A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.
Analogs or derivatives of prostaglandins F that do not occur naturally in the body. They do not include the product of the chemical synthesis of hormonal PGF.
Compounds obtained by chemical synthesis that are analogs or derivatives of naturally occurring prostaglandins and that have similar activity.
Degradation of CORPUS LUTEUM. In the absence of pregnancy and diminishing trophic hormones, the corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis which is characterized by the involution and cessation of its endocrine function.
The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.
Chemical compounds causing LUTEOLYSIS or degeneration.
Occurrence or induction of ESTRUS in all of the females in a group at the same time, applies only to non-primate mammals with ESTROUS CYCLE.
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.
The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.
The final period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the expulsion of the FETUS to the expulsion of the PLACENTA.
A genus of the subfamily CALLITRICHINAE occurring in forests of Brazil and Bolivia and containing seventeen species.
The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.
Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.
A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.
Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce LABOR, OBSTETRIC at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)
The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that follows OVULATION, characterized by the development of CORPUS LUTEUM, increase in PROGESTERONE production by the OVARY and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the ENDOMETRIUM. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of MENSTRUATION.
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
(9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-Trihydroxyprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGF(1 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11,alpha,13E,15S)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGF(2 alpha)); (5Z,9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-9,11,15-trihydroxyprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGF(3 alpha)). A family of prostaglandins that includes three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. All naturally occurring PGF have an alpha configuration at the 9-carbon position. They stimulate uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and are often used as oxytocics.
Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)
A water-soluble polypeptide (molecular weight approximately 8,000) extractable from the corpus luteum of pregnancy. It produces relaxation of the pubic symphysis and dilation of the uterine cervix in certain animal species. Its role in the human pregnant female is uncertain. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.
Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

Ovarian follicular responses in dairy cows treated with GnRH and cloprostenol. (1/180)

Lactating, nonpregnant (with a corpus luteum) Holsteins were given 100 ug GnRH (n = 12) or saline (n = 12) and 500 ug cloprostenol 6 d later. Following luteolysis, ovulation occurred 10.1 +/- 0.2 d (range, 9-12 d) after GnRH and 8.6 +/- 1.0 d (range, 3-12 d) after saline (differences between groups: means, P > 0.05; variability, P < 0.001). Treatment with GnRH and cloprostenol resulted in a relatively synchronous ovulation.  (+info)

Synchronization of estrus in beef cattle with norgestomet and estradiol valerate. (2/180)

Fifty-six cows received a norgestomet implant and an injection of norgestomet and estradiol valerate; half (n = 28) received 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) at implant removal, 9 d later. A third group (n = 25) received 2 doses of cloprostenol (500 micrograms) 11 d apart. Estrous rate was higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol plus 500 IU eCG (75.0%) than for those receiving cloprostenol (44.0%); for those receiving norgestomet and estradiol alone, it was intermediate (67.8%). Pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (after estrus or timed) were higher (P < 0.05) for cows given norgestomet and estradiol than for those given cloprostenol (23 of 28, 82.1% vs 13 of 25, 52.0%), and intermediate (67.8%) for those given norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG. In a second experiment, for heifers treated with norgestomet and estradiol plus eCG (n = 15) or with 2 doses of cloprostenol (n = 16), estrous rates were 66.7% vs 56.2% (P > 0.5), ovulation rates were 100.0% vs 81.2% (P = 0.08), intervals from implant removal or cloprostenol treatment to estrus were 48.0 +/- 4.4 hours vs 61.3 +/- 7.0 hours (P = 0.12) and to ovulation were 70.4 +/- 4.4 hours vs 93.2 +/- 7.5 hours (P < 0.01), respectively; pregnancy rates were 41.7 and 35.7%, respectively (P > 0.5). Norgestomet and estradiol were as good as (heifers) or superior to (cows) a 2-dose cloprostenol regimen. In cows given norgestomet and estradiol, injecting eCG at implant removal did not significantly improve estrous or pregnancy rates.  (+info)

Functional evidence for divergent receptor activation mechanisms of luteotrophic and luteolytic events in the human corpus luteum. (3/180)

Using a dispersed human luteal cell culture model, progesterone synthesis following treatment by incremental doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the stable prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) analogue cloprostenol, alone or in combination, was related to corpora lutea (CL) mRNA transcript abundance coding for the luteinizing hormone (LH)/HCG receptor (LH-R) and PGF2alpha-receptor (FP) by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 33 otherwise healthy women, scheduled for surgery due to benign conditions. CL were grouped according to age, based on the occurrence of a preovulatory LH surge where post-LH days 2-5 were designated as early luteal phase, days 6-10 as mid-luteal phase and days 11-14 as late luteal phase. When exposed to HCG, maximal progesterone output was raised 2.2-fold (P = 0.08, n = 5) compared with untreated controls in the early CL, while it increased 5.7- and 4.6-fold in the mid- and late groups respectively (P<0.05, n = 4 mid-luteal phase, n = 3 late luteal phase). This stimulation pattern was found to be concordant with the value of mRNA coding for LH-R in all groups (n = 6 early luteal phase, n = 5 mid-luteal phase, n = 6 late luteal phase). The integrated response to HCG and cloprostenol showed a dose-dependent 60% inhibition of progesterone production; but only in late luteal phase luteal cells (P<0.01, n = 3). FP mRNA values were lowest in early luteal phase, and increased with the age of the CL. Interestingly, lowest CL tissue concentrations of the natural FP agonist PGF2alpha were found during mid-luteal phase while it increased again 1.6-fold during late luteal phase (P<0.05, n = 8 versus mid-luteal phase, n = 6). Collectively, these data demonstrate that (i) the extrinsic functional control (or rescue of CL in the event of pregnancy) occurs when the sensitivity towards LH/HCG is maximal; and (ii) the demise of CL function is mediated via an acquisition of sensitivity towards the intrinsic luteolytic signal, PGF2alpha in the ageing CL.  (+info)

Effect of sodium cloprostenol and flunixin meglumine on luteolysis and the timing of birth in bitches. (4/180)

At birth, the physiological role of prostaglandins in bitches is unclear. Bitches were treated before parturition with either saline, the prostaglandin analogue, sodium cloprostenol, or the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, flunixin meglumine. The animals were examined regularly to determine the onset of parturition and a series of blood samples were taken to define the hormonal profiles before, during and after birth. Animals treated with cloprostenol whelped earlier than did controls. In addition, the prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite surge and decrease in plasma progesterone concentration and rectal temperature were earlier than in controls. Flunixin meglumine disrupted the normal 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2 alpha profile but did not abolish prostaglandin synthesis completely or delay the onset of labour in treated animals. This study confirms that prostaglandins induce luteolysis and the onset of labour in the bitch. However, the partial inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis does not prevent parturition.  (+info)

Source and site of action of anti-luteolytic interferon in red deer (Cervus elaphus): possible involvement of extra-ovarian oxytocin secretion in maternal recognition of pregnancy. (5/180)

Six conceptuses were collected from red deer hinds on day 22 after synchronization of oestrus with intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices (removal of device = day 0). Within 24 h of culture in vitro, the supernatant from five of six conceptuses showed detectable antiviral activity. Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) receptors were identified by immunohistochemistry on the luminal surface of the endometrium, in the neurohypophysis and paraventricular hypothalamus, but not in the ovaries of the hinds from which the conceptuses were collected. Another 16 intact hinds were synchronized as above. Injection of 4 mg IFN i.m. twice a day on days 13-15 had no effect on cloprostenol-induced oxytocin secretion on day 15 and did not prevent cloprostenol-induced luteal regression. Sixteen ovariectomized hinds received a protocol of steroid treatment to mimic ovarian hormone secretion during the normal oestrous cycle. On day 16, hinds showed undulant oxytocin secretion that showed a degree of temporal association with uterine PGF2 alpha release. Treatment with 4 mg IFN-alpha I 1 twice a day on days 13-16 had no effect on this spontaneous oxytocin secretion, but reduced the magnitude of cloprostenol-induced oxytocin secretion on day 17 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that red deer conceptuses secrete an anti-luteolytic IFN to which the endometrium expresses a receptor during early pregnancy. The presence of IFN receptors in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary and the IFN-induced suppression of extra-ovarian oxytocin secretion provides tentative evidence of an involvement of the central nervous system in maternal recognition of pregnancy in deer.  (+info)

Direct effects of ovine follicular fluid on ovarian steroid secretion and expression of markers of cellular differentiation in sheep. (6/180)

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ovine follicular fluid (FF) treatment (with or without FSH replacement) during the late follicular phase on plasma concentrations of gonadotrophins and the development of the ovulatory follicle. Ovarian steroid secretion and expression of mRNA encoding inhibin alpha and beta A, beta B subunits, P450 aromatase and P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase were used as endpoints. After induction of luteolysis by injection of 100 micrograms cloprostenol on days 10-12, Scottish Blackface ewes were allocated to one of three groups: (1) control (n = 7): no further treatment; (2) FF (n = 9): subcutaneous injections of 3 ml steroid-free ovine follicular fluid at 9 h intervals, 18 and 27 h after cloprostenol injection; (3) FF + FSH (n = 8): injections of follicular fluid as above plus subcutaneous injections of 0.36 iu ovine FSH at 6 h intervals, 18, 24, and 30 h after cloprostenol injection. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained via indwelling cannulae at 6 h intervals from 0 to 36 h after cloprostenol injection, and at 10 min intervals from 12 to 18 h (control phase) and from 30 to 36 h after cloprostenol injection (treatment phase). At laparotomy, 36 h after cloprostenol injection, ovarian venous blood was collected and ovaries were removed and processed for in situ hybridization. Plasma concentrations of FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and oestradiol were determined by radioimmunoassay. Follicular fluid treatment resulted in a decrease (P < 0.001) in FSH concentrations associated with an acute decrease in ovarian steroid secretion (P < 0.01) and a specific depression in P450 aromatase, (P < 0.001), inhibin-activin beta B subunit (P < 0.05) and thecal LH receptor (P < 0.001) expression. Follicular fluid treatment had no effect on inhibin-activin alpha and beta A, subunit or P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase expression. FSH co-treatment with follicular fluid restored circulating FSH concentrations to normal values and reversed some of the effects of follicular fluid (androstenedione, testosterone and progesterone secretion, and inhibin beta B and thecal LH receptor expression) but not oestradiol secretion or P450 aromatase expression. It was concluded that the actions of follicular fluid are mediated via both central effects on pituitary FSH secretion and by direct ovarian effects on granulosa cell aromatase activity. The results indicate that follicular fluid contains a factor that inhibits aromatase activity of granulosa cells directly and may play a role in the selection of the dominant follicle.  (+info)

Relationship between the responsiveness to multiple-ovulation treatment and the number of bovine oocytes collected by transvaginal follicle aspiration. (7/180)

To characterize factors affecting the number of bovine oocytes recovered transvaginally, a regression analysis was performed between the responsiveness to multiple-ovulation treatment and the number of oocytes recovered transvaginally. The number of embryos recovered following multiple-ovulation treatment and the number of oocytes recovered transvaginally increased when the number of follicles to be aspirated transvaginally increased (P<0.05. P<0.01). The number of cumulus-oocyte complexes recovered transvaginally also increased when the number of oocytes to be aspirated transvaginally increased (P<0.001). However, the number of viable embryos that recovered following multiple-ovulation treatment had no relation to the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes recovered transvaginally. These results suggested that more oocytes can be recovered from donors that have a high responsiveness to multiple-ovulation treatment.  (+info)

Prostaglandin f(2alpha) induces distinct physiological responses in porcine corpora lutea after acquisition of luteolytic capacity. (8/180)

This study examines differences in intracellular responses to cloprostenol, a prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha) analog, in porcine corpora lutea (CL) before (Day 9 of estrous cycle) and after (Day 17 of pseudopregnancy) acquisition of luteolytic capacity. Pigs on Day 9 or Day 17 were treated with saline or 500 microgram cloprostenol, and CL were collected 10 h (experiment I) or 0.5 h (experiment III) after treatment. Some CL were cut into small pieces and cultured to measure progesterone and PGF(2alpha) secretion. In experiment I, progesterone remained high and PGF(2alpha) low in luteal incubations from either Day 9 or Day 17 saline-treated pigs. Cloprostenol increased PGF(2alpha) production 465% and decreased progesterone production 87% only from Day 17 luteal tissue. Cloprostenol induced prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS)-2 mRNA (0.5 h) and protein (10 h) in both groups. In cell culture, cloprostenol or phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) (protein kinase C activator), induced PGHS-2 mRNA in luteal cells from both groups. However, acute cloprostenol treatment (10 min) decreased progesterone production and increased PGF(2alpha) production only from Day 17 luteal cells. Thus, PGF(2alpha) production is induced by cloprostenol in porcine CL with luteolytic capacity (Day 17) but not in CL without luteolytic capacity (Day 9). However, this change in PGF(2alpha) production is not explained by a difference in induction of PGHS-2 mRNA or protein.  (+info)

Cloprostenol is a synthetic prostaglandin analog used primarily in veterinary medicine for the treatment and prevention of various conditions. The main therapeutic uses of Cloprostenol include:

1. Induction of parturition (labor) in cows, helping to synchronize calving in managed herds.
2. Termination of pregnancy in cattle, especially in cases where the fetus is nonviable or the pregnancy poses a risk to the animal's health.
3. Treatment of uterine and oviductal disorders, such as pyometra (infection of the uterus) and salpingitis (inflammation of the oviduct), in cattle and pigs.
4. Prevention of postpartum disorders, like endometritis (inflammation of the lining of the uterus) and mastitis (inflammation of the mammary glands), by promoting uterine involution and improving overall reproductive performance in cattle.
5. Control of estrus (heat) in cattle, as an aid in estrous synchronization programs for artificial insemination.

Cloprostenol is available in various formulations, such as intramuscular or subcutaneous injectable solutions, and is typically administered by a veterinarian or trained personnel. It is important to note that the use of Cloprostenol and other prostaglandin analogs should be carried out under the guidance and supervision of a veterinary professional, as improper usage can lead to adverse effects or complications.

Prostaglandins F (PGF) are a type of prostaglandin, which are naturally occurring hormone-like substances that have various effects on the body. They are produced in response to injury or infection and play a role in inflammation, fever, and pain. Prostaglandins F are synthesized for medical use and are available as drugs known as dinoprost and cloprostenol.

Dinoprost is a synthetic form of PGF2α (prostaglandin F2 alpha) used to induce labor and treat postpartum hemorrhage. It works by causing the uterus to contract, helping to expel the placenta and reduce bleeding.

Cloprostenol is a synthetic form of PGF2α used in veterinary medicine as a reproductive hormone to synchronize estrus cycles in cattle and sheep, as well as to induce parturition (giving birth) in cows. It works by stimulating the contraction of the uterus and promoting the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation.

It is important to note that these synthetic prostaglandins should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional or veterinarian, as they can have side effects and interactions with other medications.

Synthetic prostaglandins are human-made versions of prostaglandins, which are naturally occurring hormone-like substances in the body that play many roles in health and disease. Prostaglandins are produced in various tissues throughout the body and have diverse effects, such as regulating blood flow, promoting inflammation, causing muscle contraction or relaxation, and modulating pain perception.

Synthetic prostaglandins are developed to mimic the effects of natural prostaglandins and are used for therapeutic purposes in medical treatments. They can be chemically synthesized or derived from animal tissues. Synthetic prostaglandins have been used in various clinical settings, including:

1. Induction of labor: Synthetic prostaglandin E1 (dinoprostone) and prostaglandin E2 (misoprostol) are used to ripen the cervix and induce labor in pregnant women.
2. Abortion: Misoprostol is used off-label for early pregnancy termination, often in combination with mifepristone.
3. Prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers: Misoprostol is sometimes prescribed to protect the stomach lining from developing ulcers due to long-term NSAID use.
4. Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: Synthetic prostaglandins like carboprost (15-methyl prostaglandin F2α) and dinoprostone are used to manage severe bleeding after childbirth.
5. Management of dysmenorrhea: Misoprostol is sometimes prescribed for the treatment of painful periods or menstrual cramps.
6. Treatment of erectile dysfunction: Alprostadil, a synthetic prostaglandin E1, can be used as an intracavernosal injection or urethral suppository to treat erectile dysfunction.

It is important to note that while synthetic prostaglandins mimic the effects of natural prostaglandins, they may also have additional or different properties and potential side effects. Therefore, their use should be under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional.

Luteolysis is the physiological process that leads to the breakdown and regression of the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which supports pregnancy in mammals. If pregnancy does not occur, luteolysis takes place approximately 10-14 days after ovulation in humans and is characterized by the degeneration of the corpus luteum, decreased production of progesterone, and the initiation of the menstrual cycle or the onset of a new reproductive cycle.

The primary event that triggers luteolysis is the release of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) from the uterus, which reaches the corpus luteum through the systemic circulation and causes vasoconstriction, reduced blood flow, and structural damage to the corpus luteum. This results in a decline in progesterone levels, which ultimately leads to menstruation or the onset of a new reproductive cycle.

In summary, luteolysis is a crucial process in the female reproductive system that regulates hormonal balance and prepares the body for a new reproductive cycle when pregnancy does not occur.

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms in the ovary after an oocyte (egg) has been released from a follicle during ovulation. It's formed by the remaining cells of the ruptured follicle, which transform into large, hormone-secreting cells.

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to produce progesterone and, to a lesser extent, estrogen during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will typically degenerate and stop producing hormones after approximately 10-14 days, leading to menstruation.

However, if pregnancy occurs, the developing embryo starts to produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which signals the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone and estrogen until the placenta takes over hormonal production, usually around the end of the first trimester.

Luteolytic agents are substances that cause the breakdown or regression of the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation and produces progesterone during early pregnancy in mammals. These agents work by inhibiting the secretion of prostaglandins, which are necessary for maintaining the integrity of the corpus luteum. By causing the breakdown of the corpus luteum, luteolytic agents can induce menstruation or cause the termination of an early pregnancy. Examples of luteolytic agents include prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2α) and its analogs, as well as certain dopamine agonists such as cabergoline. These agents are used in various clinical settings, including reproductive medicine and veterinary medicine.

Estrus synchronization is a veterinary medical procedure used in the management of domestic animals, such as cattle and sheep. It is a process of coordinating the estrous cycles of animals so that they can be bred at the same time or have their fertility treatments performed simultaneously. This is achieved through the use of various hormonal therapies, including progestins, prostaglandins, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH).

The goal of estrus synchronization is to improve reproductive efficiency in animal production systems by ensuring that a larger number of animals become pregnant during a shorter breeding season. This can lead to more uniform calf or lamb crops, reduced labor and management costs, and increased profitability for farmers and ranchers.

Estrus synchronization is a complex process that requires careful planning and implementation, as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the animals' reproductive performance. It is typically performed under the guidance of a veterinarian or animal reproduction specialist.

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is primarily produced in the ovaries during the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. It plays an essential role in preparing the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. Progesterone works to thicken the lining of the uterus, creating a nurturing environment for the developing embryo.

During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum, a temporary structure formed in the ovary after an egg has been released from a follicle during ovulation. If pregnancy does not occur, the levels of progesterone will decrease, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and menstruation.

In addition to its reproductive functions, progesterone also has various other effects on the body, such as helping to regulate the immune system, supporting bone health, and potentially influencing mood and cognition. Progesterone can be administered medically in the form of oral pills, intramuscular injections, or vaginal suppositories for various purposes, including hormone replacement therapy, contraception, and managing certain gynecological conditions.

Dinoprost is a synthetic form of prostaglandin F2α, which is a naturally occurring hormone-like substance in the body. It is used in veterinary medicine as a uterotonic agent to induce labor and abortion in various animals such as cows and pigs. In human medicine, it may be used off-label for similar purposes, but its use must be under the close supervision of a healthcare provider due to potential side effects and risks.

It is important to note that Dinoprost is not approved by the FDA for use in humans, and its availability may vary depending on the country or region. Always consult with a licensed healthcare professional before using any medication, including Dinoprost.

Estrus is a term used in veterinary medicine to describe the physiological and behavioral state of female mammals that are ready to mate and conceive. It refers to the period of time when the female's reproductive system is most receptive to fertilization.

During estrus, the female's ovaries release one or more mature eggs (ovulation) into the fallopian tubes, where they can be fertilized by sperm from a male. This phase of the estrous cycle is often accompanied by changes in behavior and physical appearance, such as increased vocalization, restlessness, and swelling of the genital area.

The duration and frequency of estrus vary widely among different species of mammals. In some animals, such as dogs and cats, estrus occurs regularly at intervals of several weeks or months, while in others, such as cows and mares, it may only occur once or twice a year.

It's important to note that the term "estrus" is not used to describe human reproductive physiology. In humans, the equivalent phase of the menstrual cycle is called ovulation.

The third stage of labor is the period between the delivery of the baby and the expulsion of the placenta. It is also known as the afterbirth stage. This stage is typically completed within 5-30 minutes, but can take up to an hour. During this stage, the uterus continues to contract, causing the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Once separated, the placenta is expelled from the body with the help of contractions and a strong push from the mother. It is important for medical professionals to monitor this stage closely to ensure that the entire placenta is expelled and to manage any potential complications, such as heavy bleeding.

Callithrix is a genus of New World monkeys, also known as marmosets. They are small, active primates found in the forests of South and Central America. The term "Callithrix" itself is derived from the Greek words "kallis" meaning beautiful and "thrix" meaning hair, referring to their thick, vibrantly colored fur.

Marmosets in the genus Callithrix are characterized by their slender bodies, long, bushy tails, and specialized dental structures that allow them to gouge tree bark to extract sap and exudates, which form a significant part of their diet. They also consume fruits, insects, and small vertebrates.

Some well-known species in this genus include the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), the white-headed marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi), and the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita). Marmosets are popular subjects of research due to their small size, short gestation period, and ease of breeding in captivity.

Ovulation is the medical term for the release of a mature egg from an ovary during a woman's menstrual cycle. The released egg travels through the fallopian tube where it may be fertilized by sperm if sexual intercourse has occurred recently. If the egg is not fertilized, it will break down and leave the body along with the uterine lining during menstruation. Ovulation typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle, but the timing can vary widely from woman to woman and even from cycle to cycle in the same woman.

During ovulation, there are several physical changes that may occur in a woman's body, such as an increase in basal body temperature, changes in cervical mucus, and mild cramping or discomfort on one side of the lower abdomen (known as mittelschmerz). These symptoms can be used to help predict ovulation and improve the chances of conception.

It's worth noting that some medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian failure, may affect ovulation and make it difficult for a woman to become pregnant. In these cases, medical intervention may be necessary to help promote ovulation and increase the chances of conception.

Equine Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones derived from the pituitary gland of horses. They consist of two subunits: a common alpha subunit and a unique beta subunit that determines the biological activity of each hormone. There are two main types of equine gonadotropins: Equine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (eFSH) and Equine Luteinizing Hormone (eLH).

eFSH plays a crucial role in the growth and development of ovarian follicles in females, while eLH stimulates ovulation and the production of sex steroids in both males and females. These hormones are often used in veterinary medicine to induce ovulation and improve fertility in horses, as well as in research to study the physiology and biochemistry of gonadotropins and reproduction. It's important to note that equine gonadotropins have limited application in human reproductive medicine due to potential immunogenic reactions and other safety concerns.

Buserelin is a synthetic analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LHRH), which is a hormonal drug used in the treatment of various conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, prostate cancer, and central precocious puberty.

By mimicking the action of natural GnRH, buserelin stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates the production of sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

However, prolonged use of buserelin leads to downregulation of GnRH receptors and a decrease in FSH and LH secretion, resulting in reduced levels of sex hormones. This property is exploited in the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate cancer, where reducing testosterone levels can help slow tumor growth.

Buserelin is available in various forms, including nasal sprays, implants, and injectable solutions, and its use should be under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to potential side effects and the need for careful monitoring of hormone levels during treatment.

I. Definition:

An abortion in a veterinary context refers to the intentional or unintentional termination of pregnancy in a non-human animal before the fetus is capable of surviving outside of the uterus. This can occur spontaneously (known as a miscarriage) or be induced through medical intervention (induced abortion).

II. Common Causes:

Spontaneous abortions may result from genetic defects, hormonal imbalances, infections, exposure to toxins, trauma, or other maternal health issues. Induced abortions are typically performed for population control, humane reasons (such as preventing the birth of a severely deformed or non-viable fetus), or when the pregnancy poses a risk to the mother's health.

III. Methods:

Veterinarians may use various methods to induce abortion depending on the species, stage of gestation, and reason for the procedure. These can include administering drugs that stimulate uterine contractions (such as prostaglandins), physically removing the fetus through surgery (dilation and curettage or hysterectomy), or using techniques specific to certain animal species (e.g., intrauterine infusion of hypertonic saline in equids).

IV. Ethical Considerations:

The ethics surrounding veterinary abortions are complex and multifaceted, often involving considerations related to animal welfare, conservation, population management, and human-animal relationships. Veterinarians must weigh these factors carefully when deciding whether to perform an abortion and which method to use. In some cases, legal regulations may also influence the decision-making process.

V. Conclusion:

Abortion in veterinary medicine is a medical intervention that can be used to address various clinical scenarios, ranging from unintentional pregnancy loss to deliberate termination of pregnancy for humane or population control reasons. Ethical considerations play a significant role in the decision-making process surrounding veterinary abortions, and veterinarians must carefully evaluate each situation on a case-by-case basis.

Oxytocics are a class of medications that stimulate the contraction of uterine smooth muscle. They are primarily used in obstetrics to induce or augment labor, and to control bleeding after childbirth. Oxytocin is the most commonly used oxytocic and is naturally produced by the posterior pituitary gland. Synthetic forms of oxytocin, such as Pitocin, are often used in medical settings to induce labor or reduce postpartum bleeding. Other medications with oxytocic properties include ergometrine and methylergometrine. It's important to note that the use of oxytocics should be monitored carefully as overuse can lead to excessive uterine contractions, which may compromise fetal oxygenation and increase the risk of uterine rupture.

The luteal phase is the second half of the menstrual cycle, starting from ovulation (release of an egg from the ovaries) and lasting until the start of the next menstruation. This phase typically lasts around 12-14 days in a regular 28-day menstrual cycle. During this phase, the remains of the dominant follicle that released the egg transform into the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone and some estrogen to support the implantation of a fertilized egg and maintain the early stages of pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in hormone levels and the start of a new menstrual cycle.

I apologize, but "sheep" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a common animal with the scientific name Ovis aries. If you have any medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

Prostaglandin F (PGF) is a type of prostaglandin, which is a group of lipid compounds that are synthesized in the body from fatty acids and have diverse hormone-like effects. Prostaglandin F is a naturally occurring compound that is produced in various tissues throughout the body, including the uterus, lungs, and kidneys.

There are two major types of prostaglandin F: PGF1α and PGF2α. These compounds play important roles in a variety of physiological processes, including:

* Uterine contraction: Prostaglandin F helps to stimulate uterine contractions during labor and childbirth. It is also involved in the shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation.
* Bronchodilation: In the lungs, prostaglandin F can help to relax bronchial smooth muscle and promote bronchodilation.
* Renal function: Prostaglandin F helps to regulate blood flow and fluid balance in the kidneys.

Prostaglandin F is also used as a medication to induce labor, treat postpartum hemorrhage, and manage some types of glaucoma. It is available in various forms, including injections, tablets, and eye drops.

Induced abortion is a medical procedure that intentionally terminates a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the womb. It can be performed either surgically or medically through the use of medications. The timing of an induced abortion is typically based on the gestational age of the pregnancy, with different methods used at different stages.

The most common surgical procedure for induced abortion is vacuum aspiration, which is usually performed during the first trimester (up to 12-13 weeks of gestation). This procedure involves dilating the cervix and using a vacuum device to remove the pregnancy tissue from the uterus. Other surgical procedures, such as dilation and evacuation (D&E), may be used in later stages of pregnancy.

Medical abortion involves the use of medications to induce the termination of a pregnancy. The most common regimen involves the use of two drugs: mifepristone and misoprostol. Mifepristone works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary for maintaining pregnancy. Misoprostol causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy tissue. This method is typically used during the first 10 weeks of gestation.

Induced abortion is a safe and common medical procedure, with low rates of complications when performed by trained healthcare providers in appropriate settings. Access to induced abortion varies widely around the world, with some countries restricting or prohibiting the practice entirely.

Relaxin is a hormone produced by the ovaries and, during pregnancy, also by the placenta and the fetal membranes. Its primary function is to relax the uterus and pelvic joints in preparation for childbirth, hence its name. It does this by softening the connective tissues and increasing their elasticity, which allows them to stretch more easily. Relaxin also plays a role in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy, helping to maintain healthy blood pressure levels.

Additionally, relaxin has been shown to have effects on other parts of the body, such as reducing muscle stiffness and joint pain, increasing flexibility, and potentially even playing a role in bone metabolism. However, more research is needed to fully understand all of its functions and potential therapeutic uses.

Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including social bonding, childbirth, and breastfeeding. During childbirth, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to facilitate labor and delivery. After giving birth, oxytocin continues to be released in large amounts during breastfeeding, promoting milk letdown and contributing to the development of the maternal-infant bond.

In social contexts, oxytocin has been referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone," as it is involved in social bonding, trust, and attachment. It can be released during physical touch, such as hugging or cuddling, and may contribute to feelings of warmth and closeness between individuals.

In addition to its roles in childbirth, breastfeeding, and social bonding, oxytocin has been implicated in other physiological functions, including regulating blood pressure, reducing anxiety, and modulating pain perception.

Artificial insemination (AI) is a medical procedure that involves the introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterus for the purpose of achieving pregnancy. This procedure can be performed using sperm from a partner or a donor. It is often used when there are issues with male fertility, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility, or in cases where natural conception is not possible due to various medical reasons.

There are two types of artificial insemination: intracervical insemination (ICI) and intrauterine insemination (IUI). ICI involves placing the sperm directly into the cervix, while IUI involves placing the sperm directly into the uterus using a catheter. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, including the cause of infertility and the preferences of the individuals involved.

Artificial insemination is a relatively simple and low-risk procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office or clinic. It may be combined with fertility drugs to increase the chances of pregnancy. The success rate of artificial insemination varies depending on several factors, including the age and fertility of the individuals involved, the cause of infertility, and the type of procedure used.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein hormone, which is primarily produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, a surge of LH triggers ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovaries during the menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, LH stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. In men, LH stimulates the testes to produce testosterone. It plays a crucial role in sexual development, reproduction, and maintaining the reproductive system.

An ovarian follicle is a fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg or ovum (oocyte). It's a part of the female reproductive system and plays a crucial role in the process of ovulation.

Ovarian follicles start developing in the ovaries during fetal development, but only a small number of them will mature and release an egg during a woman's reproductive years. The maturation process is stimulated by hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

There are different types of ovarian follicles, including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary or Graafian follicles. The Graafian follicle is the mature follicle that ruptures during ovulation to release the egg into the fallopian tube, where it may be fertilized by sperm.

It's important to note that abnormal growth or development of ovarian follicles can lead to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer.

Estradiol is a type of estrogen, which is a female sex hormone. It is the most potent and dominant form of estrogen in humans. Estradiol plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in women, such as breast development and regulation of the menstrual cycle. It also helps maintain bone density, protect the lining of the uterus, and is involved in cognition and mood regulation.

Estradiol is produced primarily by the ovaries, but it can also be synthesized in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands and fat cells. In men, estradiol is produced from testosterone through a process called aromatization. Abnormal levels of estradiol can contribute to various health issues, such as hormonal imbalances, infertility, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer.

... is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). It is a potent luteolytic agent; this means that, within ... Plumb DC (2015). "Cloprostenol Sodium". Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook (8th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 9781118911938. v t e (Articles ...
Cloprostenol is another example of such an agent. "Luteolysis - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 2020-12-18. McCracken ...
... cloprostenol MeSH D10.251.355.255.775 - thromboxanes MeSH D10.251.355.310 - fatty acids, essential MeSH D10.251.355.310.166 - ...
... cloprostenol (INN) cloprothiazole (INN) cloquinate (INN) cloquinozine (INN) cloracetadol (INN) cloral betaine (INN) ...
G02AD02 Dinoprostone G02AD03 Gemeprost G02AD04 Carboprost G02AD05 Sulprostone G02AD06 Misoprostol QG02AD90 Cloprostenol ...
The synthetic analogs that like PGF2α act as selective receptor agonists of FP viz., cloprostenol, flupostenol, latanoprost, ...
... cloprostenol MeSH D23.767.193.184 - bilirubin MeSH D23.767.193.184.200 - biliverdine MeSH D23.767.193.727 - urobilin MeSH ...
Cloprostenol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). It is a potent luteolytic agent; this means that, within ... Plumb DC (2015). "Cloprostenol Sodium". Plumbs Veterinary Drug Handbook (8th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 9781118911938. v t e (Articles ...
Pesticide properties for Cloprostenol sodium , including approvals, environmental fate, eco-toxicity and human health issues ...
Cloprostenol Insert E no. Home » Cloprostenol Veyx » Cloprostenol Insert E no. Cloprostenol Insert E no ...
An intramuscular injection of 2 ml of sodium cloprostenol (87 µg) was given 24 h postpartum to the sows of the Cloprostenol ... Administration of cloprostenol to sows improves WSI and farrowing rate Details Category: Swine Resources - Breeding/ ... 62.33 %) in the Cloprostenol group, and there was a tendency for an increase in pregnancy rate (ultrasonography evaluation at ... Blood progesterone levels decreased from 0 to 72 h post‑partum in the Cloprostenol group, but not in the Control group. Weaning ...
Follicular Dynamics Following Cloprostenol Administration in the Diestrous Mare. In: SFT - Theriogenology Annual Conference - ...
Cloprostenol Isopropyl Ester 157283-66-4,157283-66-4 at china-sinoway.com. Quick response,right solution and efficient on-site ... cloprostenol Isopropyl Ester is the optically active, 15(r) enantiomer of cloprostenol responsible for the majority of its ... cloprostenol isopropyl ester is a more lipid soluble form of cloprostenol, which may be more amenable for certain formula ... Hot Tags : 157283-66-4 Cloprostenol Isopropyl Ester Isopropyl Cloprostenate prostaglandin powder prostaglandin series ...
Cloprostenol / administration & dosage * Cloprostenol / analogs & derivatives* * Eyelashes / drug effects * Eyelashes / growth ...
The aim of this study was to determine the short-, mid- and long-term effects of cloprostenol (a synthetic analogue of ... Morphometric and histopathologic evaluation of the effects of cloprostenol and equine chorionic gonadotropin administration on ...
Luteal regression and follicular dynamic after spontaneous or cloprostenol induced luteolysis in Gir cattle Viana, J.H.M.; ... ou após a indução artificial da luteólise pela aplicação de 500 g de cloprostenol (n=13), utilizando-se um aparelho portátil de ... or after induction of luteolysis by the administration of 500 g of cloprostenol (n=13), using a portable ultrasound device. ...
Cloprostenol / therapeutic use Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...
On September 20, the FDA approved Estroplan, an injectable cloprostenol solution for dairy cows. This supplement is indicated ...
Day 7: 500 mcg cloprostenol (as cloprostenol sodium).. Day 9: 100 mcg gonadorelin (as the acetate salt) or sterile water for ... Day 7: 500 mcg cloprostenol (as cloprostenol sodium). Day 9: 100 mcg gonadorelin (as the acetate salt) or sterile water for ... Administer the 500 mcg cloprostenol (as cloprostenol sodium) by intramuscular injection 6 to 8 days after the first OvaCyst ... For use with cloprostenol sodium to synchronize estrous cycles to allow for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) in ...
Clinical observations on inductions of abortions in mares between 3 and 7 months of pregnancy with cloprostenol ... and 15 min later 2.5 micrograms cloprostenol kg-1 s.c., three times at 48 h intervals (day 1, day 3, day 5). After one ...
Determination of Prostaglandins (Carboprost, Cloprostenol, Dinoprost, Dinoprostone, Misoprostol, Sulprostone) by UHPLC-MS/MS in ...
Investigación continua enfocada sobre el estudio de la coccidiosis en los pollos y en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnología en el campo de la producción avícolas. ...
Cloprostenol,N0000011472, Urate Oxidase,N0000011471, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid,N0000011470, Hydroxybutyrates,N0000011469, ...
Control group cows received two injections of Cloprostenol (750 μg/Case, IM) with 14 d interval. Then, they received an ...
When combined with cloprostenol the clinical recovery rate was 84 % but the treatment frequently lasted up to 28 days15. Intra- ... In one study using cabergoline and cloprostenol clinical recovery was attained within 14 days in over 90 % of cases, with a ... Fieni F 2006 Clinical evaluation of the use of aglepristone, with or without cloprostenol, to treat cystic endometrial ... Russo M 2007 Treatment of spontaneous pyometra in 22 bitches with a combination of cabergoline and cloprostenol. Veterinary ...
Cloprostenol. Not Annotated. Gestrinone. Endometriosis with or without accompanying sterility. Treatment is limited to a single ...
The first FDA-approved GnRH for use with cloprostenol sodium to synchronize estrous cycles in both lactating dairy and beef ...
Cloprostenol * Cattle POM-V Great Britain Cevac MD Rispens Concentrate and Solvent for Suspension for Injection for Chickens ...
Cloprostenol (substance) {763009004 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Cloprostenol sodium (substance) {96352000 , ...
Cloprostenol Sodium Narrower Concept UI. M0351575. Registry Number. 886SAV9675. Terms. Cloprostenol Sodium Preferred Term Term ... Cloprostenol Monosodium Salt Cloprostenol Sodium Estrumate ICI-80,966 Oestrophan Pharm Action. Luteolytic Agents. Registry ... Cloprostenol Monosodium Salt Term UI T360764. Date09/13/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1999). ... Cloprostenol Preferred Term Term UI T008736. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID ...
Cloprostenol Sodium Narrower Concept UI. M0351575. Registry Number. 886SAV9675. Terms. Cloprostenol Sodium Preferred Term Term ... Cloprostenol Monosodium Salt Cloprostenol Sodium Estrumate ICI-80,966 Oestrophan Pharm Action. Luteolytic Agents. Registry ... Cloprostenol Monosodium Salt Term UI T360764. Date09/13/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1999). ... Cloprostenol Preferred Term Term UI T008736. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID ...
Composition: Cloprostenol (as cloprostenol sodium BP), 250 µg/mL. .Administration/dosage By intramuscular injection: 3-5ml for ...
Fraser D., Connor M.L. (1984). Effect of dosage of cloprostenol on induction of farrowing and body temperature of sows. Can. ... Kaeoket K. (2006). The effect of dose and route of administration of R-cloprostenol on the parturient response of sows. Reprod ... Nam H.N., Dao B.T.A., Sukon P. (2022). Effects of farrowing induction using cloprostenol on sow farrowing characteristics, Vet ... Nam N. H., Sukon P. (2022 a). Incidence of dystocia at piglet level in cloprostenol-induced farrowings and associated risk ...
... cloprostenol). Treatment efficacy was evaluated by manifestation of behavioral estrus after treatment and concentration of ...
Cloprostenol Sodium Entry term(s). Cloprostenol Monosodium Salt Monosodium Salt, Cloprostenol Salt, Cloprostenol Monosodium ... Monosodium Salt, Cloprostenol. Oestrophan. Salt, Cloprostenol Monosodium. Sodium, Cloprostenol. Tree number(s):. D10.251. ... Cloprostenol Monosodium Salt. Cloprostenol Sodium. Estrumate. ICI 80,966. ICI-80,966. ICI80,966. ... Cloprostenol - Preferred Concept UI. M0004625. Scope note. A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has ...
  • Cloprostenol is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). (wikipedia.org)
  • Administration of PGF 2α (25 mg, IM) or prostaglandin analogue (cloprostenol at 500 mcg, IM) to cows with a functional corpus luteum starting 5 days after ovulation results in estrus ~2-6 days later. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • En une injection intramusculaire hebdomadaire de testostérone. (nipponcha.jp)
  • CIDRs were removed 7 days later and cows were administered 500 μg cloprostenol. (tennessee.edu)
  • An intramuscular injection of 2 ml of sodium cloprostenol (87 µg) was given 24 h postpartum to the sows of the Cloprostenol group. (vacaresources.com)
  • Administer the 500 mcg cloprostenol (as cloprostenol sodium) by intramuscular injection 6 to 8 days after the first OvaCyst injection. (nih.gov)
  • Group 2 was induced to estrus with cloprostenol and inseminated thereafter. (scielo.org)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the short-, mid- and long-term effects of cloprostenol (a synthetic analogue of prostoglandin F2 alpha, PG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (E) administration on reproductive organs (uterine tissue and ovaries) in female rats. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • Administered the second OvaCyst injection (2 mL) 30 to 72 hours after the cloprostenol sodium injection. (nih.gov)
  • cloprostenol Isopropyl Ester is the optically active, 15(r) enantiomer of cloprostenol responsible for the majority of its biological activity. (china-sinoway.com)
  • Effect of dosage of cloprostenol on induction of farrowing and body temperature of sows. (sciendo.com)
  • The effect of cloprostenol alone or with oxytocin on induction of parturition, litter characteristics and subsequent fertility of the sow. (sciendo.com)
  • Thus, this study evaluated the influence of the hormonal protocol of cervical dilation (based on estradiol benzoate, d?cloprostenol and oxytocin) on the expression profile of genes related to incidence of apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2), stress (Hsp90 and PRDX1) and pluripotency maintenance (Oct-4 and NANOG). (embrapa.br)
  • In conclusion, the cervical relaxation protocol based on the administration of estradiol benzoate, d-cloprostenol and oxytocin may temporarily alter the expression of NANOG and OCT4 genes in surgically. (embrapa.br)
  • On D−2, P4 devices were removed, and all cows received the same treatment: 1 mg estradiol cypionate, 0.53 mg sodium cloprostenol, and 300 IU eCG. (scielo.org)
  • After collecting the embryos, cloprostenol was injected to donors to induce luteolisis and reinitiate a new follicular wave. (edu.pe)
  • nevertheless, few systematic bits of solid proof have already been experimentally performed, executed and/or validated to predict lung Cloprostenol (sodium salt) supplier oncological healing efficacy. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Cloprostenol is an active substance of the veterinary drug. (belagrogen.by)
  • The application of cloprostenol after farrowing improved fertility rates and reduced non-productive days. (vacaresources.com)
  • Weaning to service interval was reduced in the Cloprostenol group (5.72 ± 0.23 days vs. 6.20 ± 0.22 days). (vacaresources.com)
  • Gr-I and Gr-II, n=6 each) and the postpartum lactating acyclic buffaloes (Gr-III, n=6) using a double Ovsynch protocol, which consisted of i/m injections of 20 µg Buserelin acetate on days 0, 10, 17 and 26 and 500 µg Cloprostenol sodium on days 7 and 24, with a timed insemination on day 27. (arccjournals.com)
  • Goats received 20 mg FGA sponges for 6 days plus 300 IU eCG and 125 mu g d-cloprostenol 24 h prior to sponge removal. (uludag.edu.tr)
  • On September 20, the FDA approved Estroplan, an injectable cloprostenol solution for dairy cows. (avma.org)
  • Blood progesterone levels decreased from 0 to 72 h post‑partum in the Cloprostenol group, but not in the Control group. (vacaresources.com)
  • For use with cloprostenol sodium to synchronize estrous cycles to allow for fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) in lactating dairy cows and beef cows. (nih.gov)