Cloacin
Bacteriocins
Enterobacter
Mitomycins
Iron Chelating Agents
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Plasmids
Receptors, Immunologic
Rhinoscleroma
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
Quality Control
Parabens
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Colicins
Encyclopedias as Topic
Membrane Proteins
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Research
Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)
Language Development
Research Design
Language Disorders
Ethics, Research
Ribavirin
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.
Hepatitis C, Chronic
Hepacivirus
Uridine Monophosphate
Interferon-alpha
One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.
Aclarubicin
Naphthacenes
Ranunculaceae
Daunorubicin
Idarubicin
Anthracyclines
Streptomyces
Flavoxate
Pharmacists
Markov Chains
Databases, Protein
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Polymorphism in the aerobactin-cloacin DF13 receptor genes from an enteroinvasive strain of Escherichia coli and pColV-K30 is associated only with a decrease in cloacin susceptibility. (1/26)
We have cloned chromosomal genes mediating the aerobactin iron transport system from the enteroinvasive strain Escherichia coli 978-77. The physical map of the region spanning the siderophore biosynthesis genes and the upstream portion of the receptor gene in strain 978-77-derived clones was identical to the corresponding regions in pColV-K30, while the downstream portion was different. Recombinant plasmids derived from strain 978-77 encoded a 76-kDa outer membrane protein, in contrast to the 74-kDa polypeptide encoded by similar clones derived from pColV-K30. No differences were found in the uptake of ferric aerobactin mediated by either the 76-kDa- or the 74-kDa-encoding plasmids. In contrast, cells containing the 76-kDa-encoding plasmids showed a 16-fold decrease in susceptibility to cloacin compared with cells harboring the 74-kDa-encoding plasmids. Two classes of chimeric aerobactin receptor genes were constructed by exchanging sequences corresponding to the downstream portion from the aerobactin receptor gene of both systems. The pColV-K30-978-77 chimeric gene encoded a 76-kDa outer membrane protein which mediated a low level of cloacin susceptibility, whereas the 978-77-pColV-K30 type encoded a protein of 74 kDa determining a level of cloacin susceptibility identical to that mediated by pColV-K30. (+info)Production and excretion of cloacin DF13 by Escherichia coli harboring plasmid CloDF13. (2/26)
The production and the mechanism of excretion of cloacin DF13 were investigated in noninduced and mitomycin C-induced cell cultures. A mitomycin C concentration was selected which did not cause lysis of cloacinogenic cells, but at the same time induced a maximal production of cloacin DF13. Native cloacin DF13, possessing killing activity, was first released into the cytoplasm. Shortly thereafter, the bacteriocin was transported through the cytoplasmic membrane and accumulated in the periplasm. Finally, cloacin DF13 was excreted into the culture medium. A small amount of cloacin DF13 remained associated with the cell surface. Producing cells did not become permeable for the cytoplasmic enzyme beta-galactosidase. Apparently the cloacin DF13 leaves the producing cells by an excretion process which is not similar to the mechanism proposed for bacterial secretory proteins. The processes of excretion by producing cells and of uptake by susceptible cells were also not identical because mutant cloacin DF13, which was not transported through the outer membrane into susceptible cells, was excreted like the wild-type cloacin DF13. The composition of the culture medium greatly affected production of cloacin DF13. The presence of sugars known to cause catabolite repression not only inhibited the production but also strongly reduced the excretion of cloacin DF13 into the culture medium. (+info)Changes in protein synthesis on mitomycin C induction of wild-type and mutant CloDF13 plasmids. (3/26)
Mitomycin C treatment of Escherichia coli K-12 cells containing the nonconjugative plasmid CloDF13 resulted in inhibition of host chromosome protein synthesis and a high rate of synthesis of two CloDF13-specified proteins whose molecular weights correspond to cloacin and immunity protein. Five molecules of immunity protein were synthesized for each cloacin DF13 molecule. Mitomycin C-treated cells containing a copy mutant of CloDF13 made three to four times as much of each protein as cells containing wild-type CloDF13. CloDF13 plasmids that contained the transposon Tn1 were isolated. Two did not induce after mitomycin C treatment, failing both to inhibit host cell synthesis and to produce the two new proteins. In minicells, they showed reduced CloDF13-specified protein synthesis and produced three Tn1-specified proteins. (+info)Uptake of cloacin DF13 by susceptible cells: removal of immunity protein and fragmentation of cloacin molecules. (4/26)
Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against different epitopes on the equimolar complex of cloacin and immunity protein (cloacin DF13) were isolated, characterized, and used to study the uptake of cloacin DF13 by susceptible cells. Four MAbs recognized the amino-terminal part, one MAb recognized the central part, and three MAbs recognized the carboxyl-terminal part of the cloacin molecule. Three MAbs reacted with the immunity protein. Five MAbs inhibited the lethal action of cloacin DF13, but none of the MAbs inhibited the binding of cloacin DF13 to its purified outer membrane receptor protein or the in vitro inactivation of ribosomes. Binding of cloacin DF13 to susceptible cells cultured in broth resulted in a specific, time-dependent dissociation of the complex and a fragmentation of the cloacin molecules. Increasing amounts of immunity protein were detected in the culture medium from about 20 min after the addition of cloacin DF13. Cloacin was fragmented into two carboxyl-terminal fragments with relative molecular masses of 50,000 and 10,000. The larger fragment was detected 5 min after the binding of the bacteriocin complex to the cells. The smaller fragment was detected after 10 min. Both fragments were associated with the cells and could not be detected in the culture supernatant fraction. Cells grown in brain heart infusion were much less susceptible to cloacin DF13 than cells grown in broth, although they possessed a similar number of outer membrane receptor molecules. This decreased susceptibility correlated with a decreased translocation, dissociation, and fragmentation of cloacin DF13. (+info)Methylation-dependent transcription controls plasmid replication of the CloDF13 cop-1(Ts) mutant. (5/26)
The CloDF13 cop-1(Ts) mutant expresses a temperature-dependent plasmid copy number. At 42 degrees C the mutant shows a "runaway" behavior, and cells harboring this plasmid are killed. The cop-1(Ts) mutation is a G-to-A transition that disturbs one of the two methylation sites which are located opposite in the stem-loop structure within a region involved in both the initiation of primer synthesis for DNA replication and the termination of the cloacin operon transcript. We demonstrate that the mutation results in an increased primer (RNA II) synthesis resulting from nonconditional enhanced RNA II promoter activity, which at 42 degrees C causes a decrease in the amount of active replication repressor molecules (RNA I) synthesized from the opposite strand. We found that the absence of Dam methylation abolishes the mutant phenotype and that under this condition the high mutant level of RNA II synthesis is reduced, which is accompanied by a restoration of the regulation by RNA I. The role of methylation in the regulation of plasmid replication is discussed. (+info)Expression in Escherichia coli K-12 of the 76,000-dalton iron-regulated outer membrane protein of Shigella flexneri confers sensitivity to cloacin DF13 in the absence of Shigella O antigen. (6/26)
One of the chromosomal segments associated with virulence in Shigella flexneri encodes the production of aerobactin and the synthesis of an iron-regulated 76-kilodalton outer membrane protein believed to be the ferric-aerobactin receptor. However, S. flexneri expressing this putative aerobactin receptor, which is slightly larger than that encoded by pColV, is insensitive to the killing action of cloacin DF13, a bacteriocin which binds to other aerobactin receptor proteins and kills the cells. In this paper we show that the conjugal transfer of DNA encoding the iron-regulated 76-kilodalton protein from S. flexneri to Escherichia coli K-12 conferred cloacin DF13 sensitivity on the recipients. However, E. coli K-12 which had also inherited genes specifying Shigella O-antigen biosynthesis remained cloacin insensitive. The data suggest that it is unwise to use cloacin DF13 sensitivity alone to screen transconjugants or clinical isolates for the expression of aerobactin receptor proteins. (+info)Novel aerobactin receptor in Klebsiella pneumoniae. (7/26)
Several Klebsiella pneumoniae strains which produced enterochelin but not aerobactin were nevertheless sensitive to cloacin DF13. In contrast, a strain of serotype K1:O1 which produced both siderophores was cloacin-resistant. Loss by mutation of the O1 but not K1 antigen rendered this strain cloacin-sensitive, indicating that the O1 antigen prevented access of cloacin to the cloacin/aerobactin receptor. Unlike the K1:O1 strain, the aerobactin-negative strains failed to hybridize in a colony blot assay with an aerobactin receptor gene probe prepared from pColV-K30. However, antisera raised against the 74 kDa pColV-K30 aerobactin receptor cross-reacted with a 76 kDa outer-membrane protein in each K. pneumoniae strain. In addition to the 76 kDa protein, the K1:O1 strain also produced a strongly cross-reacting 74 kDa protein. To determine whether these aerobactin-negative strains could use aerobactin, mutants unable to synthesize siderophores were isolated. Aerobactin promoted the growth of these mutants in iron-deficient media. The evidence presented suggests that some K. pneumoniae strains produce an aerobactin iron-uptake system without apparent production of aerobactin and which is probably based on a 76 kDa receptor, the gene for which does not hybridize with aerobactin receptor gene encoded on pColV-K30. (+info)pCloDF13-encoded bacteriocin release proteins with shortened carboxyl-terminal segments are lipid modified and processed and function in release of cloacin DF13 and apparent host cell lysis. (8/26)
By oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, stop codon mutations were introduced at various sites in the pCloDF13-derived bacteriocin release protein (BRP) structural gene. The expression, lipid modification (incorporation of [3H]palmitate), and processing (in the presence and absence of globomycin) of the various carboxyl-terminal shortened BRPs were analyzed by a special electrophoresis system and immunoblotting with an antiserum raised against a synthetic BRP peptide, and their functioning with respect to release of cloacin DF13, lethality, and apparent host cell lysis were studied in Sup-, supF, and supP strains of Escherichia coli. All mutant BRPs were stably expressed, lipid modified, and processed by signal peptidase II, albeit with different efficiencies. The BRP signal peptide appeared to be extremely stable and accumulated in induced cells. Full induction of the mutant BRPs, including the shortest containing only 4 amino acid residues of the mature polypeptide, resulted in phospholipase A-dependent and Mg2+-suppressible apparent cell lysis. The extent of this lysis varied with the mutant BRP used. Induction of all mutant BRPs also prevented colony formation, which appeared to be phospholipase A independent. One shortened BRP, containing 20 amino acid residues of the mature polypeptide, was still able to bring about the release of cloacin DF13. The results indicated that the 8-amino-acid carboxyl-terminal segment of the BRP contains a strong antigenic determinant and that a small segment between amino acid residues 17 and 21, located in the carboxyl-terminal half of the BRP, is important for release of cloacin DF13. Either the stable signal peptide or the acylated amino-terminal BRP fragments (or both) are involved in host cell lysis and lethality. (+info)
6 Best Time Release Protein Powder
Slow Release Protein | Sustained Release | BULK POWDERS
Buy Best Micellar Casein (Slow Release) Protein Powder in India
Micellar Casein | Slow Release Protein | Bulk Protein | Protein for Muscle |SFA Australian Protein
Slow Release vs Fast Release Protein - MrSupplement.com.au
Protein Package Blog | News, updates & releases | Protein Package UK | Protein Package
The Bridge Of Sighs 2004
Labrada Nutrition Lean Pro8 - All Pro Nutrition Inc.
Maxs Shred System | Sportys Health
Universal Nutrition Milk & Egg 1.5lbs - ADVSupplements.com
Muscle Shakes MASS All In One Protein Mini Jar - #RNC
MUSCLE MOOSE Muscle Mousse @ iFit
Amino Acids Archives - SuppLabs
ELITE XT
SKF 2 7205 BECBM DF Bearing Quote 2 7207 BECBM DF 2 7212 BECBM DF 2 7217 BECBM DF 2 7219 BECBM DF Bearings
Muscle Beach Nutrition 100 All-Pro Advanced Tri-Phase Release Protein Cookies N Cream
CNP Professional Pro Peptide + CNP Pro Glutamine Caps - Bundle deals from monstersupplements.com | Monster Supplements
Which Protein before bed!? / Resource | Monster Supplements
Shedding Pounds and Doubts: Casein Protein and You
Dymatize Elite Casein Protein : Slow digesting Protein Source : NZ Muscle
Professionalism | WebGURU
Rule 1 Casein - Muscle Coach Supplements
Slow & Grow Casein Pure - Protein Supplies Australia
Bacteriocinogenic plasmids | definition of bacteriocinogenic plasmids by Medical dictionary
Locteron Development Team: Interview with Ruud Verrijk | Controlled Release Society (CRS)
Allmax Nutrition HEXAPRO Cinnamon Bun 3 lb - 31 Servings
Egg White Albumen Powder by International Protein | Mr Supplement
Buy MacroLife Naturals MacroMeal Vegan Chocolate (15 servings)
at Mighty Ape NZ
February 2007
Quantitating the complete human proteome | EurekAlert! Science News
AllMax Nutrition CaseinFX - GotProtein.com
MASS RELOADED ALL-IN-ONE ADVANCED GAINER - BetancourtReloaded
How to Get Rid of Candida Forever | BioresonanceTherapy.eu
N-PRO Premium Qulaity Lean Protein Milk Chocolate 4lb
- JV Nutrition LLP
R: The Studentized Range Distribution
CRITICAL MASS - BIG MUSCLES NUTRITION GAINERS 1 KG ⋆ The Protein Hub
ALLMAX Nutrition, Quick Mass, Rapid Mass Gain Catalyst,, Vanilla, 6 lbs (2.72 kg) - iHerb
Project : USDA ARS
Champion Performance - Metabolol II Chocolate Brownie 2.2 Pounds - Save 26%
MHP, Up Your Mass, XXXL 1350, French Vanilla Creme, 6 lbs (2728 g) - iHerb
8475 w[*]; Df(2R)Nipped-D/CyO, P{w[+mC]=GAL4-Kr.C}DC3, P{w[+mC]=UAS-GFP.S65T}DC7
Kazuhisa Inao - Wikipedia
Where Do I Buy Prednisone, Buy Prednisone Overnight Delivery, Buy Prednisolone 40 Mg
Lactococcin-A immunity protein elisa and antibody
Plus it
Daiwa Longbow DF Carp Rods | Angling Direct
CytoSport - Muscle Milk Gainer Vanilla Creme 5 Pounds - Save 15%
Study finds immunity protein that ramps up inflammation, and agents that can block it
Colicin
Cloacin DF13 is a bacteriocin that inactivates ribosomes by hydrolysing 16S RNA in 30S ribosomes at a specific site. Because ...
Cloacin immunity protein
It complexes with cloacin in equimolar quantities and inhibits it by binding with high affinity to the cloacin C-terminal ... In molecular biology, the cloacin immunity protein is produced by bacteria if they contain a certain plasmid. It inhibits the ... more immunity protein than cloacin is synthesised. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence of the Clo DF13 immunity ... bacterial polypeptide toxin, cloacin, which is produced by the same or other bacteria. ...
Cloacin immunity protein - Wikipedia
It complexes with cloacin in equimolar quantities and inhibits it by binding with high affinity to the cloacin C-terminal ... In molecular biology, the cloacin immunity protein is produced by bacteria if they contain a certain plasmid. It inhibits the ... more immunity protein than cloacin is synthesised. Comparison of the complete amino acid sequence of the Clo DF13 immunity ... bacterial polypeptide toxin, cloacin, which is produced by the same or other bacteria. ...
Application and assessment of cloacin typing of Enterobacter cloacae. - Semantic Scholar
When all the isolates were typed by cloacin susceptibility, 81.5% of them were typable. Maximum discrimination between cultures ... Application and assessment of cloacin typing of Enterobacter cloacae.. @article{Daw1992ApplicationAA, title={Application and ... assessment of cloacin typing of Enterobacter cloacae.}, author={Mohamed A Daw and Gerard D. Corcoran and F. R. Falkiner and ...
Identification of pathogen-specific and conserved genes expressed in vivo by an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain | PNAS
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (Schroeter) Trevisan ATCC ®
Colicins-Exocellular lethal proteins of Escherichia coli | SpringerLink
pCloDF13-encoded bacteriocin release proteins with shortened carboxyl-terminal segments are lipid modified and processed and...
... was still able to bring about the release of cloacin DF13. The results indicated that the 8-amino-acid carboxyl-terminal ... and their functioning with respect to release of cloacin DF13, lethality, and apparent host cell lysis were studied in Sup-, ... is important for release of cloacin DF13. Either the stable signal peptide or the acylated amino-terminal BRP fragments (or ... release proteins with shortened carboxyl-terminal segments are lipid modified and processed and function in release of cloacin ...
Colicin - Wikipedia
Table of Contents | Journal of Bacteriology
Relationship between the Tsh Autotransporter and Pathogenicity of Avian Escherichia coli and Localization and Analysis of the...
Molecular cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the structural gene for the hemolytic toxin aerolysin from Aeromonas...
Miguel A. Valvano - Research output
- Queen's University Belfast
Role of tol genes in cloacin DF13 susceptibility of Escherichia coli K-12 strains expressing the cloacin DF13-aerobactin ... Diphenylamine increases cloacin DF13 sensitivity in avian septicemic strains of Escherichia coli. Valvano, M. A., 1992, In: ... Immunological variants of the aerobactin-cloacin DF13 outer membrane protein receptor IutA among enteric bacteria. Bouchet, A ...
DeCS
1E44 | Genus
Kudos - helping increase the reach and impact of research
Binding of HQNO to beef-heart sub-mitochondrial particles | Meta
Bacteriocins
Summary Report | CureHunter
Flanking and Internal Regions of Chromosomal Genes Mediating Aerobactin Iron Uptake Systems in Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli...
Buy Sofab (Ribavirin) Online
An iron-regulated gene required for utilization of aerobactin as an exogenous siderophore in Vibrio parahaemolyticus |...
Search | Global Index Medicus
Gamma-Secretase
Buy Gabaneural (Gabapentin) Online
Buy Flavoxato (Flavoxate) Online
Nisin | REACH
Bacteriocins | Profiles RNS
Wickham SE, Hotze EM, Farrand AJ, Polekhina G, Nero TL, Tomlinson S, Parker MW, Tweten RK. Mapping the intermedilysin-human CD59 receptor interface reveals a deep correspondence with the binding site on CD59 for complement binding proteins C8alpha and C9. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jun 10; 286(23):20952-62 ...
The Galloway Chronicles: 2008
Colicin E3 immunity protein superfamily
The cloacin immunity protein complexes with cloacin in equimolar quantities and inhibits it by binding with high affinity to ... 6253914], which perhaps accounts for the fact that, in cloacinogenic cells, more immunity protein than cloacin is synthesised [ ... the cloacin C-terminal catalytic domain. The immunity protein is relatively small, containing 85 amino acids. An extra ribosome ...
DF1311
- An extra ribosome binding site has been found to precede the immunity gene on the polycistronic Clo DF13 mRNA, which perhaps accounts for the fact that, in cloacinogenic cells, more immunity protein than cloacin is synthesised. (wikipedia.org)
- Molecular structure and immunity specifity of colicin E6, an evolutionary intermediate between E-group colicins and cloacin DF13. (springer.com)
- pCloDF13-encoded bacteriocin release proteins with shortened carboxyl-terminal segments are lipid modified and processed and function in release of cloacin DF13 and apparent host cell lysis. (asm.org)
- The expression, lipid modification (incorporation of [3H]palmitate), and processing (in the presence and absence of globomycin) of the various carboxyl-terminal shortened BRPs were analyzed by a special electrophoresis system and immunoblotting with an antiserum raised against a synthetic BRP peptide, and their functioning with respect to release of cloacin DF13, lethality, and apparent host cell lysis were studied in Sup-, supF, and supP strains of Escherichia coli. (asm.org)
- One shortened BRP, containing 20 amino acid residues of the mature polypeptide, was still able to bring about the release of cloacin DF13. (asm.org)
- The results indicated that the 8-amino-acid carboxyl-terminal segment of the BRP contains a strong antigenic determinant and that a small segment between amino acid residues 17 and 21, located in the carboxyl-terminal half of the BRP, is important for release of cloacin DF13. (asm.org)
- Cloacin DF13 is a bacteriocin that inactivates ribosomes by hydrolysing 16S RNA in 30S ribosomes at a specific site. (wikipedia.org)
- Purification and characterization of cloacin DF13 receptor from Enterobacter cloacae and its interaction with cloacin DF13 in vitro. (asm.org)
- These strains produced and utilized aerobactin and also were susceptible to the bacteriocin cloacin-DF13. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The anti-IutA IgY was able to inhibit the IutA biological activity, inhibiting the sensitivity to cloacin DF13 of APEC9. (bvsalud.org)
- Six of the eight IutA-specific MAbs isolated (AB1 to AB6) were shown to be directed toward membrane-exposed conformational epitopes, although they did not interfere with the uptake of ferric aerobactin and cloacin DF13 as assessed by competition experiments with purified ligands. (lzightlibraaavry60.tk)
Immunity protein1
- In molecular biology, the cloacin immunity protein is produced by bacteria if they contain a certain plasmid. (wikipedia.org)
Enterobacter1
- Application and assessment of cloacin typing of Enterobacter cloacae. (semanticscholar.org)
Complete1
- AF190857 Klebsiella pneumoniae cloacin operon, complete sequence. (atcc.org)