Clomiphene. Medical search

A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.

Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.

The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.

A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.

A non-steroidal estrogen antagonist.

The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the action or biosynthesis of estrogenic compounds.

An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

Procedures using an electrically heated wire or scalpel to treat hemorrhage (e.g., bleeding ulcers) and to ablate tumors, mucosal lesions, and refractory arrhythmias. It is different from ELECTROSURGERY which is used more for cutting tissue than destroying and in which the patient is part of the electric circuit.

A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)

The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

Methods used for assessment of ovarian function.

Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Human artificial insemination in which the husband's semen is used.

A technique that came into use in the mid-1980's for assisted conception in infertile women with normal fallopian tubes. The protocol consists of hormonal stimulation of the ovaries, followed by laparoscopic follicular aspiration of oocytes, and then the transfer of sperm and oocytes by catheterization into the fallopian tubes.

Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective BREEDING, cloning (CLONING, ORGANISM), and assisted reproduction (REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED).

Absence of menstruation.

Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.

Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

The deposit of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

A synthetic progestational hormone with no androgenic or estrogenic properties. Unlike many other progestational compounds, dydrogesterone produces no increase in temperature and does not inhibit OVULATION.

The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

Abnormally infrequent menstruation.

The condition of carrying two or more FETUSES simultaneously.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.

A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.

Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.

The state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.

A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.

A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic appearance of the endometrium. (1/317)

The rapid development of ultrasonographic equipment now permits instantaneous assessment of follicles and endometrium. The sonographic appearance of the endometrium has been discussed in relation to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. However, a generally agreed view of the relationship of the sonographic appearance to fecundity in IVF cycles has not emerged. We have studied the relationship between steroid receptors and the sonographic appearance of the preovulatory endometrium in natural cycles and ovulation induction cycles. Preovulatory endometrial thickness was not found to be indicative of fecundity, although a preovulatory endometrial thickness of <9 mm related to an elevated miscarriage rate. The preovulatory endometrial echo pattern did not predict fecundity. No relationships were found among endometrial appearance, endometrial steroid receptors and steroid hormone concentrations in serum. Oestrogen or progesterone receptor concentrations were not related to endometrial thickness or to concentrations of serum oestradiol, the only significant correlation being found between the endometrial concentrations of oestrogen and progesterone receptors. The ratio of progesterone:oestrogen receptor concentration was somewhat less in echo pattern B (not triple line) endometrium compared with pattern A (triple line) endometrium. Oestrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations appeared stable on gonadotrophin induction, though fewer numbers were found during clomiphene cycles than in natural cycles. With regard to the distribution of receptor concentration between clomiphene and natural cycles, most women using clomiphene had very low oestrogen receptor populations. Pregnancy rates were low, in spite of high ovulatory rates during clomiphene treatment and were mainly related to low oestrogen receptor concentrations in preovulatory endometrium. (+info)

Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin. (2/317)

Uterine peristalsis, directing sustained and rapid sperm transport from the external cervical os or the cervical crypts to the isthmic part of the tube ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, changes in direction and frequency during the menstrual cycle, with lowest activity during menstruation and highest activity at mid cycle. It was therefore suggested that uterine peristalsis is under the control of the dominant follicle with the additional involvement of oxytocin. To test this hypothesis, vaginal sonography of uterine peristalsis was performed in the early, mid and late proliferative phases, respectively, of cycles of women treated with oestradiol valerate and with human menopausal gonadotrophin following pituitary downregulation, with clomiphene citrate and with intravenous oxytocin, respectively. Administration of oestradiol valerate resulted in oestradiol serum concentrations comparable with the normal cycle with a simulation of the normal frequency of peristaltic contractions. Elevated oestradiol concentrations and bolus injections of oxytocin resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of peristaltic contractions in the early and mid follicular phases, respectively. Chlomiphene tended, though insignificantly so, to suppress the frequency of peristaltic waves in the presence of elevated oestradiol concentrations. In the late follicular phase of the cycle extremely elevated oestradiol concentrations as well as the injection of oxytocin resulted only in an insignificant further increase of peristaltic frequency. In the normal cycles, as well as during extremely elevated oestradiol concentrations and following oxytocin administration, the peristaltic contractions were always confined to the subendometrial layer of the muscular wall. The results and the review of literature indicate that uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is controlled by oestradiol released from the dominant follicle with the probable involvement of oxytocin, which is presumably stimulated together with its receptor within the endometrial-subendometrial unit and therefore acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. Since unphysiological stimulation with oestradiol and oxytocin did not significantly increase the frequency of uterine peristalsis in the late follicular phase of the cycle it is assumed that normal preovulatory frequency of uterine peristalsis is at a level which cannot be significantly surpassed due to phenomena of refractoriness of the system. (+info)

Endometrial evaluation is not predictive for in vitro fertilization treatment. (3/317)

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate ovarian function by clomiphene citrate (CC) challenge test in a group of tubal infertile women and to study endometrial morphological maturation in the early luteal phase of CC-stimulated cycles as compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four women presented with strongly retarded, proliferative endometrium in the luteal phase. Of these, three presented with impaired ovarian function, high basal follicle-stimulating hormone, and high follicle-stimulating hormone levels after clomiphene stimulation on cycle day 10. In the remaining 30 women, showing an in-phase endometrium after CC stimulation, a comparison of six morphological characteristics did not reveal any significant differences between the 14 women who did become pregnant and the 16 who did not. No significant differences in endometrial thickness were observed between the groups. Significant differences were found when comparing estradiol and progesterone area under the curve during the luteal phase (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) between those who did and those who did not become pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: Luteal endometrium morphology was not a sharp instrument to detect differences between women who did and women who did not become pregnant following IVF treatment, while ovarian function, as measured by hormonal markers, seemed to be a more reliable prognostic factor for IVF treatment outcome. (+info)

Effects of clomiphene citrate and progesterone on resting and proliferative cell-populations in resting and proliferative cell-populations in mouse uterine epithelium. (4/317)

Resting cells (GO cells) of the uterine surface epithelium in castrated mice began to synthesize DNA with high synchrony from 10 hr after the injection of 50 ng of estradiol-17beta with or without 5.5 mug of clomiphene citrate. Highly synchronized DNA synthesis in GO cells elicited with estradiol was delayed approximately 5 hr when the simultaneous administration of 0.5 mg of progesterone was given. In GO cells of castrated mice which received 5.5 mug of clomiphene or 55 mug of clomiphene plus 50 ng of estradiol, DNA synthesis with partial synchrony began 15 hr after the injection. The effects of estradiol were completely suppressed by the administration of 55 mug of clomiphene. It is suggested that the inhibitory action of clomiphene may be due to the competitive blocking of estrogen binding, while progesterone suppresses the estrogen-induced DNA synthesis of the surface epithelium and transfers them to the GO cell-compartment. (+info)

Intrauterine insemination treatment in subfertility: an analysis of factors affecting outcome. (5/317)

A total of 811 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles in which clomiphene citrate/human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) was used for ovarian stimulation were analysed retrospectively to identify prognostic factors regarding treatment outcome. The overall pregnancy rate was 12.6% per cycle, the multiple pregnancy rate 13.7%, and the miscarriage rate 23.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed five predictive variables as regards pregnancy: number of the treatment cycle (P = 0.009), duration of infertility (P = 0.017), age (P = 0.028), number of follicles (P = 0.031) and infertility aetiology (P = 0.045). The odds ratios for age < 40 years, unexplained infertility aetiology (versus endometriosis) and duration of infertility < or = 6 years were 3.24, 2.79 and 2.33, respectively. A multifollicular ovarian response to clomiphene citrate/HMG resulted in better treatment success than a monofollicular response, and 97% of the pregnancies were obtained in the first four treatment cycles. The results indicate that clomiphene citrate/HMG/IUI is a useful and cost-effective treatment option in women < 40 years of age with infertility duration < or = 6 years, who do not suffer from endometriosis. (+info)

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle. (6/317)

The aim of this study was to test whether ovulation from an ovary affects the health of oocytes from dominant follicles in that ovary two cycles later. A total of 80 women each with two intact ovaries underwent 270 treatment cycles (155 natural cycles and 115 clomiphene citrate cycles) all showing unilateral ovulation. The results from the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment were grouped according to whether ovulation (O) or anovulation (A) (no ovulation) was observed in the ovary with dominant follicle during the treatment cycle in the previous two cycles: O-O, A-O, O-A and A-A (previous second cycle-previous first cycle). The rate of pre-embryo formation in A-A was significantly higher than that of O-A. The pregnancy rate in A-A (29%) was also higher than those of O-A (13%), A-O (9%) and O-O (5%). These rates increased from O-O to A-A as the number of previous ovulations in an ovary decreased. The presence of a corpus luteum and/or a dominant follicle is likely to exert local negative effects on the health of the oocyte contained in the follicle selected to ovulate up to two cycles later. Anovulations in an ovary for two menstrual cycles may therefore provide improved conditions for the development of a healthier oocyte with an increased pregnancy potential. (+info)

The effect of smoking on oocyte quality and hormonal parameters of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. (7/317)

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of smoking on different parameters such as oocyte count, embryo score, and basal hormone values within the scope of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-four women undergoing IVF-ET treatment were classified as smokers or nonsmokers on the basis of questionnaires. Additionally, we divided them into three groups according to their stimulation protocol--"combined stimulation" [I; clomiphene citrate plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG)], "ultrashort" [II; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) plus hMG or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)], and "long downregulation protocol" (III)--and further classified again as smokers or nonsmokers within the groups. RESULTS: In general, smoking patients were significantly (P = 0.0195) younger than nonsmokers and showed a significantly (P = 0.0379) lower embryo score and a tendency (P = 0.0931) to produce fewer oocytes. There was no significant difference concerning the number of normally or pathologically fertilized and transferred oocytes and embryos suitable for cryopreservation. Women who smoked had significantly (P = 0.0112) higher basal 17-beta-estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) (P = 0.0001), and dehydroepian-drosteronesulfate (DHEAS) (P = 0.0039) levels, but their basal human prolactin (HPRL) levels were significantly (P = 0.0033) lower than those of nonsmokers. According to the stimulation protocol used, we found the following results. Smoking patients in group I showed a significantly (P = 0.023) lower embryo score and produced fewer oocytes (P = 0.0113), with fewer of them being fertilized (P = 0.0072) and transferred (P = 0.0067). Women who smoked had significantly (P = 0.0002) higher basal LH levels, but their HPRL levels were significantly (P = 0.031) lower than those of nonsmokers. Furthermore, they had a thinner endometrium on the day of embryo transfer (P = 0.0366). In group II we measured significantly elevated basal E2 levels (P = 0.0089) and higher LH values (P = 0.0092) in smokers. Group III showed a trend (P = 0.0565) toward lower HPRL values in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Although the fertilization rate of oocytes and the pregnancy rate were not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers, we found significantly alterated hormonal parameters and negatively influenced oocyte parameters, particularly after clomiphene stimulation. So we might consider using only GnRHa protocols for smoking patients. Additionally, we advise our patients to stop smoking before an IVF-ET treatment because of the complex effects of smoking on the reproductive and hormonal system. (+info)

Hormone and fertility drug use and the risk of neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. (8/317)

Previous epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between maternal sex hormone use during pregnancy, including infertility medication, and an increased risk of neuroblastoma in the offspring. The authors conducted a case-control interview study from 1992 to 1996 that included 504 children less than 19 years of age whose newly diagnosed neuroblastoma was identified by two national collaborative clinical trials groups in the United States and Canada, the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. Controls, matched to cases on age, were identified by random digit dialing. No association was found for use of oral contraceptives before or during pregnancy (first trimester odds ratio (OR) = 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 2.1). The odds ratio was slightly elevated for history of infertility (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.9, 2.1) and ever use of any infertility medication (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.7, 2.2). Specifically, ever use of clomiphene was associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk (95% CI: 0.8, 3.0) but not periconceptionally or during the index pregnancy. A suggestive pattern was found for gender of the offspring, with an increased risk for males but not for females after exposure to oral contraceptives or clomiphene. This study did not find consistent and large increased risks for maternal use of hormones, but the suggestion of an association for male offspring requires further consideration. (+info)

DrugBank > Clomifene. Updated on April 19, 2011 Kousta E, White DM, Franks S (1997). "Modern use of clomiphene citrate in ... For clomifene, the dosage may be increased by 50-mg increments in subsequent cycles until ovulation is achieved. However, at a ... Clomifene citrate (or clomid) is the medication which is most commonly used to treat anovulation. It is a selective estrogen- ... Clomifene citrate is a very efficient ovulation inductor, and has a success rate of 67%. Nevertheless, it only has a 37% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulation_induction

The drug clomiphene, a drug commonly used for ovulation stimulation in fertility treatments, has also been seen to be ... Bhambhani Vikas; George Sanila (2004). "Association of Clomiphene with Iniencephaly". Indian Pediatrics. 41 (5): 517. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniencephaly

This combination is sometimes referred to as the Biological Body Clock Test.[citation needed] A clomiphene challenge test is a ... 1989; 51:651-4. "Use of clomiphene citrate in women". Fertil Steril. 80: 1302-1308. 2003. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(03)01184-1. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve

Greenblatt, R., Mahesh, V., & Jungck, E., Roy S. (1963). Clomiphene Citrate: Further Observations on Its Use in Induction of ... His group's discovery in 1961 that clomiphene citrate could induce ovulation was a breakthrough in reproductive biology, and ... Greenblatt, R., & Mahesh, V. (1965). Induction of Ovulation with Clomiphene Citrate. In T. Schwartz, Yearbook of Endocrinology ... clomiphene citrate is today the first choice in treating ovulatory disorders. He also showed that the drug Danazol was useful ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Benjamin_Greenblatt

Purvin, VA (Apr 1995). "Visual disturbance secondary to clomiphene citrate". Archives of Ophthalmology. 113 (4): 482-4. doi: ... Trazodone, nefazodone, mirtazapine, topiramate, clomiphene, oral contraceptives, and risperidone have been reported to cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinopsia

Clomiphene and oral contraceptives are the only prescription drugs reported to cause permanent symptoms. HPPD is most common ... Purvin, VA (Apr 1995). "Visual disturbance secondary to clomiphene citrate". Archives of Ophthalmology. 113 (4): 482-4. doi: ... Trazodone, nefazodone, mirtazapine, topiramate, clomiphene, oral contraceptives, and risperidone have been reported to cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusory_palinopsia

MER-25 is closely related to clomiphene citrate (Clomid) according to Kistner's 1965 review. "Robert W. Kistner, 72, ... Kistner RW (December 1965). "Induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (clomid)". Obstet Gynecol Surv. 20 (6): 873-900. ... "Induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (clomid)" "Histological effects of progestins on hyperplasia and carcinoma in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kistner

... and the combination therapy of metformin and clomiphene citrate did not provide a significant benefit compared to clomiphene ... Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is the most widely used fertility drug. Other medications in ... Though there is no FDA indication for the use of clomiphene in male infertility, it has been prescribed since the 1960s. As of ... A meta-analysis analyzing live birth rates for women with PCOS treated with clomiphene compared to letrozole found that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_medication

Marc Raimondi (2018-06-12). "USADA suspends Michal Oleksiejczuk one year for testing positive for clomiphene". mmafighting.com ... overturned after he tested positive for clomiphene. The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses: Fight of the Night: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_219

Vandekerckhove P, Lilford R, Vail A, Hughes E (2000). "Clomiphene or tamoxifen for idiopathic oligo/asthenospermia". Cochrane ... clomifene, fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole, and, only in men, pure antiandrogens such as flutamide, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progonadotropin

Kovacs, P (2004). "HCG injection after ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate". Medscape. Retrieved 2011-08-01. CS1 maint ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvaginal_oocyte_retrieval

He originally tested positive for clomiphene and hydroxyclomiphene. On February 1, a report came out revealing that Silva ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFC_Fight_Night:_Bisping_vs._Gastelum

2015). "Letrozole, Gonadotropin, or Clomiphene for Unexplained Infertility". N Engl J Med. 373 (13): 1230-1240. doi:10.1056/ ... as compared with gonadotropin but not with clomiphene. In women, side effects include an increased risk for developing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatase_inhibitor

Clomifene is a mixture of estrogenic (cis-form) and antiestrogenic isomers (trans-form). Cis and trans are defined in terms of ... SERMs like clomifene and tamoxifen are comparatively more in the middle in their IA and their balance of estrogenic and ... Clomifene successfully induced ovulation in subfertile women and on February 1, 1967, it was approved in the US for the ... Clomifene and torimefene produce binding affinities similar to that of tamoxifen. Thus, these two drugs are more selective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulator

Clomiphene citrate has been used with modest success. The combination of tamoxifen plus testosterone was reported to improve ... Empirically many medical approaches have been tried including clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, HMG, FSH, HCG, testosterone, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligospermia

Clomid (Clomifene), for female infertility. Dupixent (Dupilumab), for eczema, marketed by Regeneron. Eligard (Leuprorelin), for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi

A team at William S. Merrell Chemical Company led by Frank Palopoli synthesized clomifene in 1956 (to stimulate ovulation); ... pharmacology and clinical experience with clomiphene citrate" (PDF). Human Reproduction Update. 2 (6): 483-506. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_Merrell_Dow

For subfertility, treatment may include clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins. Hypothalamic-pituitary-prolactin axis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoprolactinemia

Puebla RA, Greenblatt RB (September 1964). "Clomiphene citrate in the treatment of anovulatory uterine bleeding". J. Clin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)

In 2006 Cheromei was found guilty of clomiphene doping. The sample was delivered on 24 February 2005 in an out-of-competition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia_Cheromei

HCG Injection After Ovulation Induction With Clomiphene Citrate at Medscape. By Peter Kovacs. Posted: 04/23/2004 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-HCG

Clomifene seems to be less effective than tamoxifen or raloxifene. Tamoxifen may be used for painful gynecomastia in adults. ... Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and clomifene may be beneficial in the treatment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynecomastia

... comparing clomiphene with metformin, clomiphene was more effective than metformin alone. Following this study, the ESHRE/ASRM- ... Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD (2007). "Clomiphene, Metformin, or Both for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome". N ... Medications in use for this effect are mainly clomifene citrate and tamoxifen (both being selective estrogen-receptor ... Subsequent randomized studies have confirmed the lack of evidence for adding metformin to clomiphene. Legro RS (February 2007 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anovulation

... and metform plus clomiphene may be better than clomiphene alone, but that in both cases women may be more likely to experience ... but it appears less effective than letrozole or clomiphene. For women not responsive to letrozole or clomiphene and diet and ... Efforts to improve fertility include weight loss, clomiphene, or metformin. In vitro fertilization is used by some in whom ... Hu, Shifu; Yu, Qiong; Wang, Yingying; Wang, Mei; Xia, Wei; Zhu, Changhong (May 2018). "Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome

Examples of anti-estrogens are: anastrozole, clomiphene, tamoxifen, and formestane. Anastrozole, brand name Arimidex, is a type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCAA_banned_substances

HCG Injection After Ovulation Induction With Clomiphene Citrate at Medscape. By Peter Kovacs. Posted: 23 April 2004 Humaidan P ... It generally involves antiestrogens such as clomifene citrate or letrozole, and is followed by natural or artificial ... November 2014). "How long should we continue clomiphene citrate in anovulatory women?". Human Reproduction. 29 (11): 2482-6. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation

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The traditional approach to ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate involves administration of 50mg/day for five days (starting on cycle day 3, 4, or 5). (clinicaltrials.gov)
The manufacturer of where to 50mg is a global About 30 per cent of women with PCOS are resistant to clomifene citrate. (masterplumbers.com)
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During cycles 2-6, clomiphene citrate was added with increments of 50mg (up to 200 mg/day) for both groups. (nih.gov)
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Clomiphene is used to induce ovulation (egg production) in women who do not produce ova (eggs) but wish to become pregnant (infertility). (medlineplus.gov)
Clomiphene is also sometimes used to treat male infertility, menstrual abnormalities, fibrocystic breasts, and persistent breast milk production. (medlineplus.gov)
Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. (nih.gov)
Clomiphene or metformin for PCOS infertility? (nih.gov)
Clomiphene citrate (CC) represents the first therapeutic option for treating the anovulatory infertility in PCOS patients because it is characterized by low costs, limited dose-dependent side effects, and simplicity of administration and management due to no need for ongoing monitoring. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Clomiphene is sometimes used together with other medicines and infertility treatments. (emedicinehealth.com)
There is limited evidence that clomiphene makes pregnancy more likely for couples with unexplained infertility. (emedicinehealth.com)
Of women whose infertility is caused only by absent or infrequent ovulation, with clomiphene treatment approximately 80 out of 100 women will ovulate. (emedicinehealth.com)
Congenital Malformations among Babies Born Following Letrozole or Clomiphene for Infertility Treatment. (biomedsearch.com)
infertility and used Clomiphene Citrate (dosage: NA) starting NS. (patientsville.com)
The purpose of our study was to conduct a placebo controlled, double-blind randomized trial in chronic oligoovulatory or anovulatory , hyperandrogenic, infertility patients comparing the effects of adjuvant metformin plus clomiphene citrate to clomiphene citrate plus placebo on pregnancy rates and ovulation rates. (clinicaltrials.gov)
We hypothesized that combining metformin with clomiphene citrate would result in higher ovulation and pregnancy rates in hyperandrogenic women who have chronic oligoovulation or anovulation as the sole etiology for their infertility and who have unknown responsiveness to clomiphene citrate. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Therefore, it remains unknown if the use of metformin plus clomiphene citrate in non-selected, infertility patients with PCOS improves ovulation and pregnancy rates compared to the use of clomiphene citrate alone. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Women with a history of infertility and diagnosed with hyperandrogenic, oligoovulatory or anovulatory cycles as the sole etiology for their infertility were randomized to receive clomiphene citrate 50 mg days 5-9, plus metformin 500 mg three times daily versus clomiphene plus placebo. (clinicaltrials.gov)
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You should not use clomiphene if you have: liver disease, abnormal vaginal bleeding, an uncontrolled adrenal gland or thyroid disorder, an ovarian cyst (unrelated to polycystic ovary syndrome), or if you are pregnant. (cigna.com)
Clomiphene is used to cause ovulation in women with certain medical conditions (such as polycystic ovary syndrome) that prevent naturally occurring ovulation. (cigna.com)
We randomly assigned 626 infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome to receive clomiphene citrate plus placebo, extended-release metformin plus placebo, or a combination of metformin and clomiphene for up to 6 months. (nih.gov)
Clomiphene is superior to metformin in achieving live birth in infertile women with the polycystic ovary syndrome, although multiple birth is a complication. (nih.gov)
Before trying clomiphene, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who are overweight are advised to lower their body mass index (BMI) with diet and exercise . (emedicinehealth.com)
Clomiphene alone may not be an effective treatment for most women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and severe insulin resistance , which is closely linked to obesity . (emedicinehealth.com)
It is not clear if this is related to an early hormonal effect on the egg or to preexisting conditions such as age or polycystic ovary syndrome, which are found more often in women who take clomiphene. (emedicinehealth.com)
Is clomiphene citrate or metformin effective in reducing hirsutism secondary to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? (medscape.com)
Do antioestrogens including clomiphene improve fertility in women with anovulation associated with polycystic ovary syndrome? (cochrane.org)
To determine the relative effectiveness of antioestrogen agents including clomiphene alone or in combination with other medical therapies in women with subfertility associated with anovulation, possibly caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome. (cochrane.org)
Pregnancy following laparoscopic ovarian drilling for clomiphene resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome. (biomedsearch.com)
We present a case of a 29 year old nulliparous woman with clomiphene resistance polycystic ovarian syndrome. (biomedsearch.com)
In assisted reproduction clinics, clomiphene citrate is commonly used to induce ovulation, especially in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. (nih.gov)
Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy vs clomiphene citrate plus metformin as second-line strategy for infertile anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. (curehunter.com)
Management strategies for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and known clomifene citrate resistance. (curehunter.com)
Efficacy predictors for metformin and clomiphene citrate treatment in anovulatory infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. (curehunter.com)
Clomiphene citrate versus metformin as first-line approach for the treatment of anovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. (curehunter.com)
Effects of metformin and clomiphene citrate on ovarian vascularity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. (curehunter.com)
Uterine effects of clomiphene citrate in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective controlled study. (curehunter.com)
Efficacy of laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships with chronological and ovarian age. (curehunter.com)
Metformin administration and laparoscopic ovarian drilling improve ovarian response to clomiphene citrate (CC) in oligo-anovulatory CC-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (curehunter.com)
Prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in nonobese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (curehunter.com)
Are laparoscopic ovarian diathermy and gonadotropin administration the only therapeutic second-steps in clomiphene-citrate resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome? (curehunter.com)
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), defined as chronic oligoovulation or anovulation and hyperandrogenism, are primarily treated with clomiphene citrate as first line therapy if they desire pregnancy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Objective To compare the effectiveness of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome. (bmj.com)
Conclusion Metformin is not an effective addition to clomifene citrate as the primary method of inducing ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (bmj.com)
The first choice drug in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome is the antioestrogen clomifene citrate. (bmj.com)
Three quarters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome will ovulate with clomifene citrate. (bmj.com)
Recently, the addition of metformin, an insulin sensitiser, to clomifene citrate has been proposed as an alternative first line treatment option for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (bmj.com)
Metformin is now the most widely used insulin sensitiser for induction of ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and may improve ovulation rates when combined with clomifene citrate in clomifene citrate resistant women. (bmj.com)
To study the effect of metformin in combination with clomiphene citrate, as compared with placebo plus clomiphene citrate, on the ovulation and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. (nih.gov)
Twenty-eight clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome women were evaluated prospectively for 6 treatment cycles by receiving metformin, 850mg twice daily throughout the cycle along with 50 mg clomiphene citrate, starting on day 5-9 of the same cycle (N=16), or by taking placebo with clomiphene citrate (N=12). (nih.gov)
Metformin-clomiphene citrate regimen in resistant-clomiphene citrate polycystic ovary syndrome women significantly increases the ovulation and pregnancy rates, and decreases the occurrence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. (nih.gov)

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Clomifene is sometimes used in the treatment of male hypogonadism as an alternative to testosterone replacement therapy. (wikipedia.org)
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In this study we investigated the efficacy of clomiphene citrate in the treatment of hypogonadism with the objectives of raising endogenous serum testosterone (T) and improving the testosterone/estrogen (T/E) ratio. (rxmuscle.com)
The drug use is most justified in bodybuilding in the period of post-cycle therapy, nothing so quickly restores its own testosterone as clomiphene citrate does. (overtheriverinfo.com)
Clomiphene restores normal Testosterone levels and improves sperm motility in most male patients. (ironmagazine.com)
4. Basal prolactin and the behaviour of the gonadotrophins, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, and the sex-hormone-binding globulin during stimulation with clomiphene in subjects with spermatogenic disorders. (ironmagazine.com)
Side Effects (Estrogenic): Testosterone is promptly better than Nolvadex® and/or Proviron®, as it facilitates the state during the "clomiphene citrate to buy heavy" cycles. (furoshiki.com)
where to buy Clomiphene online Participants not completing the the Testosterone Enanthate that is in the middle of that range naturally produced in your body. (gnutelephony.org)
Directly after treatment started, patient experienced the unwanted or unexpected Clomiphene side effects: polycythaemia vera, off label use, blood testosterone increased. (patientsville.com)
You only really start to see negative side buy Clomiphene no prescription effects when you are using Testosterone buy Clomiphene no prescription Enanthate to supplement your already normal or high levels of testosterone, but even then it is relatively easy to avoid negative side effects completely. (glisa.org)
Symptomatic hypogonadal men treated with clomiphene citrate (Clomid) or testosterone gels report similar satisfaction levels as age-matched men treated with testosterone injections, despite having significantly lower serum total testosterone levels, according to the findings of a recent retrospective study from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. (urologytimes.com)
Four age-matched groups of 31 men each were created comprising three testosterone supplementation cohorts treated with clomiphene, testosterone injections, or testosterone gel and a control group of untreated men. (urologytimes.com)
Mean testosterone increased significantly in all treated groups: from 247 to 504 ng/dL in clomiphene-treated men, 224 to 1,104 ng/dL in the testosterone injection group, and 230 to 412 ng/dL in men using testosterone gel. (urologytimes.com)
Pairwise comparisons showed the follow-up testosterone level was significantly different between the testosterone injection and clomiphene groups, but not between the clomiphene and testosterone gel groups. (urologytimes.com)
There were no statistically significant differences in mean qADAM scores among the clomiphene, testosterone injection, and testosterone gel groups (35, 39, and 36, respectively), and interestingly, they were also not significantly different compared to the men not on testosterone supplementation (34). (urologytimes.com)
Ranjith Ramasamy, MD"The efficacy of oral clomiphene citrate for increasing testosterone levels and improving ADAM scores in hypogonadal men has been reported, but we were interested in evaluating how satisfied patients were with their outcomes. (urologytimes.com)
Based on use of a validated, standardized questionnaire, it appears that overall satisfaction is similar in men taking clomiphene and those on injectable and topical forms of testosterone replacement," said first author Ranjith Ramasamy, MD, fellow in male reproductive medicine and surgery at Baylor College of Medicine, who presented the findings at the AUA annual meeting in Orlando, FL. (urologytimes.com)
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Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid, Serophene) was introduced into clinical medicine for the treatment of anovulation in the 1960's. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
The two most common fertility medications used to promote ovulation include Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid or Serophene) and Gonadotropins (Follistim, Menopur, Bravelle and Gonal-F). (pacificfertilitycenter.com)

Talk to your doctor if you have concerns about the possible effects of clomiphene on a new pregnancy. (cigna.com)
What are the possible side effects of clomiphene? (cigna.com)
Common side effects of clomiphene include hot flashes, upset stomach, and nausea. (medicineshoppe.com)
Nakamura Y, Ono M, Yoshida Y, Sugino N, Ueda K, Kato H (1997) Effects of clomiphene citrate on the endometrial thickness and echogenic pattern of the endometrium. (springer.com)

Long-term use of clomiphene may increase the risk of ovarian cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Using clomiphene for longer than 3 treatment cycles may increase your risk of developing an ovarian tumor. (cigna.com)
Perform a clomiphene challenge test , which is sometimes used to evaluate a woman's ovulation and egg quality ( ovarian reserve ). (emedicinehealth.com)
Clomiphene is often used in the process of ovarian hyper-stimulation and in the in-vitro fertilization procedure. (theimagearchitect.com)
Location: TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA , 31 years of age, Directly after treatment started, patient experienced the unwanted or unexpected Clomiphene side effects: ovarian torsion, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. (patientsville.com)
Never take clomiphene if you are pregnant, have liver disease, or have ovarian cysts. (medicineshoppe.com)
Ovarian enlargement may occur during or shortly after therapy with clomiphene. (medicineshoppe.com)
To minimize the risks associated with ovarian enlargement, inform your doctor of any abdominal or pelvic pain, weight gain, discomfort, and/or bloating after taking clomiphene. (medicineshoppe.com)
Insignificant increase in the rate of ovarian hyperstimulation was noted in the placebo-clomiphene citrate group. (nih.gov)
Letrozole has been used for ovarian stimulation by fertility doctors since 2001 because it has fewer side-effects than clomiphene and less chance of multiple gestation. (wikipedia.org)

After just 7 days of clomiphene citrate administration (100mg daily), mean serum total T and non-SHBG-bound levels in young men increased by a whopping 100% and 304%, respectively, while in older men these values increased by only 32% and 8%, Similar to previous observations, LH and FSH levels showed a significant elevation in response to clomiphene citrate over the response to placebo. (ironmagazine.com)
However, women with PCOS have lower than expected pregnancy rates in response to clomiphene citrate. (clinicaltrials.gov)

ovulation induction and was treated with Clomiphene Citrate (dosage: NA) starting NS. (patientsville.com)
and was treated with Clomiphene Citrate . (patientsville.com)

To help you remember to take clomiphene, take it around the same time every day. (medlineplus.gov)
Take clomiphene exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
How should I take clomiphene? (cigna.com)
You will most likely ovulate within 5 to 10 days after you take clomiphene. (cigna.com)
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you should know that clomiphene increases the chance of multiple pregnancy (twins or more). (medlineplus.gov)
In such cases, studies have observed a clinical pregnancy rate 5.6% per cycle with clomifene treatment vs. 1.3%-4.2% per cycle without treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Among pregnancies, the rate of multiple pregnancy was 6.0% in the clomiphene group, 0% in the metformin group, and 3.1% in the combination-therapy group. (nih.gov)
With the exception of pregnancy complications, adverse-event rates were similar in all groups, though gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent, and vasomotor and ovulatory symptoms less frequent, in the metformin group than in the clomiphene group. (nih.gov)
Of women who become pregnant after clomiphene therapy, about 7 to 10 out of 100 have a multiple pregnancy. (emedicinehealth.com)
The purpose of this study is to compare the length of time to achieve ovulation and pregnancy with a traditional protocol administration of clomiphene citrate versus a stair step administration. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Our hypothesis is by using a stair-step approach in which a period is not induced between administrations of escalating doses of clomiphene citrate, the time to ovulation and pregnancy may be reduced. (clinicaltrials.gov)
CLOMIPHENE (KLOE mi feen) is a fertility drug that increases the chance of pregnancy. (ahealthyme.com)
She achieved a pregnancy four months later following clomiphene citrate ovulation induction. (biomedsearch.com)
However, some women have clomiphene citrate resistance and either ovulation is not triggered by the drug or ovulation is induced but the pregnancy still fails. (nih.gov)
Early studies with Clomiphene suggested that up to 80% of patients could respond favorably (by successfully ovulating) and approximately half of those who ovulated achieved pregnancy. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
In conclusion, prior to initiating clomiphene, all patients should be given progesterone in an attempt in induce a period (after a negative pregnancy test), an FSH level if a period is not induced, and both a thyroid test (TSH) and a prolactin level. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
This case suggests a potential Clomiphene Citrate Heterotopic Pregnancy side effect(s) that can have serious consequences. (patientsville.com)
Although Clomiphene Citrate demonstrated significant improvements in a number of clinically relevant cases, troublesome symptoms, such as Heterotopic Pregnancy , may still occur. (patientsville.com)
This opens a possibility that Clomiphene Citrate could cause Ectopic Pregnancy and that some female subjects may be more susceptible. (patientsville.com)
Clomiphene helps promote ovulation and pregnancy in women who have dysfunctional ovaries. (medicineshoppe.com)
Clomiphene is a prescription medication used to induce ovulation and promote pregnancy in women who have dysfunctional ovaries but wish to become pregnant. (medicineshoppe.com)
Is the use of clomiphene and metformin during pregnancy fine? (ndtv.com)
Home » Frequently asked Questions on Health » Is the use of clomiphene and metformin during pregnancy fine? (ndtv.com)
Secondary outcome measures were ongoing pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and clomifene resistance. (bmj.com)

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The traditional administration of clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction involves taking clomiphene citrate for 5 days. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The stair-step administration of clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction also involves taking clomiphene citrate for 5 days. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Provided there is enough substrate present for the liver when it was happening at buy Clomiphene tablets first. (flylyf.com)
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We found evidence that clomiphene citrate has some antioxidant properties similar to those observed with other selective oestrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen. (nih.gov)

Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose of clomiphene. (cigna.com)
Then a higher dose of clomiphene citrate will be prescribed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The dose of clomiphene will then be increased. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Increased dose of clomiphene citrate for 5 days starting on cycle day 5. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The stair-step protocol the dose of clomiphene citrate would be increased without administering progestin and inducing a period. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This would eliminate the days of progestin (10 days) and the waiting for the period (usually 3 to 7 days) and finally waiting to start clomiphene citrate on cycle day 3 at the earliest (3 more days) for a total of up to 20 days difference for the 100 mg dose of clomid. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Each patient was treated with a daily dose of 25 mg clomiphene citrate and followed prospectively. (rxmuscle.com)
If the efficacy of Clomiphene is not found to be enough, then the doctor might increase the dose. (theimagearchitect.com)
If any of the above symptoms occur, then the doctor must be contacted immediately and if possible the Clomiphene dose can be temporarily discontinued. (theimagearchitect.com)
If any allergic reactions or any negative symptom is seen, then the doctor must be immediately contacted after discontinuing the Clomiphene dose for some time. (theimagearchitect.com)
Another concern has been whether a patient's weight should be used to select the appropriate dose of clomiphene, or to predict those women who might be resistant. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
It does appear that patients who weigh more, require higher doses of clomiphene, but in any one patient, weight cannot be used to predict the dose that will successfully induce ovulation. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
The dose of clomiphene was increased up to a maximum dose of 250 mg in a step-wise fashion until ovulation was confirmed with an ovulation predictor kit. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Once ovulation was confirmed the subjects continued the ovulatory dose of clomiphene for 6 ovulatory cycles or until conception. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients who do not ovulate on the maximum dose of 150 mg are considered to be clomifene citrate resistant. (bmj.com)
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Clomiphene may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (cigna.com)
Clomifene is in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) family of medication and is a nonsteroidal medication. (wikipedia.org)
Although the therapeutic armamentarium has expanded significantly in recent years, clomiphene citrate(CC) remains the most commonly prescribed ovulation-inducing medication and is the most appropriate initial choice in the largest majority of anovulatory infertile women. (glowm.com)
Clomiphene is the active ingredient prevalent in Fertomid Medication. (avalonpharmacy.com)
In the case of clomiphene, there are no specific foods that you must exclude from your diet when receiving this medication. (medicineshoppe.com)
Clomiphene is a long trusted oral medication relied upon for its safety, effectiveness and relatively low cost. (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
Clomifene citrate (or clomid) is the medication which is most commonly used to treat anovulation. (wikipedia.org)

The comparison of clomiphene citrate plus medical adjunctive versus clomiphene alone was limited by the number of trials reporting the comparison. (cochrane.org)
Al-Fozan H, Al-Khadouri M, Tan SL, Tulandi T (2004) A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation. (springer.com)

How Long Should First-line Treatment be Continued in Infertile PCOS Patients Who Ovulate Under Clomiphene Citrate? (clinicaltrials.gov)
Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate, metformin, or both does not alter hirsutism in infertile hirsute women with PCOS. (medscape.com)
Prior to Clomiphene, patients with PCOS who were anovulatory had few options besides weight loss and surgical wedge resection of the ovaries. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Patients with PCOS are in Group II and clearly can respond to clomiphene in most cases. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Approximately 20% of women with PCOS are resistant to clomiphene citrate. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The present study aimed to compare the effects of letrozole (LE) and clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction in women with PCOS. (springer.com)

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Clomiphene also directly stimulates the Hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal axis, thus leading to the increased production in the levels of gonadotropin. (theimagearchitect.com)
Most patients in Group I will not ovulate in response to clomiphene because the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is not functioning normally. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
In addition, the hormone prolactin may be elevated in patients with a pituitary tumor or an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) may be cause clomiphene resistance if not detected. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Clomiphene is a synthetic chemical, taken orally, that binds to estrogen receptors in the brain and causes pituitary FSH levels to rise (see below). (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
Clomiphene triggers the brain's pituitary gland to secrete an increased amount of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and LH (luteinizing hormone). (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
9 Clomifene citrate enhances release of pituitary gonadotrophins, resulting in follicular recruitment. (bmj.com)

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The purpose of this article is to compare the effects of letrozole and clomiphene on the morphology of the endometrium during pre-ovulation and the receptivity of the endometrium during implantation. (ijpsonline.com)

Clomiphene Citrate (often referred as Clomid ) is an amazing anti estrogen that is being classified as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) and is one of the most commonly used SERM's by the anabolic steroid users nowadays. (madcowboy.com)
Clomiphene (this name is adopted in the USA) or Clomifene (international name) is a SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) drug, which is sold in the market under popular trade names such as Clomid. (theimagearchitect.com)
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is a SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) similar to Tamoxifen. (ironmagazine.com)

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Clomiphene should not be used for more than about six cycles. (medlineplus.gov)
In most cases, clomiphene should not be used for more than 3 treatment cycles. (cigna.com)
It is not recommended by the manufacturer to use clomifene for more than 6 cycles. (wikipedia.org)
Clomiphene therapy is typically used for 5 consecutive days early in the menstrual cycle , for 3 to 6 monthly cycles. (emedicinehealth.com)
If she does not become pregnant after 6 cycles, it is unlikely that further clomiphene treatment will be successful. (emedicinehealth.com)
Therefore, this would do away with the 10 days of taking the progestin pill, and also do away with waiting for a period (usually 3 to 7 days) for a total of up to a 20 day difference between clomiphene citrate dosing cycles. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Such a buy Clomiphene online UK discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of steroid supplementation would with renal failure because medicine that is delivered directly are taking lower buy anabolic steroid cycles online quantities of any one drug. (whatdoiknow.org)
Clomiphene is used to treat absent or irregular menstrual cycles ( ovulation induction ), to address a condition called luteal phase defect by increasing progesterone secretion during the second half of the cycle and to make menstrual cycle lengths more predictable, thus improving the timing of intercourse or artificial insemination. (pacificfertilitycenter.com)
Young SL, Opsahl MS, Fritz MA (1999) Serum concentrations of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene across consecutive cycles of clomiphene citrate therapy in anovulatory infertile women. (springer.com)
Randall JM, Templeton A (1991) Cervical mucus score and in vitro sperm mucus interaction in spontaneous and clomiphene citrate cycles. (springer.com)
In women with anovulation, it may be an alternative after 7 - 12 attempted cycles of antiestrogens (as evidenced by clomifene citrate), since the latter ones are less expensive and more easy to control. (wikipedia.org)

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you should know that clomiphene may cause blurred vision. (medlineplus.gov)
Clomiphene can also cause blurred vision and/or dizziness. (medicineshoppe.com)

METHODS AND MATERIAL: A total of 623 children born to infertile women who conceived naturally or following clomiphene citrate or letrozole treatment were included in this study. (biomedsearch.com)

Clomiphene and insulin sensitizers are used alone and in combination to induce ovulation, but it is unknown whether one approach is superior. (nih.gov)
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Clomifene is one of several alternatives for ovulation induction in those who are infertile due to anovulation or oligoovulation. (wikipedia.org)
The main use of Clomiphene like SERM drug is to increase the production of gonadotropin within the female body, and hence fight with the issues related to oligoovulation or anovulation. (theimagearchitect.com)
Females, who are infertile, generally face issues either due to oligoovulation or anovulation, and hence Clomiphene fights the root cause of both these cases. (theimagearchitect.com)

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Clomiphene citrate (CC) and related triarylethylene antiestrogens to antagonize the growth promoting effect of estrogens in target tissues have focused attention on the potential application of these compounds in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer treatment and prevention [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Clomiphene citrate is a triphenylethylene compound, belonging to a family of synthetic nonsteroidal estrogens/antiestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). (hindawi.com)
Clomiphene works by inhibiting the function of the estrogen receptors present in the hypothalamus region of the brain. (theimagearchitect.com)
Therefore, Clomiphene directly inhibits the negative feedback mechanism on the production of gonadotropin done by the estrogen. (theimagearchitect.com)
Medications in use for this effect are mainly clomifene citrate and tamoxifen (both being selective estrogen-receptor modulators), as well as letrozole (an aromatase inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
Clomifene appears to inhibit estrogen receptors in hypothalamus, thereby inhibiting negative feedback of estrogen on FSH production. (wikipedia.org)
Tamoxifen affects estrogen receptors in a similar fashion as clomifene citrate. (wikipedia.org)

Clomiphene is a nonsteroidal fertility medicine. (cigna.com)
Also, it is difficult to determine whether the findings are due to the use of the clomiphene citrate or because these women had difficulty getting pregnant due to some underlying conditions that affected fertility. (cdc.gov)
Clomiphene is a non-steroidal fertility medicine. (bga.org.uk)
Clomid (Clomiphene) is a fertility agent used to stimulate ovulation in women who want to become pregnant. (medformula.com)

Clomiphene may also be used to enhance ovulation in women who are already ovulating ( ovulation augmentation ). (pacificfertilitycenter.com)

This process will be repeated at increased doses of clomiphene citrate (100 mg and 150 mg) until a dominant follicle(s) is present. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The question then becomes: What can be done for the patient who fails to ovulate at maximal doses of clomiphene? (contemporaryobgyn.net)
For those patients who do not ovulate after maximal doses of clomiphene, at least 10 different options have been proposed. (contemporaryobgyn.net)

KEY MESSAGES: Congenital malformations have been found to be comparable following natural conception, letrozole and clomiphene citrate. (biomedsearch.com)

2. Recovery of persistent hypogonadism by clomiphene in males with prolactinomas under dopamine agonist treatment. (ironmagazine.com)

There was no evidence of a difference between clomiphene and tamoxifen, a similar antioestrogen drug. (cochrane.org)

For example, oral antioestrogens such as clomiphene cause increased stimulation of the ovaries and aid ovulation. (cochrane.org)
Patients in Group III do not respond to clomiphene because the ovaries have stopped functioning. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
The use of clomiphene often causes the ovaries to produce two or three eggs per cycle. (pacificfertilitycenter.com)

Serum estradiol levels, starting 4-6 days after the last pill Post-coital test 1-3 days before ovulation to check whether there are at least 5 progressive sperm per HPF Adequacy of LH surge by urine LH surge tests 3 to 4 days after last clomifene pill Mid-luteal progesterone, with at least 10 ng/ml 7-9 days after ovulation being regarded as adequate. (wikipedia.org)
I designate it gangrene of the clomiphene average cost per pill. (wbcq.com)
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If you become pregnant while taking clomiphene, call your doctor immediately. (medlineplus.gov)
Do not use clomiphene if you are already pregnant. (cigna.com)
Experts used to think miscarriage rates were slightly higher in women who became pregnant using clomiphene. (emedicinehealth.com)
In some studies, miscarriage rates are slightly higher in women who become pregnant using clomiphene. (emedicinehealth.com)

Clomiphene is in a class of medications called ovulatory stimulants. (medlineplus.gov)
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to clomiphene or any other medications. (medlineplus.gov)
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Kidney disease Liver disease Too much calcium in the blood (or history of) (in females)-Anabolic steroids may worsen this condition by raising buy generic Clomiphene the amount of calcium in the blood even more. (whatdoiknow.org)
Histological and immunohistochemical results demonstrate that in the lizard Podarcis sicula during the mating period, Clomiphene as well as FSH determines the breakdown of spermatogenesis and the epididymal regression, presumably through estrogens input as indirectly demonstrated by the appearance of ER α and vitellogenin in the liver. (hindawi.com)
But still for women with drinking habits, who have chronic liver or gastrointestinal issues, or even heart issues, the doctor must be informed before taking Clomiphene treatment. (theimagearchitect.com)
But my races, i opine, desire the clomiphene online australian, and inst but the liver. (wbcq.com)
Because clomid clomiphene citrate buy the signs of CCF are engorged pulsatile neck vein, enlarged tender liver and dependentedema, which are absent in this patient. (happyvillager.com)

First-line oral treatment is with antioestrogens such as clomiphene citrate, but resistance may be apparent with clomiphene. (cochrane.org)

Human chorionic gonadotropin or clomiphene. (reed-electronics.com)

The Urologist prescribed Clomiphene Citrate USP 50 mg. (ndtv.com)

NOlva and Clomid tabs are made with Tamoxifen citrate and clomiphene citrate. (anabolicminds.com)

Anatomy3

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science6

Health Care5

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic appearance of the endometrium. (1/317)

Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin. (2/317)

Endometrial evaluation is not predictive for in vitro fertilization treatment. (3/317)

Effects of clomiphene citrate and progesterone on resting and proliferative cell-populations in resting and proliferative cell-populations in mouse uterine epithelium. (4/317)

Intrauterine insemination treatment in subfertility: an analysis of factors affecting outcome. (5/317)

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle. (6/317)

The effect of smoking on oocyte quality and hormonal parameters of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. (7/317)

Hormone and fertility drug use and the risk of neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. (8/317)

Clomiphene

Fertility Agents, Female

Ovulation Induction

Anovulation

Infertility, Female

Enclomiphene

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ethamoxytriphetol

Pregnancy Rate

Estrogen Antagonists

Nafoxidine

Ovulation

Electrocoagulation

Metformin

Live Birth

Pregnancy

Insemination, Artificial

Ovarian Function Tests

Gonadotropins

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Insemination, Artificial, Homologous

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

Reproductive Techniques

Amenorrhea

Superovulation

Infertility

Ovary

Estradiol

Luteinizing Hormone

Insemination

Fertilization in Vitro

Menstruation

Buserelin

Drug Resistance

Dydrogesterone

Birth Rate

Ovarian Follicle

Oligomenorrhea

Pregnancy, Multiple

Pregnancy Outcome

Pituitary Gland

Congenital Abnormalities

Gastroschisis

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced

Privacy

Confidentiality

Computer Security

Obstetrics

Gynecology

PubMed

Periodicals as Topic

Hyperandrogenism

Books

Endometrial oestrogen and progesterone receptors and their relationship to sonographic appearance of the endometrium. (1/317)

Uterine peristalsis during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle: effects of oestrogen, antioestrogen and oxytocin. (2/317)

Endometrial evaluation is not predictive for in vitro fertilization treatment. (3/317)

Effects of clomiphene citrate and progesterone on resting and proliferative cell-populations in resting and proliferative cell-populations in mouse uterine epithelium. (4/317)

Intrauterine insemination treatment in subfertility: an analysis of factors affecting outcome. (5/317)

Anovulations in an ovary during two menstrual cycles enhance the pregnancy potential of oocytes matured in that ovary during the following third cycle. (6/317)

The effect of smoking on oocyte quality and hormonal parameters of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. (7/317)

Hormone and fertility drug use and the risk of neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group. (8/317)

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