Clostridium botulinum type b. Medical search

A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type B which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.

Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.

A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type E which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.

Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often PROTEINS, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants (PLANTS, TOXIC), or ANIMALS.

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.

Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type F which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type D which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS, especially CATTLE, but not humans.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.

Toxic substances from microorganisms, plants or animals that interfere with the functions of the nervous system. Most venoms contain neurotoxic substances. Myotoxins are included in this concept.

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type C which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS, especially CATTLE, but not humans. It causes dissociation of ACTIN FILAMENTS.

The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants.

Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. Anatoxin toxoids are distinct from anatoxins that are TROPANES found in CYANOBACTERIA.

Food products manufactured from fish (e.g., FISH FLOUR, fish meal).

Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type G. Though it has been isolated from soil, no outbreaks involving this type have been recognized.

The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.

SNARE proteins where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is an ARGININE. They are classified separately from the Q-SNARE PROTEINS where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is a GLUTAMINE. This subfamily contains the vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) based on similarity to the prototype for the R-SNAREs, VAMP2 (synaptobrevin 2).

A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.

Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.

Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.

Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.

Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Transfer of ADP-ribose to water (i.e., hydrolysis) is catalyzed by the NADASES. The mono(ADP-ribose)transferases transfer a single ADP-ribose. POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES transfer multiple units of ADP-ribose to protein targets, building POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE in linear or branched chains.

Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.

Treatment of food with RADIATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Agents that cause agglutination of red blood cells. They include antibodies, blood group antigens, lectins, autoimmune factors, bacterial, viral, or parasitic blood agglutinins, etc.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Drugs used for their actions on skeletal muscle. Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). Drugs used in the treatment of movement disorders are ANTI-DYSKINESIA AGENTS.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A family of anadromous fish comprising SALMON; TROUT; whitefish; and graylings. They are the most important food and game fishes. Their habitat is the northern Atlantic and Pacific, both marine and inland, and the Great Lakes. (Nelson: Fishes of the World, 1976, p97)

Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.

The most common etiologic agent of GAS GANGRENE. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins.

Food that has been prepared and stored in a way to prevent spoilage.

Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Differentiation of the gene clusters encoding botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes in Clostridium botulinum type A, Ab, and A(B) strains. (1/8)

We describe a strategy to identify the clusters of genes encoding components of the botulinum toxin type A (boNT/A) complexes in 57 strains of Clostridium botulinum types A, Ab, and A(B) isolated in Italy and in the United States from different sources. Specifically, we combined the results of PCR for detecting the ha33 and/or p47 genes with those of boNT/A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Three different type A toxin gene clusters were revealed; type A1 was predominant among the strains from the United States, whereas type A2 predominated among the Italian strains, suggesting a geographic distinction between strains. By contrast, no relationship between the toxin gene clusters and the clinical or food source of strains was evident. In two C. botulinum type A isolates from the United States, we recognized a third type A toxin gene cluster (designated type A3) which was similar to that previously described only for C. botulinum type A(B) and Ab strains. Total genomic DNA from the strains was subjected to pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analyses, and the results were consistent with the boNT/A gene clusters obtained. (+info)

Efficient DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. (2/8)

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to characterize 33 group I and 37 group II Clostridium botulinum strains. Four restriction enzyme and 30 primer combinations were screened to tailor the AFLP technique for optimal characterization of C. botulinum. The enzyme combination HindIII and HpyCH4IV, with primers having one selective nucleotide apiece (Hind-C and Hpy-A), was selected. AFLP clearly differentiated between C. botulinum groups I and II; group-specific clusters showed <10% similarity between proteolytic and nonproteolytic C. botulinum strains. In addition, group-specific fragments were detected in both groups. All strains studied were typeable by AFLP, and a total of 42 AFLP types were identified. Extensive diversity was observed among strains of C. botulinum type E, whereas group I had lower genetic biodiversity. These results indicate that AFLP is a fast, highly discriminating, and reproducible DNA fingerprinting method with excellent typeability, which, in addition to its suitability for typing at strain level, can be used for C. botulinum group identification. (+info)

Heterogeneity of times required for germination and outgrowth from single spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum. (3/8)

Knowledge of the distribution of growth times from individual spores and quantification of this biovariability are important if predictions of growth in food are to be improved, particularly when, as for Clostridium botulinum, growth is likely to initiate from low numbers of spores. In this study we made a novel attempt to determine the distributions of times associated with the various stages of germination and subsequent growth from spores and the relationships between these stages. The time to germination (t(germ)), time to emergence (t(emerg)), and times to reach the lengths of one (t(C1)) and two (t(C2)) mature cells were quantified for individual spores of nonproteolytic C. botulinum Eklund 17B using phase-contrast microscopy and image analysis. The times to detection for wells inoculated with individual spores were recorded using a Bioscreen C automated turbidity reader and were compatible with the data obtained microscopically. The distributions of times to events during germination and subsequent growth showed considerable variability, and all stages contributed to the overall variability in the lag time. The times for germination (t(germ)), emergence (t(emerg) - t(germ)), cell maturation (t(C1) - t(emerg)), and doubling (t(C2) - t(C1)) were not found to be correlated. Consequently, it was not possible to predict the total duration of the lag phase from information for just one of the stages, such as germination. As the variability in postgermination stages is relatively large, the first spore to germinate will not necessarily be the first spore to produce actively dividing cells and start neurotoxin production. This information can make a substantial contribution to improved predictive modeling and better quantitative microbiological risk assessment. (+info)

Production of anti-neurotoxin antibody is enhanced by two subcomponents, HA1 and HA3b, of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin. (4/8)

Clostridium botulinum type B strain produces two forms of progenitor toxin, 16S and 12S. The 12S toxin is formed by association of a neurotoxin (NTX) and a non-toxic non-haemagglutinin (NTNH), and the 16S toxin is formed by conjugation of the 12S toxin with a haemagglutinin (HA). HA consists of four subcomponents designated HA1, HA2, HA3a and HA3b. When mice were immunized with formalin-detoxified NTX, 12S or 16S, a significantly greater amount of anti-NTX antibody (Ab) was produced in the mice injected with 16S than in NTX- or 12S-injected mice. Immunization with NTX mixed with HA1 and/or HA3b also increased the anti-NTX Ab production, whereas NTX mixed with HA2 did not, indicating that HA1 and HA3b have adjuvant activity. This was further confirmed by immunizing mice with human albumin (Alb) alone or Alb mixed with either HA1 or HA3b. When mouse-spleen cells were stimulated with NTX, 16S or different HA subcomponents, 16S, HA1, HA3b and the mixture of HA1 and HA3 significantly increased interleukin 6 (IL6) production compared with NTX alone. Transcription of IL6 mRNA was low after stimulation with NTX alone, but increased to 16S-stimulation levels when NTX was mixed with HA1 or HA3b. In flow cytometry using labelled Abs against CD3 and CD19, the percentage of CD19 cells was higher following stimulation with 16S or NTX mixed with HA1 or HA3b compared with stimulation with NTX. The percentage of CD3 cells remained unchanged. These results suggest strongly that HA1 and HA3b demonstrate adjuvant activity via increasing IL6 production. (+info)

Development of enrichment semi-nested PCR for Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F and its application to Korean environmental samples. (5/8)

An enrichment semi-nested PCR procedure was developed for detection of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F. It was applied to sediment samples to examine the prevalence of C. botulinum in the Korean environment. The first pair of primers for the semi-nested PCR was designed using a region shared by the types A, B, E, and F neurotoxin gene sequences, and the second round employed four nested primers complementary to the BoNT/A, /B, /E, and /F encoding genes for simultaneous detection of the four serotypes. Positive results were obtained from the PCR analysis of five of 44 sediments (11%) collected from Yeong-am Lake in Korea; all were identified as deriving from type B neurotoxin (bontb) genes. Two of the C. botulinum type B organisms were isolated, and their bontb genes sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of BoNT/B showed 99.5 and 99.8% identity with the amino acid sequence of accession no. AB084152. Our data suggest that semi-nested PCR is a useful tool for detecting C. botulinum in sediments, and renders it practicable to conduct environmental surveys. (+info)

Bowel loops and eyelid droops. (6/8)

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Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of two predominant Nordic group I (proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum type B clusters. (7/8)

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Expression of Hc fragment from Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype B in Escherichia coli and its use as a good immunogen. (8/8)

A good immunogen was developed as an effective recombinant vaccine candidate that protected mice against botulinum neurotoxin serotype B (BoNT/B) intoxication. The Hc fragment of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type B (rBoNT/B-Hc) was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pQE-30, and the resulting vector was successfully expressed in the Escherichia coli M15 strain. The purified rBoNT/B-Hc protein was used to vaccinate mice and evaluate their survival against challenge with native BoNT/B. The mice that received three subcutaneous injections of rBoNT/B-Hc immunogen doses ranging from 0.25 to 6.25 mug mixed with Freund's adjuvant were completely protected against an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 10,000 50% lethal doses (LD50) of BoNT/B. A dose response was observed in both the ELISA antibody titers and protective efficacy with increasing dose of immunogen. The work presented here demonstrates that the purified rBoNT/B-Hc was a highly effective immunogen and able to protect against a high-dose neurotoxin challenge. (+info)

Botulism (Type A Clostridium botulinum) in Peoria, Illinois. 28 persons were hospitalized, and 20 patients were treated with an ... Out of 324 soup cans, five of them were found to be contaminated with botulinum toxin, all in the initial batch of vichyssoise ... Mann JM, Martin S, Hoffman R, Marrazzo S (March 1981). "Patient recovery from type A botulism: morbidity assessment following a ... Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (January 17, 2003). "Outbreak of Botulism Type E Associated with Eating a Beached ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_foodborne_illness_outbreaks_in_the_United_States

"Clostridium botulinum type F: Seasonal inhibition by Bacillus lichenoformis". Science 1967;155(758): 89-90. "Meet the Founder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_W._Wentz

Bott, Thomas L.; Deffner, Janet S.; McCoy, Elizabeth; Foster, E. M. (1966). "Clostridium botulinum Type E in Fish from the ... Christiansen, Lee N.; Deffner, Janet; Foster, E. M.; Sugiyama, H. (1968). "Survival and Outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum Type ... Christiansen, Lee N.; Foster, E. M. (1965). "Effect of Vacuum Packaging on Growth of Clostridium botulinum and Staphylococcus ... Tanaka, N.; Traisman, E.; Lee, M. H.; Cassens, R. G.; Foster, E. M. (1980). "Inhibition of Botulinum Toxin Formation in Bacon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Michael_Foster

"Natural Clostridium botulinum Type C Toxicosis in a Group of Cats". J Clin Microbiol. 42 (11): 5406-8. doi:10.1128/JCM.42.11. ... The most common type is Coonhound paralysis. This is similar to Guillain-Barré syndrome in humans. Coonhound paralysis seems to ... Hyperchylomicronemia or hyperlipoproteinemia is a type of inherited hyperlipidemia in cats. Polyneuropathy is caused by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyneuropathy_in_dogs_and_cats

... of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum can fall into one of 7 different types which are strains A through G. Type ... Yule, Adam; Ian K. Barker; John W. Austin; Richard D. Moccia (2006). "Toxicity of Clostridium Botulinum Type E Neurotoxin to ... Franciosa, G; L. Fenicia; C. Caldiani; P. Aureli (1996). "PCR for detection of Clostridium botulinum type C in avian and ... The Type E strain is also commonly associated with avian outbreaks and is frequently found in fish species which is why most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_botulism

... but the toxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type C may be involved. Clostridium botulinum is a soil-borne ... It may cause grass sickness when the spores of C. botulinum type C are ingested and produce their toxin locally within the ... Grass sickness may affect all types of horse, pony and donkey, and has affected some well known horses including the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass_sickness

... botulinum types A or B. C. botulinum type A was found to be present in soil samples from mountain areas of Victoria. Type-B ... "Rejection of Clostridium putrificum and conservation of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium sporogenes-Opinion 69. Judicial ... of Clostridium botulinum type G and some nontoxigenic strains previously identified as Clostridium subterminale or Clostridium ... Austin, J.W. (January 1, 2003). "CLOSTRIDIUM , Occurrence of Clostridium botulinum". CLOSTRIDIUM. ScienceDirect. Academic Press ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum ... botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431-8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID ... Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of ... Botulinum toxin Injectable filler Danby, FW (Jul-Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrinkle

Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium tetani. The endospore consists of the bacterium's DNA, ribosomes and large amounts of ... Most types of bacteria cannot change to the endospore form. Examples of bacterial species that can form endospores include ... The main types within the cell are terminal, subterminal, and centrally placed endospores. Terminal endospores are seen at the ... Higher concentrations of bleach are not more effective, and can cause some types of bacteria to aggregate and thus survive. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore

Many pathogenic bacteria, such as food-borne Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum, secrete toxins into the host to ... Each of these different types of organisms can then be further classified as a pathogen based on its mode of transmission. This ... Each of these three types of antimicrobials can be classified into two subsequent groups: bactericidal and bacteriostatic. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–pathogen_interaction

"Effects of potassium sorbate and other antibotulinal agents on germination and outgrowth of Clostridium botulinum type E spores ... "Effects of various concentrations of sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate on Clostridium botulinum toxin production in ... The type of bacteria also affects sodium nitrite's effectiveness. It is generally agreed that sodium nitrite is not effective ... The results show that there is no change in levels of inoculated C botulinum over the curing process, which implies that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_nitrite

Tests showed that none were contaminated with botulinum toxin types A, B, E, and F and were free of Clostridium botulinum ... a type of fish sauce usually made from fermented anchovies or sand lances, is used as a crucial ingredient in many types of ... As such, patis usually takes longer to produce than other types of fish sauce as it is reliant on the readiness of bagoong. ... Historically, there were two types of fish sauce made in Thailand: that made with a fresh-water fish, pla soi, and sauce made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_sauce

Several bacteria, such as E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, and Salmonella enterica, are well-known and are targeted for ... This type of storage manipulates the CO2 and O2 levels within airtight stores of containers. Modified atmosphere (MA) storage ... There are five main types of microbial pathogens which contaminate food and water: viruses, bacteria, fungi, pathogenic ... the technologies of modified atmosphere and controlled atmosphere are widely used for the storage and packing of several types ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_biological_process_engineering

The first type is called Clostridium botulinum and targets food such as meat and poultry, and Bacillus cereus, which targets ... Mold is a type of fungus, but the two terms are not reciprocal of each other; they have their own defining features and perform ... The cause of such a process is due to many outside factors as a side-effect of the type of product it is, as well as how the ... Very well known types of mold are Aspergillus and Penicillium, and, like regular fungi, create a fuzz, powder and slime of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_spoilage

Nitrites are added during processing to act as preservatives and as antibacterial agents against clostridium botulinum, the ... The rolled type is typical of northern Italy, while the flattened type is typical of central and southern Italy. While most ... It can also be used in carbonara pasta (although guanciale is generally regarded as more traditional). The two basic types of ... Nitrosamines have also been shown to play a part in Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases, as well as type 1 and 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancetta

"Sporulation of Clostridium botulinum Types A, B and E, Clostridium Perfringens, and putrefactive Anaerobe 3679 in dialysis sacs ... "Comparative Dose-Survival Curves of Representative Clostridium botulinum Type F Spores and Type A and B Spores", Applied and ... "Production of Types A and B Spores of Clostridium botulinum by the Biphasic Method: Effect on Spore Population, Radiation ... "Cryogenic Gamma Irradiation of Prototype Pork and Chicken and Antagonistic Effect between Clostridium botulinum Types A and B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_Anellis

Clostridium botulinum- Spore found in foods that have not been canned properly. Clostridium botulinum is sometimes sold as ... Can cause two types of food poisoning: emetic and diarrheal -Bacillus subtilis- Found in soil -Clostridium tetani,- Spore that ... A different type of staining called acid-fast stain will have to be done in order to get further information about this ... Types of endospores that can be identified include free endospores, central endospores( middle of the cell), subterminal( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore_staining

"Crystal structures of OrfX2 and P47 from a Botulinum neurotoxin OrfX-type gene cluster". FEBS Letters. 591 (22): 3781-3792. doi ... "The hypothetical protein P47 of Clostridium botulinum E1 strain Beluga has a structural topology similar to bactericidal/ ... "Concerted actions of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein in type 2 diabetes: effects of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesteryl_ester_transfer_protein

Botulism is a rare disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This microbe is primarily found in the soil or ... According to studies, there is an estimated 60,000 different types of bacteria that reside in the soil. Terrestrial bacteria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogenous_bacteria

The seven main types of botulinum toxin are named types A to G (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). New types are occasionally found ... Botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum is the cause of botulism. Humans most commonly ingest the toxin from eating ... types E and F can cause disease in humans, while the other types cause disease in other animals. Botulinum toxin types A and B ... Botulinum toxin, often shortened to BoNT, is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin

Botulinum toxin infusion As an alternative to the deep digital flexor tenotomy, Clostridium botulinum type A toxin has been ... Carter DW, Renfroe JB (July 2009). "A novel approach to the treatment and prevention of laminitis: botulinum toxin type A for ... Trimming Successful treatment for any type of founder must necessarily involve stabilization of the bony column by some means. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminitis

The bacterium Clostridium botulinum for example, produces a powerful exotoxin that cause respiratory paralysis, and Salmonellae ... Two other types of bacterial motion are called twitching motility that relies on a structure called the type IV pilus, and ... There are many types of antibiotics, and each class inhibits a process that is different in the pathogen from that found in the ... Many types of secretion systems are known and these structures are often essential for the virulence of pathogens, so are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria

The toxins normally produced by the various types are shown in table 1 The alpha-toxin of Clostridium botulinum types C and D, ... closely related to Clostridium botulinum type C and D, instead. The toxins are designated by Greek letters. ... Type strain of Clostridium novyi at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase (Articles with short description, Short ... Moore WB (October 1968). "Solidified media suitable for the cultivation of Clostridium novyi type B". Journal of General ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_novyi

"Clostridium argentinense sp. nov.: A Genetically Homogeneous Group Composed of All Strains of Clostridium botulinum Toxin Type ... botulinum toxin group G, respectively. Like Cl. botulinum, Cl. argentinense produces botulin, a neurotoxin that causes botulism ... Clostridium argentinense is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. Some bacilli now identified as Cl. argentinense were ... "Clostridium argentinense". Retrieved 2011-01-21. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_argentinense

Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum, Streptococcus equi subspecies equi, Equine influenza, Equine herpesvirus type 1 ... Eight horses that had received prophylactic botulinum antitoxin and developed subsequent signs of Theiler's disease were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theiler's_disease

Tier 1 BSATs are indicated by an asterisk (*). Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium* Coxiella burnetii ... Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin Conotoxins Ricin Saxitoxin Staphylococcal enterotoxins Tetrodotoxin 2 Type A ... Alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1) Menangle virus Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (contagious caprine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Select_agent

"The bacteria of the Clostridium botulinum C and D types". In 1929 he was also director of the Bacterial Vaccine Section at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Robinson_(veterinarian)

Clostridium botulinum type A MeSH B03.300.390.400.200.160.100 - Clostridium botulinum type B MeSH B03.300.390.400.200.160.150 ... Clostridium botulinum type C MeSH B03.300.390.400.200.160.200 - Clostridium botulinum type D MeSH B03.300.390.400.200.160.250 ... Clostridium botulinum type E MeSH B03.300.390.400.200.160.300 - Clostridium botulinum type F MeSH B03.300.390.400.200.160.350 ... Clostridium botulinum type A MeSH B03.510.415.400.200.160.100 - Clostridium botulinum type B MeSH B03.510.415.400.200.160.150 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(B03)

The 20S complex is a known target for Clostridium neurotoxins including Botulinum A, C. and E, which block synaptic ... SNAPs associate with the proteins of the SNARE (SNAP REceptor) complex, a class of type II integral membrane protein, as well ... Botulinum toxins do not directly interact with SNAP, but the indirectly impact its ability to assemble into the 20S complex ... Poisoning by botulinum toxin generally occurs through ingestion of material contaminated with the toxin producing bacteria or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluble_NSF_attachment_protein

Type C and D BoNTS have been shown to be encoded by clostridial phages and are produced by Clostridium botulinum strains ... The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium species, is ... Botulinum toxins, exotoxins of Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic naturally occurring substances known to man. Proft T ( ... Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are protein neurotoxins that are produced by the bacteria Clostridium. BoNTs are now largely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_toxin

Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) and several viruses (including enterovirus 17 [human ... five types of virus, and four toxins. Of these, three-anthrax, botulinum and aflatoxin-had proceeded to weaponization for ... botulinum toxins, and Clostridium perfringens toxins. Post-war inspections by UNSCOM, however, were confounded by ... From the United States, the non-profit American Type Culture Collection and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control sold or sent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_biological_weapons_program

Clostridium baratii, Clostridium botulinum, Fusobacterium mortiferum, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, ... The type specimen - an adult male - was described as having a dark brown head which was conspicuously marked with yellow spots ... Notably, a total of 26 species in the gut and oral cavity were identified as potential human pathogenic bacteria: Clostridium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploderma_splendidum

Clostridium botulinum type C toxin has been incriminated as the cause of grass sickness, a condition in horses which occurs in ... by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum is a large anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus that forms ... Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod. Botulinum toxin is one of the most powerful known ... However, further studies showed type H to be a chimeric toxin composed of parts of types F and A (FA). Some types produce a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism

Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) injections and ultrasound are also sometimes used for cases refractory to medications. In ... Samotus O, Kumar N, Rizek P, Jog M (January 2018). "Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections as Monotherapy for Upper Limb Essential ... "Long-term tremor therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor with sensor-guided botulinum toxin type A injections". PLOS ONE. 12 ... This type of tremor is often referred to as "kinetic tremor". Essential tremor has been known as "benign essential tremor", but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_tremor

Clostridium botulinum, and Salmonella spp.) Viruses and related agents such as viroids. (E.g. HIV, Rhinovirus, Lyssaviruses ... Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial ( ... This type of infection is one that is transmitted from a health care worker to a patient. A nosocomial infection is also one ... "Types of Fungal Diseases". www.cdc.gov. 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-12-09. Mada, Pradeep Kumar; Jamil, Radia T.; Alam, Mohammed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens Bacillus cereus The rare but potentially deadly disease botulism occurs when the ... Some types of microbes stay in the intestine, some produce a toxin that is absorbed into the bloodstream, and some can directly ... Some types of microbes stay in the intestine. For contaminants requiring an incubation period, symptoms may not manifest for ... anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum grows in improperly canned low-acid foods and produces botulin, a powerful paralytic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodborne_illness

... which may have been contaminated with Clostridium botulinum bacteria. However, these reports never deterred the Egyptians from ... Type of fermented fish dish from Korea's Jeolla province [1] Baheyeldin Dynasty site "Egyptians celebrate Sham El-Nessim in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesikh

For example, the microorganism Clostridium botulinum (which causes botulism) can only be eliminated at temperatures above the ... "Codex standard for canned sardines and sardine-type products codex stan 94 -1981 REV. 1-1995" (PDF). Codex Alimentarius. FAO/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canned_fish

... secreted by Clostridium tetani and the botulinum toxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum. Exotoxins are also produced by a ... Examples for Yersinia pestis are an altered form of lipopolysaccharide, type three secretion system, and YopE and YopJ ... and Clostridium difficile (causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis). A potent three-protein virulence factor produced by ... range of other bacteria including Escherichia coli; Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera); Clostridium perfringens ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence_factor

According to the type of pathogens and how risky they are, the intensity of the hurdles can be adjusted individually to meet ... The main target of these hurdles is C. botulinum. Growth of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation results in acid production ... For example, Gram-positive bacteria include some of the more important spoilage bacteria, such as Clostridium, Bacillus and ... The result is a pH hurdle important in controlling growth of C. botulinum." There can be significant synergistic effects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurdle_technology

Anthrax Clostridium botulinum Tularemia Smallpox and other pox viruses Viral hemorrhagic fevers Arenaviruses: Lymphocytic ... These were classified according to their types. The following table summarizes the major outbreaks since 1998 caused by ... Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens Food-borne and Water-borne Pathogens Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni Diarrheagenic E. ... Anaplasmosis Aspergillus BK virus Bordetella pertussis Borrelia miyamotoi Clostridium difficile Cryptococcus gattii ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_infectious_disease

Even when a potential weapon, such as Clostridium botulinum exotoxin (Botox or "botulinus toxin") is discovered, the amounts or ... Some specialized equipment has also been fielded in some unspecified numbers to counter the threat of BW to PLA troops: Type 76 ... An example of this type of instrumentation is the Casella slit-to-agar, a single-stage impactor used in civilian environmental ... or types of energy, that are responsible for pixels or groups of pixels: signatures. When the signatures are then correlated to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_MASINT

This process reliably kills all commonly occurring microorganisms (particularly Clostridium botulinum), preventing it from ... A retort pouch or retortable pouch is a type of food packaging made from a laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retort_pouch

... -Clostridium Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium botulinum Clostridium butyricum Clostridium difficile Clostridium ... Calculating the TmHMM profile, secondary structure and third position GC-Skew are just a few types of analyses users can ... kluyveri Clostridium novyi Clostridium perfringens Clostridium phytofermentans Clostridium tetani Clostridium thermocellum ... Clostridium botulinum, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Clostridium perfringens, and Entamoeba histolytica) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathema

against Clostridium botulinum. J Food Prot 2002, 65:806-813. von der Weid I, Alviano DS, Santos AL, Soares RM, Alviano CS, ... IQ Test for Bacteria Type strain of Paenibacillus dendritiformis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase (Articles ... plant pathogenic bacteria and even important anaerobic pathogens as Clostridium botulinium. P. dendritiformis is a social ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paenibacillus_dendritiformis

... has been linked to outbreaks of some food-borne illnesses, including Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium botulinum. ... Leaf types are generally divided between crinkled-leaf, loose-head savoys and smooth-leaf firm-head cabbages, while the color ... Different varieties prefer different soil types, ranging from lighter sand to heavier clay, but all prefer fertile ground with ... pekinensis). Savoy cabbages are usually used in salads, while smooth-leaf types are utilized for both market sales and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage

In the most common type, the spasms begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body. Each spasm usually lasts a few ... Hanif H, Anjum A, Ali N, Jamal A, Imran M, Ahmad B, Ali MI (October 2015). "Isolation and Antibiogram of Clostridium tetani ... Foran P, Shone CC, Dolly JO (December 1994). "Differences in the protease activities of tetanus and botulinum B toxins revealed ... Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani, and is characterized by muscle spasms. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus

Certain pathogens must be heated above boiling (e.g. botulism - Clostridium botulinum requires 118 °C (244 °F), most endospores ... odours from certain type of bacteria, particularly Actinomycetes which produce geosmin, and saltiness from brackish or sea ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purification

Association determined that legally permitted levels of nitrite have no effect on the growth of the Clostridium botulinum ... There are many types of curing salts often specific to a country or region. One of the most common curing salts. It is also ... The results show that there is no change in levels of inoculated C botulinum over the curing process, which implies that the ... Type of salt-cured pork Charcuterie - Branch of cooking of prepared meat products, primarily from pork Cured fish - Fish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curing_salt

Properly cured sauerkraut is sufficiently acidic to prevent a favorable environment for the growth of Clostridium botulinum, ... A homemade type of very mild sauerkraut is available, where white cabbage is pickled with salt in a refrigerator for only three ... In Romania , the local type of sauerkraut ("varza murata" = whole pickled cabbage heads) are used as wrap for the national dish ... see http://www.mariner.org/exploration/index.php?type=webpage&id=55 / What did they eat? which begins "One of Cook's most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerkraut

Posts about Clostridium botulinum toxin type A written by What Doctors Dont Tell You ...

https://healthy.net/tag/clostridium-botulinum-toxin-type-a/

1985)‎. A replacement preparation for the international standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin : report of an ... A replacement preparation for the international standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin : report of an ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/61063

Title : Use of immunofluorescence to identify Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and E. Personal Author(s) : Midura, T. F.; ... Use of immunofluorescence to identify Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and E.. ... Use of immunofluorescence to identify Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and E. ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/74699

LOINC Code 33704-8 Clostridium botulinum toxin A+B+E [Presence] in Specimen by Mouse bioassay neutralization ... Type. Laboratory. First Released. Version 2.09. Last Updated. Version 2.69. Change Reason. The PrThr property is used for LOINC ... C. botulinum toxin A+B+E Mouse bioassay neutralization Ql (Specimen). Consumer Name Alpha. Clostridium botulinum toxin A+B+E, ... Clostridium botulinum toxin A+B+E. Property. PrThr. Time. Pt. System. XXX. Scale. Ord. Method. Mouse bioassay.neutralization. ...

https://loinc.org/33704-8/

Clostridium botulinum em pescado do litoral do estado de sao paulo. I-ocorrencia em pescada-foguete (macrodon ancylodon), bagre ... Document type:. Artículo. Approach:. Aplicado, experimental. Disciplines:. Biología,. Medicina veterinaria y zootecnia,. ... Clostridium botulinum,. Ocurrencia,. Sao Paulo. Keyword:. Biology,. Veterinary medicine and animal husbandry,. Chemistry,. ... Clostridium botulinum em pescado do litoral do estado de sao paulo. I-ocorrencia em pescada-foguete (macrodon ancylodon), bagre ...

https://biblat.unam.mx/en/revista/coletanea-do-instituto-de-tecnologia-de-alimentos/articulo/clostridium-botulinum-em-pescado-do-litoral-do-estado-de-sao-paulo-i-ocorrencia-em-pescada-foguete-macrodon-ancylodon-bagre-do-mar-netuna-barba-e-sardinha-verdadeira-sardinella-brasiliensis

... botulinum toxin type A (BTA) binds to the motor nerve terminal. The binding domain of the type A molecule appears to be the ... One of several toxins produced by clostridium botulinum. Blocks neuromuscular transmission through a 3-step process: (1) ... Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors enhance the effects of nitric oxide in smooth muscle relaxation of the corpus cavernosum by ... Grunfeld A, Murray CA, Solish N. Botulinum toxin for hyperhidrosis: a review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2009. 10(2):87-102. [QxMD ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1173756-108695/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-autonomic-neuropathy

... added to vegetatively growing cultures of a sporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum at inoculation time or after 4 h, ... Comparative studies of an asporogenic mutant and a wild type strain of Clostridium botulinum type E. Canadian Journal of ... Ultrastructure and characterization of an asporogenic mutant of Clostridium botulinum type E. Canadian Journal of Microbiology ... The Effect of Sublethal Doses of Rifampin on the Sporulation of Clostridium botulinum * R. Z. Hawirko1, K. L. Chung2, A. J. C. ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-92-1-81

Categories: Clostridium botulinum Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Clostridium+botulinum&parentid=6589&catid=6593

Also called: Botulinum toxin type A Summary. Botox is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum ... Botulinum Toxin (Botox) for Facial Wrinkles (American Academy of Ophthalmology) * Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Treatment for ... Article: Long-Term Muscular Atrophy and Weakness Following Cessation of Botulinum Toxin Type... ... Botulinum Toxin Therapy: Overview (American Academy of Dermatology) * Counterfeit Version of Botox Found in the United States ( ...

https://medlineplus.gov/botox.html

Clostridium are spore forming and toxin producing obligate anaerobes. Clostridium form endospores under adverse environmental ... Clostridium is a gram-positive rod shaped bacteria (bacilli). ... There are different types of Clostridium botulinum:. · ... Clostridium myonecrosis) which is caused by Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and Clostridium food poisoning (enterotoxin). ... Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin that causes flaccid muscular paralysis due to failure of neuromuscular ...

https://medium.com/@Dr_nabil_ebraheim/clostridium-bacteria-f35946463ef1

Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. The bacteria produces a toxin that ... Sometimes Clostridium butyricum or Clostridium baratii bacteria cause botulism. The spores of Clostridium botulinum bacteria ... Botox uses a purified and heavily diluted form of Clostridium botulinum. You may receive botulinum toxin treatments for ... Types of botulism include foodborne, infant and wound botulism. Botulism is usually caused by a bacteria called Clostridium ...

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17828-botulism

Type A Botulinum Toxins Medicine & Life Sciences 8% * Cell Membrane Medicine & Life Sciences 5% ... keywords = "Binding domain structure, Botulinum neurotoxin, Clostridium botulinum, Crystallography, Subtypes",. author = " ... Davies, J. R., Rees, J., Liu, S. M., & Acharya, K. R. (2017). High resolution crystal structures of Clostridium botulinum ... Davies, JR, Rees, J, Liu, SM & Acharya, KR 2017, High resolution crystal structures of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin A3 and ...

https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/high-resolution-crystal-structures-of-iclostridium-botulinumi-neu

Clostridium botulinum 1 * Clostridium botulinum type A 2 * Coronavirus 13 * Corynebacterium diphtheriae 1 ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/cbrowse?pid=cdc%3A24915&parentId=cdc%3A24915&start=460

Clostridium botulinum B toxin; Elan brand of botulinum toxin type B; Myobloc; NeuroBloc; botulinum B toxin; botulinum ... 02/01/2005 - "[The dosage of botulinum toxin type B in adductor type spasmodic dysphonia].". 09/01/2002 - "Botulinum toxin type ... 07/01/2015 - "Botulinum toxin type B for chronic pain: panacea or snake oil? ". 12/01/2014 - "Botulinum toxin type B: pH change ... 09/01/2005 - "Efficacy of botulinum toxin type B (BoNT B) for the treatment of type A-resistant (AR) and non-A-resistant (NAR) ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC096323.do

A replacement preparation for the international standard for clostridium botulinum type B antitoxin : report of an ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?type=author&value=Lyng%2C+Jorn

... a natural poison produced by the spore-forming bacteria Clostridium botulinum. ... The toxin is one of seven (A-G) made and released by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botulism toxin types A, B, E, and F ... Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming bacterium. Like the well-known anthrax bacillus, the spores of Clostridium botulinum ... Botulinum toxin. Definition. Botulinum toxin is the purified form of a poison created by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/botulism

Order our Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B online here. ... List Labs Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Toxoid from Clostridium ... HomeToxoidsBotulinum ToxoidsBotulinum Neurotoxin Type B Toxoid from Clostridium botulinum. ... Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Complex, Nicked, from Clostridium botulinum. #138B (100 ug), #138A (10 ug) ... Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B, Nicked, from Clostridium botulinum. #136A (10 ug), #136B (100 ug) ...

https://listlabs.com/product/buy-botulinum-neurotoxin-type-b-toxoidfrom-clostridium-botulinum/

... disruption method was used for the extraction of cellular proteins from neurotoxigenic Clostridium botulinum. The amount of ... Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 9/28/2011 Publication Date: 1/3/2012 Citation: Bhaduri, S ... an acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate disruption method for cellular protein extraction from neuropathogenic Clostridium botulinum ... An acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate method was evaluated for extraction of cellular proteins from C. botulinum prepared for ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=267978

This review aims to highlight the role of TCSs as a central point in the regulation of toxin production in C. botulinum. ... Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins ever known. BoNTs associate with non-toxic proteins to form complexes ... Keywords : Clostridium botulinum toxin regulation two-component systems Document type : Journal articles ... Two-component systems and toxinogenesis regulation in Clostridium botulinum Chloé Connan 1 Michel R. Popoff 1, * Details. * ...

https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01115185

Share on Pinterest Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are all types of pathogens. A pathogen brings disease to its host. Another name ... Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Cronobacter sakazakii, Esherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp ... Different types of pathogens. Share on Pinterest Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are all types of pathogens. A pathogen brings ... What are the 4 types of diseases?. There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary ...

https://scienceoxygen.com/what-is-pathogen-and-examples/

Xeomin contains botulinum toxin type A, a protein purified from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. (Note that while this is ... Botox-another injectable that works to reduce fine lines-is also made from botulinum toxin type A, but Xeomin differentiates ... help to stabilize the molecules of botulinum toxin, and arent essential to its function. Theres a theory that those accessory ... the same toxin that causes botulism, a rare but serious illness that attacks the bodys nerves, botulinum toxin has benefits ...

https://www.health.com/beauty/skincare/gwyneth-paltrow-xeomin

Botox is the brand name for botulinum toxin A, a type of toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum. The toxin ... "Given that 25 to 30 million people in this country are affected by various types of headache, the real beauty of using Botox is ... and other nerve injury types of pain, said Dr. Charles E. Argoff, professor of neurology at Albany Medical College and director ...

https://dailygazette.com/2008/01/01/0101_Botox/

Botulism is a deadly illness caused by various strains of the Clostridium bacterium, most commonly Clostridium botulinum. The ... Deeply Dented cans at the seams are likely to allow other types of bacteria to infiltrate the can and thrive, but not C. ... Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic bacteria and will not survive with oxygen (or foods high in acidity). ... that is not how C botulinum enters or exists in its dormant state. The bacterium that causes botulism, C. botulinum, exists as ...

https://scienceline.org/2014/07/dented-cans-no-deal-or-no-problem/

... manufactured by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. This is the same type of bacteria that causes botulism, a progressive ... Allergy to Botox: Hypersensitivity to the botulinum toxin in Botox can lead to anaphylactic shock, characterized by swelling, ... For chronic migraine, injections of botulinum toxin target nerve endings associated with pain, blocking them from releasing ... Botox is a botulinum neurotoxin, a poison that affects nerves, ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/botox-for-migraine-5201895

NR-4527 Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Complex, Purified from Clostridium botulinum, Strain Hall ... NR-10125 Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Complex, Purified from Clostridium botulinum, Strain B-Okra ... NR-10127 Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B, Purified from Clostridium botulinum, Strain B-Okra ... NR-4529 Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A, Purified from Clostridium botulinum, Strain Hall ...

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... tomatoes that are less acidic than the traditional types might support the growth and toxin production of Clostridium botulinum ... Clostridium botulinum and its neurotoxins. More than 72 h. Numbness, weakness of legs, spastic paralysis, impairment of vision ... Muscaria-type mushrooms(f). Tingling and numbness, dizziness, pallor, gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, and desquamation of skin, ... the causes epidemiologically associated with the type and condition of the implicated food, and 2) the clinical signs and ...

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-25-investigation-food-implicated-illness

In severe cases, Clostridium difficile toxins can cause pseudomembranous colitis, which is a severe inflammation of the colon. (medium.com)
This strand of Clostridium produces harmful toxins that cause Gas Gangrene (Clostridium myonecrosis) which is caused by Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and Clostridium food poisoning (enterotoxin). (medium.com)
These organisms produce type E and F toxins. (medscape.com)
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins ever known. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The botulinum toxins (there are seven -- types are A through G) attach themselves to nerve endings. (howstuffworks.com)
Certain botulinum toxins attack these proteins. (howstuffworks.com)
Basically, the botulinum toxins block the signals that would normally tell your muscles to contract. (howstuffworks.com)
Type A is the most powerful of the toxins and is marketed by Allergen Pharmaceuticals under the brand name Botox. (tlhplasticsurgery.com)
botulinum are identified by the complete neutralization of their toxins using the homologous antitoxin . (nsnsearch.com)
Myobloc belongs to a class of drugs called Neuromuscular Blockers, Botulinum Toxins. (rxlist.com)
The botulism toxin is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, and is one of the deadliest known toxins. (pa.gov)
Botulism is a rare but very serious type of food poisoning caused by toxins produced by bacteria ( Clostridium botulinum ) that are commonly found in soil. (healthwise.net)
Botulinum toxins (Botox) are also injectable fillers, though they work differently. (ha-dermalfillers.com)
10 In China, two type A BoNT grow and produce toxins in foods in an anaerobic, non- outbreaks were caused by consumption of smoked ribs by acidic environment with low sugar and salt. (who.int)

B century, and commercially canned foods caused outbreaks otulism is a paralytic illness caused by neurotoxins of in the 19th and early 20th centuries before standard meth- the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, Clostridium ods for inactivating C. botulinum spores in cans were per- botulinum , and rarely, by botulinum toxin-producing fected (6). (cdc.gov)
Botulinum neurotoxins induce block- of botulism in the continental United States (1,7). (cdc.gov)
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the life-threatening condition, botulism. (bath.ac.uk)
Botulinum toxin A is one of the neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. (howstuffworks.com)
Botox is created from the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, which produces seven types of neurotoxins. (tlhplasticsurgery.com)
Botulism is a neuromuscular disorder caused by neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum , an anaerobic rod shaped bacterium which forms spores. (visavet.es)
Eight neurotoxins have been isolated from C.botulinum , but clinical botulism in horses has been attributed to types A, B, C and D. Spores are highly resistant to heat, light, and drying. (visavet.es)
The four C. botulinum strains produced one of three neurotoxins (BoNT/A, /B, or /F), and their protein profiles were compared to that of a fifth non-Toxigenic strain of C. sporogenes. (nau.edu)
Botulism is a life-threatening condition caused outbreak of BoNT type E in 1997 was linked to consump- by botulinal neurotoxins (BoNTs). (who.int)
Background & objectives: Botulinum neurotoxins (A-G) are among most poisonous substances in the world, produced by obligate anaerobic bacteria Clostridum botulinum. (who.int)

Tissue and serum specimens obtained from the patient were positive for type A botulinal toxin by mouse bioassay, and histochemical staining of an excised abscess indicated the presence of spores and vegetative cells consistent with Clostridium botulinum. (cdc.gov)
botulinum spores to germinate. (cdc.gov)
Foodborne botulism can happen when you eat foods contaminated with Clostridium botulinum spores. (clevelandclinic.org)
Botulism in babies can occur when Clostridium botulinum spores are ingested. (clevelandclinic.org)
Ingesting botulinum spores doesn't cause botulism in healthy older children and adults. (clevelandclinic.org)
Wound botulism can develop when Clostridium botulinum spores get into a wound. (clevelandclinic.org)
It's a very rare kind of botulism that can happen when Clostridium botulinum spores get into your intestines. (clevelandclinic.org)
They may develop anywhere from three to 30 days after exposure to Clostridium botulinum spores. (clevelandclinic.org)
Clostridia and their spores exist all over the world, especially in soil and aquatic sediments. (encyclopedia.com)
Alternatively, diagnosis is confirmed by isolation of type C botulinum toxin from suspect feed samples or of bacteria or spores from GI samples, followed by culture and real-time PCR assay for Clostridium botulinum type C toxin genes. (merckvetmanual.com)
A survey of dried mushrooms (Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) and Auricularia auricula (Wood Ear)) sourced from China was carried out to determine the natural contamination of these mushrooms with spores of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum and non-proteolytic C. botulinum. (uea.ac.uk)
Spore loads of C. botulinum in mushrooms have a degree of uncertainty and variability and this study contributes valuable data for determining prevalence of spores of C. botulinum in mushrooms. (uea.ac.uk)
An optimized detection protocol that combined selective enrichment culture with multiplex PCR was used to test for spores of proteolytic and non-proteolytic C. botulinum. (uea.ac.uk)
Detection limits were calculated, using a maximum likelihood protocol, from mushroom samples inoculated with defined numbers of spores of proteolytic C. botulinum or non-proteolytic C. botulinum. (uea.ac.uk)
1500spores/kg of proteolytic C. botulinum and it was not possible to determine reliable detection limits for spores of non-proteolytic C. botulinum using the current detection protocol. (uea.ac.uk)
C. botulinum spores are often found on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables and in seafood . (nsnsearch.com)
Botulism may occur after ingestion of preformed botulinum toxin in contaminated feed, ingestion of spores with the production of toxin within the gastrointestinal tract (toxicoinfectious botulism), or the contamination of wounds with C.botulinum . (visavet.es)
the subject of our study), also known as 'floppy baby syndrome', results from ingestion of Clostridium botulinum spores with subsequent colonization in the gut and releases botulism toxin, causing acute flaccid descending paralysis. (cdc.gov)
And the second type is wound botulism, in which Clostridium botulinum spores get into wounds, especially after a traumatic injury, post-op, or IVDU. (cdc.gov)
contains botulinum spores, and that's why it is recommended to avoid honey consumption until one year old. (cdc.gov)
1 C. botulinum spores of fermented food in 2006. (who.int)
1 C. botulinum was found to be the main source of a type A botulism is present in the environment, with type A or B spores outbreak in two elderly people in the United States in being found primarily in terrestrial vegetables and type E 2017. (who.int)
Honey can harbor spores of Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism. (twocatpots.com)

Botox is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. (medlineplus.gov)
Iatrogenic botulism can occur when you have too much botulinum toxin (Botox®) injected. (clevelandclinic.org)
Botox uses a purified and heavily diluted form of Clostridium botulinum . (clevelandclinic.org)
Botox-another injectable that works to reduce fine lines-is also made from botulinum toxin type A, but Xeomin differentiates itself from Botox and other neuromodulators by omitting accessory proteins (it's why you may hear that Xeomin has 'unnecessary proteins'), Nazanin Saedi, MD, a board-certified dermatologist at Thomas Jefferson University, tells Health . (health.com)
In Botox and other injectables, those accessory proteins (technically called neurotoxin-associated proteins, or NAPs) help to stabilize the molecules of botulinum toxin, and aren't essential to its function. (health.com)
More recently however, it has been discovered that Botox can significantly reduce pain associated with migraine headaches, daily headaches, and other nerve injury types of pain, said Dr. Charles E. Argoff, professor of neurology at Albany Medical College and director of the Comprehensive Pain Program at Albany Medical Center for the past three months. (dailygazette.com)
Botox is the brand name for botulinum toxin A, a type of toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum. (dailygazette.com)
Given that 25 to 30 million people in this country are affected by various types of headache, the real beauty of using Botox is in helping those people," said Argoff. (dailygazette.com)
Botox , or botulinum toxin type A, is an injectable drug produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum , which temporarily weakens or paralyzes the muscles. (healthline.com)
Botox® is a trade name for botulinum toxin A . In this way, Botox® is related to botulism. (howstuffworks.com)
Botulinum toxin A (Botox) affects the SNAP-25. (howstuffworks.com)
Botox® (botulinum toxin type A) is successfully used to treat blepharospasm, strabismus, and cervical dystonia -- these are all conditions that in some way involve spasms , involuntary muscle contractions. (howstuffworks.com)
Also a form of botulinum toxin type A, when Botox® Cosmetic is injected into the muscles surrounding the brow area for instance, those muscles can not 'scrunch up' for a period of time. (howstuffworks.com)
Here's a brief science lesson: Botox is a brand name for botulinum toxin type a. (youdao.com)
Surgeons have convinced their patients to inject botulinum toxin (aka Botox) into the face of a patient on a regular basis. (youdao.com)
Even the Type-A procedure for the botox treatment has witnessed asurge by an exponential percentage. (bodyfocusspa.com)
To conclude, Botox treatment Midland is a non-surgical cosmetic procedure, which uses a naturally acquired organism called Clostridium botulinum. (bodyfocusspa.com)
Botox, also called botulinum toxin type A, is made from a very small and purified form of botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (healthywomen.org)
The cosmetic form of botulinum toxin, sometimes referred to as 'Botox' by patients, is a popular injectable that temporarily reduces or eliminates facial fine lines and wrinkles. (ha-dermalfillers.com)
You may not know that Botox® and Dysport® are trade names for botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
Botox , formally known as botulinum neurotoxin is a substance injected into the skin to temporarily prevent the movement of muscles. (canadamedlaser.ca)
The botulinum toxin , popularly Botox, is a product of a neurotoxin from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. (canadamedlaser.ca)

Botulinum toxin is lethal at a dose of 10-9 g/kg, making botulinum toxin 15,000-100,000 times more potent than sarin gas. (medscape.com)

Toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum is the main culprit in botulism. (encyclopedia.com)
Xeomin contains botulinum toxin type A, a protein purified from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (health.com)
Botulism is a form of food poisoning that occurs when someone eats something containing a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . (howstuffworks.com)
The neurotoxin is produced by fermentation of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type B (Bean strain) and exists in noncovalent association with hemagglutinin and nonhemagglutinin proteins as a neurotoxin complex. (rxlist.com)
Derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is prescribed for uncontrollable blinking, chronic migraine, overactive bladder and other medical conditions, as well as aesthetic treatments. (bangkokpost.com)
Bar Goldberg] Botulism is a rare but potentially lethal disease caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum , a gram-negative, spore-forming anaerobic bacteria. (cdc.gov)

Botulism is usually caused by a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. (clevelandclinic.org)
However, both types may contain small amounts of the bacteria called Clostridium botulinum, which causes a serious gastrointestinal condition in babies, a condition called infant botulism. (mannlakeltd.com)

Foodborne botulism is a rare illness caused by eating borne botulism events (episode of one or more related foods contaminated with botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
Types of botulism include foodborne, infant and wound botulism. (clevelandclinic.org)
Three types of botulism have been identified: foodborne, wound, and infant botulism. (encyclopedia.com)
An estimated 205,800 foodborne cases from all four types of E. coli occur annually in the United States (Scallan et al. (unitedsafetyagents.com)
And the third type is foodborne botulism, especially in homemade preserved or canned or fermented food that has contained the toxin. (cdc.gov)

In humans, botulinum toxin latches onto specific proteins in nerve endings and irreversibly destroys them. (encyclopedia.com)
Studies of the biological, immunological, and biochemical properties of cellular proteins provide valuable information pertaining to neurotoxigenic pathogens such as Clostridium botulinum. (usda.gov)
An acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate method was evaluated for extraction of cellular proteins from C. botulinum prepared for characterization of protein composition. (usda.gov)
This method is also suitable for the extraction of radioisotope-labeled proteins from C. botulinum safely, since potential biohazard problems caused by the generation of aerosols and contamination of the apparatus are avoided. (usda.gov)
An acetone-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) disruption method was used for the extraction of cellular proteins from neurotoxigenic Clostridium botulinum. (usda.gov)
vegetables and proteins), is clostridium botulinum. (thesnaponline.com)
The resulting protein profiles provide functional information about how four Group I C. botulinum strains and a C. sporogenes strain respond to the culture environment during growth and explores the feasibility of using these proteins to characterize unknown samples. (nau.edu)
A botulinum neurotoxin is a collection of large water-soluble proteins which act on the presynaptic nerve cells of the neuromuscular junctions. (canadamedlaser.ca)

It's a terrifying bacterium, every bit as nasty as its cousin Clostridium tetani , which causes tetanus . (scienceline.org)
Neurotoxic clostridia include Clostridium (C.) tetani (causes tetanus) and C. botulinum (causes botulism). (hipra.com)

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium that produces the most potent biological toxin known, botulinum neurotoxin . (nsnsearch.com)
Members of the genus Clostridium are obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria. (hipra.com)
1 BoNTs are produced In Taiwan (China), two outbreaks have been recorded, by Clostridium botulinum , a Gram-positive, rod- one caused by type A botulism in nine patients who con- shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium. (who.int)

Use of immunofluorescence to identify Clostridium botulinum types A, B, and E. (cdc.gov)
How do you identify Clostridium botulinum in food? (nsnsearch.com)

10] Clostridium baratii and Clostridium butyricum also produce botulinum toxin. (medscape.com)
Other members of the clostridium genus can produce botulinum toxin, namely C. argentinense, C. butyricum , and C. baratii , but they are minor sources. (encyclopedia.com)

Bar Goldberg] So infant botulism is the most common type of botulism. (cdc.gov)
Usually the source of infant botulism isn't known, but we do know that C. botulinum can be found in honey, and since it's also often in environmental sources like dust, it's easy to see how C. botulinum could be ingested. (cdc.gov)

This toxin is made by Clostridium botulinum and sometimes Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii bacteria . (nsnsearch.com)
Finished Whole-Genome Sequences of Clostridium butyricum Toxin Subtype E4 and Clostridium baratii Toxin Subtype F7 Strains. (cdc.gov)

Botulism is a rare but potentially deadly illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum . (cdc.gov)

But you should only get botulinum toxin injections from a licensed medical professional. (clevelandclinic.org)
For chronic migraine, injections of botulinum toxin target nerve endings associated with pain, blocking them from releasing chemicals that activate the brain's pain network. (verywellhealth.com)
Injections of botulinum toxin block the nerve signals to the muscle in which it was injected. (ha-dermalfillers.com)

Annual vaccination of kits (at 6-8 weeks) and breeders with vaccines containing type C botulism toxoid is recommended. (merckvetmanual.com)

To investigate the identity and reproducibility of protein profile patterns for varied strains, we defined the proteomic profiles of four Group I strains of Clostridium botulinum, a Category A biothreat agent and the organism responsible for the production of the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), in two different culture media grown for five days. (nau.edu)

Pulsotype Diversity of Clostridium botulinum Strains Containing Serotypes A and/or B Genes. (cdc.gov)
Some strains of C. botulinum are able to grow and produce toxin above 3° C. (confectionerynews.com)

You may receive botulinum toxin treatments for cosmetic reasons, such as wrinkles. (clevelandclinic.org)

This is the same type of bacteria that causes botulism , a progressive, potentially fatal infection that can lead to muscle paralysis , slurred speech, and droopy eyelids, among other symptoms. (verywellhealth.com)
To decide what treatments, enrichments, or other tests are needed, the microbiologist should evaluate the data in relation to two types of information: l) the causes epidemiologically associated with the type and condition of the implicated food, and 2) the clinical signs and symptoms observed in afflicted individuals. (fda.gov)
What are the symptoms of Clostridium botulinum? (nsnsearch.com)
Postmarketing reports indicate that the effects of MYOBLOC ( botulinum toxin type b) and all botulinum toxin products may spread from the area of injection to produce symptoms consistent with botulinum toxin effects. (rxlist.com)
Symptoms start from 8 hours to 9 days after consumption of contaminated food and last from 6 hours to 19 days, with both periods varying significantly between the illness types. (unitedsafetyagents.com)
Everyone is susceptible to all forms of infection from E. coli, but EPEC is most commonly associated with infants, and all types tend to result in more severe symptoms in the very young and elderly. (unitedsafetyagents.com)

Whether Clostridium argentinense is a subgroup of C botulinum or a separate species is currently under debate. (medscape.com)
Finished Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium argentinense Producing Botulinum Neurotoxin Type G. (cdc.gov)

This outbreak of BoNT/A in cattle in North America was diagnosed via MALDI-TOF MS, a rapid and sensitive modality for detection of botulinum preformed neurotoxin. (elsevier.com)
An ELISA test was developed for the detection of botulinum neurotoxin and the minimum detection limit was also estimated. (who.int)

Clostridium botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin that causes flaccid muscular paralysis due to failure of neuromuscular transmission. (medium.com)
C. botulinum, the bacteria that produces the botulism toxin, is common in the soil of both terrestrial and aquatic environments, but the bacteria will only produce toxin under certain environmental conditions that favor bacterial growth. (pa.gov)
Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type C which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS , especially CATTLE , but not humans. (bvsalud.org)

Immuno-PCR has been found to detect botulinum neurotoxin serotype A to sensitivity levels similar to those associated with the MBA. (nsnsearch.com)
A Novel Botulinum Toxin, Previously Reported as Serotype H, has a Hybrid Structure of Known Serotypes A and F that is Neutralized with Serotype A Antitoxin. (cdc.gov)
The present study aims to develop an immuno detection system for botulinum neurotoxin serotype B using synthetic gene approach. (who.int)

To confirm the presence of botulinum toxin in the culture neutralization tests using specific antisera for each type of botulinum toxin (neutralization test) can be performed, or detection for the presence of Clostridium botulinum genes and its type in the culture medium ( molecular detection by PCR ). (nsnsearch.com)
Here, we use differential RNA-sequencing to identify a previously undescribed promoter motif associated with essential genes for autotrophic growth of the model-acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum . (biorxiv.org)
These types differ in their presentation, the portions of the autonomic nervous system affected, their associated genes, and inheritance pattern. (medscape.com)

Draft Genome Sequence of a Clostridium botulinum Isolate from Thailand Harboring the Subtype bont /B8 Gene. (cdc.gov)

Botulinum toxin blocks motor nerves' ability to release acetylcho-line, the neurotransmitter that relays nerve signals to muscles, and flaccid paralysis occurs. (encyclopedia.com)

Botulinum toxin is the most potent naturally occurring toxin known to humankind. (medscape.com)
Botulin toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. (hcplive.com)

Based on the characteristic lesions, they are classified into neurotoxic, histotoxic and enteric clostridia. (hipra.com)

Wound botulism was the next type to be described. (medscape.com)
C botulinum was cultured from the wounds of asymptomatic patients as early as 1942, but wound botulism was not described as it is known today until 1951. (medscape.com)
Laboratory confirmation is done by demonstrating the presence of toxin in serum, stool, or food, or by culturing C. botulinum from stool, a wound or food . (nsnsearch.com)
A second way people can develop botulism is when botulinum toxin is produced in a wound that has C. botulinum in it. (cdc.gov)
In the US these days, wound botulism most often occurs in injection drug users who introduce the C. botulinum into wounds when they skin-pop black tar heroin. (cdc.gov)
But people can also get wound botulism when C. botulinum from soil contaminates other kinds of wounds, like open fractures and wounds from motor vehicle accidents. (cdc.gov)

Clostridium perfringens is anerobic gram positive spore forming rods. (medium.com)
Clostridium perfringens are found in soil and are members of the normal gut flora. (medium.com)
Clostridium perfringens grow rapidly in ischemic tissues and anerobic conditions. (medium.com)
C. perfringens type A and C, as well as C. difficile , are typical pathogens of suckling piglet diarrhoea. (hipra.com)
Histotoxic clostridia, which cause gas oedema diseases, include C. septicum , C. chauvoei , C. sordelli , C. perfringens type A and C. noyvi . (hipra.com)
The log counts population per million reads for all investigated pathogens (Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, generic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium (C. botulinum, C. perfringens), and Campylobacter (C.jejuni, C.coli, C.fetus)) were reduced from Arrival to Market-Ready samples mainly due to reduced diversity within the microbiome. (cdc.gov)

Timely antitoxin administration may arrest the progression botulinum neurotoxin. (cdc.gov)
Botulinum antitoxin was not available in Vietnam during the outbreak in July and August. (foodsafetynews.com)
Given that botulinum antitoxin was not accessible, and their severe status, all patients received a trial of plasma exchange therapy, but no clear benefit was seen. (foodsafetynews.com)
Agam Rao] Botulism is treated with management in an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation when needed, and botulinum antitoxin. (cdc.gov)
Botulinum antitoxin is most helpful if administered early during the patient's illness, so it's really important that physicians get that antitoxin as soon as possible when they find out about a patient's illness. (cdc.gov)

Purification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin FA from a Genetically Modified Clostridium botulinum Strain. (cdc.gov)

Clostridium are spore forming and toxin producing obligate anaerobes. (medium.com)

This mode of transmission is common with type C botulism in the western United States, but the maggot-carcass cycle also occurs with type E botulism outbreaks in the Great Lakes. (pa.gov)
In India, the prevalence of C. botulinum as well as botulism outbreaks have been reported. (who.int)

Botulism Botulism in Animals read more is caused by ingestion of preformed toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum . (merckvetmanual.com)
In mink, it is most often caused by ingestion of type C toxin. (merckvetmanual.com)
In adult horses the most common type of botulism is produced by ingestion of preformed botulinum toxin in decaying vegetable matter. (visavet.es)

Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin were superior to balloon dilatation in clinical relapse rate. (youdao.com)
I am interested in Facial Injection Botulinum Toxin Type A 3 Years Shelf Life could you send me more details such as type, size, quantity, material, etc. (ha-dermalfillers.com)
Recently, the local injection of botulinum toxin was reported as excellent therapeutic option. (bvsalud.org)

Which among these types of honey is the sweetest or the healthiest? (mannlakeltd.com)
Some types of raw honey even hold a taste that matches the flowers the honey bees foraged from while making that season's honey. (mannlakeltd.com)

There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, deficiency diseases, hereditary diseases (including both genetic diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases), and physiological diseases. (scienceoxygen.com)
Botulinum toxin shows a great promise either in dermatological disease like mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea," the authors wrote. (hcplive.com)

C botulinum is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobe that naturally inhabits soil, dust, and fresh and cooked agricultural products. (medscape.com)

In vivo studies of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) enabled characterization of its activity in the nociceptive sensory system separate from its preferred action in motor and autonomic nerve terminals. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular Characterization of Clostridium botulinum Harboring the bont/B7 Gene. (cdc.gov)

It's the same toxin that causes a life-threatening type of food poisoning called botulism . (medlineplus.gov)
Exposure to the botulinum toxin occurs mostly from eating contaminated food, or in infants, from certain clostridia growing in the intestine. (encyclopedia.com)
Food that has been improperly preserved or stored can harbor botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. (encyclopedia.com)
The term OAB has been adopted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to expand the number and types of patients eligible for clinical trials. (medscape.com)
Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by identification of Clostridium botulinum type B from the suspected food source made by Loi Song Moi Company. (foodsafetynews.com)
Presence of Clostridium botulinum in the food samples of all cases was confirmed and diagnosis of botulism established. (foodsafetynews.com)
What detection techniques they used to detect C botulinum and its toxin in either human specimens or contaminated food products? (nsnsearch.com)
Apr 18, 2002 (CIDRAP News) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) this week endorsed a widespread cosmetic procedure by approving the use of botulinum toxin type A to temporarily smooth frown lines between the eyebrows. (umn.edu)
It is the single most poisonous substance known and also causes the life-threatening type of food poisoning called botulism. (healthywomen.org)
Learning how to preserve different types of food is a practical skill you can use to supplement your emergency food supply. (cdc.gov)
People who get botulism from food get it from eating foods that contain the actual botulinum toxin. (cdc.gov)
It will be useful for growing food industry to detect botulinum neurotoxin in food samples as well as in clinical samples. (who.int)
A new UK food regulator guide recommends a restricted shelf-life for vacuum packed (VP) and modified atmosphere packed (MAP) food products to avoid C. Botulinum growth. (confectionerynews.com)
Although Clostridium botulinum food poisoning is very rare in the UK, its very serious nature means that any business engaged in producing VP or MAP foods must understand the risks associated with it, claims the Food Standards Agency (FSA). (confectionerynews.com)
Although the techniques can protect food products from external contamination and increase the shelf-life, under certain circumstances C. botulinum may grow. (confectionerynews.com)

Isolation of C.botulinum or its toxin from feed, faeces or GI contents or from lesions or wounds is strong evidence of infection. (visavet.es)

Different types of pathogens. (scienceoxygen.com)
Share on Pinterest Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are all types of pathogens. (scienceoxygen.com)
Viruses and bacteria can be pathogens, but there are also other types of pathogens. (scienceoxygen.com)

There are 7 different types of botulism toxin labeled A through F. Types C and E are most important in wild birds. (pa.gov)

however, this assay is not reliable for diagnosis of botulinum toxicosis in mink and is increasingly being phased out by veterinary diagnostic laboratories for ethical reasons. (merckvetmanual.com)
Due to differences in specific details such as the vehicle, dilution scheme and laboratory protocols for various mouse LD50 assays, units of biological activity of MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) cannot be compared to or converted into units of any other botulinum toxin or any toxin assessed with any other specific assay method. (rxlist.com)

Although classified as a single species, C botulinum is better described as a group of at least 3 (possibly 4) genetically unique organisms. (medscape.com)
Therefore, differences in species sensitivities to different botulinum neurotoxin serotypes preclude extrapolation of animal dose-activity relationships to human dose estimates. (rxlist.com)
Many species of mammals and some fish are known to be affected by botulinum toxin. (pa.gov)

In medical use, small doses of purified botulinum toxin are injected into muscles to block the release of acetylcholine from motor neurons, thereby preventing muscle contraction, according to the FDA. (umn.edu)

MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) is provided as a clear and colorless to light-yellow sterile injectable solution in 3.5-mL glass vials. (rxlist.com)
Each single-use vial of formulated MYOBLOC contains 5,000 Units of botulinum toxin type B per milliliter in 0.05% human serum albumin , 0.01 M sodium succinate , and 0.1 M sodium chloride at approximately pH 5.6. (rxlist.com)
One unit of MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) corresponds to the calculated median lethal intraperitoneal dose (LD50) in mice. (rxlist.com)
The specific activity of MYOBLOC (botulinum toxin type b) ranges between 70 to 130 Units/ng. (rxlist.com)

In 2002, both types were approved by the FDA for cosmetic treatment of frown lines between the eyebrows. (tlhplasticsurgery.com)

Clostridium botulinum type A (BoNT/A) was detected in rumen contents from 2 deceased cows via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In addition, C. botulinum type C was cultured from the liver of a third cow, and C. botulinum neurotoxin-producing type C gene (bont/C) was detected via real-time PCR. (elsevier.com)
Of the eight types of BoNT (A-H), A, B, E and F are by type B botulism in five cases related to consumption associated with human botulism. (who.int)

All of the organisms share the ability to produce a type of botulinum toxin, although not all produce the same type. (medscape.com)
Understanding protein expression patterns in response to specific environmental conditions furthers fundamental knowledge about a microbe, which can be especially useful for understudied organisms such as Clostridium botulinum examined herein. (nau.edu)

Subtipo de CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM que produce la toxina botulínica de tipo C, neurotóxica para los ANIMALES, especialmente los BOVINOS, pero no para los seres humanos. (bvsalud.org)

Medical researchers have discovered that injecting a strictly controlled dose of botulinum toxin into affected muscles inhibits excessive muscle contractions. (encyclopedia.com)

Davies, JR, Rees, J, Liu, SM & Acharya, KR 2017, ' High resolution crystal structures of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin A3 and A4 binding domains ', Journal of Structural Biology . (bath.ac.uk)

Anatomy3

Organisms15

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Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

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Differentiation of the gene clusters encoding botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes in Clostridium botulinum type A, Ab, and A(B) strains. (1/8)

Efficient DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. (2/8)

Heterogeneity of times required for germination and outgrowth from single spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum. (3/8)

Production of anti-neurotoxin antibody is enhanced by two subcomponents, HA1 and HA3b, of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin. (4/8)

Development of enrichment semi-nested PCR for Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F and its application to Korean environmental samples. (5/8)

Bowel loops and eyelid droops. (6/8)

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of two predominant Nordic group I (proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum type B clusters. (7/8)

Expression of Hc fragment from Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype B in Escherichia coli and its use as a good immunogen. (8/8)

Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum type B

Botulinum Toxins

Botulism

Clostridium botulinum type E

Toxins, Biological

Clostridium botulinum type A

Botulinum Antitoxin

Clostridium botulinum type F

Clostridium botulinum type D

Clostridium

Botulinum Toxins, Type A

Neurotoxins

Clostridium botulinum type C

Spores

Toxoids

Fish Products

Clostridium botulinum type G

Lethal Dose 50

R-SNARE Proteins

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium Infections

Food Microbiology

Antitoxins

Spores, Bacterial

Food Preservation

ADP Ribose Transferases

Food Packaging

Food Irradiation

Molecular Sequence Data

Hemagglutinins

Immunodiffusion

Bird Diseases

Bacterial Toxins

Ammonium Sulfate

Culture Media

Neuromuscular Agents

Biological Assay

Bacteriological Techniques

Food Contamination

Sodium Nitrite

Hot Temperature

Clostridium tetani

Trypsin

Food Preservatives

DNA, Bacterial

Salmonidae

DEAE-Cellulose

Clostridium perfringens

Food, Preserved

Synaptosomes

Chromatography

Soil Microbiology

Differentiation of the gene clusters encoding botulinum neurotoxin type A complexes in Clostridium botulinum type A, Ab, and A(B) strains. (1/8)

Efficient DNA fingerprinting of Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. (2/8)

Heterogeneity of times required for germination and outgrowth from single spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum. (3/8)

Production of anti-neurotoxin antibody is enhanced by two subcomponents, HA1 and HA3b, of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin. (4/8)

Development of enrichment semi-nested PCR for Clostridium botulinum types A, B, E, and F and its application to Korean environmental samples. (5/8)

Bowel loops and eyelid droops. (6/8)

Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of two predominant Nordic group I (proteolytic) Clostridium botulinum type B clusters. (7/8)

Expression of Hc fragment from Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype B in Escherichia coli and its use as a good immunogen. (8/8)

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detection limit for semi-nested polymerase chain reac | Open-i

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Sequence Similarity - 1DFQ: THE HC FRAGMENT OF TETANUS TOXIN COMPLEXED WITH SIALIC ACID Sequence Similarity Report...

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中国科学院南海海洋研究所机构知识库(SCSIO OpenIR): Species identification in salted products of red snappers by semi-nested PCR-RFLP based on the...

A severe case of infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum type A with concomitant intestinal viral infections. - PubMed...

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Gentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ Rabbit A C. botulinum Type A \ B76900R

$Gentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ Rabbit A C. botulinum Type A \ B76900R$ Gentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ Rabbit A C. botulinum Type A \ B76900R