one of the potential organisms to be exploited as a microbial cell factory for biofuel production. (cyberleninka.org)
Biomass2
Genes3
  • White and black boxes symbolize the cel48F (from C. cellulolyticum ) and cel48A (from C. acetobutylicum ) genes, respectively. (asm.org)
  • Light and dark gray boxes symbolize the cipC1 and orfX genes from C. cellulolyticum , respectively. (asm.org)
  • Transcription and expression regulation of some individual cel genes (cel5A, cel5I, cel5D and cel44O) of Clostridium cellulolyticum were investigated. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inactivation1
  • The efficient intron-based gene inactivation system produced the first non-random, targeted mutations in C. cellulolyticum. (igert.org)
Difficile1
  • This alternative approach stems from the fact that in the clinical setting the use of broad spectrum antimicrobials has lead to the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens and the observation that the disruption of the colonic microbiota through administration of broad spectrum antibiotic treatment predisposes susceptible individuals to infection by the nosocomial pathogen Clostridium difficile [5] , [6] . (plos.org)
Genetic1
Beijerinckii1
  • Four pure Clostridium cultures, including C. butyricum CWBI1009, C. pasteurianum DSM525, C. beijerinckii DSM1820 and C. felsineum DSM749, and three different co-cultures composed of (1) C. pasteurianum and C. felsineum , (2) C. butyricum and C. felsineum , (3) C. butyricum and C. pasteurianum , were grown in 20 L batch bioreactors. (biomedcentral.com)
Nickase1
  • Efficient Genome Editing in Clostridium cellulolyticum via CRISPR-Cas9 Nickase. (naver.com)
Operon1
  • Abdou L, Boileau C, de Philip P, Pages S, Fierobe HP, Tardif C (2008) Transcriptional regulation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum cip-cel operon: a complex mechanism involving a catabolite-responsive element. (springer.com)
DSM13131
Ethanol production1
Production1
  • Phenolic compounds generated in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials are major limiting factors for biological production of solvents by Clostridia , but it lacks the attention on the study of adaptation or res. (biomedcentral.com)
Cohesin1
Cellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.4) - Creative Enzymes
Cellulase 9A from Clostridium cellulolyticum, Recombinant(EC 3.2.1.4) - Creative Enzymes (creative-enzymes.com)
Glycoside Hydrolase Family 48 - CAZypedia
Glycoside Hydrolase Family 48 - CAZypedia (cazypedia.org)
Improvement of ClosTron for successive gene disruption in Clostridium cellulolyticum using a pyrF-based screening system |...
Improvement of ClosTron for successive gene disruption in Clostridium cellulolyticum using a pyrF-based screening system |... (link.springer.com)
Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose | Applied and Environmental...
Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium cellulolyticum for Production of Isobutanol from Cellulose | Applied and Environmental... (aem.asm.org)
Secondary Structure Preferences of Mn2+ Binding Sites in Bacterial Proteins
Secondary Structure Preferences of Mn2+ Binding Sites in Bacterial Proteins (hindawi.com)
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section D Volume 56, Part 12, December 2000
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section D Volume 56, Part 12, December 2000 (journals.iucr.org)
Bug Creates Butanol Directly from Cellulose | MIT Technology Review
Bug Creates Butanol Directly from Cellulose | MIT Technology Review (technologyreview.com)
Cellulolytic Streptomyces Strains Associated with Herbivorous Insects Share a Phylogenetically Linked Capacity To Degrade...
Cellulolytic Streptomyces Strains Associated with Herbivorous Insects Share a Phylogenetically Linked Capacity To Degrade... (aem.asm.org)
Cellulase - Wikipedia
Cellulase - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Microbial cellulases: Engineering, production and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 10.1016/j.rser.2014...
Microbial cellulases: Engineering, production and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | 10.1016/j.rser.2014... (deepdyve.com)
Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum | PNAS
Deletion of the Cel48S cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum | PNAS (pnas.org)
Processivity, Substrate Binding, and Mechanism of Cellulose Hydrolysis by Thermobifida fusca Cel9A | Applied and Environmental...
Processivity, Substrate Binding, and Mechanism of Cellulose Hydrolysis by Thermobifida fusca Cel9A | Applied and Environmental... (aem.asm.org)
The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium...
The Issue of Secretion in Heterologous Expression of Clostridium cellulolyticum Cellulase-Encoding Genes in Clostridium... (aem.asm.org)
WO2016112242A1 - Split cas9 proteins - Google Patents
WO2016112242A1 - Split cas9 proteins - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
Cellobiose - DrugBank
Cellobiose - DrugBank (drugbank.ca)
Mark Proctor, MD | Researcher | Boston Children's Hospital
Mark Proctor, MD | Researcher | Boston Children's Hospital (childrenshospital.org)
Development of a CRISPR-Cas9 Tool Kit for Comprehensive Engineering of Bacillus subtilis | Applied and Environmental...
Development of a CRISPR-Cas9 Tool Kit for Comprehensive Engineering of Bacillus subtilis | Applied and Environmental... (aem.asm.org)
Microbiome of Fungus-Growing Termites: a New Reservoir for Lignocellulase Genes | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Microbiome of Fungus-Growing Termites: a New Reservoir for Lignocellulase Genes | Applied and Environmental Microbiology (aem.asm.org)
Carbohydrate Binding Modules: Biochemical Properties and Novel Applications | Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
Carbohydrate Binding Modules: Biochemical Properties and Novel Applications | Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (mmbr.asm.org)
Impact of Substrate Glycoside Linkage and Elemental Sulfur on Bioenergetics of and Hydrogen Production by the Hyperthermophilic...
Impact of Substrate Glycoside Linkage and Elemental Sulfur on Bioenergetics of and Hydrogen Production by the Hyperthermophilic... (aem.asm.org)
Transcriptomic Responses of the Interactions between Clostridium cellulovorans 743B and Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 in a...
Transcriptomic Responses of the Interactions between Clostridium cellulovorans 743B and Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 in a... (aem.asm.org)
Carbon flux to growth or polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis under microaerophilic conditions is affected by fatty acid chain-length...
Carbon flux to growth or polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis under microaerophilic conditions is affected by fatty acid chain-length... (link.springer.com)
Frontiers | Pleiotropic and Epistatic Network-Based Discovery: Integrated Networks for Target Gene Discovery | Energy Research
Frontiers | Pleiotropic and Epistatic Network-Based Discovery: Integrated Networks for Target Gene Discovery | Energy Research (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | A Methanogenic Consortium Was Active and Exhibited Long-Term Survival in an Extremely Acidified Thermophilic...
Frontiers | A Methanogenic Consortium Was Active and Exhibited Long-Term Survival in an Extremely Acidified Thermophilic... (frontiersin.org)
X-ray structures of the Pseudomonas cichorii D-tagatose 3-epimerase mutant form C66S recognizing deoxy sugars as substrates |...
X-ray structures of the Pseudomonas cichorii D-tagatose 3-epimerase mutant form C66S recognizing deoxy sugars as substrates |... (link.springer.com)
Fermentative hydrogen production from glucose and starch using pure strains and artificial co-cultures of Clostridium spp. |...
Fermentative hydrogen production from glucose and starch using pure strains and artificial co-cultures of Clostridium spp. |... (biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com)
RCSB PDB - 3WQO: Crystal structure of D-tagatose 3-epimerase-like protein
RCSB PDB - 3WQO: Crystal structure of D-tagatose 3-epimerase-like protein (rcsb.org)
Proteomic and Genomic Characterization of Highly Infectious Clostridium difficile 630 Spores | Journal of Bacteriology
Proteomic and Genomic Characterization of Highly Infectious Clostridium difficile 630 Spores | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
Genome Mining for Radical SAM Protein Determinants Reveals Multiple Sactibiotic-Like Gene Clusters
Genome Mining for Radical SAM Protein Determinants Reveals Multiple Sactibiotic-Like Gene Clusters (journals.plos.org)
ASMscience | Surface Microbiology of
ASMscience | Surface Microbiology of (asmscience.org)
Resistant Bacteria vs. Antibiotics: A Fiercely Fought Battle | The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
Resistant Bacteria vs. Antibiotics: A Fiercely Fought Battle | The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings (lindau-nobel.org)
Volume 147, Issue 6 | Microbiology Society
Volume 147, Issue 6 | Microbiology Society (microbiologyresearch.org)
Abiotic Stresses Shift Belowground Populus-Associated Bacteria Toward a Core Stress Microbiome | mSystems
Abiotic Stresses Shift Belowground Populus-Associated Bacteria Toward a Core Stress Microbiome | mSystems (msystems.asm.org)
US9315830B2 - Method of producing a recombinant microorganism - Google Patents
US9315830B2 - Method of producing a recombinant microorganism - Google Patents (patents.google.com)
Insights into the evolutionary origins of clostridial neurotoxins from analysis of the Clostridium botulinum strain A...
Insights into the evolutionary origins of clostridial neurotoxins from analysis of the Clostridium botulinum strain A... (bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com)
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (niscair.res.in)