Muscles: Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.Muscle, Smooth: Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Muscle Proteins: The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.Myocytes, Smooth Muscle: Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Muscle Fibers, Skeletal: Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.Muscle Development: Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Muscle Cells: Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch: Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.Muscle Denervation: The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.Muscle Fatigue: A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries.Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch: Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.Plant Stems: Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Mitochondria, Muscle: Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.Stem Cell Transplantation: The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or between species (XENOTRANSPLANTATION), or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). The source and location of the stem cells determines their potency or pluripotency to differentiate into various cell types.Muscle Relaxation: That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.Adult Stem Cells: Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults.Neck Muscles: The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).Muscle, Striated: One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.Oculomotor Muscles: The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.Neoplastic Stem Cells: Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Muscle Spindles: Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Respiratory Muscles: These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.Papillary Muscles: Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.Muscle Weakness: A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Pluripotent Stem Cells: Cells that can give rise to cells of the three different GERM LAYERS.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Quadriceps Muscle: The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.Abdominal Muscles: Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle: Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Masseter Muscle: A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.Isometric Contraction: Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.Facial Muscles: Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.Muscular Atrophy: Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.Masticatory Muscles: Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Stem Cell Niche: A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained in a undifferentiated, self-renewable state.Neural Stem Cells: Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA.Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.Intercostal Muscles: Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Cells from adult organisms that have been reprogrammed into a pluripotential state similar to that of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Aorta, Thoracic: The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.Actins: Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.Myoblasts: Embryonic (precursor) cells of the myogenic lineage that develop from the MESODERM. They undergo proliferation, migrate to their various sites, and then differentiate into the appropriate form of myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL; MYOCYTES, CARDIAC; MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE).Mice, Inbred C57BLMyosin Heavy Chains: The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.Regeneration: The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.Muscular Diseases: Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.Multipotent Stem Cells: Specialized stem cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function; examples are MYOBLASTS; MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; and skin stem cells. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Cell Movement: The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.Pectoralis Muscles: The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.Myofibrils: The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Membrane Potentials: The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis: Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.Electric Stimulation: Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation: Transfer of MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS).Tunica Intima: The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Myoblasts, Skeletal: Precursor cells destined to differentiate into skeletal myocytes (MYOCYTES, SKELETAL).Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Trachea: The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Neuromuscular Junction: The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Carotid Artery Injuries: Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.Psoas Muscles: A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.Brain Stem: The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.Cell Lineage: The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Stem Cell Factor: A hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the cell surface c-kit protein (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT). It is expressed during embryogenesis and is a growth factor for a number of cell types including the MAST CELLS and the MELANOCYTES in addition to the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.MyoD Protein: A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Though it is not clear how its function differs from the other myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD appears to be related to fusion and terminal differentiation of the muscle cell.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Desmin: An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.Temporal Muscle: A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.Guinea Pigs: A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.Angiotensin II: An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Motor Neurons: Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.GlycogenStress, Mechanical: A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Muscular Dystrophy, AnimalCarotid Arteries: Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Enzyme Activation: Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Pharyngeal Muscles: The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.Receptors, Cholinergic: Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Fetal Stem Cells: Cells derived from a FETUS that retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Myogenin: A myogenic regulatory factor that controls myogenesis. Myogenin is induced during differentiation of every skeletal muscle cell line that has been investigated, in contrast to the other myogenic regulatory factors that only appear in certain cell types.Mice, Inbred mdx: A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous MUTATION (mdx) in inbred C57BL mice. This mutation is X chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein DYSTROPHIN, have high serum levels of muscle ENZYMES, and possess histological lesions similar to human MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY. The histological features, linkage, and map position of mdx make these mice a worthy animal model of DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Rats, Inbred WKY: A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Caffeine: A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Dystrophin: A muscle protein localized in surface membranes which is the product of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene. Individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually lack dystrophin completely while those with Becker muscular dystrophy have dystrophin of an altered size. It shares features with other cytoskeletal proteins such as SPECTRIN and alpha-actinin but the precise function of dystrophin is not clear. One possible role might be to preserve the integrity and alignment of the plasma membrane to the myofibrils during muscle contraction and relaxation. MW 400 kDa.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.Sarcomeres: The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.Electrophysiology: The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.Calcium Signaling: Signal transduction mechanisms whereby calcium mobilization (from outside the cell or from intracellular storage pools) to the cytoplasm is triggered by external stimuli. Calcium signals are often seen to propagate as waves, oscillations, spikes, sparks, or puffs. The calcium acts as an intracellular messenger by activating calcium-responsive proteins.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Chick Embryo: The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.Calcium Channels: Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.Potassium: An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.Stem Cell Research: Experimentation on STEM CELLS and on the use of stem cells.Protein Isoforms: Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.Myostatin: A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Creatine Kinase: A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.Cell SeparationMuscle Cramp: A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)Sarcolemma: The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.Chickens: Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Blood Vessels: Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).Organ Specificity: Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.Microfilament Proteins: Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).Blotting, Northern: Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.Isoenzymes: Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne: An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Myositis: Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.Microscopy, Fluorescence: Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.Mesenteric Arteries: Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.Vasoconstrictor Agents: Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Tropomyosin: A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Animals, Newborn: Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Muscular Dystrophies: A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Protein Kinase C: An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.Myogenic Regulatory Factors: A family of muscle-specific transcription factors which bind to DNA in control regions and thus regulate myogenesis. All members of this family contain a conserved helix-loop-helix motif which is homologous to the myc family proteins. These factors are only found in skeletal muscle. Members include the myoD protein (MYOD PROTEIN); MYOGENIN; myf-5, and myf-6 (also called MRF4 or herculin).Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Action Potentials: Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.Cell Count: The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.Embryo, Mammalian: The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Glucose Transporter Type 4: A glucose transport protein found in mature MUSCLE CELLS and ADIPOCYTES. It promotes transport of glucose from the BLOOD into target TISSUES. The inactive form of the protein is localized in CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES. In response to INSULIN, it is translocated to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it facilitates glucose uptake.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Hematopoietic stem cell niche2006). "Smooth muscle of the dorsal aorta shares a common clonal origin with skeletal muscle of the myotome". Develop. 133 (4 ... immune cells, and even platelets all originate from the same progenitor cell, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). As these cells ... Stem Cell. 7 (3): 391-402. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.06.020. PMID 20804974. Adams GB; et al. (2006). "Stem cell engraftment at ... Schofield R. (1978). "The relationship between the spleen colony-forming cell and the haemopoietic stem cell". Blood Cells. 4 ( ...
"Multiple differentiation of clonal teratocarcinoma stem cells following embryoid body formation in vitro". Cell. 6 (4): 467-74 ... P19 cells provide valuable formation of both neuronal cells and muscle cells in vitro. Since P19 cells are easy to maintain and ... These stem cells were named embryonal carcinoma P19 cells. These derived P19 cells grew rapidly without feeder cells and were ... The content of cardiac muscle cells were 25% of the cells. After 10 days of exposure, skeletal muscle cells appeared around the ...
... muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue). While the terms mesenchymal stem cell and ... Scientists Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till first revealed the clonal nature of marrow cells in the 1960s. An ex vivo ... These bone marrow stem cells do not contribute to the formation of blood cells so do not express the hematopoietic stem cell ... Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized morphologically by a small cell body with a few cell processes that are long and thin ...
For example, the process of breeding at least two strains of transgenic animals from embryonic stem cells is both time ... Mach, Jennifer (2011-07-01). "Clonal Analysis with the Brother of Brainbow System". The Plant Cell. 23 (7): 2471-2471. doi: ... In using these methods to create a complete map and track the axons of a mouse muscle, it is necessary to collect tens of ... It is then possible to trace each motor axon and its synaptic contacts to construct a complete connectome of the muscle. More ...
Eliminating either PDGFRB, or PDGF-B reduces the number of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, and thereby compromises ... the ability to continuously stimulate the growth and proliferation of hematological stem cells; and c) the ability to cause ... The disease is now classified by the World Heath Organization as one form of clonal eosinophilia. It is critical that the ... PDGFRB is extensively expressed in the neurons, chorioid plexus, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes of the human brain ...
Stem cells can be grown in tissue culture. In culture, they can be transformed into specialised cells, such as those of muscles ... "Cytological demonstration of the clonal nature of spleen colonies derived from transplanted mouse marrow cells". Nature 197: ... Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells taken from the inner cell mass of the early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. ... The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are: embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells, which are found in adult tissues. ...
Polyclonal plasma cells and CD21+ follicular dendritic cells are also seen. Clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangements are ... Stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice, with the allogeneic one being the preference because AITL tends to recur ... anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and positive rheumatoid factor. The normal architecture of a lymph node is partially effaced by ... October 1999). "Peripheral T-cell lymphoma with Reed-Sternberg-like cells of B-cell phenotype and genotype associated with ...
Clonal cell lines are created by growing up a single cell. Evans and Kaufman showed that the cells grown out from these ... muscle, liver cells) that have reduced or eliminated ability to cause tumors. Following differentiation, the cells are ... Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre ... Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells found in adults; while embryonic stem cells can generate ...
This interaction leads to a role in clonal expansion of T cells. HDAC9 KO mice are shown to suffer from cardiac hypertrophy ... HDAC3 also shows involvement in stem cell self-renewal and a transcription independent role in mitosis. HDAC8 has been found to ... HDACs 5 and 7 have been shown to work in opposition to HDAC4 during muscle differentiation regulation so as to keep a proper ... HDACs expression and activity in tumor cells is very different from normal cells. The overexpression and increased activity of ...
In single-cell organisms like bacteria, the functional analogue of an organ is called organelle. A hollow organ is a visceral ... For example, the liver evolved in the stem vertebrates more than 500 million years ago, while the gut and brain are even more ... Muscular system: movement with muscles. Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain, spinal ... see clonal colony). The English word "organ" derives from the Latin organum, meaning "instrument", itself from the Greek word ...
"Combined PDK1 and CHK1 inhibition is required to kill glioblastoma stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo". Cell Death & Disease ... "Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 controls mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 clonal beta-cells". The ... n-3 fatty acids in a high-fat diet attenuate the increase in PDH kinase activity but not PDH activity in human skeletal muscle ... In a further developed study, combined PDK1 and CHK1 inhibition was shown to be required to kill glioblastoma stem-like cells ...
Genetic instability: In heart muscle cells, dogs annually lose approximately 3.3% of the DNA in their heart muscle cells while ... cancer cells which have lost the ability to die when maintained in a cell culture such as the HeLa cell line, and specific stem ... Clonal immortality apart, there are certain species whose individual lifespans stand out among Earth's life-forms, including ... Cell Stem Cell. 12 (3): 293-297. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.005. PMID 23472871. Stephen Moss (July 2013). "Big ears: they ...
"Pluripotent stem cells from cloned human embryos: success at long last". Cell Stem Cell. 12 (6): 636-8. doi:10.1016/j.stem. ... "Moving Toward the Clonal Man", in 1971. With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer ( ... muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous tissue). A specific set of genes, often called " ... "Human somatic cell nuclear transfer using adult cells". Cell Stem Cell. 14 (6): 777-80. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.03.015. PMID ...
Stromal cells originate from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Lymph nodes are enclosed in an external fibrous capsule and ... Most T cells are, in time, eliminated in the thymus by a process of clonal deletion. However, some of them escape this process ... fibronectin and intracellular components such as desmin and α-actin smooth muscle that may influence the formation of the ... dendritic cells move to the T cell zone or to the B cell follicle along the fibroblast reticular cell network. Dendritic cells ...
The mutations can be inherited or acquired, and most probably occur in the intestinal crypt stem cell. The most commonly ... Dukes stage B bowel cancer; the cancer has invaded the muscle. Dukes stage C bowel cancer; the cancer has invaded the nearby ... of the somatic mutations found in mutator phenotype human colorectal tumors occur before the onset of terminal clonal expansion ... normally monitors cell division and kills cells if they have Wnt pathway defects. Eventually, a cell line acquires a mutation ...
In the UK, the name 'Wrotham Pinot' is a permitted synonym for Pinot Meunier and stems from a vine that one of the pioneers of ... wines favored by those who like muscle rather than charm and velvety finesse in their Pinot noir wines.[citation needed] In ... in the epidermal cells) which makes the shoot tips and leaves prominently hairy-white and the vine a little smaller and early ... by Harold Olmo for UCD in the 1950s and was one of the first pinot noir vines this institution offered as a high health clonal ...
If considered singular entities, the largest organisms are clonal colonies which can spread over large areas. Pando, a clonal ... The floating stem of Macrocystis pyrifera can grow to a height of over 45 m (148 ft). Macrocystis also qualifies as the largest ... Cyanobacteria One of the largest "blue green algae" is Lyngbya, whose filamentous cells can be 50 μm wide. The largest virus on ... The bodies have seven transverse bands of muscle interspersed by white, translucent patches. A stolon grows from near the ...
Saló E. (2006). "The power of regeneration and the stem-cell kingdom: freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes)". BioEssays. 28 ( ... Scientists have observed that a person's VO2max value (a measure of the volume of oxygen flow to the cardiac muscle) decreases ... The oldest known plant (possibly oldest living thing) is a clonal Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) tree colony in the ... Most living species have at least one upper limit on the number of times the cells of a member can divide. This is called the ...
"In vitro high-capacity assay to quantify the clonal heterogeneity in trilineage potential of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a ... including vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Its function is still poorly understood, but evidence ... Schwab KE, Gargett CE (2007). "Co-expression of two perivascular cell markers isolates mesenchymal stem-like cells from human ... "In vitro high-capacity assay to quantify the clonal heterogeneity in trilineage potential of mesenchymal stem cells reveals a ...
4 allotypically committed precursor cells in each follicle. Bursal follicles are colonized by 2-5 pre-bursal stem cells and ... Internal cancers can occur in the kidneys, liver, stomach, ovary, muscles or bone. Squamous cell carcinoma is a form of skin ... High CD8 expression precedes the dual expression of CD4 and CD8 but following clonal selection and expansion, avian T cells ... These include a new lineage of cytoplasmic CD3+ lymphoid cells (TCR0 cells) and a T cell sublineage that expresses a different ...
EC cells are believed to be derived from endodermal origins and are descended from the stem cells that form other epithelial ... "Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages". Development. 110 (2): 477-81. PMID 2133551. Lee, ... Secreted 5-HT acts on different receptor subtypes found localised in cells in the gastrointestinal epithelium, smooth muscle ... ECL cells histologically appear similar to EC cells and are hence named as such. They are however a different cell type and do ...
MeWo cells are characteristically less invasive than their clonal variant cell line 70W. One lab studied perlecan expression in ... components and cell-surface molecules. Perlecan is synthesized by both vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and ... Stem Cells. 25 (11): 2845-54. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0065. PMID 17702986. Zoeller JJ, McQuillan A, Whitelock J, Ho SY, ... and c-Src are activated in human aortic smooth muscle cells by pressure stress". Mol. Cell. Biochem. 262 (1-2): 71-8. doi: ...
... smooth muscle cells, fibrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, often derived from bone marrow), or via epithelial-mesenchymal ... The draining lymph nodes are the likely location for T cell clonal reproduction, although this also occurs within the tumor. ... TILs have a common origin with myelogenous cells at the hematopoietic stem cell, but diverge in development. Concentration is ... T cells reach tumor sites via the circulatory system. The TME appears to preferentially recruit other immune cells over T cells ...
A mutant or epigenetically altered stem cell may replace the other nearby stem cells by natural selection. Thus, a patch of ... These cells are presumed to be clonal - that is, they are derived from the same cell, and all carry the same genetic or ... "The association of Epstein-Barr virus with smooth-muscle tumors occurring after organ transplantation". N. Engl. J. Med. 332 (1 ... such mutation or epigenetic alteration may occur so that a given stem cell acquires an advantage compared to other stem cells ...
The mutations can be inherited or acquired, and most probably occur in the intestinal crypt stem cell.[37][38][39] The most ... of the somatic mutations found in mutator phenotype human colorectal tumors occur before the onset of terminal clonal expansion ... normally monitors cell division and kills cells if they have Wnt pathway defects. Eventually, a cell line acquires a mutation ... These genes are normally important for stem cell renewal and differentiation, but when inappropriately expressed at high levels ...
... and the secretion of several types of type 2 cytokines like IL-3 and Stem Cell Factor (SCF) which both help the mast cells ... which relax smooth muscle of constricted airway in asthma, or (4) mast cell stabilizers, which inhibit the degranulation of ... FcεRI is expressed on mast cells, basophils, and the antigen-presenting dendritic cells in both mice and humans. Binding of ... Regulation of IgE levels through control of B cell differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells is thought to involve the ...
Erratum for the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo" by D...Erratum for the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo" by D ... Erratum for the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo" by D ... Erratum for the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo" by D ... Erratum for the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo" by D ...
![Tierney M[au] - PubMed - NCBI](data:image/png;base64,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)
Tierney M[au] - PubMed - NCBIMuscle Stem Cells Exhibit Distinct Clonal Dynamics in Response to Tissue Repair and Homeostatic Aging. ... Cell Stem Cell. 2018 Jan 4;22(1):119-127.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.009. Epub 2017 Dec 14. ... Single Stem Cell Imaging and Analysis Reveals Telomere Length Differences in Diseased Human and Mouse Skeletal Muscles. ... Stem Cell Reports. 2017 Oct 10;9(4):1328-1341. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.003. Epub 2017 Sep 7. ...
Erratum for the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo" by D ... Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo ... Robotic stingray powered by light-activated muscle cells. Light-controlled cardiac muscle cells make nickel-sized raybot come ... COVER A robotic ray made up of rat heart cells, gold, and a polymer commonly used in breast implants. The robot ray mimics the ...
Animal Cell Culture / Edition 1 by Jeffrey W. Pollard | 9780896031500 | Hardcover | Barnes & Noble®Animal Cell Culture, the latest volume in Humanas highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, provides detailed ... Primary Kidney Cells.- Adipocytes.- Tissue Culture of Skeletal Muscle.- Derivation and Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cell ... In Vitro Clonal Culture of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells.- Flow Sorting for Isolating CFU-E.- Production of Human and ... Basic Cell Culture.- Establishment, Maintenance, and Cloning of Human Primary Cell Strains.- Aging of Cultured Human Skin ...
2012 May 4;10(5):515-9. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.04.002. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... G, H) Clonal myogenesis assays of double-sorted satellite cells from young control or CR-treated mice. Data represent mean ± SD ... Skeletal muscle stem cell frequency and function are enhanced in CR-treated muscle ... Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge ...
Frontiers | Advancements in stem cells treatment of skeletal muscle wasting | PhysiologyMuscle regeneration was attempted by means transplantation of myogenic cells (from myoblast to embryonic stem cells) and also ... Muscle regeneration was attempted by means transplantation of myogenic cells (from myoblast to embryonic stem cells) and also ... Taking into account the advances in the isolation of new subpopulation of stem cells and in the creation of artificial stem ... Taking into account the advances in the isolation of new subpopulation of stem cells and in the creation of artificial stem ...
Wiley-VCH - The Science of Stem Cells9. Stem cells in the body.. Epidermis, neural stem cells, muscle satellite cells, haematopoiesis, spermatogenesis, mesenchymal ... Cancer and cancer stem cells.. Multi-hit mutagenesis; clonal analysis of tumours; definition of cancer stem cells; implications ... Mouse embryonic stem cells, human embryonic stem cells, naive and primed states, induced pluripotent stem cells. Somatic cell ... Pluripotent stem cell; in vivo stem cell; in vitro clonogenic cell; transplantable cell; cell expressing certain markers; label ...
Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo. Science 353, aad9969 (2016).. ... Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) are muscle-resident stem cells that play an indispensable role in myogenesis, and their function ... Highly efficient, functional engraftment of skeletal muscle stem cells in dystrophic muscles. Cell 134, 37-47 (2008).. ... Rejuvenation of the muscle stem cell population restores strength to injured aged muscles. Nat. Med. 20, 255-264 (2014).. ...
'fibroblast growth factors' Protocols and Video...Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays, In Vitro Culture of Epicardial Cells From Mouse Embryonic Heart, ... Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. ... Microbead Implantation in the Zebrafish Embryo, A Novel Culture Model for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Propagation on Gelatin ... Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Motor Neurons, Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific ...
US20050112104A1 - Cardiac muscle regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells
- Google PatentsThese cells can be administered as a liquid injectible or as a preparation of cells in a matrix which is or becomes solid or ... The cells can be genetically modified to enhance myocardial differentiation and integration. Also disclosed is a method for ... in vivo by administering to the heart of an individual a cardiomyocyte producing amount of mesenchymal stem cells. ... replacing cells ex vivo in a heart valve for implantation. ... Unselected MSCs on a clonal line, isolated by limiting dilution ...
Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Differentiation Along Smooth Muscle Lineage FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the ... Herein we showed for the first time that efficient SMCs can be obtained from human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs). Clonal ... Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio). May, 2007 , Pubmed ID: 17255522 Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells constitute a ... Stem Cells and Development. Jun, 2013 , Pubmed ID: 23311301 Maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes ( ...
CELL LINEAGE | Shapiroiii) these muscle-bound primordial stem-cells first part to individual muscles and then differentiate into myogenic and non- ... trees from somatic mutations to MSCs and myogenic and non-myogenic cells from individual myofiber that were cultured at clonal ... myofiber-associated non-myogenic and myogenic cells share the same muscle-bound primordial stem cells of a lineage distinct ... and it further addresses open questions in colon stem cells. In addition, this method can be applied to study stem cell ...
American Federation for Aging Research : List of GranteesBenjamin Cosgrove, PhD, Assistant Professor, Cornell University: Single-cell Dissociation of Muscle Stem Cell Dysfunction in ... Understanding the Etiology and Effects of Age-related Clonal Hematopoiesis. Andreas Pfenning, PhD, Assistant Professor, ... Wnt4 as a novel therapeutic for rejuvenating muscle stem cell function during aging. Karl Miller, PhD, Postdoctoral Associate, ... Defining and reversing neural stem cell aging. Andrew Kane, Harvard University: Examining the role of Hsf1 in age-related ...
Single-cell technique Protocols and Methods | Springer Nature Experiments... proteomics and metabolomics to study a system at a single cell level. ... Single-cell assay is an ensemble of genomics, transcriptomics, ... using micro-contact printing for clonal muscle stem cell ... Adult muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells) are an anatomically defined population of cells that are essential for ... Adult muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells) are an anatomically defined population of cells that are essential for ...
Sean M. Wu, MD, PhD, FACC | Stanford Medicine ProfilesTo address the clonal origin of these lineages, we isolated Nkx2.5(+) cells from in vitro differentiated murine embryonic stem ... Developmental origin of a bipotential myocardial and smooth muscle cell precursor in the mammalian heart CELL Wu, S. M., ... Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are capable of ... Mesp1 at the heart of mesoderm lineage specification CELL STEM CELL Wu, S. M. 2008; 3 (1): 1-2 Abstract. Stem cell-based ...
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute - Research Output
- Monash UniversityMuscle Stem Cells Undergo Extensive Clonal Drift during Tissue Growth via Meox1-Mediated Induction of G2 Cell-Cycle Arrest. ... New Monoclonal Antibodies to Defined Cell Surface Proteins on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. OBrien, C. M., Chy, H. S., Zhou, Q ... Preparation of DNA from embryonic stem cells or other cultured cells. Behringer, R., Gertsenstein, M., Nagy, K. V. & Nagy, A., ... Cell Stem Cell. 21, 1, p. 107-119.e6 19 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review ...
"Multiple differentiation of clonal teratocarcinoma stem cells following embryoid body formation in vitro". Cell. 6 (4): 467-74 ... P19 cells provide valuable formation of both neuronal cells and muscle cells in vitro. Since P19 cells are easy to maintain and ... These stem cells were named embryonal carcinoma P19 cells. These derived P19 cells grew rapidly without feeder cells and were ... The content of cardiac muscle cells were 25% of the cells. After 10 days of exposure, skeletal muscle cells appeared around the ...
Amniotic fluid stem cells improve survival and enhance repair of damaged intestine in necrotising enterocolitis via a COX-2...... and anti-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibodies to label smooth muscle cells (red) (scale bar 20μm). AFS cells coexpressing GFP ... Cells. Clonal AFS cells lines were generated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats at E14 as ... Amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells are immunoselected by the stem cell factor receptor c-kit (CD117) and are able to give rise to ... In vitro and in vivo cardiomyogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid stem cells. Stem Cell Rev 2011;7:364-80. ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Epidermal Stem Cells and Their Epigenetic Regulation | HTMLAs one kind of adult stem cell, epidermal stem cells have the potential to generate diversified types of progeny cells in the ... Although its biology is still largely unclarified, epidermal stem cells are widely used in stem cell research and regenerative ... cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Tissue homeostasis in adults is maintained by adult stem cells resident in the ... In this review, we will briefly discuss the current understanding of epigenetic modulation in epidermal stem cells. ...
Do Hyperplastoid Cell Lines "Differentiate Themselves to Death"? | Springer for Research & Development... clearly differentiated between two classes of mammalian cell lines: 1) Those typified by HeLa are apparently immortal and may ... Clonal analysis of vertebrate myogenesis III. Developmental changes in the muscle-colony-forming cells of the human fetal limb ... A stochastic model of stem cell proliferation, based on the growth of spleen colony-forming cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 51 ... Clonal growth of primary human cell cultures. Exp. Cell Res. 33: 495.Google Scholar ...
Using Stem Cells to Grow Artificial Tissue for Peripheral Nerve Repair... and clinical studies in all areas of stem cell biology and applications. The journal will consider basic, translational, and ... Stem Cells International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, ... "Clonal multipotency of skeletal muscle-derived stem cells between mesodermal and ectodermal lineage," Stem Cells, vol. 25, no. ... "Adipose derived stem cells" (. ), "Dental pulp stem cells" (. ), "Neural stem cells" (. ), "Skin derived stem cells" (. ), " ...
Efficient gene knockin in axolotl and its use to test the role of satellite cells in limb regeneration | PNAS2017) Muscle stem cells undergo extensive clonal drift during tissue growth via Meox1-mediated induction of G2 cell-cycle ... 2004) SOX2, a persistent marker for multipotential neural stem cells derived from embryonic stem cells, the embryo or the adult ... S4 A and B). To determine whether the CHERRY+/Cherry− cells represented neurons newly born from a stem cell, we pulse-labeled ... 2015) Planar cell polarity-mediated induction of neural stem cell expansion during axolotl spinal cord regeneration. Elife 4: ...
Diane S Krause, MD, PhD > Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program | Yale School of...Influence of culture medium on smooth muscle cell differentiation from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue ... Swenson ES, Xanthopoulos J, Nottoli T, McGrath J, Theise ND, Krause DS: Chimeric mice reveal clonal development of pancreatic ... Stem Cell Center, Yale: Stem Cells and Tissue Repair , Tissue Specific Stem Cells ... Very small embryonic-like stem cells from the murine bone marrow differentiate into epithelial cells of the lung. Stem Cells ...
Mechanisms That Regulate Stem Cell Self-Renewal | HHMI.orgSelf-renewal is the process by which stem cells divide to make more stem cells, perpetuating stem cells throughout life in ... Sean Morrisons laboratory studies the mechanisms that regulate stem cell self-renewal in the hematopoietic and nervous systems ... Cultures of purified neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) at clonal density were supplemented either with Delta-Fc (A-C) or with ... smooth muscle actin, green) markers. Single purified NCSCs gave rise to multilineage colonies like this one, containing more ...
Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Primitive and Definitive Hematopoiesis | IntechOpenThese hESC-derived hemangioblasts were defined by the expression of KDR and could generate clonal cells sharing both ... such as smooth muscle [117, 118]. ... Division of Stem Cell Processing, Center for Stem Cell Biology ... It is well believed that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs [1]) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs [2]) are of great ... Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Primitive and Definitive Hematopoiesis, Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology - Advances in ...
ProgenitorDifferentiatePopulationsProliferationLineageVitroTissuesTissueRegenerativeCardiacEndothelialLineagesHematopoiesisTherapeuticHeterogeneityVivoBiologyRegenerationSomatic CellsProgenitorsMurineEpithelial CellsAbstractCulturesTherapiesStromalUndergoGenesEmbryosCardiomyocytesFateEmbryoMiceHeterogeneousVascularMyogenicHumanPlasticityFibroblastsPluripotencyAssaysMalignantIntestinalCellularMyeloidGeneticRevealsClinical2017Analysis2018MarkersSelf-renew
- In Vitro Clonal Culture of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Integrin α2 marks a niche of trophoblast progenitor cells in first trimester human placenta. (nih.gov)
- One of the early events during regeneration is formation of the blastema, which contains progenitor populations that will give rise to all cell types of the newly regenerated tissue. (pnas.org)
- Having been focusing on basic and clinical research on hESC/hiPSC-derived functionally mature blood cells for long, our group has established an efficient method to induce large-scale production of multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells by coculturing hESC/hiPSCs with murine hematopoietic niche-derived stromal cells [ 3 - 6 ]. (intechopen.com)
- 2006 ). NBs are neural stem/progenitor cells that are specified during embryogenesis and divide to generate the larval neurons. (stembook.org)
- A Canadian group successfully used endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow to restore heart function and lower blood pressure in rats. (futurepundit.com)
- His team used endothelial progenitor cells. (futurepundit.com)
- Our results show that endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow circulate in the bloodstream. (futurepundit.com)
- Stewart and co-investigator Yidan Zhao, M.D., a research associate at the University of Toronto and St. Michael s Hospital, removed vascular progenitor cells from rats bone marrow. (futurepundit.com)
- Systolic pressure fell to 32 mm Hg in those treated with endothelial progenitor cells, and it was relatively unchanged (45 mm Hg) in control animals treated with skin fibroblasts. (futurepundit.com)
- The overall goals of my research are to characterize bone marrow (BM) derived stem/progenitor cells, and to define the mechanisms that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of these cells with the hopes that the findings can be translated to improved therapeutics. (yale.edu)
- Hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis using bone marrow derived stem and progenitor cells Projects in the lab focus on molecular mechanisms that regulate early hematopoiesis and may be dysfunctional in leukemogenesis. (yale.edu)
- When RBM15 is overexpressed, it prevents myeloid differentiation, and when RBM15 is inhibited or deleted, myeloid differentiation is enhanced, and there is a loss of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell self-renewal. (yale.edu)
- Using zebrafish as a model, we describe the in vivo dynamics and function of embryonic muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) in the dermomyotome. (biologists.org)
- Our work provides a dynamic view of embryonic muscle progenitor cells during zebrafish muscle growth and regeneration. (biologists.org)
- Many human blood cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs), immune cells, and even platelets all originate from the same progenitor cell, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). (wikipedia.org)
- Hematopoiesis involves a series of differentiation steps from one progenitor cell to a more committed cell type, forming the recognizable tree seen in the adjacent diagram. (wikipedia.org)
- The CMP can then further differentiate into the megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (MEP), which goes on to make RBCs and platelets, or the granulocyte/macrophage progenitor (GMP), which gives rise to the granulocytes of the innate immune response. (wikipedia.org)
- The hemangioblast theory, which posits that the RBCs and ECs derive from a common progenitor cell, was developed as researchers observed that receptor knockout mice, such as flk1-/-, exhibited defective RBC formation and vessel growth. (wikipedia.org)
- Ten years later, the theme of a transcriptional repressor enabling a progenitor cell to shed alternative cell fates was to be reiterated for Bcl11b and T cell commitment ( 16 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Conget PA, Minguell JJ (1999) Phenotypical and functional properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells. (springer.com)
- Williamson SC, Mitter R, Rigas AC, Robson CN, Heer R. Comparative meta-analysis of the human prostate stem cell transcriptome demonstrates that progenitor cells are the site of malignant transformation . (ncl.ac.uk)
- SDF-1 expressed in bone marrow inhibits the apoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells and promotes their survival ( 6 , 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- BCL-2 inhibition with ABT-737 prolongs survival in an NRAS/BCL-2 mouse model of AML by targeting primitive LSK and progenitor cells. (labome.org)
- Human Isl1-ECs (endothelial cells differentiated from hESC-derived ISL1+ progenitors) resemble OFT-ECs in terms of expression of the cardiac endothelial progenitor- and endocardial cell-specific genes, confirming their organ specificity. (nih.gov)
- Hematopoietic and endothelial cells are postulated to be derived from a common progenitor, hemangioblast. (nus.edu.sg)
- There were clusters of Y-positive cells suggesting that single progenitor cells underwent clonal expansion and differentiation. (bio-aromatica.com)
- R788 Most of these studies have focused on endogenous neural progenitor cells (neural stem cells) localized in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus in rodents R788 (4). (bio-aromatica.com)
- Objective- Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSCs) with a VSMC phenotype contribute to neointima formation and lumen loss after angioplasty and during allograft arteriosclerosis. (ahajournals.org)
- Researchers found that mesoderm-derived pericytes (PCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) originate from a clonal mesenchymal progenitor mesenchymoangioblast (MB). (musclecellnews.com)
- By using the genetic signature of skeletal stem cells initially identified in the mouse by Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Growth Plate and Diaphysis, the researchers were able to isolate human skeletal stem cells from foetal bones and the adipose tissue with similar progenitor markers. (kcl.fyi)
- To evaluate the feasibility of isolating and expanding endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), in the form of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (OECs), from the peripheral blood of an aged population, particularly patients affected by different forms of AMD. (arvojournals.org)
- 7 described that peripheral blood contains a population of bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that differentiates into endothelial cells at sites of postnatal vasculogenesis and pathologic neovascularization. (arvojournals.org)
- Current challenges in cell replacement therapy include the limited source of engraftable stem/progenitor cells and a poor ability to manipulate their functional expansion and differentiation. (schoolbag.info)
- 2012) Dynamic clonal analysis of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells marked by 5 fluorescent proteins using confocal and multiphoton microscopy. (cellimagelibrary.org)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the archetypal multipotent progenitor cells derived in cultures of developed organs, are of unknown identity and native distribution. (mirm-pitt.net)
- Thus, blood vessel walls harbor a reserve of progenitor cells that may be integral to the origin of the elusive MSC and other related adult stem cells. (mirm-pitt.net)
- Another pluripotent stem cell source is primary germ cells that, unlike the more advanced progenitor populations of the hermetic epithelium, do not have beta integrin on their surface, but express high activity of the alkaline phosphatase. (iliveok.com)
- It is commonly thought that MDS are a neoplasm caused by the neoplastic transformation of hematopoietic stem or myeloid progenitor cells ( 2 , 3 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- supporting the growth of normal UCB-derived early progenitors (CD34 + CD38 - Lin - cells) and sustaining the adhesion of progenitor cells. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Conversely, forced expression of Esg in intestinal progenitor cells blocks differentiation, locking ISC s in a stem cell state. (embopress.org)
- Cell type‐specific transcriptome analysis combined with Dam‐ ID binding studies identified Esg as a major repressor of differentiation genes in stem and progenitor cells. (embopress.org)
- Ectopic expression of Pdm1 in progenitor cells was sufficient to drive their differentiation into EC s. (embopress.org)
- Esg acts as a repressor of differentiation genes in progenitor cells. (embopress.org)
- Page 640 - A glial progenitor cell that develops in vitro into an astrocyte or an oligodendrocyte depending on culture medium. (google.com.au)
- The identity of mammary stem and progenitor cells remains poorly understood, mainly as a result of the lack of robust markers. (rupress.org)
- Cardiac progenitor/stem cells in mature hearts represent a stylish therapeutic target for heart regeneration though (inter)-relationships among reported cells remain obscure. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Notwithstanding these uncertainties cardiac progenitor/stem cells possess begun to be utilized in human CD118 studies19. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Unlike cells from bone tissue marrow intrinsic progenitor/stem cells surviving in the center are predisposed to convert towards the cardiac muscles lineage after grafting5 and so are uniquely a feasible focus on for activation by developmental catalysts5 18 Existing focus on endogenous cardiac progenitor cells provides chiefly relied on purified but possibly blended populations. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- iii) these muscle-bound primordial stem-cells first part to individual muscles and then differentiate into myogenic and non-myogenic stem cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Also, exposing P19 cells to retinoic acid (RA) can differentiate them into neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The difference between these subtype cell lines is the ability to differentiate into neuronal cells or muscle cells in response to treatment with retinoic acid or DMSO, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Since embryonal carcinoma can differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, P19 cells can also differentiate into those ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-like cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Studies have shown that a certain concentration of RA can induce P19 cells to differentiate into neuronal cells, including neurons and glial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- while 0.5% - 1% DMSO led P19 cells differentiate to cardiac or skeletal muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Other than into neurons and astrocytes, P19 cells can also differentiate to oligodendrocytes, which can be detected using the specific markers, myelin-associated glycoprotein and 2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. (wikipedia.org)
- Stem cells that can differentiate along a neural lineage represent an essential resource and starting material for this process. (hindawi.com)
- One has the potential to renew stem cell identity and continue to divide in an asymmetric manner, whereas the other cell will differentiate along a specific lineage. (stembook.org)
- In the embryo, NBs divide perpendicular to the plane of the neuroepithelium to generate another (apical) NB and a smaller, basally located ganglion mother cell (GMC) that will differentiate into neurons or glia. (stembook.org)
- Therefore, it is necessary for a population of stem cells residing in the epidermis to proliferate, differentiate and replace those lost cells. (mdpi.com)
- Martin and Sprague (2) have recently tabulated some 21 parameters which have been claimed to differentiate between these two classes of cell lines. (springer.com)
- Mononuclear cells can differentiate into tissue and new blood vessels, and secrete a wide variety of proteins and growth factors, said Perin, who is also director of new cardiovascular interventional technology at the Texas Heart Institute. (futurepundit.com)
- The second focus is based on our discovery that BM cells can differentiate into mature epithelial cells of the lung, liver, GI tract and skin. (yale.edu)
- We have shown that RBM15 is downregulated as hematopoietic stem cells differentiate down the myeloid lineage such that megakaryoblasts express low levels of RBM15. (yale.edu)
- When the Human Erythroleukemia (HEL) cell line is induced to differentiate with TPA, overexpression of MKL1 results in an increased number of megakaryocytes with a concurrent increase in ploidy. (yale.edu)
- In 2001, we published our finding that a single bone marrow derived cell could engraft the hematopoietic system and differentiate into mature epithelial cells in mice, and in 2002, we published that the same occurs in humans. (yale.edu)
- The CLP then goes on to differentiate into more committed lymphoid precursor cells. (wikipedia.org)
- There are 2 types of hematopoiesis that occur in humans: Primitive hematopoiesis - blood stem cells differentiate into only a few specialized blood lineages (typically isolated to early fetal development). (wikipedia.org)
- Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are essential bone marrow components that have the potential to differentiate in vitro into tissues along mesenchymal lineages, including bone marrow stroma. (springer.com)
- Stem cells are defined by three important characteristics: the ability to self-renew, to form clonal populations and to differentiate into different cell types. (medsci.org)
- Isolate, expand and differentiate primary cardiac progenitors and hPSCs with muscle laminins. (biolamina.com)
- Prospectively stable clonal cell lines have been isolated from mammalian embryos, from embryonic stem cells and from mammalian bone marrow that can differentiate in vitro into tubular structures with both endothelial and hematopoietic markers such as CD34, CD31, Flk-1, TIE2, P-selectin, Sca-1, thy-1, CD45, and smooth muscle actin. (nus.edu.sg)
- These cells are located between muscle fibers and exist as a heterogeneous population that need to 'self-renew' to maintain the stem cell population, as well as differentiate into myogenic cells that proliferate, differentiate, and fuse to create new muscle fibers. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Here, we investigated the potential of a population of nonadherent muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) from adult mouse muscle to differentiate in vitro into beta cells when transplanted as undifferentiated stem cells in vivo to compensate for beta-cell deficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
- Adult bone marrow stem cells appear to differentiate into muscle tissue skin liver organ lung and neuronal cells in rodents and also have been proven to regenerate myocardium hepatocytes and pores and skin and gastrointestinal epithelium in human beings. (bio-aromatica.com)
- Adult bone marrow stem cells seem able to differentiate into muscle skin liver lung and neural cells in rodents (9-18). (bio-aromatica.com)
- 7 . The method of claim 2 , wherein said culturing step includes the embryonic stem cells proliferating in culture for over one month while maintaining the potential of the stem cells to differentiate into derivatives of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm tissues, and while maintaining the karyotype of the stem cells. (google.com)
- Other important characteristics include growth as multicellular colonies, normal and stable karyotypes, the ability to be continuously passaged, and the capability to differentiate into cells derived from all three embryonic germ layers. (pnas.org)
- To determine if a population of undifferentiated, actively proliferating, non-adherent cells isolated from human conjunctival tissue are potentially stem cells by examining their ability to self-renew, clonally expand, differentiate into various cell lineages and repair injured tissue. (arvojournals.org)
- Undifferentiated conjunctival cells induced to differentiate by seeding them onto gelatin-coated coverslips were evaluated by immunocytochemistry for their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages including epithelial (MUC 5AC, keratins 4 and 7, UEA-1 and HPA lectins), neural (GFAP, MAP 2, synaptophysin) and muscle (α-smooth muscle actin. (arvojournals.org)
- Undifferentiated conjunctival cells were added to wounded human conjunctival fibroblasts (by scraping a portion of cells from the plate) to evaluate their ability to integrate and differentiate into the fibroblast lineage. (arvojournals.org)
- These stem cells were able to differentiate into bone (marker Lin- PDPN+ CD146 + ) and cartilage (marker Lin- PDPN+ CD146 ¯) tissues. (kcl.fyi)
- Unlike the mesenchymal stem cells that can also differentiate into fat, muscle, connective tissue, and blood vessels, these skeletal stem cells were only able to form bone and cartilage tissue. (kcl.fyi)
- The discovery may present a solution to the challenge presented by application mesenchymal stem/stromal cells tissue in stem cell therapy because they also differentiate into other unwanted tissues when injected in human. (kcl.fyi)
- As cells divide and differentiate throughout the lifespan of an organism or cell line, the telomeres become progressively shortened and lose the ability to maintain their length. (nih.gov)
- Given appropriate conditions, stem cells can self-renew for long periods of time while maintaining the ability to differentiate into various functional cell types in the body (1). (schoolbag.info)
- They have limited self-renewal capability and generally can only differentiate into the specialized cell types of the tissue in which they reside. (schoolbag.info)
- Here, we report that metastatic colon cancer contains clonally derived tumor cells with all of the critical properties expected of stem cells, including self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into mature colon cells. (mirm-pitt.net)
- Great progress has been made in understanding how external cues, provided by signaling molecules emanating from stem cell niches, instruct stem cells to either self‐renew or differentiate. (embopress.org)
- Abstract] Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages, including adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. (bio-protocol.org)
- Mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes in extracellular matrices, such as alginate or collagen gel. (bio-protocol.org)
- They divide and differentiate into a range of cell types.Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings in the 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
- In a developing embryo , stem cells can differentiate into all of the specialised embryonic tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Stem cells isolated from various adult organs can self-renew and differentiate into multiple tissue specific cell types. (webgamesday.com)
- ES cells differentiate to all cell lineages in vivo and also differentiate into many cell types in vitro. (webgamesday.com)
- Only recently has it been shown that tissue-specific stem cells could not only differentiate into cells of the tissue of origin but into other lineages. (webgamesday.com)
- 2002) Many studies question this belief or dogma by demonstrating that cells from a given tissue might differentiate into cells of a different tissue. (webgamesday.com)
- Unlike differentiated cells, adult tissue-specific stem cells retain at least a portion of the plasticity of their embryonic counterparts: adult stem cells can both self-renew and differentiate into at least one other cell type within a committed lineage. (spotidoc.com)
- The development of cells within a multi-cellular organism has similarities to the development of populations, and hence is amenable to study using concepts and tools of population genetics. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Yet, cell populations possess unique features that are absent or rare in organism populations (e.g. the presence of stem cells and a small number of generations since the zygote). (weizmann.ac.il)
- This method opens up the possibility of marking and perturbing gene function inducibly in any definable cell populations in the axolotl, a key functionality required for the precise, rigorous understanding of processes such as regeneration. (pnas.org)
- However, due to the lack of targeted gene knockin approaches, it has been difficult to label and manipulate some of the cell populations that are crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying regeneration. (pnas.org)
- Subsequently, asymmetric cell divisions play a critical role in maintaining adult stem cell populations, while at the same time generating an adequate number of differentiating daughter cells to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair. (stembook.org)
- Since that time, we have focused on several important questions regarding this plasticity including which cell populations in the bone marrow are responsible for this plasticity, and how these cells are regulated. (yale.edu)
- Every cell has thousands of different areas of damage in their DNA, and it is becoming apparent that the damage in stem cell populations is cloned out into tissues . (fightaging.org)
- Stress-Induced Changes in Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Populations Revealed through Single-Cell Protein Expression Mapping. (natureindex.com)
- Nevertheless the phenotype of the average person cells in these populations isn't continuous. (cylch.org)
- In today's study we looked into the relationship between your phenotypic change and spatial distribution in clonal populations of principal muscle-derived cells using cell lifestyle experiments and pc simulations. (cylch.org)
- His research program continues to focus on developing genome editing by homologous recombination as curative therapy for children with genetic diseases but also has interests in the clonal dynamics of heterogeneous populations and the use of genome editing to better understand diseases that affect children including infant leukemias and genetic diseases that affect the muscle. (stanford.edu)
- The objectives of our proposal are the isolations of blood-forming and heart-forming stem cells from human embryonic stem cell (hESCs) cultures, and the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that eliminate residual teratogenic cells from transplantable populations of differentiated hESCs. (ca.gov)
- Adult cortical muscle originates from a small number of cardiomyocytes-an average of approximately eight per animal-that display clonal dominance reminiscent of stem cell populations. (zfin.org)
- The color-label technique was originally developed by other biologists and was critical to allow the researchers to track heart cell populations. (blogspot.com)
- Here, we genetically labeled different myeloid populations and unequivocally demonstrated that plaque-associated myeloid cells in the AD brain are derived exclusively from resident microglia, with no contribution from circulating peripheral monocytes. (bioportfolio.com)
- The regulation of muscle cell size is a tightly regulated phenomena, and it is a balance between muscle proliferation and degradation of pre-existing proteins. (frontiersin.org)
- After six to nine days of treatment, the relative neuronal population declines, likely because of faster proliferation of non-neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Design Rats intraperitoneally injected with AFS cells and their controls (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, myoblast) were analysed for survival, behaviour, bowel imaging (MRI scan), histology, bowel absorption and motility, immunofluorescence for AFS cell detection, degree of gut inflammation (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), and enterocyte apoptosis and proliferation. (bmj.com)
- Results AFS cells integrated in the bowel wall and improved rat survival and clinical conditions, decreased NEC incidence and macroscopic gut damage, improved intestinal function, decreased bowel inflammation, increased enterocyte proliferation and reduced apoptosis. (bmj.com)
- We discovered a series of key regulators of stem cell self-renewal that distinguish it from the proliferation of restricted progenitors in the same tissues. (hhmi.org)
- Bmi-1 -deficient neural stem cells exhibit a reduced rate of proliferation. (hhmi.org)
- Approaches to enhance β-cell mass by increasing proliferation and survival are desirable. (diabetesjournals.org)
- That a null mutation in either gene reduces the proliferative potential of cultured myoblasts raises the possibility that Myf-5 and MyoD serve proliferation of muscle precursor cells. (labome.org)
- 1 Until recently, the neointima formation was attributed to uncontrolled proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that migrate from the media and replace the intima of affected arteries. (ahajournals.org)
- Scientists demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via VEGFR2/STAT3-mediated upregulating the proliferation of markers like Cyclin D1 and PCNA. (musclecellnews.com)
- Until recently, it was assumed that all neovascularization develops from activation, migration, and proliferation of resident endothelial cells. (arvojournals.org)
- Also disclosed are compositions capable of supporting the culture and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells without the need for feeder cells or for exposure of the medium to feeder cells. (google.com)
- By counting cardiomyocytes and c-kit+ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) undergoing apoptosis, cellular senescence and proliferation, the authors concluded that from 20 to 100 years of age, the entire cardiomyocyte compartment of women is replaced 15 times, whereas that of men is renewed 11 times. (intechopen.com)
- Although implicated in carcinogenesis, they inhibit the proliferation of a variety of normal cell types, and their role in diverse human diseases is not fully understood. (jci.org)
- Here, we report that p27 Kip1 plays a major role in cardiovascular disease through its effects on the proliferation of bone marrow-derived (BM-derived) immune cells that migrate into vascular lesions. (jci.org)
- Taken together, these findings suggest that vascular repair and regeneration is regulated by the proliferation of BM-derived hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells through a p27 Kip1 -dependent mechanism and that immune cells largely mediate these effects. (jci.org)
- Arterial healing requires the coordinated temporal and spatial expression of proteins that regulate vascular cell proliferation. (jci.org)
- Our results also uncover a role for the Notch3 receptor in restricting the proliferation and consequent clonal expansion of these cells. (rupress.org)
- Our lab pioneered the concept, the mathematical foundations, as well as the implementation of utilizing somatic mutations naturally acquired by individual cells, to reconstruct cell lineage trees among cells of multi-cellular organisms and applied it to various questions of biological and medical importance. (weizmann.ac.il)
- In particular, the reconstruction of a cell lineage tree, capturing the cell division history of organism cells, can be attempted by applying algorithms and techniques of population genetics to somatic mutations accumulated during cell division. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Our group developed a method for reconstructing cell lineage trees using highly unstable microsatellite loci. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Overall, our study demonstrates the reliability of cell lineage reconstruction for the study of stem cell dynamics, and it further addresses open questions in colon stem cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Lineage analysis of muscle-bound primordial stem cells from myofiber-associated myogenic and nonmyogenic progenitors. (weizmann.ac.il)
- We applied a method for reconstructing cell lineage trees from somatic mutations to MSCs and myogenic and non-myogenic cells from individual myofiber that were cultured at clonal density. (weizmann.ac.il)
- ii) myofiber-associated non-myogenic and myogenic cells share the same muscle-bound primordial stem cells of a lineage distinct from bone marrow MSCs. (weizmann.ac.il)
- We analyze acquired somatic mutations to reconstruct lineage trees of hundreds of oocytes and other cells, sampled from mismatch-repair deficient mice at various ages. (weizmann.ac.il)
- We discovered that in the reconstructed lineage trees oocytes cluster distinctly from cells of bone marrow origin, show no lineage barrier between ovaries and increase in depth (number of cell divisions since the zygote) with mouse age, an increase accelerated after unilateral ovariectomy. (weizmann.ac.il)
- In the current study, a high-throughput method that utilizes neutral somatic mutations accumulated in individual cells to reconstruct cell lineage trees was applied to hundreds of cells of human acute leukemia harvested from multiple patients at diagnosis and at relapse. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Cell tracking has demonstrated the existence of lineage-specific progenitors giving rise to corresponding regenerated tissues ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
- Cell lineage tracing demonstrates that col1a2 + MPCs contribute to new myofibers in normal muscle growth and also during muscle regeneration. (biologists.org)
- The concept of "master genes" controlling cell fate by activating a suite of lineage-specific genes was compelling, and molecular detectives had eagerly enlisted to track down the dictators. (jimmunol.org)
- The approach initially taken was to clone a lineage-specific transcription factor and test whether its ectopic expression was capable of compelling another cell type to switch lineage identity. (jimmunol.org)
- Lineage Tracing Reveals a Subset of Reserve Muscle Stem Cells Capable of Clonal Expansion under Stress. (natureindex.com)
- Lineage Tracing in Humans Enabled by Mitochondrial Mutations and Single-Cell Genomics. (natureindex.com)
- Dulauroy S, Di Carlo S, Langa F, Eberl G, Peduto L. Lineage tracing and genetic ablation of ADAM12(+) perivascular cells identify a major source of profibrotic cells during acute tissue injury. (labome.org)
- Lescroart F, Kelly R, Le Garrec J, Nicolas J, Meilhac S, Buckingham M. Clonal analysis reveals common lineage relationships between head muscles and second heart field derivatives in the mouse embryo. (labome.org)
- Sacco's research team used a technology called in vivo multi lineage tracing to follow the self-renewal capacity and range of progeny produced by individual stem cells. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- An illustration of the skeletal stem cells lineage as published by Chan et al. (kcl.fyi)
- For isolation of progenitors, we hypothesized that precursors derived from hESCs could be identified and isolated using mAbs that label unique combinations of lineage-specific cell surface molecules. (ca.gov)
- As juvenile zebrafish mature into adults, this structure becomes fully enveloped by a new lineage of cortical muscle. (zfin.org)
- This concept is known as the 'disposable soma' theory, the soma consisting of all those parts of body which do not form a part of the reproductive cell lineage, or germ-line (the germ-line must of course be maintained to a high standard, else the reproductive lineage would die out over successive generations). (encyclopedia.com)
- Stem cell dynamics in vivo are often being studied by lineage tracing methods. (prolekare.cz)
- Our laboratory has previously developed a retrospective method for reconstructing cell lineage trees from somatic mutations accumulated in microsatellites. (prolekare.cz)
- Our laboratory developed a method that utilizes somatic microsatellite (MS) mutations for reconstructing cell lineage trees - . (prolekare.cz)
- The distances between the genomic signatures of different cells, as measured using various mathematical methods , can then be used to reconstruct the organism's cell lineage tree. (prolekare.cz)
- The MS mutation rate of these mice is much higher than that of wild type, thus increasing the precision of the cell lineage analysis. (prolekare.cz)
- Using a conditionally inducible Notch3-CreERT2 SAT transgenic mouse, we genetically marked Notch3-expressing cells throughout mammary gland development and followed their lineage in vivo. (rupress.org)
- More recent studies afforded new insights into the morphogenesis of the mammary epithelium, revealing hierarchical cell lineage relationships. (rupress.org)
- Although the adipogenic lineage-specific marker gene FABP4 was also expressed in micromass cultures, Oil Red O-positive cells along with PPARγ2 transcripts were only detected in C3H10T1/2-derived micromass cultures. (mdpi.com)
- Apart from lineage-specific marker genes, pluripotency factors ( Nanog and Sox2 ) were also expressed in these models, reflecting on the presence of various mesenchymal lineages as well as undifferentiated cells. (mdpi.com)
- In vitro induction of undifferentiated hESC to functionally mature blood cells may mimic the early hematopoietic development during human embryonic and fetal stages. (intechopen.com)
- So far until now, in vitro hESC-derived blood cells possess phenotypical maturity and partial functions while still more or less share embryonic/fetal characteristics, differing greatly from their adult counterparts. (intechopen.com)
- In vitro and in vivo cell and molecular approaches will help us to better understand hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. (yale.edu)
- To address the clonal origin of these lineages, we isolated Nkx2.5 (+) cells from in vitro differentiated murine embryonic stem cells and found approximately 28% of these cells expressed c-kit . (xenbase.org)
- Combining stem cells with biomaterial scaffolds serves as a promising strategy for engineering tissues for both in vitro and in vivo applications. (iospress.com)
- Striking and unexpected insight came when Nutt and his colleagues tried differentiating Pax5-deficient pro-B cells on stromal cells in vitro ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Since it successfully replicates the specific human stem cell niche in vitro, it makes it the optimal matrix for efficient generation and robust large-scale expansion of human ES and iPS cells (Rodin et al. (biolamina.com)
- In vitro, cultured MDSC spontaneously differentiated into insulin-expressing islet-like cell clusters as revealed using MDSC from transgenic mice expressing GFP or mCherry under the control of an insulin promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
- These data show that MDSC are capable of differentiating into mature pancreatic beta islet-like cells, not only upon culture in vitro, but also in vivo after systemic injection in STZ-induced diabetic mouse models. (biomedcentral.com)
- The pluripotency of ES and EG cells can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo . (pnas.org)
- In addition, mouse ES cells have been used to generate in vitro cultures of neurons ( 26 ), skeletal muscle ( 27 ), and vascular endothelial cells ( 28 ). (pnas.org)
- To mimic myocardial I/R injury, they established a hypoxia/reoxygenation model in H9C2 cells and neonatal rat ventricle myocytes in vitro . (musclecellnews.com)
- Currently available in vitro models to study human cell biology, human tissue organization or human diseases often fail to correctly recapitulate the in vivo cell behaviour, resulting in not fully representative systems. (vimm.it)
- Cells from many tissues can be propagated in vitro (in culture outside the body) and normal cells grown in this way have finite replicative life spans. (encyclopedia.com)
- Moreover, hPSC-derived motor neurons were able to form neuromuscular junctions with human myotubes in vitro and induced acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering, as detected by Alexa 555-conjugated α-Bungarotoxin (α-BTX), suggesting that these hPSC-derived motor neurons formed functional contacts with skeletal muscles. (biomedcentral.com)
- In particular, neural cells derived from disease-specific hiPSCs from patients with neurological disorders have been especially useful as in vitro disease models recapitulating in vivo pathogenesis, as cells in the nervous system cannot be usually obtained from patients themselves. (biomedcentral.com)
- Objective The present study addresses the question, "Are plaque smooth muscles cells (SMCs) genetically distinct from medial SMCs as reflected by the ability to maintain a distinctive expression phenotype in vitro? (39kf.com)
- Muscle regeneration was attempted by means transplantation of myogenic cells (from myoblast to embryonic stem cells) and also by interfering with the malignant processes that originate in pathological tissues, such as uncontrolled fibrosis and inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
- Organs, tissues and cell types. (wiley-vch.de)
- We used extensive measurements of somatic mutations in individual single cells isolated from different healthy and diseased tissues from mice and humans. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Single-cell data provide a means to dissect the composition of complex tissues and specialized cellular environments. (springernature.com)
- Single-cell omics approaches provide high-resolution data on cellular phenotypes, developmental dynamics and communication networks in diverse tissues and conditions. (springernature.com)
- Self-renewal is the process by which stem cells divide to make more stem cells, perpetuating stem cells throughout life in adult tissues. (hhmi.org)
- We also identified ways in which self-renewal mechanisms change with age, conferring temporal changes in stem cell properties that match the changing growth and regeneration demands of tissues. (hhmi.org)
- Tissue homeostasis in adults is maintained by adult stem cells resident in the niches of different tissues. (mdpi.com)
- Other stem cells play a similar role to maintain regeneration in other tissues, however, due to their superficial location, epidermal stem cells are more easily accessible and thus provide a highly valuable tool for either stem cell research or regenerative medicine. (mdpi.com)
- This updated review details commonly used biomaterial scaffolds for engineering tissues from stem cells. (iospress.com)
- Stem cells maintain tissues by providing a supply of somatic cells , and those somatic cells divide many times before they reach the Hayflick limit . (fightaging.org)
- The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (biologists.org)
- Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. (springer.com)
- Devine SM, Cobbs C, Jennings M et al (2003) Mesenchymal stem cells distribute to a wide range of tissues following systemic infusion into nonhuman primates. (springer.com)
- The use of stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine has emerged in the last years due to their capacity to restore and maintain normal function via direct effects on injured or dysfunctional tissues [ 18 ]. (medsci.org)
- Stem cells may also show therapeutic effects by the secretion of a variety of bioactive factors (e.g. anti-apoptotic, neovascularization, etc.) that may have effects on innate tissues [ 18 - 19 ]. (medsci.org)
- Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCL12 is a peptide chemokine initially identified in bone marrow-derived stromal cells and now recognized to be expressed in stromal tissues in multiple organs ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Malignant cancer cells also express CXCR4, and their survival and migration to distant tissues is promoted by SDF-1 ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The findings in this paper also have significant implications for regenerative medicine, including techniques where stem cells are used to create specific tissues that are then implanted into the body to repair damage. (phys.org)
- The ability of those injected cells to survive and integrate into native tissues depends on the competitive ability - the fitness - of those cells. (phys.org)
- A detour on the road to regenerative medicine for people with muscular disorders is figuring out how to coax muscle stem cells to fuse together and form functioning skeletal muscle tissues. (musclecellnews.com)
- Undifferentiated conjunctival cells were evaluated by immunocytochemistry for their expression of markers used to identify stem cells in other tissues. (arvojournals.org)
- Serious attempts at the culture of whole tissues and isolated cells were first undertaken in the early 1900s as a technique for investigating the behavior of animal cells in an isolated and highly controlled environment. (fsu.edu)
- African Green Monkey Kidney Cell Lines - The African green monkey has been a common subject of scientific inquiry for many years and cells from the tissues of this species, Cercopithecus aethiops , along with those of the rhesus monkey, have been used to produce polio vaccines since the 1950s. (fsu.edu)
- We discovered four precursor types from early stages of differentiating cells, each expressing genes indicative of commitment to either embryonic or extraembryonic tissues. (ca.gov)
- Telomerase activity and long telomeres are characteristic of proliferating cells in embryonic tissues and of germ cells. (nih.gov)
- Evolution theory therefore supports the view that ageing arises principally through the gradual accumulation of random (or stochastic ) faults in somatic cells and tissues. (encyclopedia.com)
- Our understanding of cellular aspects of ageing is focused on how cells change during the course of the life span, on the mechanisms that underly these changes, and on how changes at the cell level may affect the functions of tissues and organs. (encyclopedia.com)
- in vivo Within the living body, cells age in very different ways, associated with the proliferative status of the tissues in which they are found. (encyclopedia.com)
- Perivascular cells purified from skeletal muscle or nonmuscle tissues were myogenic in culture and in vivo. (mirm-pitt.net)
- embryonic stem cells , and adult stem cells , which are found in adult tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- In adult organisms, stem cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of blood , skin , and intestinal tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- A fertilized egg is capable not only of forming cells of the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm layer, and germ cells, but also the supporting extraembryonic tissues required for the survival of the developing embryo. (webgamesday.com)
- FOXO transcription factors Adult stem cells in tissue maintenance Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the physiology and function of adult tissues. (spotidoc.com)
- Adult stem cell niches have now been identified in most adult tissues in mammals, including the highly regenerative blood (Morrison and Weissman, 1994, Morrison et al. (spotidoc.com)
- Tissues with continuous high turnover, such as the blood and gut, rely heavily on robust stem cell pools (Morrison et al. (spotidoc.com)
- 2007). In tissues with notably less cell turnover, adult stem cells play important roles in response to environmental stimuli. (spotidoc.com)
- 2010). Even for tissues with low turnover and regenerative capacity in response to injury, such as the brain, stem cells may play important roles in the adaptive nature of the tissue. (spotidoc.com)
- Tissue Culture of Skeletal Muscle. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Although physiological properties of skeletal muscle tissue are now well known, no treatments are effective for these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- Written by a prominent leader in the field, The Science of Stem Cells is an ideal course book for advanced undergraduates or graduate students studying stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and other topics of science and biology. (wiley-vch.de)
- Advances in nervous system tissue engineering technology have led to efforts to build Schwann cell scaffolds to overcome this and enhance the regenerative capacity of neurons following injury. (hindawi.com)
- In this review, we discuss the different stem cell types that are showing promise for nervous system tissue engineering in the context of peripheral nerve injury. (hindawi.com)
- Since the use of allogeneic Schwann cells requires a source of nerve tissue, it is affected by the same factors that limit the autograft. (hindawi.com)
- Previous laboratory research has shown that mononuclear cells taken from bone marrow then injected into human tissue can promote growth in oxygen-deprived tissue. (futurepundit.com)
- Tissue engineering combines biomaterial scaffolds with these different types of cells to replace damaged organs. (iospress.com)
- Functional, working rejuvenation biotechnologies based on periodic repair of the cell and tissue damage that causes aging will instead postpone aging in the young, and restore health and youthful ability to the old. (fightaging.org)
- So the mutations present in a stem cell will over time propagate into a fraction of the supported tissue. (fightaging.org)
- The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (biologists.org)
- These results demonstrate, at the biochemical, morphological and ultrastructural levels, the multipotency of cMSCs and thus highlight their potential therapeutic value for cell-based tissue engineering. (springer.com)
- Cancedda R, Dozin B, Giannoni P, Quarto R (2003) Tissue engineering and cell therapy of cartilage and bone. (springer.com)
- RESULTS- CXCR4 is expressed in β-cells, and SDF-1 is expressed in microvascular endothelial cells within the islets and in surrounding interstitial stromal tissue. (diabetesjournals.org)
- SDF-1 and CXCR4 modulate cell migration and survival during development and tissue remodeling ( 4 , 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- A major function of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is chemoattraction during leukocyte trafficking and stem cell homing, in which local tissue gradients of SDF-1 attract circulating hematopoietic and tissue-committed somatic stem cells ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Muscle stem cells undergo extensive clonal drift during tissue growth via Meox1-Mediated induction of G2 cell-cycle arrest. (armi.org.au)
- These cells can be transplanted to the site of tissue injury or tissue degeneration (whatever be the underlying disease condition) and used for treatment. (news-medical.net)
- Our study is one of the first to look at muscle stem cells in their native tissue with resolution at the level of a single clone,' says Alessandra Sacco, Ph.D., professor at SBP. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Then, we can use this information to create new approaches designed to specifically prevent muscle stem cell loss and/or dysfunction linked to sarcopenia -- the medical term for age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength -- or in association with muscle diseases that are characterized by chronic tissue damage, such as dystrophies,' adds Sacco. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Uchida (8) isolated CNS stem cells from human fetal tissue and transplanted them into the brains of mice where they subsequently proliferated and differentiated into neuronal cells. (bio-aromatica.com)
- Clonal analysis consisted of seeding one cell per tissue culture well of a 48-well and tracking its cell division. (arvojournals.org)
- Adult human conjunctival tissue is endowed with a population of cells that can be isolated and exhibit many characteristics of stem cells. (arvojournals.org)
- The best part of the discovery is that these stem cells can be isolated from the adipose tissue which is readily available from liposuction procedures. (kcl.fyi)
- The term tissue culture arose because most of the early cells were derived from primary tissue explants, a technique that dominated the field for over 50 years. (fsu.edu)
- Normal African Green Monkey Kidney Fibroblast Cells (CV-1) - The CV-1 cell line was initiated in March of 1964 by F. C. Jensen and his colleagues with a tissue section excised from the kidney of a normal adult male African green monkey ( Cercopithecus aethiops ). (fsu.edu)
- Cancer research in stem cell pathways has focused on how niche-derived cues affect epithelial identity, tissue morphogenesis, and metastasis. (mssm.edu)
- A number of congenital or acquired pathologies can lead to a considerable loss of the muscle mass, which cannot be correctly repaired by the regenerative machinery of the tissue or other treatments, leading to loss of muscle function. (vimm.it)
- 1 The H9.1 and H9.2 clonal cell lines were produced by first plating 105 of the parent H9 cells per well in tissue-culture plates. (nih.gov)
- The cell type most commonly studied is the fibroblast , a constituent of connective tissue, which grows readily in culture. (encyclopedia.com)
- It is these characteristics that not only make stem cells a useful system in which to study tissue and organ development but also give them great potential for regenerative medicine. (schoolbag.info)
- Adult stem cells are undifferentiated (unspecialized) cells that are found in differentiated, or specialized, tissue. (schoolbag.info)
- These cells function as the "reservoir" for cell/tissue renewal during normal homeostasis or tissue regeneration. (schoolbag.info)
- For example, the bone marrow is a mesoderm-derived tissue that consists of a complex hematopoietic cellular system supported by stromal cells embedded in a complex extracellular matrix. (schoolbag.info)
- We have prospectively identified perivascular cells, principally pericytes, in multiple human organs including skeletal muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue and placenta, on CD146, NG2 and PDGF-Rβ expression and absence of hematopoietic, endothelial and myogenic cell markers. (mirm-pitt.net)
- Irrespective of their tissue origin, long-term cultured perivascular cells retained myogenicity, exhibited, at the clonal level, osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic potentials, expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers and migrated in a culture model of chemotaxis. (mirm-pitt.net)
- These methods require generation of transgenic animals, development of sophisticated imaging modalities, and are contingent on the availability of stem cells in a specific tissue , . (prolekare.cz)
- Adipose tissue is not an inert cell mass contributing only to the storage of fat, but a sophisticated ensemble of cellular components with highly specialized and complex functions. (nature.com)
- Although adipocytes have been recognized as secretory cells with endocrine functions for some time, the importance of macrophages and stromal vascular cells within the adipose tissue of obese animals and humans is now well accepted. (nature.com)
- Furthermore, analysis of the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervations of adipose tissue revealed that the autonomic nervous system modulates the fat cell number and other processes, such as adipokine expression levels, lipogenesis/lipolysis, fatty acid uptake, and glucose uptake. (nature.com)
- Abstract] Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted significant attention as potential therapeutic cells to treat various diseases ranging from tissue injuries, graft versus host disease, degenerative diseases and cancer. (bio-protocol.org)
- Abstract] Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are invaluable cell sources for understanding stem cell biology and potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (bio-protocol.org)
- Stem cells can be grown in tissue culture . (wikipedia.org)
- Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. (bioportfolio.com)
- If true this would suggest that understanding that postnatal stem cells give rise to only cells of the tissue of origin may not be correct. (webgamesday.com)
- This ability of a tissue-specific stem cell to acquire the fate of a cell type different from the original tissue has been termed adult stem cell plasticity, although no consensus exists to what the exact definition should be. (webgamesday.com)
- In addition to changes in the biology of postmitotic cells, aspects of mammalian tissue aging may be attributable to a loss of regenerative capacity of adult stem cells. (spotidoc.com)
- 1999). Adult tissue stem cells play important roles in overall tissue homeostasis and repair in response to injury. (spotidoc.com)
- The contribution of adult stem cells to tissue maintenance depends on the properties of the tissue itself. (spotidoc.com)
- The lack of supportive Schwann cells or their inability to maintain a regenerative phenotype is a major factor. (hindawi.com)
- Following a nerve transection injury, denervated Schwann cells in the distal part of the nerve adopt a regenerative phenotype and provide support to regenerating axons from the proximal stump. (hindawi.com)
- In the case of chronic denervation, distal Schwann cells can lose their regenerative capacity, which can lead to incomplete regeneration [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Although its biology is still largely unclarified, epidermal stem cells are widely used in stem cell research and regenerative medicine given its easy accessibility and pluripotency. (mdpi.com)
- Since the initial publication of our STEMBOOK chapter in 2008 [ 1 ], the field of stem biology has advanced rapidly as such regenerative medicine strategies move into clinical trials for a variety of health disorders [ 2 ]. (iospress.com)
- The identification of precise paracrine signals that drive the cell-fate decision of these multipotent progenitors, and the development of novel approaches to deliver these signals in vivo, are critical steps towards unlocking their regenerative therapeutic potential. (nih.gov)
- These engineered human ventricular muscles can be great tools for regenerative therapy of human ventricular damage as well as drug screening and ventricular-specific disease modeling in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, repairing the damaged ventricular cardiac muscles is the central quest for current cardiac regenerative therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Stem cells hold great promise for the treatment of many devastating diseases and will also provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control developmental and regenerative processes. (schoolbag.info)
- Such molecules will not only provide new insights into stem cell biology but will also facilitate the development of therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine. (schoolbag.info)
- Trainees and HQP interested in connecting with experts and leaders the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine should gather in the Governor General III Room for this valuable networking and career building event. (cvent.com)
- 2007) and mammary gland (Visvader, 2009), as well as the less regenerative skeletal and cardiac muscle (Beltrami et al. (spotidoc.com)
- Light-controlled cardiac muscle cells guide swimming of raybot. (sciencemag.org)
- Dr. Wu also conduct research in cardiac developmental biology/congenital heart disease, stem cell biology and translation of stem cells into new treatments for congenital heart disease, adult heart failure and rhythm disorders. (stanford.edu)
- Also, it is the most characterized embryonic carcinoma (EC) cell line that can be induced into cardiac muscle cells and neuronal cells by different specific treatments. (wikipedia.org)
- When treated with DMSO, Cardiac muscle cells developed after 5 days of exposure and skeletal muscle cells appeared after 8 days of exposure. (wikipedia.org)
- These results demonstrate for the first time that transplantation of a person s own stem cells through direct intracoronary injection increased cardiac function, blood flow and metabolism in the damaged zone, said senior author Bodo E. Strauer, M.D., professor of medicine at Heinrich Heine University in D sseldorf, Germany. (futurepundit.com)
- To explore the relationship between developmental fate and potential, we isolated a cardiac-specific Nkx2.5 (+) cell population from the developing mouse embryo . (xenbase.org)
- In the area of cardiovascular applications, the major challenge in using iPSCs has been poor cell engraftment: iPSCs have consistently not shown long-term survival, engraftment to the host myocardium and successful integration with the cardiac syncytium. (news-medical.net)
- Distinct families of multipotent heart progenitors play a central role in the generation of diverse cardiac, smooth muscle and endothelial cell lineages during mammalian cardiogenesis. (nih.gov)
- By comparing angiocrine factors expressed by the human OFT-ECs and non-cardiac ECs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A was identified as the most abundantly expressed factor, and clonal assays documented its ability to drive endothelial specification of human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived Isl1+ progenitors in a VEGF receptor-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
- We have generated hESC-lines that express the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2, and have found that these cells produce significantly greater amounts of hematopoietic and cardiac cells, because of their increased survival during culturing and sorting. (ca.gov)
- Our results illuminate the dynamic proliferative behaviours that generate adult cardiac structure, revealing clonal dominance as a key mechanism that shapes a vertebrate organ. (zfin.org)
- The growth of the zebrafish heart from embryo to adult is tracked using colored cardiac muscle clones, each containing many cellular progeny of a single cardiac muscle cell. (blogspot.com)
- Here, a large clone of green cardiac muscle cells (top) expands over the surface of many smaller clones in a growing heart. (blogspot.com)
- The most surprising aspect of this work is that a very small number of cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) in the growing animal can give rise to the thousands of cardiomyocytes that form the wall of the cardiac ventricle," said Vikas Gupta, lead author, who is in the Duke Medical Scientist Training Program for MD and PhD degrees. (blogspot.com)
- For example, following transplantation of donor bone marrow (BM) or enriched hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into allogeneic recipients, skeletal myoblasts, cardiac myoblasts, endothelium, hepatic and biliary duct epithelium, lung, gut and skin epithelia, and neuroectodermal cells of donor origin have been detected (Verfaillie et al. (webgamesday.com)
- Where clonal development was reported this is achieved at a prevalence ≤0 frequently.1% for fresh cells or contingent on prior version to lifestyle10 20 21 22 23 24 In a single research only 0.03% of adult cardiac Sca1+ cells proliferated beyond 14 times20. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Linens of clonally expanded Sca1+ cells improve cardiac function after infarction21. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Tracking cell progeny with Cre recombinase suggests that Sca1-fated cells generate cardiac muscle mass JTC-801 during normal ageing3 and that Sca1+ cells are a major source of fresh myocytes after ischaemic injury2. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Here we have dissected the cardiac Sca1+ cells-based on their SP phenotype PECAM-1 (CD31) and PDGFRα-using single-cell manifestation profiles and demanding clonal analysis. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- JTC-801 Results A cardiogenic signature in SP cells by single-cell profiling To address the innate heterogeneity of the cardiac Sca1+ populace single-cell qRT-PCR (PCR with quantitative reverse transcription) was performed on new cells obviating potential bias from growth. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Given JTC-801 that adult cardiac Sca1+ cells are enriched for SP cells with cardiogenic potential was indicated in all Sca1+ SP and non-SP cells as expected using their purification via Sca1 (Fig. 1b c). was not portrayed in myocytes which acquired near-uniform appearance of sarcomeric genes (and JTC-801 and was even more rarely discovered. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Parting visualized by primary component (Computer)2 and Computer3 was due to four subsets of genes which collectively define the primary distinctions (and (ref. 30) just 8 of 43 cardiac SP cells portrayed all four-a 'mosaic' transcription aspect phenotype in >80% from the cells. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Culture of Human Brain Tumors on an Extracellular Matrix Derived from Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells and Cultured Human Glioma Cells. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Endothelial cells form a thin lining in blood vessels, providing an interface between the vessel and blood. (futurepundit.com)
- As the embryo requires rapid oxygenation due to its high mitotic activity, these islands are the main source of red blood cell (RBC) production via fusing endothelial cells (ECs) with the developing embryonic circulation. (wikipedia.org)
- A year later, Choi showed that blast cells derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells displayed common gene expression of both hematopoietic and endothelial precursors. (wikipedia.org)
- SDF-1 is expressed in both endothelial and mesenchymal cells ( 10 - 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Cultured primary endothelial cells express SDF-1, where it is required for the regulation of branching morphogenesis ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- However, other reports suggest that endothelial cells display SDF-1 by the transcytosis of SDF-1 produced by perivascular fibroblast-like cells ( 13 , 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Haematopoietic stem cell induction by somite-derived endothelial cells controlled by meox1. (armi.org.au)
- Many of them had been nonneuronal (endothelial cells and cells in the white matter) but neurons had been certainly tagged specifically in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. (bio-aromatica.com)
- The bovine pulmonary artery endothelial ( BPAE ) cells presented in the digital image above were resident in an adherent culture stained for F-actin with Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin (green fluorescence), and for DNA with the bis-benzimidazole dye Hoechst 33258 (blue fluorescence). (fsu.edu)
- 1984)). According to the IdU study, the turnover rate of cardiomyocytes is 22% per year (20% and 13% for fibroblasts and endothelial cells, respectively). (intechopen.com)
- This organ is not only composed of lipid-laden mature adipocytes and adipocyte precursors called preadipocytes, but also comprises a stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which includes blood cells, endothelial cells and macrophages. (nature.com)
- Myeloid SOCS3 Deficiency Regulates Angiogenesis via Enhanced Apoptotic Endothelial Cell Engulfment. (bioportfolio.com)
- YAP1 and TAZ negatively control bone angiogenesis by limiting hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in endothelial cells. (mpg.de)
- The present invention relates to an isolated nucleic acid molecule (polynucleotide) which encodes a human receptor tyrosine kinase, KDR, which is expressed on human endothelial cells. (google.es)
- Vascular endothelial cells form a luminal non-thrombogenic monolayer throughout the vascular system. (google.es)
- Angiogenesis involves the proteolytic degradation of the basement membrane on which endothelial cells reside followed by the subsequent chemotactic migration and mitosis of these cells to support sustained growth of a new capillary shoot. (google.es)
- One class of mitogens selective for vascular endothelial cells include vascular endothelial growth factor (referred to as VEGF or VEGF-A) and the homologues placenta growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B and VEGF-C. (google.es)
- 7. Genetic modification and labelling of cell lineages. (wiley-vch.de)
- The illuminating conclusion was that Pax5 not only activated vital B cell-specific genes, it also suppressed genes normally expressed in multiple other hematopoietic cell lineages (see Ref. 15 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Perhaps the most definitive in vivo test of developmental potential would be a demonstrated contribution to all cell lineages in a chimeric animal, but this test is not practical or possible for all species and cannot be done with human cells. (pnas.org)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), the most important component of marrow microenvironment, have been defined as primitive, non-hematopoietic cells residing primarily in bone marrow, and capable of giving rise to different cell lineages, including fat, muscle, cartilage, bone, and fibroblasts ( 5 - 7 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- For example, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were viewed to only contribute to lineages that are part of the hematopoietic system i.e. (webgamesday.com)
- Thus, RBM15 plays a role in hematopoiesis by maintaining myeloid cells in an undifferentiated state, and this activity is mediated by inhibition of Notch signaling. (yale.edu)
- The pioneering work of Till and McCulloch in 1961 experimentally confirmed the development of blood cells from a single precursor hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), creating the framework for the field of hematopoiesis to be studied over the following decades. (wikipedia.org)
- In an appropriate microenvironment, the cells incorporate into the vasculature and participate in hematopoiesis. (nus.edu.sg)
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal malignant stem cell disorders characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenia and risk of progression to acute leukemia ( 1 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Taking into account the advances in the isolation of new subpopulation of stem cells and in the creation of artificial stem cell niches, we discuss how these emerging technologies offer great promises for therapeutic approaches to muscle diseases and muscle wasting associated with aging. (frontiersin.org)
- Stem cells have become a therapeutic option for other intestinal diseases, which share some features with NEC. (bmj.com)
- There is a growing body of evidence that stem cells could play a therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel diseases and other intestinal pathologies. (bmj.com)
- This work demonstrates the ability to gain new insights into the etiology of disease as well as the ability to identify new potential therapeutic approaches by studying the regulation of stem cell function. (hhmi.org)
- Muscle stem cells hold a great therapeutic potential in regenerating damaged muscles. (biologists.org)
- Leung AY, Kwong YL (2010) Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current concepts and novel therapeutic strategies. (springer.com)
- For this reason, iPSCs can potentially replace stem cells in the field of therapeutic medicine. (news-medical.net)
- The findings, published in Cell Stem Cell, have important implications for therapeutic strategies to regenerate skeletal muscle in response to the normal wear and tear of aging, or in cases of injury or muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Therapeutic strategies to maintain muscle mass and strength in seniors will most likely need to differ from those for patients with degenerative diseases. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Our aim is to develop new therapeutic strategies for volumetric muscle loss condition, as well as clarify the role of specific cellular and extrinsic components essential for functional muscle regeneration. (vimm.it)
- The main objective of our proposal is to isolate therapeutic stem cells and progenitors from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that give rise to blood and heart cells. (ca.gov)
- In addition, we aim to develop mAbs that specifically bind to undifferentiated hESCs for removal of residual teratoma-initiating cells from therapeutic cell preparations, to ensure transplantation safety. (ca.gov)
- The origin of these cells has been controversial and is of therapeutic importance. (bioportfolio.com)
- Single-Cell Analysis of the Liver Epithelium Reveals Dynamic Heterogeneity and an Essential Role for YAP in Homeostasis and Regeneration. (natureindex.com)
- This allowed us to probe the dynamic heterogeneity of the cells, a measure of their flexibility to respond to exercise, injury, and the normal wear and tear that occurs with aging. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Using this approach, we found surprising differences in the degree to which stem cells can maintain this heterogeneity, depending on what they are asked to do. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- How does individual cell heterogeneity affect cell fate? (vimm.it)
- ժҪ: Plaque cells replicated slightly faster than medial cells, with a population doubling time of 5 versus 7 Smooth muscle cell heterogeneity: role of specific smooth muscle cell subpopulations in pulmonary vascular disease Smooth muscle cells isolated from discrete compartments of the mature vas. (39kf.com)
- In the Research Article "Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo," author Dhanushika Ratnayake's given name was incorrectly listed as Dhananjani in the First Release version. (sciencemag.org)
- However, the in vivo behavior of muscle stem cells during muscle growth and regeneration is still poorly understood. (biologists.org)
- Dexter observed that mesenchymal stromal cells could maintain early HSCs ex vivo, and both Lord and Gong showed that these cells localized to the endosteal margins in long bones. (wikipedia.org)
- Asymmetric division of clonal muscle stem cells coordinates muscle regeneration in vivo. (armi.org.au)
- To determine whether VEGF-A might serve as an in vivo cell-fate switch for human ESC-derived Isl1-ECs, we established a novel approach using chemically modified mRNA as a platform for transient, yet highly efficient expression of paracrine factors in cardiovascular progenitors. (nih.gov)
- We use microfluidic cell culture systems coupled with 3D scaffolds and patterning to mimic the in vivo environment and have a close look to cell behaviour. (vimm.it)
- The role of 3D environment in stem cell identity, organogenesis and homeostasis is an established concept that brought life scientists and engineers to develop new strategies for cell culture systems able to mimic in vivo conditions. (vimm.it)
- It has been very difficult to duplicate disease in in vivo models by transplanting hematopoietic cells from MDS patients into immunodeficient mice ( 4 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Introduces all of the essential cell biology and developmental biology background for the study of s. (wiley-vch.de)
- Stem cell biology has huge potential for advancing therapies for many distressing and recalcitrant diseases, and its potential will be realized most quickly when as many people as possible have a good grounding in the science of stem cells. (wiley-vch.de)
- This data is nicely presented in an article published in Nature Cell Biology by the groups of Drs. Austin Smith and Jennifer Nichols where they also show that laminin-511 is crucial for acquisition of naive pluripotency (Boroviak et al. (biolamina.com)
- A new study led by researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP) describes the biology behind why muscle stem cells respond differently to aging or injury. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- As established cell lines emerged, the application of well-defined normal and transformed cells in biomedical investigations has become an important staple in the development of cellular and molecular biology. (fsu.edu)
- Cancer progression from initiation to metastasis development is intimately linked to stem cell biology. (mssm.edu)
- Dr. Aguirre-Ghiso's work focuses on understanding the biology of residual cancer cells that persist in a dormant state after initial therapy. (mssm.edu)
- The scientists were surprised by how few cells went into making a critical organ structure and they suspect that other organs may form in a similar fashion, said Kenneth Poss, PhD, professor in the Duke Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute. (blogspot.com)
- Although tremendous efforts have been put into these areas, it is clear that a better understanding of stem cell biology is required before these approaches can be realized. (schoolbag.info)
- The discovery of embryonic stem cells - arose not accidentally, but appeared on the prepared soil of scientific research in the field of developmental biology. (iliveok.com)
- His early work as a fellow at the Transplantation Biology Research Center with Dr. David Sachs focused on transplant tolerance induction in miniature swine using in utero stem cell transplantation, a research interest that he developed while a research fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Alan Flake at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. (childrenshospital.org)
- Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders, in which progressive muscle wasting and weakness is often associated with exhaustion of muscle regeneration potential. (frontiersin.org)
- actively contribute to development of pathogenesis in several myophaties but only macrophages and sometimes eosinophils play a role in muscle regeneration ( Tidball and Villalta, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) play a central role in muscle regeneration, but their quantity and function decline with comorbidity of trauma, aging, and muscle diseases. (sciencemag.org)
- Adult muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells) are an anatomically defined population of cells that are essential for muscle regeneration. (springernature.com)
- In this study, we have established efficient CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene knockin approaches in the axolotl ( Ambystoma mexicanum ), which has allowed us to genetically mark two critical stem cell pools for limb and spinal cord regeneration. (pnas.org)
- Our genetic fate mapping establishes the role of PAX7 + satellite cells for limb muscle regeneration. (pnas.org)
- Using these techniques, we have labeled and traced the PAX7-positive satellite cells as a major source contributing to myogenesis during axolotl limb regeneration. (pnas.org)
- Concerning muscle regeneration, a previous study has shown that two salamander species, axolotl and newt ( Notophthalmus viridescens ), use divergent source cells during limb muscle regeneration ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
- A combination of live imaging and single cell clonal analysis reveals a highly choreographed process of muscle regeneration. (biologists.org)
- Partial depletion of col1a2 + MPCs severely compromises muscle regeneration. (biologists.org)
- Stem cell-based therapies cast a new hope for AD treatment as a replacement or regeneration strategy. (hindawi.com)
- Objective To investigate the effect of cells in the epimysium conduit (EMC) on the regeneration of sciatic nerve of mice. (rrsurg.com)
- Our findings lead to several interesting questions about the potential causes of these observed differences -- muscle stem cells are asked to function in a very different local environment with age or during regeneration due to injury, and we suspect this may contribute to some of the distinct behaviors we observed,' adds Tierney. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- By using established animal model of volumetric muscle loss, we combine biomaterials and stem cells to promote muscle regeneration. (vimm.it)
- In the case of human diploid somatic cells, it is probable that some thousands of such clones have been followed in many different laboratories and to the best of our knowledge, all of them eventually stop growing, unless they are induced to undergo malignant transformation. (springer.com)
- Hybridization of Somatic Cells. (springer.com)
- Human somatic cells, however, do not show telomerase activity and their telomeres are considerably shorter. (nih.gov)
- Stem cells cells of the body ( somatic cells ) which can divide and become differentiated . (wikipedia.org)
- We gained new data demonstrating that colon epithelium is clustered separately from hematopoietic and other cell types, indicating that the colon is constituted of few progenitors and ruling out significant renewal of colonic epithelium from hematopoietic cells during adulthood. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 3 Animal and human studies have indicated that neointimal cells may not only originate from the vascular media or adventitia, but also from bone marrow- and nonmarrow-derived progenitors. (ahajournals.org)
- Myogenic progenitors lacking Minion differentiated normally but failed to form syncytial myotubes, and Minion-deficient mice died perinatally and demonstrated a marked reduction in fused muscle fibres. (musclecellnews.com)
- In clonogenic cultures, MBs differentiated into primitive PDGFRβ + CD271 + CD73 − mesenchymal progenitors, which gave rise to proliferative PCs, SMCs, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. (musclecellnews.com)
- Step one generates T reg cell progenitors (T reg P) and is driven by strong TCR interactions with antigens presented in the thymus. (bio-protocol.org)
- Specifically, we are using primary cells as well as murine and human embryonic stem cells to study RBM15 and MKL1, two genes that are fused in the t(1;22) translocation associated with Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia AMKL). (yale.edu)
- Goldstein J, Balderas R, Marodon G. Continuous activation of the CD122/STAT-5 signaling pathway during selection of antigen-specific regulatory T cells in the murine thymus. (labome.org)
- A molecular map of murine lymph node blood vascular endothelium at single cell resolution. (mpg.de)
- Human Thyroid Epithelial Cells. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Transfection and Transformation of Human Thyroid Epithelial Cells. (barnesandnoble.com)
- We have developed a method for single cell extraction of epithelial cells from single intestinal crypts using a modification of the crypt isolation technique. (weizmann.ac.il)
- 2006). NBs that are still in contact with epithelial cells as they divide always produce GMCs opposite the site of epithelial-NB contact. (stembook.org)
- Normal African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial Cells (Vero) - The Vero epithelial cell line was established in 1962 by Y. Yasumura and Y. Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan. (fsu.edu)
- 2005). Intestinal stem cells are the primary source of new epithelial cells in intestinal crypts of humans and mice, and these crypts undergo complete turnover in 4-5 days (van der Flier and Clevers, 2009). (spotidoc.com)
- Mammary epithelial cells form a network of branching ducts composed of a luminal and a basal myoepithelial layer. (rupress.org)
- Abstract] For many infectious diseases T cells are an important part of naturally acquired protective immune responses, and inducing these by vaccination has been the aim of much research. (bio-protocol.org)
- Derivation and Maintenance of Embryonic Stem Cell Cultures. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Scaffolds, 3D cultures, 3D printing of matrices and cells. (wiley-vch.de)
- Microcontact printing (μCP) is a simple and versatile method for generating cell culture substrates for micro-scale features for spatially restricting the cultures of single cells and their progeny. (springernature.com)
- Cell cultures containing undifferentiatied stem cells were isolated from the primary tumor which have a euploid karyotype. (wikipedia.org)
- Cultures of cells from immunized mouse lymph nodes and thoracic duct lymph on fibroblast monolayers. (springer.com)
- The present invention relates to methods for culturing primate embryonic stem cell cultures and culture media useful therewith. (google.com)
- Both XX and XY cell cultures have been obtained. (pnas.org)
- Immunohistochemical analysis of embryoid bodies collected from these cultures revealed a wide variety of differentiated cell types, including derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. (pnas.org)
- Finally, we have utilized the novel mAbs that we prepared against undifferentiated hESCs, to deplete residual teratogenic cells from differentiated cultures that were transplanted into animal models. (ca.gov)
- To grow cultures of human ES cells, Thomson and his collaborators used 36 fresh or frozen embryos generated in IVF laboratories from couples undergoing treatment for infertility. (nih.gov)
- To generate human ES cell cultures, cells from the inner cell mass of a human blastocyst were cultured in a multi-step process. (nih.gov)
- To generate clonal cell lines from individual H9 ES cells, 384 single cells were removed from these cultures and transferred individually to the wells of larger plates that contained non-dividing mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as feeder layers. (nih.gov)
- After as many as 60 cell divisions, the growth rate of fibroblast cultures slows down, the cells stop dividing, and eventually they will die. (encyclopedia.com)
- Initial studies looking at adherent cell layers in Dexter-type long-term cultures indicated that the composition and function of such cells were similar to those of their normal counterparts, suggesting that the MDS-derived MSC is normal ( 10 , 11 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- They provide detailed protocols and describe their cultures in practical terms, from when the cells are first plated through the various phases of their development. (google.com.au)
- Conclusions The SMC cultures were nearly indistinguishable by morphological features, population doubling time, and sensitivity to cell death induced by Fas cross-linking. (39kf.com)
- Although the BMP-2 overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells failed to form chondrogenic nodules, cells of both models expressed mRNA transcripts for major cartilage-specific marker genes including Sox9 , Acan , Col2a1 , Snorc , and Hapln1 at similar temporal sequence, while notable lubricin expression was only detected in primary cultures. (mdpi.com)
- Pathological conditions modify the microenvironment of stem cells (the so-called niche) preventing the activation of resident stem cells and reducing the success of exogenous cell therapies. (frontiersin.org)
- On the other hand, functionally matured blood cells derived from hESC/hiPSCs are expected to be widely used for clinical cellular therapies. (intechopen.com)
- The results from recent preclinical studies regarding stem cell-based therapies are promising. (hindawi.com)
- We review in this article the latest clinical trials performed to treat SUI using cell-based therapies. (medsci.org)
- However, there is not yet a consensus for the best cell source to be used to treat SUI and not all patients may be suitable for these therapies. (medsci.org)
- Moreover, iPS cells and the reprogramming technology are of great interest in pharmaceutical and clinical settings, as the technology can be used to generate animal and cellular models for the study of various diseases as well as provide (in the future) specific patient tailor-made cells for their use in cellular replacement therapies. (armi.org.au)
- Theme 1 examines patient recruitment networks for experimental stem cell therapies and cooperation between research and health institutions involving exchanges of patients against other resources. (europa.eu)
- Poss said the manner in which these muscle cells envelope the heart could lead to new therapies. (blogspot.com)
- They are now used in medical therapies, and researchers expect that stem cells will be used in many future therapies. (wikipedia.org)
- The beneficial effect was achieved via modulation of stromal cells expressing cyclooxygenase 2 in the lamina propria, as shown by survival studies using selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors. (bmj.com)
- Surprisingly, however, when the Pax5-deficient cells were inadvertently cultured for several weeks on ST2 stromal cells in the absence of the cytokine IL-7, they changed in appearance, looking suspiciously like myeloid cells. (jimmunol.org)
- Bernardo ME, Locatelli F, Fibbe WE (2009) Mesenchymal stromal cells. (springer.com)
- Pal D, Moad M, Hepburn AC, Williamson SC, Robson CN, Heer R. Reply from Authors re: "Reprogramming Stromal Cell from the Urinary Tract and Prostate: A Trip to Pluripotency and Back?" . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Reprogramming Stromal Cells from the Urinary Tract and Prostate: A Trip to Pluripotency and Back? (ncl.ac.uk)
- We determined whether stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1/CXCL12 and its receptor, CX chemokine receptor (CXCR)4, are important for the survival of β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- In VSMCs, rapamycin increased a homing chemokine for MSCs, stromal cell-derived factor-1-alpha, at mRNA and protein levels. (ahajournals.org)
- Repetitive injuries cause muscles to undergo multiple rounds of repair, and are used as a model for diseases characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness, such as muscular dystrophies. (stemcellpioneers.com)
- Researchers further established that these skeletal stem cells undergo clonal expansion in bone injury or fracture. (kcl.fyi)
- iii) cells from human subjects with Werner's syndrome, a genetic condition showing an approximately two-fold acceleration of many features of ageing, undergo markedly fewer divisions than cells from normal age-matched controls (Fig. 1). (encyclopedia.com)
- Expression of Foreign Genes in Cultured Insect Cells Using a Recombinant Baculovirus Vector. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Introducing genes to cells, homologous recombination in mice, CRISPR-Cas. (wiley-vch.de)
- Interestingly, AFS cells differentially expressed genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which regulate intestinal epithelial stem cell function and cell migration and growth factors known to maintain gut epithelial integrity and reduce mucosal injury. (bmj.com)
- Ultimately, asymmetric divisions are regulated directly by genes that control the process of asymmetric cell division itself or determine the distinct cell fates of the two daughter cells. (stembook.org)
- These cells are located in a superficial layer external to muscle fibers and express many extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including collagen type 1 α2 ( col1a2 ). (biologists.org)
- Inactivation of Pax5 blocked B lymphoid ontogeny at the pro-B cell (also termed pre-B1) stage, during which time DNA recombination between D H and J H elements initiates the process that generates functional Ab genes ( 13 ). (jimmunol.org)
- 14 ) injected Pax5-deficient pro-B clones into immunodeficient RAG-2 null mice and showed that they could reconstitute T cell development, with the resulting T cells bearing clonal D H -J H DNA rearrangements, indicative of their B lymphoid origin, as well as fully rearranged TCR genes. (jimmunol.org)
- Feedback from each retinal neuron population drives expression of subsequent fate determinant genes without influencing the cell cycle exit timing. (armi.org.au)
- Individuals with Primary Immune Deficiency (PID) may develop severe, life-threatening infections as a result of inherited defects in the genes that normally instruct blood-forming cells to develop and to fight infections. (stanford.edu)
- The Currie group use zebrafish embryos to learn about muscle cell types. (armi.org.au)
- Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos ( 1 , 2 ), and embryonic germ (EG) cells are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) ( 3 , 4 ). (pnas.org)
- From the 14 embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, they established 5 human ES cell lines-H1, H7, H9, H13 and H14 [ 35 ]. (nih.gov)
- Researchers at Duke University Medical Center used zebrafish embryos and careful employment of a new technique that allows for up to 90 color labels on different cells to track individual cells and cell lines as the heart formed. (blogspot.com)
- Therefore, usually the source of the ESC lines created for clinical needs is the internal cell mass of the blastocyst, separate blastomeres of embryos of the 8-cell stage of development, morula cells of later stages, and primary sex cells. (iliveok.com)
- Even later, at the blastocyst stage, only 20-25% of human embryos consist of cells with a normal karyotype. (iliveok.com)
- The majority of these cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes and conduction system cells. (xenbase.org)
- For repairing ventricular damage, we aimed to establish a highly efficient purification system to obtain homogeneous ventricular cardiomyocytes and prepare engineered human ventricular heart muscles in a dish. (biomedcentral.com)
- Purified early ventricular cardiomyocytes were estimated by immunofluorescence, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, quantitative PCR, microelectrode array, and patch clamp. (biomedcentral.com)
- In subsequent experiments, the mixture of mature MYL2 -positive ventricular cardiomyocytes and mesenchymal cells were cocultured with decellularized natural heart matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
- After stimulation with H 2 O 2 , TGFβR3 overexpression in cardiomyocytes led to increased cell apoptosis and activation of p38 signaling, whereas TGFβR3 knockdown had the opposite effect. (musclecellnews.com)
- Importantly, we have found that cells of the meso-endodermal population give rise to beating cardiomyocytes. (ca.gov)
- Here we used multicolour clonal analysis to define the contributions of individual cardiomyocytes as the zebrafish heart undergoes morphogenesis from a primitive embryonic structure into its complex adult form. (zfin.org)
- We find that the single-cardiomyocyte-thick wall of the juvenile ventricle forms by lateral expansion of several dozen cardiomyocytes into muscle patches of variable sizes and shapes. (zfin.org)
- Piero Anversa's group published a series of articles claiming that ongoing cell death of cardiomyocytes in the heart requires extensive replacement of cardiomyocytes. (intechopen.com)
- One of the major challenges in the field has been the detection of newly formed cardiomyocytes and/or the visualization of cell division events. (intechopen.com)
- Fig. 1d and Supplementary Fig. 2) SP cells non-SP cells and cardiomyocytes had been solved as discrete groupings with the blended JTC-801 Sca1+ people straddling its SP and non-SP fractions (Fig. 1d higher -panel). (buenavidaestudio.com)
- This parting of SP cells non-SP cells and cardiomyocytes is normally concordant using their distinctive phenotypes and preferential clustering of Sca1+ cells with non-SP cells in keeping with the predominance of non-SP cells in the Sca1+ people. (buenavidaestudio.com)
- Metabolic regulation of pluripotency and germ cell fate through α-ketoglutarate. (nih.gov)
- Predominant Asymmetrical Stem Cell Fate Outcome Limits the Rate of Niche Succession in Human Colonic Crypts. (nih.gov)
- Asymmetric localization of cell-cell junctions and/or intrinsic cell fate determinants and position within specific environment ("niche") are examples of mechanisms used to specify cell polarity and direct asymmetric divisions. (stembook.org)
- During development, asymmetric divisions provide the basis for establishment of the body axis and cell fate determination in a range of processes. (stembook.org)
- In some cases, factors within the dividing mother cell lead to the differential segregation of cell fate determinants to give two distinct daughters upon division. (stembook.org)
- 1. Cell fate determinants are segregated to the basal cortex of the dividing NB, resulting in a disruption of the symmetry of the mother cell prior to division. (stembook.org)
- 2. The mitotic spindle is aligned along the apical-basal axis to ensure accurate segregation of these cell fate determinants to the appropriate daughter cell. (stembook.org)
- however, some studies suggest that extrinsic signals from the overlying epithelium also facilitate proper spatio-temporal localization of cell fate determinants (Lee et al. (stembook.org)
- These data indicate that embryonic NBs respond to signals from the adjacent epithelium to specify correct spindle orientation and localization of cortical cell fate determinants. (stembook.org)
- Segregation of cell fate determinants to the daughter GMC is regulated by the reciprocal localization of four protein complexes: two complexes are localized to the apical cortex and two to the basal cortex (see Figure 1 ). (stembook.org)
- Some, surprisingly, adopted a smooth muscle fate. (xenbase.org)
- In doing so, they significantly deepened understanding about how competition between transcription factors can dictate cell fate. (jimmunol.org)
- These observations are discussed with respect to the origin and function of Pax3-expressing cells in blood vessels, and more general questions of cell fate determination and adult cell plasticity and reprogramming. (pasteur.fr)
- The Polo group is interested in the transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that govern cell identity and cell fate. (armi.org.au)
- By performing SC fate tracing experiments, we show that 8 weeks of voluntary wheel running increased SC contribution to myofibers in mouse plantar flexor muscles in a load-dependent, but fiber type-independent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cell-based phenotypic and pathway screens of synthetic compounds have led recently to the discovery of several small molecules that can be used to control stem cell fate. (schoolbag.info)
- Chemicals that control stem cell fate. (schoolbag.info)
- Traditionally, adult stem cells have been viewed as committed to a particular cell fate. (webgamesday.com)
- P19 cells are embryonic carcinoma cell lines derived from an embryo-derived teratocarcinoma in mice. (wikipedia.org)
- Embryonic stem cells, isolated from the inner cell mass of an early-stage embryo blastocyst, are distinguished by two distinctive properties, the pluripotency and the ability to replicate indefinitely. (mdpi.com)
- However, Ueno and Weissman provided the earliest contradiction to the hemangioblast theory when they saw that distinct ES cells mixed into a blastocyst resulted in more than 1 ES cell contributing to the majority of the blood islands found in the resultant embryo. (wikipedia.org)
- These cells originate from a part of the embryo known as the neural crest, which play a key role in the development of skin, neuronal and smooth muscle cells. (utoronto.ca)
- The zebrafish embryo is very clear - every cell in the forming embryo can be seen, which make it very easy to work with. (armi.org.au)
- In particular, they are interested in how specific muscle cell types are determined within the developing embryo, how they grow and how they regenerate after injury. (armi.org.au)
- In contrast to the inner cell mass of the human embryo where both laminin-521 and laminin-511 is expressed, the only laminin isoform expressed in the early mouse embryo is laminin-511. (biolamina.com)
- The ES cell line from the fifth, fresh embryo was derived from an embryo donated in Wisconsin. (nih.gov)
- Science Daily - Just a handful of cells in the embryo are all that's needed to form the outer layer of pumping heart muscle in an adult zebrafish. (blogspot.com)
- You can label individual cells very early in an embryo with a permanent color and those cells and their progeny will keep that color," Poss said. (blogspot.com)
- At the same time, a technique for isolating primary germ cells from the rudiment of the mouse embryo gonad was developed. (iliveok.com)
- Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells taken from the inner cell mass of the early stage embryo known as a blastocyst . (wikipedia.org)
- The stem cells' state, and what the daughter cells turn into, is influenced by signals from other cells in the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, oligodendrocytes also developed and migrated into fiber bundles in mice when the RA-induced cells were transplanted into the brains. (wikipedia.org)
- Consistent with these findings in human cells, knock out of MKL1 in mice leads to reduced platelet counts, and reduced ploidy in bone marrow megakaryocytes. (yale.edu)
- We report expression of Pax3, an important regulator of skeletal muscle stem cell behaviour, in the brachial and femoral arteries of adult mice. (pasteur.fr)
- In these contractile arteries of the limb, but not in the elastic arteries of the trunk, bands of GFP-positive cells were observed in Pax3(GFP/+) mice. (pasteur.fr)
- Transgenic mice overexpressing SDF-1 within their β-cells (RIP-SDF-1 mice) are resistant to STZ-induced β-cell apoptosis and diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Active phosphorylated prosurvival kinase Akt is increased both in the β-cells of RIP-SDF-1 mice and in INS-1 cells treated with SDF-1 and sensitive to AMD3100. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Cells cultured for 95 days (17 passages) on laminin-511 were used to successfully generate chimeric mice (Domogatskaya et al. (biolamina.com)
- ES and EG cells from some species can form teratocarcinomas when injected into histocompatible or immunologically compromised mice. (pnas.org)
- Additionally, when injected into mice, these cells initiated tumors that closely resemble human cancer. (mirm-pitt.net)
- Lesion formation after mechanical arterial injury was markedly increased in mice with homozygous deletion of p27 Kip1 , characterized by prominent vascular infiltration by immune and inflammatory cells. (jci.org)
- Vascular occlusion was substantially increased when BM-derived cells from p27 -/- mice repopulated vascular lesions induced by mechanical injury in p27 +/+ recipients, in contrast to p27 +/+ BM donors. (jci.org)
- Although this capability is certainly a cell-intrinsic real estate the cells change their phenotype beneath the constraints enforced by the extremely heterogeneous microenvironment made by their very own collective motion. (cylch.org)
- The causing Laropiprant heterogeneous cell inhabitants is seen as a a powerful equilibrium between "high Compact disc56" and "low Compact disc56" phenotype cells with distinctive spatial distribution. (cylch.org)
- Histological and biochemical examination of the vessels, together with clonal analysis after purification of Pax3-GFP-positive cells by flow cytometry, established their vascular smooth muscle identity. (pasteur.fr)
- Mitogens promote embryonic vascular development, growth, repair and angiogenesis in these cells. (google.es)
- The main goal was to retard the atrophy and replace diseased muscle with new healthy and functional muscle fibers by using myogenic stem cells ( Brunelli and Rovere-Querini, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
- This myogenic conversion depends on the expression of Pax3, but is rare and non-cell autonomous as it requires cell fusion. (pasteur.fr)
- We present that proliferating myogenic cells in lifestyle can fluctuate between phenotypic state governments under the impact of the neighborhood microenvironment. (cylch.org)
- Establishment, Maintenance, and Cloning of Human Primary Cell Strains. (barnesandnoble.com)
- The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. (springer.com)
- Replicative life-span of cultivated human cells. (springer.com)
- Dominance of the senescent phenotype in heterokaryons between replicative and post-replicative human fibroblast-like cells. (springer.com)
- We are using hematopoietic stem cells and human embryonic stem cells to better understand Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia. (yale.edu)
- Maitra B, Szekely E, Gjini K et al (2004) Human mesenchymal stem cells support unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells and suppress T-cell activation. (springer.com)
- Hare JM, Traverse JH, Henry TD et al (2009) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem cells (prochymal) after acute myocardial infarction. (springer.com)
- Williamson SC, Mitter R, Hepburn AC, Wilson L, Mantilla A, Leung HY, Robson CN, Heer R. Characterisations of human prostate stem cells reveal deficiency in class I UGT enzymes as a novel mechanism for castration-resistant prostate cancer . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Williamson SC, Hepburn AC, Wilson L, Coffey K, Ryan-Munden CA, Pal D, Leung HY, Robson CN, Heer R. Human α 2 β 1 HI CD133 +VE Epithelial Prostate Stem Cells Express Low Levels of Active Androgen Receptor . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Hepburn AC, Veeratterapillay R, Williamson SC, El-Sherif A, Sahay N, Thomas HD, Mantilla A, Pickard RS, Robson CN, Heer R. Side Population in Human Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Enriches for Cancer Stem Cells That Are Maintained by MAPK Signalling . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Williamson SC, Rigas AC, Robson CN, Heer R, Heer R. An update on the prostate cancer stem cell model-CD133+ve stem cell enriched human prostate cells express active androgen receptor . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Rigas AC, Jaiswal N, Williamson SC, Pickard R, Robson CN, Heer R. Side population in human bladder cancer enriches for cancer stem cells that can be targeted by MAPK inhibition . (ncl.ac.uk)
- CXCR4 is expressed in human embryonic stem cells destined to become endoderm ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- A predictive computational framework for direct reprogramming between human cell types. (armi.org.au)
- We conclude that adult human bone marrow cells can enter the brain and generate neurons just as rodent cells do. (bio-aromatica.com)
- In the monkeys these cells are present in the hippocampus and neocortex (5 6 Likewise Eriksson (7) found that new neurons are generated continuously in the human dentate gyrus throughout R788 life. (bio-aromatica.com)
- 6 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the primate embryonic stem cells are human embryonic stem cells. (google.com)
- When combined with the decellularized natural heart matrix as the scaffold, functional human ventricular heart muscles were prepared in a dish. (biomedcentral.com)
- During this time his work has been the first to demonstrate that gene correction could be achieved in human cells at frequencies that were high enough to potentially cure patients and is considered one of the pioneers and founders of the field of genome editing-a field that now encompasses thousands of labs and several new companies throughout the world. (stanford.edu)
- Embryoid bodies (EBs) are differentiated cell aggregates first described as arising in human ( 17 ) and mouse ( 18 - 20 ) teratomas and teratocarcinomas. (pnas.org)
- Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA have reported the discovery of human skeletal stems cells that could revolutionise the treatment of bone fractures and age-related osteoporosis among the older adults. (kcl.fyi)
- The five original human ES cell lines continued to divide without differentiating for 5 to 6 months [ 35 ]. (nih.gov)
- Human cancers have been found to include transformed stem cells that may drive cancer progression to metastasis. (mirm-pitt.net)
- Human embryonic stem cell colony. (wikipedia.org)
- Three decades ago Benditt and Benditt presented evidence that atherosclerotic lesions were monoclonal.1 Subsequent work using a polymorphism in the human androgen receptor gene demonstrated that the cell responsible for clonality was the smooth muscle cell of the fibrous cap.2 The critical question now is: How does monoclonality arise? (39kf.com)
- Clonal analysis of Notch1-expressing cells reveals the existence of unipotent stem cells that retain long-term plasticity in the embryonic mammary gland. (nih.gov)
- However, the payment for the second path of evolutionary development will be different - sterility will be the price to pay back to all cells of totipotency and absolute plasticity. (iliveok.com)
- Any discussion on stem cells would be incomplete without a full discussion on stem cell plasticity and the present controversy in the stem cell field. (webgamesday.com)
- A second group of rats with PAH received skin fibroblasts (cells), while a third group, which did not have PAH, were used as controls. (futurepundit.com)
- Their discovery emerged from a decade of effort galvanized by the startling discovery of Davis, Weintraub, and Lassar that MyoD could entrain fibroblasts to become muscle cells ( 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Zandstra and his team used cells extracted from mouse skin, known as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (utoronto.ca)
- The inner cell masses were plated in culture dishes containing growth medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum on feeder layers of mouse embryonic fibroblasts that had been gamma-irradiated to prevent their replication. (nih.gov)
- Due to the pluripotency of P19 cells, those new derived cell lines can be ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-like cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The term pluripotency refers to the fact that embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiating into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm [ 2 ]. (mdpi.com)
- This property has been used as evidence of cell pluripotency ( 1 , 21 ) and as a source of differentiating cells. (pnas.org)
- This property alone may not be a definitive test of stem cell pluripotency, as it has been demonstrated that rat and mouse visceral (yolk sac) endoderm are capable of forming highly differentiated teratomas containing cells of all three embryonic germ layers ( 29 , 30 ). (pnas.org)
- Clonogenic Assays for Hematopoietic and Tumor Cells Using Agar-Containing Capillaries. (barnesandnoble.com)
- Here, we describe the process of generating mechanically tunable hydrogels with micro-scale well features ("microwells") using micro-contact printing for clonal muscle stem cell culture assays. (springernature.com)
- We purified this population using three novel cell surface markers, and found a significant enrichment of cardiomyocyte clones in colony formation assays that we developed. (ca.gov)
- Intriguingly, cells grown from malignant tumours or cells treated with cancer-causing chemicals or viruses often grow without limit. (encyclopedia.com)
- Benditt proposed that monoclonality of the plaque cap was the result of a mutation or viral event as in neoplasia.3 This hypothesis is not consistent with the current consensus that the atherosclerotic plaque is an inflammatory lesion where smooth muscle cells (SMCs) arise as a fibrotic reaction encapsulating the inflammatory necrotic core.4 Malignant neoplasms, however, are not the only instance of clonality. (39kf.com)
- Esg is required to maintain intestinal stem cell identity. (embopress.org)
- Current work in the lab includes the identification of new growth factors that regulate stem cell function and the characterization of aspects of cellular physiology that have not previously been studied in stem cells. (hhmi.org)
- The ability of cells to divide asymmetrically to produce two different cell types provides the cellular diversity found in every multicellular organism. (stembook.org)
- In 1978, after observing that the prototypical colony-forming stem cells were less capable at replacing differentiated cells than bone marrow cells injected into irradiated animals, Schofield proposed that a specialized environment in the bone marrow allows these precursor cells to maintain their cellular reconstitution potential. (wikipedia.org)
- The study noted here provides numbers for the mutation rates in muscle stem cells , the stochastic damage that occurs over time as small numbers of errors slip past the highly efficient molecular machinery of cellular replication and DNA repair . (fightaging.org)
- One can look at the numbers for mutational damage in old cells and it sounds fairly horrific out of context, but everything irelated cells and cellular biochemistry involves huge numbers. (fightaging.org)
- Plaque-associated myeloid cells derive from resident microglia in an Alzheimer's disease model. (bioportfolio.com)
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a robust inflammatory response mediated by plaque-associated myeloid cells of the brain. (bioportfolio.com)
- Regarding myeloid cells a core p. (bioportfolio.com)
- An extramedullary tumor of immature MYELOID CELLS or MYELOBLASTS. (bioportfolio.com)
- Several groups recently coupled CRISPR perturbations and single-cell RNA-seq for pooled genetic screens. (springernature.com)
- It might be possible in the near future to use one of the new forms of genetic technology to tackle the clonal expansions of specific mutations, provided there are only a few of them and they are present in large numbers of cells. (fightaging.org)
- Although these cells have a similar genetic makeup and outward appearance compared to their siblings, their higher fitness enabled them to produce more progeny, that is, clone themselves with greater frequency. (utoronto.ca)
- Factors include maintained epigenetic memory, genetic background, and features incurred on reprogramming have been cited as possible reasons for the clonal diversity if iPSCs. (news-medical.net)
- For his fellowship and post-doctoral research he worked with Dr. David Baltimore at MIT and CalTech where he began his studies in developing homologous recombination as a strategy to correct disease causing mutations in stem cells as definitive and curative therapy for children with genetic diseases of the blood, particularly sickle cell disease. (stanford.edu)
- Moreover, because of the inherent difficulty of genetic manipulation for many types of stem cells (e.g., low transfection efficiency or poor clonal expansion), small-molecule tools are especially useful for the stem cell field. (schoolbag.info)
- Being nonteratogenic, MDSC can be used directly by systemic injection, and this potential reveals a promising alternative avenue in stem cell-based treatment of beta-cell deficiencies. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conclusions We demonstrated here for the first time that AFS cells injected in an established model of NEC improve survival, clinical status, gut structure and function. (bmj.com)
- We also discuss some of the biological, practical, ethical, and commercial considerations in using these different stem cells for future clinical application. (hindawi.com)
- ES cells have been isolated from humans, however their use in research as well as in clinical practice has been hampered by ethical and technical considerations (Frankel, 2000). (webgamesday.com)
- Cell Rep. 2017 Dec 5;21(10):2649-2660. (armi.org.au)
- Here we summarize computational methods for analysis and integration of single-cell omics data across different modalities and discuss their applications, challenges and future directions. (springernature.com)
- By clonal analysis, one cell was able to give rise to many cells eventually filling the culture well. (arvojournals.org)
- On one hand, recent developments in single-cell analysis allow to distinguish the behaviour of every single cell from the average of the population. (vimm.it)
- The specificity of this reporter was confirmed through immunocytochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of high-positive fractions obtained via fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), suggesting its applicability for motor neuron-specific analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Surprisingly, array expression analysis identified differences so extensive that we conclude that plaque and medial SMCs are distinctly different SMC cell types. (39kf.com)
- Cell death markers. (wiley-vch.de)
- The well-studied hematopoietic system provided a rich hunting ground, due to the excellent clonal culture systems, diversity of cell markers, and array of pure cytokines available. (jimmunol.org)
- However, there are no sufficient reports of clear-cut links between the phenotype markers and molecular markers in these cells. (news-medical.net)
- Throughout the culture period most cells within the colonies continued to be alkaline phosphatase-positive and tested positive against a panel of five immunological markers (SSEA-1, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81) that have been used routinely to characterize embryonic stem and EG cells. (pnas.org)
- Expression of MSC markers was also detected at the surface of native, non-cultured perivascular cells. (mirm-pitt.net)
- In terms of morphology, as well as the expression of certain cell markers, no differences were observed between MSC from MDS patients and those derived from normal marrow ( 9 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- This method was applied here to explore different aspects of stem cell dynamics in the mouse colon without the use of stem cell markers. (prolekare.cz)
- Bmi-1 is necessary for adult stem cells from the hematopoietic and nervous systems to self-renew normally. (hhmi.org)
- These cells are capable of surviving multiple successive pregnancies, suggesting a capacity to self-renew. (rupress.org)