Clopenthixol
Laboratories, Dental
Oral Medicine
Technology, Dental
Biological Science Disciplines
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.
Uncertainty
Electronic Mail
Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.
Disease Outbreaks
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)
Antipsychotic Agents
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
Dantrolene
Mutism
The inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. This may be associated with BRAIN DISEASES or MENTAL DISORDERS. Organic mutism may be associated with damage to the FRONTAL LOBE; BRAIN STEM; THALAMUS; and CEREBELLUM. Selective mutism is a psychological condition that usually affects children characterized by continuous refusal to speak in social situations by a child who is able and willing to speak to selected persons. Kussmal aphasia refers to mutism in psychosis. (From Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 1994; 62(9):337-44)
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Isocarboxazid
Hallucinations
Delusions
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, Paranoid
Treatment Outcome
Paranoid Disorders
Chronic mental disorders in which there has been an insidious development of a permanent and unshakeable delusional system (persecutory delusions or delusions of jealousy), accompanied by preservation of clear and orderly thinking. Emotional responses and behavior are consistent with the delusional state.
Organophosphonates
Amination
Molecular Structure
Phosphorus
Structure-Activity Relationship
Stereoisomerism
Cyclohexylamines
Antibodies, Bispecific
Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.
Tetracyclines
Carcinoma
Trehalase
Work of Breathing
RESPIRATORY MUSCLE contraction during INHALATION. The work is accomplished in three phases: LUNG COMPLIANCE work, that required to expand the LUNGS against its elastic forces; tissue resistance work, that required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures; and AIRWAY RESISTANCE work, that required to overcome airway resistance during the movement of air into the lungs. Work of breathing does not refer to expiration, which is entirely a passive process caused by elastic recoil of the lung and chest cage. (Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8th ed, p406)
Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Dibucaine
Lidocaine
Clozapine
A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)
Psychiatry
A double blind comparison of zuclopenthixol acetate with haloperidol in the management of acutely disturbed schizophrenics. (1/11)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of zuclopenthixol acetate compared with haloperidol in the management of the acutely disturbed schizophrenic patient. Suitable subjects diagnosed as having schizophreniform disorder or acute exacerbation of schizophrenia admitted to the psychiatric wards Hospital Kuala Lumpur were randomised to receive either zuclopenthixol acetate or haloperidol. They were rated blind for three consecutive days using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and UKU Side Effects Scale. Apart from repeat injections of the same medication, no other anti-psychotic was given for the duration of the study. 50 subjects entered the study of which 44 completed. 23 were given zuclopenthixol acetate and 21 haloperidol. Both groups significantly reduced BPRS and CGI scores on all 3 days compared to the initial rating (p < 0.001). There was however no difference between the zuclopenthixol acetate and haloperidol group scores on all days (p > 0.05). More subjects on haloperidol than zuclopenthixol required more than 1 injection during the study. Both groups had minimal side effects. Zuclopenthixol acetate was effective in the management of the acutely disturbed schizophrenic. (+info)The interaction of neuroleptic and muscarinic agents with central dopaminergic systems. (2/11)
1. The effect of muscarinic and neuroleptic agents on the turning behaviour induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in rats with unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra induced by 6-hydroxydopamine has been examined. 2. Turning towards the side of the lesion induced by (+)-methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) was inhibited by alpha-flupenthixol (1 mg/kg) and alpha-clopenthixol (8 mg/kg) but not by high doses of their beta-isomers. 3. Turning was inhibited by chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) and pimozide (0.2 mg/kg). Thioridazine and clozapine (16 mg/kg) were ineffective. Turning in the same direction produced by scopolamine (10 mg/kg) was also inhibited by alpha-flupenthixol (1 mg/kg) and pimozide (0.25 mg/kg). 4. Turning produced by methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) was inhibited by oxotremorine (0.75 mg/kg) even in the presence of methylatropine (5 mg/kg). 5. Turning away from the side of the lesion induced by apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg) was inhibited by oxotremorine (0.75 mg/kg) but not by thioridazine or clozapine (16 mg/kg). 6. These results are discussed with regard to the mode of action of neuroleptic drugs in producing anti-psychotic effects and drug-induced Parkinsonism. (+info)Concentrations of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and trans(E)-clopenthixol in a lethal case involving zuclopenthixol, diazepam, and cyamemazine. (3/11)
cis(Z)-Clopenthixol and trans(E)-clopenthixol were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection in necropic samples from a postmortem case. The peripheral blood concentrations of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and trans(E)-clopenthixol were 278 and 177 ng/mL, respectively. The level of the active cis(Z)-isomer is within the toxic range. Other associated drugs' concentrations were within their therapeutic ranges. Postmortem redistribution of the drug and instability of the drug due to trans-isomerization were discussed. (+info)Flow-injection chemiluminometric determination of some thioxanthene derivatives in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids using the [Ru(dipy)3(2+)]-Ce(IV) system. (4/11)
A flow-injection (FI) methodology using tris(2,2'-dipyridyl)ruthenium(II), [Ru(dipy)3(2+)], chemiluminescence (CL) was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of three thioxanthene derivatives, namely zuclopenthixol hydrochloride, flupentixol hydrochloride and thiothixene. The method is based on the CL reaction of the studied thioxanthenes with [Ru(dipy)3(2+)] and Ce(IV) in a sulfuric acid medium. Under the optimum conditions, calibration graphs were obtained over the concentration ranges 0.002-6 migrograms/ml for zuclopenthixol hydrochloride, 0.5-15 micrograms/ml for flupentixol hydrochloride and 0.05-7.5 micrograms/ml for thiothixene. The limits of detection (s/n = 3) were 4.2 x 10(-9) mol/l zuclopenthixol hydrochloride, 2 x 10(-8) mol/l flupentixol hydrochloride and 4.5 x 10(-8) mol/l thiothixene. The method was successfully applied to the determination of these compounds in dosage forms and biological fluids. (+info)Comparison of analgesic techniques for antler removal in wapiti. (5/11)
The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of ring block anesthesia (LA) and electroanesthesia (A) for antler removal in elk given a long-acting tranquilizer to remove stress from restraint. Thirty-two male wapiti were given 1 mg/kg body weight of zuclopenthixol acetate; the next day, they were restrained in a hydraulic chute, provided with electroanesthesia or a lidocaine ring block, and had their antlers removed. Behavioral response to antler removal was scored. Significantly more (P = 0.032) animals responded to antler removal in the EA group. Heart rates and arterial pressures were measured by a catheter connected to a physiological monitor. Heart rate increased significantly over time with EA, but not with LA. Heart rate increased from baseline significantly more in the EA group immediately prior to antler removal (P = 0.017), immediately post antler removal (P = 0.001), and at 1 min post antler removal (P = 0.037). It was concluded that EA is not as effective a method of anesthesia as is LA for antler removal. (+info)Rapid tranquillisation: time for a reappraisal of options for parenteral therapy. (6/11)
BACKGROUND: When parenteral treatments are indicated for acutely disturbed behaviour, previous guidelines have recommended droperidol or haloperidol in combination with benzodiazepines. However, there has been recent concern over cardiotoxicity and sudden death associated with some antipsychotic medication and droperidol has now been withdrawn. AIMS: To ascertain what alternatives can be recommended to replace intramuscular droperidol. METHOD: Selective review of current guidelines and the literature pertaining to rapid parenteral tranquillisation. RESULTS: Current guidelines recommend haloperidol as an alternative to droperidol. There is evidence of cardiotoxicity with haloperidol and it has a propensity to cause extrapyramidal side-effects that may exacerbate disturbed behaviour and reduce longer-term compliance. The rapid-acting intramuscular formulations of atypical antipsychotic agents show promise. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that the mainstay of pharmacological rapid tranquillisation should be parenteral benzodiazepines used with due care. (+info)Zuclopenthixol in adults with intellectual disabilities and aggressive behaviours: discontinuation study. (7/11)
We investigated the effects of zuclopenthixol on aggressive behaviour in patients with intellectual disabilities by randomly withdrawing it after a 6-week period of open treatment. Of the 49 patients responding to the treatment, 39 took part in a randomised withdrawal trial. The placebo subgroup (n=20) showed more aggressive behaviour as indicated by outcomes observed by external raters on the Modified Overt Aggression Scale than did the continuing subgroup (n=19). The results indicate that discontinuation of zuclopenthixolin this population leads to an increase in aggressive behaviour. (+info)Fatal exertional heat stroke in a patient receiving zuclopenthixol, quetiapine and benztropine. (8/11)
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of fatal exertional heat stroke associated with the use of zuclopenthixol, quetiapine and benztropine. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia and bipolar disease was working as a roofer during the third day of a heat wave. His medications included zuclopenthixol, quetiapine, benztropine, carbamazepine and levothyroxine. He developed loss of consciousness late in the day and presented to hospital with a Glasgow Coma Scale 3 and a rectal temperature of 42.2 degrees C. He progressed to severe multiple organ dysfunction and asystole, and expired the following morning. Neuroleptic and anticholinergic agents have long been associated with heat alteration, but there are few reports involving the newer antipsychotic agents. Physicians and pharmacists should ensure that appropriate counseling is given to patients receiving these medications regarding early recognition of signs and symptoms and prompt treatment of heat related illness and heat stroke. (+info)
Effects of Thioxanthene Containing Anti-Psychotic and Anti-Platelet Drug Combination on Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet...
CLOPENTHIXOL - UK
Schedule H - Wikipedia
Thioxanthene Oral, Parenteral Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
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Thioxanthene (Oral Route, Parenteral Route) Proper Use - Mayo Clinic
Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie - Rapid tranquillisation; review of the literature and recommendations
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List of dopaminergic drugs
Clopenthixol • Chlorpromazine • Chlorprothixene • Droperidol • Flupentixol • Fluphenazine • Fluspirilene • Haloperidol • ...
Atypical antipsychotic
34 (1): 1-6. Jørgensen A, Overø KF (1980). "Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III ...
Viscoleo
34 (1): 1-6. Jørgensen A, Overø KF (1980). "Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III ... It is used as an oil vehicle for several depot antipsychotics including clopentixol decanoate, flupentixol decanoate, ...
Zuclopenthixol
It is the cis-isomer of clopenthixol (Sordinol, Ciatyl). Clopenthixol was introduced in 1961, while zuclopenthixol was ...
ATC 코드 N05 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
N05AF02 Clopenthixol. N05AF03 Chlorprothixene. N05AF04 Thiothixene. N05AF05 Zuclopenthixol. N05AG 디페닐부틸피페리딘 계열[편집]. N05AG01 ...
Klopentiksol
InChI=1S/C22H25ClN2OS/c23-17-7-8-22-20(16-17)18(19-4-1-2-6-21(19)27-22)5-3-9-24-10-12-25(13-11-24)14-15-26/h1-2,4-8,16,26H,3,9- ...
Dopamine antagonist
Chlorpromazine binds D3 with the highest affinity, but also binds D1, D2, D4 and D5 Clopenthixol Droperidol is used as an ...
Benzhydryl compounds
... clopenthixol, chlorprothixene, flupentixol, thiothixene, zuclopenthixol Tricyclic and piperidine: pimethixene, cyproheptadine ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... clopenthixol MeSH D03.494.953.704.360 - flupenthixol MeSH D03.494.953.704.450 - hycanthone MeSH D03.494.953.704.500 - ...
Thioxanthene
Clopenthixol (Sordinol) Flupenthixol (Depixol, Fluanxol) Thiothixene (Navane) Zuclopenthixol (Cisordinol, Clopixol, Acuphase) ...
List of drugs: Cj-Cl
... clopenthixol (INN) cloperastine (INN) cloperidone (INN) clopidogrel (INN) clopidol (INN) clopimozide (INN) clopipazan (INN) ...
C22H25ClN2OS
The molecular formula C22H25ClN2OS (molar mass: 400.96 g/mol) may refer to: Clopenthixol, a typical antipsychotic drug ...
List of antipsychotics
Bromperidol decanoate Clopenthixol decanoate Flupentixol decanoate Flupentixol palmitate Fluphenazine decanoate Fluphenazine ...
ATC code N05
Oxypertine N05AE02 Molindone N05AE03 Sertindole N05AE04 Ziprasidone N05AE05 Lurasidone N05AF01 Flupentixol N05AF02 Clopenthixol ...
Clopenthixol
... (Sordinol), also known as clopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. It was ... ISBN 978-3-527-31058-6. Gravem A, Engstrand E, Guleng RJ (November 1978). "Cis(Z)-clopenthixol and clopenthixol (Sordinol) in ... Clopenthixol is a mixture of cis and trans isomers. Zuclopenthixol, the pure cis isomer, was later introduced by Lundbeck in ... Clopenthixol is not approved for use in the United States. Typical antipsychotic Thioxanthene Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug ...
Niaprazine
... (INN) (brand name Nopron) is a sedative-hypnotic drug of the phenylpiperazine group.[1][2] It has been used in the treatment of sleep disturbances since the early 1970s in several European countries including France, Italy, and Luxembourg.[3][4] It is commonly used with children and adolescents on account of its favorable safety and tolerability profile and lack of abuse potential.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Originally believed to act as an antihistamine and anticholinergic,[11] niaprazine was later discovered to have low or no binding affinity for the H1 and mACh receptors (Ki = , 1 μM), and was instead found to act as a potent and selective 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Ki = 75 nM and 86 nM, respectively).[12] It possesses low or no affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, D2, and β-adrenergic, as well as at SERT and VMAT (Ki = all , 1 μM), but it does have some affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 730 nM),[12] likely acting as an antagonist there as well. Niaprazine ...
Fenoldopam
... causes arterial/arteriolar vasodilation leading to a decrease in blood pressure by activating peripheral D1 receptors.[5] It decreases afterload and also promotes sodium excretion via specific dopamine receptors along the nephron. The renal effect of fenoldopam and dopamine may involve physiological antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney.[6] In contrast to dopamine, fenoldopam is a selective D1 receptor agonist with no effect on beta adrenoceptors, although there is evidence that it may have some alpha-1 [7] and alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.[5] D1 receptor stimulation activates adenylyl cyclase and raises intracellular cyclic AMP, resulting in vasodilation of most arterial beds, including renal, mesenteric, and coronary arteries.[8] to cause a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Fenoldopam has a rapid onset of action (4 minutes) and short duration of action (, 10 minutes) and a linear dose-response relationship at usual clinical doses.[9] ...
Captodiame
... (INN), also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine sold under the trade names Covatine, Covatix, and Suvren which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. The structure is related to diphenhydramine.[1] A 2004 study suggested captodiame may be helpful in preventing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in people discontinuing benzodiazepine treatment.[1] In addition to its actions as an antihistamine, captodiamine has been found to act as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and σ1 receptor and D3 receptor agonist.[2] It produces antidepressant-like effects in rats.[2] However, captodiamine is unique among antidepressant-like drugs in that it increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hypothalamus but not in the frontal cortex or hippocampus.[2] This unique action may be related to its ability to attenuate stress-induced anhedonia and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the hypothalamus.[2] ...
Domperidone
The hormone prolactin stimulates lactation (production of breast milk). Dopamine, released by the hypothalamus stops the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Domperidone, by acting as an anti-dopaminergic agent, results in increased prolactin secretion, and thus promotes lactation (that is, it is a galactogogue). In some nations, including Australia, domperidone is used off-label, based on uncertain and anecdotal evidence of its usefulness, as a therapy for mothers who are having difficulty breastfeeding.[24][25] In the United States, domperidone is not approved for this or any other use.[26][27] A study called the EMPOWER trial was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of domperidone in assisting mothers of preterm babies to supply breast milk for their infants.[28] The study randomized 90 mothers of preterm babies to receive either domperidone 10 mg orally three times daily for 28 days (Group A) or placebo 10 mg orally three times daily for 14 days followed by domperidone ...
BMY-14802
InChI=1S/C18H22F2N4O/c19-15-5-3-14(4-6-15)17(25)2-1-7-23-8-10-24(11-9-23)18-21-12-16(20)13-22-18/h3-6,12-13,17,25H,1-2,7-11H2 ...
Etilevodopa
Djaldetti Ruth; Giladi Nir; Hassin-Baer Sharon; Shabtai Hertzel; Melamed Eldad (November-December 2003). "Pharmacokinetics of Etilevodopa Compared to Levodopa in Patient's With Parkinson's Disease: An Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Study". Clinical Neuropharmacology. 26 (6): 322-326. doi:10.1097/00002826-200311000-00012. PMID 14646613 ...
6-Nitroquipazine
Classen K, Göthert M, Schlicker E (June 1984). "Effects of DU 24565 (6-nitroquipazine) on serotoninergic and noradrenergic neurones of the rat brain and comparison with the effects of quipazine". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology. 326 (3): 198-202. doi:10.1007/bf00505318. PMID 6206407 ...
WAY-100635
... has also been found to increase the analgesic effects of opioid drugs in a dose-dependent manner, in contrast to 5-HT1A agonists such as 8-OH-DPAT which were found to reduce opioid analgesia.[22][23] However, since 5-HT1A agonists were also found to reduce opioid-induced respiratory depression and WAY-100635 was found to block this effect,[24] it is likely that 5-HT1A antagonists might worsen this side effect of opioids. Paradoxically, chronic administration of the very high efficacy 5-HT1A agonist befiradol results in potent analgesia following an initial period of hyperalgesia, an effect most likely linked to desensitisation and/or downregulation of 5-HT1A receptors (i.e. analogous to a 5-HT1A antagonist-like effect).[25][26][27] As with other 5-HT1A silent antagonists such as UH-301 and robalzotan, WAY 100635 can also induce a head-twitch response in rodents.[28] ...
Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine
The combination of BZP and TFMPP has been associated with a range of side effects, including insomnia, anxiety, nausea and vomiting, headaches and muscle aches which may resemble migraine, seizures, impotence, and rarely psychosis,[3] as well as a prolonged and unpleasant hangover effect. These side effects tend to be significantly worsened when the BZP/TFMPP mix is consumed alongside alcohol, especially the headache, nausea, and hangover. However, it is difficult to say how many of these side effects are produced by TFMPP itself, as it has rarely been marketed without BZP also being present, and all of the side effects mentioned are also produced by BZP (which has been sold as a single drug). Studies into other related piperazine drugs such as mCPP suggest that certain side effects such as anxiety, headache and nausea are common to all drugs of this class, and pills containing TFMPP are reported by users to produce comparatively more severe hangover effects than those containing only BZP. The ...
Adatanserin
Abou-Gharbia MA, Childers WE, Fletcher H, et al. (December 1999). "Synthesis and SAR of adatanserin: novel adamantyl aryl- and heteroarylpiperazines with dual serotonin 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) activity as potential anxiolytic and antidepressant agents". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 42 (25): 5077-94. doi:10.1021/jm9806704. PMID 10602693 ...
Imatinib
Novartis fought a seven-year, controversial battle to patent Gleevec in India, and took the case all the way to the Indian Supreme Court. The patent application at the center of the case was filed by Novartis in India in 1998, after India had agreed to enter the World Trade Organization and to abide by worldwide intellectual property standards under the TRIPS agreement. As part of this agreement, India made changes to its patent law, the biggest of which was that prior to these changes, patents on products were not allowed, while afterwards they were, albeit with restrictions. These changes came into effect in 2005, so Novartis' patent application waited in a "mailbox" with others until then, under procedures that India instituted to manage the transition. India also passed certain amendments to its patent law in 2005, just before the laws came into effect.[62][63] The patent application[50][64] claimed the final form of Gleevec (the beta crystalline form of imatinib mesylate).[65]:3 In 1993, ...
Diphenylbutylpiperidine
Qar J, Galizzi JP, Fosset M, Lazdunski M (September 1987). "Receptors for diphenylbutylpiperidine neuroleptics in brain, cardiac, and smooth muscle membranes. Relationship with receptors for 1,4-dihydropyridines and phenylalkylamines and with Ca2+ channel blockade". European Journal of Pharmacology. 141 (2): 261-8. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90271-8. PMID 2445589 ...
PD-168,077
Melis MR, Succu S, Sanna F, Melis T, Mascia MS, Enguehard-Gueiffier C, Hubner H, Gmeiner P, Gueiffier A, Argiolas A (October 2006). "PIP3EA and PD-168077, two selective dopamine D4 receptor agonists, induce penile erection in male rats: site and mechanism of action in the brain". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (7): 2021-30. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05043.x. PMID 17067298 ...
Dopamine receptor
The present meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the magnitude of the effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine on cognitive functions central to academic and occupational functioning, including inhibitory control, working memory, short-term episodic memory, and delayed episodic memory. In addition, we examined the evidence for publication bias. Forty-eight studies (total of 1,409 participants) were included in the analyses. We found evidence for small but significant stimulant enhancement effects on inhibitory control and short-term episodic memory. Small effects on working memory reached significance, based on one of our two analytical approaches. Effects on delayed episodic memory were medium in size. However, because the effects on long-term and working memory were qualified by evidence for publication bias, we conclude that the effect of amphetamine and methylphenidate on the examined facets of healthy cognition is probably modest overall. In some situations, a small advantage may be ...
Bromocriptine
Most frequent side effects are nausea, orthostatic hypotension, headaches, and vomiting through stimulation of the brainstem vomiting centre.[9] Vasospasms with serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and stroke that have been reported in connection with the puerperium, appear to be extremely rare events.[10] Peripheral vasospasm (of the fingers or toes) can cause Raynaud's Phenomenon. Bromocriptine use has been anecdotally associated with causing or worsening psychotic symptoms (its mechanism is in opposition of most antipsychotics, whose mechanisms generally block dopamine).[11] Pulmonary fibrosis has been reported when bromocriptine was used in high doses for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[12] Use to suppress milk production after childbirth was reviewed in 2014 and it was concluded that in this context a causal association with serious cardiovascular, neurological or psychiatric events could not be excluded with an overall incidence rate estimated to range between 0.005% ...
Clopenthixol - Wikipedia
Clopenthixol (Sordinol), also known as clopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. It was ... ISBN 978-3-527-31058-6. Gravem A, Engstrand E, Guleng RJ (November 1978). "Cis(Z)-clopenthixol and clopenthixol (Sordinol) in ... Clopenthixol is a mixture of cis and trans isomers. Zuclopenthixol, the pure cis isomer, was later introduced by Lundbeck in ... Clopenthixol is not approved for use in the United States. Typical antipsychotic Thioxanthene Sneader, Walter (2005). Drug ...
Clopenthixol - wikidoc
Clopenthixol (Sordinol), also known as clopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. It was ... Gravem A, Engstrand E, Guleng RJ (November 1978). "Cis(Z)-clopenthixol and clopenthixol (Sordinol) in chronic psychotic ... Clopenthixol is a racemic mixture of cis and trans isomers. Zuclopenthixol, the pure cis isomer, was later introduced by ... Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene • Clopenthixol • Flupentixol • Thiothixene • Zuclopenthixol; Tricyclics: Amoxapine • Butaclamol ...
CLOPENTHIXOL - UK
Z)-Clopenthixol | MedChemExpress Life Science Reagents
Category:Piperazines - Wikimedia Commons
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Tropicamide- CAS Number 1508-75-4
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Anti-Psychotic Drugs: 10 Things You Should Know About Pills for Delusions and Hallucinations | HubPages
Anti-psychotic drugs are widely used within psychiatric services as a first-line treatment of schizophrenia. A review is presented of the short-term and long-term effectiveness of anti-psychotics in reducing the distress associated with hallucinations and delusions, together with a discussion about the means by which they achieve their outcomes. The wide range of negative side-effects is also listed. It is concluded that anti-psychotic drugs achieve their impact by means of a general slowing of
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ATC 코드 N05 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
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Abnormal serum potassium levels and 6-month all-cause mortality in patients co-treated with antipsychotic and diuretic drugs: A...
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Frontiers | The Complex Relationship between Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain and Therapeutic Benefits: A Systematic Review...
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NCBI ROFL: Voodoo allergy cure fail. - Discoblog : Discoblog
PPT - SEDATIVE-HIPNOTICE PowerPoint Presentation - ID:209321
Psychopharmacology and adverse effects of antipsychotic long-acting injections: a review | The British Journal of Psychiatry
Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III. Serum levels. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl ... Blood and plasma kinetics of cis(Z)-clopenthixol and fluphenazine in psychiatric patients after intramuscular injection of ... Ahlfors UG, Dencker SJ, Gravem A, Remvig J. Clopenthixol decanoate and perphenazine enanthate in schizophrenic patients. A ...
Table of Contents - July 01, 1968, 114 (512) | The British Journal of Psychiatry
Application # 2017/0239427. A SYRINGE SHOCK ABSORBER FOR USE IN AN INJECTION DEVICE - Patents.com
Chlorprothixene1
- Compare follicle-stimulating hormone level and also applied drugs that the conventional biological contaminants e.chlorprothixene, clopenthixol, centbutandol, molindone teh recurrent convulsions, blood vessels. (rainierfruit.com)
Zuclopenthixol2
- Assay methodology for several thioxanthenes (see Fig. 1), e.g. zuclopenthixol [the cis(Z)-isomer of clopenthixol], present in serum at levels down to 1 ng/ml or even less. (springer.com)
- Existe incertidumbre sobre el efecto del zuclopenthixol frente a haloperidol en los scores globales de estado mental, el zuclopenthixol no podria no asociarse con eventos adversos evaluados. (bvsalud.org)
Flupenthixol2
- Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. (wikipedia.org)
- It displays high affinity for phenothiazines and related structures such as perphenazine, clopenthixol, and flupenthixol, whose potencies are comparable to that of opipramol. (aspetjournals.org)
Sordinol3
- Clopenthixol (Sordinol), also known as clopentixol, is a typical antipsychotic drug of the thioxanthene class. (wikipedia.org)
- Cis(Z)-clopenthixol and clopenthixol (Sordinol) in chronic psychotic patients. (wikipedia.org)
- Cis(Z)-clopenthixol decanoate in Viscoleo (Sordinol® Depot, Cisordinol® Depot, Clopixol® Inj. (semanticscholar.org)
Decanoate1
- Two Double-Blind Trials with Cis (Z)-Clopenthixol Decanoate and a Discontinuation Study. (zubalbooks.com)
Chlorpromazine1
- It was demonstrated that clopenthixol is about twice as potent as chlorpromazine (CPZ) and levomepromazine-maleate is about half as potent as CPZ, measured by the inhibitory effect on the growth of the mycobacterial strains. (semanticscholar.org)
Isomers1
- Clopenthixol is a mixture of cis and trans isomers. (wikipedia.org)
Antipsychotics1
- Both drugs are equally effective as antipsychotics and have similar adverse effect profiles, but clopenthixol is half as active on a milligram-to-milligram basis and appears to produce more sedation in comparison. (wikipedia.org)
Ghost possession3
- NCBI ROFL: Exorcism-resistant ghost possession treated with clopenthixol. (discovermagazine.com)
- Hale and Pinninti entitled their article Exorcism-resistant ghost possession treated with Clopenthixol . (mindhacks.com)
- By juxtaposing ghost possession and exorcism-resistance with clopenthixol, and by equating folk explanations with superstition, one comes face to face with questions that lie at the heart of culturally sensitive psychiatry and public health. (mindhacks.com)
Schizophrenia2
- Findings with cis-Z-clopenthixol in the treatment of acute mania and schizophrenia. (semanticscholar.org)
- BÚSQUEDA: Se realizó una búsqueda en Pubmed y en Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Trials Register (ultima búsqueda 25 de Septiembre 2019). (bvsalud.org)