AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
ClimateClimate ChangeGreenhouse EffectTropical ClimateCold ClimateGlobal WarmingEcosystemRainSeasonsAtmosphereTreesGeographyWeatherConservation of Natural ResourcesTemperaturePopulation DynamicsOceans and SeasDesert ClimateArctic RegionsIce CoverModels, TheoreticalBiodiversityExtinction, BiologicalClimatic ProcessesSnowAgricultureHumidityMeteorologyForecastingOrganizational CultureAcclimatizationEnvironmentConservation of Energy ResourcesAnimal MigrationCrops, AgriculturalMediterranean RegionEarth (Planet)El Nino-Southern OscillationWater MovementsFiresWater CycleHistory, AncientFloodsHuman ActivitiesGeologyGeological PhenomenaEnvironmental PolicyPopulation DensitySoilPopulation GrowthHydrologyBiomassIntroduced SpeciesPlant DevelopmentAntarctic RegionsEnvironmental HealthAtlantic OceanAfrica, EasternFossilsBirdsBaltic StatesAltitudeMeteorological ConceptsDroughtsNorth AmericaFood SupplyAnimal DistributionCarbon DioxideModels, BiologicalReindeerEndangered SpeciesAnthozoaSouth AmericaPhytoplanktonEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental PollutionAbiesRiversMarine BiologyPlantsForestryDisease VectorsSeawaterPacific OceanBiological EvolutionNitrogen CycleGeographic MappingCarbonSpheniscidaeOceanographyPinusEuropeGreenlandGeological ProcessesPublic HealthPhylogeographyOxygen IsotopesFood ChainUncertaintyAdaptation, Physiological
Climate
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Climate Change
Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
Greenhouse Effect
The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.
Tropical Climate
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Cold Climate
A climate characterized by COLD TEMPERATURE for a majority of the time during the year.
Global Warming
Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Rain
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Seasons
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Atmosphere
The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Trees
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
Geography
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Weather
The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.
Conservation of Natural Resources
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Population Dynamics
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
Oceans and Seas
A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).
Desert Climate
A type of climate characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life. It is a climate of extreme aridity, usually of extreme heat, and of negligible rainfall. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Arctic Regions
The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)
Ice Cover
A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land; RIVERS; LAKES; ponds; or SEAWATER.
Models, Theoretical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Biodiversity
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
Extinction, Biological
The ceasing of existence of a species or taxonomic groups of organisms.
Climatic Processes
Characteristic events occurring in the ATMOSPHERE during the interactions and transformation of various atmospheric components and conditions.
Snow
Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Agriculture
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
Humidity
A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.
Meteorology
The science of studying the characteristics of the atmosphere such as its temperature, density, winds, clouds, precipitation, and other atmospheric phenomena and aiming to account for the weather in terms of external influences and the basic laws of physics. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Forecasting
The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.
Organizational Culture
Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values, which are subject to change, are reflected in the day to day management of the organization.
Acclimatization
Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.
Environment
The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.
Conservation of Energy Resources
Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.
Animal Migration
Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.
Crops, Agricultural
Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)
Mediterranean Region
The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.
Earth (Planet)
Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
El Nino-Southern Oscillation or ENSO is a cycle of extreme alternating warm El Niño and cold La Nina events which is the dominant year-to-year climate pattern on Earth. Both terms refer to large-scale changes in sea-surface temperature across the eastern tropical Pacific. ENSO is associated with a heightened risk of certain vector-borne diseases. (From http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/lanina_new_faq.html, accessed 5/12/2020)
Water Movements
The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.
Fires
Water Cycle
Circulation of water among various ecological systems, in various states, on, above, and below the surface of the earth.
History, Ancient
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
Floods
Sudden onset water phenomena with different speed of occurrence. These include flash floods, seasonal river floods, and coastal floods, associated with CYCLONIC STORMS; TIDALWAVES; and storm surges.
Human Activities
Activities performed by humans.
Geology
The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Geological Phenomena
The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.
Environmental Policy
A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.
Population Density
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Soil
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Population Growth
Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.
Hydrology
Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.
Biomass
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
Introduced Species
Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.
Plant Development
Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.
Antarctic Regions
The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)
Environmental Health
The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.
Atlantic Ocean
Africa, Eastern
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
Fossils
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
Birds
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
Baltic States
The collective name for the republics of ESTONIA; LATVIA; and LITHUANIA on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p111)
Altitude
A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body.
Meteorological Concepts
The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.
Droughts
Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.
North America
Food Supply
The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.
Animal Distribution
A process by which animals in various forms and stages of development are physically distributed through time and space.
Carbon Dioxide
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Reindeer
A genus of deer, Rangifer, that inhabits the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. Caribou is the North American name; reindeer, the European. They are often domesticated and used, especially in Lapland, for drawing sleds and as a source of food. Rangifer is the only genus of the deer family in which both sexes are antlered. Most caribou inhabit arctic tundra and surrounding arboreal coniferous forests and most have seasonal shifts in migration. They are hunted extensively for their meat, skin, antlers, and other parts. (From Webster, 3d ed; Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1397)
Endangered Species
An animal or plant species in danger of extinction. Causes can include human activity, changing climate, or change in predator/prey ratios.
Anthozoa
A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.
South America
Phytoplankton
Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.
Environmental Monitoring
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
Environmental Pollution
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Abies
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. Balm of Gilead is a common name more often referring to POPULUS and sometimes to COMMIPHORA.
Rivers
Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).
Marine Biology
The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Forestry
The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.
Disease Vectors
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.
Seawater
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
Pacific Ocean
Biological Evolution
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Nitrogen Cycle
The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter.
Geographic Mapping
Creating a representation of areas of the earth or other celestial bodies, for the purpose of visualizing spatial distributions of various information.
Carbon
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
Spheniscidae
The sole family in the order Sphenisciformes, comprised of 17 species of penguins in six genera. They are flightless seabirds of the Southern Hemisphere, highly adapted for marine life.
Oceanography
The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)
Pinus
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.
Europe
Greenland
Geological Processes
Events and activities of the Earth and its structures.
Public Health
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
Phylogeography
A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)
Oxygen Isotopes
Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.
Food Chain
The sequence of transfers of matter and energy from organism to organism in the form of FOOD. Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant. PLANTS, which convert SOLAR ENERGY to food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS, are the primary food source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a larger animal. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by smaller organisms. In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.
Uncertainty
The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.
Adaptation, Physiological
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
Plant Physiological Phenomena
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
Wetlands
Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.
Disasters
Calamities producing great damage, loss of life, and distress. They include results of natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Normal conditions of existence are disrupted and the level of impact exceeds the capacity of the hazard-affected community.
Carbon Cycle
The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Agricultural Irrigation
The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.
Poaceae
A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.
Volcanic Eruptions
The ash, dust, gases, and lava released by volcanic explosion. The gases are volatile matter composed principally of about 90% water vapor, and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The ash or dust is pyroclastic ejecta and lava is molten extrusive material consisting mainly of magnesium silicate. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Africa
Safety Management
The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an institutional setting. The concept includes prevention or reduction of adverse events or incidents involving employees, patients, or facilities. Examples include plans to reduce injuries from falls or plans for fire safety to promote a safe institutional environment.
Zooplankton
Minute free-floating animal organisms which live in practically all natural waters.
Ice
The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.
Wind
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.
Demography
Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.
Public Policy
A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.
Heat Stress Disorders
A group of conditions that develop due to overexposure or overexertion in excessive environmental heat.
Lakes
Inland bodies of still or slowly moving FRESH WATER or salt water, larger than a pond, and supplied by RIVERS and streams.
Insect Vectors
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Adaptation, Biological
Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.
Geologic Sediments
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Paleontology
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
North Sea
Indian Ocean
A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)
History, 15th Century
Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.
Picea
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen, pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. Each of the linear, spirally arranged leaves is jointed near the stem on a separate woody base.
Quercus
A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).
Geographic Information Systems
Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.
Air Pollution
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
History, 17th Century
Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.
Foraminifera
An order of amoeboid EUKARYOTES characterized by reticulating pseudopods and a complex life cycle with an alternation of generations. Most are less than 1mm in size and found in marine or brackish water.
History, 18th Century
Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.
Betula
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
Hot Temperature
Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.
Africa, Northern
The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)
Ozone
The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).
Larix
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties and include the dimension of time in the analysis.
Reproduction
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Water Supply
Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)
Civilization
The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society.
Fresh Water
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
History, 16th Century
Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.
Urbanization
The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
Solar Activity
Any type of variation in the appearance of energy output of the sun. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)
Fisheries
Places for cultivation and harvesting of fish, particularly in sea waters. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Coral Reefs
Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.
Euphausiacea
An order of pelagic, shrimplike CRUSTACEA. Many consume ZOOPLANKTON and a few are predacious. Many antarctic species, such as Euphausia superba, constitute the chief food of other animals.
Computer Simulation
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Australia
The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.
Herbivory
The act of feeding on plants by animals.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Natural History
A former branch of knowledge embracing the study, description, and classification of natural objects (as animals, plants, and minerals) and thus including the modern sciences of zoology, botany, and mineralogy insofar as they existed at that time. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it was much used for the generalized pursuit of certain areas of science. (Webster, 3d ed; from Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
Biota
The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.
Spacecraft
Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
Hares
The genus Lepus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Hares are born above ground, fully furred, and with their eyes and ears open. In contrast with RABBITS, hares have 24 chromosome pairs.
Africa, Western
The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.
Tidal Waves
Water waves caused by the gravitational interactions between the EARTH; MOON; and SUN.
Communicable Diseases
Water
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Fishes
A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
Ericaceae
The heath plant family of the order Ericales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are generally shrubs or small trees. Leaves are alternate, simple, and leathery; flowers are symmetrical with a 4- or 5-parted corolla of partly fused petals.
Extreme Heat
High temperature weather exceeding the average and of several weeks duration. Extreme heat is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people.
Predatory Behavior
Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.
Pollen
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
Amphibians
VERTEBRATES belonging to the class amphibia such as frogs, toads, newts and salamanders that live in a semiaquatic environment.
Bays
An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.
Plant Weeds
A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants.
Plant Transpiration
The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Time
The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Queensland
A state in northeastern Australia. Its capital is Brisbane. Its coast was first visited by Captain Cook in 1770 and its first settlement (penal) was located on Moreton Bay in 1824. The name Cooksland was first proposed but honor to Queen Victoria prevailed. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p996 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p441)
Environmental Remediation
Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.
Body Size
The physical measurements of a body.
Carbon Sequestration
Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.
Planets
Celestial bodies orbiting around the sun or other stars.
Radiometric Dating
Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.
Juniperus
A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE. The species are slow growing coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs.
Animal Diseases
Tibet
An autonomous region located in central Asia, within China.
Borneo
An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)
Flowers
The reproductive organs of plants.
Malta
An independent state consisting of three islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily. Its capital is Valetta. The major island is Malta, the two smaller islands are Comino and Gozo. It was a Phoenician and Carthaginian colony, captured by the Romans in 218 B.C. It was overrun by Saracens in 870, taken by the Normans in 1090, and subsequently held by the French and later the British who allotted them a dominion government in 1921. It became a crown colony in 1933, achieving independence in 1964. The name possibly comes from a pre-Indoeuropean root mel, high, referring to its rocks, but a more picturesque origin derives the name from the Greek melitta or melissa, honey, with reference to its early fame for its honey production. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p719 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p330)
Maps as Topic
Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.
Archaeology
The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.
Cold Temperature
An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.
History, Medieval
The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.
Models, Statistical
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Spatial Analysis
Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.
Nevada
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Internationality
The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Air Pollutants
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
Gadus morhua
A species of fish in the cod family GADIDAE, known as the Atlantic cod. It is one of the most important commercial FISHES.
Aquatic Organisms
Organisms that live in water.
Sunlight
Irradiation directly from the sun.
Asia
The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Butterflies
Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned.

Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. (1/2516)

To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. Cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and Great Basin desert scrub lands, at elevations of 1,800 m to 2,500 m. Environmental factors (e.g., the dramatic increase in precipitation associated with the 1992 to 1993 El Nino) may indirectly increase the risk for Sin Nombre virus exposure and therefore may be of value in designing disease prevention campaigns.  (+info)

Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare. (2/2516)

For almost 30 years. serious interest has been directed toward natural gas hydrate, a crystalline solid composed of water and methane, as a potential (i) energy resource, (ii) factor in global climate change, and (iii) submarine geohazard. Although each of these issues can affect human welfare, only (iii) is considered to be of immediate importance. Assessments of gas hydrate as an energy resource have often been overly optimistic, based in part on its very high methane content and on its worldwide occurrence in continental margins. Although these attributes are attractive, geologic settings, reservoir properties, and phase-equilibria considerations diminish the energy resource potential of natural gas hydrate. The possible role of gas hydrate in global climate change has been often overstated. Although methane is a "greenhouse" gas in the atmosphere, much methane from dissociated gas hydrate may never reach the atmosphere, but rather may be converted to carbon dioxide and sequestered by the hydrosphere/biosphere before reaching the atmosphere. Thus, methane from gas hydrate may have little opportunity to affect global climate change. However, submarine geohazards (such as sediment instabilities and slope failures on local and regional scales, leading to debris flows, slumps, slides, and possible tsunamis) caused by gas-hydrate dissociation are of immediate and increasing importance as humankind moves to exploit seabed resources in ever-deepening waters of coastal oceans. The vulnerability of gas hydrate to temperature and sea level changes enhances the instability of deep-water oceanic sediments, and thus human activities and installations in this setting can be affected.  (+info)

Environmental variation shapes sexual dimorphism in red deer. (3/2516)

Sexual dimorphism results from dichotomous selection on male and female strategies of growth in relation to reproduction. In polygynous mammals, these strategies reflect sexual selection on males for access to females and competitive selection on females for access to food. Consequently, in such species, males display rapid early growth to large adult size, whereas females invest in condition and early sexual maturity at the expense of size. Hence, the magnitude of adult size dimorphism should be susceptible to divergence of the sexes in response to environmental factors differentially influencing their growth to reproduction. We show that divergent growth of male and female red deer after 32 years of winter warming and 15 years of contemporaneously earlier plant phenology support this prediction. In response to warmer climate during their early development, males grew more rapidly and increased in size, while female size declined. Conversely, females, but not males, responded to earlier plant phenology with increased investment in condition and earlier reproduction. Accordingly, adult size dimorphism increased in relation to warmer climate, whereas it declined in relation to forage quality. Thus, the evolutionary trajectories of growth related to reproduction in the sexes (i) originate from sexual and competitive selection, (ii) produce sexual size dimorphism, and (iii) are molded by environmental variation.  (+info)

Deriving meteorological variables across Africa for the study and control of vector-borne disease: a comparison of remote sensing and spatial interpolation of climate. (4/2516)

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the utility of remote sensing (RS) using meteorological satellites sensors and spatial interpolation (SI) of data from meteorological stations, for the prediction of spatial variation in monthly climate across continental Africa in 1990. Information from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) polar-orbiting meteorological satellites was used to estimate land surface temperature (LST) and atmospheric moisture. Cold cloud duration (CCD) data derived from the High Resolution Radiometer (HRR) on-board the European Meteorological Satellite programme's (EUMETSAT) Meteosat satellite series were also used as a RS proxy measurement of rainfall. Temperature, atmospheric moisture and rainfall surfaces were independently derived from SI of measurements from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) member stations of Africa. These meteorological station data were then used to test the accuracy of each methodology, so that the appropriateness of the two techniques for epidemiological research could be compared. SI was a more accurate predictor of temperature, whereas RS provided a better surrogate for rainfall; both were equally accurate at predicting atmospheric moisture. The implications of these results for mapping short and long-term climate change and hence their potential for the study and control of disease vectors are considered. Taking into account logistic and analytical problems, there were no clear conclusions regarding the optimality of either technique, but there was considerable potential for synergy.  (+info)

Towards a kala azar risk map for Sudan: mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis using digital data of environmental variables. (5/2516)

The need to define the geographical distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis results from its importance as the dominant vector of kala azar (visceral Iceishmaniasis) in Sudan. Recent epidermics of this disease in southern and eastern Sudan caused an estimated 100000 deaths and have renewed the impetus for defining the ecological boundaries of the vector. This information is an essential prerequisite to the production of a risk map for kala azar. This study uses data on the presence and absence of P. orientalis from 44 collecting sites across the central belt of Sudan. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of the presence of P. orientalis at each collecting site as a function of climatic and environmental variables (rainfall; temperature; altitude; soil type and the satellite-derived environmental proxies - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature). The logistic regression model indicates mean annual maximum daily temperature and soil type as the most important ecological determinants of P. orientalis distribution. An initial risk map was created in a raster-based geographical information system which delineates the area where P. orientalis may occur. This map was then refined using a mask layer indicating the known rainfall-based boundaries of the distribution of Acacia-Balanites woodland - a woodland type known to be associated with the distribution of this vector. The predictive performance of the risk map is discussed.  (+info)

An integrated assessment framework for climate change and infectious diseases. (6/2516)

Many potential human health effects have been hypothesized to result either directly or indirectly from global climate change. Changes in the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely cited potential effects of climate change, and could have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts. These changes in disease incidence would be mediated through biologic, ecologic, sociologic, and epidemiologic processes that interact with each other and which may themselves be influenced by climate change. Although hypothesized infectious disease effects have been widely discussed, there have not yet been thorough quantitative studies addressing the many processes at work. In part this is because of the complexity of the many indirect and feedback interactions or mechanisms that bear on all aspects of the climate issue. It also results from the difficulty of including the multitude of always-changing determinants of these diseases. This paper proposes a framework for an integrated assessment of the impacts of climate change on infectious diseases. The framework allows identification of potentially important indirect interactions or mechanisms, identification of important research gaps, and a means of integrating targeted research from a variety of disciplines into an enhanced understanding of the whole system.  (+info)

Malaria reemergence in the Peruvian Amazon region. (7/2516)

Epidemic malaria has rapidly emerged in Loreto Department, in the Peruvian Amazon region. Peru reports the second highest number of malaria cases in South America (after Brazil), most from Loreto. From 1992 to 1997, malaria increased 50-fold in Loreto but only fourfold in Peru. Plasmodium falciparum infection, which has increased at a faster rate than P. vivax infection in the last 3 years, became the dominant Plasmodium infection in the highest transmission areas in the 1997 rainy season. The vector Anopheles darlingi has also increased during this epidemic in Loreto. Moreover, chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine drug-resistant P. falciparum strains have emerged, which require development of efficacious focal drug treatment schemes.  (+info)

Public health consequences of global climate change in the United States--some regions may suffer disproportionately. (8/2516)

Current risk assessments of the likely regional health impacts of global climate change (GCC) are hindered by two factors. First, dose-response relationships between weather parameters and many of the likely health effects have not been developed, and second, reliable estimates of future regional climates across the United States are still beyond the scope of current modeling efforts. Consequently, probabilistic risk estimates of most of the likely regional health impacts of GCC have such a high degree of uncertainty that their usefulness to health officials dealing with regional issues is very limited. With the numerous pressures on today's health care systems, it is understandable that the possible consequences of GCC have received scant attention from regional health care decision makers. Indeed, the consensus among this community appears to be that any increases in health effects associated with GCC will be easily handled by the current health care system. However, such a position may be naive as the potential exists that an unequal distribution of such effects could overwhelm some regions, whereas others may feel little or no impact. This review of the likely regional impacts of GCC has been structured as a semianalytical look at this issue of distributional effects. Because of the lack of dose-response information and reliable estimates of future regional climates, however, it takes a historical perspective. That is, it assumes that the quality and quantity of health risks a region faces under GCC will be directly related to its recent history of health risks from warm weather/climate-related diseases as well as to the size, characteristics, and distribution of the sensitive subpopulations currently residing within its borders. The approach is semiquantitative; however, it uses national data gathered on a regional level and as such should only be used to generate a hypothesis rather than test it. When applied to the United States, its outcome leads to the hypothesis that if indeed history repeats itself, some states or regions may be more greatly affected by GCC than others, not only because historically they are more prone to summer weather/climate-related diseases, but also because they contain a greater proportion of the sensitive subpopulations in the United States.  (+info)

Climatic effects on pavement and geotechnical infrastructure : proceedings of the International Symposium on Climatic Effects...Climatic effects on pavement and geotechnical infrastructure : proceedings of the International Symposium on Climatic Effects...
Get this from a library! Climatic effects on pavement and geotechnical infrastructure : proceedings of the International Symposium on Climatic Effects on Pavement and Geotechnical Infrastructure 2013, August 4-7, 2013, Fairbanks, Alaska. [Jenny Liu, (Civil engineer); Construction Institute.;]
http://www.worldcat.org/title/climatic-effects-on-pavement-and-geotechnical-infrastructure-proceedings-of-the-international-symposium-on-climatic-effects-on-pavement-and-geotechnical-infrastructure-2013-august-4-7-2013-fairbanks-alaska/oclc/880746128
Local Climate InformationLocal Climate Information
Local Climate Information for Milwaukee and Madison. Daily: Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport Issued: 10/29/2020 03:28:22 PM ...
https://www.weather.gov/mkx/local-climate
Shifting Seasons Summit Brings Indigenous Community Together to Discuss Climate Adaptation Planning | Northeast Climate Science...Shifting Seasons Summit Brings Indigenous Community Together to Discuss Climate Adaptation Planning | Northeast Climate Science...
More than 350 members of the Indigenous and climate adaptation science communities participated in the 3rd installment of the Shifting Seasons Summit, which was organized by the College of Menominee Nation Sustainable Development Institute and took place virtually from April 19-21, 2021.. Focused on sharing adaptation and resilience knowledge across Indigenous communities, the event featured a wide array of programming, including two workshops designed to build skills in the area of Indigenous climate adaption planning and eight discussion panels focused on topics such as Food Sovereignty and Traditional Agriculture, Forest, Fires, and People, Plant Relatives, and Climate Activism and Communication.. One particularly memorable panel discussion took place when co-authors and users of the Tribal Adaptation Menu assembled to reflect on the impact of this groundbreaking climate adaptation planning resource, which was published in 2019 and shifts Western paradigms for understanding climate ...
https://www.umass.edu/necsc/news/shifting-seasons-summit-brings-indigenous-community-together-discuss-climate-adaptation
Temperate climate - WikipediaTemperate climate - Wikipedia
Temperate Climate refers to climates between Polar and Tropical. However, there is a gradual change from polar to tropical climates across the middle latitude temperate zones. Normally, in the northern hemisphere, the northern portions of the temperate zone feature Boreal, Continental, and Oceanic climates, while the southern portions of the temperate zone are often Mediterranean and humid subtropical climates. These different climates all fall within the temperate zone which has a basic definition as being any climate with a mean temperature above −3 °C (26.6 °F) but below 18 °C (64.4 °F) in the coldest month. Obviously winter temperatures will be more mild in southerly portions and colder in the more northerly portions of the northern temperate zone and vice-versa in the southern temperate zone. From a floristic standpoint, each of these climate zones have generally temperate vegetation. There is however, an obvious change in flora from the far northern portions of the temperate zone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_region
Climate Adaptation Forum | Harvard University Center for the EnvironmentClimate Adaptation Forum | Harvard University Center for the Environment
Join the Climate Adaptation Forum as their guest speakers discuss Creating Connections: Resilience and Equity in Transportation.. Transportation infrastructure is some of the most expensive to build and maintain, especially in the face of the climate crisis. Everything from public transportation to roads and bridges to the port are deeply impacted by sea level rise, extreme storms and even sweltering heat. Join the Climate Adaptation Forum as we explore initiatives around the country to improve transportation resilience and the resilience of the communities that rely on this infrastructure to get around. We will hear from experts at multiple levels of government who are thinking creatively about how to protect our infrastructure and how to make it responsive to changing needs.. Registration is required. For more information on speakers and a detailed agenda, please visit the event webpage.. ...
http://environment.harvard.edu/node/10127/field_event_datetime/addtocal.ics
Oceanic climate - WikipediaOceanic climate - Wikipedia
Areas with subpolar oceanic climates feature an oceanic climate but are usually located closer to polar regions. As a result of their location, these regions tend to be on the cool end of oceanic climates. Snowfall tends to be more common here than in other oceanic climates. Subpolar oceanic climates are less prone to temperature extremes than subarctic climates or continental climates, featuring milder winters than these climates. Subpolar oceanic climates feature only one to three months of average monthly temperatures that are at least 10 °C (50 °F). As with oceanic climates, none of its average monthly temperatures fall below -3.0 °C (26.6 °F) or 0 °C depending on the isotherm used. Typically, these areas in the warmest month experience daytime maximum temperatures below 17 °C (63 °F), while the coldest month features highs near or slightly above freezing and lows just below freezing. It typically carries a Cfc designation, though very small areas in Yunnan, Sichuan and parts of ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical_highland_climate
Semi-arid climate - WikipediaSemi-arid climate - Wikipedia
Cold semi-arid climates (type BSk) tend to be located in elevated portions of temperate zones, typically bordering a humid continental climate or a Mediterranean climate. They are typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold winters. These areas usually see some snowfall during the winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates. Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more in that time frame. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid climates. Cold semi-arid ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-arid_climate
What is Climate Science Literacy? | NOAA Climate.govWhat is Climate Science Literacy? | NOAA Climate.gov
Climate Science Literacy is an understanding of your influence on climate and climates influence on you and society. People who are climate science literate know that climate science can inform our decisions that improve quality of life. They have a basic understanding of the climate system, including the natural and human-caused factors that affect it. Climate science literate individuals understand how climate observations and records as well as computer modeling contribute to scientific knowledge about climate.
https://www.climate.gov/teaching/essential-principles-climate-literacy/what-climate-science-literacy
Environmental Compliance & Sustainability Department | FTA Climate Adaptation Pilot ProgramEnvironmental Compliance & Sustainability Department | FTA Climate Adaptation Pilot Program
Hosted by Metro on August 21st, 2013, the Climate Adaptation Planning for Transit and Fleet Operators webinar was the final outreach component of the FTA Climate Adaptation Pilot. The goal was to build upon the roundtable event, and to provide resources on both mitigation and adaptation strategies ...
https://www.metro.net/projects/ecsd/climate-adaptation-pilot-program/
Modeling climate conditions required for glacier formation in cirques of the Rassepautasjtjakka massif, northern Sweden |...Modeling climate conditions required for glacier formation in cirques of the Rassepautasjtjakka massif, northern Sweden |...
Timing of cirque formation and the climate necessary to initiate glaciation are fundamental to the understanding of the landscape of the northern Scandinavian mountains. Empty cirques in the Rassepautasjtjakka massif are located near a glaciated area and thus appear near the glaciation limit. In order to investigate the climate conditions necessary for glacier formation in the cirques, we applied a spatially distributed temperature index melt model. After calibration under present climate conditions, the model was run with different combinations of increased initial winter snow cover and lowered summer air temperatures to assess the climate conditions needed for snow to survive summer and hence form a base for glaciation. Results indicate that a significant increase in precipitation or decrease in summer air temperature or a combination of both is necessary to initiate glaciation. Thus current climate conditions are far from favorable for glaciation. If summer temperature is decreased by ...
https://www.nateko.lu.se/margareta-johansson/publication/0a5914b6-2405-445e-89c8-5d8c5581de88
Semi-arid climate - WikipediaSemi-arid climate - Wikipedia
Cold semi-arid climates (type BSk) tend to be located in temperate zones or elevated portions in subtropical zones, typically bordering a humid continental climate or a Mediterranean climate. They are typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold winters. These areas usually see some snowfall during the winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates. Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more in that time frame. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate
Urban climate services: climate impact projections and their uncertainties at city scale, in FMIs Climate Bulletin - URCLIMUrban climate services: climate impact projections and their uncertainties at city scale, in FMIs Climate Bulletin - URCLIM
In many cities across Europe, both urban authorities and private actors have made strong commitments to adapt to future climate changes. Although a lot of climate information is available at the global and regional scale, this is often not the case at the local urban scale. Moreover, such information should account for a wide range of uncertainty factors ranging from global to city-scale development scenarios to uncertainties due to model errors. In an effort to lay the methodological groundworks for reliable urban climate services, URCLIM explores a compound handling of these uncertainties for various European cities and applies it to the assessment of adaptation measures.. How cite this article: Van Schaeybroeck B., Bucher B., Chitu Z., Christophe S., Fortelius C., Hamdi R., Masson V., Perrels A., and Wichers Schreur B. (2020): Urban climate services: climate impact projections and their uncertainties at city scale, FMIs Climate Bulletin: Research Letters, 2(1), 10, DOI: ...
http://urclim.prod.lamp.cnrs.fr/2020/11/24/urban-climate-services-climate-impact-projections-and-their-uncertainties-at-city-scale-in-fmis-climate-bulletin/
CO2 ScienceCO2 Science
Solar Influences on Holocene Climate: A review of what is known about the potential climatic effects of solar variability and observed climate variability throughout the Holocene suggests that the former may have been responsible for the latter, and that solar variability may have played a greater role in the warming of the past century than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change would like people to believe. Jet Aircraft Contrails Reduce the Diurnal Amplitude of Earths Surface Air Temperature: A model study of the climatic effects of jet aircraft contrails suggests that they tend to cool the earths surface during the day and warm it at night.. Ship Emissions Perturb Radiation Balance Over the Sea: A data-plus-model approach to evaluating the climatic consequences of ship emissions suggests that they have a modest cooling effect on the planet.. Solar Forcing of Climate Change: In reviewing what is known about relationships between the abundance of cosmogenic isotopes (14C and 10Be) and ...
http://www.co2science.org/issues/v3/v3n1_co2science.php
PAGES - Past Global Changes - Products - PAGES Magazine articles - Science Highlights - Inferring past climate variations from...PAGES - Past Global Changes - Products - PAGES Magazine articles - Science Highlights - Inferring past climate variations from...
Before interpreting the temporal variability in any climate proxy record we first need to study the reproducibility of the measured signal. One way of doing this is to compare variations in nearby records that were subject to the same history of the target climate variable, such as local temperatures. In simple terms, features that appear only in individual records most likely represent non-climate variability, whereas those that reproduce across multiple proxy records potentially represent variations in climate. Such a comparison provides an upper limit on the climate information contained in the record.. Reproducibility is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a reconstructed signal to be inferred as climatic in origin. Spatially coherent variability can also be caused by environmental changes independent of the variable of interest. For example, changes in ocean circulation might cause large-scale changes in water masses that affect the preservation of marine climate proxies and thus ...
http://pastglobalchanges.org/products/pages-magazine/11509
New data helps show El Nino occurrences during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice AgeNew data helps show El Nino occurrences during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age
(Phys.org)-A team of researchers with affiliations to several universities in the U.S. has helped uncover the frequency of El Niño events during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age by obtaining Eastern ...
https://phys.org/news/2015-12-el-nino-occurrences-medieval-climate.html
Consider Some Of The Great Things About Local Climate Handled Storage Space?Consider Some Of The Great Things About Local Climate Handled Storage Space?
Local climate handled safe-keeping, also known as heat-specific safe-keeping, can be defined as a special style of package built to maintain continuous humidity and temperature quantities within an region. In many instances, this sort of package is made to be applied in cellars and garages ., attics, or crawlspaces the place temp and moisture content […]
https://royaldata.online/consider-some-of-the-great-things-about-local-climate-handled-storage-space/
Climate Fringe Week | Trees for LifeClimate Fringe Week | Trees for Life
In September, Climate Fringe Week will take place at the same time as Great Big Green Week, an initiative from The Climate Coalition. The timing also coincides with Climate Week NYC (20-26 September), when international leaders from business, government and civil society will meet for talks in New York. This is a vital time to show that communities across Scotland and the rest of the UK support strong action on climate change, prior to the COP26 climate conference taking place in Glasgow in November.. Climate Fringe Week is being spearheaded by Stop Climate Chaos Scotland, a diverse coalition of over 60 non-profit organisations, with further organisations supporting the week itself.. Kat Jones, COP26 Project Manager at Stop Climate Chaos Scotland, said:. Climate Fringe Week is an amazing opportunity for communities throughout Scotland to showcase the work they are doing on climate action, celebrate some of our successes, and point clearly to where we need to see change.. People and groups who ...
https://treesforlife.org.uk/climate-fringe-week/
Long Distance Relationships: the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations | NOAA Climate.govLong Distance Relationships: the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations | NOAA Climate.gov
Large-scale shifting of the weight of the atmosphere between mid- and high latitudes creates climate patterns known as the Arctic and North Atlantic Oscillations. These patterns have a big influence on winter weather in the Eastern U.S.
https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/long-distance-relationships-arctic-and-north-atlantic
Climate Change: The Next Generation: U.S. considers setting up a National Climate Service to merge climate and weather info...Climate Change: The Next Generation: U.S. considers setting up a National Climate Service to merge climate and weather info...
The idea of a National Climate Service has circulated at NOAA since the late 1970s, but data-gathering efforts remain spread over many programmes and agencies. NOAA draws on a host of different observing systems, including satellites, instruments that measure atmospheric carbon dioxide, and ocean buoys that monitor water temperature and salinity. NOAAs National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, NC, keeps archives of long-term climate records, and regional NOAA centres work on climate research problems specific to their geographical area. Outside NOAA, the US Geological Survey collects stream flow data, and the US Department of Agriculture monitors snowpack melt. There is so much information floating around on climate change that it is difficult to separate the wheat from the chaff, says Larry Larson, executive director of the Association of State Floodplain Managers in Madison, Wisconsin. Forest and shoreline managers, utility companies, insurance companies and policy-makers are all looking ...
http://climatechangepsychology.blogspot.com/2009/02/us-considers-setting-up-national.html
WCC-3 : Climate FeedbackWCC-3 : Climate Feedback
Ill be heading to Geneva this coming Sunday to attend the World Meteorological Organisations third World Climate Conference. The conference, which runs from August 31 until September 4, takes climate prediction as its theme, and aims to establish an international framework to guide the development of climate services, linking climate predictions with climate-risk management and adaptation. This should an interesting opportunity to look in more depth at the issue of whether climate prediction is indeed scientifically feasible and if so, at what it will take to move from climate projections to predictions. Read more. ...
http://blogs.nature.com/climatefeedback/category/wcc-3
Excuse #52 for the pause in global warming - natural climate variability as secular trends | Watts Up With That?Excuse #52 for the pause in global warming - natural climate variability as secular trends | Watts Up With That?
Earlier we added this to the list, now here is the description of the excuse. Basically what they are saying is that natural climate variability has overtaken the posited powerful effects of CO2 on climate.. From the EUs JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Last decades slow-down in global warming enhanced by an unusual climate anomaly:. A hiatus in global warming ongoing since 2001 is due to a combination of a natural cooling phase, known as multidecadal variability (MDV) and a downturn of the secular warming trend. The exact causes of the latter, unique in the entire observational record going back to 1850, are still to be identified, according to a JRC article which analysed the phenomena.. The earth hasnt warmed at the same pace during the 20th century. The noticeable temperature increases during some periods interspersed with fairly stable or decreasing levels during others have been explained as a combination of secular global warming (likely manmade) and natural climate variability. We are currently, ...
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/09/11/excuse-52-for-the-pause-in-global-warming-natural-climate-variability-as-secular-trends/
Prometheus » Blog Archive » Exchange in BAMS on Climate Impacts Attribution, Part 1Prometheus » Blog Archive » Exchange in BAMS on Climate Impacts Attribution, Part 1
The December 2004 issue of BAMS contains an article warning of the threats of abrupt climate change (Epstein and McCarthy 2004, hereafter EM04). The article seeks to raise awareness of the risks of an abrupt change in climate related to human influences on the climate system, but, in doing so it repeats a common factual error. Specifically, it identifies the recent growth in economic damages associated with weather and climate events, such as Hurricanes Mitch and Jeanne and tornadoes in the United States, as evidence of trends in extreme events, arguing the rising costs associated with weather volatility provide another derived indicator of the state of the climate system . . . the economic costs related to more severe and volatile weather deserves mention as an integral indicator of volatility. Although the attribution of increasing damages to climate changes is but one of many assertions made by EM04, the repetition of this erroneous claim is worth correcting because it is not consistent ...
http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/pro_archive/prometheus/index256c.html?p=3639
Local Climate DataLocal Climate Data
Use the Climate-,Local link (on the left sidebar of most of our web pages) to view current climate products. Those products include the Daily Climate Report (CLI), Preliminary Climatology Data (CF6), Record Event Report (RER), Monthly Weather Summary (CLM) and the Regional Summary (RTP). Archived climate products from 2002 to the present are available on this page ...
http://www.weather.gov/phi/localclimate
Climate Adaptation | URBACTClimate Adaptation | URBACT
Hundreds of millions of urban dwellers are at risk from the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. Climate adaption means anticipating those adverse effects and taking appropriate action to prevent or minimize the damage they can cause, or taking advantage of opportunities that may arise. It has been shown that when well planned, early climate adaptation action saves money and lives later on. Adaptation strategies are needed at all levels of urban administration; local, regional, national, EU ...
https://urbact.eu/climate-adaptation
Climate ExtremesClimate Extremes
Welcome to the Bureaus online home of the Australian Climate and Weather Extremes Monitoring System. This website provides comprehensive and timely information about climate and weather extremes of temperature and rainfall. Weather and climate extremes can have significant social, environmental and economic costs, with heat waves and floods prime examples. One of the greatest impacts of climate variability and climate change occurs through changes in the frequency and severity of extreme events. This system has been designed to provide a better basis for monitoring such changes, so that we will be better able to understand, prepare for and adapt to future changes in extreme events. ...
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/extremes/
Forests | Free Full-Text | Tools for Assessing the Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Wildfire Regimes in Forests |...Forests | Free Full-Text | Tools for Assessing the Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Wildfire Regimes in Forests |...
Fire is an intrinsic element of many forest ecosystems; it shapes their ecological processes, determines species composition and influences landscape structure. However, wildfires may: have undesirable effects on biodiversity and vegetation coverage; produce carbon emissions to the atmosphere; release smoke affecting human health; and cause loss of lives and property. There have been increasing concerns about the potential impacts of climate variability and change on forest fires. Climate change can alter factors that influence the occurrence of fire ignitions, fuel availability and fuel flammability. This review paper aims to identify tools and methods used for gathering information about the impacts of climate variability and change on forest fires, forest fuels and the probability of fires. Tools to assess the impacts of climate variability and change on forest fires include: remote sensing, dynamic global vegetation and landscape models, integrated fire-vegetation models, fire danger rating systems,
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/6/5/1476/htm
Climate EconometricsClimate Econometrics
Identifying the effect of climate on societies is central to understanding historical economic development, designing modern policies that react to climatic events, and managing future global climate change. Here, I review, synthesize, and interpret recent advances in methods used to measure effects of climate on social and economic outcomes. Because weather variation plays a large role in recent progress, I formalize the relationship between climate and weather from an econometric perspective and discuss their use as identifying variation, highlighting tradeoffs between key assumptions in different research designs and deriving conditions when weather variation exactly identifies the effects of climate. I then describe advances in recent years, such as parameterization of climate variables from a social perspective, nonlinear models with spatial and temporal displacement, characterizing uncertainty, measurement of adaptation, cross-study comparison, and use of empirical estimates to project the ...
https://www.nber.org/papers/w22181
Alachua, FL - The detailed weather forecast, long range monthly outlook, and climate information | Weather AtlasAlachua, FL - The detailed weather forecast, long range monthly outlook, and climate information | Weather Atlas
Alachua, Florida, USA - Current weather, an hourly forecast for today, tomorrow, detailed 10-day weather forecast, and long range monthly outlook. Climate information with charts. Country: Florida, USA, City: Alachua.
https://www.weather-us.com/en/florida-usa/alachua
Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability - NASA/ADSSensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability - NASA/ADS
The identification of properties that contribute to the persistence and resilience of ecosystems despite climate change constitutes a research priority of global relevance. Here we present a novel, empirical approach to assess the relative sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability, one property of resilience that builds on theoretical modelling work recognizing that systems closer to critical thresholds respond more sensitively to external perturbations. We develop a new metric, the vegetation sensitivity index, that identifies areas sensitive to climate variability over the past 14 years. The metric uses time series data derived from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index, and three climatic variables that drive vegetation productivity (air temperature, water availability and cloud cover). Underlying the analysis is an autoregressive modelling approach used to identify climate drivers of vegetation productivity on monthly timescales, in addition to
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Natur.531..229S/abstract
Amawom, Nigeria - Detailed weather forecast, long range monthly outlook and climate information | Weather AtlasAmawom, Nigeria - Detailed weather forecast, long range monthly outlook and climate information | Weather Atlas
Amawom, Nigeria - Current weather, an hourly forecast for today, tomorrow, detailed 10-day weather forecast and long range monthly outlook. Climate information with charts. Country: Nigeria, City: Amawom.
https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/amawom
New impossible to ignore climate data spin initiative announced by the White House - Watts Up With That?New impossible to ignore climate data spin initiative announced by the White House - Watts Up With That?
These and other Federal efforts will be amplified by a number of ambitious private commitments. For example, Esri, the company that produces the ArcGIS software used by thousands of city and regional planning experts, will be partnering with 12 cities across the country to create free and open maps and apps to help state and local governments plan for climate change impacts. Google will donate one petabyte-thats 1,000 terabytes-of cloud storage for climate data, as well as 50 million hours of high-performance computing with the Google Earth Engine platform. The company is challenging the global innovation community to build a high-resolution global terrain model to help communities build resilience to anticipated climate impacts in decades to come. And the World Bank will release a new field guide for the Open Data for Resilience Initiative, which is working in more than 20 countries to map millions of buildings and urban infrastructure.. Every citizen will be affected by climate change-and ...
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2014/03/19/new-impossible-to-ignore-climate-data-spin-initiative-announced-by-the-white-house/
Climate Adaptation Now - Climate Adaptation NowClimate Adaptation Now - Climate Adaptation Now
As world leaders gather in Madrid for the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25), they must address more than future targets for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.
https://www.busiweek.com/climate-adaptation-now/
Climate Extremes and their Impact on Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions - Research CollectionClimate Extremes and their Impact on Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions - Research Collection
Extreme weather and climate events (summarised as climate extremes from here onwards) are a crucial aspect of Earths climatic variability. However, climate extremes are frequently associated with adverse impacts on socio-economic and ecological systems. For example, heat in combination with drought may severely affect the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and in some cases these events have the potential to undo several years of ecosystem carbon sequestration. Moreover, the intensity and frequency of several types of climate extremes, such as heat, cold, and heavy rainfall, have been changing in recent years. These changes are projected to continue in the 21st century, thus raising concerns about the capacity of ecological and socio-economic systems to cope with these events in the future. Nonetheless, our scientific understanding of climate extremes and the mechanistic pathways through which these events propagate into ecological or socio-economic systems, remains limited. The impact of ...
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/176836
Forecasting distributions of an aquatic invasive species (Nitellopsis obtusa) under future climate scenariosForecasting distributions of an aquatic invasive species (Nitellopsis obtusa) under future climate scenarios
Starry stonewort (Nitellopsis obtusa) is an alga that has emerged as an aquatic invasive species of concern in the United States. Where established, starry stonewort can interfere with recreational uses of water bodies and potentially have ecological impacts. Incipient invasion of starry stonewort in Minnesota provides an opportunity to predict future expansion in order to target early detection and strategic management. We used ecological niche models to identify suitable areas for starry stonewort in Minnesota based on global occurrence records and present-day and future climate conditions. We assessed sensitivity of forecasts to different parameters, using four emission scenarios (i.e., RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6, and RCP 8.5) from five future climate models (i.e., CCSM, GISS, IPSL, MIROC, and MRI). From our niche model analyses, we found that (i) occurrences from the entire range, instead of occurrences restricted to the invaded range, provide more informed models; (ii) default settings in Maxent did
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180930
Global Climate Models and the Southeast Pacific - Windows to the UniverseGlobal Climate Models and the Southeast Pacific - Windows to the Universe
Scientists use very fast supercomputers to run Global Climate Models (GCMs). GCMs are a good tool to use to better understand Earths climate. We know that climate is not the same everywhere in the world. In some parts of the world it is pretty easy to model the climate. In other places, it is much more tricky to model the climate. It turns out that theSoutheast Pacific, near the west coast of South America, is one of those tricky places ...
https://www.windows2universe.org/vocals/sep_models.html&edu=elem
Climate Dynamics | HomeClimate Dynamics | Home
The international journal Climate Dynamics provides for the publication of high-quality research on all aspects of the dynamics of the global climate ...
https://www.springer.com/journal/382
Interior Departments Climate Science Centers persevere - The Colorado IndependentInterior Departments Climate Science Centers persevere - The Colorado Independent
President Donald Trumps first budget proposal took a big swing at the centers, proposing to cut their numbers in half and reduce their budget by a third. But the Trump administration didnt try to eliminate them outright as it has many other Obama climate change initiatives. The key to their resilience is that they dont focus on the kinds of climate science that the Trump administration likes least - research into the human role in climate change and how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Now supporters of the Climate Science Centers believe theres hope the centers will ride out the Trump administration.. Even in this administration, theres a recognition that we still need to prepare for increased flooding and drought and the knock-on effects of climate change, says Bruce Stein, chief scientist of the National Wildlife Federation. Thats why the Trump administrations budget also proposed adding the word adaptation to the centers name: Climate Adaptation Science Centers. We believe that ...
https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2017/12/11/interior-departments-climate-science-centers-persevere/
Shutdown: Chance to Test Climate Change Assumption | The Institute for Creation ResearchShutdown: Chance to Test Climate Change Assumption | The Institute for Creation Research
However, even scientists skeptical of global warming alarmism tend to think that human activity is indeed the cause of this increase.3 Remember, the global warming debate is ultimately not about whether atmospheric CO2 is increasing. Nor is it really a debate about whether or not humans are primarily responsible for the increased CO2. Nor is it even a debate about whether or not an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide would result in an eventual temperature increase. It would, but this increase would be very slight. The real debate is whether or not climate feedbacks would either enhance or impede the warming, once started. In other words, does our climate self-correct to avoid climate extremes, or can small changes to the climate system bring about a climate catastrophe?6 Biblically, we would expect the Earths climate system to self-correct, since God promised a degree of climate stability since the Genesis Flood (Genesis 8:22 ...
https://www.icr.org/article/shutdown-chance-to-test-climate-change-assumption/
December « 2007 « RealClimateDecember « 2007 « RealClimate
Many people hold the mistaken belief that reconstructions of past climate are the sole evidence for current and future climate change. They are not. However, they are very interesting and useful for all sorts of reasons: for modellers to test out theories of climate change, for geographers, archaeologists and historians to examine the impact of climate on past civilizations and ecosystems, and for everyone to get a sense of what climate is capable of doing, how fast it does it and why. As a small part of that enterprise, the climate of the medieval period has received a very high (and sometimes disproportionate) profile in the public discourse - due in no small part to the mistaken notion that it is an important factor for the attribution of current climate change. Its existence as a period of generally warmer temperatures (at least in the Northern hemisphere) than the centuries that followed is generally accepted. But the timing, magnitude and spatial extent are much more uncertain. All ...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2007/12/page/3/
Climate Change: The Next Generation: JPLs Alan Buis: Pacific Ocean remains locked in a strong, cool phase of the Pacific...Climate Change: The Next Generation: JPLs Alan Buis: Pacific Ocean remains locked in a strong, cool phase of the Pacific...
images/sst/sst.anom.gif .. This multi-year Pacific Decadal Oscillation cool trend can cause La Niña-like impacts around the Pacific basin, said Bill Patzert, an oceanographer and climatologist at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The present cool phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation will have significant implications for shifts in marine ecosystems, and for land temperature and rainfall patterns around the Pacific basin. According to Nathan Mantua of the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington, Seattle, whose research contributed to the early understanding of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Even with the strong La Niña event fading in the tropics last spring, the North Pacifics sea surface temperature anomaly pattern has remained strongly negative since last fall. This cool phase will likely persist this winter and, perhaps, beyond. Historically, this situation has been associated with favorable ocean conditions for the return of U.S. west coast Coho ...
https://climatechangepsychology.blogspot.com/2008/12/jpls-alan-buis-pacific-ocean-remains.html
Climate adaptation study & pilot project in New York City - Ramboll GroupClimate adaptation study & pilot project in New York City - Ramboll Group
The NYC Cloudburst Resiliency Planning Study & pilot project is a world-class example of an integrated planning & analysis process shaping a solid basis for future decisions on how to implement climate adaptation initiatives fully or partly based on green infrastructure.
https://ramboll.com/projects/usa/climate-adaptation-study-new-york-city
Mobilization for Climate Justice | Organization | Page 0 | Common DreamsMobilization for Climate Justice | Organization | Page 0 | Common Dreams
Page 0 The Mobilization for Climate Justice is a North America-based network of organizations and activists who have joined together to build a North American climate justice movement that emphasizes non-violent direct action and public education to mobilize for effective and just solutions to the climate crisis. The Mobilization for Climate Justice invites communities, organizations and activists across North America to join us in organizing mass action on climate change on November 30, 2009 (N30). N30 is significant because it both immediately precedes the upcoming UN Climate Conference in Copenhagen (COP-15) and is the ten-year anniversary of the successful shut down of the WTO in Seattle, when activists worldwide came together to demonstrate the power of collective action. The Copenhagen climate meetings will be a major focus for international mass actions this November and December, and the MCJ is linked to these efforts as well.
https://www.commondreams.org/organization/mobilization-climate-justice
Note 4 | IAMPNote 4 | IAMP
The second issue of the WHS newsletter is now available here. (http://www.worldhealthsummit.org/) Online registration has began and profiles of some of the keynote speakers. The Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina will host a panel on Climate Change and Health.. With reference to the impact of climatic change on parasitic diseases the Colombian Academy of Medicine informs us that a symposium is being organized at the XX Congress of the Latin American Federation of Parasitology in Bogotá, Colombia from 27 September to 1 October 2011. Topics covered will include: Climatic and non-climatic factors affecting tick borne diseases emergence and spread in Europe, Impact of climatic change on transmisssion of Ascaris lumbricoides and Distribution of Leishmaniasis. More information is available here. www.saludtropicalcolombia.org. An IAMP sponsored workshop on Scientific Writing will be held next week in Paris at the Académie des Sciences & Académie Nationale de Médecine. The aim is to ...
http://www.iamp-online.org/node/124
Climate Change, Variability and Rainfall Probability for Crop Planning in Few Districts of Central IndiaClimate Change, Variability and Rainfall Probability for Crop Planning in Few Districts of Central India
1. Introduction. Climate from geological epoch has been changing with time and it is reasonable to assume that it will change. Recently, the severe drought conditions have disrupted human societies in Bundelkhand region of central India and got the attention of India on reality of climate variability and its significance. The information on annual and seasonal rainfall of a region is useful to design water harvesting structure for agricultural operations, field preparation, seeding, irrigation, fertilizer application and overall in field of crop planning [1] [2] . Climatic variability, particularly rainfall is the major factor influencing the agricultural productivity and sustainability in the tropics [3] . Around 60% of the Indian agriculture is rain-dependent, distress-prone and vulnerable to climate. Constant increase in green house gas concentrations, since pre-industrial times, has led to positive radiative forcing of the climate, tending to warm the surface. The fourth assessment report of ...
https://file.scirp.org/Html/5-4700280_48112.htm
ClimateClimate
Dow Jones Industrial Average, which is based on the stock prices of 30 companies, is used to represent the fluctuations in the stock market as a whole, climate indices are used to represent the essential elements of climate. Climate indices are generally identified or devised with the twin objectives of simplicity and completeness, and each typically represents the status and timing of the climate factor it represents. By their very nature, indices are simple, and combine many details into a generalized, overall description of the atmosphere or ocean which can be used to characterize the factors which impact the global climate system. Because the climate indices are generally determined from measurements made in a localized area, they can have impacts in other areas around the globe, through processes sometimes called teleconnections.. References: ...
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/c/Climate.htm
Whats the worst case? Climate sensitivity | Climate Etc.Whats the worst case? Climate sensitivity | Climate Etc.
by Judith Curry Are values of equilibrium climate sensitivity | 4.5 C plausible? For background, see these previous posts on climate sensitivity [link] Here are some possibilistic arguments related to climate sensitivity. I dont think the ECS example is the best one to illustrate these ideas [see previous post], and I probably wont include this…
https://judithcurry.com/2019/04/01/whats-the-worst-case-climate-sensitivity/
The influence of climatic factors on the development of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis during the peak...The influence of climatic factors on the development of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis during the peak...
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and leptospirosis are seasonal rodent-borne infections in the Republic of Korea (Korea). The occurrences of HFRS and leptospirosis are influenced by climatic variability. However, few studies have examined the effects of local climatic variables on the development of these infections. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of climatic factors on the occurrence of HFRS and leptospirosis in Korea. Daily records on human cases of HFRS and leptospirosis between January 2001 to December 2009 were analyzed. The associations of climatic factors with these cases in high incidence provinces were estimated using the time-series method and multivariate generalized linear Poisson models with a maximal lag of 12 weeks. From 2001 to 2009, a total of 2912 HFRS and 889 leptospirosis cases were reported, with overall incidences of 0.67 and 0.21 cases per 100,000, respectively, in the study areas. The increase in minimum temperature (1 °C) at a lag of 11 weeks
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-017-2506-6
Assessment of radiative feedback in climate models using satellite observations of annual flux variation | PNASAssessment of radiative feedback in climate models using satellite observations of annual flux variation | PNAS
One of the most challenging tasks of climate science is to determine climate sensitivity. It is often defined as the equilibrium response of the global mean surface temperature to the doubling of atmospheric CO2. Unfortunately, currently available models have sensitivities that vary across a wide range. According to the report of the fourth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment (1), about two-thirds of the current climate models have sensitivities that range between 2 °C and 4.5 °C. Although this range is itself large, the sensitivities of one-third of the models lie outside of this range. The need to reduce this sizable uncertainty is one of the important reasons it is urgent to understand and reliably quantify the mechanisms that determine climate sensitivity.. Climate sensitivity is inversely proportional to the strength of the radiative feedback that operates on the global-scale perturbation of surface temperature. Here, we describe our attempt to estimate the ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/110/19/7568.long
Environmental Thoughts - Rochester, NY: No magical agreement on Climate Change possible | temperatures riseEnvironmental Thoughts - Rochester, NY: No magical agreement on Climate Change possible | temperatures rise
Those of us who have hoped for a magical, Big Bang, or global agreement on Climate Change, may feel disappointed at Christiana Figueress (Executive Secretary, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) conclusion that we cannot have one. Certainly, the past attempts at Climate Change negotiations among the world powers have been dismal. So much so that were happy countries are still talking to each other about Climate Change at all-regardless of what they say. Progress on Climate Change, according to Figueres, will be incremental. (From Global Meltdown: Christiana Figueres, Climate One.) Incremental progress, a rate comfortable to nations around the world, sounds comforting, until you realize the intractability of this issue. That once-in-a-thousand-year heat wave that hit France in 2003 and killed 15,000 people is predicted by climate models to occur every other year by the 2040s. (Read The Weather of the Future: Heat Waves, Extreme Storms, and Other Scenes from a ...
https://rochesterenvironmentny.blogspot.com/2013/04/no-magical-agreement-on-climate-change.html
Air pollution, human health, climate change and you | ThoraxAir pollution, human health, climate change and you | Thorax
The results of the work by Ko et al,1 combined with past such studies, also have potentially critical relevance to the challenge of climate change that faces all nations of the world. The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report5 has concluded, in the most definitive terms yet, that global climate change is occurring, stating that: Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level. The fact that the man-made contribution to the climate change pollutants is largely caused by the same activity that causes the air pollution discussed by Ko et al indicates that, if a city, state, or nation acts to reduce the combustion of fossil fuels and the air pollution caused by them, it will reap not only the climate change benefits but also the localised health benefits associated with that reduction in air pollution. ...
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/62/9/748
Investigating Effects of Climate Change on Health Risks in Nigeria | IntechOpenInvestigating Effects of Climate Change on Health Risks in Nigeria | IntechOpen
Climate change has become a major challenge globally. Human activities have several direct and indirect impacts on health. In Nigeria, the impacts of climate change are more devastating due to their vulnerability and low coping capability. Studies on the impacts of climate change on health risks in Nigeria are scare. With this rationale, this study investigates the effects of climate change on health risks in Nigeria. Evidence abounds that climate change impacts in Nigeria arise from climate change-related causes such as increase in temperature, rainfall, sea level rise, extreme weather events and, especially, increased health risks. Health risks such as cerebra-spinal meningitis, cardiovascular respiratory disorder of elderly, skin cancer, malaria, high blood pressure and morbidity were identified as the direct consequences of climate change. The study concluded that government should raise awareness on adverse effects of climate change which is common among vulnerable groups, like women, children and
https://www.intechopen.com/books/environmental-factors-affecting-human-health/investigating-effects-of-climate-change-on-health-risks-in-nigeria
national fish wildlife plants climate adaptation strategy 012312national fish wildlife plants climate adaptation strategy 012312
800) 877 8339. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In cooperation with NOAA and other Federal, State, and tribal partners, we are soliciting public comments on the draft National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy (Strategy). The adverse impacts of climate change transcend political and administrative boundaries. No single entity or level of government can safeguard wildlife and society against the effects of climate change. When finalized, this draft Strategy will present a unified approach reflecting shared principles and science-based practices for reducing the negative impacts of climate change on fish, wildlife, plants, habitats, and our natural resource heritage. The Strategy will provide a basis for sensible actions that can be taken now, in spite of the uncertainties that exist about precise impacts of climate change. It also will provide guidance about what further actions are most likely to promote natural resource adaptation to climate change, and will describe mechanisms ...
http://www.klamathbasincrisis.org/globalwarming/NatFishWildlifePlantsClimateAdaptationStrategy012312.htm
Standard two letter codes for meteorological variablesStandard two letter codes for meteorological variables
acceleration (1) ACMANT (2) adaptation (2) adjustment (2) airports (1) altruism (1) annual climate data (11) ANOVA (1) Arctic (3) asthma (1) atmospheric models (1) atmospheric temperature slowdown (3) Australia (2) automatic weather stations (3) BBC (1) benchmarking (10) Berkeley Earth (2) bibliographic metrics (1) Bjorn Stevens (1) blog moderation (1) blog review (5) blog science (1) blogging (4) body fat (1) book review (3) boundary layer meteorology (1) Budapest (1) carbohydrates (1) cherry picking (1) Christian Drosten (11) Christians (2) circadian cycle (2) citations (1) citizen science (3) climate debate (22) climate audit (2) climate change (22) climate communication (7) climate consensus (6) climate data (7) climate dissenters (2) climate history (1) climate impacts (4) climate intermittence (1) climate models (9) climate ostriches (24) climate prediction (3) climate projection (2) climate reference networks (4) climate sensitivity (2) climate summit (2) climate variability (6) ...
https://variable-variability.blogspot.com/2017/09/standard-two-letter-codes-for.html
Blog review of the Watts et al. (2012) manuscript on surface temperature trendsBlog review of the Watts et al. (2012) manuscript on surface temperature trends
acceleration (1) ACMANT (2) adaptation (2) adjustment (2) airports (1) altruism (1) annual climate data (11) ANOVA (1) Arctic (3) asthma (1) atmospheric models (1) atmospheric temperature slowdown (3) Australia (2) automatic weather stations (3) BBC (1) benchmarking (10) Berkeley Earth (2) bibliographic metrics (1) Bjorn Stevens (1) blog moderation (1) blog review (5) blog science (1) blogging (4) body fat (1) book review (3) boundary layer meteorology (1) Budapest (1) carbohydrates (1) cherry picking (1) Christian Drosten (11) Christians (2) circadian cycle (2) citations (1) citizen science (3) climate debate (22) climate audit (2) climate change (22) climate communication (7) climate consensus (6) climate data (7) climate dissenters (2) climate history (1) climate impacts (4) climate intermittence (1) climate models (9) climate ostriches (24) climate prediction (3) climate projection (2) climate reference networks (4) climate sensitivity (2) climate summit (2) climate variability (6) ...
https://variable-variability.blogspot.com/2012/07/blog-review-of-watts-et-al-2012.html?showComment=1343767979507
OP-ED: Climate Change May Affect Your Travel Plans - and Those of Millions of Animals | Inter Press ServiceOP-ED: Climate Change May Affect Your Travel Plans - and Those of Millions of Animals | Inter Press Service
SAN JOSÉ, Apr 9 2014 (IPS) - There are few experiences more frustrating than a delay in travel plans caused by bad weather. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), this may be something we will have to get used to in the future.. In March 2014, the IPCC released the 5th assessment of the impacts, adaptation strategies, and vulnerabilities related to global climate change. The report makes it clear that travelling in the future will become more of an ordeal.. Extreme weather events related to climate change, such as heat waves, storms and coastal flooding, are predicted to increase in frequency with only a 1°C increase in average global temperature - and current trends indicate even higher rises in average temperature. Besides the more serious effects, this is a recipe for more travel delays, larger numbers of travellers stranded and a greater overall risk associated with travelling.. And the news gets worse if your destination involves beaches or coral reefs.. As ...
http://www.ipsnews.net/2014/04/op-ed-climate-change-may-affect-travel-plans-millions-animals/
Global Climate Anomalies and Potential Infectious Disease Risks: 2014-2015Global Climate Anomalies and Potential Infectious Disease Risks: 2014-2015
Based on current global climate anomaly conditions and forecasts, El Niño is likely to develop during late 2014 and persist into early 2015. The expected effects on regional weather patterns include persistent high temperatures and drought in some areas, and heavy rainfall and flooding in others. This may enhance populations of particular vectors and the transmission of various infectious diseases in human and animal populations.. Although local weather conditions mediate part of ENSOs influence on infectious disease transmission (teleconnections), incorporating ENSO indicators into disease risk predictions offers advantages. ENSO forecasts typically can anticipate local weather effects several months before they manifest, providing lead-time for public health risk communication, enhancement of disease and vector surveillance programs, provisioning of clinical resources (for example, vaccines and diagnostics), and other preparedness measures. Also, a large-scale climate phenomenon such as ...
http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/global-climate-anomalies-and-potential-infectious-disease-risks-2014-2015/
Tropical viruses: coming soon to Europe? Researchers in Bayreuth are investigating the impact of climate changeTropical viruses: coming soon to Europe? Researchers in Bayreuth are investigating the impact of climate change
How will the current risk areas be affected by climate change? This depends on the underlying assumptions regarding the future course of global climate change on which ones calculations are based. The researchers in Bayreuth and Stockholm used two different climate change scenarios. One of the two scenarios assumes that climate change will progress moderately and that the IPCC target of 2 degrees Celsius per year will only be slightly missed. The average global temperature would increase by 2.6 degrees Celsius by the year 2100 compared to pre-industrial times. On this assumption, the calculations point to a general trend that will make the climate conditions around the world more favourable for Chikungunya infections.. By contrast, the second scenario assumes that climate change will be left unchecked to a large extent. Here the average global temperature would increase by around 4.6 degrees Celsius by the year 2100 compared to pre-industrial times. In this case, the regions at high risk of ...
https://www.uni-bayreuth.de/en/university/press/press-releases/2017/071-tropical-viruses/index.html
New paper finds climate sensitivity to CO2 is only 0.43C, about 7 times less than the IPCC claims | Climate DepotNew paper finds climate sensitivity to CO2 is only 0.43C, about 7 times less than the IPCC claims | Climate Depot
New paper finds climate sensitivity to CO2 is only 0.43C, about 7 times less than the IPCC claims. http://hockeyschtick.blogspot.com/2014/10/new-paper-finds-climate-sensitivity-to.html. A new paper published in the Open Journal of Atmospheric and Climate Change by renowned professor of physics and expert on spectroscopy Dr. Hermann Harde finds that climate sensitivity to a doubling of CO2 levels is only about 0.43C, about 7 times less than the IPCC claims, but in line with many other published low estimates of climate sensitivity. The paper further establishes that climate sensitivity to tiny changes in solar activity is comparable to that of CO2 and by no means insignificant as the IPCC prefers to claim. The following is a Google translation from the German EIKE site with an overview of the main findings of the paper, followed by a link to the full paper [in English]. Assessment of global warming due to CO2 and solar influence Currently climate sensitivity (eg (is again called times much about ...
https://test.climatedepot.com/2014/10/12/new-paper-finds-climate-sensitivity-to-co2-is-only-0-43c-about-7-times-less-than-the-ipcc-claims/
Complex response of the forest nitrogen cycle to climate change | Hubbard BrookComplex response of the forest nitrogen cycle to climate change | Hubbard Brook
Climate exerts a powerful influence on biological processes, but the effects of climate change on ecosystem nutrient flux and cycling are poorly resolved. Although rare, long-term records offer a unique opportunity to disentangle effects of climate from other anthropogenic influences. Here, we examine the longest and most complete record of watershed nutrient and climate dynamics available worldwide, which was collected at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the northeastern United States. We used empirical analyses and model calculations to distinguish between effects of climate change and past perturbations on the forest nitrogen (N) cycle. We find that climate alone cannot explain the occurrence of a dramatic ,90% drop in watershed nitrate export over the past 46 y, despite longer growing seasons and higher soil temperatures. The strongest climate influence was an increase in soil temperature accompanied by a shift in paths of soil water flow within the watershed, but this effect ...
https://hubbardbrook.org/complex-response-forest-nitrogen-cycle-climate-change
Frontiers | Resilience of the Copepod Oithona similis to Climatic Variability: Egg Production, Mortality, and Vertical Habitat...Frontiers | Resilience of the Copepod Oithona similis to Climatic Variability: Egg Production, Mortality, and Vertical Habitat...
There has been an overall decline in copepod populations across the North Atlantic over the past few decades. Reasons for these declines are unclear, and several major species, including the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis, have maintained stable populations at station L4 in the western English Channel. To identify the factors contributing to this stability, we conducted a 1-year intensive study of O. similis at L4 over 2017-2018, a period of high climatic variability. For context, dominant frequency state analysis was applied to the 30-year L4 time series to derive the baseline dynamics of the Oithona spp. population. The Oithona spp. baseline demonstrated stable densities and a bimodal annual cycle. These dynamics, as well as those of reproductive output and phaenological timings, were upheld in 2017-2018, indicating resilience to climatic variability. During 2017-2018, all life stages of O. similis were relatively scarce in the top 2 m of the water column, despite the presence of abundant food.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00029/full
Optimization of Streamflow Forecasts in West-Central Florida using Multiple Climate PredictorsOptimization of Streamflow Forecasts in West-Central Florida using Multiple Climate Predictors
141 Kahya, E., & Dracup, J. A. (1993). U.S. Streamflow Patterns in Relation to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation. Water Resources Research 29 (8), 2491 2503. Kaplan, A., Cane, M., Kushnir, Y., Clement, A., Blumenthal, M., & Rajagopalan, B. (1998). Analyses of Global Sea Surface Temperature 1856 1991. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (18), 567 589. Kardioglu, M., Tulunay, Y., & Borham, Y. (1999). Variability of Turkish Precipitation Compared to El Nino Events. Geophysical Research Letters 26 (11), 1597 1600. Kennedy, A. M., Garen, D. C., & Koch, R. W. (2009). The association between climate teleconnection indices and Upper Klamath seasonal streamflow: Trans Nino Index. Hydrological Processes 23 973 984. doi:10.1002/hyp.7200 Kock, R.W., & Fisher, A.R. (2000). Effects of Inter annual and Decadal scale Climate Variability on Winter and Spring Streamflow in western Oregon and Washington. Pro ceedings of the Western Snow Conference (pp. 1 11). Port Angeles, Washington. Martinez, C. J., Risko, S. L., ...
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0044731/00001
BGD - Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on the vegetation structure and dynamics in the Amazon...BGD - Influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on the vegetation structure and dynamics in the Amazon...
Abstract. Climate, fire and soil nutritional limitation are important elements that affect the vegetation dynamics in areas of forest-savanna transition. In this paper, we use the dynamic vegetation model INLAND to evaluate the influence of climate variability, fire and phosphorus limitation on the Amazon-Cerrado transitional vegetation structure and dynamics. We assess how each element affects the net primary production, leaf area index and biomass and compare the simulations of aboveground biomass to observed biomass map. We used two climate datasets - the 1960-1990 average seasonal climate and the 1948 to 2008 interannual climate variability, two regional datasets of total soil P content in soil, based on regional (field measurements) and global data and the INLAND fire module. Our results show that climate interannual variability, phosphorus limitation and fire occurrence gradually improve simulated vegetation types and these effects are not homogeneous along the latitudinal/longitudinal ...
https://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/bg-2016-510/
Causal Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health Outcomes; U.S. Climate Change Policy: An Analysis of the Primary StakeholdersCausal Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health Outcomes; U.S. Climate Change Policy: An Analysis of the Primary Stakeholders
Global climate change is arguably this generations most pressing issue, and while some European countries have already taken drastic steps to reduce carbon emissions, the rest of the world and especially the United States, who ranks 40th out of 58 countries in the Climate Performance Index, is lagging. United States climate change policy has been a controversial topic for several years, and the rise of misinformation in the media and contrarian culture has deepened this divide. Climate change as revealed by the scientific community, however, has been established and shown to be caused by human actions for decades, and the general public is slowly also beginning to understand human influence. The importance of understanding the nuances of climate change extends beyond just curiosity purposes, as climate change has several health effects, both direct and indirect. It is no longer a question of whether or not climate change will impact our health, but the extent in which we are already doing so ...
https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/public_view/4j03d052g
The Bixby Center on Population and Reproductive Health - Invitation to bring gender to the global climate and health discussion...The Bixby Center on Population and Reproductive Health - Invitation to bring gender to the global climate and health discussion...
Dear colleagues The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has just released a new report about climate changes Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation IPCCs WGII report. The report finds that climate change has detrimental effects on every continent, it warns about food and water shortages, rising sea levels, and serious impacts on human health and shows that current emission trends mean that the world will start exceeding limits to adaptation in both natural and human systems. For the first time the IPCC health chapter has a dedicated section to gender and covers the co-benefits of mitigating against climate change and improving health. These co-benefits include reducing local pollution and emissions of climate altering pollutants from energy production through shifting to renewables, better combustion and energy efficiency, shifting diets in rich countries to less animal products, redesigning communities to promote active transport and providing access to reproductive health ...
http://bixby.ucla.edu/2014/04/02/bixby-invitation-to-bring-gender-to-the-global-climate-and-health-discussion-ipcc-report-and-global-discussion-april-3rd/
Heat, cold and climate change | Journal of Epidemiology & Community HealthHeat, cold and climate change | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
Heat is the most direct route from climate change to human health. The links between high temperatures and increased mortality and morbidity have been described in great detail in many settings around the world,1 and the physiological mechanisms are well understood.2 The effects are frequently magnified when there are consecutive days of very high temperatures (heat waves). Indeed extreme events such as the European heat wave of 2003 may provide some of the first evidence of impacts of climate change on human health. (The probability that the 2003 heat wave was caused by human modification of the global climate is more than 75%, according to one recent estimate3: it is more likely than not that the heat wave, and the accompanying tens of thousands of excess deaths, can be attributed to climate change.). It is virtually certain, according to the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (IPCC) assessment of the science of climate change, that there will be warmer and/or more frequent hot ...
https://jech.bmj.com/content/68/7/595
How bucking climate change accord would hinder fight against HIV/AIDSHow bucking climate change accord would hinder fight against HIV/AIDS
The potential withdrawal of the United States from the Paris climate agreement has broad implications for society and the environment. While much attention has concentrated upon melting glaciers, rising sea levels and conflicts over scarce resources, another area represents a major cause for concern: human health. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global climate change has direct health impacts tied to changes in the frequency of extreme weather events including heat, drought and intense rain. Additionally, increasing temperatures alter ecosystem dynamics, making it easier for mosquitoes and other organisms to come into contact with human populations and spread infectious disease (Smith et al. 2014).
http://www.polity.org.za/article/how-bucking-climate-change-accord-would-hinder-fight-against-hivaids-2017-01-11
Modeling effects of climate change on spruce-fir forest ecosystems and associated priority bird populations | Northeast Climate...Modeling effects of climate change on spruce-fir forest ecosystems and associated priority bird populations | Northeast Climate...
Eastern spruce-fir forest ecosystems are among the most vulnerable to climate change within the continuous US. The goal of this project was to develop tools to identify refugia sites most likely to support spruce-fir forest and its associated high-priority obligate spruce-fir bird species over the long-term under projected climate change scenarios. Specific research objectives included: (1) producing high-resolution (temporal and spatial) projections of spruce-fir forests, including stand characteristics like structure and composition; (2) estimating future changes in the distribution, productivity and stand characteristics of the spruce-fir forest type due to potential changes in climate; (3) comparing the distribution and condition of spruce-fir forest for different climate change scenarios to identify areas with key physiographic settings likely to support refugia for this forest type; (4) modeling bird occurrence, distribution, nesting phenology and productivity as functions of climate and ...
https://www.umass.edu/necsc/projects/modeling-effects-climate-change-spruce-fir-forest-ecosystems-and-associated-priority-bird-p
Paying climate debts for global climate justice - isw MünchenPaying climate debts for global climate justice - isw München
The issue of worldwide climate injustice has been high on the agenda of the global climate movement for several years. This injustice stems from the fact that many countries of the Global South are suffering the worst effects of anthropogenic climate change even though they themselves played a very small role in creating it.. The industrialised countries of the Global North, however, who have contributed excessively high CO2 emissions, are far less affected by the negative consequences of climate change. Although the concept of global climate justice has been mentioned frequently in the past, these statements have often been little more than empty words. Practical solutions, such as how to go about setting up relevant and tangible compensation measures in line with the principle of global climate justice, are hardly ever discussed. But as long as this issue remains nothing more than a general demand, no action will ever be taken. That is why it is ethically imperative for the worldwide climate ...
https://www.isw-muenchen.de/2015/11/paying-climate-debts-for-global-climate-justice/
Global Environmental Change, MSc | University of Greenwich, LondonGlobal Environmental Change, MSc | University of Greenwich, London
With our MSc Global Environmental Change, youll develop the knowledge and skills to address some of the worlds major challenges. Your study topics include climate change, environmental law and policy, meteorology and sustainability. This wide-ranging programme reflects the strength of unique expertise held within our prizewinning Natural Resources Institute (NRI).. Our recent interdisciplinary research ranges from practical areas with a direct relevance to climate adaptation - such as agricultural practices - to issues of equity and environmental economics. NRI academics who run modules for the MSc Global Environmental Change have contributed to global initiatives such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment reports.. This course is now closed for international applicants for September 2021. Applications are still open for UK applicants for September 2021.. ...
https://www.gre.ac.uk/postgraduate-courses/engsci/glob-envi-change
Go to Climate Disruption Threat Becomes Reality.Go to Climate Disruption Threat Becomes Reality.
Solve a big problem and get a big reward. Thats how our market economy works. The granddaddy of problems in the 21st century is climate disruption. Our increasingly unstable climate brings unacceptable economic and social risks. Solving that problem means massive global investment in low-carbon energy technologies and infrastructure. The potential rewards are massive.. The threat of climate disruption is clear. The IPCCs (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) recent report - their Fifth Assessment - is but the latest in a series of increasingly urgent warnings from our most august institutions. The Royal Society, the US National Academies of Science, the International Energy Agency, NASA, the Pentagon - all confirm business as usual takes us to a dangerous place. We can no longer stop climate disruption, but we can slow it down - reducing the costs of adaptation: more extreme weather; increasing frequency of floods and droughts; rising ocean levels; food scarcity. The solution is to ...
http://www.cbj.ca/climate_disruption_threat_becomes_reality/
SWAT Literature Database | The effect of climate change on loss of lake volume: Case of sedimentation in Central Rift Valley...SWAT Literature Database | The effect of climate change on loss of lake volume: Case of sedimentation in Central Rift Valley...
Evaluating the impact of climate change on sediment yield has become one of the major topics in climate research. The purpose of this study was to investigate sediment yield contribution to lake volume change under changing climatic conditions in the Central Rift Valley Basin. The ensemble mean of five regional climate models (RCMs) in the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX)-Africa was considered for the purpose of this study. The climate variables (precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures) in RCMs were bias corrected against observed data (1985-2016) using linear scaling (LS), power transformation (PT), variance of scaling (VS), and quantile mapping (QM). Two emission scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were considered for the future scenario period (2041-2070). Better results were obtained when the ensemble values of the bias correction methods were used. Hence, the projected values of climate variables after bias correction ...
https://www.card.iastate.edu/swat_articles/show-details/?a=5055
Mythical Climate Change Consensus Hits An IcebergMythical Climate Change Consensus Hits An Iceberg
Posted on 03/22/2014 9:47:13 AM PDT by Oldeconomybuyer. Junk Science: Climate change deniers, as global warm-mongers call those who think empirical evidence is more reliable than computer models, may soon count among their number a 50,000-strong body of physicists. At the risk of being accused of embracing what alarmists call the flat-earth view of climate change, the American Physical Society has appointed a balanced, six-person committee to review its stance on so-called climate change that includes three distinguished skeptics: Judith Curry, John Christy and Richard Lindzen. Their credentials are impressive. Christy is director of the Earth System Science Center at the University of Alabama, Huntsville, and was a lead author of the 2001 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Curry is a professor and chairwoman of the School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Lindzen, an Alfred P. Sloan professor of meteorology at MIT from 1983 to 2013, ...
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3136118/posts
Impacts, risks and vulnerabilities - Climate-ADAPTImpacts, risks and vulnerabilities - Climate-ADAPT
Europe is experiencing wide-ranging changes in average climate and in weather extremes. The magnitude and pace of global climate change in the future depends on the development of society and economies on a global scale. These changes are captured in global socio-economic and climate scenarios. Socio-economic scenarios provide plausible descriptions of possible future states of the world based on the choices made by society - they are not predictions. Global socio-economic scenarios inform greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, which are used by global climate models to provide projections of future climate change at a global scale. These projections can be downscaled, using regional climate models or statistical downscaling techniques, to calculate more detailed climate projections for Europe.. The Global Framework for Climate Services enables better management of the risks of climate variability and change through the development of science-based climate information and prediction, and its ...
https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/knowledge/adaptation-information/vulnerabilities-and-risks/index_html/
Alternative Facts about Climate Change -...Alternative Facts about Climate Change -...
Recently, EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt and Energy Secretary Rick Perry have called for the establishment of an adversarial Red Team/Blue Team (RT/BT) process to assess the credibility of key findings of climate science. These highly publicized requests echo earlier calls for an RT/BT process by New York University physicist Steven Koonin. The underlying premise is that previous assessments of climate science are untrustworthy, self-serving, underestimate key uncertainties, and lack participation from critical voices. The implicit message in RT/BT requests is simple: only the current administration can conduct a fair and unbiased assessment of climate science.. Both the underlying premise and the implicit message are wrong. Climate science has been reviewed for decades, by the national academies of dozens of countries, relevant professional societies, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and many other entities with real domain expertise. Review processes are arduous. They typically ...
http://selfhelpeducationarena.com/alternative-facts-about-climate-change/
CSI Resources: Culture & ClimateCSI Resources: Culture & Climate
AIR: The Intersection of School Climate and Social and Emotional Development. A deep dive into SELs role in school climate, including SEL frameworks, needs of schools, and measurement. You can use this resource if you are interested in the natural alignment between school climate and SEL programs.. AIR: Measuring School Climate. A review of school climate evaluation systems as a method of assessing school principal performance employing school climate surveys in a novel way.. AIR: Ten Key Ideas for Social Emotional Learning School Climate. Useful if you are seeking actionable steps to build a foundation of mutual support for SEL and school climate.. National School Climate Council: National School Climate Standards. Five standards with indicators and subindicators to improve and promote positive school environments.. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: School Climate and Social and Emotional Learning: The Integration of Two Approaches. A discussion of the mutually beneficial relationship between ...
https://casel.org/csi-resources-culture-climate/
Climate Fiction for the Sunset GenerationClimate Fiction for the Sunset Generation
Emma Gattey. Scorchers: A climate fiction anthology, edited by Paul Mountfort and Rosslyn Prosser (Eunoia Publishing, 2020), 280pp., $29. At the time of writing, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has just released its report on the physical science basis of climate change, including the role of human influence and the state of knowledge about possible climate futures. The findings are terrifying, sobering, devastating. They are also entirely unsurprising. Beyond the realms of climate research and science communication (although often with considerable overlap), fiction writers are among those who have long been grappling with eco-anxiety, futility and the overwhelming question of how on earth to compel people to care, and to act.. Art as call to action, as science communication, as therapy, as igniting a fire under yourself and others: a call to witness … and to face the future as staunchly as we are able. This is Scorchers, to a tee. A wide-ranging anthology from sixteen ...
https://landfallreview.com/climate-fiction-for-the-sunset-generation/?shared=email&msg=fail
Driving, connecting and communicating: The many roles of national government in climate adaptation planning | EldisDriving, connecting and communicating: The many roles of national government in climate adaptation planning | Eldis
Climate change is one of the most significant challenges to the Caribbeans future prosperity. The impacts of climate change on economically important sectors such as tourism, agriculture and fishing threaten Caribbean nations ability to achieve their economic and social development goals. By 2050, the costs to the region are expected to reach US$22 bn each year; this represents 10% of regional gross domestic product, based on 2004 figures. Paying for recovery efforts after natural disasters causes significant budgetary pressures and diverts funds from other pressing development issues such as health and education. However, responding to climate challenges is highly complex. Climate change has cross-cutting impacts that span sectors and spatial scales, and involves multiple stakeholders. Delivering effective climate change adaptation is therefore a question of governance.. Bottom-up, community-level approaches are important in meeting the challenges that climate change poses, but in isolation ...
http://www.eldis.org/document/A101555
Americans Believe climate Change is Real, and a Real Problem - Page 23 - Health, Science and Technology - Political Discussion...Americans Believe climate Change is Real, and a Real Problem - Page 23 - Health, Science and Technology - Political Discussion...
Observed Climate Data. Q. Should I take 1961-90 or 1990 as my baseline?. A. IPCC have usually taken the year 1990 as the baseline year for the presentation of emissions scenarios and for calculations of future climate and sea-level change. 1990 has also been adopted by the UN FCCC in their definition of emissions reductions targets. Choosing a single year as a baseline is appropriate for some applications, but not for others.. With regard to climate, for example, a single year is not appropriate to use as the baseline. Climate variability means that a single year may be unusually warm or cold or dry or wet and does not therefore make a useful reference point for measuring climate change. More common in climatological applications is the use of the average climate over a 30-year period to define the reference or baseline climate. A 30-year climatic average smoothes out many of the year-to-year variations in climate, while the individual 30 years of such a period captures much of the ...
https://www.mapleleafweb.com/forums/topic/23149-americans-believe-climate-change-is-real-and-a-real-problem/page/23/?tab=comments
Impact of instantaneous sea ice removal in a coupled general circulation model - Publication - British Antarctic SurveyImpact of instantaneous sea ice removal in a coupled general circulation model - Publication - British Antarctic Survey
1] The impact of extreme sea ice initial conditions on modelled climate is analysed for a fully coupled atmosphere ocean sea ice general circulation model, the Hadley Centre climate model HadCM3. A control run is chosen as reference experiment with greenhouse gas concentration fixed at preindustrial conditions. Sensitivity experiments show an almost complete recovery from total removal or strong increase of sea ice after four years. Thus, uncertainties in initial sea ice conditions seem to be unimportant for climate modelling on decadal or longer time scales. When the initial conditions of the ocean mixed layer were adjusted to ice- free conditions, a few substantial differences remained for more than 15 model years. But these differences are clearly smaller than the uncertainty of the HadCM3 run and all the other 19 IPCC fourth assessment report climate model preindustrial runs. It is an important task to improve climate models in simulating the past sea ice variability to enable them to make ...
https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/our-data/publication/impact-of-instantaneous-sea-ice-removal-in-a-coupled-general/
Organic Eprints - Impacts of climate change on plant diseases - opinions and trendsOrganic Eprints - Impacts of climate change on plant diseases - opinions and trends
There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases in the coming decades. This review addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development ...
https://orgprints.org/21902/
Ann Arbor Climate Action | Ecology CenterAnn Arbor Climate Action | Ecology Center
At the core of the Ecology Centers local climate work, there is an understanding of the science and a strong belief that each individual can make a difference. Climate solutions require innovation, and innovation usually starts on a small scale -- like right here in our own backyard.. The Ecology Centers work on climate change and greenhouse gas reduction is strategic, comprehensive, and innovative. Recognizing that local, individualized action is critical to addressing the climate crisis, we started this work with Ann Arbor 350, a project to organize residents to support policies and programs throughout the state that reduces our overall carbon footprint. While Ann Arbor 350 is no longer in operation. Now, we are coordinating the A2 Climate Partnership to implement Ann Arbors Climate Action Plan.. Ann Arbors Climate Action Plan was first created in 2012. While much work has been done, there is a lot of work left to do. ...
https://www.ecocenter.org/local-climate-action
Consistent response of vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in tropical mountain regions | Center for International...Consistent response of vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in tropical mountain regions | Center for International...
Global climate change has emerged as a major driver of ecosystem change. Here we present evidence for globally consistent responses in vegetation dynamics to recent climate change in the worlds mountain ecosystems located in the pan-tropical belt (30°N -30°S). We analysed decadal-scale trends and s
http://www.cifor.org/library/4246/consistent-response-of-vegetation-dynamics-to-recent-climate-change-in-tropical-mountain-regions/
Global Climate Change Specialist, USDA/USAID - Ecosystem MarketplaceGlobal Climate Change Specialist, USDA/USAID - Ecosystem Marketplace
The Global Climate Change Specialist will provide technical support and advice to USAID field missions and bureaus with strategy development, design, performance monitoring and evaluation of USAID-sponsored climate change programs, particularly those related to climate change adaptation and integration. S/he will be responsible for improving indicators, tools, and guidance related to monitoring the results of USAID climate change programs, in particular climate change adaptation and integration programs. The Specialist will provide quality control on performance reporting, help maintain a system of consolidating performance data, and analyze data for management and communications purposes. S/he will coordinate the collection of contextual data relevant to USAID climate change programs. The Specialist will interact regularly with field missions, provide regular updates on performance monitoring guidance to the field, coordinate with other donor agencies, and help improve and deliver training on ...
https://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/jobs/global-climate-change-specialist-usda-usaid/
The potential to reduce uncertainty in regional runoff projections from climate models | Nature Climate ChangeThe potential to reduce uncertainty in regional runoff projections from climate models | Nature Climate Change
Increasingly, climate change impact assessments rely directly on climate models. Assessments of future water security depend in part on how the land model components in climate models partition precipitation into evapotranspiration and runoff, and on the sensitivity of this partitioning to climate. Runoff sensitivities are not well constrained, with CMIP5 models displaying a large spread for the present day, which projects onto change under warming, creating uncertainty. Here we show that constraining CMIP5 model runoff sensitivities with observed estimates could reduce uncertainty in runoff projection over the western United States by up to 50%. We urge caution in the direct use of climate model runoff for applications and encourage model development to use regional-scale hydrological sensitivity metrics to improve projections for water security assessments. Model estimates of future hydroclimate are uncertain, especially at the regional scale. This Perspective argues that constraining model runoff and
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-019-0639-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a41ef9d0-4ce9-476a-8f6e-c821c6f0e2b0
Recorded Books - Climate ChangeRecorded Books - Climate Change
Description. From Joseph Romm, Chief Science Advisor for National Geographics Years of Living Dangerously series and one of Rolling Stones 100 people who are changing America, Climate Change offers user-friendly, scientifically rigorous answers to the most difficult (and commonly politicized) questions surrounding what climatologist Lonnie Thompson has deemed a clear and present danger to civilization. New questions about climate change addressed in this guide include: - Analysis of the Paris climate agreement, including the United States withdrawal - Implications of the clean energy revolution, from solar and wind power to batteries and electric cars - The latest on climate science, including updates on efforts to stem or slow climate change - Insights into what Donald Trumps presidency means for climate action in the US and internationally As the global response to climate change continues to evolve, Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers smart, unbiased answers to the ...
https://www.recordedbooks.com/title-details/9781684415762
An analysis of regional climate model performance over the tropical Americas. Part II : simulating subseasonal variability of...An analysis of regional climate model performance over the tropical Americas. Part II : simulating subseasonal variability of...
The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) constitutes a major source of potential predictability in the tropics. The majority of past seasonal prediction studies have concentrated on precipitation anomalies at the seasonal mean timescale. However, fields such as agriculture and water resource management require higher time frequency forecasts of precipitation variability. Regional climate models (RCMs), with their increased resolution, may offer one means of improving general circulation model forecasts of higher time frequency precipitation variability. Part I of this study evaluated the ability of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA), forced by analysed boundary conditions, to simulate seasonal mean precipitation anomalies over the tropical Americas associated with ENSO variability. In this paper the same integrations are analysed, with the focus now on precipitation anomalies at subseasonal (pentad) timescales. RCA simulates the climatological annual cycle of pentad-mean ...
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:807313
Climate Science | unfoundation.orgClimate Science | unfoundation.org
Science forms the core of our understanding of the rapidly unfolding climate crisis, as well as the foundation upon which the world can and must build solutions.. Since 2012, the UN Foundation has supported the premiere global climate science body-the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-to build and execute a communications strategy capable of breaking into the mainstream conversation. The IPCCs reports, and our work to communicate them to the public, are indispensable in informing both broad public understanding of the risks we face as well as the decisions that policymakers and elected officials need to make around the world. As we saw with the 2018 Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, the IPCC has the power to permanently shift the global climate conversation through science.. ...
https://unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/climate-and-energy/climate-science/
Adapting agriculture to climate change | PNASAdapting agriculture to climate change | PNAS
The increasing urgency for developing effective adaptation responses to climate change suggests several research areas: enhancing existing climate risk management, more effective representation of the processes by which key climate drivers impact on agriculture, assessing the effectiveness of adaptation options, understanding likely adoption rates and how to improve these, and developing more resilient agricultural systems.. Agriculture in many regions remains sensitive to climate variability, and the capacity to manage this risk is variable (e.g., ref. 32). Given that climate change will be expressed via changes in variability at several temporal ranges, enhancing the capacity to manage climate risk is a core adaptation strategy (e.g., refs. 10 and 48). Developing this capacity involves increasing the climate knowledge of decision makers so they become more cognizant of climate impacts on their systems and of how to use management options to intervene, thereby reducing negative impacts and ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/104/50/19691
Ermoupoli, Greece - The detailed weather forecast, long range monthly outlook, and climate information | Weather AtlasErmoupoli, Greece - The detailed weather forecast, long range monthly outlook, and climate information | Weather Atlas
Ermoupoli, Greece - Current weather, an hourly forecast for today, tomorrow, detailed 10-day weather forecast, and long range monthly outlook. Climate information with charts. Country: Greece, City: Ermoupoli.
https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/greece/ermoupoli
Baytown, TexasBaytown, Texas
Baytown's climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa in Köppen climate classification system).[18] Spring supercell ... The plant was officially closed in July 1986, due to a poor economic climate and the decline of American steel in the 1980s. ... creating a more pleasant climate than inland communities like Houston.[22] Winters in the area are temperate with typical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baytown,_Texas
VistulaVistula
... and predictions stated by climate scientists at the climate change pre-summit in Copenhagen,[18] it is highly likely most of ... Climate change and the flooding of the Vistula delta[edit]. Widespread flooding along the Vistula River in south-eastern Poland ... The climate of the Vistula valley, its plants, animals, and its very character changed considerably during the process of ... The river is connected to the geological period called the Quaternary, in which distinct cooling of the climate took place. In ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistula
Calipatria, CaliforniaCalipatria, California
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Calipatria has a hot desert climate, abbreviated "Bwh" on climate maps.[ ... Climate Summary for Calipatria, California. *^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on ... Climate[edit]. This area has a large amount of sunshine year round due to its stable descending air and high pressure. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calipatria
Valley Center, CaliforniaValley Center, California
Climate[edit]. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Valley Center has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, ... abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.[5] Demographics[edit]. 2010[edit]. At the 2010 census Valley Center had a population of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_Center,_California
PaleolithicPaleolithic
Climates during the Pliocene became cooler and drier, and seasonal, similar to modern climates. Ice sheets grew on Antarctica. ... The climate during the Paleolithic consisted of a set of glacial and interglacial periods in which the climate periodically ... "The Earth has been in an Ice House Climate for the last 30 million years. Retrieved 2008-03-23.. ... "Climate Change, Then Humans, Drove Mammoths Extinct from National Geographic. Retrieved 2008-04-04.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic
LentilLentil
Climate requirements[edit]. The conditions under which lentils are grown differ across different growing regions. In the ... temperate climates lentils are planted in the winter and spring under low temperatures and vegetative growth occurs in later ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentils
Sierra de GuadarramaSierra de Guadarrama
In summary, the climate of the Guadarramas is quite humid, more so than that of the rest of the Meseta Central (Central Plateau ... The climate of the Sierra de Guadarrama is marked by heavy precipitation which gives birth to the territory's numerous streams ... But, as in any mountainous zone, the climate on the mountains proper changes markedly with increases in height, and can be ... The magnificent scenery, the balmy summer climate and, especially, the proximity to Madrid and Segovia have resulted in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_de_Guadarrama
IrigaIriga
Climate[edit]. Climate data for Iriga City, Camarines Sur Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriga_City
Basella albaBasella alba
Soil and climate requirements[edit]. Basella alba grows well under full sunlight in hot, humid climates and in areas lower than ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malabar_spinach
Mineola, New YorkMineola, New York
Climate[edit]. Climate data for Mineola, New York Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineola,_New_York
NashikNashik
Climate. The city's tropical location and high altitude combine to give it a relatively mild version of a tropical wet and dry ... "Climate & Weather Averages in Nashik, Maharashtra, India". www.timeanddate.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. ... climate. Temperatures rise slightly in October, but this is followed by the cool season from November to February. The cool ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashik
William NierenbergWilliam Nierenberg
Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 1983.. (The full ... Climate[edit]. Nierenberg took a strong interest in the problem of global warming. Under his predecessor at Scripps, Roger ... "Early Climate Change Consensus at the National Academy: The Origins and Making of Changing Climate" (PDF). Historical Studies ... The scientific facts of the resulting Changing Climate report were largely in line with the previous reports. Its key points ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Nierenberg
North Fork, CaliforniaNorth Fork, California
Climate[edit]. North Fork has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Cfa) with cool, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Its average ... "Western Regional Climate Center: 1981-2010 monthly climate summary for North Fork". Retrieved 2014-10-24.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Fork,_California
Conservatism in the United StatesConservatism in the United States
Climate change[edit]. Modern conservative beliefs often include global warming denial and opposition towards government action ... President Trump also announced that the U.S. would stop making payments to the United Nations program "Green Climate Fund".[135 ... but most conservatives reject the scientific consensus that climate change is caused by humans. A 2015 poll showed that 73% of ... damage and ultimately more harm than good even if one accepts the premise that human activity is contributing to climate change ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_conservatism
Telluride, ColoradoTelluride, Colorado
Climate[edit]. Telluride has a humid continental climate (Dfb). The coldest month is January, averaging 21 °F (−6 °C), and the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado
DunhuangDunhuang
Climate[edit]. Dunhuang has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk), with an annual total precipitation of 67 millimetres (2.64 in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunhuang
Brattleboro, VermontBrattleboro, Vermont
See also: Climate of New England and Climate of Vermont. Brattleboro experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) with ... "Climate Statistics for Brattleboro, Vermont". Retrieved June 22, 2012.. *^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brattleboro,_Vermont
OntarioOntario
Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved September 29, 2013.. *^ "Kenora Airport". Canadian Climate ... "1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals". Environment Canada. February 13, 2014. Climate ID: 6158350. Archived from the original ... have a moderate humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa), similar to that of the inland Mid-Atlantic ... "Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2016.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario
BloemfonteinBloemfontein
"Climate data for Bloemfontein". South African Weather Service. Archived from the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 7 March ... Bloemfontein experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk ), with hot summer days and cooler, dry winters, often with frosts. ... "Bloemfontein Climate Normals 1961−1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 29 November 2013.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloemfontein
San José, Costa RicaSan José, Costa Rica
Climate[edit]. San José has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw).[15] Precipitation varies widely ... Climate data for San José, Costa Rica (Juan Santamaría International Airport) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov ... "Juan Santamaria Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 26 July 2017.. ... "The Climate of Tropical Regions". The British Geographer. Retrieved 17 September 2016.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_José_de_Costa_Rica
Deadwood, South DakotaDeadwood, South Dakota
Climate[edit]. Deadwood's climate varies considerably from the rest of the state and surrounding areas. While most of the state ... "climate.sdstate.edu. April 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2012.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadwood,_South_Dakota
Badgingarra, Western AustraliaBadgingarra, Western Australia
Climate[edit]. Climate data for Badgingarra Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badgingarra,_Western_Australia
MahónMahón
Climate[edit]. Climate data for Mahón-Menorca Airport 91m (1981-2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahón
South SumatraSouth Sumatra
"Climate Palembang: Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table for Palembang - Climate-Data.org". climate-data.org.. ... Köppen climate classification Af) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding ... Climate[edit]. This region has a tropical monsoon climate, similar to most other Indonesian provinces. Throughout the year the ... In January 2020, two islands in South Sumatra, Betet Island and Gundul Island, were submerged as a result of climate change, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sumatra
PuntlandPuntland
Climate. The region is semi-arid, with a warm climate and average daily temperatures ranging from 27 °C (80.6 °F) to 37 °C ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntland
HumidityHumidity
"Climate - Humidity indexes". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 February 2018.. *^ "Climate/humidity table". Transport ... See also: Precipitation (meteorology) and Humid subtropical climate. While humidity itself is a climate variable, it also ... Climate[edit]. This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to ... Global climate[edit]. See also: Greenhouse Effect. Humidity affects the energy budget and thereby influences temperatures in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_humidity
Sierra Nevada (U.S.)Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
The climate of the Sierra Nevada is influenced by the Mediterranean climate of California. During the fall, winter and spring, ... The Sierra Nevada is divided into a number of biotic zones, each of which is defined by its climate and supports a number of ... However, the Sierra casts a rain shadow, which greatly affects the climate and ecology of the central Great Basin. This rain ... The uplift caused a wide range of elevations and climates in the Sierra Nevada, which are reflected by the presence of five ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_
Mainit, Surigao del NorteMainit, Surigao del Norte
Climate[edit]. Climate data for Mainit, Surigao del Norte Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainit,_Surigao_del_Norte
Providence, Rhode IslandProvidence, Rhode Island
Providence has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) with warm summers, cold winters, and high ... "Providence: Geography and Climate". Advameg, Inc. Retrieved June 5, 2007.. *^ Brown, Seth (September 1, 2007). Rhode Island ... Climate data for Providence, Rhode Island (T. F. Green Airport), 1981-2010 normals,[c] extremes 1904-present[d] ... "WMO Climate Normals for PROVIDENCE/GREEN STATE, RI 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_island
DessieDessie
"Climate: Dessie - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 25 September 2016.. ... Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 2,470m[9] Famous locals[edit]. *Yekuno Amlak, founder of the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopian ... Climate[edit]. Dessie is a good location, beautiful scenery, and good air, located at an altitude of 2,470 meters above sea ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessie
AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability - IPCCAR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability - IPCC
AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in ... Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is filling the position of Information Technology Officer in ... GENEVA, Aug 20 - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) notes that news articles have appeared citing a draft … ... Fifth Assessment Report - Working Group II from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ...
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/
Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad | The White HouseExecutive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad | The White House
The United States and the world face a profound climate crisis. We have a narrow moment to pursue action at home and abroad in ... Climate Summit aimed at raising climate ambition and making a positive contribution to the 26th United Nations Climate Change ... The Climate Policy Office shall have a staff headed by the Assistant to the President and National Climate Advisor (National ... National Climate Task Force. There is hereby established a National Climate Task Force (Task Force). The Task Force shall be ...
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/
Climate Week NYCClimate Week NYC
... is one of the key summits in the international calendar and has been driving climate action forward since it ... About The Climate Group. The Climate Groups mission is to accelerate climate action to achieve a world of under 2°C of global ... About Climate Week NYC. Climate Week NYC is the time and place where the world gathers to showcase amazing climate action and ... Climate Week NYC Media Portal This year we have introduced a Climate Week Media Portal - you can log in here to find all the ...
https://www.climateweeknyc.org/
How climate change became a question of faith - CSMonitor.comHow climate change became a question of faith - CSMonitor.com
Debate around climate change frequently hinges on religion, particularly Evangelicalism. To many scientists and scholars, ... How climate change became a question of faith Debate around climate change frequently hinges on religion, particularly ... Citing analysis from thousands of studies, the nations climate assessment offers not just a dire warning about what climate ... Test your knowledge Climate change: Is your opinion informed by science? Take our quiz! By Bryan Cronan Staff writer ...
https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2017/0808/How-climate-change-became-a-question-of-faith
Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS) - Northern Research Station - USDA Forest ServiceNorthern Institute of Applied Climate Science (NIACS) - Northern Research Station - USDA Forest Service
Climate change Changes in the earths climate are having substantial effects on forest ecosystems and may reduce the ability of ... Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science. The Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science develops synthesis products, ... NIACS leads the USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub, which part of the broader network of USDA Climate Hubs ...
https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/niacs/
Welcome to the USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub | USDA Climate HubsWelcome to the USDA Northern Forests Climate Hub | USDA Climate Hubs
About the Northern Forests Climate Hub. The Northern Forests Climate Hub assists natural resource managers, woodland owners, ... Tools to help professionals consider the potential effects of climate change on forests, and to design actions that can help ... Private land owners and can respond to the risks of climate change on their lands. Many resources describing practices that ... More and more educational resources are coming avaiable as people try to better understand climate change and how it could ...
https://www.climatehubs.oce.usda.gov/hubs/northern-forests
Climate ChangeClimate Change
The Forest Service & Climate Change. U.S. Forest Service Chief Tom Tidwell. Climate change is one of the great challenges of ... Many of you already know a lot about climate change and are familiar with the concepts and consequences. For some of you, this ... Message from U.S. Forest Service: One of the most significant issues the Forest Service faces is the effects of climate change ...
https://www.fs.fed.us/video/climate/
Climate - WikipediaClimate - Wikipedia
Climate models[edit]. See also: Climate model and Climatology. Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the ... Climate models are mathematical models of past, present and future climates. Climate change may occur over long and short ... Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system.[9] ... "Climate". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2008-05-14.. *^ "Climate averages". Met Office. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climates
Climate RealityClimate Reality
Broadcasting September 16-17, we will be exploring 24 reasons to be hopeful about solving the climate crisis. Go to ... and help us ensure that progress is our new reality by signing up to dedicate a day for climate action in the next year. http ... the fourth annual live-streaming multimedia event dedicated to sparking action on climate change. ... Dedicate a day for Climate Action Join us for 24 Hours of Reality, the fourth annual live-streaming multimedia event dedicated ...
https://www.ustream.tv/climatereality
ClimateClimate
... Prediction. (Long range forecasts across the U.S.) Climate Variability. (Topics important to climate assessment and ... The map below is your portal to NWS Climate information. Select an area of interest and you will be directed to the local ...
https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=slc
ClimateClimate
Trump Shares Fox News Guests Climate Change Denial. "There is no climate crisis, theres weather and climate all around the ... Trumps Climate Denial Gets More Ridiculous By The Day. The president is embracing climate change deniers so hardcore it would ... Activists Challenge Biden on Climate Change: Prove It. "Its easy for politicians to simply acknowledge that climate change ... Climate Change Set to Bring More Extreme Weather. There is some good news, however-sea level rise wont be quite as bad as ...
https://www.newsweek.com/topic/climate
ClimateClimate
... Science Methods That Survived for Centuries. Observing the climate is sometimes as easy as paying attention to whats ... Senators Balk at Climate Change Cash, Citing Palestine. Senators say United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ... Climate Change Bad for Our Health. By reducing food availability, climate change could kill 500,000 by 2050 ... South Florida Mayors Ask Rubio, Bush for Climate Action. South Florida Mayors ask Marco Rubio for help on climate change ...
https://www.newsweek.com/topic/climate?page=7
Nature Climate ChangeNature Climate Change
... is dedicated to publishing the most significant research across the physical and social sciences on the ... impacts of global climate change and its implications for the economy, policy and the world at large. ... Climate and epidemiological models estimate that reducing aerosols in a warmer climate can enhance atmospheric ventilation, ... Nature Climate Change is making changes to our article formats to streamline our content and more clearly denote original ...
https://www.nature.com/nclimate/?type=market-watch&year=2014&error=cookies_not_supported&code=035e0dc1-fb5e-41e0-8a20-f77a7f489269
Investment Climate StatementsInvestment Climate Statements
The Office of Website Management, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department.External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein.Note: documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher to view, download Adobe Acrobat Reader. ...
https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2018/frontmatter/index.htm
Nature Climate ChangeNature Climate Change
... is dedicated to publishing the most significant research across the physical and social sciences on the ... impacts of global climate change and its implications for the economy, policy and the world at large. ... Climate change beliefs and perceptions Belief in climate change is shaped by complex factors. See research on how political ... Climate connections The climate crisis highlights just how connected the world is. But understanding the changes cascading ...
https://www.nature.com/nclimate/?type=outline&error=cookies_not_supported&code=df34e696-5775-4920-ba06-bcd8d44e8a32
Climate CrisisClimate Crisis
Learn how the climate crisis impacts our health, our weather, our food supply, and our coastal cities - and what we can do to ... Climate Crisis. Learn how the climate crisis impacts our health, our weather, our food supply, and our coastal cities - and ... Climate Anxiety Is at an All-time High so I Wrote a Book to Help ... Climate Crisis. Why Fixing Climate Change May Turn Out to Be a ... To Fight Climate Change, We May Have to Return to the Age of Airships ...
https://www.treehugger.com/climate-crisis-4846076
Climate ChangeClimate Change
These gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, warm and alter the global climate, which causes environmental changes to occur ... Climate change is the result of the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily from the burning of fossil fuels ... Climate change is affecting the health of Americans1. As the climate continues to change, the risks to human health will grow, ... Climate Change and Human Health - The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) considers climate change to be one of ...
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/climate-change/index.cfm
Springer ClimateSpringer Climate
This includes climatology, climate change impacts, climate change management, climate change policy, regional climate studies, ... Springer Climate is an interdisciplinary book series dedicated to climate research. ... This includes climatology, climate change impacts, climate change management, climate change policy, regional climate studies, ... Springer Climate is an interdisciplinary book series dedicated to climate research. ...
https://www.springer.com/series/11741?utm_source=sn&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=RMarketing&utm_campaign=SPSN_1_KN01_EarthDay20_series
Climate ActionClimate Action
Climate Change FAQs Use this guide to have the best information at hand about the urgent challenge of climate change and how we ... Natural Climate Solutions Science tells us that nature can provide more than one-third of the emissions reductions we need ... Climate Action We are building broad-based support and developing solutions to reduce emissions and sequester carbon through ... There is no greater threat to the future of the planet or to the mission of The Nature Conservancy than climate change, and it ...
https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/nevada/stories-in-nevada/climate-action/
Environment & ClimateEnvironment & Climate
... the level scientists warn us we must acheive in order to avert a climate catastrophe?Cook ... Open Letter from OCA and Climate Change Activists to Mobilize April 29 Against the War & Climate Chaos. ... The Organic Revolution: Change the System, Not the Climate. What if there were an organic technology that could cut greenhouse ... Ice Melt, Sea Level Rise and Superstorms: Evidence From Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern Observations That 2 °C ...
https://www.organicconsumers.org/environment-and-climate?page=980
Climate ChangeClimate Change
... is any significant change in climate lasting for an extended period of time. Climate change includes major ... Top 10 Tips to Tackle Climate Change. 1. Learn about climate change science, impacts, and solutions. ... Climate Change Audit. Eco-Schools USAs School-Based Carbon Calculator worksheet allows students to enter data from the ... Climate Change Audit. Eco-Schools USAs School-Based Carbon Calculator worksheet allows students to enter data from the ...
https://www.nwf.org/Home/Eco-Schools-USA/Pathways/Climate-Change
climate actionclimate action
375 members of National Academy of Sciences pen open letter on the "serious risks of climate change". *by Lacy Cooke ... Leonardo DiCaprio says climate action is Americas "biggest economic opportunity". *by Lacy Cooke ... If youve been thinking there should be a march for climate action after the success of the Womens March on... ... In the face of those who continue to deny climate change, 375 leading scientists who are members of the National... ...
https://inhabitat.com/tag/climate-action/
Climate FAQsClimate FAQ's
To plot your own charts or maps of various climate data for particular areas across the country, try using NCDCs U.S. Climate ... The Climate Prediction Center (CPC) also has many types of available data. Take a look at their Monitoring and Data Index page. ... During periods where there is a neutral phase of El Niño or La Niña events and related climate impacts are less evident with ... There are many other types of specific climate data from the various products listed on the left selection menu with this tool ...
https://www.weather.gov/ffc/climate_faq
Climate ClimaxClimate Climax
The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change seems to have had enough of your bullshit and there are no words minced in its ... IPCC found: Warming of climate is unequivocal with many of the observed changes unprecedented over decades to millennia; The ... a group of Iowa scientists popped by the state capitol here a couple of weeks ago to talk about the effects of climate change ... but we would not blame climate change, not in the real sense of actually doing anything about it. Anyway, youve now got smart ...
https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/politics/a21914/iowa-and-the-climate/
Climate CampusClimate Campus
"Работа со СМИ Светлана Максимченко, главный редактор, «Акция масс-медиа» Национальная климатическая школа «Climate Campus», 15 ... Спасибо! Светлана Максимченко Climate Campus * 17. Хотите поговорить об этом? [email protected] + 7 916 613 57 57 Светлана ... Climate Campus * 1. Работа со СМИ Светлана Максимченко, главный редактор, «Акция масс-медиа» Национальная климатическая школа « ... 8. Светлана Максимченко Climate Campus * 9. Пресс-релиз Здравствуйте, Игорь! Меня зовут Мария и я самый ярый поклонник журнала ...
https://www.slideshare.net/kyara/climate-campus-2241112
Climate EconometricsClimate Econometrics
w20598 Climate and Conflict. Auffhammer, Hsiang, Schlenker, and Sobel. w19087 Using Weather Data and Climate Model Output in ... Climate Econometrics. Solomon M. Hsiang. NBER Working Paper No. 22181. Issued in April 2016. NBER Program(s):Development ... "Climate Econometrics," Annual Review of Resource Economics, vol 8(1).. Users who downloaded this paper also downloaded* these: ... Here, I review, synthesize, and interpret recent advances in methods used to measure effects of climate on social and economic ...
https://www.nber.org/papers/w22181
Campus ClimateCampus Climate
Climate for Learning Survey. In 2009, the Climate for Learning Survey was administered to undergraduate, graduate and first- ... Initial Efforts to Evaluate the Social and Academic Climate. The Universitys first efforts to assess the social and academic ... The 2004 Campus Climate Survey assessed how comfortable students were working and interacting with diverse student groups, ... professional students in an effort to assess the academic and social climate on campus. The 63-item questionnaire was the ...
http://www.uky.edu/IRPE/students/surveys/climate.html
Climate Change | US EPAClimate Change | US EPA
Climate Change. EPAs climate change website is back, with more content to come. Please return in the coming weeks as we add ... Explore Climate Indicators. EPAs indicators use the best available observed data to show how the climate is changing.. Visit ... EJSCREEN and Climate EPAs environmental justice mapping and screening tool now includes climate parameters on sea-level rise ... EPA is restoring the role of science in addressing the climate crisis. El sitio web de la EPA sobre el cambio climático en ...
https://www.epa.gov/climate-change
Sutherland Climate Action NetworkSutherland Climate Action Network
Helping to raise the alarm about the climate emergency and slash greenhouse emissions in Sutherland Shire and across New South ... Sutherland Climate Action Network helps raise awareness about climate change and promotes strong action to reduce greenhouse ... Climate change is the biggest issue facing humanity. But what can one person do?. ... superannuation and electricity providers to cut funding for climate change.. Last year the Rockefeller Fund, Australian ...
https://sites.google.com/site/sutherlandcan/
Climate ChangeClimate Change
... the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. ... Climate change is one of the major challenges of our time. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to ... Climate Change. Climate Change is the defining issue of our time and we are at a defining moment. From shifting weather ... 2019 Climate Action Summit. On 23 September 2019, Secretary-General António Guterres convened a Climate Summit to bring world ...
https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/climate-change
Intergovernmental PanelEarth's20202019VariabilityCrisisCompounded by climate changePrecipitationFight climate changeWorld's2018Issue of climate changeResponding to climate changeAdaptationActionClimatologyRisksAffectsResilientTemperaturePresident Donald TrumpAdaptDenialDirect observations of climateScientists and economistsResilienceDisastersActivistsParis AgreementAddress climateSubtropicalSchool's climateScientistEcosystemsEmissionsContentAtmosphericToday'sGlobal climate systemNatural Climate SolutionsNational Climate AssessmentWeatherScienceThreats2050UNFCCCCarbonPast 30 yearsUnited Nations ClSkepticism2017SustainabilityImpacts and solutions21st centuryFutureSummitNation'sEffectsForests
Intergovernmental Panel9
  • The designations employed and the presentation of material on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. (ipcc.ch)
  • The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change seems to have had enough of your bullshit and there are no words minced in its latest warning to us all. (esquire.com)
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment to provide an objective source of scientific information. (un.org)
  • That is the key finding of the latest scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (un.org)
  • In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time. (nasa.gov)
  • Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (nasa.gov)
  • In 1988, a handful of the scientists who passionately believed in this theory won authorisation from the UN to set up the body known as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (telegraph.co.uk)
  • Lomborg also misrepresents some conclusions of the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . (washingtonpost.com)
  • Nobody on this planet is going to be untouched by the impacts," Rajendra Pachauri, chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said on March 31, when releasing the latest scientific report on the suffering and economic disruption already being experienced. (thenation.com)
Earth's9
  • Changes in the earth's climate are having substantial effects on forest ecosystems and may reduce the ability of forests to provide important environmental benefits. (fed.us)
  • This page presents a general overview of Earth's climate system. (wikipedia.org)
  • An introduction to how Earth's climate can change is found at Climate change , and discussion of the current warming of the climate system is presented at global warming . (wikipedia.org)
  • If current levels of greenhouse gas emissions are pumped into the Earth's atmosphere for the rest of the 21st century, today's children will live in climates not seen for millennia. (newsweek.com)
  • It finds changes in the Earth's climate in every region and across the whole climate system. (un.org)
  • They just released a report claiming that the buildup of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels is "disrupting" the Earth's climate. (lewrockwell.com)
  • Using historical and natural records, scientists have been able to measure the Earth's past climate. (fed.us)
  • People have measured the Earth's temperature and amount of rainfall since the mid-1800s, providing a snapshot of the climate for the last 150 years. (fed.us)
  • Climate change threatens to unravel Earth's complex web of life, and puts livelihoods, coastal cities and food production at risk. (greenpeace.org)
20204
  • January 28, 2020 - During this year's Christmas Bird Count on Key West, the impacts of climate change were impossible to ignore. (audubon.org)
  • May 14, 2020 - A new regional project, Climate Adaptation and Resilience for South Asia, will help make agriculture, transport, and other pandemic-ravaged sectors more resilient to climate change. (worldbank.org)
  • May 12, 2020 - The World Bank Board approved a $39.5 million project to help South Asia build resilience to climate threats by sharing regional knowledge, developing regional standards and guidelines for infrastructure, and promoting climate adaptation policies. (worldbank.org)
  • The State of the Global Climate 2020 finds the year was one of the three warmest on record, despite a cooling La Niña event. (un.org)
20194
  • December 12, 2019 - In Audubon's first foray into climate fiction, or cli-fi, we asked writers of compelling-and sometimes strange-fiction to imagine what climate chaos will bring for birds and people. (audubon.org)
  • As 2019 comes to a close, Congress has one more chance to pass legislation that will help fight climate change. (audubon.org)
  • Nov. 11, 2019 - The World Bank's South Asia Regional Climate Adaptation and Resilience Program (SARCAR) is equipping governments with data and evidence to tackle climate change threats. (worldbank.org)
  • Between 1970 and 2019, 79% of disasters worldwide involved weather, water, and climate-related hazards. (un.org)
Variability6
  • CP covers all temporal scales of climate change and variability, from geological time through to multidecadal studies of the last century. (climate-of-the-past.net)
  • Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather," or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Model ensembles show that the observed trend can arise from internal variability but their gradient weakens in the long term, causing more climate warming. (nature.com)
  • One of the greatest impacts of climate variability and climate change occurs through changes in the frequency and severity of extreme events. (bom.gov.au)
  • The Copernicus Climate Change service aims to respond to environmental and societal challenges associated with climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. (esa.int)
  • This page is produced with the support of Managing Climate Variability - a consortium of primary industry research and development corporations. (bom.gov.au)
Crisis14
  • The United States and the world face a profound climate crisis. (whitehouse.gov)
  • We have a narrow moment to pursue action at home and abroad in order to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of that crisis and to seize the opportunity that tackling climate change presents. (whitehouse.gov)
  • United States international engagement to address climate change - which has become a climate crisis - is more necessary and urgent than ever. (whitehouse.gov)
  • Responding to the climate crisis will require both significant short-term global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and net-zero global emissions by mid-century or before. (whitehouse.gov)
  • This order builds on and reaffirms actions my Administration has already taken to place the climate crisis at the forefront of this Nation's foreign policy and national security planning, including submitting the United States instrument of acceptance to rejoin the Paris Agreement. (whitehouse.gov)
  • Broadcasting September 16-17, we will be exploring 24 reasons to be hopeful about solving the climate crisis. (ustream.tv)
  • There is no climate crisis, there's weather and climate all around the world, and in fact carbon dioxide is the main building block of all life," Patrick Moore said as a guest on 'Fox & Friends' on Tuesday. (newsweek.com)
  • U.S. forests are in crisis as climate change, pests and pathogens all pose threats to its native trees. (newsweek.com)
  • Learn how the climate crisis impacts our health, our weather, our food supply, and our coastal cities - and what we can do to help reverse it. (treehugger.com)
  • Schools can take a systems-thinking approach to engage in evidence-based science investigations in efforts to reduce their overall carbon footprint and, through collaboration, design resilience and mitigation solutions to the climate crisis. (nwf.org)
  • EPA is restoring the role of science in addressing the climate crisis. (epa.gov)
  • C2025 works to enable the continued and sustained growth of social movements effecting change and fighting the climate crisis. (idealist.org)
  • Rebuild Maryland is committed to fostering, cultivating and preserving a culture of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion so that all Marylanders can participate in combating the climate crisis. (google.com)
  • Many others engage in "soft denial"-refusing to face the climate crisis because it's too disturbing. (thenation.com)
Compounded by climate change1
  • Residential street trees are affected by stresses such as pests and diseases, increased temperatures, and extreme weather events that can be compounded by climate change. (usda.gov)
Precipitation7
  • Climates can be classified according to the average and the typical ranges of different variables, most commonly temperature and precipitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Thornthwaite system, [4] in use since 1948, incorporates evapotranspiration along with temperature and precipitation information and is used in studying biological diversity and how climate change affects it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer. (nwf.org)
  • Increasing temperatures and sea levels, changing precipitation patterns and more extreme weather are threatening human health and safety, food and water security and socio-economic development in Africa, according to the State of the Climate in Africa Report devoted exclusively to the continent. (un.org)
  • The dry subtropical climate is characterized by unusually high annual and diurnal temperature ranges, cold to cool winters and hot summers, and two precipitation maximums. (britannica.com)
  • Climate change refers to any major and sustained change in factors affecting the global climate system, such as surface and ocean temperatures, precipitation patterns, and atmospheric conditions. (fed.us)
  • The challenges posed by climate change, such as more intense storms, frequent heavy precipitation, heat waves, drought, extreme flooding, and higher sea levels could significantly alter the types and magnitudes of hazards faced by communities and the emergency management professionals serving them. (fema.gov)
Fight climate change1
  • Join Canada's Energy [R]evolution and support renewable energy to fight climate change. (greenpeace.org)
World's5
  • The Paris Agreement is the world's collective response to addressing climate change in the years to come. (worldwildlife.org)
  • Combined with innovations in clean energy and other efforts to decarbonize the world's economies, natural climate solutions offer some of our best options in the response to climate change. (nature.org)
  • An Asia-Pacific climate change agreement was a milestone because it marked the first time the world's biggest polluters had pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions, Australia's Prime Minister said on Sunday. (enn.com)
  • The unique contribution of Laudato Si' is that it is a big and bold statement that is seeking to make the environment a focal point of religious and theological reflection, a dramatic move that may keep the world's attention focused on climate change and environmental responsibility in a more long-term, sustainable way. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • On October 23rd, ninety-two of the world's largest banks will meet in São Paolo, Brazil to discuss policies on the climate and Indigenous People's rights to Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC). (greenpeace.org)
20182
  • New York's most famous buildings will go green on the eve of the Opening Ceremony of Climate Week NYC, Sunday September 23, 2018. (climateweeknyc.org)
  • Event attribution methods estimate that two extreme mass-loss years in the New Zealand Southern Alps, 2011 and 2018, were at least six and ten times more likely with anthropogenic climate warming. (nature.com)
Issue of climate change4
  • c) I have created a new Presidentially appointed position, the Special Presidential Envoy for Climate, to elevate the issue of climate change and underscore the commitment my Administration will make toward addressing it. (whitehouse.gov)
  • Very cleverly, this issue of climate change has been framed as one of false prophets versus true believers. (csmonitor.com)
  • He said: "The Green movement has hijacked the issue of climate change. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • has long covered the issue of climate change. (democracynow.org)
Responding to climate change2
  • A new community science program explores how North American birds are responding to climate change. (audubon.org)
  • Explore how birds are responding to climate change. (audubon.org)
Adaptation9
  • The assessment of impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability in the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report (WGII AR5) evaluates how patterns of risks and potential benefits are shifting due to climate change since 2007 when the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) was released. (ipcc.ch)
  • This interdisciplinary program provides the latest publications on monitoring, modeling, risk analysis, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, and is intended for academic researchers and professional organizations, as well as governmental bodies. (springer.com)
  • I then describe advances in recent years, such as parameterization of climate variables from a social perspective, nonlinear models with spatial and temporal displacement, characterizing uncertainty, measurement of adaptation, cross-study comparison, and use of empirical estimates to project the impact of future climate change. (nber.org)
  • The TCI government is seeking to include climate change adaptation strategies into the disaster management system of the Turks and Caicos Islands in a region-wide collaborative effort that is expected to prepare vulnerable Caribbean nations for the effects of climate change. (globalsecurity.org)
  • The service will give access to information for monitoring, predicting and attributing climate change and will help improve adaptation and mitigation policies. (esa.int)
  • Together with the IUCN Regional Office for Mesoamerica, the ELC has been implementing a project entitled "Climate Change Governance Capacity: Building regionally and nationally tailored ecosystem-based adaptation in Mesoamerica" in Costa Rica, Panama, El Salvador and Mexico since 2010. (iucn.org)
  • Major progress has been made in the past years on field demonstration of climate change adaptation measures in project countries. (iucn.org)
  • CRE shares NEP examples to help other coastal managers, and provides technical guidance and assistance about climate change adaptation. (epa.gov)
  • Find resources for the water utility sector to adapt to climate change by promoting a clear understanding of climate science and adaptation options. (epa.gov)
Action28
  • Some of the leading figures from the world of business will also come together to make a series of announcements and commitments in an urgent bid to accelerate climate action and achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. (climateweeknyc.org)
  • In addition, NYC & Company, who are supporting Climate Week NYC and helped light the skyline green, have provided space for a major marketing campaign across New York City, including advertisement on LinkNYC screens that raise awareness of what people can do to take climate action. (climateweeknyc.org)
  • Here in New York, we're taking bold action on climate. (climateweeknyc.org)
  • The Climate Group's mission is to accelerate climate action to achieve a world of under 2°C of global warming. (climateweeknyc.org)
  • Climate Week NYC is the time and place where the world gathers to showcase amazing climate action and discusses how to do more. (climateweeknyc.org)
  • Join us for 24 Hours of Reality, the fourth annual live-streaming multimedia event dedicated to sparking action on climate change. (ustream.tv)
  • Go to 24HoursofReality.org to find out why we're so optimistic about the future, and help us ensure that progress is our new reality by signing up to dedicate a day for climate action in the next year. (ustream.tv)
  • Actors are wearing green ribbons to the Emmys in support of climate action. (newsweek.com)
  • Synergistically addressing local and global environmental damages rather than optimizing a specific aspect of the policy conundrum helps to effectively foster climate action in road transport while maintaining public acceptance and socially fair outcomes. (nature.com)
  • Anticipating the need to act swiftly and dramatically, TNC in Nevada added capacity for staff dedicated entirely to climate action. (nature.org)
  • Eco-Schools USA's School-Based Carbon Calculator worksheet allows students to enter data from the school's climate change audit, calculate carbon emissions before and after taking action, and provide visual tools in the form of charts and graphs to be utilized during classroom instruction and to illustrate classroom and/or school success. (nwf.org)
  • 1. To get started, preview the sample action plan for the Climate Change pathway. (nwf.org)
  • This week President Donald Trump signed an executive order undoing climate action regulations like the Clean Power. (inhabitat.com)
  • If you've been thinking there should be a march for climate action after the success of the Women's March on. (inhabitat.com)
  • Two organizations backed by Hollywood star power recently announced a partnership to pursue climate action. (inhabitat.com)
  • Sutherland Climate Action Network helps raise awareness about climate change and promotes strong action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across Sutherland Shire, New South Wales, Australia and the world. (google.com)
  • The findings reinforce critical momentum behind climate action to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. (un.org)
  • It highlights lessons for climate action in Africa and identifies pathways for addressing critical gaps and challenges. (un.org)
  • People around the world are calling on leaders to take action on climate change. (worldwildlife.org)
  • The good news is that America's leading businesses, along with our city and state leaders, are taking the lead on climate action. (worldwildlife.org)
  • Without urgent action, climate change impacts could push an additional 100 million people into poverty by 2030. (worldbank.org)
  • Without urgent action to reduce vulnerability, provide access to basic services, and build resilience, climate change impacts could push an additional 100 million people into poverty by 2030 . (worldbank.org)
  • Climate action is a vast opportunity for sustainable global development, with investment potential in the trillions of dollars and the ability to drive innovation and create green industries and new jobs. (worldbank.org)
  • On December 14, at the University of Maryland College Park campus, a coalition of advocacy groups large and small - faith leaders, labor activists, environmental groups, and others - will be hosting an exciting one-day conference called Rebuild Maryland: Climate Action Summit. (google.com)
  • This form was created inside of Chesapeake Climate Action Network. (google.com)
  • Because the fact is that if we don't take action in a timely fashion at the scale that we need, climate has the potential to wipe out the progress we have made over the past 20 years in economic development, in social development and in environmental protection. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • Greenpeace pressures the Canadian government and mobilizes citizens to demand action on climate change. (greenpeace.org)
  • Up host Chris Hayes' Story of the Week covers the passionate call for action on climate change during President Obama's inaugural address. (msnbc.com)
Climatology1
  • Timothy Ball, a former climatology professor at the University of Winnipeg in Canada, has received five deaths threats by email since raising concerns about the degree to which man was affecting climate change. (telegraph.co.uk)
Risks6
  • The Task Force will consider the physical, liability and transition risks associated with climate change and what constitutes effective financial disclosures across industries. (fsb-tcfd.org)
  • The work and recommendations of the Task Force will help firms understand what financial markets want from disclosure in order to measure and respond to climate change risks, and encourage firms to align their disclosures with investors' needs. (fsb-tcfd.org)
  • Private land owners and can respond to the risks of climate change on their lands. (usda.gov)
  • In 2014, Audubon released the Audubon Birds and Climate Change Report highlighting the risks that climate change poses to birds across North America. (audubon.org)
  • If on the shorter term, climate change cannot be considered itself as a new risk but rather as an additional element fostering the emergence of already existing risks (such as floods, droughts or extreme temperatures), the longer term view shows that climate change can also lead to the emergence of new hazards in regions where their potential risk was almost negligible. (coe.int)
  • Emergency managers and other FEMA partners need information to help them make decisions on how to manage climate-related risks and capitalize on opportunities to further preparedness. (fema.gov)
Affects3
  • On land and in the water, climate change affects all ecosystems . (slate.com)
  • Please join CDC's Environmental Health Nexus for a webinar on how climate affects health and how communities can prepare. (cdc.gov)
  • Concern about how climate change affects food security usually focuses on agriculture in resource-poor countries. (pbs.org)
Resilient3
  • In implementing - and building upon - the Paris Agreement's three overarching objectives (a safe global temperature, increased climate resilience, and financial flows aligned with a pathway toward low greenhouse gas emissions and climate‑resilient development), the United States will exercise its leadership to promote a significant increase in global climate ambition to meet the climate challenge. (whitehouse.gov)
  • Communities are redesigning their roads, buildings, airports, and railroads to make them climate resilient. (worldwildlife.org)
  • Making the right choices in favor of infrastructure that is climate resilient and locks in a low carbon development pathway is critical and urgent. (worldbank.org)
Temperature11
  • A Normal is defined as the arithmetic average of a climate element (e.g. temperature) over a 30-year period. (wikipedia.org)
  • Climate change has altered the vertical structure of atmospheric temperature. (nature.com)
  • The east-west gradient in equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature has strengthened, but models suggest the opposite in past and future climates. (nature.com)
  • This website provides comprehensive and timely information about climate and weather extremes of temperature and rainfall. (bom.gov.au)
  • New and updated national climate actions plans show some progress, but overall plans are falling short in reducing emissions and slowing temperature rise. (un.org)
  • The average global temperature for the past five years was among the highest on record, and the scale of recent changes across the global climate system is unprecedented over many centuries to many thousands of years. (un.org)
  • klima) is defined as a region with certain conditions of temperature, dryness, wind, light and etc. or  Climate is a statistical composite of weather conditions for some place viewed over a long period of time (20 - 30 years). (slideshare.net)
  • Climate change is major change in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for many years. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We need to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century to keep global temperature increases under 2°C. While most efforts toward this goal have been focused on reducing fossil fuel use, new science shows that natural climate solutions-based on the conservation, restoration and management of forests, grasslands and wetlands-can deliver up to a third of the emission reductions needed by 2030. (nature.org)
  • Expert Chris Merchant of the University of Reading, UK, explains the importance of sea surface temperature as an Essential Climate Variable to understand our changing world. (esa.int)
  • On 12 August 2009, Olive Heffernan wrote in naturenews that "Since 2002, Steve McIntyre, the editor of Climate Audit, a blog that investigates the statistical methods used in climate science, has repeatedly asked Phil Jones, director of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, UK, for access to monthly global surface temperature data held by the institute. (wikipedia.org)
President Donald Trump1
  • WASHINGTON (AP) - President Donald Trump railed against the Paris climate accord on Sunday, telling world leaders at a virtual summit that the agreement was designed to cripple the U.S. economy, not save the planet. (ap.org)
Adapt7
  • Addressing this challenge, the ELC and the IUCN Eastern and Southern African Regional Office in conjunction with authorities and stakeholders at a national level in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia undertook an effort in building national capacity to adapt biodiversity and natural resource laws and governance to climate change, as well as to identify and enhance synergies in international biodiversity and natural resource law and policy. (iucn.org)
  • We can help species adapt to our changing world by ensuring that our own responses to climate change factor in the health and wellbeing of the habitat and resources on which they depend. (worldwildlife.org)
  • The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate. (nasa.gov)
  • the countries most vulnerable to global warming's most serious side effects are among the poorest and least able to pay for the medical and social services and technological solutions that will be needed to adapt to climate change. (nasa.gov)
  • To stay healthy and vigorous, our National Forests and Grasslands will need to adapt quickly to the changing climate. (fed.us)
  • Organic agriculture provides management practices that can help farmers adapt to climate change through strengthening agro-ecosystems, diversifying crop and livestock production, and building farmers' knowledge base to best prevent and confront changes in climate. (fao.org)
  • Cal-Adapt isn't pulling punches on the climate controversy. (fastcompany.com)
Denial1
  • Last week, I posted about ten failed climate change denial arguments . (slate.com)
Direct observations of climate1
  • Since direct observations of climate are not available before the 19th century, paleoclimates are inferred from proxy variables that include non-biotic evidence such as sediments found in lake beds and ice cores , and biotic evidence such as tree rings and coral. (wikipedia.org)
Scientists and economists2
  • This solution is supported by leading climate scientists and economists as an effective, efficient approach. (google.com)
  • There is disagreement among both climate scientists and economists over the likelihood of alternative climate outcomes, over the nature and extent of the uncertainty over those outcomes, and over the framework that should be used to evaluate potential benefits from GHG abatement, including key policy parameters. (nber.org)
Resilience6
  • The United States will also move quickly to build resilience, both at home and abroad, against the impacts of climate change that are already manifest and will continue to intensify according to current trajectories. (whitehouse.gov)
  • The World Bank works with partners, including the South Asia Water Initiative and the Program for Asia Resilience to Climate Change , providing technical assistance and analytical support to develop hydromet services and early-warning systems for disasters. (worldbank.org)
  • For me, its essence lies in its remarkable journey toward climate resilience. (worldbank.org)
  • As it is already too late to rely entirely on mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions to safeguard biodiversity and livelihoods from climate impacts, governments and institutions will need to develop adaptive capacity in order to ensure resilience of humans and natural resources. (iucn.org)
  • Started in 2010 to fund 10 grantees, CDC's Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative is now helping 18 grantees around the nation use the five-step Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) framework to identify likely climate impacts in their communities, potential health effects associated with these impacts, and their most at-risk populations and locations. (cdc.gov)
  • The page is intended for anyone interested in learning more about our resources and other federal government resources to support climate preparedness and resilience. (fema.gov)
Disasters4
  • These states have suffered the most billion-dollar weather and climate disasters since 1980. (climatecentral.org)
  • Climate change is a fact and one of its numerous consequences is a change in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events that can trigger disasters. (coe.int)
  • Countries and communities around the world are already experiencing stepped-up climate change impacts - including droughts, floods, more intense and frequent natural disasters, and sea-level rise - and the most vulnerable are being hit the hardest. (worldbank.org)
  • Regardless of why the climate is changing, emergency managers have to be poised to respond to disasters and support preparedness efforts nationwide. (fema.gov)
Activists4
  • LISBON, Portugal (AP) - The European Court of Human Rights is requiring a prompt response from 33 countries to an ambitious climate change case brought by six young Portuguese, a move that activists said gave heart to their cause. (ap.org)
  • Due to the rapid growth of climate focused social movements there is a clear need for individuals and organisations with financial and fundraising experience to provide support to frontline activists and the growing global network of organisers. (idealist.org)
  • Delay gives activists more time to educate the public about this suicidal folly and above all to build an even larger, more cantankerous grassroots movement-which, as history suggests, is the key not only to defeating Keystone but to winning the larger battle for climate survival. (thenation.com)
  • Progressive activists and organizations are only beginning to grasp how climate change will affect their concerns, from economic justice and immigration to human rights and foreign policy. (thenation.com)
Paris Agreement5
  • In cooperation with the members of that Forum, as well as with other partners as appropriate, the United States will pursue green recovery efforts, initiatives to advance the clean energy transition, sectoral decarbonization, and alignment of financial flows with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, including with respect to coal financing, nature-based solutions, and solutions to other climate-related challenges. (whitehouse.gov)
  • And nations around the world are committed to delivering on a landmark global plan to curb climate change, known as the Paris Agreement . (worldwildlife.org)
  • There is still a gap between what countries pledged to do in the Paris Agreement and what scientists say is needed to avert climate catastrophe. (worldwildlife.org)
  • At the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference, delegates from 196 countries signed the Paris Agreement aimed at reducing carbon emissions and thus halting the destructive effects of global warming. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • The Paris agreement is significant in terms of politics and economics, but religious leaders have also voiced support of the agreement, and clearly a move is underway to make climate change and environmental responsibility an integral part of contemporary religious life and practice. (huffingtonpost.com)
Address climate1
  • All of our work to address climate change will, of course, mean that we need more people and resources on our side. (nature.org)
Subtropical4
  • The annual climate ranges from months of dry temperate weather during winter to humid subtropical weather interspersed with drier periods of hot weather during summer. (britannica.com)
  • The Sahara is dominated by two climatic regimes: a dry subtropical climate in the north and a dry tropical climate in the south. (britannica.com)
  • The dry subtropical climate of the northern Sahara is caused by stable high-pressure cells centred over the Tropic of Cancer . (britannica.com)
  • The dry tropical climate to the south is dominated by the same high-pressure cells, but it is regularly influenced by the seasonal interaction of a stable continental subtropical air mass and a southerly, unstable maritime tropical air mass. (britannica.com)
School's climate1
  • 18. I've had a conversation with someone about our school's climate. (google.com)
Scientist2
  • It's the most comprehensive and up to date report on climate science in the world at this point," says Katharine Hayhoe, an atmospheric scientist at Texas Tech University who was one of the authors of the report. (csmonitor.com)
  • As a senior scientist for the National Audubon Society, Bateman's work focuses on helping birds survive climate change. (audubon.org)
Ecosystems2
  • Tools to help professionals consider the potential effects of climate change on forests, and to design actions that can help ecosystems cope under changing conditions. (usda.gov)
  • There is alarming evidence that important tipping points, leading to irreversible changes in major ecosystems and the planetary climate system, may already have been reached or passed. (un.org)
Emissions12
  • Many lines of evidence demonstrate that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are primarily responsible for the observed climate changes in the industrial era, especially over the last six decades. (csmonitor.com)
  • What if there were an organic technology that could cut greenhouse emissions in half and literally suck down and sequester carbon dioxide in living soil - bringing the total amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere down to 350 ppm - the level scientists warn us we must acheive in order to avert a climate catastrophe? (organicconsumers.org)
  • BRUSSELS (AP) - Greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union have been reduced by 24% compared to 1990 levels, according to the bloc's annual climate report, but the EU said Monday it still needs to intensify efforts to keep to its target of making Europe the first climate-neutral continent by. (ap.org)
  • EPA tracks and reports greenhouse gas emissions, leverages sound science, and works to reduce emissions to combat climate change. (epa.gov)
  • Most aspects of climate change will persist for many centuries, even if emissions are stopped. (un.org)
  • The report points to strong and sustained reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to limit climate change. (un.org)
  • While Small Islands Developing States (SIDS), including TCI, contributes less than 1% to Global Green House Gas Emissions, they bear the greatest burden to the multiple impacts of Climate Change. (globalsecurity.org)
  • For decades, WWF has engaged with millions of Americans, leading businesses, and government leaders to prepare for inevitable change and reduce the emissions that drive climate change. (worldwildlife.org)
  • Natural climate solutions are conservation, restoration and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage or avoid greenhouse gas emissions in landscapes and wetlands across the globe. (nature.org)
  • This playbook showcases five innovative pathways for reducing emissions and climate impacts. (nature.org)
  • The Climate Change Bill originally laid down that, by 2050, the British people must cut their emissions of carbon dioxide by 60 per cent. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • Lower greenhouse gas emissions for crop production and enhanced carbon sequestration, coupled with additional benefits of biodiversity and other environmental services, makes organic agriculture a farming method with many advantages and considerable potential for mitigating and adopting to climate change. (fao.org)
Content2
  • EPA's climate change website is back, with more content to come. (epa.gov)
  • Every piece of content we published online focused on climate change, and this issue features contributions from Christopher Hayes and Naomi Klein, who reflect on the challenges ahead, as well as a report by Dan Zegart on legal strategies for attacking the fossil fuel industry. (thenation.com)
Atmospheric2
  • Climate and epidemiological models estimate that reducing aerosols in a warmer climate can enhance atmospheric ventilation, reduce particulate matter exposure and offset warming-driven deaths. (nature.com)
  • 8. Climate (cont'd)  More scientific definition of climate is an integration in time of the physical states of the atmospheric environment, characteristic of a certain geographical location. (slideshare.net)
Today's1
  • Today's climate movement has a surprising amount of good news to build on. (thenation.com)
Global climate system1
  • By their very nature, indices are simple, and combine many details into a generalized, overall description of the atmosphere or ocean which can be used to characterize the factors which impact the global climate system. (mcgill.ca)
Natural Climate Solutions3
  • Read our case studies to learn more about natural climate solutions in different geographies and land-use sectors. (nature.org)
  • Natural climate solutions are vital to ensuring we achieve our ultimate objective of full decarbonization and can simultaneously boost jobs and protect communities in developed and developing countries. (nature.org)
  • Watch a short video that explains how natural climate solutions work. (nature.org)
National Climate Assessment2
  • Our features writer John Upton talks our Zillow report, the National Climate Assessment, and more with NBC10 Philadelphia's Rosemary Connors. (climatecentral.org)
  • It's become a routine affair, with a predictable process involving extensive analysis of studies, numerous drafts, and eventual approval from the White House before the public release of the latest National Climate Assessment. (csmonitor.com)
Weather30
  • Staff members are authorities in communicating climate and weather links, sea level rise, climate. (climatecentral.org)
  • Climate Matters provides meteorologists with data & graphics on local weather events and their link to climate change. (climatecentral.org)
  • A comprehensive weather site, delivering everything you'd ever want to know about your weather, including the climate context. (climatecentral.org)
  • Idahoans are being affected by pollution from worsening wildfires linked to the weather, climate change and forest management policies. (climatecentral.org)
  • The World Weather Attribution (WWA) initiative, which now operates independently of Climate Central, can be found here . (climatecentral.org)
  • Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Climate differs from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Climate (from Ancient Greek klima , meaning inclination ) is commonly defined as the weather averaged over a long period. (wikipedia.org)
  • The difference between climate and weather is usefully summarized by the popular phrase "Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get. (wikipedia.org)
  • Select an area of interest and you will be directed to the local Weather Forecast Office page to access their climate data. (weather.gov)
  • It's just going to keep melting," David Titley, the director of the Center for Solutions to Weather and Climate Risk at Penn State, told Newsweek. (newsweek.com)
  • Extreme weather events may raise public awareness of climate change. (nature.com)
  • This comparative-case analysis shows that single events had limited impact on climate change discussion, but this was more common in Democratic communities and for weather events with a more certain attribution to climate change. (nature.com)
  • Because weather variation plays a large role in recent progress, I formalize the relationship between climate and weather from an econometric perspective and discuss their use as identifying variation, highlighting tradeoffs between key assumptions in different research designs and deriving conditions when weather variation exactly identifies the effects of climate. (nber.org)
  • Welcome to the Bureau's online home of the Australian Climate and Weather Extremes Monitoring System. (bom.gov.au)
  • Weather and climate extremes can have significant social, environmental and economic costs, with heat waves and floods prime examples. (bom.gov.au)
  • From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. (un.org)
  • It includes a closer look at the regional dimensions of climate change and builds on advances in attributing specific weather and climate events to climate change. (un.org)
  • The report documents indicators of the climate system, including greenhouse gas concentrations, increasing land and ocean temperatures, sea level rise, melting ice and glacier retreat and extreme weather. (un.org)
  • Global biodiversity faces severe threats from climate change in the form of rising temperatures, floods, droughts, severe weather incidents, deforestation and desertification. (iucn.org)
  • Climate change is altering patterns of weather and water around the world, causing shortages and droughts in some areas and floods in others. (worldwildlife.org)
  • The back cover of a 1977 book, The Weather Conspiracy , warned that a new Ice Age was imminent because "from all over the world," there had been "frightening reports of unusual climate occurrences. (lewrockwell.com)
  • Climate is the average weather in a place over a period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somewhat more precisely, the concept of 'climate' also includes the statistics of the weather - such as the degree of day-to-day or year-to-year variation expected. (mcgill.ca)
  • Scientists use climate indices in their attempt to characterize and understand the various climate mechanisms that culminate in our daily weather. (mcgill.ca)
  • Climate is the long-term average of weather, typically averaged over a period of 30 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • As global temperatures rise and weather patterns become more erratic, the intersection between climate change and agriculture is crucial to understanding the role agriculture plays in contributing to and mitigating global warming. (fao.org)
  • Climate and weather drive the ebb and flow of life, making rivers run, crops grow, and forests flourish. (greenpeace.org)
  • The ride to a hotter climate is becoming rougher still on the back of more extreme droughts, fires, heat waves and other extreme weather . (greenpeace.org)
  • See first-hand how climate change can break those connections, altering the timing of weather and plant growth, and disrupting the delicate relationships between plants and pollinators such as moths, bees and butterflies. (pbs.org)
Science23
  • Our scientists publish and our journalists report on climate science, energy, sea level rise. (climatecentral.org)
  • Members of the Climate Central staff and board are among the most respected leaders in climate science. (climatecentral.org)
  • Guided by science, our journalists tell compelling stories of climate change impacts and solutions. (climatecentral.org)
  • Data-driven research and reporting that makes climate science local and advances understanding of climate change impacts. (climatecentral.org)
  • Every four years, the nation's scientists from myriad federal agencies come together to release a comprehensive report synthesizing the current state of climate science. (csmonitor.com)
  • That fear likely stems from a general skepticism of climate science that runs through the Trump administration. (csmonitor.com)
  • Climate change: Is your opinion informed by science? (csmonitor.com)
  • That message conflicts with ideas put forth by many members of the Trump administration, which has taken a more skeptical view of climate science. (csmonitor.com)
  • Though to many scientists and scholars, the pitting of climate science and religion against each other is a smokescreen, and an oversimplification. (csmonitor.com)
  • Climate science has been very deliberately framed as an alternate religion," says Dr. Hayhoe, who also directs Texas Tech's Climate Science Center and is an Evangelical who has engaged deeply with faith communities around the issue of climate science. (csmonitor.com)
  • The dispute over Darwin planted a seed, and the evolution argument set the groundwork for the current climate science argument," says Michael Altman, professor of religious studies at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. (csmonitor.com)
  • But once it became an issue of global climate change, Ms. Vox notes that evangelists like the bestselling author Hal Lindsey denounced climate science as a scam "being used to to consolidate the governments of the world into a coalition that may someday facilitate the rise of the Antichrist. (csmonitor.com)
  • We propose a new approach to apply network analysis to climate science. (gatech.edu)
  • Pledge to stand with Audubon as we call on the administration to listen to science and work toward climate solutions. (audubon.org)
  • In this column, the Earth Observatory offer answers to some of the questions people ask us about the science of global warming and climate change. (nasa.gov)
  • We have also included some questions and answers about climate science topics that people often misunderstand. (nasa.gov)
  • Consequently, lies about climate change gain credence even when they fly in the face of the science. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • The Forest Service is incorporating the best ecological and climate science into its management to ensure that National Forests continue to produce the benefits that the American people enjoy. (fed.us)
  • There are already many books on this subject, but mine is rather different from the rest in that, for the first time, it tries to tell the whole tangled story of how the debate over the threat of climate change has evolved over the past 30 years, interweaving the science with the politicians' response to it. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • One man who is in no doubt about the science and has been shouting about climate change for decades is the former Vice President of America, Al Gore. (channel4.com)
  • A majority of Republicans under age 35 tell pollsters that denying climate science-a position their party's representatives in Washington follow like lemmings-is "ignorant, out-of-touch, or crazy. (thenation.com)
  • A miracle has happened,' announced a contributor to Climate Audit, a website devoted to criticising the science of climate change. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to Antonio Regalado writing in Science Insider, Jones wrote e-mails stating that he convinced the university's FOI managers to not release data to "greenhouse skeptics" because Jones believed that they planned to harm the UAE or setback climate science by drawing scientists into disputes, wasting research time. (wikipedia.org)
Threats4
  • Explore preparedness actions each state is taking in relation to their current and future changes in climate threats. (climatecentral.org)
  • GENEVA (AP) - Climate change is increasingly damaging the U.N.'s most cherished heritage sites, a leading conservation agency warned Wednesday, reporting that Australia's Great Barrier Reef and dozens of other natural wonders are facing severe threats. (ap.org)
  • Scientists who questioned mankind's impact on climate change have received death threats and claim to have been shunned by the scientific community. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • Climate change and the threats of nuclear energy are real. (greenpeace.org)
20501
  • By 2050, according to the World Bank's recently launched "Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration" report, more than 143 million people in three regions , Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and South Asia, could be forced to move within their own countries to escape the slow-onset impacts of climate change, such as water stress and crop failure. (worldbank.org)
UNFCCC1
  • Christina Voigt, Chair of the WCEL Climate Change Specialist Group, speaking during "Law Day" at UNFCCC/CoP-23 on 12 November 2017 in Bonn (Germany). (iucn.org)
Carbon6
  • An all-out effort to reforest land across the United States could plant trees on another 133 million acres to help soak up carbon dioxide and limit global climate change. (organicconsumers.org)
  • The CCL NH chapters are our local effort in New Hampshire to help build the political will to enable Citizens' Climate Lobby's goal to protect our climate and our future by enacting federal Carbon Fee and Dividend legislation in 2017. (google.com)
  • The Graun says Climate change experts said the data set was the most ambitious effort so far to hold individual carbon producers, rather than governments, to account. (scienceblogs.com)
  • to accelerate the introduction of renewable energies into the energy matrix doesn't just have positive climate change implications, it transports us into the cutting-edge future of a low-carbon economy. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • Healthy forests and grasslands will also help mitigate climate change by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in plants and soils. (fed.us)
  • Trees are the original carbon-sequestration tech, and new research continues to open our eyes to their promise as allies in the effort to halt climate change. (pbs.org)
Past 30 years1
  • A newly published series of dates of grape harvest covering the past 664 years is the latest line of evidence confirming how unusual the climate of the past 30 years has been. (climate-of-the-past.net)
United Nations Cl2
  • a) I will host an early Leaders' Climate Summit aimed at raising climate ambition and making a positive contribution to the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) and beyond. (whitehouse.gov)
  • The two-week COP21 United Nations climate change conference began Monday. (newsweek.com)
Skepticism4
  • It is definitely the case that climate skepticism is most likely among white US Evangelicals," says Willis Jenkins, professor of religious studies at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. (csmonitor.com)
  • That's not due to climate skepticism, which is now less pervasive than it used to be. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • In his Outlook essay ' Chill Out ,' Bjorn Lomborg rightly notes that skepticism about climate change is no longer focused on whether it the earth is getting warmer (it is) or whether humans are contributing to it (we are). (washingtonpost.com)
  • As scientists continue to challenge and improve the quality and understanding of climate records and models, skepticism by scientists conducting such research is alive and well. (washingtonpost.com)
20171
  • Scenarios were the focus of discussion at the TCFD & BoE Conference on Climate Scenarios, Financial Risk and Strategic Planning which took place in London on October 31 and November 1, 2017. (fsb-tcfd.org)
Sustainability2
  • Climate Ride is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that organizes life-changing charitable events to raise awareness and support sustainability, active transportation, and environmental causes. (idealist.org)
  • Designed to inspire, participants have the opportunity to meet and network with individuals doing great work in the sustainability, green energy, climate, conservation, and active transportation fields. (idealist.org)
Impacts and solutions1
  • Key reports on climate impacts and solutions from around the United Nations. (un.org)
21st century1
  • Undernutrition is identified as the largest health impact of climate change in the 21st century. (worldbank.org)
Future10
  • Citing analysis from thousands of studies, the nation's climate assessment offers not just a dire warning about what climate change may bring in future years, but a detailed account of effects that are already occurring and of human contributions to those changes. (csmonitor.com)
  • Studies focusing mainly on present and future climate are not within scope. (climate-of-the-past.net)
  • Climate models are mathematical models of past, present and future climates. (wikipedia.org)
  • and (ii) validating GCMs and EaSMs with respect to their faithful representation of current climate, including the correct sensitivity, as well as to the robustness of future-climate projections using powerful numerical and visualization tools. (gatech.edu)
  • There is no greater threat to the future of the planet or to the mission of The Nature Conservancy than climate change, and it influences everything we do. (nature.org)
  • As it happens, a group of Iowa scientists popped by the state capitol here a couple of weeks ago to talk about the effects of climate change on this state, which does not yet have any beachfront property to worry about, although we may be able to surf Ottumwa sometime in the future, if the UN panel is correct. (esquire.com)
  • Identifying the effect of climate on societies is central to understanding historical economic development, designing modern policies that react to climatic events, and managing future global climate change. (nber.org)
  • The report provides a snapshot of current and future climate trends and associated impacts on the economy and sensitive sectors like agriculture. (un.org)
  • Our changing climate is the most pressing challenge we face, but it's also the most compelling opportunity we've ever had, because there is no response to climate change that doesn't take us into a very exciting future. (huffingtonpost.com)
  • That's the wonderful thing about the climate -- it's the bridge to an exciting future that we should all feel very attracted towards. (huffingtonpost.com)
Summit2
  • b) The United States will reconvene the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate, beginning with the Leaders' Climate Summit. (whitehouse.gov)
  • In the buildup to the November 30-December 11 United Nations climate summit in Paris (21st Conference of the Parties: COP21), climate alarmists are determined to end intellectual debate over the enhanced greenhouse effect, strong arm private-sector parties into belief and activism, and hand billy clubs to 195 world governments. (forbes.com)
Nation's1
  • One of the most significant issues the Forest Service faces is the effects of climate change on the Nation's natural resources. (fed.us)
Effects8
  • Across 64 countries, education has positive effects on climate change beliefs, and interactions with ideology are more nuanced and contextual. (nature.com)
  • Alaska's Native people live in an intimate relationship with the land, share traditional knowledge spanning centuries, and are experiencing the effects of climate change directly and severely. (fws.gov)
  • Here, I review, synthesize, and interpret recent advances in methods used to measure effects of climate on social and economic outcomes. (nber.org)
  • Overview of desert sand's effects on the climate, with particular focus on the Sahara. (britannica.com)
  • Climate change, alongside numerous other pressures, is having unprecedented effects on water resources both globally and locally. (scientificamerican.com)
  • BERLIN (AP) - A "climate guardian" satellite set for launching this weekend will greatly help scientists keep track of the rise in sea levels, one of the most daunting effects of global warming, a senior official at the European Space Agency said Friday. (ap.org)
  • For more information on the health effects of climate change, visit the Third National Climate Assessment's Health Chapter external icon , Fourth National Climate Assessment's Health Chapter external icon , and the USGCRP Climate and Health Assessment external icon . (cdc.gov)
  • There are many things you can do to help reduce the effects of climate change. (fed.us)
Forests4
  • The Northern Forests Climate Hub assists natural resource managers, woodland owners, and others interested in forests to integrate climate change information into planning, decision making, and management activities. (usda.gov)
  • Already, freshwater supplies are shrinking, agricultural yields are dropping, our forests are burning, and rising oceans are more acidic-all, in part, due to a warming climate. (worldwildlife.org)
  • The pathways span three biomes-forests, grasslands (including agricultural lands and rangelands) wetlands (including peatlands, seagrass and mangroves) and climate reduction practices based on conservation, restoration and land management. (nature.org)
  • How does climate change affect forests and grasslands? (fed.us)
Climate Emergency - YouTube
Climate Emergency - YouTube (youtube.com)
Global Climate Emergency - YouTube
Global Climate Emergency - YouTube (youtube.com)
A Human Climate - YouTube
A Human Climate - YouTube (youtube.com)
Climate change might be helping octopuses
Climate change might be helping octopuses (usatoday.com)
Murdoch: climate change alarmist nonsense - CNNPolitics
Murdoch: climate change "alarmist nonsense" - CNNPolitics (cnn.com)
Global Climate Talks Spark Frustration
Global Climate Talks Spark Frustration (livescience.com)
Permian Period: Climate, Animals & Plants
Permian Period: Climate, Animals & Plants (livescience.com)
Extinctions from Climate Change Underestimated
Extinctions from Climate Change Underestimated (livescience.com)
Global climate change draft agreement reached - CNN
Global climate change draft agreement reached - CNN (cnn.com)
Study: Suicide linked to Earth's hotter climate
Study: Suicide linked to Earth's hotter climate (usatoday.com)
Pope offers clarity on climate change
Pope offers clarity on climate change (indystar.com)
Precambrian | Life, Climate, & Facts | Britannica.com
Precambrian | Life, Climate, & Facts | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Climate Caravan thru Latin America | Indiegogo
Climate Caravan thru Latin America | Indiegogo (indiegogo.com)
Climate change could cripple South Florida
Climate change could cripple South Florida (palmbeachpost.com)
Climate Change May Hurt Babies' Hearts
Climate Change May Hurt Babies' Hearts (livescience.com)
Todd Rokita right about climate change
Todd Rokita right about climate change (indystar.com)
Gulf Times - Qatar-climate
Gulf Times - Qatar-climate (gulf-times.com)
EPA removes climate change information from website - CNNPolitics
EPA removes climate change information from website - CNNPolitics (cnn.com)
WH: US staying out of climate accord - CNNPolitics
WH: US staying out of climate accord - CNNPolitics (cnn.com)
Obama's climate change plans at stake - CNN Video
Obama's climate change plans at stake - CNN Video (cnn.com)
UN leader: Paris climate agreement 'absolutely essential' - CNNPolitics
UN leader: Paris climate agreement 'absolutely essential' - CNNPolitics (cnn.com)
Climate report author: Facts aren't optional - CNN Video
Climate report author: Facts aren't optional - CNN Video (cnn.com)
Will Trump purge climate change scientists? - CNN Video
Will Trump purge climate change scientists? - CNN Video (cnn.com)
Carbon tax: The blue-collar climate plan - CNNPolitics
Carbon tax: The blue-collar climate plan - CNNPolitics (cnn.com)
Climate study: harsher blizzards but less snow overall
Climate study: harsher blizzards but less snow overall (usatoday.com)
What Trump's climate change executive order accomplishes - CNNPolitics
What Trump's climate change executive order accomplishes - CNNPolitics (cnn.com)
Ngāi Tahu hosts inaugural climate change symposium - YouTube
Ngāi Tahu hosts inaugural climate change symposium - YouTube (youtube.com)
Weather vs. Climate: Crash Course Kids #28.1 - YouTube
Weather vs. Climate: Crash Course Kids #28.1 - YouTube (youtube.com)
Dropbox - Climate Guides & Instructions - Simplify your life
Dropbox - Climate Guides & Instructions - Simplify your life (dropbox.com)
International Salmon Delegation for the Climate | Indiegogo
International Salmon Delegation for the Climate | Indiegogo (indiegogo.com)
The science of climate change - CBS News
The science of climate change - CBS News (cbsnews.com)
Only Climate Action Can Save Polar Bears
Only Climate Action Can Save Polar Bears (livescience.com)
Culprit of Deadly Tibet Avalanche: Climate Change
Culprit of Deadly Tibet Avalanche: Climate Change (livescience.com)
Climate Change a Buzzkill for Coffee Lovers
Climate Change a Buzzkill for Coffee Lovers (uvm.edu)