Cloning molecular. Medical search

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The formation of one or more genetically identical organisms derived by vegetative reproduction from a single cell. The source nuclear material can be embryo-derived, fetus-derived, or taken from an adult somatic cell.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by naked DNA from another source. The uptake of naked DNA is a naturally occuring phenomenon in some bacteria. It is often used as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVIRIDAE. Its natural host is E. coli K12. Its VIRION contains linear double-stranded DNA with single-stranded 12-base 5' sticky ends. The DNA circularizes on infection.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to isolate a locus of interest for which no probe is available but that is known to be linked to a gene which has been identified and cloned. A fragment containing a known gene is selected and used as a probe to identify other overlapping fragments which contain the same gene. The nucleotide sequences of these fragments can then be characterized. This process continues for the length of the chromosome.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence G/AATTC at the slash. EcoRI is from E coliRY13. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence A/AGCTT at the slash. HindIII is from Haemophilus influenzae R(d). Numerous isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Enzyme systems containing a single subunit and requiring only magnesium for endonucleolytic activity. The corresponding modification methylases are separate enzymes. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave either within, or at a short specific distance from, the recognition sequence to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.4.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Novel regulation of the homeotic gene Scr associated with a crustacean leg-to-maxilliped appendage transformation. (1/69323)

Homeotic genes are known to be involved in patterning morphological structures along the antero-posterior axis of insects and vertebrates. Because of their important roles in development, changes in the function and expression patterns of homeotic genes may have played a major role in the evolution of different body plans. For example, it has been proposed that during the evolution of several crustacean lineages, changes in the expression patterns of the homeotic genes Ultrabithorax and abdominal-A have played a role in transformation of the anterior thoracic appendages into mouthparts termed maxillipeds. This homeotic-like transformation is recapitulated at the late stages of the direct embryonic development of the crustacean Porcellio scaber (Oniscidea, Isopoda). Interestingly, this morphological change is associated with apparent novelties both in the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Porcellio scaber ortholog of the Drosophila homeotic gene, Sex combs reduced (Scr). Specifically, we find that Scr mRNA is present in the second maxillary segment and the first pair of thoracic legs (T1) in early embryos, whereas protein accumulates only in the second maxillae. In later stages, however, high levels of SCR appear in the T1 legs, which correlates temporally with the transformation of these appendages into maxillipeds. Our observations provide further insight into the process of the homeotic leg-to-maxilliped transformation in the evolution of crustaceans and suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for this process in this group of arthropods. (+info)

Mrj encodes a DnaJ-related co-chaperone that is essential for murine placental development. (2/69323)

We have identified a novel gene in a gene trap screen that encodes a protein related to the DnaJ co-chaperone in E. coli. The gene, named Mrj (mammalian relative of DnaJ) was expressed throughout development in both the embryo and placenta. Within the placenta, expression was particularly high in trophoblast giant cells but moderate levels were also observed in trophoblast cells of the chorion at embryonic day 8.5, and later in the labyrinth which arises from the attachment of the chorion to the allantois (a process called chorioallantoic fusion). Insertion of the ROSAbetageo gene trap vector into the Mrj gene created a null allele. Homozygous Mrj mutants died at mid-gestation due to a failure of chorioallantoic fusion at embryonic day 8.5, which precluded formation of the mature placenta. At embryonic day 8.5, the chorion in mutants was morphologically normal and expressed the cell adhesion molecule beta4 integrin that is known to be required for chorioallantoic fusion. However, expression of the chorionic trophoblast-specific transcription factor genes Err2 and Gcm1 was significantly reduced. The mutants showed no abnormal phenotypes in other trophoblast cell types or in the embryo proper. This study indicates a previously unsuspected role for chaperone proteins in placental development and represents the first genetic analysis of DnaJ-related protein function in higher eukaryotes. Based on a survey of EST databases representing different mouse tissues and embryonic stages, there are 40 or more DnaJ-related genes in mammals. In addition to Mrj, at least two of these genes are also expressed in the developing mouse placenta. The specificity of the developmental defect in Mrj mutants suggests that each of these genes may have unique tissue and cellular activities. (+info)

Requirement of a novel gene, Xin, in cardiac morphogenesis. (3/69323)

A novel gene, Xin, from chick (cXin) and mouse (mXin) embryonic hearts, may be required for cardiac morphogenesis and looping. Both cloned cDNAs have a single open reading frame, encoding proteins with 2,562 and 1,677 amino acids for cXin and mXin, respectively. The derived amino acid sequences share 46% similarity. The overall domain structures of the predicted cXin and mXin proteins, including proline-rich regions, 16 amino acid repeats, DNA-binding domains, SH3-binding motifs and nuclear localization signals, are highly conserved. Northern blot analyses detect a single message of 8.9 and 5.8 kilo base (kb) from both cardiac and skeletal muscle of chick and mouse, respectively. In situ hybridization reveals that the cXin gene is specifically expressed in cardiac progenitor cells of chick embryos as early as stage 8, prior to heart tube formation. cXin continues to be expressed in the myocardium of developing hearts. By stage 15, cXin expression is also detected in the myotomes of developing somites. Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that the mXin protein is colocalized with N-cadherin and connexin-43 in the intercalated discs of adult mouse hearts. Incubation of stage 6 chick embryos with cXin antisense oligonucleotides results in abnormal cardiac morphogenesis and an alteration of cardiac looping. The myocardium of the affected hearts becomes thickened and tends to form multiple invaginations into the heart cavity. This abnormal cellular process may account in part for the abnormal looping. cXin expression can be induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in explants of anterior medial mesoendoderm from stage 6 chick embryos, a tissue that is normally non-cardiogenic. This induction occurs following the BMP-mediated induction of two cardiac-restricted transcription factors, Nkx2.5 and MEF2C. Furthermore, either MEF2C or Nkx2.5 can transactivate a luciferase reporter driven by the mXin promoter in mouse fibroblasts. These results suggest that Xin may participate in a BMP-Nkx2.5-MEF2C pathway to control cardiac morphogenesis and looping. (+info)

Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development. (4/69323)

Mutations in GDF-5, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, result in the autosomal recessive syndromes brachypod (bp) in mice and Hunter-Thompson and Grebe-type chondrodysplasias in humans. These syndromes are all characterised by the shortening of the appendicular skeleton and loss or abnormal development of some joints. To investigate how GDF-5 controls skeletogenesis, we overexpressed GDF-5 during chick limb development using the retrovirus, RCASBP. This resulted in up to a 37.5% increase in length of the skeletal elements, which was predominantly due to an increase in the number of chondrocytes. By injecting virus at different stages of development, we show that GDF-5 can increase both the size of the early cartilage condensation and the later developing skeletal element. Using in vitro micromass cultures as a model system to study the early steps of chondrogenesis, we show that GDF-5 increases chondrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We did not detect changes in proliferation. However, cell suspension cultures showed that GDF-5 might act at these stages by increasing cell adhesion, a critical determinant of early chondrogenesis. In contrast, pulse labelling experiments of GDF-5-infected limbs showed that at later stages of skeletal development GDF-5 can increase proliferation of chondrocytes. Thus, here we show two mechanisms of how GDF-5 may control different stages of skeletogenesis. Finally, our data show that levels of GDF-5 expression/activity are important in controlling the size of skeletal elements and provides a possible explanation for the variation in the severity of skeletal defects resulting from mutations in GDF-5. (+info)

Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. (5/69323)

Peanut allergy is a significant IgE-mediated health problem because of the increased prevalence, potential severity, and chronicity of the reaction. Following our characterization of the two peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a third peanut allergen, Ara h 3. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ara h 3 shows homology to 11S seed-storage proteins. The recombinant form of this protein was expressed in a bacterial system and was recognized by serum IgE from approximately 45% of our peanut-allergic patient population. Serum IgE from these patients and overlapping, synthetic peptides were used to map the linear, IgE-binding epitopes of Ara h 3. Four epitopes, between 10 and 15 amino acids in length, were found within the primary sequence, with no obvious sequence motif shared by the peptides. One epitope is recognized by all Ara h 3-allergic patients. Mutational analysis of the epitopes revealed that single amino acid changes within these peptides could lead to a reduction or loss of IgE binding. By determining which amino acids are critical for IgE binding, it might be possible to alter the Ara h 3 cDNA to encode a protein with a reduced IgE-binding capacity. These results will enable the design of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for food-hypersensitivity reactions. (+info)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (6/69323)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) gene family, human TIF1gamma. Similar to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, the structure of TIF1beta is characterized by multiple domains: RING finger, B boxes, Coiled coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain. Although structurally related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, TIF1gamma presents several functional differences. In contrast to TIF1alpha, but like TIF1beta, TIF1 does not interact with nuclear receptors in yeast two-hybrid or GST pull-down assays and does not interfere with retinoic acid response in transfected mammalian cells. Whereas TIF1alpha and TIF1beta were previously found to interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 and with the HP1alpha, MODI (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma) heterochromatinic proteins, suggesting that they may participate in a complex involved in heterochromatin-induced gene repression, TIF1gamma does not interact with either the KRAB domain of KOX1 or the HP1 proteins. Nevertheless, TIF1gamma, like TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, exhibits a strong silencing activity when tethered to a promoter. Since deletion of a novel motif unique to the three TIF1 proteins, called TIF1 signature sequence (TSS), abrogates transcriptional repression by TIF1gamma, this motif likely participates in TIF1 dependent repression. (+info)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (7/69323)

A new insect member of the STAT family of transcription factors (Ag-STAT) has been cloned from the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the SH2 domain are well conserved. Ag-STAT is most similar to Drosophila D-STAT and to vertebrate STATs 5 and 6, constituting a proposed ancient class A of the STAT family. The mRNA is expressed at all developmental stages, and the protein is present in hemocytes, pericardial cells, midgut, skeletal muscle and fat body cells. There is no evidence of transcriptional activation following bacterial challenge. However, bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation of Ag-STAT protein in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H2O2) translocates Ag-STAT to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells. This is the first evidence of direct participation of the STAT pathway in immune responses in insects. (+info)

In vivo expression of the nucleolar group I intron-encoded I-dirI homing endonuclease involves the removal of a spliceosomal intron. (8/69323)

The Didymium iridis DiSSU1 intron is located in the nuclear SSU rDNA and has an unusual twin-ribozyme organization. One of the ribozymes (DiGIR2) catalyses intron excision and exon ligation. The other ribozyme (DiGIR1), which along with the endonuclease-encoding I-DirI open reading frame (ORF) is inserted in DiGIR2, carries out hydrolysis at internal processing sites (IPS1 and IPS2) located at its 3' end. Examination of the in vivo expression of DiSSU1 shows that after excision, DiSSU1 is matured further into the I-DirI mRNA by internal DiGIR1-catalysed cleavage upstream of the ORF 5' end, as well as truncation and polyadenylation downstream of the ORF 3' end. A spliceosomal intron, the first to be reported within a group I intron and the rDNA, is removed before the I-DirI mRNA associates with the polysomes. Taken together, our results imply that DiSSU1 uses a unique combination of intron-supplied ribozyme activity and adaptation to the general RNA polymerase II pathway of mRNA expression to allow a protein to be produced from the RNA polymerase I-transcribed rDNA. (+info)

Sambrook, Joseph; Russell, David W. (2001). "Commonly Used Techniques in Molecular Cloning". Molecular Cloning. 3. ... Phenol-chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in molecular biology used to purify nucleic acids and ...

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Molecular Cloning. (4th ed. ed.). Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Pr. ISBN 1936113422. How to extract ... "Ancient DNA: extraction, characterization, molecular cloning, and enzymatic amplification." Proceedings of the National Academy ... The Hirt extraction process gets rid of the high molecular weight nuclear DNA, leaving only low molecular weight mitochondrial ... Currently it is a routine procedure in molecular biology or forensic analyses. For the chemical method, there are many ...

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20.109(S07): Start-up Genome Engineering [1] Phage Display: A Laboratory Manual Messing, J (1993). "M13 cloning vehicles. Their ... Journal of Molecular Biology. 228 (3): 720-4. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90858-h. PMID 1469710. Huang, Yu; Chung-Yi Chiang; Soo ... Methods in Molecular Biology. 23. pp. 9-22. doi:10.1385/0-89603-248-5:9. ISBN 0-89603-248-5. PMID 8220775. Archived from the ...

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Molecular cloning and expression". Eur. J. Biochem. 191 (3): 619-625. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19166.x. PMID 2390989. ... by isolation of genomic clones and complementary DNA clones utilizing polymerase chain reaction". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (2): 1102- ... 1992). "Molecular analysis of human glycophorin MiIX gene shows a silent segment transfer and untemplated mutation resulting ...

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Ohara, O. (2009). "ORFeome Cloning". Reverse Chemical Genetics. Methods in Molecular Biology. 577. pp. 3-9. doi:10.1007/978-1- ... In, molecular genetics, an ORFeome refers to the complete set of open reading frames (ORFs) in a genome. The term may also be ... Complete ORF sets have been cloned for a number of organisms including Brucella melitensis Chlamydia pneumoniae Escherichia ... a resource for comparative molecular microbiology". BMC Genomics. 11: 470. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-470. PMC 3091666 . PMID ...

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Kitagawa H, Izumikawa T, Uyama T, Sugahara K (2003). "Molecular cloning of a chondroitin polymerizing factor that cooperates ... 2003). "Chondroitin sulfate synthase-3. Molecular cloning and characterization". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (41): 39711-25. doi:10.1074 ... "Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase". J Biol Chem. 276 (42): 38721-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106871200. ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 6 (1): 63-70. doi: ...

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Molecular cloning and expression". Biochem. J. 329 ( Pt 2) (Pt 2): 275-82. PMC 1219041 . PMID 9425109. Simaga S, Babić D, Osmak ...

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Cloning and Stem Cells. 11 (3): 427-35. doi:10.1089/clo.2009.0024. PMID 19751112. Gamer LW, Wolfman NM, Celeste AJ, Hattersley ... Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences. 37 (2): 247-60. doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2007.09.011. PMID 17997109. Hannan NR, Jamshidi P, Pera ... EMBO Molecular Medicine. 9 (4): 531-544. doi:10.15252/emmm.201607231. PMC 5376753 . PMID 28270449. Kondás K, Szláma G, Trexler ... Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 (14): 5846-58. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.14.5846-5858.2005. PMC 1168807 . PMID 15988002. "Gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF11

European Molecular Biology Laboratory - Hamburg. Retrieved 2008-06-07. Russell DW, Sambrook J (2001). Molecular cloning: a ... These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in laboratories, and they are a vital tool in molecular cloning. The term ... Clark DP (2005). Molecular biology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-175551-7. Goodsell DS (2002). "The molecular ... this characteristic is widely used to perform in-vitro cloning techniques such as Golden Gate cloning. These enzymes may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme

Iwahana H, Oka J, Mizusawa N, Kudo E, Ii S, Yoshimoto K, Holmes EW, Itakura M (Jan 1993). "Molecular cloning of human ... Molecular and Cellular Biology portal This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which ... Zalkin H, Dixon JE (1992). "De novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis". Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. ...

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A plasmid is a double stranded circular DNA molecule commonly used for molecular cloning. Plasmids are generally 2 to 4 ... Once a clone from a genomic library is sequenced, the sequence can be used to screen the library for other clones containing ... ISBN 0-8053-9592-X. Russell, David W.; Sambrook, Joseph (2001). Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y ... This is particularly determined by the number of clones needed to have in a library. The number of clones to get a sampling of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_library

Purification, molecular cloning, and characterization". J. Biol. Chem. 279: 38555-38562. doi:10.1074/jbc.m406886200. PMID ... Mannosylglycoprotein endo-beta-mannosidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Molecular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannosylglycoprotein_endo-beta-mannosidase

2012) "Labeling of DNA Probes by Nick Translation". Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Park, K; Kim, J; Lim, S; Han, S; ... Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). Methods in Molecular Biology. 659. pp. 3-20. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-789-1_1. ... Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.). Methods in Molecular Biology. 659. pp. 51-70. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-789-1_4. ... Next, the clones are sequenced and their position on the genome is verified. Probe labelling can be carried out by using either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromogenic_in_situ_hybridization

The choice of vector for molecular cloning depends on the choice of host organism, the size of the DNA to be cloned, and ... One is that molecular cloning involves replication of the DNA within a living cell, while PCR replicates DNA in the test tube, ... Molecular cloning is the laboratory process used to create recombinant DNA. It is one of two most widely used methods, along ... These steps are described in some detail in a related article (molecular cloning). Following transplantation into the host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_DNA

MOLECULAR CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (26): 23294-23300. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... Molecular Cell. 13 (5): 677-688. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(04)00083-8. PMID 15023338. Sugiura, M.; Kono, K.; Liu, H.; Shimizugawa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleckstrin_homology_domain

Molecular cloning is one of the most commonly used procedures in molecular biology. A gene of interest may be inserted into a ... "Chapter 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1 (3rd ed.). p. 1.27. ISBN 978-0-87969-577-4. J., Ninfa, Alexander (1998 ... "White and green screening with circular polymerase extension cloning for easy and reliable cloning". Protein Science. 22 (6): ... The recombinant clones can be further analyzed by isolating and purifying small amounts of plasmid DNA from the transformed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue–white_screen

Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization". Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 414: 253-260. doi:10.1007/978-1 ... Saronwala, A.; Tournay, A.; Gargus, J. J. "Genetic inborn error of metabolism provides a unique window into molecular ... "Two exon-skipping mutations as the molecular basis of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (4-hydroxybutyric aciduria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_dehydrogenase_deficiency

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. doi:10.1038/nrm.2016.24 Dinnyes, Andras; Tian, Xiuchun Cindy; Oback, Bj¨orn (17 April ... Nuclear Transfer for Cloning Animals. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 299-344. ISBN 978-3-527-66854-0. Jullien, J.; Pasque, V.; Halley- ... Other cloning and totipotent transformation achievements have been described. Recently some researchers succeeded to get the ... Chou, B. K.; Ye, Z.; Cheng, L. (2013). "Generation and Homing of iPSC-Derived Hematopoietic Cells in Vivo". Molecular Therapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells

Molecular cloning and cofactor characterization". J. Biol. Chem. 273: 16678-16685. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.27.16678. PMID 9642221. ... Liu, J.Q.; Odani, M.; Yasuoka, T.; Dairi, T.; Itoh, N.; Kataoka, M.; Shimizu, S.; Yamada, H. (2000). "Gene cloning and ... D-threonine aldolase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Molecular and Cellular Biology ...

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DNA Cloning and Assembly Methods. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1116. pp. 271-302. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-764-8_18. ISBN 978-1 ... Methods in Molecular Biology. 760. pp. 91-107. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-176-5_6. ISBN 978-1-61779-175-8. PMID 21779992. "FastPCR ... web server provided by NCBI In silico simulation of molecular biology experiments csPCR: A computational tool for the ...

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"Purification of Nucleic Acids: Extraction with Phenol-Chloroform". Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor ...

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"Molecular cloning of CoA Synthase. The missing link in CoA biosynthesis". J Biol Chem. 277 (25): 22107-10. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COASY

Sambrook J, Russel DW (2001). Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring ... "Chapter 5, protocol 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1 (3rd ed.). p. 5.2-5.3. ISBN 978-0879691363. Smisek, D. L.; ... There are molecular weight size markers available that contain a mixture of molecules of known sizes. If such a marker was run ... There are also limitations in determining the molecular weight by SDS-PAGE, especially if you are trying to find the MW of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis

Molecular cloning and functional characterization". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (26): 23294-300. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201535200. PMID ... A mouse homolog has been cloned as well. The complete gene of human CERK contains 4459bp, which consists of a 123bp-5'- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramide_kinase

"Chapter 5, protocol 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1 (3rd ed.). p. 5.7. ISBN 978-0-87969-577-4. Keren, David (26 ... "Chapter 5, protocol 6". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1. p. 5.29. ISBN 978-0879695774. Lee PY, Costumbrado J, Hsu CY ... "Chapter 5, protocol 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1. p. 5.4. ISBN 978-0879691363. Alistair M. Stephen; Glyn O. ... "Chapter 5, protocol 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1. p. 5.2-5.3. ISBN 978-0879691363. David Freifelder (1982). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agarose

"Chapter 5, protocol 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1 (3rd ed.). p. 5.2. ISBN 978-0-87969-577-4. Aaij C, Borst P ( ... "Chapter 5, protocol 1". Molecular Cloning - A Laboratory Manual. 1 (3rd ed.). pp. 5.5-5.6. ISBN 978-0-87969-577-4. Blasiak J, ... G. Lucotte; F. Baneyx (1993). Introduction to Molecular Cloning Techniques. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 32. ISBN 978-0471188490. Joseph ... However, the migration of DNA molecules in solution, in the absence of a gel matrix, is independent of molecular weight during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis_of_nucleic_acids

"Molecular cloning of matrin 3. A 125-kilodalton protein of the nuclear matrix contains an extensive acidic domain". J Biol Chem ... The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 5 (5): 277-86. doi: ... 2000). "Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning". Proc. Natl. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATR3

Russell DW, Sambrook J (2001). "Chapter 1: Plasmids and Their Usefulness in Molecular Cloning". Molecular cloning: a laboratory ... ISBN 978-0-87969-577-4. Baneyx F, Lucotte G (1993). Introduction to Molecular Cloning Techniques. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons ... see Applications in molecular biology research). Purified DNA ligase is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to ... It does not ligate blunt-ended DNA except under conditions of molecular crowding with polyethylene glycol, and cannot join RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_ligase

Neuberger, M. S.; Honjo, T.; Alt, Frederick W. (2004). Molecular biology of B cells. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 189-191. ISBN 0- ... the activation and growth of B cell clones able to secrete antibodies of higher affinity for the antigen. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

Methods in Molecular Biology, Springer US, pp. 15-25, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4_3, ISBN 9781493998654. , PMID 31541435. ... "Map-Based Cloning of the Gene Associated With the Soybean Maturity Locus E3". Genetics. 182 (4): 1251-1262. doi:10.1534/ ... Methods in Molecular Biology, Springer US, 2072, pp. 15-25, doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9865-4_3, ISBN 9781493998654. , PMID ... QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait. This is often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenic_inheritance

"DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788-95. PMC 310948. . PMID 11076863. doi ... Molecular function. • follicle-stimulating hormone activity. • ربط بروتيني. • فعالية الهرمون. Cellular component. • ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/هرمون_منبه_للجريب_بيتا

"Cloning and characterization of MN1, a gene from chromosome 22q11, which is disrupted by a balanced translocation in a ... Molecular function. • molecular function. Cellular component. • cellular component. Biological process. • multicellular ... "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biol. 5 (10): R84. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MN1_

1987). "Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (delta) virus RNA". Nature 329 (6137): 343-346. PMID ... "Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses Indicate a Wide and Ancient Radiation of African Hepatitis Delta Virus, Suggesting a ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D

Molecular function. • ion channel activity. • benzodiazepine receptor activity. • chloride channel activity. • extracellular ... Yang W, Drewe JA, Lan NC (1996). "Cloning and characterization of the human GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunit: identification of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABRA4

"Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6 (5): 509-24. doi:10.1091/mbc.6.5.509. PMC 301212 . PMID 7545030.. ... and functional expression of cDNA clones". Biochemistry. 30 (44): 10640-6. doi:10.1021/bi00108a006. PMID 1657150.. ... American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 24 (2): 101-7. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb.24.2.4264. PMID 11159042.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Molecular cloning. N. *Non-coding DNA. *Nuclear DNA. P. *Point mutation. *Promoter (genetics) ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:DNA

Tomato as a model system: I. Genetic and physical mapping of jointless". MGG Molecular & General Genetics. 242 (6). doi:10.1007 ... Tomatoes have been used as a model in map-based cloning, where transgenic plants must be created to prove that a gene has been ... Foolad, M. R. (2007). "Current Status Of Breeding Tomatoes For Salt And Drought Tolerance". Advances in Molecular Breeding ... Wing, R.; Zhang, H. B.; Tanksley, S. (1994). "Map-based cloning in crop plants. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_tomato

"Molecular and Cellular Biology. 21 (2): 524-33. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.2.524-533.2001. PMC 86614. PMID 11134340.. ... "Chromosomal localization of seven PAX genes and cloning of a novel family member, PAX-9". Nature Genetics. 3 (4): 292-8. doi: ... "Molecular and Cellular Biology. 13 (10): 6024-35. doi:10.1128/mcb.13.10.6024. PMC 364662. PMID 8413205.. ... Molecular function. • DNA binding. • sequence-specific DNA binding. • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

Molecular Biology and Evolution 21 (1): 14-28. PMID 12949138. doi:10.1093/molbev/msg224. Cite uses deprecated parameter ,month= ... "Identification of duplicated fourth alpha2-adrenergic receptor subtype by cloning and mapping of five receptor genes in ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa-2_adrenergički_receptor

"Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (9): 3102-15. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.9.3102-3115.2000. PMC 85605. PMID 10757795.. ... "Complete amino acid sequence of the human progesterone receptor deduced from cloned cDNA". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... "Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (2): 1182-9. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.2.1182. PMC 116047. PMID 9891052.. ... "Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (8): 4471-87. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.8.4471. PMC 109033. PMID 9671457.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_receptor

Hideyuki Mannena & Steven S.-L. Li (1999). "Molecular evidence for a clade of turtles". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ... In some species of squamates, a population of females is able to produce a unisexual diploid clone of the mother. This form of ... Classically, turtles were considered to be related to the primitive anapsid reptiles.[32] Molecular work has usually placed ... Lee, M.S.Y. (2013). "Turtle origins: Insights from phylogenetic retrofitting and molecular scaffolds". Journal of Evolutionary ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptile

15,0 15,1 Lajtha, A. (2007). Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology: Neural protein metabolism and function, 2nd ... Pimenta, A. F., Fischer, I., Levitt, P. (1996). cDNA cloning and structural analysis of the human limbic-system-associated ... George J. Siegel, R. Wayne Albers, Scott T. Brady, Donald L. Price, Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgLON

"Methods in Molecular Biology 226.. *↑ Burke, D. T., el al. (1987). "Cloning of Large Segments of Exogenous DNA into Yeast by ... "Journal of Molecular Biology 302 (1): 205-217.. *↑ Roberts, L. (2001). "A History of the Human Genome Project". Science 291 ( ... Molecular Evolution. ISBN 978-0878934805.. *↑ Pop, M. (2004). "Shotgun Sequence Assembly" (PDF). Advances in Computers 60. ISSN ... "Journal of Molecular Biology 98 (3).. *↑ Sanger, F.; et al. (1977). "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloxía_computacional

January - The first animal from an extinct species to be recreated by cloning, a Pyrenean Ibex, is born alive, but dies seven ... American scientist who played a central role in the early history of molecular biology (b. 1912). 29 October - Bei Shizhang, ... Gray, Richard; Dobson, Roger (January 31, 2009). "Extinct ibex is resurrected by cloning". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2011- ... President of the International Society for Molecular and Cell Biology and Biotechnology Protocols and Researches (ISMCBBPR). ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_science

Molecular function. • nucleotide binding. • DNA binding. • DNA-dependent ATPase activity. • recombinase activity. • chromatin ... Shinohara A, Ogawa H, Matsuda Y, Ushio N, Ikeo K, Ogawa T (Jul 1993). "Cloning of human, mouse and fission yeast recombination ... "Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 17 (10): 1247-54. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1915. PMC 4094107 . PMID 20871615.. ... Klopfleisch R, von Euler H, Sarli G, Pinho SS, Gärtner F, Gruber AD (Jan 2011). "Molecular carcinogenesis of canine mammary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad51

... and a poliovirus clone was the first infectious DNA clone made of an RNA virus in animals. Along with rhinovirus, poliovirus ... J Gen Virol 85(Pt 5):1145-1151 Mingxiao M, Ming L, Jian C, Song Y, Shude W, Pengfei L (2011) Molecular and biological ... This was the first time that infection virus had been produced from molecular building blocks in the cells. Polyprotein ... "ICTV Report Picornaviridae". Ryu, W.S, 2016, Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses, Academic Press, Korea, Page 153- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus

Obesity wars: Molecular progress confronts an expanding epidemic. Cell (Review). 2004, 116 (2): 337-50. PMID 14744442. doi: ... Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue.. Nature (Research Support). 1994-12-01, 372 (6505): 425-32 ... Barness LA, Opitz JM, Gilbert-Barness E. Obesity: genetic, molecular, and environmental aspects. American Journal of Medical ... Boulpaep, Emile L.; Boron, Walter F. Medical physiology: A cellular and molecular approach. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2003: 1227 ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/肥胖

"Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2 (T11) antigen.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (22): 8718-22. PMC ... "Molecular cloning and expression of T11 cDNAs reveal a receptor-like structure on human T lymphocytes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ... "Molecular cloning of the CD2 antigen, the T-cell erythrocyte receptor, by a rapid immunoselection procedure.". Proc. Natl. Acad ... Wilkins A, Yang W, Yang J (2003). "Structural biology of the cell adhesion protein CD2: from molecular recognition to protein ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD2

Kao CY and Levinson SR (1986) Tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, and the molecular biology of the sodium channel New York Academy of ... Carmichael WW, Gorham PR (1978). "Anatoxins from clones of Anabaena flos-aquae isolated from lakes of western Canada". Mitt. ... Gerald Karp (19 October 2009). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 14-. ISBN 978-0- ... Herrero A and Flores E (editor). (2008). The Cyanobacteria: Molecular Biology, Genomics and Evolution. Caister Academic Press. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotoxin

Further, to help understand the neurobiology of behavior, fox and dog orthologs of serotonin receptor genes were cloned.[9] ... Trut and her colleagues have applied modern molecular techniques to the fox populations with the aim of not only identifying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Trut

Molecular function. • calcium channel activity. • metal ion binding. • voltage-gated ion channel activity. • ion channel ... "Cloning, chromosomal localization, and functional expression of the alpha 1 subunit of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium ... "Molecular Psychiatry. 15 (10): 1016-22. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.49. PMC 3011210. PMID 19621016.. ... Perez-Reyes E, Wei XY, Castellano A, Birnbaumer L (Nov 1990). "Molecular diversity of L-type calcium channels. Evidence for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav1.2

... molecular biology by allowing the polymerase chain reaction to be used in research as a simple and rapid technique for cloning ... Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS). 54 (4): 305-308. doi:10.1007/s000180050156.. ... Garrett RA; Klenk H (2005). Archaea: Evolution, Physiology and Molecular Biology. WileyBlackwell. ISBN 1-4051-4404-1.. ... Cavicchioli R (2007). Archaea: Molecular and Cellular Biology. American Society for Microbiology. ISBN 1-55581-391-7.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea

Dearry A, Gingrich JA, Falardeau P, Fremeau RT Jr, Bates MD, Caron MG (1990). "Molecular cloning and expression of the gene for ... Zhou QY, Grandy DK, Thambi L, Kushner JA, Van Tol HH, Cone R, Pribnow D, Salon J, Bunzow JR, Civelli O (1990). "Cloning and ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Дофаминовый_рецептор_D1

A new gene located on chromosome 2 was named timeless (tim) and was successfully cloned and sequenced. They found strong ... "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".[3][4] ... which led to his future work in cloning the period gene.[6] ... University School of Medicine with an interest in molecular ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Young

Reddy SV, Zhou ZQ, Rao KJ, et al. (1989). „Molecular characterization of human factor XSan Antonio". Blood 74 (5), 1486-90. o. ... Messier TL, Pittman DD, Long GL, et al. (1991). „Cloning and expression in COS-1 cells of a full-length cDNA encoding human ... Jagadeeswaran P, Reddy SV, Rao KJ, et al. (1990). „Cloning and characterization of the 5' end (exon 1) of the gene encoding ... Cooper DN, Millar DS, Wacey A, et al. (1997). „Inherited factor X deficiency: molecular genetics and pathophysiology". Thromb. ...

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart–Prower-faktor

"Molecular and Cellular Biology. 7 (1): 541-544. doi:10.1128/MCB.7.1.541. PMC 365100. PMID 3550423.. ... GTPase activity of different mutant forms of p21, one cloned from a patient with myeloblastic leukaemia and one derived from in ... "Molecular and Cellular Biology. 31 (1): 81-91. doi:10.1128/MCB.01001-10. PMC 3019857. PMID 20974804.. ... These findings were published in Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB).[6] Alan Hall showed the specificity of Rho in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hall

1998). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a human protein kinase that specifically activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP2K4

"Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 11 (7): M111.011056. doi:10.1074/mcp.m111.011056. PMC 3394935. PMID 22375075.. ... 2003). "Cloning and characterization of a novel cardiac-specific kinase that interacts specifically with cardiac troponin I.". ... Molecular function. • transferase activity. • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups. • ... 2009). "Clinical and molecular aspects of Japanese patients with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency". Mol. Genet. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HADHB

Obtaining the molecular clone of a gene can lead to the development of organisms that produce the protein product of the cloned ... In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated ... Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and ... In standard molecular cloning experiments, the cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves seven steps: (1) Choice of host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_cloning

Topics cover isolation of gene fragment, screening, polymerase chain reaction, cloning vectors, and the isolation of plasmids. ... This free online cloning course provides a comprehensive knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in molecular cloning. ... Introduction to Molecular Cloning This free online course on Alison takes you through the concepts, processes, and significance ... Introduction to Molecular Cloning is a free online course that begins by discussing the procedure for isolating specific genes ...

https://alison.com/course/introduction-to-molecular-cloning

The extent of each clone with reference to Fig. 1 is: clone 17, nucleotides 7-750; clone 2-1, nucleotides 1-750; clone 1A, ... Molecular Cloning and Biological Characterization of a Novel Murine Lymphoid Growth Factor. John E. Sims, Douglas E. Williams, ... cDNA Cloning.. RNA was isolated from Z210R.1 cells, oligo-dT-primed cDNA was synthesized and cloned into the pDC406 vector, ... Molecular Cloning and Biological Characterization of a Novel Murine Lymphoid Growth Factor ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/192/5/671

Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat leukotriene A4hydrolase using the polymerase chain reaction. FEBS Letters. ... Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat leukotriene A4hydrolase using the polymerase chain reaction. / Makitala, ... Makitala, N., Funku, C. D., Imaic, E., Hoover, R. L., & Badra, K. F. (1992). Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat ... title = "Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat leukotriene A4hydrolase using the polymerase chain reaction", ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-cloning-and-functional-expression-of-rat-leukotriene-a4-3

DNA Peptide biology biosynthesis cloning gene gene expression immune system metabolism physiology protein protein structure ... During the past ten years, refinements in the techniques of recombinant DNA technology have resulted in the cloning of genes ... 1.Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMassachusetts General HospitalBostonUSA ... proaches that have been used to identify and select the cloned genes encoding these polypeptides. The contents of the two in- ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4612-4824-8

Experts worried about human cloning warn that attempts to clone monkeys -- genetically closer to people -- using the Dolly ... A new study reveals why cloned human and other primate cells dont result in a healthy pregnancy. ... Molecular Block to Viable Clones. WASHINGTON - Cloning humans, or any other primates, may be impossible with todays techniques ... Cloning experts worry that attempting human cloning is dangerous, not just because of all the barnyard clones with birth ...

https://www.wired.com/2003/04/molecular-block-to-viable-clones/

Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Book 1. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Joseph Sambrook, ISBN 0879693096, ... Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Vol. 3, Volume 2. Joseph Sambrook,David W. Russell. No preview available - 2001. ... Cloning.html?id=qbATAQAAIAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareMolecular Cloning. ... Molecular Cloning: 1. Joseph Sambrook,Edward F. Fritsch,Thomas Maniatis. No preview available - 2012. ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=qbATAQAAIAAJ&q=nitrocellulose+filter&dq=related:ISBN0124367038&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=5

Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Book 1. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Joseph Sambrook, ISBN 0879693096, ... Cloning.html?id=qbATAQAAIAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareMolecular Cloning. ... Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Book 1. Joseph Sambrook,Tom Maniatis. Snippet view - 1989. ... Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Book 1. Joseph Sambrook,Tom Maniatis. Snippet view - 1989. ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=qbATAQAAIAAJ&q=probes&dq=related:UOM39015012609080&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en

Molecular Cloning (Process by which gene products are made) PCR product cloning vector ligation transformation expression E. ... the piece of DNA next to the gene must be turned on • By cloning the promoter beta-lactoglobulin and attaching it to the human ... The objective of Genetic engineering in this case is to clone the insulin gene from the human genome. ... After sufficient replication.The gene when extracted from the human genome is ligated unto the cloning vector. bacteriophage ...

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/83913841/Bio-Presentation

Kurogi K., Sakakibara Y., Yasuda S., Liu MC., Suiko M. (2010) Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Canine ... Tsoi, C., Falany, C.N., Morgenstern, R., and Swedmark, S. (2001) Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a ... Tsoi, C., Morgenstern, R., and Swedmark, S. (2002) Canine sulfotransferase SULT1A1: Molecular cloning, expression, and ... Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of novel human SULT1C sulfotransferases that catalyze the sulfonation of N- ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-3892-0_36

Molecular Biology Reports. Methylglyoxal is a kind of poisonous metabolite that can react with RNA, DNA and protein, which ... Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel glyoxalase I gene TaGly I in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). *Lin F ... The corresponding full length gene, named TaGly I, was cloned, sequenced and characterized. Its genomic sequence consists of ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/molecular-cloning-characterization-novel-glyoxalase-i-gene-tagly-i-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l-1/

... Eur J Biochem. 1996 Dec 15;242(3):822-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9022715/?dopt=Abstract

The development of gene cloning vectors and selection methodologies enabled the cloning of REases. Cloning not only allowed the ... Restriction Endonucleases: Molecular Cloning and Beyond. Return to Restriction Endonucleases The sequence-specific DNA cleavage ... Home Products Restriction Endonuclease Products Restriction Endonucleases Restriction Endonucleases: Molecular Cloning and ... Restriction enzymes have been one of the major forces that enabled the cloning of genes and transformed molecular biology. ...

https://www.neb.com/products/restriction-endonucleases/restriction-endonucleases/restriction-endonucleases-molecular-cloning-and-beyond

Molecular Cloning and Beyond Restriction Endonucleases: Molecular Cloning and Beyond. The sequence-specific DNA cleavage ... The development of gene cloning vectors and selection methodologies enabled the cloning of REases. Cloning not only allowed the ... Restriction enzymes have been one of the major forces that enabled the cloning of genes and transformed molecular biology. ... Innovative applications of these enzymes will take REases role beyond molecular cloning by continuing to accelerate the ...

https://www.neb.com/tools-and-resources/feature-articles/restriction-endonucleases-molecular-cloning-and-beyond

Accordingly, we undertook molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human endothelial NO synthase. Complementary DNA clones ... Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase.. Marsden PA1, Schappert KT, Chen HS, Flowers ... However, recent cloning and molecular characterization of NO synthase from bovine endothelial cells indicated the existence of ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1379542?dopt=Abstract

Molecular cloning, sequence, expression, and processing of the interleukin 16 precursor. Michael Baier, Norbert Bannert, ... Molecular cloning, sequence, expression, and processing of the interleukin 16 precursor. Michael Baier, Norbert Bannert, ... Molecular cloning, sequence, expression, and processing of the interleukin 16 precursor Message Subject (Your Name) has sent ... Molecular cloning, sequence, expression, and processing of the interleukin 16 precursor. Michael Baier, Norbert Bannert, ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/94/10/5273?ijkey=c92f64cd614541f680e1d5f647d05ac31b66e1fc&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The Condensed Protocols From Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual is a single-volume adaptation of the three-volume third ... Step By Step Laboratory Manual for Condensed Protocols From Molecular Cloning. by Sam Savage ... "Condensed Protocols from Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual" report to their offering. ... edition of Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. This condensed book contains only the step-by-step portions of the protocols ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1595359/step_by_step_laboratory_manual_for_condensed_protocols_from_molecular/

Any techniques related to molecular cloning including restriction digestion, ligation, transformation, plasmid... ... Molecular Cloning. Any techniques related to molecular cloning including restriction digestion, ligation, transformation, ... Designing Crispr guides and cloning into appropriate vectors Started by Natalia KM, 13 Sep 2019 molecular cloning, Crispr/Cas9 ... Cloning of an unknown gene Started by bio_kid, 13 Apr 2015 cloning, genome library and 1 more... * 4 replies ...

http://www.protocol-online.org/forums/forum/42-molecular-cloning/

Top : Forum Archives: : Molecular Cloning. cloning - (Jan/14/2008 ). I am trying to PCR the digested and dephosphorylated ...

http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/33391.html

Zheng, T., Rabach, M., Chen, N.Y., Rabach, L., Hu, X., Elias, J.A. and Zhu, Z. (2005) Molecular Cloning and Functional ... Suzuki, T., Kakizaki, H., Ikeda, M. and Matsumiya, M. (2014) Molecular Cloning of a Novel Chitinase Gene from Blue Shark ( ... Kurokawa, T., Tuji, S. and Suzuki, T. (2004) Molecular Cloning of Multiple Chitinase Genes in Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys ... Molecular Cloning, Distribution, and Phylogenetic Analysis. Open Journal of Marine Science, 8, 136-151. doi: 10.4236/ojms. ...

https://www.scirp.org/Journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=82188

This chapter of the Protocols and Applications Guide provides a background on basic cloning with a focus on cloning PCR ... Background of basic cloning with a focus on cloning PCR fragments Introduction The cloning of genes, gene fragments and other ... T-Cloning Vectors T vectors are a specific type of cloning vector that get their name from the T overhangs added to a ... Promega Products for Cloning Thermostable DNA Polymerases The use of amplification enzymes is the first step in cloning by PCR ...

https://www.promega.com/resources/guides/nucleic-acid-analysis/subcloning/?utm_source=promegaconnections_10_23_2013&

ATCC offers a growing selection of genomic and cDNA clones to enhance your research. ...

https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Molecular_Biology/Clones.aspx?dsNav=Ro:60,Up:Page_Product_Listing

Molecular cloning is a set of methods, which are used to insert recombinant DNA into a vector - a carrier of DNA molecules that ... Critical aspects of molecular cloning are discussed, such as the need for molecular cloning strategy and how to keep track of ... Youve just watched JoVEs video on molecular cloning. You should now understand how molecular cloning works and how the ... Molecular Cloning. JoVE, Cambridge, MA, (2018).. Molecular cloning is a set of techniques used to insert recombinant DNA from a ...

https://www.jove.com/science-education/5074/molecular-cloning

Molecular cloning of a novel cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP epsilon.. Nakamura K1, Mizuno Y, Kikuchi K. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8579581?dopt=Abstract

Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms.. L Abu-Elheiga, A Jayakumar, ... Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms. ... Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms. ... Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: characterization, molecular cloning, and evidence for two isoforms. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/92/9/4011?ijkey=af87d607fd0564b7b0fcf32c76edd300b67e7e72&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Other articles related to molecular cloning, molecular, cloning:. Clone (genetics) - Overview. ... Molecular cloning takes ... Read more about Molecular Cloning: History of Molecular Cloning, Overview, Steps in Molecular Cloning, Applications of ... Molecular Cloning. Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble ... Molecular Cloning. ... Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules ... Cloning is commonly used to ...

http://www.primidi.com/molecular_cloning

... Mol Cell Neurosci. 1990 Dec;1(3):214-23. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912772/

Molecular Cloning. by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., Maniatis, T. by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., Maniatis, T. Recommend this! ... Sambrook, J. is the author of Molecular Cloning, published 1989 under ISBN 9780879693732 and ISBN 0879693738. ...

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... Seow-Neng Chan,1 Norliza Abu ... Molecular Cloning of CypCl Gene and Sequence Analysis. Once the PCR product was proven to show similarity to other ... P. Bangrak and W. Chotigeat, "Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel cystatin from Hevea rubber latex," ... W. Megdiche, C. Passaquet, W. Zourrig, Y. Zuily Fodil, and C. Abdelly, "Molecular cloning and characterization of novel ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/973790/

Get more protocols at molecular cloning central ». Want to discover the easiest way to clone?. The easiest way to clone is to ... Struggling to clone your gene of interest or wasting precious time troubleshooting molecular cloning procedures? Our Molecular ... What are the advantages of GenEZ™ cDNA ORF Clones?. *Convenient: cDNA ORF clones available in the vector of your choice (choose ... Start by searching for your ORF sequence in our ORF clone database below, or if you know the accession number of your clone, ...

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Molecular cloning and characterization of an insulin-regulatable glucose transporter [29].. *Molecular cloning of cDNAs ... Disease relevance of Cloning, Molecular. *Amplification and Molecular Cloning of HTLV-I Sequences from DNA of Multiple ... High impact information on Cloning, Molecular. *Molecular cloning of NCR revealed novel members of the Ig superfamily ... Biological context of Cloning, Molecular. *From peptide sequence, molecular cloning revealed a cDNA encoding a novel protein, ...

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Molecular cloning and duplication of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1.. J Hodgkin ... Molecular cloning and duplication of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1.. J Hodgkin ... Molecular cloning and duplication of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1.. J Hodgkin ... Molecular cloning and duplication of the nematode sex-determining gene tra-1. ...

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Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Prior to the 1970s, our understanding of genetics and molecular biology was severely hampered by an inability to isolate and study individual genes from complex organisms. (wikipedia.org)

That is, these plasmids could serve as cloning vectors to carry genes. (wikipedia.org)
By the end of the course, you will be familiar with the roles and importance of cloning vectors. (alison.com)
Finally, you will be introduced to the transforming agents known as cloning vectors and the determinants of a good vector. (alison.com)
Cloning products and expression vectors assemble, replicate, and amplify recombinant DNA. (zageno.com)
Components are available together as part of molecular cloning kits or separately as plasmid vectors, competent cells, cDNA, ORF clones, and genomic libraries. (zageno.com)

Introduction to Molecular Cloning is a free online course that begins by discussing the procedure for isolating specific genes. (alison.com)

In standard molecular cloning experiments, the cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves seven steps: (1) Choice of host organism and cloning vector, (2) Preparation of vector DNA, (3) Preparation of DNA to be cloned, (4) Creation of recombinant DNA, (5) Introduction of recombinant DNA into host organism, (6) Selection of organisms containing recombinant DNA, (7) Screening for clones with desired DNA inserts and biological properties. (wikipedia.org)

Molecular cloning is similar to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that it permits the replication of DNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
Badra, Kamal F. / Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat leukotriene A4hydrolase using the polymerase chain reaction . (elsevier.com)

Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Examples of the DNA sequences that are difficult to clone are inverted repeats, origins of replication, centromeres and telomeres. (wikipedia.org)
Microbiologists, seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms through which bacteria restricted the growth of bacteriophage, isolated restriction endonucleases, enzymes that could cleave DNA molecules only when specific DNA sequences were encountered. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, if any segment of DNA from any organism is inserted into a DNA segment containing the molecular sequences required for DNA replication, and the resulting recombinant DNA is introduced into the organism from which the replication sequences were obtained, then the foreign DNA will be replicated along with the host cell's DNA in the transgenic organism. (wikipedia.org)

The term cloning may refer to cloning small DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cloning cell populations (cellular cloning), or cloning entire organisms (reproductive cloning). (texasgateway.org)

The fundamental difference between the two methods is that molecular cloning involves replication of the DNA in a living microorganism, while PCR replicates DNA in an in vitro solution, free of living cells. (wikipedia.org)
This is consistent with data for in vitro translation by reticulocyte lysate that yields a protein of 55 kDa and treatment with N-glycanase which reduces the molecular mass of canine GP-2 from 75 kDa to 52 kDa (12, 18). (pancreapedia.org)

The complete nucleotide and amino acid sequence of GP-2 was determined initially by molecular cloning technique from peptide sequence for rat, dog and humans (12, 13, 18, 43). (pancreapedia.org)

In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)

The use of the word cloning refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Strictly speaking, recombinant DNA refers to DNA molecules, while molecular cloning refers to the experimental methods used to assemble them. (wikipedia.org)

Transgenic organisms possess DNA from a different species, usually generated by molecular cloning techniques. (texasgateway.org)

This free online course on Alison takes you through the concepts, processes, and significance of molecular cloning. (alison.com)
This free online cloning course provides a comprehensive knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in molecular cloning. (alison.com)

Molecular cloning takes advantage of the fact that the chemical structure of DNA is fundamentally the same in all living organisms. (wikipedia.org)

It had a molecular mass about 80 kDa although in various species it varies from 75 to 90 kDa. (pancreapedia.org)

Arabidopsis thaliana provides an excellent experimental plant system for molecular genetics because of its remarkably small genome size, near absence of dispersed middle repetitive DNA, and short life cycle. (caltech.edu)
Extremely useful in biotechnology, bioengineering, and molecular genetics, MCSs let a molecular biologist insert a piece of DNA or several pieces of DNA into the region of the MCS. (wikipedia.org)

Complementary DNA clones predict a protein of 1,203 amino acids sharing 94% identity with the bovine endothelial protein, but only 60% identity with the rat brain NO synthase isoform. (nih.gov)
In earlier investigations the good agreement between the apparent molecular mass of IL-16 in SDS/PAGE (17 kDa) and an open reading frame of 390 bp suggested that IL-16 is produced as a mature 130-amino acid protein with neither a signal peptide nor further processing ( 10 ). (pnas.org)
However, we recently found that the originally cloned IL-16 ( 10 ) is part of a much longer open reading frame ORF, indicating that the 17 kDa protein is derived from a corresponding precursor ( 14 ). (pnas.org)
Molecular cloning of a novel cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP epsilon. (nih.gov)
The cDNA isolated from a clone library consisted of 2772 bp containing a 2115 bp open reading frame coding for a 705 aa protein with an approximate molecular mass of 80 kDa. (osti.gov)
Internal amino acid sequence was obtained from this 120,000-dalton protein and, by means of this sequence, two types of complementary DNA clones were isolated and characterized. (sciencemag.org)
The recombinant protein showed an estimated molecular mass of 87 kDa, consistent with the expected value of the annotated protein, and an optimal activity for the hydrolysis of α-PNPG was detected at 40 °C, and at pH 6.0. (mdpi.com)
Molecular cloning and expression study of Xenopus latent TGF-beta binding protein-1 (LTBP-1). (xenbase.org)
Sequence analysis of XLTBP-1 cDNA revealed an open reading frame of 4518 bp encoding a 1398 amino acid protein with a molecular mass of 154.1 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.65. (xenbase.org)
Zebrafish P-selectin cDNA is 2,800 bp and encodes a putative 868 amino acid protein with a theoretical molecular weight of 122.36 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.27. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Sequence analysis indicated that the cloned PIPK gene had a high degree of homology with other mammalian PIPKs at the DNA and protein level. (arvojournals.org)
Peptide sequence information derived from this protein was used to isolate cDNA clones encoding a putative plastidic glucose translocator from spinach, potato, tobacco, Arabidopsis, and maize. (plantcell.org)

The DNA fragment containing the acrA locus of the Escherichia coli chromosome has been cloned by using a complementation test. (asm.org)

Learn about genetic engineering, gene manipulation and modification acheived by molecular cloning and transformation. (brighthub.com)

The kits and reagents product segment has five sub-segments, namely, cloning and mutagenesis, nucleic acid analysis, PCR sequencing, and other kits and reagents. (cnbc.com)
These are followed by chapters on cDNA cloning and exon trapping, amplification of DNA, generation and use of nucleic acid probes, mutagenesis, and DNA sequencing. (mexmat.ru)

Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase. (nih.gov)

In this study, the full-length cDNA of pig Cd127 was cloned and sequenced. (scialert.net)
In the present study, we cloned the full-length cDNA of zebrafish P-selectin and analyzed its expression pattern. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

A doctor who separately is pursuing human cloning has reported in an Internet journal preliminary data on an early-stage cloned human embryo, but with no chromosome information. (wired.com)
Indeed, inside cloned monkey cells, the Pittsburgh researchers discovered deformed spindles and chaotic chromosome numbers. (wired.com)
involving the use of restriction enzymes DNA sequencing (where the sequence of nucleotides is known and the gene can be synthesized in the laboratory) Nucleic acid hybridization (used to locate the target gene on its chromosome) DNA cloning (the gene is inserted into the genome of a foreign organism (host) and is replicated as the cells in the host divide). (scribd.com)
Our molecular data reveal that the suppressor of forked locus, which on cytogenetic grounds is the most proximal ordinary gene on the X chromosome, is very close to the junction of the polytenized and non-polytenized region of the X chromosome. (genetics.org)

We have isolated a cDNA clone (mERD2) for the mammalian (bovine) homologue of the yeast ERD2 gene, which codes for the yeast HDEL receptor. (rupress.org)

Using molecular cloning techniques, human homologs of the known members of the trk family of neurotrophin receptors have been cloned and sequenced. (jneurosci.org)
Molecular cloning and characterization of crustacean type-one dopamine receptors: D1alphaPan and D1betaPan. (biomedsearch.com)
As a first step toward illuminating the molecular underpinnings of dopaminergic signal transduction in the crustacean STNS, we have cloned and characterized two type-one DA receptors (DARs) from the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus): D(1alphaPan) and D(1betaPan). (biomedsearch.com)
Transmembrane proteins corresponding to the ligand binding chains of these receptors have recently been cloned. (epfl.ch)

Accordingly, we undertook molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human endothelial NO synthase. (nih.gov)
Sequence analysis demonstrated varying homologies with TnC complementary DNA clones isolated from developing chick skeletal muscle. (ahajournals.org)

A new Oatp1d1 in rainbow trout (rtOatp1d1) was cloned, identified and characterized. (osti.gov)

Core chapters from the third edition have been revised to feature current strategies and approaches to the preparation and cloning of nucleic acids, gene transfer, and expression analysis. (cshlpress.com)
Molecular cloning, expression analysis and cellular localization of an LFRFamide gene in the cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. (bioportfolio.com)
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of S- adenosyl- L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) during the pathogenic infection of Litopenaeus vannamei by Vibrio alginolyticus. (bioportfolio.com)

High accuracy robotics combined with gentle fluidics-based systems establish viable clones with much higher efficiency. (moleculardevices.com)

Borel F, Mueller C. Design, Cloning, and In Vitro Screening of Artificial miRNAs to Silence Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. (umassmed.edu)

Now, human complementary DNA clones corresponding to three polypeptides present in this BMP preparation have been isolated, and expression of the recombinant human proteins have been obtained. (sciencemag.org)
We have isolated a full length complementary DNA clone (pCTnC1) from a 19-day embryonic chicken heart library corresponding to cardiac troponin C (TnC). (ahajournals.org)

Quarto N (2002), Molecular cloning and expression study of Xenop. (xenbase.org)

Start by searching for your ORF sequence in our ORF clone database below, or if you know the accession number of your clone, place a quote directly by clicking the button at the right. (genscript.com)

The easiest way to clone is to let GenScript do the work for you through our sequence-verified, expression-ready, GenEZ™ cDNA ORF clones and ORF mutant clones . (genscript.com)
What are the advantages of GenEZ™ cDNA ORF Clones? (genscript.com)

Research and Markets (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/22c38b/condensed_protocol) has announced the addition of the "Condensed Protocols from Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual" report to their offering. (redorbit.com)
The Condensed Protocols From Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual is a single-volume adaptation of the three-volume third edition of Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. (redorbit.com)
This affordable companion volume, designed for bench use, offers individual investigators the opportunity to have their own personal collection of short protocols from the essential Molecular Cloning. (redorbit.com)
Welcome to cloning central - a centralized portal for molecular cloning techniques, protocols, and troubleshooting guides . (genscript.com)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual has always been the laboratory mainstay for protocols and techniques. (cshlpress.com)

We have cloned, sequenced, and examined several biochemical properties of a Xenopus PAP. (asm.org)
Moirangthem LD, Ibrahim KS, Vanlalsangi R, Stensjö K, Lindblad P, Bhattacharya J. Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of the Iron Superoxide Dismutase from the Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133 and Its Response to Methyl Viologen-Induced Oxidative Stress. (umassmed.edu)

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a new Cap'n' collar family transcription factor Nrf3. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a blue light receptor gene MdCRY2 from apple (Malus domestica). (biomedsearch.com)
We report the cloning, sequencing, and functional characterization of the first human polyspecific organic cation transporter from liver (hOCT1). (aspetjournals.org)

A cDNA for plaice metallothionein (MT) was cloned and the sequence for the first 45 amino acid residues was deduced. (stir.ac.uk)
The 855 bp cDNA of this gene contains the open reading frame (ORF) encoding 232 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approx. (portlandpress.com)
This clone contains an open reading frame of 1,269 nucleotides encoding 423 amino acids, including nine repeats of the Cys2His2-type of zinc-finger domain. (xenbase.org)

Cloning and characterization of a Xenopus poly(A) polymerase. (asm.org)

Known world-wide as the standard introductory text to this important and exciting area, the seventh edition of Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis addresses new and growing areas of research whilst retaining the philosophy of the previous editions. (wiley.com)
Professor Brown has written a number of undergraduate textbooks including Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction (6th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) and Genomes (3rd edition, Garland Science, 2006). (wiley.com)
Pellet P, Berger R, Bernheim A, Brouet J, Tsapis A. Molecular analysis of a t(9;14)(p11;q32) translocation occurring in a case of human alpha heavy chain disease. (labome.org)
I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. (labome.org)

One type encoded GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 116,000 daltons and 96% identity with bovine GAP. (sciencemag.org)

Eggs harbor proteins that act as molecular motors that are key to spindle formation. (wired.com)

The insert from this clone, clone 17, was then used to screen an oligo-dT-primed Z210R.1 cDNA library made in λgt10, from which two other clones (2-1 and 1A) were isolated. (rupress.org)
Although there is no stretch of polyA at the 3′ end of our clones, it is likely that the AATAAA sequence at nucleotides 1111-1116 represents a polyadenylation signal, since the clone containing it was isolated from an oligo-dT-primed cDNA library. (rupress.org)

For corrections to Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Fourth Edition, click HERE . (cshlpress.com)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual fills the same niche in the laboratory (with) information to help both the inexperienced and the advanced user. (cshlpress.com)
It) has once again established its primacy as the molecular laboratory manual and is likely to be found on lab benches. (cshlpress.com)
The addition of this information extends Molecular Cloning from an essential laboratory resource into a new realm, one merging the previous prototype with a modern molecular monograph. (cshlpress.com)
the next generation of Molecular Cloning not only carries on the proud heritage of the first two editions but also admirably expands on that tradition to provide a truly essential laboratory manual. (cshlpress.com)
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual came out in 1982. (harvard.edu)

This changed dramatically with the advent of molecular cloning methods. (wikipedia.org)
This video explains the major methods that are combined, in tandem, to comprise the overall molecular cloning procedure. (jove.com)
I am a master student and I am doing my master thesis in the cloning of keratinase sequence in competent cell.I tried several different methods and procedure for the cloning and I got the colonies but when I did the mini prep I had the good concentration of the DNA but when run on agarosei could not see the band. (biology-online.org)
A) The sequence given is a composite of three clones (see Materials and Methods). (rupress.org)

Seamless cloning technologies eliminate the requirement for restriction enzymes. (genscript.com)
This can be advantageous when an insert contains a number of restriction sites within its sequence, making it difficult to identify restriction enzymes that will not cut the gene of interest during the cloning procedure. (genscript.com)

This, together with the subsequent identification of the other two SLC34 isoforms [ 24 , 42 ], has paved the way for a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of P i homeostasis, many aspects of which are the subject of dedicated reviews in this issue. (springer.com)

A chemotactic transducer gene, denoted pctA (Pseudomonas chemotactic transducer A), was cloned by phenotypic complementation of PCT1. (asm.org)

clone 1A, nucleotides 27-1125. (rupress.org)

WASHINGTON - Cloning humans, or any other primates, may be impossible with today's techniques because of a fundamental molecular obstacle, say scientists trying to understand why attempts to clone monkeys have failed. (wired.com)
Two components of a receptor complex for IL-13, the IL-4R and a low affinity IL-13-binding chain, IL-13Rα1, have been cloned in mice and humans. (jimmunol.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes66

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Novel regulation of the homeotic gene Scr associated with a crustacean leg-to-maxilliped appendage transformation. (1/69323)

Mrj encodes a DnaJ-related co-chaperone that is essential for murine placental development. (2/69323)

Requirement of a novel gene, Xin, in cardiac morphogenesis. (3/69323)

Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development. (4/69323)

Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. (5/69323)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (6/69323)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (7/69323)

In vivo expression of the nucleolar group I intron-encoded I-dirI homing endonuclease involves the removal of a spliceosomal intron. (8/69323)

Cloning, Molecular

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Base Sequence

DNA, Complementary

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Cloning, Organism

Sequence Alignment

Restriction Mapping

Genes, Bacterial

Escherichia coli

Gene Library

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Sequence Analysis, DNA

DNA

RNA, Messenger

Plasmids

Recombinant Proteins

Blotting, Northern

Chromosome Mapping

Gene Expression

Blotting, Southern

Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA, Bacterial

Genes

DNA Primers

Open Reading Frames

DNA Restriction Enzymes

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Phylogeny

Genetic Complementation Test

DNA, Recombinant

Tissue Distribution

Genomic Library

Genetic Vectors

Transcription, Genetic

Multigene Family

Molecular Weight

Bacterial Proteins

Cell Line

Organ Specificity

Sequence Analysis

Cosmids

Mutation

Substrate Specificity

Carrier Proteins

Oligonucleotide Probes

Transfection

Transformation, Bacterial

Transformation, Genetic

Genes, Fungal

Sequence Homology

In Situ Hybridization

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Plant Proteins

Species Specificity

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

RNA

Conserved Sequence

Gene Expression Regulation

Streptomyces

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Kinetics

Genes, Plant

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Exons

Membrane Proteins

Protein Biosynthesis

Alternative Splicing

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

Introns

Cattle

DNA, Fungal

DNA Probes

DNA Transposable Elements

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides

Operon

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

COS Cells