AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Clostridium acetobutylicumClostridiumButanolsAcetoneClostridium difficilePhosphate Acetyltransferase1-ButanolCoenzyme A-TransferasesClostridium beijerinckiiClostridium InfectionsFermentationPhosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor)RubredoxinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialClostridium botulinumClostridium butyricumBacterial ProteinsCellulaseHemerythrinHydrogenaseSpores, BacterialGenes, BacterialAcetate KinaseCellulosomesXyloseAcetoinMolecular Sequence DataSolventsBiofuelsAmino Acid SequenceButyratesEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousCloning, MolecularGene Knockout TechniquesAldehyde OxidoreductasesButyric AcidDNA, BacterialCelluloseCulture MediaAlcohol DehydrogenaseAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseBase SequenceHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationEscherichia coliClostridium thermocellumClostridium cellulolyticumCarboxy-LyasesRestriction MappingRNA, AntisenseClostridium tetaniPlasmidsAlcohol OxidoreductasesOperonRNA, BacterialAcetatesMetabolic Networks and PathwaysGenome, BacterialTranscription, GeneticBotulinum ToxinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidClostridium sordelliiEthanolBacterial ToxinsGenetic EngineeringSubstrate Specificity
Clostridium acetobutylicum
A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, used for the industrial production of SOLVENTS.
Clostridium
A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.
Butanols
Isomeric forms and derivatives of butanol (C4H9OH).
Acetone
A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.
Clostridium difficile
A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.
Phosphate Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.
1-Butanol
A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.
Coenzyme A-Transferases
Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. EC 2.8.3.
Clostridium beijerinckii
A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, capable of solventogenesis, and isolated from SOIL, infected WOUNDS, fermenting OLIVES, and spoiled CANDY.
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.
Fermentation
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor)
A class of enzymes that transfers phosphate groups and has a carboxyl group as an acceptor. EC 2.7.2.
Rubredoxins
A class of iron-sulfur proteins that contains one iron coordinated to the sulfur atom of four cysteine residues. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.
Clostridium botulinum
A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.
Clostridium butyricum
Type species of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM, a gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is used as a source of PROBIOTICS.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Cellulase
An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.
Hemerythrin
A non-heme iron protein consisting of eight apparently identical subunits each containing 2 iron atoms. It binds one molecule of oxygen per pair of iron atoms and functions as a respiratory protein.
Hydrogenase
An enzyme found in bacteria. It catalyzes the reduction of FERREDOXIN and other substances in the presence of molecular hydrogen and is involved in the electron transport of bacterial photosynthesis.
Spores, Bacterial
Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Acetate Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.
Cellulosomes
Extracellular structures found in a variety of microorganisms. They contain CELLULASES and play an important role in the digestion of CELLULOSE.
Xylose
Acetoin
A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Solvents
Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Biofuels
Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Butyrates
Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Gene Knockout Techniques
Techniques to alter a gene sequence that result in an inactivated gene, or one in which the expression can be inactivated at a chosen time during development to study the loss of function of a gene.
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases
Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.
Butyric Acid
A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
Cellulose
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Clostridium thermocellum
A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME.
Clostridium cellulolyticum
A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is a cellulolytic, mesophilic species isolated from decayed GRASS.
Carboxy-Lyases
Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.
Restriction Mapping
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
RNA, Antisense
RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes.
Clostridium tetani
The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Operon
In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.
RNA, Bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
Botulinum Toxins
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Clostridium sordellii
A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, found in INTESTINES and SOIL.
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Bacterial Toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.
Genetic Engineering
Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Intracellular butyryl phosphate and acetyl phosphate concentrations in Clostridium acetobutylicum and their implications for solvent formation. (1/98)

It has been suggested (L. H. Harris, R. P. Desai, N. E. Welker, and E. T. Papoutsakis, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 67:1-11, 2000) that butyryl phosphate (BuP) is a regulator of solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum. Here, we determined BuP and acetyl phosphate (AcP) levels in fermentations of C. acetobutylicum wild type (WT), degenerate strain M5, a butyrate kinase (buk) mutant, and a phosphotransacetylase (pta) mutant. A sensitive method was developed to measure BuP and AcP in the same sample. Compared to the WT, the buk mutant had higher levels of BuP and AcP; the BuP levels were high during the early exponential phase, and there was a peak corresponding to solvent production. Consistent with this, solvent formation was initiated significantly earlier and was much stronger in the buk mutant than in all other strains. For all strains, initiation of butanol formation corresponded to a BuP peak concentration that was more than 60 to 70 pmol/g (dry weight), and higher and sustained levels corresponded to higher butanol formation fluxes. The BuP levels never exceeded 40 to 50 pmol/g (dry weight) in strain M5, which produces no solvents. The BuP profiles were bimodal, and there was a second peak midway through solventogenesis that corresponded to carboxylic acid reutilization. AcP showed a delayed single peak during late solventogenesis corresponding to acetate reutilization. As expected, in the pta mutant the AcP levels were very low, yet this strain exhibited strong butanol production. These data suggest that BuP is a regulatory molecule that may act as a phosphodonor of transcriptional factors. DNA array-based transcriptional analysis of the buk and M5 mutants demonstrated that high BuP levels corresponded to downregulation of flagellar genes and upregulation of solvent formation and stress genes.  (+info)

SpoIIE regulates sporulation but does not directly affect solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. (2/98)

Using gene expression reporter vectors, we examined the activity of the spoIIE promoter in wild-type and spo0A-deleted strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. In wild-type cells, the spoIIE promoter is active in a transient manner during late solventogenesis, but in strain SKO1, where the sporulation initiator spo0A is disrupted, no spoIIE promoter activity is detectable at any stage of growth. Strains 824(pMSpo) and 824(pASspo) were created to overexpress spoIIE and to decrease spoIIE expression via antisense RNA targeted against spoIIE, respectively. Some cultures of strains 824(pMSpo) degenerated during fermentations by losing the pSOL1 megaplasmid and hence did not produce the solvents ethanol, acetone, and butanol. The frequent degeneration event was shown to require an intact copy of spoIIE. Nondegenerate cultures of 824(pMSpo) exhibited normal growth and solvent production. Strain 824(pASspo) exhibited prolonged solventogenesis characterized by increased production of ethanol (225%), acetone (43%), and butanol (110%). Sporulation in strains harboring pASspo was significantly delayed, with sporulating cells exhibiting altered morphology. These results suggest that SpoIIE has no direct effect on the control of solventogenesis and that the changes in solvent production in spoIIE-downregulated cells are mediated by effects on the cell during sporulation.  (+info)

Heterologous production, assembly, and secretion of a minicellulosome by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. (3/98)

The gene man5K encoding the mannanase Man5K from Clostridium cellulolyticum was cloned alone or as an operon with the gene cipC1 encoding a truncated scaffoldin (miniCipC1) of the same origin in the solventogenic Clostridium acetobutylicum. The expression of the heterologous gene(s) was under the control of a weakened thiolase promoter Pthl. The recombinant strains of the solventogenic bacterium were both found to secrete active Man5K in the range of milligrams per liter. In the case of the strain expressing only man5K, a large fraction of the recombinant enzyme was truncated and lost the N-terminal dockerin domain, but it remained active towards galactomannan. When man5K was coexpressed with cipC1 in C. acetobutylicum, the recombinant strain secreted almost exclusively full-length mannanase, which bound to the scaffoldin miniCipC1, thus showing that complexation to the scaffoldin stabilized the enzyme. The secreted heterologous complex was found to be functional: it binds to crystalline cellulose via the carbohydrate binding module of the miniscaffoldin, and the complexed mannanase is active towards galactomannan. Taken together, these data show that C. acetobutylicum is a suitable host for the production, assembly, and secretion of heterologous minicellulosomes.  (+info)

Expression of abrB310 and SinR, and effects of decreased abrB310 expression on the transition from acidogenesis to solventogenesis, in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. (4/98)

The transcription factors sinR and abrB are involved in the control of sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis. We identified a single homologue to sinR and three highly similar homologues to abrB, designated abrB310, abrB1941, and abrB3647, in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Using reporter vectors, we showed that the promoters of abrB1941 and abrB3647 were not active under the growth conditions tested. The abrB310 promoter was strongly active throughout growth and exhibited a transient elevation of expression at the onset of solventogenesis. Primer extension assays showed that two transcripts of abrB310 and a single, extremely weak transcript for sinR are expressed. Potential -35 and -10 consensus motifs are readily identifiable surrounding the transcription start sites of abrB310 and sinR, with a single putative 0A box present within the promoter of abrB310. In strains of C. acetobutylicum transformed with plasmids to elevate sinR expression or decrease sinR expression, no significant differences in growth or in acid or solvent production were observed compared to the control strains. In C. acetobutylicum strain 824(pAS310), which expressed an antisense RNA construct targeted against abrB310, the acids acetate and butyrate accumulated to approximately twice the normal concentration. This accumulation corresponded to a delay and decrease in acetone and butanol production. It was also found that sporulation in strain 824(pAS310) was delayed but that the morphology of sporulating cells and spores was normal. Based upon these observations, we propose that abrB310 may act as a regulator at the transition between acidogenic and solventogenic growth.  (+info)

Homologous and heterologous overexpression in Clostridium acetobutylicum and characterization of purified clostridial and algal Fe-only hydrogenases with high specific activities. (5/98)

Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was selected for the homologous overexpression of its Fe-only hydrogenase and for the heterologous expressions of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus HydA1 Fe-only hydrogenases. The three Strep tag II-tagged Fe-only hydrogenases were isolated with high specific activities by two-step column chromatography. The purified algal hydrogenases evolve hydrogen with rates of around 700 micromol H(2) min(-1) mg(-1), while HydA from C. acetobutylicum (HydA(Ca)) shows the highest activity (5,522 micromol H(2) min(-1) mg(-1)) in the direction of hydrogen uptake. Further, kinetic parameters and substrate specificity were reported. An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis of the thionin-oxidized HydA(Ca) protein indicates a characteristic rhombic EPR signal that is typical for the oxidized H cluster of Fe-only hydrogenases.  (+info)

Genomic analysis of the protein secretion systems in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. (6/98)

Consistent information about protein secretion in Gram-positive bacteria is essentially restricted to the model organism Bacillus subtilis. Among genome-sequenced clostridia, Clostridium acetobutylicum has been the most extensively studied from a physiological point of view and is the organism for which the largest variety of molecular biology tools have been developed. Following in silico analyses, both secreted proteins and protein secretion systems were identified. The Tat (Twin arginine translocation; TC #2.A.64) pathway and ABC (ATP binding cassette) protein exporters (TC #3.A.1.) could not be identified, but the Sec (secretion) pathway (TC #3.A.5) appears to be used prevalently. Similarly, a flagella export apparatus (FEA; TC #3.A.6.), holins (TC #1.E.), and an ESAT-6/WXG100 (early secreted antigen target of 6 kDa/proteins with a WXG motif of approximately 100 residues) secretion system were identified. Here, we report for the first time the identification of a fimbrilin protein exporter (FPE; TC #3.A.14) and a Tad (tight adherence) export apparatus in C. acetobutylicum. This investigation highlights the potential use of this saprophytic bacterium in biotechnological and biomedical applications as well as a model organism for studying protein secretion in pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.  (+info)

Diffusion, mixing, and associated dye effects in DNA-microarray hybridizations. (7/98)

Typical DNA microarrays utilize diffusion of dye-labeled cDNA probes followed by sequence-specific hybridization to immobilized targets. Here we experimentally estimated the distance typical probes travel during static 16-h hybridizations. Probes labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 were individually introduced to opposite sides of a microarray with minimal convective mixing. Oppositely labeled probes diffused across the initial front separating the two solutions, generating a zone with both dyes present. Diffusion-distance estimates for Cy3- and Cy5-labeled cDNAs were 3.8 mm and 2.6 mm, respectively, despite having almost identical molecular masses. In separate 16-h hybridization experiments with oppositely labeled probes premixed, arrays that were continuously mixed had 15-20% higher signal intensities than arrays hybridized statically. However, no change was observed in the Cy3/Cy5 signal intensity ratio between continuously mixed and static hybridizations. This suggests that the observed dye bias in diffusion-distance estimates results from differences in the detection limits of Cy3 and Cy5-labeled cDNA, a potential concern for array data on low-abundance transcripts. Our conservative diffusion-distance estimates indicate that replicate targets >7.6 mm apart will not compete for scarce probes. Also, raising the microarray gap height would delay the onset of diffusion-limited hybridization by increasing the amount of available probe.  (+info)

Transcriptional program of early sporulation and stationary-phase events in Clostridium acetobutylicum. (8/98)

DNA microarray analysis of Clostridium acetobutylicum was used to examine the genomic-scale gene expression changes during the shift from exponential-phase growth and acidogenesis to stationary phase and solventogenesis. Self-organizing maps were used to identify novel expression patterns of functional gene classes, including aromatic and branched-chain amino acid synthesis, ribosomal proteins, cobalt and iron transporters, cobalamin biosynthesis, and lipid biosynthesis. The majority of pSOL1 megaplasmid genes (in addition to the solventogenic genes aad-ctfA-ctfB and adc) had increased expression at the onset of solventogenesis, suggesting that other megaplasmid genes may play a role in stationary-phase phenomena. Analysis of sporulation genes and comparison with published Bacillus subtilis results indicated conserved expression patterns of early sporulation genes, including spo0A, the sigF operon, and putative canonical genes of the sigma(H) and sigma(F) regulons. However, sigE expression could not be detected within 7.5 h of initial spo0A expression, consistent with the observed extended time between the appearance of clostridial forms and endospore formation. The results were compared with microarray comparisons of the wild-type strain and the nonsolventogenic, asporogenous M5 strain, which lacks the pSOL1 megaplasmid. While some results were similar, the expression of primary metabolism genes and heat shock proteins was higher in M5, suggesting a difference in metabolic regulation or a butyrate stress response in M5. The results of this microarray platform and analysis were further validated by comparing gene expression patterns to previously published Northern analyses, reporter assays, and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis data of metabolic genes (including all major solventogenesis genes), sporulation genes, heat shock proteins, and other solventogenesis-induced gene expression.  (+info)

An improved kinetic model for the acetone-butanol-ethanol pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum and model-based perturbation...An improved kinetic model for the acetone-butanol-ethanol pathway of Clostridium acetobutylicum and model-based perturbation...
Comprehensive kinetic models of microbial metabolism can enhance the understanding of system dynamics and regulatory mechanisms, which is helpful in optimizing microbial production of industrial chemicals. Clostridium acetobutylicum produces solvents (acetone-butanol-ethanol, ABE) through the ABE pathway. To systematically assess the potential of increased production of solvents, kinetic modeling has been applied to analyze the dynamics of this pathway and make predictive simulations. Up to date, only one kinetic model for C. acetobutylicum supported by experiment has been reported as far as we know. But this model did not integrate the metabolic regulatory effects of transcriptional control and other complex factors. It also left out the information of some key intermediates (e.g. butyryl-phosphate). We have developed an improved kinetic model featured with the incorporation of butyryl-phosphate, inclusion of net effects of complex metabolic regulations, and quantification of endogenous enzyme activity
https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-5-S1-S12
Differential regulation of two thiolase genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792. - Lancaster EPrintsDifferential regulation of two thiolase genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792. - Lancaster EPrints
Thiolase of Clostridium acetobutylicum is an important enzyme involved in both, acid and solvent fermentation. Two thiolase genes (thlA and thlB) have been cloned and sequenced from Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792, showing high homology to each other and to thiolases of PHA-synthesizing bacteria. The thlA gene is identical to the gene already cloned and sequenced from strain ATCC 824 (Stim- Herndon et al., 1995, Gene 154: 81-85). Using primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis a transcriptional start site was identified 102 bp upstream of the thlA start codon. This site was preceded by a region that exhibits high similarity to the s70 consensus promoter sequences of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Regulation of thlA and thlB was studied at the transcriptional level to elucidate the specific function of each gene. Non-radioactive primer extension analysis using fluorescein-labelled oligonucleotides and Northern blot analysis revealed high levels of thlA transcripts in acid- and ...
https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/9566/?template=browse
Introducing a single secondary alcohol dehydrogenase into butanol-tolerant Clostridium acetobutylicum Rh8 switches ABE...Introducing a single secondary alcohol dehydrogenase into butanol-tolerant Clostridium acetobutylicum Rh8 switches ABE...
Previously we have developed a butanol tolerant mutant of Clostridium acetobutylicum Rh8, from the wild type strain DSM 1731. Strain Rh8 can tolerate up to 19 g/L butanol, with solvent titer improved accordingly, thus exhibiting industrial application potential. To test if strain Rh8 can be used for production of high level mixed alcohols, a single secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B593 was overexpressed in strain Rh8 under the control of thl promoter. The heterogenous gene sADH was functionally expressed in C. acetobutylicum Rh8. This simple, one-step engineering approach switched the traditional ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation to IBE (isopropanol-butanol-ethanol) fermentation. The total alcohol titer reached 23.88 g/l (7.6 g/l isopropanol, 15 g/l butanol, and 1.28 g/l ethanol) with a yield to glucose of 31.42%. The acid (butyrate and acetate) assimilation rate in isopropanol producing strain Rh8(psADH) was increased. The improved butanol tolerance and the
https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1754-6834-5-44/figures/4
A two-plasmid inducible CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool for Clostridium acetobutylicum
CRISPR/Cas-based genetic engineering has revolutionised molecular biology in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several tools dedicated to the genomic transformation of the Clostridium genus of Gram-positive bacteria have been described in the literature; however, the integration of large DNA fragments still remains relatively limited. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool using a two-plasmid strategy was developed for the solventogenic strain Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Codon-optimised cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes was placed under the control of an anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter on one plasmid, while the gRNA expression cassettes and editing templates were located on a second plasmid. Through the sequential introduction of these vectors into the cell, we achieved highly accurate genome modifications, including nucleotide substitution, gene deletion and cassette insertion up to 3.6 kb. To demonstrate its potential, this genome editing tool was used to generate a marker-free
https://hal-ifp.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01631681
Development of Strong Anaerobic Fluorescent Reporters for Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium ljungdahlii Using HaloTag...Development of Strong Anaerobic Fluorescent Reporters for Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium ljungdahlii Using HaloTag...
One of the biggest limitations in the study and engineering of anaerobic Clostridium organisms is the lack of strong fluorescent reporters capable of strong and real-time fluorescence. Recently, we developed a strong fluorescent reporter system for Clostridium organisms based on the FAST protein. Here, we report the development of two new strong fluorescent reporter systems for Clostridium organisms based on the HaloTag and SNAP-tag proteins, which produce strong fluorescent signals when covalently bound to fluorogenic ligands. These new fluorescent reporters are orthogonal to the FAST ligands and to each other, allowing for simultaneous labeling and visualization. We used HaloTag and SNAP-tag to label the strictly anaerobic organisms Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium ljungdahlii. We have also identified a new strong promoter for protein expression in C. acetobutylicum, based on the phosphotransacetylase gene (pta) from C. ljungdahlii. Furthermore, the HaloTag and the SNAP-tag, in ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/86/20/e01271-20
Clostridium acetobutylicum - WikipediaClostridium acetobutylicum - Wikipedia
Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the Weizmann Organism, after Jewish-Russian-born Chaim Weizmann. A senior lecturer at the University of Manchester, England, he used them in 1916 as a bio-chemical tool to produce at the same time, jointly, acetone, ethanol, and butanol from starch. The method has been described since as the ABE process, (Acetone Butanol Ethanol fermentation process), yielding 3 parts of acetone, 6 of butanol, and 1 of ethanol. Acetone was used in the important wartime task of casting cordite. The alcohols were used to produce vehicle fuels and synthetic rubber. Unlike yeast, which can digest only sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide, C. acetobutylicum and other Clostridia can digest whey, sugar, starch, cellulose and perhaps certain types of lignin, yielding butanol, propionic acid, ether, and glycerin. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_acetobutylicum
Clostridium acetobutylicum - Alchetron, the free social encyclopediaClostridium acetobutylicum - Alchetron, the free social encyclopedia
Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the Weizmann Organism after JewishRussianborn Chaim Weizmann
https://alchetron.com/Clostridium-acetobutylicum
Production of Acetone, Butanol, and Ethanol (ABE) by Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 from Pretreated Palm Kernel Cake in Batch...Production of Acetone, Butanol, and Ethanol (ABE) by Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 from Pretreated Palm Kernel Cake in Batch...
Production of Acetone, Butanol, and Ethanol (ABE) by Clostridium acetobutylicum YM1 from Pretreated Palm Kernel Cake in Batch Culture Fermentation
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_12_2_3371_Al_Tabib_Production_Acetone_Butanol_Ethanol/
Characterization of iron reduction in Clostridium acetobutylicum mutants obtained by targeted and transposon mutagenesisCharacterization of iron reduction in Clostridium acetobutylicum mutants obtained by targeted and transposon mutagenesis
Iron reduction in Gram-positive bacteria is not well understood yet, even if it has been investigated in some extent for Gram-positive bacteria. The mechanisms involved in the delivery of electrons to a solid terminal electron acceptor like iron oxides have not been defined. Clostridium acetobutylicum is an appropriate Gram-positive bacterium to study those mechanisms as genetic tools have been developed due to its industrial interest, allowing easy targeted and random mutagenesis. In this Masters project, phenotype of two mutants, whose dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 1B (pyrD) or ferredoxin hydrogenase (hydA) gene have been knocked out through ClosTron mutagenesis, have been characterized and no phenotype diverging from the wild strain has been detected. However, evidences of flavin presence in the spent growth medium have been observed during experiment. An attempt to measure their redox state, either by direct measurement or through the addition of AQDS, has been done but results are ...
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/227944
Clostridium acetobutylicum, Living, Tube | Carolina.comClostridium acetobutylicum, Living, Tube | Carolina.com
Genus and Species: Clostridium acetobutylicum Domain: Prokaryote Optimal Growth Medium: Thioglycolate Medium Optimal Growth Temperature: 37° C Package: Tube Biosafety Level: 1 Gram Stain: Gram-Positive Shape: Bacillus (rod-shaped)
https://www.carolina.com/bacteria/clostridium-acetobutylicum-living-tube/154960.pr
TIGR01342TIGR01342
This model represents a small family of proteins homologous (and likely functionally equivalent to) aconitase 1. Members are found, so far in the anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum, in the microaerophilic, early-branching bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, and in the halophilic archaeon Halobacterium sp. NRC-1. No member is experimentally characterized ...
http://www.jcvi.org/cgi-bin/tigrfams/HmmReportPage.cgi?acc=TIGR01342
CEA/DSV/IBeB/SBVMe/LEMIRE - P2CS Database Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 plasmid pSOL1
Signal transduction proteins, Histidine Kinase, Response regulator, Phophotransfer protein, HPT, Phosphorelay, complete metagenomes browser, TCS, Prokaryotic Two-Component Systems database, P2CS, annotation browser, MIST, SENTRA
http://www.p2cs.org/page.php?base=Cloa1DB
clostridium acetobutylicum helps in the production of
The genetic study of the clostridia is in its infancy, but significant advances have been made in recent years. C. acetobutylicum was the most reported in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation for synthesis of biobutanol with higher yields [5, 6]. Cells were stained in an iodine solution. Currently, petroleum-based products have largely replaced these fermentation processes. Clostridium strains with the potential of utilizing various biomass (e.g., corn cobs, cassava and rice bran) and the production of biofuels (e.g., butanol) were mainly classified within Clade 1 and Clade 5 such as C. cellulovorans 743B and C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 [39,40,41].Genomes from the same clustered group usually appear to have similar metabolic functions, which … It was formerly used from the First World War onwards on an industrial … Although most plasmids encode unknown (cryptic) functions, some have been demonstrated to possess genes for virulence and antibiotic resistance. NNT: The enzymes ...
http://alertamigratoria.org/6i868tkh/8a8d75-clostridium-acetobutylicum-helps-in-the-production-of
INFLUENCE OF SULFATE AS AN ELECTRON ACCEPTOR ON THE ANAEROBIC HYDROLYSIS AND ACIDOGENESIS OF PARTICULATE ORGANICSINFLUENCE OF SULFATE AS AN ELECTRON ACCEPTOR ON THE ANAEROBIC HYDROLYSIS AND ACIDOGENESIS OF PARTICULATE ORGANICS
Influence of sulfate on the anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis of particulate organics was studied in a completely mixed acidogenic reactor. The shattered food waste as a particulate organics was added into the reactor at a daily basis while dilution water containing various concentration of sulfate was continuously supplied. The efficiencies of hydrolysis and acidogenesis at control were 60.1% and 19.4%, respectively while they have increased up to 70.6% and 46.2% respectively at 350 mg/L of the sulfate level in the dilution water. The buffering capacity of the acidogenic system increased with the increase of the sulfate level. The efficiencies of hydrolysis and acidogenesis gradually decreased at over 350 mg/L of the sulfate level in the dilution water. It was caused by the increase of the acidogenesis product used as electron donor for sulfate reduction and inhibition effect of the hydrogen sulfide from sulfate reduction. It could be concluded that sulfate in acidogenesis of particulate ...
http://eeer.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.4491/eer.2003.8.3.116&t=INFLUENCE+OF+SULFATE+AS+AN+ELECTRON+ACCEPTOR+ON+THE+ANAEROBIC+HYDROLYSIS+AND+ACIDOGENESIS+OF+PARTICULATE+ORGANICS
RCSB PDB - 3F10: Crystal structure of Clostridium Acetobutylicum 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase in complex with 8-oxoguanosineRCSB PDB - 3F10: Crystal structure of Clostridium Acetobutylicum 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase in complex with 8-oxoguanosine
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3F10
Articles - LISBP Laboratoire dIngénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés
1. Meynial-Salles I., Cervin M. A. and Soucaille P. 2005. New tool for metabolic pathway engineering in E. coli : one step method to modulate the expression of chromosomal genes : Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 2140-2144. (impact Factor 2007 4.004 from J C Rt). 2. Girbal L., Von AbendrothG., WinklerM., BentonP. M. C., Meynial-SallesI., Croux C., PetersJ., Happe T. and Soucaille P. 2005. Homologous/heterologous over-expression in Clostridium acetobutylicum and characterization of purified clostridial and algal Fe-only hydrogenases with high specific activity : Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 71, 2777-2781. (impact Factor 2007 4,004 from J C R). 3. Meynial-Salles I., Gonzalez-Pajuelo M., , Mendes P., Andrade J. C., Vasconcelos I. and Soucaille P. 2005. Metabolic engineering of Clostridium acetobutylicum for the industrial production of 1.3 propanediol from glycerol : Met. Eng., 7, 329-336. (impact Factor 2007 3.444 from J C R). 4. Gonzalez-Pajuelo M., Meynial-Salles I., Mendes P., Soucaille P. and ...
http://www.lisbp.fr/fr/la_recherche/equipe_ead3/production_scientifique/articles.html
Clostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. emend. Keis et al. | ATCCClostridium acetobutylicum McCoy et al. emend. Keis et al. | ATCC
This product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for any animal or human therapeutic use, any human or animal consumption, or any diagnostic use. Any proposed commercial use is prohibited without a license from ATCC.. While ATCC uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information on this product sheet, ATCC makes no warranties or representations as to its accuracy. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for informational purposes only. ATCC does not warrant that such information has been confirmed to be accurate or complete and the customer bears the sole responsibility of confirming the accuracy and completeness of any such information.. This product is sent on the condition that the customer is responsible for and assumes all risk and responsibility in connection with the receipt, handling, storage, disposal, and use of the ATCC product including without limitation taking all appropriate safety and handling precautions to ...
https://www.atcc.org/products/43084
lon - Lon protease - Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710 / VKM B-1787) - lon gene &...lon - Lon protease - Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710 / VKM B-1787) - lon gene &...
ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q97FT9
RCSB PDB - 6AA8: Crystal structure of (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzymeA dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum complexed...RCSB PDB - 6AA8: Crystal structure of (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzymeA dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum complexed...
As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6aa8
CA C2547 - Possible membrane-associated methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein fused to HAMP domain - Clostridium acetobutylicum ...CA C2547 - Possible membrane-associated methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein fused to HAMP domain - Clostridium acetobutylicum ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q97G25
Clostridium acetobutylicum | The Microbe Directory
COGEM released a comprehensive database of pathogenicity assessment of around 2575 bacterial species in 2011. The database ranks the pathogenicity of species on a scale of 1 to 4 - 1 being not belonging to a recognized group of disease-invoking agents in humans or animals and having an extended history of safe usage and 4 being a species that can cause a very serious human disease, for which no prophylaxis is known ...
https://microbe.directory/species/Clostridium+acetobutylicum
Search Results | Emerald InsightSearch Results | Emerald Insight
The production of biohydrogen from rice mill wastes, including rice bran and rice mill effluent by Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIM 2877 was investigated in a batch culture system and optimized the temperature and pH conditions. At 35 °C with initial pH of 5.2 a yield of 55.7±0.8 ml with 88.6 ± 0.3% substrate utilization and at pH 6 the production was 68.7 ± 0.9 ml with 85 ± 1.0 % substrate utilization. Addition of metal ions resulted in better yield and substrate utilization efficiency of the bacteria. FeSO4.7H2O at a concentration of 50 mg/l gave 79.7 ± 1.5 ml with 96% of substrate utilization. Cobalt effected the production greatly by giving 96.3 ± 0.9 ml with 95.3 ± 0.7% of substrate utilization whereas Nickel didnt showed much effective results by giving only a maximum of 74.7 ± 1.5 ml production at 25 mg/l concentration. Conclusively, it can be stated that rice mill wastes can be used as a substrate and use of metal ions will play a key role in the enhancement of biohydrogen ...
https://www.emerald.com/insight/search?q=Veena%20Thakur
Q97EW9 | SWISS-MODEL Repository
SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for Q97EW9 (RNM5_CLOAB), Ribonuclease M5. Clostridium acetobutylicum (strain ATCC 824 / DSM 792 / JCM 1419 / LMG 5710/ VKM B-1787)
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q97EW9
IGEM:UNAM/2009/Notebook/IGEM project/2011/04/27 - OpenWetWareIGEM:UNAM/2009/Notebook/IGEM project/2011/04/27 - OpenWetWare
Task---- I ask Dr. Diego Gonzále Halphen if he could give us clhamydomonas reinhardtii. I ask Jovita Martínez, who take care of the strain collection of CINVESTAV-Mexico, if she could give us clostridium acetobutylicum. ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:UNAM/2009/Notebook/IGEM_project/2011/04/27
Search Results
Numerous significant hits in gapped BLAST to conserved hypothetical sequences; residues 13-374 are 34% similar to (AF036764) unknown [Clostridium acetobutylicum]; and residues 15-392 are 30% similar to YQEV_BACSU ...
http://stdgen.northwestern.edu/cgi-bin/gene_id_search.cgi?dbname=cpneu&gene_id=CPn0477
Solvent Production Complex Unit
Started in 1979 under license of UOP - USA. It designed to produce hexane (Food Grade) which is used for extraction food oil from plant seeds in addition, it produces many types of important petroleum solvent ...
https://www.alex-petroleum.com/Units_SolventProductionComplex.html
SOLVENT PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY - ALPHADYNAMIC PUMPSSOLVENT PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION INDUSTRY - ALPHADYNAMIC PUMPS
Sales office :. ALPHADYNAMIC PUMPS (UK) Ltd. Rockleigh House, 37 Burton Road. Ashby De La Zouch - Leicestershire. LE65 2LF - United Kingdom (UK). Tel : +44 1213 680 324, +44 1213 680 472. Email: [email protected]. www.alphadynamicpumps.co.uk. Registered in England and Wales.. Registration No.09706219. Vat No. GB 220393343. ...
https://www.alphadynamic.eu/media/media-2/
Search | SciELOSearch | SciELO
BACKGROUND: The development of clean or novel alternative energy has become a global trend that will shape the future of energy. In the present study, 3 microbial strains with different oxygen requirements, including Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15D, were used to construct a hydrogen production system that was composed of a mixed aerobic-facultative anaerobic-anaerobic consortium. The effects of metal ions, organic acids and carbohydrate substrates on this system were analyzed and compared using electrochemical and kinetic assays. It was then tested using small-scale experiments to evaluate its ability to convert starch in 5 L of organic wastewater into hydrogen. For the one-step biohydrogen production experiment, H1 medium (nutrient broth and potato dextrose broth) was mixed directly with GAM broth to generate H2 medium (H1 medium and GAM broth). Finally, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 and ...
https://search.scielo.org/?lang=en&q=au:Hongyu,%20Li
Effect of Butanol Challenge and Temperature on Lipid Composition and Membrane Fluidity of Butanol-Tolerant Clostridium...Effect of Butanol Challenge and Temperature on Lipid Composition and Membrane Fluidity of Butanol-Tolerant Clostridium...
The effect of butanol challenge (0, 1.0, 1.5% [vol/vol]) and growth temperature (22, 37, 42°C) on the membrane composition and fluidity of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and a butanol-tolerant mutant, SA-2, was examined in chemically defined medium. Growth of strain ATCC 824 into the stationary phase coincided with a gradual increase in the percent saturated to percent unsaturated (SU) fatty acid ratio. When challenged with butanol at 22 and 37°C, ATCC 824 demonstrated an immediate (within 30 min) dose-response increase in the SU ratio. This strain showed little additional change over a 48-h fermentation. Compared with ATCC 824, growth of SA-2 into the late stationary phase at 22 or 37°C resulted in an overall greater increase in the SU ratio for both unchallenged and challenged cells. This effect was minimized when SA-2 was challenged at 42°C, probably due to the combination of the membrane fluidizing effect of butanol and the elevated temperature. Growth at 42°C resulted in an ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/53/12/2854?ijkey=1e528cadcc18e01e3bda700b28715099b6ad2ed0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Single-Amino Acid Modifications Reveal Additional Controls on the Proton Pathway of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Single-Amino Acid Modifications Reveal Additional Controls on the Proton Pathway of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase. AU - Cornish, Adam J.. AU - Ginovska, Bojana. AU - Thelen, Adam. AU - Da Silva, Julio C S. AU - Soares, Thereza A.. AU - Raugei, Simone. AU - Dupuis, Michel. AU - Shaw, Wendy J.. AU - Hegg, Eric L.. PY - 2016/6/7. Y1 - 2016/6/7. N2 - The proton pathway of [FeFe]-hydrogenase is essential for enzymatic H2 production and oxidation and is composed of four residues and a water molecule. A computational analysis of this pathway in the [FeFe]-hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum revealed that the solvent-exposed residue of the pathway (Glu282) forms hydrogen bonds to two residues outside of the pathway (Arg286 and Ser320), implying that these residues could function in regulating proton transfer. In this study, we show that substituting Arg286 with leucine eliminates hydrogen bonding with Glu282 and results in an ∼3-fold enhancement of H2 production activity when methyl ...
https://sofi-northwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/single-amino-acid-modifications-reveal-additional-controls-on-the
Profile Facts: Alcohol fuelProfile Facts: Alcohol fuel
The fermentation processes to produce propanol and butanol from cellulose are fairly tricky to execute, and the Weizmann organism (Clostridium acetobutylicum) currently used to perform these conversions produces an extremely unpleasant smell, and this must be taken into consideration when designing and locating a fermentation plant. This organism also dies when the butanol content of whatever it is fermenting rises to 7%. For comparison, yeast dies when the ethanol content of its feedstock hits 14%. Specialized strains can tolerate even greater ethanol concentrations - so-called turbo yeast can withstand up to 16% ethanol . However, if ordinary Saccharomyces yeast can be modified to improve its ethanol resistance, scientists may yet one day produce a strain of the Weizmann organism with a butanol resistance higher than the natural boundary of 7%. This would be useful because butanol has a higher energy density than ethanol, and because waste fibre left over from sugar crops used to make ethanol ...
http://profilefacts.blogspot.com/2011/01/alcohol-fuel.html
Reconstruction of xylose utilization pathway and regulons in Firmicutes | Springer for Research & DevelopmentReconstruction of xylose utilization pathway and regulons in Firmicutes | Springer for Research & Development
Background Many Firmicutes bacteria, including solvent-producing clostridia such as Clostridium acetobutylicum, are able to utilize xylose, an abundant carbon source in nature. Nevertheless, homology...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2164-11-255
Army Research Laboratory initiative lends hand to economical waste-to-energy production | U.S. Army Research Laboratory
ADELPHI, Md. (Feb. 5, 2016) -- Military bases located in remote areas may one day be able to efficiently turn food waste into energy thanks to a collaborative research effort between scientists at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the University of Texas at Tyler.. The collaboration, made possible by ARLs Open Campus initiative, specifically focuses on the bacterium known as Clostridium acetobutylicum, which has the ability to convert substances found in food waste to commodity chemicals including butanol, which is useful for fuel cells to produce energy.. Forward operating bases are remote and often hastily constructed without much infrastructure, making waste disposal a significant burden. It is also a significant logistical and financial challenge to transport fuel for vehicles to these FOBs, said Dr. Joshua Banta, assistant biology professor at UT-Tyler who has been working on this project with ARL researchers since 2014. This research project seeks to take that burden and financial ...
http://www.arl.army.mil/www/?article=2678
adsorption production biofilm acetobutylicum clostridium reactor biobutanol simultaneous integrated recovery figure
Full Article. Butanol Fermentation by Clostridium saccharobutylicum Based on Poplar Wood Qiye Wang, a,b Chao Zhang, b Rui Yao, b Shaodong Xu, b Jie Zhong, b Lang Luo, b and Yiqiang Wang a,b, * As a potential source of liquid fuels, lignocellulosic material is an alternative to plant-derived starch and sugar, which are urgently needed to meet global demands for food.. ...
https://casablanca-kamyk.pl/28170-adsorption-production-biofilm-acetobutylicum-clostridium-reactor-biobutanol-simultaneous-integrated-recovery-figure/
Spontaneous activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases by an inorganic [2Fe] active site mimicSpontaneous activation of [FeFe]-hydrogenases by an inorganic [2Fe] active site mimic
Hydrogenases catalyze the formation of hydrogen. The cofactor (H-cluster) of [FeFe]-hydrogenases consists of a [4Fe-4S] cluster bridged to a unique [2Fe] subcluster whose biosynthesis in vivo requires hydrogenase-specific maturases. Here we show that a chemical mimic of the [2Fe] subcluster can reconstitute apo-hydrogenase to full activity, independent of helper proteins. The assembled H-cluster is virtually indistinguishable from the native cofactor. This procedure will be a powerful tool for developing new artificial H-2-producing catalysts.. ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:660856
FFAS03 list of results C.acetobutylicum / all
Ying Zhang, Ines Thiele, Dana Weekes, Zhanwen Li, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Krzysztof Ginalski, Ashley Deacon, John Wooley, Scott Lesley, Ian Wilson, Bernhard Palsson, Andrei Osterman, Adam Godzik. Three-Dimensional Structural View of the Central Metabolic Network of Thermotoga maritima. Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1544-9.. Alexey M. Eroshkin, Andrew LeBlanc, Dana Weekes, Kai Post, Zhanwen Li, Akhil Rajput, Sal T. Butera, Dennis R. Burton, Adam Godzik. bNAber: database of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies. Nucl. Acids Res. 2013; published on November 7, 2013.. Grynberg M, Godzik A. NERD: a DNA processing-related domain present in the anthrax virulence plasmid, pXO1. Trends Biochem Sci. 2004 Mar;29(3):106-10 ...
http://ffas.burnham.org/ffas-cgi/cgi/get_cov.pl?ses=&rv=COG0312
Difference between revisions of Swartz:Papers - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of Swartz:Papers - OpenWetWare
Lui BH, Cochran JR, Swartz, JR. Discovery of improved EGF agonists using a novel in vitro screening platform. J Mol Biol. 2011 Oct 21;413(2):4 06-15. Epub 2011 Aug 23. PMID 21888916 Yang WC, Welsh JP, Lee J, Cooke JP, Swartz JR. Solubility partner IF2 Domain I enables high yield synthesis of transducible transcription factors in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif. 2011 Nov;80(1):145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.06.017. Epub 2011 Jul 2. PMID 21757009 Kuchenreuther JM, George SJ, Grady-Smith CS, Cramer SP, Swartz JR. Cell-free H-cluster synthesis and [FeFe] hydrogenase activation: all five CO and CN⁻ ligands derive from tyrosine. PLoS One (2011);6(5):e20346. Epub 2011 May 31. PMID 21673792 Bingham AS, Smith PR, Swartz JR. Evolution of an [FeFe] hydrogenase with decreased oxygen sensitivity. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2011) doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.02.048 Smith PR, Bingham AS, Swartz JR. Generation of hydrogen from NADPH using an [FeFe] hydrogenase. International Journal of ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=Swartz:Papers&diff=794595&oldid=666953
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SAUSA300 RS04950 - AureoWikiSAUSA300 RS04950 - AureoWiki
Genetic information processingProtein fateProtein modification and repair[FeFe] hydrogenase H-cluster maturation GTPase HydF (TIGR03918; HMM-score: 17.7) ...
http://aureowiki.med.uni-greifswald.de/SAUSA300_RS04950
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Terms of Usage | Hyde Motor WorksTerms of Usage | Hyde Motor Works
Effective date: July 26, 2019 This is a copy of the Hyde Motor Works Terms of Usage. By using this website, our products, services and any information provided…
https://hydemotorworks.com/terms-of-usage/
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (2006) - John Carl BuechlerThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (2006) - John Carl Buechler
The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde - Le Docteur Jekyll est parvenu à mettre au point un sérum pour venir à bout de ses désordres cardiaques Mais celui-ci a de sinistres conséquences
http://www.ohmygore.com/the-strange-case-of-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde-fiche-0472186.html
INTEGRALLINTEGRALL
arr2 , pspC , sapA , qacEdelta1 , pspD , pspF , sul1 , aacA4-CR , ampC , sul1 , ISCR1 , blaOXA-1 , ampR , pspA , sapC , catB3 , pspB , ...
http://integrall.bio.ua.pt/?list&s=10100&ob=acc&reverse
Amor Plug&Play - El Psicólogo de Mr. HydeAmor Plug&Play - El Psicólogo de Mr. Hyde
Gabinete de Psicología y Comunicación. No hace falta estar mal para querer estar mejor: ansiedad, estrés, orientación laboral, depresión, gestión emocional, coaching, desarrollo personal...
http://www.elpsicologodemrhyde.com/compatibilidad-pareja-amor/?replytocom=4647
Amor Plug&Play - El Psicólogo de Mr. HydeAmor Plug&Play - El Psicólogo de Mr. Hyde
Gabinete de Psicología y Comunicación. No hace falta estar mal para querer estar mejor: ansiedad, estrés, orientación laboral, depresión, gestión emocional, coaching, desarrollo personal...
http://www.elpsicologodemrhyde.com/compatibilidad-pareja-amor/?replytocom=3816
Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde in the Management of Intangibles by Giuseppe Marzo :: SSRNDoctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde in the Management of Intangibles by Giuseppe Marzo :: SSRN
While the first large enthusiasm towards intangible resources drove to their complete identification as assets, therefore focusing on their positive role in val
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1926633
www.HOMEGROWN.org gardening Archives - www.HOMEGROWN.org
Not all vegetables are created equal. Some, like celery, onions, green beans, carrots, lettuces, and melons require a lot more water than other vegetables. Squash, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, chard, arugula, and dry beans, especially Tepary beans, are better choices for drought gardening, when water is restricted. Most plants have critical periods, when they require more water than normal. This is usually during flowering and fruit production.. If you really want to grow some of the higher-water-need plants, put them together on a separate water valve. That way you can have part of your garden getting more water than the rest, rather than the entire garden getting more water than some plants need. Also, space the plants farther apart, so they arent competing with each other for every precious drop. You may end up with fewer plants, but you wont have to water as much.. The picture above of all the squash is a perfect example of how water-wise gardening can be productive. All of that ...
https://homegrown.org/blog/tag/gardening/

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