AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BotulismClostridiumClostridium botulinumClostridium difficileBotulinum ToxinsClostridium InfectionsBotulinum Toxins, Type ABacteriaNeurotoxinsClostridium botulinum type EEosinophil-Derived NeurotoxinClostridium tetaniFood, PreservedFood PreservationEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousClostridium botulinum type AFood MicrobiologyClostridium acetobutylicumClostridium thermocellumMolecular Sequence DataGram-Positive BacteriaBacteria, AnaerobicGram-Negative BacteriaClostridium butyricumBacterial ToxinsTetanus ToxinClostridium botulinum type DFood PackagingAntitoxinsDNA, BacterialBacterial ProteinsFoodborne DiseasesWound InfectionFecesClostridium sordelliiMeliaGeorgia (Republic)Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25ToxemiaFood ContaminationRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDisease OutbreaksSpores, BacterialCobra Neurotoxin ProteinsLethal Dose 50Botulinum AntitoxinToxoidsEnterotoxinsPhylogenyClostridium septicumRefrigerationAmino Acid SequenceClostridium botulinum type CSequence Analysis, DNABacteria, AerobicBiological AssayClostridium beijerinckiiEscherichia coliDNA, RibosomalRibotypingGenes, BacterialCulture Media
Botulism: A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)Clostridium: A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.Clostridium botulinum: A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.Clostridium difficile: A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.Botulinum Toxins: Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.Clostridium Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.Botulinum Toxins, Type A: A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.Bacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Neurotoxins: Toxic substances from microorganisms, plants or animals that interfere with the functions of the nervous system. Most venoms contain neurotoxic substances. Myotoxins are included in this concept.Clostridium botulinum type E: Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type E which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin: A 19-kDa cationic peptide found in EOSINOPHIL granules. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is a RIBONUCLEASE and may play a role as an endogenous antiviral agent.Clostridium tetani: The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.Food, Preserved: Food that has been prepared and stored in a way to prevent spoilage.Food Preservation: Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous: An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.Clostridium botulinum type A: Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces BOTULINUM TOXINS, TYPE A which is neurotoxic to humans and animals.Food Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.Clostridium acetobutylicum: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, used for the industrial production of SOLVENTS.Clostridium thermocellum: A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.Bacteria, AnaerobicGram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.Clostridium butyricum: Type species of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM, a gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is used as a source of PROBIOTICS.Bacterial Toxins: Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.Tetanus Toxin: Protein synthesized by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI as a single chain of ~150 kDa with 35% sequence identity to BOTULINUM TOXIN that is cleaved to a light and a heavy chain that are linked by a single disulfide bond. Tetanolysin is the hemolytic and tetanospasmin is the neurotoxic principle. The toxin causes disruption of the inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, thus permitting uncontrolled nervous activity, leading to fatal CONVULSIONS.Clostridium botulinum type D: Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type D which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS, especially CATTLE, but not humans.Food Packaging: Containers, packaging, and packaging materials for processed and raw foods and beverages. It includes packaging intended to be used for storage and also used for preparation of foods such as microwave food containers versus COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS. Packaging materials may be intended for food contact or designated non-contact, for example, shipping containers. FOOD LABELING is also available.Antitoxins: Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Foodborne Diseases: Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.Wound Infection: Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Clostridium sordellii: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, found in INTESTINES and SOIL.Melia: A plant genus of the family MELIACEAE. Members contain meliavolkinin, melianin C and limonoids.Georgia (Republic)Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25: A ubiquitous target SNARE protein that interacts with SYNTAXIN and SYNAPTOBREVIN. It is a core component of the machinery for intracellular MEMBRANE FUSION. The sequence contains 2 SNARE domains, one is the prototype for the Qb-SNARES, and the other is the prototype for the Qc-SNARES.Toxemia: A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.Food Contamination: The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Disease Outbreaks: Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.Spores, Bacterial: Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms.Lethal Dose 50: The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.Botulinum Antitoxin: Antiserum given therapeutically in BOTULISM.Toxoids: Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. Anatoxin toxoids are distinct from anatoxins that are TROPANES found in CYANOBACTERIA.Enterotoxins: Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Clostridium septicum: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. Infections have a strong association with malignancies and also with GAS GANGRENE.Refrigeration: The mechanical process of cooling.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Clostridium botulinum type C: Subtype of CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM that produces botulinum toxin type C which is neurotoxic to ANIMALS, especially CATTLE, but not humans. It causes dissociation of ACTIN FILAMENTS.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Bacteria, AerobicBiological Assay: A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.Clostridium beijerinckii: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, capable of solventogenesis, and isolated from SOIL, infected WOUNDS, fermenting OLIVES, and spoiled CANDY.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.DNA, Ribosomal: DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.Ribotyping: RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM analysis of rRNA genes that is used for differentiating between species or strains.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BotulismClostridiumClostridium botulinumClostridium difficileBotulinum ToxinsClostridium InfectionsBotulinum Toxins, Type ABacteriaNeurotoxinsClostridium botulinum type EEosinophil-Derived NeurotoxinClostridium tetaniFood, PreservedFood PreservationEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousClostridium botulinum type AFood MicrobiologyClostridium acetobutylicumClostridium thermocellumMolecular Sequence DataGram-Positive BacteriaBacteria, AnaerobicGram-Negative BacteriaClostridium butyricumBacterial ToxinsTetanus ToxinClostridium botulinum type DFood PackagingAntitoxinsDNA, BacterialBacterial ProteinsFoodborne DiseasesWound InfectionFecesClostridium sordelliiMeliaGeorgia (Republic)Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25ToxemiaFood ContaminationRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDisease OutbreaksSpores, BacterialCobra Neurotoxin ProteinsLethal Dose 50Botulinum AntitoxinToxoidsEnterotoxinsPhylogenyClostridium septicumRefrigerationAmino Acid SequenceClostridium botulinum type CSequence Analysis, DNABacteria, AerobicBiological AssayClostridium beijerinckiiEscherichia coliDNA, RibosomalRibotypingGenes, BacterialCulture Media
Natural productNatural product
Botulinum, the neurotoxin responsible for botulism, can be injected into specific muscles (such as those controlling the eyelid ... In enormous numbers, bacteria and marine microorganisms remain unexamined. As of 2008, the field of metagenomics was proposed ... Botulinum toxin (from Clostridium botulinum) and bleomycin (from Streptomyces verticillus) are two examples. ... Penicillin and related beta lactams work by inhibiting DD-transpeptidase enzyme that is required by bacteria to cross link ...
Human pathogenHuman pathogen
... releases the most powerful neurotoxin leading to death from botulism Mycobacterium tuberculosis - the causative agent of most ... Pathogenic bacteria contribute to other globally important diseases, such as pneumonia, which can be caused by bacteria such as ... Bacillus anthracis - the causative agent of anthrax in humans and animals Clostridium botulinum - ... Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial to one's body, a few pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious ...
Clostridium argentinenseClostridium argentinense
argentinense produces botulin, a neurotoxin that causes botulism in susceptible mammals. Among this proteolytic species' ... Clostridium argentinense is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. Some bacilli now identified as Cl. argentinense were ... "Clostridium argentinense sp. nov.: A Genetically Homogeneous Group Composed of All Strains of Clostridium botulinum Toxin Type ... "Clostridium argentinense: Suen et al., 1988". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). "Clostridium argentinense ...
Avian botulismAvian botulism
This is a paralytic disease brought on by the Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNt) of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum ... "Toxicity of Clostridium Botulinum Type E Neurotoxin to Great Lakes Fish: Implications for Avian Botulism". Journal of Wildlife ... Avian botulism occurs all over the world and is especially predominant in North American wetlands. The degree of avian botulism ... Avian Botulism is a strain of botulism that affects wild and captive bird populations, most notably waterfowl. ...
Flaccid paralysisFlaccid paralysis
The Clostridium botulinum bacteria are the cause of botulism. Vegetative cells of C. botulinum may be ingested. Introduction of ... Other symptoms associated with infection from this neurotoxin include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred ... When the bacteria are in vivo, they induce flaccid paralysis. This happens because C. botulinum produces a toxin which blocks ... Botulism toxin blocks the exocytosis of presynaptic vesicles containing acetylcholine (ACh). When this occurs, the muscles are ...
BotulismBotulism
... is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The disease ... In October 2013, scientists released news of the discovery of type H, the first new botulism neurotoxin found in forty years. ... Botulism CDC Botulism FAQ FDA Clostridium botulinum Bad Bug Book USGS Avian Botulism. ... Clostridium botulinum is a ubiquitous soil-dwelling bacterium. Many infant botulism patients have been demonstrated to live ...
Microbial toxinMicrobial toxin
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the causative agents of the deadly food poisoning disease botulism, and could pose a major ... Clostridium tetani produces tetanus toxin (TeNT protein), which leads to a fatal condition known as tetanus in many vertebrates ... Bacteria generate toxins which can be classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are generated and actively ... Usually, an endotoxin is part of the bacterial outer membrane, and it is not released until the bacterium is killed by the ...
Clostridium botulinumClostridium botulinum
Wound Botulism: isolation of C. botulinum from the wound site should be attempted, as growth of the bacteria is diagnostic. ... Detection of Type A, B, E, and F Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins in Foods by Using an Amplified Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent ... C. botulinum groups I-IV, as well as some strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii, are the bacteria ... Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce a ...
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin
Botulism toxins are produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium, namely Clostridium botulinum, C. butyricum, C. baratii and C ... Hill KK, Smith TJ (2013). "Genetic Diversity Within Clostridium botulinum Serotypes, Botulinum Neurotoxin Gene Clusters and ... Main article: Botulism. Botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum is the cause of botulism.[9] Humans most commonly ... it is ingestion of toxin rather than spores or vegetative bacteria that causes botulism.[citation needed] Botulism is ...
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin
Botulism toxins are produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium, namely Clostridium botulinum, C. butyricum, C. baratii and C ... Target molecules of botulinum neurotoxin (abbreviated BoNT) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), toxins acting inside the axon ... Main article: Botulism. Botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum is the cause of botulism.[17] Humans most commonly ... it is ingestion of toxin rather than spores or vegetative bacteria that causes botulism.[90] Botulism is nevertheless known to ...
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin
of South Korea in 2009; Botulism toxins are produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium, namely Clostridium botulinum, C. ... and snake neurotoxins. Finally, inspired by Daniel Drachman's work with chicks at Johns Hopkins, Alan B Scott and colleagues ... it is ingestion of toxin rather than spores or vegetative bacteria that causes botulism.[citation needed] Botulism is ... Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism. The toxin is also used commercially in medicine, cosmetics and ...
Clostridium butyricumClostridium butyricum
Absence of neurotoxin production has been demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridisation for ... of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strain isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of food-borne type E botulism ... in common with other orally administered probiotic bacteria. CBM 588 for clinical use is produced by submerged anaerobic ... "Inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile in vitro by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain". Journal of ...
InfectionInfection
... biological poisonings by relatively small numbers of infectious bacteria that produce extremely potent neurotoxins. A ... For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases toxins that produce shock ... Diarrheal diseases are caused by many different organisms, including cholera, botulism, and E. coli to name a few. See also: ... Antibiotics only work for bacteria and do not affect viruses. Antibiotics work by slowing down the multiplication of bacteria ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BotulismClostridiumClostridium botulinumClostridium difficileBotulinum ToxinsClostridium InfectionsBotulinum Toxins, Type ABacteriaNeurotoxinsClostridium botulinum type EEosinophil-Derived NeurotoxinClostridium tetaniFood, PreservedFood PreservationEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousClostridium botulinum type AFood MicrobiologyClostridium acetobutylicumClostridium thermocellumMolecular Sequence DataGram-Positive BacteriaBacteria, AnaerobicGram-Negative BacteriaClostridium butyricumBacterial ToxinsTetanus ToxinClostridium botulinum type DFood PackagingAntitoxinsDNA, BacterialBacterial ProteinsFoodborne DiseasesWound InfectionFecesClostridium sordelliiMeliaGeorgia (Republic)Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25ToxemiaFood ContaminationRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDisease OutbreaksSpores, BacterialCobra Neurotoxin ProteinsLethal Dose 50Botulinum AntitoxinToxoidsEnterotoxinsPhylogenyClostridium septicumRefrigerationAmino Acid SequenceClostridium botulinum type CSequence Analysis, DNABacteria, AerobicBiological AssayClostridium beijerinckiiEscherichia coliDNA, RibosomalRibotypingGenes, BacterialCulture Media
Botulism in the United States: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Review | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...Botulism in the United States: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Review | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...
Botulism is caused by a neurotoxin produced from the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botulism in ... The CDC releases botulism antitoxin through an emergency distribution system. Although rare, botulism outbreaks are a public ... 3 cases of wound botulism, and 71 cases of infant botulism have been reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and ... Clostridium difficile Colitis: An Efficient Clinical Approach to Diagnosis Annals of Internal Medicine; 123 (11): 835-840 ...
annals.org
Clostridium Tetani - Medical Daily News - Health NewsClostridium Tetani - Medical Daily News - Health News
Clostridium tetani, formerly known as bacillus Nicolaier is a gram-positive bacillus spore forming, anaerobic strict, which ... A - Propagation of the tetanus neurotoxin:. Produced at the wound "gateway" toxin wins the central nervous system where it ... Excretion in the medium during the growth phase is partial. Most of the toxin remains inside the bacterium, which is liberated ... botulism, neuromuscular junction is blocked (5) resulting in flaccid paralysis in tetanus, tetanus toxin prevents the ...
medical-actu.com
Botox injection Stock Image ~ Royalty Free #11162091 | Pond5Botox injection Stock Image ~ Royalty Free #11162091 | Pond5
the toxin is obtained from the clostridium botulinum ... ... botox is a neurotoxin used for cosmetic purposes. ... the toxin is obtained from the clostridium botulinum bacterium. this bacterium causes botulism, a form of… Description<\/h4> ... botox is a neurotoxin used for cosmetic purposes. the toxin is obtained from the clostridium botulinum bacterium. this ... bacterium causes botulism, a form of bacterial food poisoning. small, safe amounts of botox are injected into facial muscles, ...
pond5.com
Botulism: Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, TreatmentBotulism: Types, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Botulism is a dangerous foodborne illness. Learn about the signs of infection and how to prevent it, including the right way to ... Botulism is caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum). It releases a neurotoxin, which is a poison that ... CDC: "Botulism." "Botulism: Treatment." "Home Canning and Botulism.". New York State Department of Health: "Botulism: food- ... These bacteria-killing medications arent used for other types of botulism.. Breathing aid: If your case of botulism has ...
webmd.com
post by mellisamousepost by mellisamouse
I think this is happening due to different types of the bacteria: Clostridium botulinum - which is Bird Botulism, a neurotoxin ...
abovetopsecret.com
Nutritional disease - Foodborne illnesses | Britannica.comNutritional disease - Foodborne illnesses | Britannica.com
Contamination of foods or beverages with disease-causing organisms-bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites-can result in ... illnesses caused by bacteria. botulism (Clostridium botulinum). canned foods, honey (for infants). nausea, vomiting, headache, ... For example, Clostridium botulinum, found in improperly canned foods, produces the lethal neurotoxin that causes botulism. The ... Travelers diarrhea is often caused by specific types of Escherichia coli bacteria, while other E. coli types cause much of the ...
britannica.com
Researcher finds new use for botoxResearcher finds new use for botox
"It derives from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which causes botulism (food poisoning). ... "Botox is the most potent neurotoxin currently known," Dr Meunier said. " ...
innovations-report.com
Botox could treat cancerBotox could treat cancer
Moreover, Botulism is a rare and often fatal paralytic illness. Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which can appear in rotted, ... This is a protein and neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is more commonly used by plastic ...
digitaljournal.com
Anti-wrinkle treatment - Stock Image - C037/2368 - Science Photo LibraryAnti-wrinkle treatment - Stock Image - C037/2368 - Science Photo Library
The toxin is obtained from the Clostridium botulinum bacterium. This bacterium causes botulism, a form of bacterial food ... Botox is a neurotoxin used for cosmetic purposes. ...
sciencephoto.com
Pediatric Botulism Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, ConsultationsPediatric Botulism Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations
Propagation of this toxin under different circumstances can lead to food-borne, wound, or infant botulism. ... Botulism is a broad term encompassing 3 clinical entities caused by botulinum toxin. ... The bacterium, C botulinum, produces a neurotoxin which causes the rare, but serious, paralytic illness, botulism. ... Infant botulism. Identification of Clostridium botulinum and its toxins in faeces. Lancet. 1976 Oct 30. 2(7992):934-6. [Medline ...
emedicine.medscape.com
Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxins - microbewikiClostridium botulinum Neurotoxins - microbewiki
Both proteolytic and non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum can cause food-borne botulism. The proteolytic bacteria most ... the bacteria release several different types of potent neurotoxins that can cause the paralyzing disease botulism. The ... these bacteria are still a hazard. The smallest microscopic amounts of the neurotoxins released by these bacteria can cause the ... Detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins A and B in milk by ELISA and immuno-PCR at higher sensitivy than mouse bio-assay ...
microbewiki.kenyon.edu
Dystonia Treatment using Botulinum Toxin: Overview, Indications, ContraindicationsDystonia Treatment using Botulinum Toxin: Overview, Indications, Contraindications
The bacterium, C botulinum, produces a neurotoxin which causes the rare, but serious, paralytic illness, botulism. ... The toxin is produced by the gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is harvested from a culture medium ... This process converts the single-chain neurotoxin to a di-chain neurotoxin comprising a 100,000-dalton heavy chain (HC) linked ... Botulinum neurotoxins may be immunogenic. Antibodies may develop, bind to the BTX, and inactivate it. The incidence of antibody ...
emedicine.medscape.com
Could You Spot the Signs of Food-Borne Botulism? - Digestive Health Center - Everyday HealthCould You Spot the Signs of Food-Borne Botulism? - Digestive Health Center - Everyday Health
To protect yourself, know the causes, symptoms, and treatments for foodborne botulism. ... Botulism is rare, but can occur from sources like improper home canning. ... Caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, botulism is a relatively rare condition - only about 145 cases are reported to ... "Clostridium botulinum produces a neurotoxin that paralyzes the nerves in the body. Eventually it can affect the respiratory ...
everydayhealth.com
Epidemiology of Seafood-Associated Infections in the United States | Clinical Microbiology ReviewsEpidemiology of Seafood-Associated Infections in the United States | Clinical Microbiology Reviews
The bacterium produces a potent neurotoxin under anaerobic, low-acid conditions. Seven types of botulism toxin have been ... Other toxin-forming bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus can form enterotoxins that ... Bacteria. Vibrio species. Vibrio organisms are Gram-negative, halophilic bacteria that are widespread and naturally present in ... Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming, anaerobic, Gram-positive bacillus that is widespread in the ...
cmr.asm.org
What is Botulism - Definition - Botulism CenterWhat is Botulism - Definition - Botulism Center
... is a life threatening illness that leads to flaccid paralysis of the muscles and is quite rare and occurs due to a neurotoxin, ... Moreover, when the spores of the Clostridium Botulinum bacteria enter the body and produce neurotoxins, it leads to Botulism. ... are Infant Botulism, 25% are Food-borne Botulism and the remaining 3% are Wound Botulism.. There are three other botulism types ... It begins soon after the infant consumes Clostridium Botulinum bacteria spores. The bacteria grow in an infants intestinal ...
home-remedies-for-you.com
Avian botulism - WikipediaAvian botulism - Wikipedia
This is a paralytic disease brought on by the Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNt) of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum ... "Toxicity of Clostridium Botulinum Type E Neurotoxin to Great Lakes Fish: Implications for Avian Botulism". Journal of Wildlife ... Avian botulism occurs all over the world and is especially predominant in North American wetlands. The degree of avian botulism ... Avian Botulism is a strain of botulism that affects wild and captive bird populations, most notably waterfowl. ...
en.wikipedia.org
Antibody Cocktail Battles Botulism - Scientific AmericanAntibody Cocktail Battles Botulism - Scientific American
The affliction results from exposure to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), which is secreted by a soil bacterium called Clostridium ... So far, the researchers have shown the drug to work in mice against one of the four BoNT types known to cause botulism. But ... At the moment, no anti-botulism treatments capable of being produced on a large scale are available. But a new drug described ... Researchers have developed a potent weapon against the paralyzing disease botulism. ...
scientificamerican.com
Spoken like a true budding totalitarian.Spoken like a true budding totalitarian.
"A toxin produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, can result in a disease called botulism. This toxin is called a ... neurotoxin because it affects the nervous system. Symptoms appear 12 to 48 hours after eating a food which contains the toxin. ... produced by the triform spore-bearing rod bacteria Clostridium Botulinum) to wipe out 80 million people; a country the size of ...
mcspotlight.org
Natural product - WikipediaNatural product - Wikipedia
Botulinum, the neurotoxin responsible for botulism, can be injected into specific muscles (such as those controlling the eyelid ... In enormous numbers, bacteria and marine microorganisms remain unexamined. As of 2008, the field of metagenomics was proposed ... Botulinum toxin (from Clostridium botulinum) and bleomycin (from Streptomyces verticillus) are two examples. ... Penicillin and related beta lactams work by inhibiting DD-transpeptidase enzyme that is required by bacteria to cross link ...
en.wikipedia.org
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (PIM 858)CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (PIM 858)
Foodborne botulism. This is caused by ingestion of food contaminated by a preformed neurotoxin of the bacterium Clostridium ... There are five clinical categories of botulism: 1) foodborne botulism; 2) wound botulism; 3) infant botulism; 4) adult ... Adult infectious botulism. The clinical features of adult infectious botulism are similar to those of foodborne botulism except ... Characterization of clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin associated with infant botulism in Japan. Infect Immun, Oct: 4811- ...
inchem.org
SKETCHY MICRO Flashcards by | BrainscapeSKETCHY MICRO Flashcards by | Brainscape
Clostridium botulinum. *causative agent of botulism *heat labile exotoxing (neurotoxin) inhibits transmission of nerve impulses ... grouped as either purple bacteria or green bacteria *dependent on the type of chlorophyll and other pigments they have ... Clostridium perfringens *organism grows on nutrients released from gangrenous tissue and causes gas gangrene; also causes a ... helical bacterium is part of intestinal flora of many animals especially sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, and chickens) ...
brainscape.com
Efficacy of Avian Botulism Surveillance and Mitigation Using Detection CaninesEfficacy of Avian Botulism Surveillance and Mitigation Using Detection Canines
The paralytic food poisoning is caused by ingestion of prey containing neuro-toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium ... The impact of avian botulism may increase globally as the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (strain C) favors warmer water ... avian botulism is fatal and is caused by food poisoning from the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (strain C). ... Avian botulism can spread from bird to bird quickly by way of the "carcass-maggot cycle", if carcasses remain in areas used by ...
usgs.gov
Botulism, Types, Common Symptoms of Botulism, Causes, TreatmentBotulism, Types, Common Symptoms of Botulism, Causes, Treatment
Symptoms, Infant botulism, treatment for Botulism, prevention, breathing problem ... Explore more information about Botulism at altiusdirectory.com. ... Clostridium botulinum bacteria are found in both soil and water ... Wound botulism appears when your wound gets infected by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. It releases the neurotoxin under ... What is botulism? What causes botulism? The botulinum toxin generated by clostridium botulinum bacteria causes a deadly ...
altiusdirectory.com
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
BotulismClostridiumClostridium botulinumClostridium difficileBotulinum ToxinsClostridium InfectionsBotulinum Toxins, Type ABacteriaNeurotoxinsClostridium botulinum type EEosinophil-Derived NeurotoxinClostridium tetaniFood, PreservedFood PreservationEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousClostridium botulinum type AFood MicrobiologyClostridium acetobutylicumClostridium thermocellumMolecular Sequence DataGram-Positive BacteriaBacteria, AnaerobicGram-Negative BacteriaClostridium butyricumBacterial ToxinsTetanus ToxinClostridium botulinum type DFood PackagingAntitoxinsDNA, BacterialBacterial ProteinsFoodborne DiseasesWound InfectionFecesClostridium sordelliiMeliaGeorgia (Republic)Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25ToxemiaFood ContaminationRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDisease OutbreaksSpores, BacterialCobra Neurotoxin ProteinsLethal Dose 50Botulinum AntitoxinToxoidsEnterotoxinsPhylogenyClostridium septicumRefrigerationAmino Acid SequenceClostridium botulinum type CSequence Analysis, DNABacteria, AerobicBiological AssayClostridium beijerinckiiEscherichia coliDNA, RibosomalRibotypingGenes, BacterialCulture Media
TetaniSpore-forming bInfantBoNTHuman botulismBotoxForm of botulismWoundCause botulismResponsible for botulismIngestionProduces a neurotoxinSerotypesSymptomsInfantsTypes of BotulismStrainsIllnessIntestinal BotulismParalysisSevereRisk of developiPrevent botulismSpeciesPotent neurotoxinsIllnessesType of botulismDisease botulismSigns of botulismInfectionSerotypeAvianInfectious botulismGram-positive
Tetani3
Spore-forming b9
Infant36
BoNT12
Human botulism5
  • The scientists had accidentally landed upon a potential new therapy for type A of the neurotoxin, the most common and deadly cause of human botulism, using copper chloride, an inexpensive, readily available metal salt as the active ingredient. (eurekalert.org)
  • However, a recent meta-analysis of antitoxin efficacy in human botulism cases over the past century concluded that a statistically significant reduction in mortality is associated with the use of type E and type A antitoxin, but not with type B antitoxin. (biologists.org)
  • Sausages, meat products, canned vegetables and seafood products have been the most frequent vehicles for human botulism. (marlerclark.com)
  • these strains also cause human botulism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human botulism is caused mainly by types A, B, E, and (rarely) F. Types C and D cause toxicity only in animals. (medscape.com)
Botox10
Form of botulism2
Wound8
Cause botulism2
Responsible for botulism2
Ingestion3
Produces a neurotoxin2
Serotypes2
  • Insights into the extended duration of neuroparalysis by botulinum neurotoxin A relative to the other shorter-acting serotypes: differences between motor nerve terminals and cultured neurons. (uptodate.com)
  • Seven immunologically distinct botulinum neurotoxins have been characterized, these being respectively botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, B, C 1 , D, E, F and G each of which is distinguished by neutralization with serotype-specific antibodies. (google.com)
Symptoms20
Infants6
Types of Botulism1
Strains5
Illness9
Intestinal Botulism2
Paralysis10
Severe5
  • After getting in through the cut, the bacteria cause a severe infection, which produces the neurotoxin. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
  • National Wildlife Refuges and State Wildlife Sanctuaries in the subtropical Hawaiian Islands have experienced severe die-off events from avian botulism with increasing frequency. (usgs.gov)
  • I suspect that some children with autistic behavior,with extremely high urine HPHPA, little or no speech, and extremely severe low muscle tone might actually have undiagnosed botulism, and further research on this possibility is warranted. (greatplainslaboratory.com)
  • While no cure exists--and botulism treatment options are limited--a serendipitous discovery by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) may provide a new therapy that can stop the neurotoxin even in its more severe, advanced stages of action. (eurekalert.org)
  • The only currently approved therapy for botulism is postsymptomatic administration of botulinum antitoxin and, in severe cases, intensive supportive care by means of mechanical ventilation. (biologists.org)
Risk of developi1
  • Vaccination is a risk-based decision for horses at increased risk of developing botulism due to residence in (or travel to) endemic regions, including (Kentucky and the Mid-Atlantic states). (aaep.org)
Prevent botulism3
Species11
Potent neurotoxins2
  • 2007). The genes encoding for the potent neurotoxins are located in a cluster on either the main chromosomal DNA or on the large adjacent plasmid (Peck et al. (kenyon.edu)
  • 2010). A significant part of the DNA encodes for the potent neurotoxins, while another large proportion of the genome codes for proteases that are used for the metabolism of proteins. (kenyon.edu)
Illnesses6
Type of botulism3
  • This type of botulism is associated with drug users who inject black tar heroin into their skin rather than their veins. (webmd.com)
  • Because clinicians are the first to treat patients in any type of botulism outbreak, they must know how to recognize, diagnose, and treat this rare but potentially lethal disease. (annals.org)
  • Food-borne botulism: Contaminated undercooked or canned food causes this type of botulism. (altiusdirectory.com)
Disease botulism1
Signs of botulism3
  • Your doctor will likely start with a physical exam , looking for signs of botulism such as muscle weakness, a weak voice, or drooping eyelids. (webmd.com)
  • Signs of botulism include weak muscles, drooping eyelids, and double vision. (everydayhealth.com)
  • It was found only once from a single animal, and no signs of botulism disease were observed. (innovations-report.com)
Infection1
  • Most people know that botulism is dangerous, but many are confused about whether it's an infection or a case of poisoning. (canada.com)
Serotype1
  • 4. A non-cytotoxic agent for treating pain comprising a botulinum neurotoxin serotype A LH N fragment chemically coupled to a substance P peptide, wherein the substance P peptide is SEQ ID NO: 1, or a fragment of SEQ ID NO:1 that binds to a substance P receptor. (google.com)
Avian11
  • Avian Botulism is a strain of botulism that affects wild and captive bird populations, most notably waterfowl. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, ideal habitats like those described do not all feature avian botulism in their waterfowl populations which supports there are still unknown factors at play. (wikipedia.org)
  • Avian botulism is not contagious in that it is not spread from bird to bird. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of avian botulism is extremely hard to detect before an outbreak. (wikipedia.org)
  • We will evaluate using trained scent-detection canines (sniffer dogs) as a new tool to survey for the presence of avian botulism. (usgs.gov)
  • Dogs are being trained to sniff out the endangered ducks (koloa maoli ( Anas wyvilliana ) and Laysan ducks ( A. laysanensis )) that die of avian botulism. (usgs.gov)
  • In the wetlands of Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge (Kaua'i, Hawai'i) and elsewhere, avian botulism is fatal and is caused by food poisoning from the bacteria Clostridium botulinum (strain C) . The impact of avian botulism may increase globally as the bacteria Clostridium botulinum ( strain C ) favors warmer water temperatures. (usgs.gov)
  • Hawaii's non-migratory endemic waterbirds are especially vulnerable to avian botulism (type C) with epizootics causing mortality of thousands of endangered waterbirds in recent years. (usgs.gov)
  • Hawai'i's endemic waterfowl are at high risk of extinction with small populations and thus are further jeopardized by high mortality due to avian botulism. (usgs.gov)
  • Avian botulism can spread from bird to bird quickly by way of the "carcass-maggot cycle", if carcasses remain in areas used by waterbirds. (usgs.gov)
  • In partnership with the USFWS, this pilot study will allow the USGS to evaluate if using skilled handler(s) and trained scent-detection dogs is feasible at Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge and if this approach is more effective than human only searches for early detection of waterbird carcasses for removal and early management of wetlands identified with avian botulism. (usgs.gov)
Infectious botulism1
  • Foals born in endemic regions are at risk for toxic infectious botulism unless protected by colostral transfer of antibodies produced by vaccination of the pregnant mare. (aaep.org)
Gram-positive1