The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.
The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A climate characterized by COLD TEMPERATURE for a majority of the time during the year.
Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).
A type of climate characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life. It is a climate of extreme aridity, usually of extreme heat, and of negligible rainfall. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The Arctic Ocean and the lands in it and adjacent to it. It includes Point Barrow, Alaska, most of the Franklin District in Canada, two thirds of Greenland, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land, Lapland, Novaya Zemlya, and Northern Siberia. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p66)
A thick mass of ICE formed over large regions of land; RIVERS; LAKES; ponds; or SEAWATER.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
The ceasing of existence of a species or taxonomic groups of organisms.
Characteristic events occurring in the ATMOSPHERE during the interactions and transformation of various atmospheric components and conditions.
Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.
The science of studying the characteristics of the atmosphere such as its temperature, density, winds, clouds, precipitation, and other atmospheric phenomena and aiming to account for the weather in terms of external influences and the basic laws of physics. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.
Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values, which are subject to change, are reflected in the day to day management of the organization.
Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.
The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.
Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.
Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.
Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)
The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.
Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.
El Nino-Southern Oscillation or ENSO is a cycle of extreme alternating warm El Niño and cold La Nina events which is the dominant year-to-year climate pattern on Earth. Both terms refer to large-scale changes in sea-surface temperature across the eastern tropical Pacific. ENSO is associated with a heightened risk of certain vector-borne diseases. (From http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/lanina_new_faq.html, accessed 5/12/2020)
The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.
'Fires' is not a recognized medical term for a symptom, diagnosis, or condition in patients.
Circulation of water among various ecological systems, in various states, on, above, and below the surface of the earth.
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
Sudden onset water phenomena with different speed of occurrence. These include flash floods, seasonal river floods, and coastal floods, associated with CYCLONIC STORMS; TIDALWAVES; and storm surges.
Activities performed by humans.
The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.
A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.
Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.
Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.
Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.
Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.
The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)
The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Atlantic Ocean" is a geographical term referring to one of the world's five oceans, covering approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. It doesn't have a direct medical definition, as it is not a medical term.
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.
The collective name for the republics of ESTONIA; LATVIA; and LITHUANIA on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p111)
A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body.
The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.
Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.
While there isn't a specific medical definition for "North America," I can provide a geographical definition that is often used in public health and medical contexts: North America is the third largest continent by area, encompassing 23 independent states, including the United States, Canada, and Mexico, which are home to diverse populations, cultures, and ecosystems, and share common health-related challenges such as obesity, diabetes, and healthcare access disparities.
The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.
A process by which animals in various forms and stages of development are physically distributed through time and space.
A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
A genus of deer, Rangifer, that inhabits the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. Caribou is the North American name; reindeer, the European. They are often domesticated and used, especially in Lapland, for drawing sleds and as a source of food. Rangifer is the only genus of the deer family in which both sexes are antlered. Most caribou inhabit arctic tundra and surrounding arboreal coniferous forests and most have seasonal shifts in migration. They are hunted extensively for their meat, skin, antlers, and other parts. (From Webster, 3d ed; Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1397)
An animal or plant species in danger of extinction. Causes can include human activity, changing climate, or change in predator/prey ratios.
A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but there seems to be a misunderstanding as "South America" is not a medical term and cannot have a medical definition. It is a geographical term referring to the southern portion of the American continent, consisting of twelve independent countries and three territories of other nations.
Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. Balm of Gilead is a common name more often referring to POPULUS and sometimes to COMMIPHORA.
Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).
The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of organisms which inhabit the OCEANS AND SEAS.
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.
The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Pacific Ocean" is a geographical term referring to the largest ocean in the world, covering an area of about 63,800,000 square miles (165,200,000 square kilometers), and it is not a medical term.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter.
Creating a representation of areas of the earth or other celestial bodies, for the purpose of visualizing spatial distributions of various information.
A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.
The sole family in the order Sphenisciformes, comprised of 17 species of penguins in six genera. They are flightless seabirds of the Southern Hemisphere, highly adapted for marine life.
The science that deals with the ocean and its phenomena. (Webster, 3d ed)
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but 'Europe' is a geographical continent and not a medical term; therefore, it doesn't have a medical definition.
**I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Greenland" is not a medical term.** It is a geographical location, the world's largest island, located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, primarily inhabited by Inuit and Danish populations. If you have any medical questions or terms, I'd be happy to help clarify those!
Events and activities of the Earth and its structures.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)
Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.
The sequence of transfers of matter and energy from organism to organism in the form of FOOD. Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms consume more than one type of animal or plant. PLANTS, which convert SOLAR ENERGY to food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS, are the primary food source. In a predator chain, a plant-eating animal is eaten by a larger animal. In a parasite chain, a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by smaller organisms. In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live on dead organic matter.
The condition in which reasonable knowledge regarding risks, benefits, or the future is not available.
The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.
Calamities producing great damage, loss of life, and distress. They include results of natural phenomena and man-made phenomena. Normal conditions of existence are disrupted and the level of impact exceeds the capacity of the hazard-affected community.
The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.
A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.
The ash, dust, gases, and lava released by volcanic explosion. The gases are volatile matter composed principally of about 90% water vapor, and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The ash or dust is pyroclastic ejecta and lava is molten extrusive material consisting mainly of magnesium silicate. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
I'm afraid there seems to be a misunderstanding - "Africa" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, consisting of 54 countries with diverse cultures, peoples, languages, and landscapes. If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help answer those for you!
The development of systems to prevent accidents, injuries, and other adverse occurrences in an institutional setting. The concept includes prevention or reduction of adverse events or incidents involving employees, patients, or facilities. Examples include plans to reduce injuries from falls or plans for fire safety to promote a safe institutional environment.
Minute free-floating animal organisms which live in practically all natural waters.
The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.
The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.
Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.
A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.
A group of conditions that develop due to overexposure or overexertion in excessive environmental heat.
Inland bodies of still or slowly moving FRESH WATER or salt water, larger than a pond, and supplied by RIVERS and streams.
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "North Sea" is geographical and refers to the northernmost part of the Atlantic Ocean, located between eastern England, east Scotland, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France, rather than having a medical definition.
A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst Africa in the west, Australia in the east, Asia in the north, and Antarctica in the south. Including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the ATLANTIC OCEAN and the PACIFIC OCEAN. (New Encyclopaedia Britannica Micropaedia, 15th ed, 1990, p289)
Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen, pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. Each of the linear, spirally arranged leaves is jointed near the stem on a separate woody base.
A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE that is a source of TANNINS. Do not confuse with Holly (ILEX).
Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.
An order of amoeboid EUKARYOTES characterized by reticulating pseudopods and a complex life cycle with an alternation of generations. Most are less than 1mm in size and found in marine or brackish water.
Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.
The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)
The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta.
Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties and include the dimension of time in the analysis.
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)
The distinctly human attributes and attainments of a particular society.
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
Time period from 1501 through 1600 of the common era.
The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
Any type of variation in the appearance of energy output of the sun. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)
Places for cultivation and harvesting of fish, particularly in sea waters. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Marine ridges composed of living CORALS, coral skeletons, calcareous algae, and other organisms, mixed with minerals and organic matter. They are found most commonly in tropical waters and support other animal and plant life.
An order of pelagic, shrimplike CRUSTACEA. Many consume ZOOPLANKTON and a few are predacious. Many antarctic species, such as Euphausia superba, constitute the chief food of other animals.
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.
The act of feeding on plants by animals.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A former branch of knowledge embracing the study, description, and classification of natural objects (as animals, plants, and minerals) and thus including the modern sciences of zoology, botany, and mineralogy insofar as they existed at that time. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries it was much used for the generalized pursuit of certain areas of science. (Webster, 3d ed; from Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)
The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.
Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)
The genus Lepus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Hares are born above ground, fully furred, and with their eyes and ears open. In contrast with RABBITS, hares have 24 chromosome pairs.
The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.
Water waves caused by the gravitational interactions between the EARTH; MOON; and SUN.
Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are medical conditions that result from the infection, transmission, or colonization of pathogenic microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, which can be spread from one host to another through various modes of transmission.
A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.
The heath plant family of the order Ericales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are generally shrubs or small trees. Leaves are alternate, simple, and leathery; flowers are symmetrical with a 4- or 5-parted corolla of partly fused petals.
High temperature weather exceeding the average and of several weeks duration. Extreme heat is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people.
Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
VERTEBRATES belonging to the class amphibia such as frogs, toads, newts and salamanders that live in a semiaquatic environment.
An area of water mostly surrounded by land, usually smaller than a gulf, and affording access to the sea.
A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants.
The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
A state in northeastern Australia. Its capital is Brisbane. Its coast was first visited by Captain Cook in 1770 and its first settlement (penal) was located on Moreton Bay in 1824. The name Cooksland was first proposed but honor to Queen Victoria prevailed. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p996 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p441)
Removal of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS or contaminants for the general protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING.
The physical measurements of a body.
Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.
Celestial bodies orbiting around the sun or other stars.
Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.
A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE. The species are slow growing coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs.
'Animal diseases' is a term that refers to any illness or infection that affects the health and well-being of non-human animals, caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or toxic substances, which can impact individual animals, herds, or entire species, and may have implications for human health through zoonotic transmission.
An autonomous region located in central Asia, within China.
An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)
The reproductive organs of plants.
An independent state consisting of three islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily. Its capital is Valetta. The major island is Malta, the two smaller islands are Comino and Gozo. It was a Phoenician and Carthaginian colony, captured by the Romans in 218 B.C. It was overrun by Saracens in 870, taken by the Normans in 1090, and subsequently held by the French and later the British who allotted them a dominion government in 1921. It became a crown colony in 1933, achieving independence in 1964. The name possibly comes from a pre-Indoeuropean root mel, high, referring to its rocks, but a more picturesque origin derives the name from the Greek melitta or melissa, honey, with reference to its early fame for its honey production. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p719 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p330)
Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.
The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.
An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.
The period of history from the year 500 through 1450 of the common era.
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.
**I'm sorry for the confusion, but 'Nevada' is not a medical term.** It is a geographical location, specifically a state in the southwestern United States. If you have any medical terms or concepts you would like me to define or explain, please let me know!
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
A species of fish in the cod family GADIDAE, known as the Atlantic cod. It is one of the most important commercial FISHES.
Organisms that live in water.
Irradiation directly from the sun.
The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned.

Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. (1/2516)

To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. Cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and Great Basin desert scrub lands, at elevations of 1,800 m to 2,500 m. Environmental factors (e.g., the dramatic increase in precipitation associated with the 1992 to 1993 El Nino) may indirectly increase the risk for Sin Nombre virus exposure and therefore may be of value in designing disease prevention campaigns.  (+info)

Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare. (2/2516)

For almost 30 years. serious interest has been directed toward natural gas hydrate, a crystalline solid composed of water and methane, as a potential (i) energy resource, (ii) factor in global climate change, and (iii) submarine geohazard. Although each of these issues can affect human welfare, only (iii) is considered to be of immediate importance. Assessments of gas hydrate as an energy resource have often been overly optimistic, based in part on its very high methane content and on its worldwide occurrence in continental margins. Although these attributes are attractive, geologic settings, reservoir properties, and phase-equilibria considerations diminish the energy resource potential of natural gas hydrate. The possible role of gas hydrate in global climate change has been often overstated. Although methane is a "greenhouse" gas in the atmosphere, much methane from dissociated gas hydrate may never reach the atmosphere, but rather may be converted to carbon dioxide and sequestered by the hydrosphere/biosphere before reaching the atmosphere. Thus, methane from gas hydrate may have little opportunity to affect global climate change. However, submarine geohazards (such as sediment instabilities and slope failures on local and regional scales, leading to debris flows, slumps, slides, and possible tsunamis) caused by gas-hydrate dissociation are of immediate and increasing importance as humankind moves to exploit seabed resources in ever-deepening waters of coastal oceans. The vulnerability of gas hydrate to temperature and sea level changes enhances the instability of deep-water oceanic sediments, and thus human activities and installations in this setting can be affected.  (+info)

Environmental variation shapes sexual dimorphism in red deer. (3/2516)

Sexual dimorphism results from dichotomous selection on male and female strategies of growth in relation to reproduction. In polygynous mammals, these strategies reflect sexual selection on males for access to females and competitive selection on females for access to food. Consequently, in such species, males display rapid early growth to large adult size, whereas females invest in condition and early sexual maturity at the expense of size. Hence, the magnitude of adult size dimorphism should be susceptible to divergence of the sexes in response to environmental factors differentially influencing their growth to reproduction. We show that divergent growth of male and female red deer after 32 years of winter warming and 15 years of contemporaneously earlier plant phenology support this prediction. In response to warmer climate during their early development, males grew more rapidly and increased in size, while female size declined. Conversely, females, but not males, responded to earlier plant phenology with increased investment in condition and earlier reproduction. Accordingly, adult size dimorphism increased in relation to warmer climate, whereas it declined in relation to forage quality. Thus, the evolutionary trajectories of growth related to reproduction in the sexes (i) originate from sexual and competitive selection, (ii) produce sexual size dimorphism, and (iii) are molded by environmental variation.  (+info)

Deriving meteorological variables across Africa for the study and control of vector-borne disease: a comparison of remote sensing and spatial interpolation of climate. (4/2516)

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the utility of remote sensing (RS) using meteorological satellites sensors and spatial interpolation (SI) of data from meteorological stations, for the prediction of spatial variation in monthly climate across continental Africa in 1990. Information from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) polar-orbiting meteorological satellites was used to estimate land surface temperature (LST) and atmospheric moisture. Cold cloud duration (CCD) data derived from the High Resolution Radiometer (HRR) on-board the European Meteorological Satellite programme's (EUMETSAT) Meteosat satellite series were also used as a RS proxy measurement of rainfall. Temperature, atmospheric moisture and rainfall surfaces were independently derived from SI of measurements from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) member stations of Africa. These meteorological station data were then used to test the accuracy of each methodology, so that the appropriateness of the two techniques for epidemiological research could be compared. SI was a more accurate predictor of temperature, whereas RS provided a better surrogate for rainfall; both were equally accurate at predicting atmospheric moisture. The implications of these results for mapping short and long-term climate change and hence their potential for the study and control of disease vectors are considered. Taking into account logistic and analytical problems, there were no clear conclusions regarding the optimality of either technique, but there was considerable potential for synergy.  (+info)

Towards a kala azar risk map for Sudan: mapping the potential distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis using digital data of environmental variables. (5/2516)

The need to define the geographical distribution of Phlebotomus orientalis results from its importance as the dominant vector of kala azar (visceral Iceishmaniasis) in Sudan. Recent epidermics of this disease in southern and eastern Sudan caused an estimated 100000 deaths and have renewed the impetus for defining the ecological boundaries of the vector. This information is an essential prerequisite to the production of a risk map for kala azar. This study uses data on the presence and absence of P. orientalis from 44 collecting sites across the central belt of Sudan. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of the presence of P. orientalis at each collecting site as a function of climatic and environmental variables (rainfall; temperature; altitude; soil type and the satellite-derived environmental proxies - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Land Surface Temperature). The logistic regression model indicates mean annual maximum daily temperature and soil type as the most important ecological determinants of P. orientalis distribution. An initial risk map was created in a raster-based geographical information system which delineates the area where P. orientalis may occur. This map was then refined using a mask layer indicating the known rainfall-based boundaries of the distribution of Acacia-Balanites woodland - a woodland type known to be associated with the distribution of this vector. The predictive performance of the risk map is discussed.  (+info)

An integrated assessment framework for climate change and infectious diseases. (6/2516)

Many potential human health effects have been hypothesized to result either directly or indirectly from global climate change. Changes in the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely cited potential effects of climate change, and could have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts. These changes in disease incidence would be mediated through biologic, ecologic, sociologic, and epidemiologic processes that interact with each other and which may themselves be influenced by climate change. Although hypothesized infectious disease effects have been widely discussed, there have not yet been thorough quantitative studies addressing the many processes at work. In part this is because of the complexity of the many indirect and feedback interactions or mechanisms that bear on all aspects of the climate issue. It also results from the difficulty of including the multitude of always-changing determinants of these diseases. This paper proposes a framework for an integrated assessment of the impacts of climate change on infectious diseases. The framework allows identification of potentially important indirect interactions or mechanisms, identification of important research gaps, and a means of integrating targeted research from a variety of disciplines into an enhanced understanding of the whole system.  (+info)

Malaria reemergence in the Peruvian Amazon region. (7/2516)

Epidemic malaria has rapidly emerged in Loreto Department, in the Peruvian Amazon region. Peru reports the second highest number of malaria cases in South America (after Brazil), most from Loreto. From 1992 to 1997, malaria increased 50-fold in Loreto but only fourfold in Peru. Plasmodium falciparum infection, which has increased at a faster rate than P. vivax infection in the last 3 years, became the dominant Plasmodium infection in the highest transmission areas in the 1997 rainy season. The vector Anopheles darlingi has also increased during this epidemic in Loreto. Moreover, chloroquine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine drug-resistant P. falciparum strains have emerged, which require development of efficacious focal drug treatment schemes.  (+info)

Public health consequences of global climate change in the United States--some regions may suffer disproportionately. (8/2516)

Current risk assessments of the likely regional health impacts of global climate change (GCC) are hindered by two factors. First, dose-response relationships between weather parameters and many of the likely health effects have not been developed, and second, reliable estimates of future regional climates across the United States are still beyond the scope of current modeling efforts. Consequently, probabilistic risk estimates of most of the likely regional health impacts of GCC have such a high degree of uncertainty that their usefulness to health officials dealing with regional issues is very limited. With the numerous pressures on today's health care systems, it is understandable that the possible consequences of GCC have received scant attention from regional health care decision makers. Indeed, the consensus among this community appears to be that any increases in health effects associated with GCC will be easily handled by the current health care system. However, such a position may be naive as the potential exists that an unequal distribution of such effects could overwhelm some regions, whereas others may feel little or no impact. This review of the likely regional impacts of GCC has been structured as a semianalytical look at this issue of distributional effects. Because of the lack of dose-response information and reliable estimates of future regional climates, however, it takes a historical perspective. That is, it assumes that the quality and quantity of health risks a region faces under GCC will be directly related to its recent history of health risks from warm weather/climate-related diseases as well as to the size, characteristics, and distribution of the sensitive subpopulations currently residing within its borders. The approach is semiquantitative; however, it uses national data gathered on a regional level and as such should only be used to generate a hypothesis rather than test it. When applied to the United States, its outcome leads to the hypothesis that if indeed history repeats itself, some states or regions may be more greatly affected by GCC than others, not only because historically they are more prone to summer weather/climate-related diseases, but also because they contain a greater proportion of the sensitive subpopulations in the United States.  (+info)

Climate, in the context of environmental science and medicine, refers to the long-term average of weather conditions (such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological elements) in a given region over a period of years to decades. It is the statistical description of the weather patterns that occur in a particular location over long periods of time.

In medical terms, climate can have significant impacts on human health, both physical and mental. For example, extreme temperatures, air pollution, and ultraviolet radiation levels associated with certain climates can increase the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, heat-related illnesses, and skin cancer. Similarly, changes in climate patterns can affect the distribution and prevalence of infectious diseases, such as malaria and Lyme disease.

Climate change, which refers to significant long-term changes in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, can have even more profound impacts on human health, including increased rates of heat-related illnesses and deaths, worsening air quality, and altered transmission patterns of infectious diseases.

Climate change, as defined medically, refers to the long-term alterations in the statistical distribution of weather patterns caused by changes in the Earth's climate system. These changes can have significant impacts on human health and wellbeing.

Medical professionals are increasingly recognizing the importance of addressing climate change as a public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified climate change as one of the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century, with potential impacts including increased heat-related mortality, more frequent and severe natural disasters, changes in the distribution of infectious diseases, and decreased food security.

Climate change can also exacerbate existing health disparities, as vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, low-income communities, and those with chronic medical conditions are often disproportionately affected by its impacts. As a result, addressing climate change is an important public health priority, and medical professionals have a critical role to play in advocating for policies and practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote adaptation to the changing climate.

The greenhouse effect is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of environmental science and meteorology. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you:

The greenhouse effect refers to the warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the trapping of heat by certain gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases. These gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.

When sunlight reaches Earth's surface, it is absorbed and then re-emitted as heat energy, which would normally escape back into space. However, some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, causing the planet to warm up. This process is essential for life on Earth, as it helps to maintain a stable temperature that supports plant and animal growth.

However, human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture have led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which has caused the natural greenhouse effect to become amplified. This has resulted in global warming and climate change, with potentially serious consequences for both human health and the environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "tropical climate" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the climate of tropical regions, which are located around the equator. These regions are characterized by high temperatures and consistent rainfall throughout the year.

However, it's worth noting that certain environmental factors, such as climate, can have an impact on human health. For instance, tropical climates can contribute to the spread of certain diseases, like malaria and dengue fever, due to the presence of mosquitoes that thrive in warm, wet environments. But a "tropical climate" itself is not a medical condition or diagnosis.

A "cold climate" is not a medical term, but rather a geographical and environmental term. However, it is often used in the context of discussing health and medical issues, as cold climates can have various effects on human health.

In general, a cold climate is defined as a region where the average temperature remains below 15°C (59°F) throughout the year or where winter temperatures are consistently below freezing. These climates can be found in high latitudes, such as in the Arctic and Antarctic regions, as well as in mountainous areas at higher altitudes.

Exposure to cold temperatures can have both positive and negative effects on human health. On the one hand, cold weather can help to reduce inflammation and may have some benefits for people with certain medical conditions, such as multiple sclerosis. However, exposure to extreme cold can also increase the risk of hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related injuries.

Additionally, cold climates can exacerbate respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, and may increase the risk of developing respiratory infections like the common cold or flu. People with heart conditions may also be at greater risk in cold weather, as their blood vessels constrict to conserve heat, which can increase blood pressure and put additional strain on the heart.

Overall, while cold climates are not inherently "medical" in nature, they can have significant impacts on human health and well-being, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and people with chronic medical conditions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Global Warming" is not a medical term. It is a term used in the field of climate science and environmental studies. Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average temperature. As a result of human activities, especially the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide and methane, the planet is experiencing an overall rise in temperatures, leading to various consequences such as melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and changing weather patterns. While not a medical term, it is still a critical issue that can have significant impacts on human health, including increased heat-related illnesses and deaths, changes in disease patterns, and threats to food security.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "rain" is not a medical term. In general, rain refers to water droplets that fall from the sky as part of the Earth's weather cycle. These drops form when moisture in the air condenses and cools, creating clouds which eventually become heavy enough to release the collected water.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

In medical terms, the term "atmosphere" is not typically used as a standalone definition or diagnosis. However, in some contexts, it may refer to the physical environment or surroundings in which medical care is provided. For example, some hospitals and healthcare facilities may have different atmospheres depending on their specialties, design, or overall ambiance.

Additionally, "atmosphere" may also be used more broadly to describe the social or emotional climate of a particular healthcare setting. For instance, a healthcare provider might describe a patient's home atmosphere as warm and welcoming, or a hospital ward's atmosphere as tense or chaotic.

It is important to note that "atmosphere" is not a medical term with a specific definition, so its meaning may vary depending on the context in which it is used.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "trees" is not a medical term. It is a common term used in various fields, including biology, ecology, and dendrology, to refer to a woody perennial plant with a single stem or trunk that supports branches and leaves in most species.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, please provide more context so I can offer an accurate and helpful response.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "weather" is not a medical term. Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, including factors such as temperature, humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, and wind. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to try to help answer those for you!

The conservation of natural resources refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources, such as water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, in a way that preserves their availability for future generations. This may involve measures such as reducing waste and pollution, promoting sustainable practices, protecting habitats and ecosystems, and engaging in careful planning and decision-making to ensure the long-term sustainability of these resources. The goal of conservation is to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future, so that current and future generations can continue to benefit from the many goods and services that natural resources provide.

Temperature, in a medical context, is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. It is usually measured using a thermometer and reported in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or kelvin (K). In the human body, normal core temperature ranges from about 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) when measured rectally, and can vary slightly depending on factors such as time of day, physical activity, and menstrual cycle. Elevated body temperature is a common sign of infection or inflammation, while abnormally low body temperature can indicate hypothermia or other medical conditions.

Population dynamics, in the context of public health and epidemiology, refers to the study of the changes in size and structure of a population over time, as well as the factors that contribute to those changes. This can include birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, aging, and other demographic characteristics. Understanding population dynamics is crucial for planning and implementing public health interventions, such as vaccination programs or disease prevention strategies, as they allow researchers and policymakers to identify vulnerable populations, predict future health trends, and evaluate the impact of public health initiatives.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oceans and Seas" are not medical terms. Generally speaking, an ocean is a large body of saltwater that covers a majority of the Earth's surface, and a sea is a smaller body of saltwater that may be partially enclosed by land. However, if you have any questions related to marine biology or environmental science, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

A desert climate, also known as a hot desert climate or a BWh climate in the Köppen climate classification system, is characterized by extremely low rainfall, typically less than 10 inches (250 mm) per year. This type of climate is found in the world's desert areas, such as the Sahara Desert in Africa, the Mojave Desert in North America, and the Simpson Desert in Australia.

In a desert climate, temperatures can vary greatly between day and night, as well as between summer and winter. During the day, temperatures can reach extremely high levels, often above 100°F (38°C), while at night, they can drop significantly, sometimes below freezing in the winter months.

Desert climates are caused by a combination of factors, including geographical location, topography, and large-scale weather patterns. They typically occur in regions that are located far from sources of moisture, such as bodies of water, and are situated in the interior of continents or on the leeward side of mountain ranges.

Living things in desert climates have adapted to the harsh conditions through various means, such as storing water, reducing evaporation, and limiting activity during the hottest parts of the day. Despite the challenging conditions, deserts support a diverse array of plant and animal life that has evolved to thrive in this unique environment.

The Arctic region is not a medical term per se, but it is a geographical and environmental term that can have health-related implications. The Arctic is defined as the region surrounding the North Pole, encompassing the Arctic Ocean and parts of Canada, Greenland (Denmark), Russia, the United States (Alaska), Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland. It is characterized by its cold climate, permafrost, and unique ecosystems.

Exposure to the harsh Arctic environment can pose significant health risks, such as hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related injuries. Additionally, the Arctic region has been impacted by climate change, leading to changes in the distribution of wildlife, which can have implications for food security and infectious disease transmission.

Therefore, while not a medical term itself, understanding the Arctic regions and their unique environmental and health challenges is important in fields such as wilderness medicine, environmental health, and public health.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "Ice Cover." The term "ice" is used in a medical context to refer to a solid piece of frozen urine that can form in the urinary tract, but "cover" does not have a specific medical meaning in this context. If you are looking for information about frostbite or cold-related injuries, I would be happy to help with that. Frostbite is a medical condition caused by exposure to extreme cold, often resulting in damage or destruction of the skin and underlying tissues.

The term "Theoretical Models" is used in various scientific fields, including medicine, to describe a representation of a complex system or phenomenon. It is a simplified framework that explains how different components of the system interact with each other and how they contribute to the overall behavior of the system. Theoretical models are often used in medical research to understand and predict the outcomes of diseases, treatments, or public health interventions.

A theoretical model can take many forms, such as mathematical equations, computer simulations, or conceptual diagrams. It is based on a set of assumptions and hypotheses about the underlying mechanisms that drive the system. By manipulating these variables and observing the effects on the model's output, researchers can test their assumptions and generate new insights into the system's behavior.

Theoretical models are useful for medical research because they allow scientists to explore complex systems in a controlled and systematic way. They can help identify key drivers of disease or treatment outcomes, inform the design of clinical trials, and guide the development of new interventions. However, it is important to recognize that theoretical models are simplifications of reality and may not capture all the nuances and complexities of real-world systems. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with other forms of evidence, such as experimental data and observational studies, to inform medical decision-making.

Biodiversity is the variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in an ecosystem. It also includes the variety of genes within a species and the variety of ecosystems (such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and oceans) that exist in a region or on Earth as a whole. Biodiversity is important for maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, providing resources and services such as food, clean water, and pollination, and contributing to the discovery of new medicines and other useful products. The loss of biodiversity can have negative impacts on the functioning of ecosystems and the services they provide, and can threaten the survival of species and the livelihoods of people who depend on them.

"Extinction, Biological" refers to the state or process of a species or taxonomic group becoming extinct, meaning that there are no surviving members remaining alive anywhere in the world. This can occur due to various factors such as environmental changes, competition with other species, overexploitation by humans, or a combination of these and other elements. It is an important concept in the field of biology and conservation, as the extinction of a species can have significant impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity.

Climatic processes refer to the natural phenomena and mechanisms that influence and shape the Earth's climate system. These processes include atmospheric circulation, ocean currents, solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, and human activities. They operate over various spatial and temporal scales and interact with each other in complex ways to determine the distribution and variability of weather patterns, temperature, precipitation, humidity, and other climate variables.

Climatic processes can be divided into two categories: internal and external. Internal climatic processes are driven by natural factors within the climate system itself, such as the movement of air masses, ocean currents, and atmospheric feedback mechanisms. External climatic processes are influenced by factors outside the climate system, such as changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions, and human activities that emit greenhouse gases.

Understanding climatic processes is essential for predicting future climate change and developing strategies to mitigate its impacts on ecosystems, human health, and socioeconomic systems. Climate models use mathematical representations of these processes to simulate the behavior of the climate system and project future changes under different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and other external factors.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Snow" is not a medical term. It is a natural phenomenon and a common type of precipitation that occurs when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice crystals. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.

Humidity, in a medical context, is not typically defined on its own but is related to environmental conditions that can affect health. Humidity refers to the amount of water vapor present in the air. It is often discussed in terms of absolute humidity (the mass of water per unit volume of air) or relative humidity (the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the maximum possible absolute humidity, expressed as a percentage). High humidity can contribute to feelings of discomfort, difficulty sleeping, and exacerbation of respiratory conditions such as asthma.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Meteorology" is not a medical term. It is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Meteorological phenomena are of interest to the field of aviation medicine, but meteorology itself is not a medical discipline.

"Forecasting" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a general term used in various fields, including finance, economics, and meteorology, to describe the process of making predictions or estimates about future events or trends based on historical data, trends, and other relevant factors. In healthcare and public health, forecasting may be used to predict the spread of diseases, identify potential shortages of resources such as hospital beds or medical equipment, or plan for future health care needs. However, there is no medical definition for "forecasting" itself.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Organizational Culture" is a term commonly used in the field of organizational studies and management, rather than in medical terminology. It refers to the shared values, beliefs, practices, customs, and traditions that shape the behavior and attitudes of members within an organization.

However, I can provide you with a definition related to healthcare:

"Organizational Culture in Healthcare" often refers to the unique social and psychological environment or climate within a healthcare organization, which influences the way its employees and managers think, feel, and behave. This culture is frequently reflected in the organization's policies, practices, and decision-making processes, as well as in its approach to patient care, safety, quality, and staff development. A positive organizational culture in healthcare can contribute to improved patient outcomes, increased job satisfaction, and reduced staff turnover.

Acclimatization is the process by which an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment, enabling it to maintain its normal physiological functions and thus survive and reproduce. In the context of medicine, acclimatization often refers to the body's adaptation to changes in temperature, altitude, or other environmental factors that can affect health.

For example, when a person moves from a low-altitude area to a high-altitude area, their body may undergo several physiological changes to adapt to the reduced availability of oxygen at higher altitudes. These changes may include increased breathing rate and depth, increased heart rate, and altered blood chemistry, among others. This process of acclimatization can take several days or even weeks, depending on the individual and the degree of environmental change.

Similarly, when a person moves from a cold climate to a hot climate, their body may adjust by increasing its sweat production and reducing its heat production, in order to maintain a stable body temperature. This process of acclimatization can help prevent heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Overall, acclimatization is an important physiological process that allows organisms to adapt to changing environments and maintain their health and well-being.

The term "environment" in a medical context generally refers to the external conditions and surroundings that can have an impact on living organisms, including humans. This includes both physical factors such as air quality, water supply, soil composition, temperature, and radiation, as well as biological factors such as the presence of microorganisms, plants, and animals.

In public health and epidemiology, the term "environmental exposure" is often used to describe the contact between an individual and a potentially harmful environmental agent, such as air pollution or contaminated water. These exposures can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to a range of diseases and disorders, including respiratory illnesses, cancer, neurological disorders, and reproductive problems.

Efforts to protect and improve the environment are therefore critical for promoting human health and preventing disease. This includes measures to reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, promote sustainable development, and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

The principle of "Conservation of Energy Resources" is not a medical term or concept, but rather it is a fundamental principle in the field of physics and environmental science. It refers to the need to manage and use energy resources in a sustainable way, by avoiding waste and finding ways to reuse or recycle them. This principle has important implications for public health, as the depletion of non-renewable energy sources and the negative impacts of energy production on the environment can have significant effects on human health. For example, air pollution from fossil fuel combustion can contribute to respiratory diseases and other health problems, while climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions can exacerbate a range of health risks. Therefore, conserving energy resources is an important aspect of promoting public health and preventing disease.

Animal migration is a seasonal movement of animals from one place to another, typically over long distances, to find food, reproduce, or escape harsh conditions. This phenomenon is observed in various species, including birds, mammals, fish, and insects. The routes and destinations of these migrations are often genetically programmed and can be quite complex. Animal migration has important ecological consequences and is influenced by factors such as climate change, habitat loss, and human activities.

Agricultural crops refer to plants that are grown and harvested for the purpose of human or animal consumption, fiber production, or other uses such as biofuels. These crops can include grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and legumes, among others. They are typically cultivated using various farming practices, including traditional row cropping, companion planting, permaculture, and organic farming methods. The choice of crop and farming method depends on factors such as the local climate, soil conditions, and market demand. Proper management of agricultural crops is essential for ensuring food security, promoting sustainable agriculture, and protecting the environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mediterranean Region" is not a term with a specific medical definition. The Mediterranean Region typically refers to the geographical area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, including countries in Southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. However, in a medical context, it might refer to the study of diseases or health characteristics typical of certain populations in this region. For example, the "Mediterranean diet" is a popular term in nutrition and medicine, referring to the traditional eating habits in Mediterranean countries, which are associated with numerous health benefits. If you're looking for medical information related to a specific aspect of the Mediterranean Region or its population, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate phenomenon that occurs in the Pacific Ocean. It is a periodic fluctuation in sea surface temperature and air pressure of the overlying atmosphere across the equatorial Pacific Ocean. ENSO has two main phases: El Niño and La Niña.

El Niño phase: During an El Niño event, the surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become warmer than average, and the atmospheric pressure in the western Pacific decreases relative to the eastern Pacific. This leads to a weakening or even reversal of the Walker circulation, which typically brings cooler water from the deep ocean to the surface in the eastern Pacific. El Niño can cause significant changes in weather patterns around the world, often leading to droughts in some regions and heavy rainfall and flooding in others.

La Niña phase: During a La Niña event, the surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become cooler than average, and the atmospheric pressure in the western Pacific increases relative to the eastern Pacific. This strengthens the Walker circulation, leading to increased upwelling of cold water in the eastern Pacific. La Niña can also cause significant changes in weather patterns around the world, often resulting in opposite effects compared to El Niño, such as increased rainfall and flooding in some regions and droughts in others.

The ENSO cycle typically lasts between 2-7 years, with an average of about 4-5 years. The fluctuations in ocean temperatures and atmospheric pressure can have substantial impacts on global climate, affecting temperature, precipitation, and storm patterns worldwide.

I'm not aware of a medical definition for the term "water movements." It is possible that it could be used in a specific context within a certain medical specialty or procedure. However, I can provide some general information about how the term "water" is used in a medical context.

In medicine, "water" often refers to the fluid component of the body, which includes all the fluids inside and outside of cells. The movement of water within the body is regulated by various physiological processes, such as osmosis and hydrostatic pressure. Disorders that affect the regulation of water balance can lead to dehydration or overhydration, which can have serious consequences for health.

If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "water movements," I may be able to give a more specific answer.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Fires" is not a medical term that I am aware of. In a general context, a fire refers to the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. If you are asking about a specific medical term or condition, could you please provide more context or clarify your question? I'm here to help!

I believe there might be a slight confusion in your question. The "water cycle" is a scientific concept and a natural process that describes the movement and distribution of water on Earth, including in the atmosphere, on land, and in oceans. It is not a medical definition. However, I will provide a brief explanation of the water cycle for you.

The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, consists of several key processes:

1. Evaporation: The transformation of liquid water into water vapor due to solar radiation, primarily from oceans, lakes, and rivers.
2. Transpiration: The release of water vapor into the atmosphere through plant leaves during photosynthesis.
3. Condensation: The process by which water vapor turns back into liquid form as it cools in the atmosphere, forming clouds.
4. Precipitation: The discharge of water from clouds to the Earth's surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
5. Runoff and Infiltration: Water that reaches the land through precipitation either infiltrates into the ground or becomes runoff, which flows into rivers, lakes, and oceans.
6. Sublimation: The direct transformation of ice or snow into water vapor without passing through the liquid phase.

These processes work together to circulate and redistribute water throughout Earth's ecosystems, playing a crucial role in supporting life on our planet.

I'm not a medical professional, but the term "History, Ancient" is not a medical term per se. However, in a broader context, it could refer to the study of ancient medical practices, theories, and beliefs that existed in civilizations prior to the Middle Ages or Classical Antiquity. This might include the examination of ancient texts, artifacts, and archaeological evidence to understand how illnesses were treated and viewed in these historical periods. It forms an essential part of the evolution of medical knowledge and practices over time.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Floods" is not a medical term, but rather a natural disaster or hydrological phenomenon that occurs when a body of water overflows its banks or normal confines, causing damage to surrounding areas. If you are looking for a medical definition, perhaps you meant to ask about a different term? I would be happy to help if you could clarify your question further.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Human Activities" is a very broad term and not something that typically has a specific medical definition. Human activities can encompass everything from physical movement like exercise or daily chores, to mental activities like work or hobbies, to social interactions, and more.

However, in a medical context, human activities might be discussed in terms of their impact on health. For example, certain activities could be considered "healthy" if they contribute to physical fitness, stress reduction, or overall well-being. Conversely, other activities might be seen as "risky" or "unhealthy" if they increase the likelihood of injury or disease.

If you're looking for information on a more specific concept related to human activities and health, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate response.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geology" is not a medical term. It is a scientific discipline that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geological phenomena" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Geological phenomena refer to natural processes and features related to the earth's physical structure, composition, and the various changes it undergoes over time. This could include things like volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, rock formations, or the formation of fossil fuels. If you have a term that you would like me to provide a medical definition for, I'd be happy to help!

Environmental policy refers to the regulations, guidelines, and practices established by federal, state, or local governments to protect natural resources, human health, and the environment from potential harm caused by human activities. These policies aim to balance economic development with environmental sustainability through various measures such as:

1. Setting standards for air and water quality, waste management, and hazardous substance handling.
2. Encouraging sustainable practices in industries, agriculture, transportation, and energy production.
3. Promoting conservation efforts, habitat restoration, and biodiversity preservation.
4. Implementing monitoring programs to assess environmental impacts and enforce regulations.
5. Providing education and awareness campaigns to engage the public in environmentally responsible behaviors.

Environmental policies can be mandatory or voluntary and may involve various stakeholders, including government agencies, businesses, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and communities. The primary goal of environmental policy is to minimize negative human impacts on ecosystems while promoting a healthy and sustainable environment for present and future generations.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population density" is actually a term used in population geography and epidemiology, rather than medical terminology. It refers to the number of people living in a specific area or region, usually measured as the number of people per square mile or square kilometer.

However, understanding population density can be important in public health and medicine because it can influence various factors related to health outcomes and healthcare delivery, such as:

1. Disease transmission rates: Higher population densities can facilitate the spread of infectious diseases, particularly those that are transmitted through close contact between individuals.
2. Access to healthcare services: Areas with lower population density might have fewer healthcare resources and providers available, making it more challenging for residents to access necessary medical care.
3. Health disparities: Population density can contribute to health inequities, as urban areas often have better access to healthcare, education, and economic opportunities than rural areas, leading to differences in health outcomes between these populations.
4. Environmental factors: Higher population densities might lead to increased pollution, noise, and other environmental hazards that can negatively impact health.

Therefore, while "population density" is not a medical definition per se, it remains an essential concept for understanding various public health and healthcare issues.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soil" is not a term that has a medical definition. Soil is defined as the top layer of earth in which plants grow, a mixture of organic material, clay, sand, and silt. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "population growth" is actually a demographic term rather than a medical one. It refers to the increase in the size of a population over time, typically due to births and immigrants exceeding deaths and emigrants. It is commonly used in discussions of societal development, resource management, and environmental impact, among other fields.

If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those as well!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "hydrology" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental impacts of water usage.

However, if you meant to ask about "hemodynamics" or "hydrostatic equilibrium," these are medical terms related to fluid dynamics within the body:

1. Hemodynamics: This term refers to the study of blood flow or the circulation of blood in the body, including the forces involved (such as pressure and resistance) and the properties of the blood vessels. It is a crucial aspect of understanding cardiovascular function and disease.
2. Hydrostatic equilibrium: In medical terms, this concept relates to the balance between the forces exerted by fluids within the body, particularly in reference to the distribution of body fluids and the maintenance of fluid compartments (intracellular and extracellular). It is essential for maintaining proper physiological functioning.

Please let me know if you had a different term or concept in mind, and I would be happy to help further!

Biomass is defined in the medical field as a renewable energy source derived from organic materials, primarily plant matter, that can be burned or converted into fuel. This includes materials such as wood, agricultural waste, and even methane gas produced by landfills. Biomass is often used as a source of heat, electricity, or transportation fuels, and its use can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.

In the context of human health, biomass burning can have both positive and negative impacts. On one hand, biomass can provide a source of heat and energy for cooking and heating, which can improve living standards and reduce exposure to harmful pollutants from traditional cooking methods such as open fires. On the other hand, biomass burning can also produce air pollution, including particulate matter and toxic chemicals, that can have negative effects on respiratory health and contribute to climate change.

Therefore, while biomass has the potential to be a sustainable and low-carbon source of energy, it is important to consider the potential health and environmental impacts of its use and implement appropriate measures to minimize any negative effects.

In the context of medical and ecological health, an "introduced species" refers to a plant or animal population that has been intentionally or unintentionally introduced by human actions into a new environment, outside of their natural historical range, where they do not have any known native predecessors. These introductions can occur through various means such as accidental transportation in cargo, deliberate releases for purposes like biological control or pets, and escapes from cultivation.

Introduced species can become invasive if they adapt well to their new environment, reproduce rapidly, outcompete native species for resources, and disrupt local ecosystems. This can lead to significant ecological changes, loss of biodiversity, impacts on human health, and economic consequences. Some introduced species carry diseases or parasites that can affect humans, livestock, and wildlife in the new environment, posing potential public health concerns.

'Plant development' is not a term typically used in medical definitions, as it is more commonly used in the field of botany to describe the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs over time. However, in a broader context, plant development can be defined as the series of changes and processes that occur from the fertilization of a plant seed to the formation of a mature plant, including germination, emergence, organ formation, growth, and reproduction.

In medicine, terms related to plant development may include "phytotherapy" or "herbal medicine," which refer to the use of plants or plant extracts as medicinal treatments for various health conditions. The study of how these plants develop and produce their active compounds is an important area of research in pharmacology and natural products chemistry.

The Antarctic regions typically refer to the geographical areas surrounding the continent of Antarctica, including the Southern Ocean and various subantarctic islands. These regions are known for their extreme cold, ice-covered landscapes, and unique wildlife adapted to survive in harsh conditions. The Antarctic region is also home to important scientific research stations focused on topics such as climate change, marine life, and space exploration. It's worth noting that the Antarctic Treaty System governs these regions, which prohibits military activity, mineral mining, nuclear testing, and nuclear waste disposal, and promotes scientific research and cooperation among nations.

Environmental health is a branch of public health that focuses on the study of how environmental factors, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, impact human health and disease. It involves the assessment, control, and prevention of environmental hazards in order to protect and promote human health and well-being.

Environmental health encompasses a wide range of issues, such as air and water quality, food safety, waste management, housing conditions, occupational health and safety, radiation protection, and climate change. It also involves the promotion of healthy behaviors and the development of policies and regulations to protect public health from environmental hazards.

The goal of environmental health is to create safe and healthy environments that support human health and well-being, prevent disease and injury, and promote sustainable communities. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders, including policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers, community organizations, and the public.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Atlantic Ocean" is a geographical term referring to one of the five oceans on Earth. It doesn't have a medical definition. The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean, covering approximately 20% of the Earth's surface. It stretches from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, alternatively, to the Antarctica region) in the south, and is bounded by the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.

"Eastern Africa" is a geographical term used to describe the eastern portion of the African continent. The United Nations defines Eastern Africa as consisting of the following countries: Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

In a medical context, "Eastern Africa" may be used to describe the epidemiology, distribution, or prevalence of various diseases or health conditions in this region. However, it is important to note that there can be significant variation in health outcomes and healthcare systems within Eastern Africa due to factors such as socioeconomic status, infrastructure, and cultural practices. Therefore, any medical definition of "Eastern Africa" should be used with caution and may require further qualification or specification depending on the context.

In medical terms, "fossils" do not have a specific or direct relevance to the field. However, in a broader scientific context, fossils are the remains or impressions of prehistoric organisms preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. They offer valuable evidence about the Earth's history and the life forms that existed on it millions of years ago.

Paleopathology is a subfield of paleontology that deals with the study of diseases in fossils, which can provide insights into the evolution of diseases and human health over time.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "birds." Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, and lightweight but strong skeletons. Some birds, such as pigeons and chickens, have been used in medical research, but the term "birds" itself does not have a specific medical definition.

The Baltic States, also known as the Baltic countries, refer to a geopolitical region in Northern Europe that comprises three sovereign states: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. These nations are located along the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, hence their name. The term "Baltic States" became widely used during the 20th century to refer to these countries, which share historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.

It is important to note that the Baltic States should not be confused with the geographical region known as the Baltic region or Balticum, which includes parts of Russia, Poland, Belarus, Finland, Sweden, and Denmark, in addition to the three Baltic States.

The medical relevance of the Baltic States may include:

1. Sharing similar public health issues and challenges due to geographical proximity and historical context.
2. Collaboration in medical research, education, and healthcare policies.
3. Participation in international health organizations and agreements.
4. Exposure to common environmental factors that might impact public health, such as pollution in the Baltic Sea.

Altitude is the height above a given level, especially mean sea level. In medical terms, altitude often refers to high altitude, which is generally considered to be 1500 meters (about 5000 feet) or more above sea level. At high altitudes, the air pressure is lower and there is less oxygen available, which can lead to altitude sickness in some people. Symptoms of altitude sickness can include headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and fatigue. It's important for people who are traveling to high altitudes to allow themselves time to adjust to the lower oxygen levels and to watch for signs of altitude sickness.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Meteorological Concepts" is quite broad and can refer to various ideas and phenomena related to the study of meteorology, which is the scientific discipline that deals with the atmosphere and its processes. Here are a few examples of meteorological concepts:

1. Air pressure: The force exerted by the weight of the air above a given point. It's usually measured in hectopascals (hPa), inches of mercury (inHg), or millibars (mbar).
2. Temperature: A measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or environment, often reported in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
3. Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air. Relative humidity is the ratio of the current water vapor content to the maximum possible content at a given temperature.
4. Precipitation: Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere and reaches the ground, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
5. Wind: The horizontal movement of air relative to the surface of the Earth. It's usually described in terms of its speed (measured in knots, miles per hour, or meters per second) and direction (often given as a compass bearing).
6. Clouds: Visible masses of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. They form due to the condensation of atmospheric water vapor and are classified based on their appearance, altitude, and other characteristics.
7. Fronts: Boundaries between different air masses that have distinct temperature and humidity properties. These boundaries can lead to various weather phenomena, such as precipitation and severe thunderstorms.
8. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere, often resulting from human activities like industrial processes or transportation.
9. Weather forecasting: The use of scientific principles, observations, and computer models to predict future weather conditions.
10. Climate: The long-term average of weather patterns and conditions in a specific region, typically over a period of 30 years or more.

These are just a few examples of meteorological concepts. There are many more aspects of atmospheric science that could be explored, such as the study of tornadoes, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events.

"Drought" is not a medical term. It is a term used in meteorology and environmental science to refer to a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to water shortage and scarcity in the affected areas. Droughts can have various impacts on human health, including dehydration, heat-related illnesses, reduced air quality, increased transmission of waterborne diseases, and mental health issues related to stress and displacement. However, drought itself is not a medical condition.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "North America" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the third largest continent in the world, which includes countries such as the United States, Canada, and Mexico, among others. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health topics, I'd be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Supply" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a more general term related to the availability and distribution of food. However, in a broader public health context, "food supply" can refer to the overall system and infrastructure that provides food to a population, including agricultural practices, food processing, distribution, and accessibility. Ensuring a safe and adequate food supply is an important aspect of public health and preventive medicine.

I'm not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term "animal distribution" is not typically used in medical definitions. It is more commonly used in ecology and wildlife biology to refer to the pattern or manner in which animals are spatially arranged or distributed in their environment. If you have any concerns related to health or medicine, it would be best to consult a healthcare professional for accurate information.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is a normal byproduct of cellular respiration in humans, animals, and plants, and is also produced through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.

In medical terms, carbon dioxide is often used as a respiratory stimulant and to maintain the pH balance of blood. It is also used during certain medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, to insufflate (inflate) the abdominal cavity and create a working space for the surgeon.

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the body can lead to respiratory acidosis, a condition characterized by an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and a decrease in pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other lung diseases that impair breathing and gas exchange. Symptoms of respiratory acidosis may include shortness of breath, confusion, headache, and in severe cases, coma or death.

Biological models, also known as physiological models or organismal models, are simplified representations of biological systems, processes, or mechanisms that are used to understand and explain the underlying principles and relationships. These models can be theoretical (conceptual or mathematical) or physical (such as anatomical models, cell cultures, or animal models). They are widely used in biomedical research to study various phenomena, including disease pathophysiology, drug action, and therapeutic interventions.

Examples of biological models include:

1. Mathematical models: These use mathematical equations and formulas to describe complex biological systems or processes, such as population dynamics, metabolic pathways, or gene regulation networks. They can help predict the behavior of these systems under different conditions and test hypotheses about their underlying mechanisms.
2. Cell cultures: These are collections of cells grown in a controlled environment, typically in a laboratory dish or flask. They can be used to study cellular processes, such as signal transduction, gene expression, or metabolism, and to test the effects of drugs or other treatments on these processes.
3. Animal models: These are living organisms, usually vertebrates like mice, rats, or non-human primates, that are used to study various aspects of human biology and disease. They can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of diseases, the mechanisms of drug action, and the safety and efficacy of new therapies.
4. Anatomical models: These are physical representations of biological structures or systems, such as plastic models of organs or tissues, that can be used for educational purposes or to plan surgical procedures. They can also serve as a basis for developing more sophisticated models, such as computer simulations or 3D-printed replicas.

Overall, biological models play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and medicine, helping to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention, develop novel drugs and treatments, and improve human health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "reindeer" is not a medical term. It is a large species of deer that is native to the Arctic and Subarctic regions of Europe, Siberia, and Greenland. They are known for their impressive antlers and their ability to survive in harsh, cold climates. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try to help!

An endangered species is a species of animal, plant, or other organism that is at risk of becoming extinct because its population is declining or threatened by changing environmental or demographic factors. This term is defined and used in the context of conservation biology and wildlife management to identify species that need protection and preservation efforts.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) maintains a "Red List" of species, categorizing them based on their extinction risk. The categories include "Critically Endangered," "Endangered," "Vulnerable," and "Near Threatened." A species is considered endangered if it meets certain criteria indicating that it faces a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

The primary causes for species to become endangered include habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation, pollution, climate change, overexploitation, and introduction of invasive species. Conservation efforts often focus on protecting habitats, managing threats, and implementing recovery programs to help endangered species recover their populations and reduce the risk of extinction.

Anthozoa is a major class of marine animals, which are exclusively aquatic and almost entirely restricted to shallow waters. They are classified within the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, and hydroids. Anthozoans are characterized by their lack of medusa stage in their life cycle, as they exist solely as polyps.

This class is divided into two main subclasses: Hexacorallia (also known as Zoantharia) and Octocorallia (also known as Alcyonaria). The primary differences between these subclasses lie in the structure of their polyps and the composition of their skeletons.

1. Hexacorallia: These are commonly referred to as 'stony' or 'hard' corals, due to their calcium carbonate-based skeletons. They have a simple polyp structure with six-fold symmetry (hence the name Hexacorallia), featuring 6 tentacles around the mouth opening. Examples of Hexacorallia include reef-building corals, sea fans, and black corals.
2. Octocorallia: These are also called 'soft' corals or 'leather' corals because they lack a calcium carbonate skeleton. Instead, their supporting structures consist of proteins and other organic compounds. Octocorallia polyps exhibit eight-fold symmetry (hence the name Octocorallia), with eight tentacles around the mouth opening. Examples of Octocorallia include sea fans, sea whips, and blue corals.

Anthozoa species are primarily found in tropical and subtropical oceans, but some can be found in colder, deeper waters as well. They play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by providing habitats and shelter for various other marine organisms, particularly on coral reefs. Additionally, they contribute to the formation of limestone deposits through their calcium carbonate-based skeletons.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "South America" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term that refers to the southern portion of the Americas, which is a continent in the Western Hemisphere. South America is generally defined as including the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela, as well as the overseas departments and territories of French Guiana (France), and the Falkland Islands (UK).

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them for you.

Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms that live in watery environments such as oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers. They are a diverse group of organisms, including bacteria, algae, and protozoa. Phytoplankton are a critical component of the marine food chain, serving as primary producers that convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients into organic matter through photosynthesis. This organic matter forms the base of the food chain and supports the growth and survival of many larger organisms, including zooplankton, fish, and other marine animals. Phytoplankton also play an important role in global carbon cycling and help to regulate Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releasing oxygen.

Environmental monitoring is the systematic and ongoing surveillance, measurement, and assessment of environmental parameters, pollutants, or other stressors in order to evaluate potential impacts on human health, ecological systems, or compliance with regulatory standards. This process typically involves collecting and analyzing data from various sources, such as air, water, soil, and biota, and using this information to inform decisions related to public health, environmental protection, and resource management.

In medical terms, environmental monitoring may refer specifically to the assessment of environmental factors that can impact human health, such as air quality, water contamination, or exposure to hazardous substances. This type of monitoring is often conducted in occupational settings, where workers may be exposed to potential health hazards, as well as in community-based settings, where environmental factors may contribute to public health issues. The goal of environmental monitoring in a medical context is to identify and mitigate potential health risks associated with environmental exposures, and to promote healthy and safe environments for individuals and communities.

Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.

Examples of environmental pollution include:

1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.

Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.

"Abies" is a genus of evergreen trees that are commonly known as firs. They belong to the family Pinaceae and are native to the northern hemisphere, primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. These trees are characterized by their needle-like leaves, which are flat and shiny, and their conical-shaped crowns.

Firs have been used for various purposes throughout history, including timber production, Christmas tree farming, and ornamental landscaping. Some species of firs also have medicinal properties, such as the use of Abies balsamea (balsam fir) in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments and skin conditions. However, it's important to note that the medical use of firs should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as improper use can lead to adverse effects.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Rivers" is not a medical term or concept. It is a geographical term referring to large, flowing bodies of water that usually empty into a sea or an ocean. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I apologize for the confusion, but "Marine Biology" is not a medical term. Instead, it is a branch of biology that deals with the study of marine organisms, their behaviors, and their interactions with the marine environment. Marine biologists investigate various aspects of marine life, such as the ecology, physiology, and genetics of marine plants, animals, and microorganisms. They also study the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems and work towards conservation efforts to protect these environments.

I apologize for any confusion, but "plants" is not a term that has a medical definition. The term "plants" refers to a large and diverse group of organisms that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, which is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy. Plants are typically characterized by having cells with cell walls containing cellulose, chloroplasts containing the pigment chlorophyll, and the ability to synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.

In a medical or biological context, you might be thinking of "plant-based" or "phytomedicine," which refer to the use of plants or plant extracts as a form of medicine or treatment. Phytomedicines have been used for thousands of years in many traditional systems of medicine, and some plant-derived compounds have been found to have therapeutic benefits in modern medicine as well. However, "plants" itself does not have a medical definition.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Forestry" is not a medical term. Forestry is the science and practice of managing forests, plantations, and associated resources for timber, wildlife, recreation, conservation, and other benefits. It involves the application of ecological principles, silvicultural techniques, and management strategies to ensure the sustainability and health of forest ecosystems.

A disease vector is a living organism that transmits infectious pathogens from one host to another. These vectors can include mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and other arthropods that carry viruses, bacteria, parasites, or other disease-causing agents. The vector becomes infected with the pathogen after biting an infected host, and then transmits the infection to another host through its saliva or feces during a subsequent blood meal.

Disease vectors are of particular concern in public health because they can spread diseases rapidly and efficiently, often over large geographic areas. Controlling vector-borne diseases requires a multifaceted approach that includes reducing vector populations, preventing bites, and developing vaccines or treatments for the associated diseases.

Seawater is not a medical term, but it is a type of water that covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Medically, seawater can be relevant in certain contexts, such as in discussions of marine biology, environmental health, or water safety. Seawater has a high salt content, with an average salinity of around 3.5%, which is much higher than that of freshwater. This makes it unsuitable for drinking or irrigation without desalination.

Exposure to seawater can also have medical implications, such as in cases of immersion injuries, marine envenomations, or waterborne illnesses. However, there is no single medical definition of seawater.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Pacific Ocean" is a geographical term referring to the largest single body of saltwater on Earth, extending from the Arctic in the north to the Antarctic in the south. It covers an area of about 63,800,000 square miles (165,200,000 square kilometers).

If you're looking for a medical term or definition, I'd be happy to help with that as well. Could you please provide more context?

Biological evolution is the change in the genetic composition of populations of organisms over time, from one generation to the next. It is a process that results in descendants differing genetically from their ancestors. Biological evolution can be driven by several mechanisms, including natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. These processes can lead to changes in the frequency of alleles (variants of a gene) within populations, resulting in the development of new species and the extinction of others over long periods of time. Biological evolution provides a unifying explanation for the diversity of life on Earth and is supported by extensive evidence from many different fields of science, including genetics, paleontology, comparative anatomy, and biogeography.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "nitrogen cycle" is not a medical term. It is a biological concept that refers to the process through which nitrogen, an essential element for life, is converted between various chemical forms as it circulates through the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems, and aquatic environments.

The nitrogen cycle includes several key processes:

1. Nitrogen fixation: Certain bacteria are capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), a form that can be used by plants and other organisms. This process is called nitrogen fixation.
2. Nitrification: Some types of bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites (NO2-) and then into nitrates (NO3-). This two-step process is known as nitrification.
3. Denitrification: Certain bacteria can convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas, releasing it into the atmosphere. This process is called denitrification.
4. Assimilation: Plants and other organisms take up nitrogen in the form of ammonia or nitrates from the soil or water and incorporate it into their tissues through a process called assimilation.
5. Ammonification: When organisms die and decompose, or when they excrete waste products, nitrogen is released back into the environment in the form of ammonia. This process is known as ammonification.

While not a medical term, understanding the nitrogen cycle is important for many areas of science, including environmental science, agriculture, and ecology.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geographic mapping" is not a medical term or concept. Geographic mapping typically refers to the process of creating maps that represent geographical features, locations, and spatial data. In a broader context, it can also refer to the visual representation of data related to specific geographical areas, such as disease prevalence or health outcomes across different regions.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, please provide more information so I can offer a relevant response.

In the context of medical definitions, 'carbon' is not typically used as a standalone term. Carbon is an element with the symbol C and atomic number 6, which is naturally abundant in the human body and the environment. It is a crucial component of all living organisms, forming the basis of organic compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with various elements, allowing for the creation of complex molecules that are essential to life. In this sense, carbon is a fundamental building block of life on Earth. However, it does not have a specific medical definition as an isolated term.

"Spheniscidae" is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in zoology. It refers to the family of birds that includes penguins. The misinterpretation might have arisen because sometimes common names of animals are mistakenly used as scientific terms in a medical context. However, it's essential to use the correct and precise scientific terminology for accurate communication, especially in fields like medicine.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Oceanography" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean. It involves understanding and describing the ocean's physical and chemical properties, organisms that live there, and the processes that occur within it and at its boundaries with the seafloor and atmosphere.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health sciences, I'd be happy to help!

I apologize for any confusion, but "Pinus" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for a group of plants commonly known as pine trees, which belong to the family Pinaceae in the kingdom Plantae. These evergreen coniferous resinous trees are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with some species also found in the Southern Hemisphere.

If you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to define or explain, please feel free to ask!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Europe" is a geographical and political designation, rather than a medical one. It refers to the continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Europe is made up of approximately 50 countries, depending on how one defines a "country."

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help answer them!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Greenland" is not a medical term. It is a geographical term referring to the world's largest island, located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, and mostly covered in ice. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geological processes" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Geological processes refer to the natural events that shape the Earth's surface and interior over time, such as volcanic activity, plate tectonics, erosion, and sedimentation. These processes are studied within the field of geology. If you have any questions related to medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

Public health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts of society." It focuses on improving the health and well-being of entire communities, populations, and societies, rather than individual patients. This is achieved through various strategies, including education, prevention, surveillance of diseases, and promotion of healthy behaviors and environments. Public health also addresses broader determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, food, and income, which have a significant impact on the overall health of populations.

Phylogeography is not a medical term, but rather a subfield of biogeography and phylogenetics that investigates the spatial distribution of genealogical lineages and the historical processes that have shaped them. It uses genetic data to infer the geographic origins, dispersal routes, and demographic history of organisms, including pathogens and vectors that can affect human health.

In medical and public health contexts, phylogeography is often used to study the spread of infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, influenza, or tuberculosis, by analyzing the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of pathogen isolates. This information can help researchers understand how diseases emerge, evolve, and move across populations and landscapes, which can inform disease surveillance, control, and prevention strategies.

Oxygen isotopes are different forms or varieties of the element oxygen that have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei, which is 8, but a different number of neutrons. The most common oxygen isotopes are oxygen-16 (^{16}O), which contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons, and oxygen-18 (^{18}O), which contains 8 protons and 10 neutrons.

The ratio of these oxygen isotopes can vary in different substances, such as water molecules, and can provide valuable information about the origins and history of those substances. For example, scientists can use the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in ancient ice cores or fossilized bones to learn about past climate conditions or the diets of ancient organisms.

In medical contexts, oxygen isotopes may be used in diagnostic tests or treatments, such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans, where a radioactive isotope of oxygen (such as oxygen-15) is introduced into the body and emits positrons that can be detected by specialized equipment to create detailed images of internal structures.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "food chain" is not typically used in a medical context. It is a concept from ecology that describes the sequence of organisms through which food and energy pass as one organism eats another.

However, if you're referring to "food web" or "dietary intake," these terms might be more applicable in a medical context. For instance, dietary intake refers to what and how much a person consumes, which can have significant implications for their health. A food web, on the other hand, is a more complex network of relationships between different species that consume and are consumed by others, which can help researchers understand the impacts of changes in one species' population or behavior on others within an ecosystem.

If you meant to ask about something else, please provide more context or clarify your question, and I will do my best to provide a helpful answer!

In the context of medicine, uncertainty refers to a state of having limited knowledge or awareness about a specific medical condition, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, or outcome in a patient. It is a common experience for healthcare professionals when making decisions due to the complexity and variability of human health and disease processes. Uncertainty can arise from various sources, such as:

1. Incomplete or ambiguous information about the patient's medical history, symptoms, examination findings, or diagnostic test results.
2. Limited scientific evidence supporting specific diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.
3. Discrepancies between different sources of information or conflicting expert opinions.
4. Variability in patients' responses to treatments and their individual preferences and values.
5. Rapidly evolving medical knowledge and technology, which can make it challenging for healthcare professionals to stay up-to-date.

Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of medical practice, and managing it effectively is crucial for providing high-quality patient care. Healthcare professionals need to communicate uncertainty openly with their patients, involve them in shared decision-making processes, and seek additional information or consultation when necessary. Embracing uncertainty can also foster curiosity, learning, and innovation in the medical field.

Physiological adaptation refers to the changes or modifications that occur in an organism's biological functions or structures as a result of environmental pressures or changes. These adaptations enable the organism to survive and reproduce more successfully in its environment. They can be short-term, such as the constriction of blood vessels in response to cold temperatures, or long-term, such as the evolution of longer limbs in animals that live in open environments.

In the context of human physiology, examples of physiological adaptation include:

1. Acclimatization: The process by which the body adjusts to changes in environmental conditions, such as altitude or temperature. For example, when a person moves to a high-altitude location, their body may produce more red blood cells to compensate for the lower oxygen levels, leading to improved oxygen delivery to tissues.

2. Exercise adaptation: Regular physical activity can lead to various physiological adaptations, such as increased muscle strength and endurance, enhanced cardiovascular function, and improved insulin sensitivity.

3. Hormonal adaptation: The body can adjust hormone levels in response to changes in the environment or internal conditions. For instance, during prolonged fasting, the body releases stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to help maintain energy levels and prevent muscle wasting.

4. Sensory adaptation: Our senses can adapt to different stimuli over time. For example, when we enter a dark room after being in bright sunlight, it takes some time for our eyes to adjust to the new light level. This process is known as dark adaptation.

5. Aging-related adaptations: As we age, various physiological changes occur that help us adapt to the changing environment and maintain homeostasis. These include changes in body composition, immune function, and cognitive abilities.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Plant Physiological Phenomena" is not a standard medical term. It falls more within the domain of botany, which is a branch of biology focused on the study of plants.

However, I can provide a general explanation: Plant physiological phenomena refer to the functional processes and activities that occur within plants. This includes various aspects such as photosynthesis (the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to fuel their growth), respiration, plant nutrition (the uptake and assimilation of nutrients from the soil), water relations (how plants absorb, transport, and use water), plant hormone functions, and many other processes.

If you have a term that is used in a medical context which you would like defined, I'd be happy to help with that!

I apologize for any confusion, but "wetlands" is a term related to environmental science and ecology rather than medicine. Wetlands are transitional areas between land and water that are characterized by the presence of water, which can be permanent or temporary. They are critical ecosystems that provide various important functions, such as water filtration, flood control, and habitat for diverse plant and animal life, including many species of migratory birds.

If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, please don't hesitate to ask!

A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Disasters can be natural, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and wildfires, or they can be caused by human activities, such as technological accidents, intentional acts of violence, and complex emergencies.

The medical definition of a disaster focuses on the health impacts and consequences of the event, which can include injury, illness, disability, and death, as well as psychological distress and social disruption. The response to a disaster typically involves a coordinated effort by multiple agencies and organizations, including healthcare providers, emergency responders, public health officials, and government authorities, to address the immediate needs of affected individuals and communities and to restore basic services and infrastructure.

Disasters can have long-term effects on the health and well-being of individuals and populations, including increased vulnerability to future disasters, chronic illness and disability, and mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. Preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery efforts are critical components of disaster management, with the goal of reducing the risks and impacts of disasters and improving the resilience of communities and societies to withstand and recover from them.

The carbon cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of carbon atoms between the Earth's land, atmosphere, and oceans. It involves the exchange of carbon between various reservoirs, including the biosphere (living organisms), pedosphere (soil), lithosphere (rocks and minerals), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere.

The carbon cycle is essential for the regulation of Earth's climate and the functioning of ecosystems. Carbon moves between these reservoirs through various processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and weathering. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis and convert it into organic matter, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. When plants and animals die, they decompose, releasing the stored carbon back into the atmosphere or soil.

Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and contributing to global climate change. Therefore, understanding the carbon cycle and its processes is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and promote sustainable development.

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

Agricultural irrigation is the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops. It involves supplying water to plants and soil through various methods, such as sprinklers, drip systems, or flood irrigation. The purpose of agricultural irrigation is to ensure that crops receive a consistent supply of water, which can be particularly important in dry or arid regions where rainfall may not be sufficient to support crop growth.

Irrigation can also help to improve crop yields and quality, as well as to protect against the effects of drought. However, it is important to manage irrigation systems efficiently to conserve water resources and prevent environmental impacts such as soil erosion and waterlogging.

Poaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category, specifically the family name for grasses. In a broader sense, you might be asking for a medical context where knowledge of this plant family could be relevant. For instance, certain members of the Poaceae family can cause allergies or negative reactions in some people.

In a medical definition, Poaceae would be defined as:

The family of monocotyledonous plants that includes grasses, bamboo, and sedges. These plants are characterized by narrow leaves with parallel veins, jointed stems (called "nodes" and "internodes"), and flowers arranged in spikelets. Some members of this family are important food sources for humans and animals, such as rice, wheat, corn, barley, oats, and sorghum. Other members can cause negative reactions, like skin irritation or allergies, due to their silica-based defense structures called phytoliths.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Volcanic Eruptions" are not a medical term or concept. Volcanic eruptions refer to the release of molten rock, ash, and gases from a volcano's opening, or vent, onto the Earth's surface. This is a geological event that occurs due to the movement of tectonic plates and the build-up of pressure within the Earth's crust.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like me to define, please feel free to ask!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Africa" actually refers to a continent, not a medical condition or concept. Africa is the second-largest continent in the world, consisting of 54 countries and a wide range of diverse ethnic groups, cultures, languages, and landscapes. It is home to a vast array of wildlife, including many species that are not found anywhere else in the world. If you have any questions about Africa's geography, history, or culture, I would be happy to try to help answer them!

Safety management is a systematic and organized approach to managing health and safety in the workplace. It involves the development, implementation, and monitoring of policies, procedures, and practices with the aim of preventing accidents, injuries, and occupational illnesses. Safety management includes identifying hazards, assessing risks, setting objectives and targets for improving safety performance, implementing controls, and evaluating the effectiveness of those controls. The goal of safety management is to create a safe and healthy work environment that protects workers, visitors, and others who may be affected by workplace activities. It is an integral part of an organization's overall management system and requires the active involvement and commitment of managers, supervisors, and employees at all levels.

Zooplankton are not a medical term, but they are an important concept in biology and ecology. Zooplankton refer to small, drifting or floating animals that live in watery environments such as oceans, seas, and freshwater bodies. They include various organisms like tiny crustaceans (such as copepods and krill), jellyfish, arrow worms, and larvae of larger aquatic animals. Zooplankton play a crucial role in food chains and nutrient cycling within aquatic ecosystems.

"Ice" is a slang term that is commonly used to refer to crystal methamphetamine, which is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant drug. It gets its name from its crystalline appearance. Medically, methamphetamine is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, but only under strict medical supervision due to its potential for abuse and serious side effects.

Crystal methamphetamine, on the other hand, is an illegal drug that is produced and sold on the black market. It can be smoked, injected, snorted or swallowed, and it produces a euphoric rush followed by a long-lasting high. Long-term use of crystal methamphetamine can lead to serious health consequences, including addiction, psychosis, dental problems (meth mouth), memory loss, aggression, and cardiovascular damage.

In medical terms, "wind" is not a widely used or recognized term. It might be used informally to describe symptoms such as abdominal bloating, rumbling, or the sensation of gas moving within the intestines. However, these sensations are more accurately described as related to bowel function and gas in the digestive tract. If you're experiencing persistent or severe symptoms that you're describing as "wind," it would be best to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation.

Demography is the statistical study of populations, particularly in terms of size, distribution, and characteristics such as age, race, gender, and occupation. In medical contexts, demography is often used to analyze health-related data and trends within specific populations. This can include studying the prevalence of certain diseases or conditions, identifying disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions. Demographic data can also be used to inform policy decisions and allocate resources to address population health needs.

"Public policy" is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of politics, government, and public administration. It refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or organization to guide decisions and achieve specific goals related to public health, safety, or welfare.

However, in the context of healthcare and medicine, "public policy" often refers to laws, regulations, guidelines, and initiatives established by government entities to promote and protect the health and well-being of the population. Public policies in healthcare aim to ensure access to quality care, reduce health disparities, promote public health, regulate healthcare practices and industries, and address broader social determinants of health. Examples include Medicaid and Medicare programs, laws mandating insurance coverage for certain medical procedures or treatments, and regulations governing the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices.

Heat-related illnesses, also known as heat stress disorders, encompass a range of medical conditions that occur when the body is unable to cool down properly in hot environments. These conditions can vary in severity from mild heat rash or cramps to more serious and potentially life-threatening conditions such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Heat rash, also known as prickly heat, is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot, humid weather. It typically occurs on the neck, chest, and thighs and appears as small red bumps or blisters.

Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms that can occur during or after intense physical activity in hot weather. They are often accompanied by heavy sweating and are most common in the legs, arms, and abdomen.

Heat exhaustion is a more severe form of heat-related illness that occurs when the body loses too much water and salt through excessive sweating. Symptoms may include weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fainting. If left untreated, heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke.

Heat stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the body's core temperature rises above 104°F (40°C) due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or strenuous physical activity in hot weather. Symptoms may include confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death if not treated promptly.

Prevention measures for heat-related illnesses include staying hydrated, wearing loose-fitting clothing, taking frequent breaks during physical activity, avoiding prolonged exposure to the sun, and seeking air-conditioned environments when possible.

I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Lakes" is not a medical term that has a specific definition in the context of medicine or healthcare. It is a geographical term used to describe large bodies of water surrounded by land. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

Insect vectors are insects that transmit disease-causing pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites) from one host to another. They do this while feeding on the host's blood or tissues. The insects themselves are not infected by the pathogen but act as mechanical carriers that pass it on during their bite. Examples of diseases spread by insect vectors include malaria (transmitted by mosquitoes), Lyme disease (transmitted by ticks), and plague (transmitted by fleas). Proper prevention measures, such as using insect repellent and reducing standing water where mosquitoes breed, can help reduce the risk of contracting these diseases.

Biological adaptation is the process by which a organism becomes better suited to its environment over generations as a result of natural selection. It involves changes in an organism's structure, metabolism, or behavior that increase its fitness, or reproductive success, in a given environment. These changes are often genetic and passed down from one generation to the next through the process of inheritance.

Examples of biological adaptation include the development of camouflage in animals, the ability of plants to photosynthesize, and the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Biological adaptation is an important concept in the field of evolutionary biology and helps to explain the diversity of life on Earth.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geologic sediments" is not a term used in medical definitions. Geological sediments are deposits of material that accumulate over time, usually in layers, as a result of natural geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. These sediments can eventually become rock formations and provide important clues about the Earth's history, including information about past climates, environments, and life on Earth.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Paleontology is not a medical field, but rather it is a branch of earth sciences and biology that deals with the study of prehistoric life forms through the examination of plant and animal fossils, including those of extinct organisms. It involves various disciplines such as stratigraphy, geochronology, and systematics to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

However, I understand that you are looking for information related to a non-medical topic, so here is some additional context:

Paleontology can be divided into several subdisciplines, including vertebrate paleontology (the study of fossilized animals with backbones), invertebrate paleontology (the study of fossilized animals without backbones), paleobotany (the study of fossil plants), micropaleontology (the study of microscopic fossils), and taphonomy (the study of the processes that occur after an organism's death, leading to its preservation as a fossil).

Paleontologists use various techniques to study fossils, including comparative anatomy, histology (the study of tissue structure), and geochemistry. They also rely on other scientific fields such as genetics, physics, and chemistry to help them interpret the data they collect from fossils.

Through their research, paleontologists can learn about the morphology, behavior, ecology, and evolutionary relationships of extinct organisms, providing valuable insights into the history of life on Earth.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "North Sea" is not a medical term. It refers to the northernmost part of the Atlantic Ocean, located between eastern England, eastern Scotland, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health science, I'd be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Indian Ocean" is not a medical concept or condition. It is a geographical term referring to the third largest of the world's five oceans, situated between southeastern Africa, the Southern Asian landmass, and Australia. It is bounded on the north by the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, on the west by eastern Africa, on the east by the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, and Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica.

If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

I believe there might be a bit of confusion in your question. A "medical definition" refers to the explanation of a medical term or concept. On the other hand, "15th century" is a historical time period and does not have a medical definition per se. However, I can provide you with some context regarding the medical advancements and practices during the 15th century.

The 15th century was marked by significant developments in medicine, particularly in Europe, as it transitioned from medieval to early modern medicine. Some key aspects of 15th-century medicine include:

1. Universities and medical education: Universities became more prominent centers for medical education, with institutions like the University of Bologna, Padua, Montpellier, and Salamanca playing crucial roles in shaping medical thought. Medical faculties taught subjects such as anatomy, physiology, pathology, surgery, and pharmacology based on ancient Greek and Roman texts, mainly Galen and Hippocrates.

2. Anatomical studies: The 15th century saw the beginning of a more accurate understanding of human anatomy. Italian anatomist and physician Mondino de Luzzi (c. 1270–1326) is known for his influential anatomy textbook, "Anathomia," which was widely used during this period. Later in the century, Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564), often regarded as the founder of modern human anatomy, began his groundbreaking work on detailed dissections and accurate representations of the human body.

3. Renaissance of medical illustrations: The 15th century marked a revival in medical illustrations, with artists like Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) creating highly accurate anatomical drawings based on dissections. These detailed images helped physicians better understand the human body and its functions.

4. Development of hospitals: Hospitals during this time became more organized and specialized, focusing on specific medical conditions or patient populations. For example, mental health institutions, known as "madhouses" or "asylums," were established to treat individuals with mental illnesses.

5. Plague and public health: The ongoing threat of the bubonic plague (Black Death) led to increased efforts in public health, including improved sanitation practices and the establishment of quarantine measures for infected individuals.

6. Humoral theory: Although challenged by some during this period, the ancient Greek humoral theory—which posited that the balance of four bodily fluids or "humors" (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) determined a person's health—remained influential in medical practice.

7. Surgery: Barber-surgeons continued to perform various surgical procedures, including bloodletting, tooth extraction, and amputations. However, anesthesia was still not widely used, and pain management relied on opium or alcohol-based preparations.

8. Pharmacology: The use of herbal remedies and other natural substances to treat illnesses remained popular during the 15th century. Physicians like Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654) compiled extensive lists of medicinal plants and their uses, contributing to the development of modern pharmacology.

9. Astrology and medicine: Despite growing skepticism among some scholars, astrological beliefs continued to influence medical practice in the 15th century. Physicians often consulted astrological charts when diagnosing and treating patients.

10. Medical education: Universities across Europe offered formal medical education, with students studying anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. However, many practitioners still learned their trade through apprenticeships or self-study.

"Picea" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for a group of evergreen coniferous trees commonly known as spruces, which are part of the pine family (Pinaceae). These trees are native to the northern hemisphere and are widely distributed in North America, Europe, and Asia.

While spruce trees have some medicinal uses, such as extracts from the needles being used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, "Picea" itself is not a medical term or concept.

"Quercus" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for oak trees in the plant kingdom, specifically within the family Fagaceae. Some people may confuse it with "Quercetin," which is a type of flavonoid antioxidant commonly found in many plants, including oak trees. Quercetin has been studied for its potential health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but it is not specific to oak trees.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Geographic Information Systems" (GIS) is not a medical term. GIS is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. It can be used in various fields, including public health and epidemiology, to map and analyze the spread of diseases, identify environmental risk factors, plan health services delivery, and inform evidence-based decision making.

Air pollution is defined as the contamination of air due to the presence of substances or harmful elements that exceed the acceptable limits. These pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets, gases, or a combination of these. They can be released from various sources, including industrial processes, vehicle emissions, burning of fossil fuels, and natural events like volcanic eruptions.

Exposure to air pollution can have significant impacts on human health, contributing to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and even premature death. It can also harm the environment, damaging crops, forests, and wildlife populations. Stringent regulations and measures are necessary to control and reduce air pollution levels, thereby protecting public health and the environment.

I believe there might be a bit of confusion in your question. A "history" in medical terms usually refers to the detailed account of a patient's symptoms, illnesses, and treatments received, which is used by healthcare professionals to understand their health status and provide appropriate care. It is not typically associated with a specific century like the 17th century.

If you are asking for information about the medical practices or significant developments in the field of medicine during the 17th century, I would be happy to provide some insight into that. The 17th century was a time of great advancement in medical knowledge and practice, with several key figures and events shaping the course of medical history.

Some notable developments in medicine during the 17th century include:

1. William Harvey's discovery of the circulation of blood (1628): English physician William Harvey published his groundbreaking work "De Motu Cordis" (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood), which described the circulatory system and the role of the heart in pumping blood throughout the body. This discovery fundamentally changed our understanding of human anatomy and physiology.
2. The development of the microscope (1600s): The invention of the microscope allowed scientists to observe structures that were previously invisible to the naked eye, such as cells, bacteria, and other microorganisms. This technology opened up new avenues of research in anatomy, physiology, and pathology, paving the way for modern medical science.
3. The establishment of the Royal Society (1660): The Royal Society, a prominent scientific organization in the UK, was founded during this century to promote scientific inquiry and share knowledge among its members. Many notable scientists and physicians, including Robert Hooke and Christopher Wren, were part of the society and contributed significantly to the advancement of medical science.
4. The Smallpox Vaccination (1796): Although this occurred near the end of the 18th century, the groundwork for Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine was laid during the 17th century. Smallpox was a significant public health issue during this time, and Jenner's development of an effective vaccine marked a major milestone in the history of medicine and public health.
5. The work of Sylvius de le Boe (1614-1672): A Dutch physician and scientist, Sylvius de le Boe made significant contributions to our understanding of human anatomy and physiology. He was the first to describe the circulation of blood in the lungs and identified the role of the liver in metabolism.

These are just a few examples of the many advancements that took place during the 17th century, shaping the course of medical history and laying the foundation for modern medicine.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Foraminifera" is not a medical term. It is a term from the field of biology and refers to a type of single-celled organism called protozoa. These organisms have shells with tiny openings or pores called foramen, hence the name Foraminifera. They are commonly found in marine environments and their fossilized remains are used in various scientific fields such as geology and paleontology.

I believe there might be a bit of confusion in your question. A "history" in medical terms usually refers to the detailed account of a patient's symptoms, illnesses, and treatments received, which is used by healthcare professionals to understand their health status and provide appropriate care. It is not typically associated with a specific century like the 18th century.

If you are asking for information about the medical practices or significant developments in the field of medicine during the 18th century, I would be happy to provide some insight into that! The 18th century was a time of great advancement and change in the medical field, with many notable discoveries and innovations. Some examples include:

* The development of smallpox vaccination by Edward Jenner in 1796
* The discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley in 1774
* The invention of the thermometer by Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1714
* The publication of "An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae" by Edward Jenner in 1798, which helped to establish the concept of vaccination
* The founding of the Royal Society of Medicine in London in 1773
* The development of new surgical techniques and instruments, such as the use of tourniquets and catgut sutures.

'Betula' is the genus name for a group of trees commonly known as birches. These trees belong to the family Betulaceae and are native to the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere. There are around 30-60 species in this genus, depending on the classification system used.

Birch trees are known for their distinctive bark, which is often white and peels away in thin layers. They also have simple, ovate leaves that are usually toothed or serrated along the edges. Many birches produce catkins, which are long, slender flowering structures that contain either male or female flowers.

Birch trees have a number of uses, both practical and cultural. The wood is lightweight and easy to work with, making it popular for uses such as furniture-making, paper production, and fuel. Birch bark has also been used historically for a variety of purposes, including canoe construction, writing surfaces, and medicinal remedies.

In addition to their practical uses, birch trees have cultural significance in many regions where they grow. For example, they are often associated with renewal and rebirth due to their ability to regrow from stumps or roots after being cut down. In some cultures, birch trees are also believed to have spiritual or mystical properties.

In a medical context, "hot temperature" is not a standard medical term with a specific definition. However, it is often used in relation to fever, which is a common symptom of illness. A fever is typically defined as a body temperature that is higher than normal, usually above 38°C (100.4°F) for adults and above 37.5-38°C (99.5-101.3°F) for children, depending on the source.

Therefore, when a medical professional talks about "hot temperature," they may be referring to a body temperature that is higher than normal due to fever or other causes. It's important to note that a high environmental temperature can also contribute to an elevated body temperature, so it's essential to consider both the body temperature and the environmental temperature when assessing a patient's condition.

Northern Africa is a geographical region that broadly consists of the countries of the African Transverse, which are Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, and Western Sahara. Sometimes, it may also include Sudan, South Sudan, and Mauritania. This region is characterized by its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlas Mountains, as well as its unique cultural and historical heritage. Northern Africa has a diverse climate, with a hot, dry desert climate in the interior and a milder, wetter climate along the coasts. The major languages spoken in this region include Arabic, Berber, and French.

Ozone (O3) is not a substance that is typically considered a component of health or medicine in the context of human body or physiology. It's actually a form of oxygen, but with three atoms instead of two, making it unstable and reactive. Ozone is naturally present in the Earth's atmosphere, where it forms a protective layer in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

However, ozone can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on human health depending on its location and concentration. At ground level or in indoor environments, ozone is considered an air pollutant that can irritate the respiratory system and aggravate asthma symptoms when inhaled at high concentrations. It's important to note that ozone should not be confused with oxygen (O2), which is essential for human life and breathing.

"Larix" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for a group of trees commonly known as larches, which belong to the family Pinaceae. These deciduous conifers are native to the cooler temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are known for their needle-like leaves and cone-bearing fruits.

While not directly related to human health or medicine, certain compounds derived from plants in the Larix genus have been studied for potential medicinal properties. For example, extracts from larch bark have been investigated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing effects. However, it is important to note that these studies are still in the preliminary stages, and more research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn about the medicinal applications of Larix species.

'Spatio-temporal analysis' is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in various scientific fields including epidemiology and public health research to describe the examination of data that contains both geographical and time-based information. In this context, spatio-temporal analysis involves studying how health outcomes or exposures change over time and across different locations.

The goal of spatio-temporal analysis is to identify patterns, trends, and clusters of health events in space and time, which can help inform public health interventions, monitor disease outbreaks, and evaluate the effectiveness of public health policies. For example, spatio-temporal analysis may be used to examine the spread of a infectious disease over time and across different regions, or to assess the impact of environmental exposures on health outcomes in specific communities.

Spatio-temporal analysis typically involves the use of statistical methods and geographic information systems (GIS) tools to visualize and analyze data in a spatially and temporally explicit manner. These methods can help account for confounding factors, such as population density or demographics, that may affect health outcomes and help identify meaningful patterns in complex datasets.

Reproduction, in the context of biology and medicine, refers to the process by which organisms produce offspring. It is a complex process that involves the creation, development, and growth of new individuals from parent organisms. In sexual reproduction, this process typically involves the combination of genetic material from two parents through the fusion of gametes (sex cells) such as sperm and egg cells. This results in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into a new individual with a unique genetic makeup.

In contrast, asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and can occur through various mechanisms such as budding, fragmentation, or parthenogenesis. Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism.

Reproduction is a fundamental process that ensures the survival and continuation of species over time. It is also an area of active research in fields such as reproductive medicine, where scientists and clinicians work to understand and address issues related to human fertility, contraception, and genetic disorders.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "water supply" is not a medical term per se. It is a general term used to describe the system or arrangement providing water for consumption or use, such as a public water supply system or a private well. However, in a medical context, it could refer to the source of water used in a healthcare facility for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and patient care, which must meet certain quality standards to prevent infection and ensure safety.

I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term 'civilization' is more commonly used in social sciences and humanities rather than medicine. It refers to a complex human society, usually characterized by the development of agriculture, permanent settlements, and advanced institutions and technology. However, it is not a term that would typically be used in a medical definition. If you have any other questions, I'd be happy to try and help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fresh Water" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe water that contains low concentrations of dissolved salts and other dissolved minerals. It is distinguished from saline water, which includes saltwater found in the ocean and brackish water found in estuaries. Fresh water is essential for many biological processes and is the primary source of water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial use.

I believe there might be a bit of confusion in your question. A "history" in medical terms usually refers to the detailed account of a patient's symptoms, illnesses, and treatments over time. It is a crucial part of the medical record and helps healthcare professionals understand the patient's health status and inform their care plans.

On the other hand, "16th century" refers to a specific period in history, spanning from 1501 to 1600 AD.

There isn't a direct medical definition for 'History, 16th Century.' However, if you are interested in learning about the medical advancements and practices during that time, I would be happy to provide some information. The 16th century was marked by significant developments in anatomy, surgery, and pharmacology, thanks to pioneers like Andreas Vesalius, Ambroise Paré, and William Shakespeare, who incorporated medical themes into his plays.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "urbanization" is a term that is more commonly used in the context of sociology and urban planning. It refers to the process through which rural areas become urbanized, or turned into cities, as a result of growth in population and infrastructure development.

However, if you are asking about the health implications of urbanization, then there is a field of study called "urban health" that focuses on how the urban environment impacts the physical and mental health of its inhabitants. Factors such as air pollution, noise pollution, lack of green spaces, inadequate housing, and limited access to healthy food options can all contribute to negative health outcomes in urban areas.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "solar activity" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Solar activity refers to the various phenomena that occur on the Sun, including solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and solar wind. These events involve the release of energy and charged particles from the Sun's atmosphere and can have effects on space weather and technological systems in near-Earth space. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Fisheries" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Fisheries are places or practices concerned with the catching, processing, or selling of fish, shellfish, and other forms of aquatic life. They can refer to commercial operations, recreational activities, or scientific research related to aquatic species. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help answer those for you!

Coral reefs are complex, underwater ecosystems formed by the accumulation of calcium carbonate structures secreted by colonies of corals. They provide habitat and protection for a wide variety of marine organisms, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.

Coral reefs are found in shallow, tropical waters around the world, and they are often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea" due to their incredible biodiversity. They are formed over thousands of years as corals grow and reproduce, gradually building up layers of calcium carbonate structures known as skeletons.

There are several different types of coral reefs, including fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls. Fringing reefs are located close to the shore and are often found in areas with steep drop-offs. Barrier reefs are larger than fringing reefs and are separated from the shore by a lagoon or a body of water. Atolls are circular or ring-shaped reefs that surround a central lagoon.

Coral reefs provide many important ecosystem services, including coastal protection, nutrient cycling, and support for fisheries. However, they are facing numerous threats from human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which can lead to coral bleaching and death. Conservation efforts are underway to protect and restore these valuable ecosystems.

Euphausiacea is a taxonomic category, specifically an order, that includes various types of planktonic crustaceans commonly known as krill. These small, shrimp-like animals are found in oceans all over the world and play a crucial role in marine ecosystems as a key food source for many larger animals, including whales, seals, and fish.

Euphausiids, as they are sometimes called, have a transparent exoskeleton and a distinctive bioluminescent ability that they use for communication, attracting prey, and evading predators. They are filter feeders, consuming large quantities of phytoplankton and other small organisms.

Euphausiacea is part of the larger decapod group, which also includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp. The study of these animals and their role in marine ecosystems is important for understanding ocean health and biodiversity.

A computer simulation is a process that involves creating a model of a real-world system or phenomenon on a computer and then using that model to run experiments and make predictions about how the system will behave under different conditions. In the medical field, computer simulations are used for a variety of purposes, including:

1. Training and education: Computer simulations can be used to create realistic virtual environments where medical students and professionals can practice their skills and learn new procedures without risk to actual patients. For example, surgeons may use simulation software to practice complex surgical techniques before performing them on real patients.
2. Research and development: Computer simulations can help medical researchers study the behavior of biological systems at a level of detail that would be difficult or impossible to achieve through experimental methods alone. By creating detailed models of cells, tissues, organs, or even entire organisms, researchers can use simulation software to explore how these systems function and how they respond to different stimuli.
3. Drug discovery and development: Computer simulations are an essential tool in modern drug discovery and development. By modeling the behavior of drugs at a molecular level, researchers can predict how they will interact with their targets in the body and identify potential side effects or toxicities. This information can help guide the design of new drugs and reduce the need for expensive and time-consuming clinical trials.
4. Personalized medicine: Computer simulations can be used to create personalized models of individual patients based on their unique genetic, physiological, and environmental characteristics. These models can then be used to predict how a patient will respond to different treatments and identify the most effective therapy for their specific condition.

Overall, computer simulations are a powerful tool in modern medicine, enabling researchers and clinicians to study complex systems and make predictions about how they will behave under a wide range of conditions. By providing insights into the behavior of biological systems at a level of detail that would be difficult or impossible to achieve through experimental methods alone, computer simulations are helping to advance our understanding of human health and disease.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Australia" is not a medical term or concept. It is the world's largest island and smallest continent, located in the Southern Hemisphere, surrounded by the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is composed of many diverse ecosystems, including deserts, rainforests, and coastal areas, and is home to a wide variety of unique plant and animal species.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!

Herbivory is not a medical term, but rather a term used in biology and ecology. It refers to the practice of consuming plants or plant matter for food. Herbivores are animals that eat only plants, and their diet can include leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, and other parts of plants.

While herbivory is not a medical term, it is still relevant to the field of medicine in certain contexts. For example, understanding the diets and behaviors of herbivores can help inform public health initiatives related to food safety and disease transmission. Additionally, research on herbivory has contributed to our understanding of the evolution of plant-animal interactions and the development of ecosystems.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

"Natural history" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in a broader context, natural history refers to the development and course of a disease or condition as it progresses over time in an individual or a population, without any medical intervention. It involves observing and documenting the symptoms, signs, complications, and outcomes of the disease, as well as any factors that may influence its course, such as age, gender, genetics, and environment. This information can be used to improve our understanding of the disease and develop more effective treatments.

'Biota' is a term that refers to the total collection of living organisms in a particular habitat, ecosystem, or region. It includes all forms of life such as plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Biota can be used to describe the communities of living things in a specific area, like a forest biota or marine biota, and it can also refer to the study of these organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. In medical contexts, 'biota' may specifically refer to the microorganisms that inhabit the human body, such as the gut microbiota.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "spacecraft" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. It may be used to transport humans or cargo to and from space stations, conduct scientific research, or explore other celestial bodies such as the moon, planets, and asteroids. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I'd be happy to help!

I believe there might be some confusion in your question. "Hares" is a common name used to refer to certain types of fast-running mammals that belong to the family Leporidae and the genus Lepus. They are known for their long ears and powerful hind legs, which allow them to move quickly through open fields.

However, if you are referring to a medical term, it is possible that you may have misspelled the word. If you meant "hairs" instead of "hares," then I can provide you with a definition related to medicine.

In medical terms, hairs refer to the keratinous filaments that grow from follicles in the skin of mammals, including humans. They serve various functions, such as sensory perception, thermoregulation, and protection. Hair growth, structure, and distribution can also provide valuable diagnostic information for certain medical conditions.

"Western Africa" is a geographical region that consists of several countries located in the western part of the African continent. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

The region is characterized by a diverse range of cultures, languages, and ethnic groups, as well as a variety of landscapes, including coastal areas, savannas, and deserts. Western Africa has a rich history, with many ancient kingdoms and empires having existed in the region, such as the Ghana Empire, Mali Empire, and Songhai Empire.

In medical contexts, "Western Africa" may be used to describe the epidemiology, distribution, or characteristics of various health conditions or diseases that are prevalent in this geographical region. For example, certain infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, and Ebola virus disease are more common in Western Africa than in other parts of the world. Therefore, medical researchers and practitioners may use the term "Western Africa" to refer to the specific health challenges and needs of the populations living in this region.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. In medical terms, there is no definition for "tidal waves." However, the term "tidal wave" is commonly used in layman's language to refer to massive waves caused by earthquakes or underwater landslides, which are technically called tsunamis. Tsunamis are rapid, long-wavelength sea waves that can cause extensive coastal damage and loss of life.

If you meant a different term related to medicine or healthcare, please clarify so I can provide an accurate definition.

Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases, are illnesses that can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission. These modes include:

1. Direct contact: This occurs when an individual comes into physical contact with an infected person, such as touching or shaking hands, or having sexual contact.
2. Indirect contact: This happens when an individual comes into contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, like doorknobs, towels, or utensils.
3. Airborne transmission: Infectious agents can be spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or sings, releasing droplets containing the pathogen into the environment. These droplets can then be inhaled by nearby individuals.
4. Droplet transmission: Similar to airborne transmission, but involving larger respiratory droplets that don't remain suspended in the air for long periods and typically travel shorter distances (usually less than 6 feet).
5. Vector-borne transmission: This occurs when an infected animal or insect, such as a mosquito or tick, transmits the disease to a human through a bite or other means.

Examples of communicable diseases include COVID-19, influenza, tuberculosis, measles, hepatitis B, and malaria. Preventive measures for communicable diseases often involve public health initiatives like vaccination programs, hygiene promotion, and vector control strategies.

Medical definitions of water generally describe it as a colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life. It is a universal solvent, making it an excellent medium for transporting nutrients and waste products within the body. Water constitutes about 50-70% of an individual's body weight, depending on factors such as age, sex, and muscle mass.

In medical terms, water has several important functions in the human body:

1. Regulation of body temperature through perspiration and respiration.
2. Acting as a lubricant for joints and tissues.
3. Facilitating digestion by helping to break down food particles.
4. Transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
5. Helping to maintain healthy skin and mucous membranes.
6. Assisting in the regulation of various bodily functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Dehydration can occur when an individual does not consume enough water or loses too much fluid due to illness, exercise, or other factors. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, and confusion. Severe dehydration can be life-threatening if left untreated.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. The term "fishes" is not typically used in a medical context. "Fish" or "fishes" refers to any aquatic organism belonging to the taxonomic class Actinopterygii (bony fish), Chondrichthyes (sharks and rays), or Agnatha (jawless fish).

However, if you are referring to a condition related to fish or consuming fish, there is a medical issue called scombroid fish poisoning. It's a foodborne illness caused by eating spoiled or improperly stored fish from the Scombridae family, which includes tuna, mackerel, and bonito, among others. The bacteria present in these fish can produce histamine, which can cause symptoms like skin flushing, headache, diarrhea, and itchy rash. But again, this is not related to the term "fishes" itself but rather a condition associated with consuming certain types of fish.

Ericaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as heath family or heather family. It includes a number of genera with over 4000 species, many of which are evergreen shrubs and trees. Some well-known members of this family include blueberries, cranberries, rhododendrons, azaleas, and heathers. These plants typically prefer acidic soils and are often found in woodland, mountain, and coastal habitats.

Extreme heat is a term used to describe abnormally high temperatures that can pose a significant risk to human health and well-being. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), extreme heat is defined as summertime temperatures that are significantly hotter and/or more humid than average.

Heat waves, which are prolonged periods of extreme heat, can be particularly dangerous because they can cause heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines extreme heat as temperatures that are 5°C or more above the average maximum temperature for a given location during a specific season.

Exposure to extreme heat can have serious health consequences, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children, people with chronic medical conditions, and those who work outdoors. It is important to take precautions during periods of extreme heat, such as staying hydrated, seeking shade or air-conditioned spaces, and avoiding strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day.

In the context of mental health and psychology, "predatory behavior" is not a term that is commonly used as a medical diagnosis or condition. However, it generally refers to aggressive or exploitative behavior towards others with the intention of taking advantage of them for personal gain or pleasure. This could include various types of harmful behaviors such as sexual harassment, assault, stalking, bullying, or financial exploitation.

In some cases, predatory behavior may be associated with certain mental health conditions, such as antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy, which are characterized by a disregard for the rights and feelings of others. However, it's important to note that not all individuals who engage in predatory behavior have a mental health condition, and many people who do may not necessarily exhibit these behaviors.

If you or someone else is experiencing harm or exploitation, it's important to seek help from a trusted authority figure, such as a healthcare provider, law enforcement officer, or social worker.

Pollen, in a medical context, refers to the fine powder-like substance produced by the male reproductive organ of seed plants. It contains microscopic grains known as pollen grains, which are transported by various means such as wind, water, or insects to the female reproductive organ of the same or another plant species for fertilization.

Pollen can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly during the spring and summer months when plants release large amounts of pollen into the air. These allergies, also known as hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis, can result in symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy eyes, and coughing.

It is important to note that while all pollen has the potential to cause allergic reactions, certain types of plants, such as ragweed, grasses, and trees, are more likely to trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Amphibians are a class of cold-blooded vertebrates that include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians. They are characterized by their four-limbed body structure, moist skin, and double circulation system with three-chambered hearts. Amphibians are unique because they have a life cycle that involves two distinct stages: an aquatic larval stage (usually as a tadpole or larva) and a terrestrial adult stage. They typically start their lives in water, undergoing metamorphosis to develop lungs and legs for a land-dwelling existence. Many amphibians are also known for their complex reproductive behaviors and vocalizations.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Bays" is not a medical term or abbreviation in common use. It's possible that you may have heard this term used in a different context, such as in anatomy to describe a body of water (like a bay in geography), or it could be a typo. If you have more context or information about where you encountered this term, I'd be happy to help you further!

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. In the field of medicine, the term "weeds" is not typically used as a medical definition. The term "weeds" is commonly used to refer to unwanted plants that grow in a particular location, often in agricultural or gardening contexts.

If you are referring to plants that may have medicinal properties but are not typically cultivated and are instead found growing wild, they might be referred to as "wildcrafted herbs" or "weedy species," but there is no official medical definition for these terms either.

If you could provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further!

Plant transpiration is the process by which water vapor escapes from leaves and other aerial parts of plants to the atmosphere. It is a type of evapotranspiration, which refers to both evaporation from land surfaces and transpiration from plants. Water molecules are absorbed by plant roots from the soil, move up through the xylem tissue to the leaves, and then evaporate from the leaf surface through stomatal pores. This process helps in the transportation of nutrients from the soil to various parts of the plant, regulates the temperature of the plant, and maintains the turgor pressure within the cells. Plant transpiration is influenced by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

"Time" is not a medical term or concept. It is a fundamental concept in physics that refers to the ongoing sequence of events taking place. While there are medical terms that include the word "time," such as "reaction time" or "pregnancy due date," these refer to specific measurements or periods within a medical context, rather than the concept of time itself.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Queensland" is not a medical term. It is the second largest state in Australia, located in the northeastern part of the country. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

Environmental remediation is the process of treating, removing, or containing contamination from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water for the purpose of reducing the impact on human health and the environment. The goal of environmental remediation is to return the contaminated area to its original state, or to a state that is safe for use and poses no significant risk to human health or the environment. This process often involves various techniques such as excavation, soil washing, bioremediation, chemical treatment, and thermal treatment. The specific method used depends on the type and extent of contamination, as well as site-specific conditions.

"Body size" is a general term that refers to the overall physical dimensions and proportions of an individual's body. It can encompass various measurements, including height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and other anthropometric measures.

In medical and public health contexts, body size is often used to assess health status, risk factors for chronic diseases, and overall well-being. For example, a high body mass index (BMI) may indicate excess body fat and increase the risk of conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Similarly, a large waist circumference or high blood pressure may also be indicators of increased health risks.

It's important to note that body size is just one aspect of health and should not be used as the sole indicator of an individual's overall well-being. A holistic approach to health that considers multiple factors, including diet, physical activity, mental health, and social determinants of health, is essential for promoting optimal health outcomes.

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, to mitigate climate change. It can occur naturally through processes such as photosynthesis in plants and absorption by oceans. Artificial or engineered carbon sequestration methods include:

1. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): This process captures CO2 emissions from large point sources, like power plants, before they are released into the atmosphere. The captured CO2 is then compressed and transported to suitable geological formations for long-term storage.

2. Ocean Sequestration: This method involves directly injecting CO2 into the deep ocean or enhancing natural processes that absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, such as growing more phytoplankton (microscopic marine plants) through nutrient enrichment.

3. Soil Carbon Sequestration: Practices like regenerative agriculture, agroforestry, and cover cropping can enhance soil organic carbon content by increasing the amount of carbon stored in soils. This not only helps mitigate climate change but also improves soil health and productivity.

4. Biochar Sequestration: Biochar is a type of charcoal produced through pyrolysis (heating biomass in the absence of oxygen). When added to soils, biochar can increase soil fertility and carbon sequestration capacity, as it has a high resistance to decomposition and can store carbon for hundreds to thousands of years.

5. Mineral Carbonation: This method involves reacting CO2 with naturally occurring minerals (like silicate or oxide minerals) to form stable mineral carbonates, effectively locking away the CO2 in solid form.

It is important to note that while carbon sequestration can help mitigate climate change, it should be considered as one of many strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition towards a low-carbon or carbon-neutral economy.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "planets" is not a medical term. It is a term used in astronomy to refer to celestial bodies that orbit the sun and meet certain criteria, such as having cleared their orbit of other debris. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to try to help!

Radiometric dating is a method used to determine the age of objects, including rocks and other fossilized materials, based on the decay rates of radioactive isotopes. This technique relies on the fact that certain elements, such as carbon-14, potassium-40, and uranium-238, are unstable and gradually decay into different elements over time.

By measuring the ratio of the remaining radioactive isotope to the stable end product, scientists can calculate the age of a sample using the following formula:

age = (ln(Nf/N0)) / λ

where Nf is the number of atoms of the decayed isotope, N0 is the initial number of atoms of the radioactive isotope, and λ is the decay constant.

Radiometric dating has been used to date objects ranging from a few thousand years old to billions of years old, making it an essential tool for archaeologists, geologists, and other scientists who study the history of our planet.

"Juniperus" is not a medical term itself, but it refers to a genus of evergreen coniferous trees and shrubs that belong to the cypress family (Cupressaceae). There are around 50-70 species in this genus, which are native to the northern hemisphere.

Juniperus species have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, such as treating digestive disorders, skin conditions, and respiratory ailments. The essential oil extracted from some Juniperus species contains compounds that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, it's important to note that the use of juniper in modern medicine is limited, and its efficacy and safety for specific medical conditions are not well-established.

Therefore, if you're considering using juniper or any of its preparations for medicinal purposes, it's recommended to consult a healthcare professional first to ensure its safe and appropriate use.

Animal diseases are health conditions that primarily affect animals, including but not limited to, livestock, poultry, wildlife, and pets. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, genetic disorders, and environmental conditions. Some animal diseases can also pose a risk to human health, either directly or indirectly, through the consumption of contaminated food or water, contact with infected animals, or the spread of vectors like ticks and mosquitoes. Examples of animal diseases include rabies, avian influenza, foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and heartworm disease. It is important to monitor, control, and prevent the spread of animal diseases to protect animal health, food security, and public health.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tibet" is not a medical term. It is a region in Asia that is currently under the political control of China, although it has a distinct cultural and historical heritage. Tibet is geographically located in the Tibetan Plateau, which is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of over 14,000 feet (4,267 meters) above sea level.

If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!

I'm not aware of a medical definition specifically for "Borneo." Borneo is the third-largest island in the world, located in Southeast Asia and divided among three countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. It has a rich biodiversity with many plant and animal species, some of which have been studied in medical or scientific research. However, there is no established medical definition for "Borneo" itself.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "flowers" is not a term that has a medical definition. The term "flowers" is commonly used to refer to the reproductive structures of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are characterized by having both male and female reproductive organs or separate male and female flowers.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health conditions, I would be happy to try to help answer those for you!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Malta" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southern Europe, consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Maps as Topic" is not a recognized medical term or concept in the field of medicine. The term "maps" can be used in a medical context to refer to visual representations of data, such as anatomical diagrams or genetic maps. However, without further context, it's difficult to provide a precise definition of "Maps as Topic" in a medical sense.

If you could provide more information about the context in which this term is being used, I may be able to give a more specific and accurate answer.

I believe you may have made a typo in your question. "Archaeology" is the scientific study of past human cultures and societies through the recovery, examination, and analysis of material remains such as artifacts, buildings, biofacts (e.g., bones, shells), and cultural landscapes. It is not typically associated with medical definitions. If you intended to ask for a different term related to medicine or healthcare, please let me know so I can provide the correct information.

For more information about archaeology, you may be interested in visiting the World Archaeological Congress () or the Society for American Archaeology () websites to learn more about this fascinating field of study.

"Cold temperature" is a relative term and its definition can vary depending on the context. In general, it refers to temperatures that are lower than those normally experienced or preferred by humans and other warm-blooded animals. In a medical context, cold temperature is often defined as an environmental temperature that is below 16°C (60.8°F).

Exposure to cold temperatures can have various physiological effects on the human body, such as vasoconstriction of blood vessels near the skin surface, increased heart rate and metabolic rate, and shivering, which helps to generate heat and maintain body temperature. Prolonged exposure to extreme cold temperatures can lead to hypothermia, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a drop in core body temperature below 35°C (95°F).

It's worth noting that some people may have different sensitivities to cold temperatures due to factors such as age, health status, and certain medical conditions. For example, older adults, young children, and individuals with circulatory or neurological disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of cold temperatures.

A "Medical History, Medieval" typically refers to the study and documentation of medical practices, knowledge, and beliefs during the Middle Ages, which spanned approximately from the 5th to the 15th century. This era saw significant developments in medicine, including the translation and dissemination of ancient Greek and Roman medical texts, the establishment of hospitals and medical schools, and the growth of surgical techniques.

During this time, medical theories were heavily influenced by the works of Hippocrates and Galen, who believed that diseases were caused by an imbalance in the four bodily fluids or "humors" (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile). Treatments often involved attempts to restore this balance through diet, lifestyle changes, and various medical interventions such as bloodletting, purgatives, and herbal remedies.

The Medieval period also saw the rise of monastic medicine, in which monasteries and convents played a crucial role in providing medical care to the sick and poor. Monks and nuns often served as healers and were known for their knowledge of herbs and other natural remedies. Additionally, during this time, Islamic medicine flourished, with physicians such as Avicenna and Rhazes making significant contributions to the field, including the development of new surgical techniques and the creation of comprehensive medical texts that were widely translated and studied in Europe.

Overall, the Medieval period was a critical time in the development of medical knowledge and practice, laying the groundwork for many modern medical concepts and practices.

Statistical models are mathematical representations that describe the relationship between variables in a given dataset. They are used to analyze and interpret data in order to make predictions or test hypotheses about a population. In the context of medicine, statistical models can be used for various purposes such as:

1. Disease risk prediction: By analyzing demographic, clinical, and genetic data using statistical models, researchers can identify factors that contribute to an individual's risk of developing certain diseases. This information can then be used to develop personalized prevention strategies or early detection methods.

2. Clinical trial design and analysis: Statistical models are essential tools for designing and analyzing clinical trials. They help determine sample size, allocate participants to treatment groups, and assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions.

3. Epidemiological studies: Researchers use statistical models to investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations. This includes studying patterns of disease transmission, evaluating public health interventions, and estimating the burden of diseases.

4. Health services research: Statistical models are employed to analyze healthcare utilization, costs, and outcomes. This helps inform decisions about resource allocation, policy development, and quality improvement initiatives.

5. Biostatistics and bioinformatics: In these fields, statistical models are used to analyze large-scale molecular data (e.g., genomics, proteomics) to understand biological processes and identify potential therapeutic targets.

In summary, statistical models in medicine provide a framework for understanding complex relationships between variables and making informed decisions based on data-driven insights.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Spatial Analysis" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Spatial analysis is a broader geographical term that refers to the examination of data related to locations and the relationships between those locations. It is often used in fields such as epidemiology and public health to analyze patterns of disease distribution and spread, but it is not a medical concept itself.

In the context of healthcare and public health, spatial analysis can involve mapping the geographic distribution of diseases or health outcomes, identifying clusters of cases, examining spatial patterns and trends, and exploring potential environmental or sociodemographic factors that may be contributing to those patterns. These techniques can help inform disease prevention and control efforts, resource allocation, and policy decisions.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Nevada" is not a medical term. It is the name of a state in the western United States. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, please let me know and I would be happy to help.

I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.

Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.

I must apologize, but there seems to be a misunderstanding. The term "internationality" is not a commonly used medical term with a specific definition in the field of medicine or healthcare. It is a more general term that can refer to the quality or state of being international or global in scope, relevance, or application. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to try and help clarify those for you.

Air pollutants are substances or mixtures of substances present in the air that can have negative effects on human health, the environment, and climate. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, transportation, residential heating and cooking, agricultural activities, and natural events. Some common examples of air pollutants include particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Air pollutants can cause a range of health effects, from respiratory irritation and coughing to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and cancer. They can also contribute to climate change by reacting with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form harmful ground-level ozone and by directly absorbing or scattering sunlight, which can affect temperature and precipitation patterns.

Air quality standards and regulations have been established to limit the amount of air pollutants that can be released into the environment, and efforts are ongoing to reduce emissions and improve air quality worldwide.

"Gadus morhua" is the scientific name for the species of fish known as the Atlantic cod. It belongs to the Gadidae family and is a cold-water fish that is widely distributed in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic cod is an important species economically, with its white flaky meat being highly sought after in many culinary traditions. Additionally, it has been extensively studied in fisheries science and ecology due to its historical importance as a target of commercial fishing.

'Aquatic organisms' are living beings that inhabit bodies of water, such as oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and ponds. This group includes a wide variety of species, ranging from tiny microorganisms like plankton to large marine mammals like whales. Aquatic organisms can be divided into several categories based on their specific adaptations to their environment, including:

1. Plankton: small organisms that drift with the water currents and include both plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton).
2. Nekton: actively swimming aquatic organisms, such as fish, squid, and marine mammals.
3. Benthos: organisms that live on or in the bottom of bodies of water, including crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and some types of algae.
4. Neuston: organisms that live at the air-water interface, such as certain species of insects and small fish.

Aquatic organisms play a critical role in maintaining the health and balance of aquatic ecosystems, providing food and habitat for other species, and contributing to global nutrient cycling and climate regulation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "sunlight" is not a term with a specific medical definition. However, sunlight does have various implications in the field of medicine. It is the light that comes from the sun, which is a star at the center of our solar system. Sunlight is essential for the production of vitamin D in humans, and it can also have effects on mood and sleep patterns due to its influence on circadian rhythms.

In a medical context, sunlight is often discussed in relation to its potential health benefits and risks. For instance, moderate sun exposure can help increase vitamin D levels, which are important for bone health, immune function, and other bodily processes. However, excessive sun exposure can lead to harmful effects, such as sunburn, premature skin aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer.

It's essential to balance the benefits and risks of sunlight exposure by practicing safe sun habits, such as wearing protective clothing, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, seeking shade during peak sunlight hours, and avoiding intentional tanning.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Asia" is not a medical term. It is the largest continent in the world, comprising about 30% of the Earth's total land area and containing around 60% of the world's current human population. It is divided into several regions, including Northern Asia (Siberia), Eastern Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan), Southern Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives), Southeastern Asia (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei), and Western Asia (Middle East).

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help.

Malaria is not a medical definition itself, but it is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Here's a simple definition:

Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, characterized by cycles of fever, chills, and anemia. It can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.

"Butterflies" is not a medical term, but rather a colloquial or informal term that is often used to describe a feeling of nervousness or excitement in the stomach. It is thought to be due to the release of adrenaline and the increased heart rate and breathing that can occur when someone is anxious or excited. The sensation may be caused by the contraction of the muscles in the stomach, which can feel like fluttering or flips. This feeling is not a medical condition and does not typically require treatment, but if it is severe or persistent, it may be helpful to speak with a healthcare provider to address any underlying anxiety or stress.

NOAA Climate Services Portal NOAA State of the Climate NASA's Climate change and global warming portal Climate Prediction ... Climate models are mathematical models of past, present, and future climates. Climate change may occur over long and short ... Global climate models can be dynamically or statistically downscaled to regional climate models to analyze impacts of climate ... Climate inertia Climate Prediction Center Climatic map Climograph Ecosystem Effect of Sun angle on climate Greenhouse effect ...
A miracle has happened,' announced a contributor to Climate Audit, a website devoted to criticising the science of climate ... Since 2002, Steve McIntyre, the editor of Climate Audit, a blog that investigates the statistical methods used in climate ... "Climate Auditor" websites. After the UK Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) came into effect in 2005, Climate Audit readers were ... Climate Audit is a blog founded in 2005 by Steve McIntyre. In November 2009 journalist Andrew Revkin described it in The New ...
"Film "Climate Refugees" Explores Impact of Climate Change". Franklin Environmental Center at Hillcrest. Middlebury College. ... "Climate Refugees (film)". Retrieved 2016-01-09. O'Lear, Shannon; Dalby, Simon (2015). Reframing Climate Change: Constructing ... Fritz, Jeanine (13 February 2010). "'Climate Refugees' director Michael Nash presents human picture of climate change". Daily ... Climate Refugees is a 2010 American documentary film, directed and produced by Michael P. Nash. The documentary attempts to ...
"Quantification of the northern Italy Pliocene climate from pollen data: evidence for a very peculiar climate pattern". Boreas. ... The climate of eastern Africa was very similar to what it is today. Unexpectedly, the expansion of grasslands in eastern Africa ... During the Pliocene epoch (5.3 Ma to 2.6 Ma), the Earth's climate became cooler and drier, as well as more seasonal, marking a ... Uplift of the Rocky Mountains and Greenland's west coast may have cooled the climate due to jet stream deflection and increased ...
Climate of Africa, Climate of Asia, Climate of Australia, Climate of North America, Climate of South America, Deserts, Deserts ... The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk) is a dry climate sub-type in which there ... a hot desert climate (BWh), and a cold desert climate (BWk). To delineate "hot desert climates" from "cold desert climates", a ... though summers are not typically as hot as hot desert climates. Unlike hot desert climates, cold desert climates tend to ...
... enhances legacy climate goals (stabilizing earth's climate) to include ensuring the survival of humanity by ... Worldward Foundation for Climate Restoration Global Coalition for Climate Restoration The Climate Foundation Lindsey, Rebecca ( ... "limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change". Advocates of climate restoration accept that climate change has ... Climate restoration is the climate change goal and associated actions to restore CO2 to levels humans have actually survived ...
Subpolar oceanic climates are less prone to temperature extremes than subarctic climates or continental climates, featuring ... tundra and ice cap climate). Areas with subpolar oceanic climates feature an oceanic climate but are usually located closer to ... and altitude also shape temperate climates. The Köppen climate classification defines a climate as "temperate" C, when the mean ... Oceanic climates are created by the on-shore flow from the cool high latitude oceans to their west. This causes the climate to ...
Look up climate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region. Climate or Climates ... hardcore band formed in 2011 All pages with titles beginning with Climate All pages with titles containing Climate Climate ... and astronomy Organisation climate Political climate This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Climate ... an ancient astronomical instrument Climates (film), a 2006 Turkish drama Climates (band), a British melodic ...
Business action on climate change Climate change adaptation Climate change mitigation Climate finance Climate movement - ... "More climate action" is a central demand of the climate movement. Climate inaction is the absence of climate action. Examples ... actions by non-governmental organizations Individual action on climate change Politics of climate change Effects of climate ... Climate action (or climate change action) refers to a range of activities, mechanisms, policy instruments and so forth that aim ...
... is a climate with an excess of moisture. In the Köppen climate classification system, it is marked with middle ... though humid subtropical climates bordering tropical monsoon or tropical wet and dry climates have a dry season. It may refer ... a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters Equatorial or tropical rainforest climate. ( ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Humid climate. If an internal link led you here, you may wish ...
Climate communication, Climate change, Climate change mitigation, Climate change policy, 2010s neologisms, 2020s neologisms). ... Climate crisis is a term describing global warming and climate change, and their impacts. This term and the term climate ... climate change, a term that Gore renamed to climate crisis Sobczyk, Nick (July 10, 2019). "How climate change got labeled a ' ... Climate apocalypse Climate psychology Environmental communication Extinction Rebellion Media coverage of climate change ...
... may refer to: Polar climate Ice cap climate Tundra climate Alpine climate Subarctic climate Continental climate ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cold climate. If an internal link led you here, you may wish ...
Polar climate Köppen climate classification Páramo Alpine tundra Alpine climate "Tundra climate". Encyclopædia Britannica. 31 ... The tundra climate is a polar climate sub-type located in high latitudes and high mountains. It is classified as ET according ... It is a climate which at least one month has an average temperature high enough to melt snow (0 °C (32 °F)), but no month with ... There also exists an oceanic variety of the tundra climate with cool to mild winters (the coldest month averaging around 0°C) ...
The study of urban climate is urban climatology. In 1950 Ã…ke Sundborg published one of the first theories on the climate of ... The climate in urban areas differs from that in neighboring rural areas, as a result of urban development. Urbanization greatly ... Expansion of these urban areas can lead to higher surface and air temperatures contributing to urban climate. Because cities ... Akbari, Hashem; Jandaghian, Zahra (June 2018). "The Effect of Increasing Surface Albedo on Urban Climate and Air Quality: A ...
"Space Climate Observatory Homepage". SCO. Retrieved 29 December 2018. "Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate - homepage". ... Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (JSWSC) United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs' Space and Climate Change ... Another recent space observatory platform is the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE). Space climate research has ... climate, and other related systems. The scientific study of space climate is an interdisciplinary field of space physics, solar ...
"Climate TRACE to track real-time global carbon emissions". Yale Climate Connections. August 17, 2020. Archived from the ... "Emissions Map - Climate TRACE". climatetrace.org. Retrieved 18 December 2022. "News - Climate TRACE". climatetrace.org. ... Vice President Al Gore Climate change portal Glossary of climate change Gore, Al (December 12, 2020). "Opinion , Al Gore: Where ... "Al Gore's Climate TRACE tracking group finds vast undercounts of emissions". Axios. Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. ...
A climate target, climate goal or climate pledge is a measurable long-term commitment for climate policy and energy policy with ... Climate change in Europe#Climate targets Global warming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change United Nations Climate Change ... Many climate targets are implemented in national climate legislation. An emissions target or greenhouse gas emissions reduction ... "Home , Climate Action Tracker". climateactiontracker.org. Retrieved 2021-04-28. "Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1" (PDF ...
To implement effective and comprehensive climate action in accordance with Climate Alliance principles. To promote climate ... Climate Alliance advises cities and municipalities on the implementation of climate protection strategies and develops ... The European Secretariat of Climate Alliance is based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and in Brussels, Belgium. Climate Alliance ... Climate change policy, All stub articles, Climate change stubs). ... Climate Alliance is a European network of cities, towns and ...
Temperate climate Humid temperate climate Subhumid temperate climate Mediterranean climate Köppen climate classification Tom L ... An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as ... Subpolar oceanic climates are less prone to temperature extremes than subarctic climates or continental climates, featuring ... Temperate oceanic climates, also known as "marine mild winter" climates or simply oceanic climates, are found either at middle ...
... is the classroom environment, the social climate, the emotional and the physical aspects of the classroom. ... It is two-fold: one separates knowledge from the social climate. Classroom climate is not associated with learning. The ... Emotional climate Leadership climate Bierman, Karen L. (September-October 2011). "The promise and potential of studying the " ... "Classroom Climate". Center for Innovative Teaching and Learning. The Trustees of Indiana University. Archived from the original ...
Classroom climate Leadership climate Emotions Rivera, Joseph De (1992). "Emotional climate: Social structure and emotional ... Emotional climate is a concept that quantifies the "climate" of a community, being a small group, a classroom, an organization ... The concept of emotional climate was first used in educational psychology to define the effects of classroom climates on ... Emotional climates reflect the way most members of a community feel in a given situation; it can be defined as how members of a ...
"What is Climate Literacy? ,". sites.gsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-16. "The Essential Principles of Climate Literacy , NOAA Climate ... Research centers in climate communication include: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication Center for Climate Change ... Various scientists, politicians and media now use the terms climate crisis or climate emergency to talk about climate change, ... the UN Climate Change Secretariat NGOs Climate and Development Knowledge Network Climate Council New Zero World Cislak et al. ...
... or climate change inertia is the phenomenon by which a planet's climate system shows a resistance or slowness ... Gregory, J.M. (1 July 2000). "Vertical heat transports in the ocean and their effect on time-dependent climate change". Climate ... Hansen, J.; Russell, G.; Lacis, A.; Fung, I.; Rind, D.; Stone, P. (1985). "Climate response times: Dependence on climate ... Tebaldi, Claudia; Friedlingstein, Pierre (13 October 2017). "Delayed detection of climate mitigation benefits due to climate ...
Project Drawdown is a climate change mitigation project initiated by Paul Hawken and climate activist Amanda Joy Ravenhill. The ... Climate drawdown refers to the future point in time when levels of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere stop ... "Climate Solutions 101 presented by @ProjectDrawdown". Project Drawdown. 2020-12-22. Retrieved 2021-12-17. Book Passage (w/o ... Project Drawdown uses different scenarios to assess what different changes to global climate efforts might look like. Scenario ...
The following articles relate to the topic climate registry The California Climate Action Registry The Climate Registry in ... North America This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Climate registry. If an internal link led you ...
... is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It covers all aspects of ... reviews and papers emphasizing an integrated view of the physical and biogeochemical processes governing climate and climate ... and land surface as interacting components of the dynamics of global climate. The journal also publishes ... International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Palisades, NY) "Journals Ranked by Impact: Meteorology & Atmospheric ...
... may refer to: The 2014 UN Climate Summit held in New York on 23 September 2014 The 2019 UN Climate Action Summit ... held in New York on 23 September 2019 This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Climate Summit. If an ...
A climate appraisal is a unique, location-based report for a specific property on climate change (from global warming) and ... Climate Appraisal Services was reviewed in 2007 by USA Today in an article entitled "Website checks your home's climate change ... Information in a climate appraisal report enables property owners and/or buyers to assess for themselves how climate change ... University of Arizona partners with Climate Appraisal Services Nature, Climate information helps homeowners make choices USA ...
A climate apocalypse (also called a climate dystopia and a climate-induced collapse, among other names) generally denotes a ... Abrupt climate changes have occurred in the past, most clearly recorded in climate records from glacial ice on Greenland. There ... Severe impacts of climate change could combine with other risks not related to the climate. These include worldwide pollution, ... Unlike climate change adaptation, which aims to adapt societies gradually to the effects of climate change, Deep Adaptation is ...
... was the 2008-09 FIRST Lego League competition. Its theme centered on understanding the effects of climate ... Teams had to do a project on the subject of climate. Teams were to identify a climate problem in their area, investigate ... There were eighteen (18) missions in the Climate Connections game. Each revolved around some topic pertaining to climate change ... "Climate Connections: Mission, Field Setup, Rules, and Project" (PDF). FIRST. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December ...
Climate change, together with other natural and human-made health stressors, influences human health and disease in numerous ... Climate-Ready States & Cities Initiativeplus icon*Climate and Health Adaptation in Action ... For more information on the health effects of climate change, visit the Third National Climate Assessments Health Chapter ... Climate change, together with other natural and human-made health stressors, influences human health and disease in numerous ...
Stitching together archaeological evidence of past climate change, current observations, and future-telling climate models, the ... well before the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes sanctioned climate models predict. ... Trump says nuclear weapons are the riskiest kind of climate change Katie Herzog Politics ... Instead, we rely on our readers to pitch in what they can so that we can continue bringing you our solution-based climate news. ...
Climate Change[majr:noexp] AND humans[mh] AND english[la] AND last 2 Year [edat] NOT (letter[pt] OR case reports[pt] OR ... Climate Change and African Migrant Health. Sanni O, Salami B, Oluwasina F, Ojo F, Kennedy M. Sanni O, et al. Int J Environ Res ... Climate change and cetacean health: impacts and future directions. Kebke A, Samarra F, Derous D. Kebke A, et al. Philos Trans R ... Systematic review of climate change effects on reproductive health. Segal TR, Giudice LC. Segal TR, et al. Fertil Steril. 2022 ...
The Glasgow Declaration is a catalyst for increased urgency about the need to accelerate climate action in tourism and to ... Events of the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism. Operational Guidelines for the Glasgow Declaration on Climate ... The Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism defines a clear and consistent sector-wide message and approach to climate ... Over 450 organizations have become signatories of the Glasgow Declaration on Climate Action in Tourism to accelerate climate ...
On climate and health. 1. Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity. The impacts are already harming ... climate impacts could help prevent 250,000 additional climate-related deaths per year from 2030 to 2050, mainly from ... climate. But biodiversity loss is happening at an unprecedented rate, impacting human health worldwide and increasing the risk ... 8. The majority of countries identify health as a priority sector vulnerable to climate change. But a huge finance gap remains ...
... accompanied by a more granular set of guidance on climate change. This South African-specific content seeks to help companies ... Climate Change Disclosure Guidance. The guidance aims to clarify current global best practices in climate-related disclosure ... JSE Climate Disclosure Guidance_June 2022. About Sustainability at the JSE. The JSE has long been recognised for its pioneering ... Climate change is a mega-trend impacting all sectors of the economy. Therefore, we, aim to guide our issuers and investors on ...
The TCFD has developed a framework to help public companies and other organizations disclose climate-related risks and ... "Climate change is one of the biggest issues of our time. As the largest listed commercial property developer in the UK, we have ... The FSB has asked the IFRS Foundation to take over the monitoring of the progress of companies climate-related disclosures. ... 2023 Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. All rights reserved. Privacy Policy Terms of Use Cookie preferences ...
... Prediction. (Long range forecasts across the U.S.) Climate Variability. (Topics important to climate assessment and ... For the latest climate forecasts see the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) web page.. ... The map below is your portal to NWS Climate information. Select an area of interest and you will be directed to the local ...
The climate of Seoul features a humid continental climate with dry winter, called "Dwa" in the Köppen climate classification,[2 ... Seasonal climate[edit]. As a continental climate, Seoul has winter, summer and autumn seasons. The monsoon season and typhoons ... Seoul has a hot and very humid climate during the summer season, with cold and dry weather during the winter season. Spring ( ... "Seoul, South Korea - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Yu Media Group. Retrieved 9 ...
NOAA Climate Services Portal NOAA State of the Climate NASAs Climate change and global warming portal Climate Prediction ... Climate models are mathematical models of past, present, and future climates. Climate change may occur over long and short ... Global climate models can be dynamically or statistically downscaled to regional climate models to analyze impacts of climate ... Climate inertia Climate Prediction Center Climatic map Climograph Ecosystem Effect of Sun angle on climate Greenhouse effect ...
Climate denial was the original fake news. They have been at it awhile. A a peer-reviewed academic study of the climate denial ... the fake news of climate denial. The tactics and methods of climate science denial are the tactics and methods of weaponized ... "Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research concludes ... This is what climate change looks like: more water in the atmosphere makes for larger, stronger storms. And this will be ...
Category in the Köppen climate classification system. Humid continental climate worldwide, utilizing the Köppen climate ... Use in climate modeling[edit]. Since climate regimes tend to be dominated by vegetation of one region with relatively ... Dsa climates are rare; they are generally restricted to elevated areas adjacent to Mediterranean climate regions with a Csa ... The snowy city of Sapporo, Japan, has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa).. Using the Köppen climate classification, a ...
Latest Climate change News. At COP28 meeting, oil companies pledge to combat methane. Environmentalists call it a smokescreen ... On 1st day, UN climate conference sets up fund for countries hit by disasters like flood and drought. Nov. 30, 2023 11:09 AM ... Dont ignore us: Backed by pope, poorer nations use COP28 summit to press rich world on climate. Dec. 02, 2023 10:57 AM EST ... DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) - Ask most people what the annual U.N. climate talks are and the likely answer will be: "Huh ...
Climate change is affecting the places that birds need to survive. Audubons Survival By Degrees report shows that two-thirds ... Climate Survival by Degrees: 389 Bird Species on the Brink Read Audubons new climate report, which finds that two-thirds of ... Climate Action Guide The Audubon Guide to Climate Action Feeling like you cant make a difference? That couldnt be further ... Climate Initiative. Audubon taps into peoples love of birds to protect them from climate change ...
Discover the five steps to design and execute a successful climate-led transformation. ... Develop a climate strategy Step 2 Consider teh factors to develop a climate strategy:. - Assess potential climate risks and ... Climate Explore Deloittes thinking - a collective exchange of ideas to inspire genuine action on climate impact and climate ... Commit to a climate aspiration Step 1 To create an agile climate transformation strategy, the first step is to commit to a ...
... on the study of past climate change phenomena, and on climate models. Climate models calculate the effects of natural and ... Climate Change Commentary. (adopted by Council on April 18, 2010). There is a substantial body of peer reviewed scientific ... The uncertainty in the estimates from various climate models for doubling CO2-equivalent concentration is in the range of 1°C ... Greenhouse gas emissions are changing the Earths energy balance on a planetary scale in ways that affect the climate over long ...
Climate Equity Collaborative. Fighting for More Equitable Climate Solutions. While the effects of climate change are ... Confronting Climate Change Climate change is exacerbating many of the environment issues we currently face. It poses a ... Tackling Climate Change. Climate change is the greatest existing threat to American wildlife, wild places, and communities ... Climate Change and Communities. Communities are already feeling the effects of a changing climate. Were helping vulnerable ...
Climate change is real. Its happening. Its accelerating. And its our fault. ... Michael Mann: Yes, we can still stop the worst effects of climate change. Heres why.. By Michael E. Mann published 14 November ... Climate change is raising sea levels, and many low-lying islands are at risk. But determining which communities will be first ... Which islands will become uninhabitable due to climate change first?. By Meg Duff published 12 November 23. ...
Annual climate statement. Highlights PDF Print view. Annual climate statement 2017. Wednesday 10 January 2018. Updated 27 March ... Climate influences from oceans to the east and west of Australia were weak during much of the year, allowing secondary climate ... Accessing Australias climate change datasets. The Bureau collects, manages and safeguards Australias climate archive. Several ... Australias climate in 2017. *Australias third-warmest year on record, with the annual national mean temperature 0.95 °C above ...
Supervising the Earths climate-or at least believing humanity can achieve such miracles-may be the only political project ...
Democracy Now! has long covered the issue of climate change. We reported from the U.N. Climate Change Conferences in Paris, ... 400 Climate Scientists Endorse Call to Halt Fossil Fuels Ahead of Major NYC Climate March. ... The climate crisis, war, attacks on reproductive rights, book bans-these threats arent looming. They are here now. If you ... The climate crisis, war, attacks on reproductive rights, book bans-these threats arent looming. They are here now. If you ...
The Playbook for Climate Action showcases five innovative pathways for reducing emissions and climate impacts. A comprehensive ... The Playbook for Climate Finance We cant tackle climate change through UN COP27 without more funding-here are 5 ways to get it ... The Playbook for Climate Action showcases five innovative pathways for reducing emissions and climate impacts. A comprehensive ... Playbook for Climate Action Pathways for countries and businesses to help address climate change today ...
This work is supported by the National Science Foundation OIA #2149133 and Hawaii EPSCoR- RII Track-1: Change Hawaii: Harnessing the Data Revolution for Island Resilience. ...
Our sustainability and climate services can help you understand the climate change risk to your organisation, and guide you ... Climate Change and Sustainability in Focus: A spotlight on Downer Downer has incorporated climate change in their business ... How you respond to climate risks and opportunities can set the tone for the business for years to come. Our Risk Advisory ... They are focusing on the longer-term climate impact by looking at how to make their current products more efficient, with a ...
What are the links between mental health and climate change? What is eco-anxiety? And how can we go about overcoming this? ... Kris is a Visiting Research Fellow at Kings Department of Neuroimaging and the Director of the UCL Climate Action Unit. ... climate change. According to Kris, the best way to combat eco-anxiety is opening up pathways to action, to give the sense that ...
School Climate & Safety. Student Peer Leadership Can Help Boost School Climate. Sarah D. Sparks. , January 4, 2013 ... School Climate & Safety. School Climate, Discipline, and Safety: Gauging Educator Attitudes. January 4, 2013 ... School Climate & Safety. Suspension, Expulsion Data Cast Harsh Light on Some Schools. Nirvi Shah & Michele McNeil, January 4, ... School Climate & Safety. Social-Emotional Needs Entwined with Students Learning, Security. Sarah D. Sparks. , January 4, 2013 ...
By searching for a location or selecting a climate station on the map above, you can view climate averages for the 30-year ... UK climate averages. Find a forecast. Search for a place, autocomplete also includes a Use my location option and your recent ... Weather & climate Everything you need to know about the forecast, and making the most of the weather. ... Climate averages are also available for earlier periods 1981-2010, 1971-2000 and 1961-1990. The averages are available across a ...
Efficient climate protection requires global commitment. As an internationally active company, we engage in many ways. ... Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders. BASF has been a member of the Alliance of CEO Climate Leaders, a coalition of CEOs under the ... CEO Climate Dialogue (CCD). BASF is a founding member of the CEO Climate Dialogue (CCD), a group of leading companies and NGOs ... UN Caring for Climate. BASF is member of the UN Caring for Climate initiative, the largest global business movement to address ...
How climate risk data can help communities become more resilient Climate Adaptation & Resilience How climate risk data can help ... Climate Policy The poor should control carbon emissions, but the rich must eliminate them Rahul Tongia ...
Nature Climate Change (Nat. Clim. Chang.) ISSN 1758-6798 (online) ISSN 1758-678X (print) ... One way to assess the impact that climate change may have on the future of ecosystems relies on observations of relationships ... These relationships are used to construct models that simulate the future impacts of altered climate variables, assuming that ... suggests that we can have some confidence in extrapolating historical relationships to predict population responses to climate ...
  • The aim of the Peoples' Climate Vote is to connect the public to policymakers - and to provide the latter with reliable information on whether people considered climate change an emergency, and how they would like their countries to respond. (undp.org)
  • We are delighted to share that CACCI presented a breakout session at the Aim for Climate Summit, held from May 8-10, 2023. (constantcontact.com)
  • May 16, 2023 - Important concessions will reduce risks to birds while allowing for wind energy development needed to act on climate. (audubon.org)
  • May 11, 2023 - Climate pollution standards would reduce emissions from power plants to slow global temperature rise. (audubon.org)
  • April 20, 2023 - A plan to raise the nation's debt ceiling would reverse job-creating tax incentives and jeopardize climate and conservation protections. (audubon.org)
  • Danyang joined Nature Climate Change in July 2023. (nature.com)
  • Creative Commons launched the Open Climate Data project in Spring 2023 to facilitate the opening and sharing of large climate datasets and climate data models available around the world. (creativecommons.org)
  • Will 2023 be the year this begins to change thanks to new innovations in climate tech? (forbes.com)
  • During the Argentinian presidency of the G20/B20 process in 2018, BASF co-chaired the task force on Energy, Climate & Resource Efficiency and Sustainability and advocated intensively for ambitious global climate action in this context. (basf.com)
  • The 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report Global Warming of 1.5°C highlighted the grave risks of global warming beyond 1.5°C, the already evident impact of climate change, and the limited time to arrest it. (imf.org)
  • Preparing for the Regional Health Impacts of Climate Change in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • As a coalition of partners dedicated to understanding the impacts of climate change and finding solutions to mitigate its effects, CACCI recognizes the critical importance of this event. (constantcontact.com)
  • Pakistan, the eighth most-affected country due to adverse impacts of climate change, has decided to deal with this threat with a range of measures including environmental-friendly nuclear energy as one of the top options. (com.pk)
  • The inevitable impacts of climate change, alongside the recently passed Inflation Reduction Act, will create the conditions/precedent for a long bull run across the climate tech landscape. (forbes.com)
  • As a student you will receive a close understanding of the intertwined social and biophysical dynamics of both drivers and impacts of climate change, and of the different solutions that are being proposed. (lu.se)
  • Our efforts are centred around five pillars drawing on the OECD's key strengths: 1) supporting policy pathways to net zero 2) enhancing adaptation and building resilience to climate impacts 3) mobilising finance, investment and business action 4) monitoring and measuring progress towards climate ambitions, and 5) multilateral and multi-disciplinary approaches to build co-operation. (oecd.org)
  • Victoria is a social and environmental scientist specialising in climate change risk, adaptation, resilience and disaster risk reduction. (deloitte.com)
  • Victoria has worked across the Asia Pacific Regional developing strategies and frameworks that support cities and communities to build resilience, adapt to climate change, reduce disaster risk and explore nature-based solutions for thriving and sustainable environments. (deloitte.com)
  • She has in-depth experience in government policy and strategy particularly in relation to climate change risk, adaptation, and resilience. (deloitte.com)
  • During the forum, we will hear more from Mayor Jichkar on her plans for environmental protection, climate change mitigation and building climate resilience in Nagpur. (nrdc.org)
  • Tracking data may be used to inform decision-making and policies that can help local communities assess vulnerabilities, estimate the burden, and build overall resilience against the effects of a changing climate. (cdc.gov)
  • The group of African negotiators on climate change are exploring investments in responsiveness and building resilience for better management of the direct and indirect impact of climate change on health. (who.int)
  • We focus on mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions but also connect to adaptation, resilience, social justice and sustainable development in the context of cities, climate and change. (lu.se)
  • For example, Texas' severe winter storms in February 2021 demonstrate how the climate isn't merely warming. (ecowatch.com)
  • The Forum will build on the IMF Climate Change Indicators Dashboard , developed in close collaboration with other international organizations and launched in April 2021. (imf.org)
  • In September 2021, City Council adopted the Austin Climate Equity Plan. (austintexas.gov)
  • Lingxiao joined Nature Climate Change in March 2021. (nature.com)
  • The IPCC's 2021 report documents the rapid acceleration of climate change, dramatically narrowing the window for limiting global warming from 2°C to 1.5°C and underscoring the imperative to reach net zero emissions by 2050. (imf.org)
  • Beyond the short-term, what should be the core statistical framework of a medium- to long-term strategy for sound and sufficiently detailed data to support policymaking in combatting climate change? (imf.org)
  • The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001 glossary definition is as follows: Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the "average weather", or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Global climate models developed by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predict glacial retreat, rises in sea level, and other impacts on human and natural activity, from agriculture to migratory patterns. (rand.org)
  • For more information about how climate change disproportionately affects some communities, visit CDC's webpage on justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) in climate adaptation planning . (cdc.gov)
  • A panel of researchers also facilitated a discussion surrounding the issues Ghana is facing in the implementation of effective climate change adaptation and mitigation. (constantcontact.com)
  • From community science observations to in-depth research from our staff scientists, Audubon applies its cutting-edge science in conservation, mitigation, and adaptation efforts across the United States and into Central and South America, where many of North America's climate-sensitive birds spend their winters. (audubon.org)
  • Alyssa joined Nature Climate Change in mid 2019 and handles manuscripts broadly in the area of climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. (nature.com)
  • Impacts, adaptation, and dynamics - Develops analysis tools and methods for assessing adaptation strategies at the intersection of climate science, energy use, and environmental justice. (ornl.gov)
  • Climate Change Adaptation actors within this field of study. (lu.se)
  • We have created a programme that has synergies between disaster risk management and climate change adaptation because these two areas are strongly interlinked. (lu.se)
  • Magnus Hagelsteen, Programme Director, MSc in Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation. (lu.se)
  • Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation will be at- universityadmissions.se. (lu.se)
  • These data can be used to document changes over place and time, monitor vulnerable areas, and evaluate the results of local climate-adaptation strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • The course also provides an understanding of and an ability to analyse and understand political questions and decision making in relation to climate mitigation and climate adaptation. (lu.se)
  • However, it is also important to understand how trade may be affected by climate change. (worldbank.org)
  • Jasper joined Nature Climate Change in January 2022 after working as an editor at Nature Communications since 2019. (nature.com)
  • The 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano eruption may have contributed to this year's heat, but it's not causing climate change. (livescience.com)
  • USDA first announced details of the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities opportunity in February 2022 . (usda.gov)
  • On September 14, 2022, Secretary Vilsack announced USDA would be investing up to $2.8 billion in 70 selected projects under the first pool of the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities funding opportunity. (usda.gov)
  • The Peoples' Climate Vote is a pillar of the Mission 1.5 campaign launched in 2020 by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and partners, including the University of Oxford, and a number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), to educate people about climate change solutions and ask them about the actions that they think governments should take. (undp.org)
  • During the first day , the Forum will feature empirical and conceptual papers on climate-related topics, particularly on measuring how economic activity is damaging the environment, risks to economic and financial stability, effects on the sustainability of growth, and actions and activities to mitigate or adapt to climate change. (imf.org)
  • Climate change and sustainability have been hot topics for decades, but progress has been painfully slow and the stakes get higher with every year that passes. (forbes.com)
  • The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) describes "climate normals" as "reference points used by climatologists to compare current climatological trends to that of the past or what is considered typical. (wikipedia.org)
  • We share highlights from our partners' work categorized according to the four pillars of the CACCI approach to shine a spotlight on the innovative approaches, transformative outcomes, and collaborative efforts addressing the urgent challenges posed by climate change. (constantcontact.com)
  • To address the challenges posed by climate change to achieve the goals established in the 2015 Paris Agreement, nuclear power has been identified to have great potential to contribute to the 1.5 C climate change/global warming mitigation target. (com.pk)
  • Climate change affects everyone, but the impacts are not felt equally among all communities . (austintexas.gov)
  • The Thornthwaite system, in use since 1948, incorporates evapotranspiration along with temperature and precipitation information and is used in studying biological diversity and how climate change affects it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Climate change is a tangible reality that affects our daily lives. (ornl.gov)
  • Realizing how climate change affects the health sector, there has been a call for climate justice among the stakeholders. (who.int)
  • You will learn about climate variations and climatological processes and how those affects the global and local climate. (lu.se)
  • Many of these factors are already contributing to climate migration, forcing large numbers of people to relocate to other parts of the world in search of better living conditions. (ecowatch.com)
  • Provides data to stakeholders who must prepare community members and infrastructure for risks associated with climate change. (ornl.gov)
  • The EY climate and decarbonization services help businesses respond to the physical and transition risks associated with climate change, as well as advise on how to operate in new markets and regulatory environments related to carbon and renewable energy. (ey.com)
  • While all communities are vulnerable to health effects associated with climate change, not everyone is equally at risk. (cdc.gov)
  • As climate change drives an increase in costly natural disasters, U.S. policymakers need to consider different mitigation policies. (rand.org)
  • We were one of the initial 33 signatories of the Climate Declaration in 2013 urging federal policymakers to tackle climate change. (thenorthface.com)
  • More than 1,000 companies across the country have signed the Declaration, demonstrating to policymakers that the U.S. business community is ready for comprehensive climate change policies. (thenorthface.com)
  • In the context of Germany's G20 presidency a task force of the Business 20 (company representatives of the 20 states) chaired by Kurt Bock, former Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors of BASF, has prepared recommendations on energy, climate and resource efficiency for policymakers. (basf.com)
  • As the world's largest provider of support to countries for NDC design, UNDP has found that a key factor for countries raising levels of climate ambition is popular support for policies that address climate change. (undp.org)
  • Climate data that is open, accessible, and easy to use is critical for those that want to find it, read it and build on it in order to address climate change. (creativecommons.org)
  • BASF is member of the UN Caring for Climate initiative, the largest global business movement to address climate change, endorsed by 400 companies from 60 countries. (basf.com)
  • Uniting forces and mobilizing health arguments and evidence to promote the inclusion of health content into negotiations directly through climate diplomacy channels to transform the climate narrative and contribute to ensuring a healthy, sustainable future for all. (who.int)
  • Local content requirements for renewable energy can increase domestic support for climate policy, but are also a barrier to diffusion. (lu.se)
  • Climate change will continue in the decades ahead, superimposed on natural variability. (www.csiro.au)
  • Understanding the processes responsible for trends and variability of the carbon cycle, and where they occur, provides insight into the future evolution of the carbon sink in a warmer world and the vital role natural ecosystems may play in accelerating or slowing down human-induced climate change", says Anders Ahlström. (lu.se)
  • How does weather and climate variability affect the Middle East in regards to migration, decarbonisation, and food security? (lu.se)
  • Climate variability, drought for example, is nothing new or unexpected for the Middle East. (lu.se)
  • With the onset of the COVID-19 crisis, the Peoples' Climate Vote took on added meaning by providing insight into perceptions about the climate crisis in the context of a global pandemic. (undp.org)
  • As touched upon earlier, it's one thing to be inconvenienced by a lack of romaine lettuce for a couple of weeks or higher coffee bean prices, but reports warn how climate change will continue to threaten global food security, to the point of triggering a worldwide food crisis if temperatures surpass two degrees Celsius. (ecowatch.com)
  • To help address these disparities, we created the plan through the lens of racial equity and attempted to learn from people in our community while exploring solutions to the climate crisis. (austintexas.gov)
  • We're delivering education that empowers students to become future leaders and innovators in our response to the climate crisis. (bath.ac.uk)
  • We're working with schools, the local community, and other organisations to address the climate crisis. (bath.ac.uk)
  • UNODC is leading the narrative on crimes that affect the environment, which contribute to the triple planetary crisis of biodiversity loss, pollution, and climate change. (unodc.org)
  • The side event will explore the role of international regulations and national actions in driving waste management and circular economies in order to respond to the climate crisis. (unodc.org)
  • Global efforts to mitigate climate change must include initiatives to combat crimes that affect the environment as well as the corruption that enables the exploitation of our planet. (unodc.org)
  • More sustainable production would mitigate climate impacts and support more nutritious diets that could prevent close to 11 million premature deaths a year. (who.int)
  • By 2050, in accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement, we're aiming for net-zero CO- 2 emissions 1 . (basf.com)
  • We support the Paris Climate Agreement and are a signatory of the Business Backs Low-Carbon USA statement . (thenorthface.com)
  • Except climate change encompasses a greater realm than just rising temperatures. (ecowatch.com)
  • Trade can help countries adapt to higher average temperatures and more extreme weather events by offering consumers lower-emissions goods and services and facilitating the use of climate-friendly technology. (worldbank.org)
  • Left unchecked, warming temperatures and increased climate threats could affect environmental conditions for half of the birds throughout all of the system's refuges. (audubon.org)
  • The shaded bands are the 10-90% range of the 20-year running mean temperatures simulated from the latest generation of Global Climate Models. (www.csiro.au)
  • This indicator shows modeled county-level data to look at projections of extreme daytime and nighttime temperatures to better understand how our climate is changing. (cdc.gov)
  • Maine Won't Wait is Maine's four-year climate plan packed with actionable strategies and goals to emit less carbon, produce energy from renewable sources and protect our natural resources, communities and people from the effects of climate change. (maine.gov)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/tackle-climate-change/climate-change-stories/africa-forest-carbon-projects-interview/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"Photo of two women in brightly colored African garb handling a mangrove sapling in preparation for planting in Kenya. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/cutting-carbon-with-greener-chainsaws/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"A man walks Chico Zapote logs waiting to be hauled off. (nature.org)
  • Pathways to net-zero carbon emissions - Uses artificial intelligence and high-performance computing to integrate data from diverse sources into regional climate models to determine decarbonization pathways and to inform mitigation strategies and technology development. (ornl.gov)
  • In 2015 we wrote an op-ed , "Washington Must Act on Climate Change," calling for impactful action to address carbon emissions. (thenorthface.com)
  • To offset the emissions from our owned and operated facilities, we invest in Green-E Climate Certified carbon offsets and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) through BEF. (thenorthface.com)
  • She has worked with a diverse range of clients across the public, private and non-government sectors, support them to navigate responses to both the physical risks of climate change and the transition to a low carbon economy including with National and State Governments, businesses, and communities across the Asia Pacific. (deloitte.com)
  • In an open letter published within the UN Global Compact-Accenture CEO study 'A call to climate action', Kurt Bock, CEO of BASF, stressed the importance of a reliable global emission reduction framework as a basis for innovation and investments in future low-carbon technologies. (basf.com)
  • More and more companies and funds will realize that 'climate tech' isn't only 'carbon tech. (forbes.com)
  • Second with soil-as a critical carbon sequestration tool, it is imperative that we support regionalized, regenerative solutions, and this requires climate-first agtech, supply chain tech, and fintech solutions. (forbes.com)
  • Likewise, carbon-intensive economies depend on jobs that may be eliminated in the future to reduce pollution and avert catastrophic climate change. (imf.org)
  • In the absence of strong measures to cut carbon emissions and protect populations from the effects of climate change, rising sea levels will submerge extensive and densely populated coastal areas, including some entire small island nations, by the end of this century. (who.int)
  • Currently, the EU is introducing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAM) as a measure to both protect domestic industry and to "incentivise" EU's trading partners to strengthen their climate ambitions. (lu.se)
  • Border Carbon Adjustments (BCAs) as a basis for a Climate Club? (lu.se)
  • Tropical rainforests have long been considered the Earth's lungs, sequestering large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and thereby slowing down the increasing greenhouse effect and associated human-made climate change. (lu.se)
  • An international study released this week, led by Anders Ahlström, researcher at Lund University and Stanford University, shows that semi-arid ecosystems-savannahs and shrublands-play an extremely important role in controlling carbon sinks and the climate-mitigating ecosystem service they represent. (lu.se)
  • The resultant carbon sink slows down the rate of increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and helps mitigate global climate change, a vital ecosystem service. (lu.se)
  • He later participated in the ASEAN-CRN Knowledge Exchange Event, presenting insights on climate change initiatives and collaboration opportunities among ASEAN-CRN partners, met with researchers at the University of the South Pacific in Fiji to explore collaborations under CACCI Asia, and engaged with USAID Uzbekistan's Agribusiness Development Activity and CACCARI in Central Asia. (constantcontact.com)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/forest-pests-supply-chain-wood-packaging-greenwood/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"A shipping yard with large containers and wood packaging materials. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/canada-natural-climate-solutions-bolster-climate-targets/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"River in foreground with canadian parliament building in background. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/nature-of-innovation-critical-natural-climate-solutions/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"left-top","mobileImageCrop":"left-top","pageImageAlt":"Aerial view of Holmes River, British Columbia. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/climate-potential-natural-regrowth-forests/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"left-top","mobileImageCrop":"left-top","pageImageAlt":"New longleaf pine growth. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/climate-solution-circular-economy/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"left-top","mobileImageCrop":"left-top","pageImageAlt":"TNC works here on ecologically compatible forestry: working with forest landowners to demonstrate the connections between ecosystem health and economic return. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/regenerative-agriculture-food-system-restore-planet/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"Large piles of vegetables on display at a fresh market. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/yes-trees-are-a-viable-climate-solution/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"left-top","mobileImageCrop":"left-top","pageImageAlt":"Planting of new reforestation areas. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/five-solutions-ipcc-climate-change-land-report/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"A colorful sunset in Marin County, California. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/climate-courage-and-the-ambition-we-need-now/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"Collaged illustration showing a brighter future. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/protecting-restoring-mantiqueira-forest-brazil/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"A person in a large straw hat holds a sapling ready to be planted. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/the-soil-science-imperative/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"Chamberlain Farm, California. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/from-climate-agreements-to-action-lessons-from-cop24/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"center-middle","mobileImageCrop":"center-middle","pageImageAlt":"Elizar Samuel Gamara waters plantings under solar panels that generate electricity for a water well pump at the 4,500 acre Kaxil Kiuic Biocultural Reserve. (nature.org)
  • link":"https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/five-reflections-on-the-ipcc-climate-change-report/","target":"_self","desktopImageCrop":"left-top","mobileImageCrop":"left-top","pageImageAlt":"and the 13 other undeveloped barrier islands of the Virginia Coast Reserve help buffer Eastern Shore communities from storms. (nature.org)
  • Use our insights below to prepare for new requirements on climate disclosures and greater scrutiny from auditors, regulators and investors. (ey.com)
  • Before joining the administration, he had been a thought leader on ways the government should regulate the finance industry in response to climate change. (politico.com)
  • To investigate temporal trends in the altitude at which TBE cases occur (altitude for TBE) in Slovakia and TBE response to climate warming, we analyzed the total number of TBE cases recorded for persons in Slovakia during 1961-2004. (cdc.gov)
  • For more information on the health effects of climate change, visit the Third National Climate Assessment's Health Chapter external icon , Fourth National Climate Assessment's Health Chapter external icon , and the USGCRP Climate and Health Assessment external icon . (cdc.gov)
  • These measures were developed through a collaborative project that was funded by the NASA National Climate Assessment (NCA) Program among the following organizations: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • 4. Over 90 per cent of people breathe unhealthy levels of air pollution, largely resulting from burning fossil fuels driving climate change. (who.int)
  • Research suggests that E. Coli bacteria are becoming more common in our food sources as it adapts to climate change. (ecowatch.com)
  • Johan Rockström, Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, will deliver the keynote speech. (imf.org)
  • In this series of webinars, World Bank researchers and external panellists discuss new research and analysis on trade and climate change and the emerging policies and strategies that governments and firms are developing in response, especially on the implications for low-income countries. (worldbank.org)
  • A presentation on Support for the Implementation of NDCs and NAPs in Africa Under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change Through CACCI was given by Dr. Antony Chapoto of the Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute (IAPRI). (constantcontact.com)
  • At the 11th Asian Society of Agricultural Economists International Conference (ASAE) in Tokyo, Japan, Babu delivered an in-person presentation titled Climate Change and Food Systems: From Research to Action , contributing to discussions on sustainable Asian agriculture and food systems. (constantcontact.com)
  • She has handled research manuscripts and review and opinion articles across the entire breadth of physical climate sciences, the marine and aquatic environment, and interdisciplinary articles integrating natural and social science disciplines in the context of climate and global environmental change. (nature.com)
  • He handles research manuscripts in the area of policy and socio-economic dimensions of climate change. (nature.com)
  • He obtained his PhD from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. (nature.com)
  • This work is in addition to our Open Climate Campaign (with our partners SPARC and EIFL) which is focussed on opening up research and research data on climate change. (creativecommons.org)
  • In his remarks, AFIDEP's Executive Director Dr Eliya Zulu underscored the significance of tax justice specific for financing health research, innovation and integrated approaches that would inform a nexus programming to the effects of climate change. (who.int)
  • The CEC has a number of research groups working on different approaches to address environmental and climate challenges. (lu.se)
  • In this week we connect climate action to research, evaluation and innovation. (lu.se)
  • In the journal Science, an international research team - with several researchers affiliated with Lund University - has now shed light on how trade policy can help the climate. (lu.se)
  • Senior researcher Michael Jakob of the Berlin-based climate research institute Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC), has led an international team of experts in analysing how the global trade regime can become more compatible with the climate regime. (lu.se)
  • In the renowned journal Science, an international research team has now shed light on how trade policy can help the climate. (lu.se)
  • Climates can be classified according to the average and typical variables, most commonly temperature and precipitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • A climate normal is defined as the arithmetic average of a climate element (e.g. temperature) over a 30-year period. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aside from collecting from the most common atmospheric variables (air temperature, pressure, precipitation and wind), other variables such as humidity, visibility, cloud amount, solar radiation, soil temperature, pan evaporation rate, days with thunder and days with hail are also collected to measure change in climate conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Read Audubon's new climate report, which finds that two-thirds of North American birds are at increasing risk of extinction from global temperature rise. (audubon.org)
  • The pledge affirms the signatories' strong commitment to a safe and stable climate in which temperature rise is limited to under 2 degrees Celsius and their support to ensuring that the level of ambition set by the agreement is met or exceeded. (basf.com)
  • While there is a global consensus that nuclear energy can play a vital role in reducing the rising global temperature, there is also a contradiction in global powers' policies to deal with climate change. (com.pk)
  • Climate change is major change in temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for many years. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Then there's biodiversity loss, another fallout of climate change that's threatening rainforests and coral reefs and accelerating species extinction. (ecowatch.com)
  • The amount of climate change expected in the next decade or so is similar under all plausible global emissions pathways. (www.csiro.au)
  • and the Amazon basin has tropical climates , mostly with abundant precipitation, along with sub-tropical climates in elevations above 1,550 m (5,090 ft). (wikipedia.org)
  • "THESE REGIONS HAVE SIMILAR CLIMATE CHANGE and precipitation, so comparing their agricultural trends and differences can show how governmental support is influencing farming practices", says Lina. (lu.se)
  • Scientists have been studying the connection between human activity and the effect on the climate since the 1800s, although it took until the 1950s to find evidence suggesting a link. (ecowatch.com)
  • Data integration, dissemination, and informatics - Merges data from diverse sources and distributes them through single portals to a broad range of scientists and stakeholders interested in climate change information. (ornl.gov)
  • Here's where you'll find the latest on the effects of climate change, and the measures that scientists, world leaders and innovators are taking to reduce our harmful impact on the planet and mitigate the damage already done. (livescience.com)
  • We are excited to bring you the latest edition of our newsletter, focusing on the remarkable work being done by CACCI to build evidence-based, actionable plans for NDC implementation to combat climate change in some of the most vulnerable regions of the globe. (constantcontact.com)
  • The freshman lawmaker understands the potential consequences that he and other vulnerable Democrats face for backing a sweeping climate-change bill , and rather than ducking the issue, he's embracing what may have been the toughest vote of his young political career. (politico.com)
  • Experts estimate that about a quarter of Pakistan's land area and half of its population are vulnerable to climate change-related disasters, and several weeks ago Sindh's environment minister said that millions of people across the province face 'acute environmental threats. (foreignpolicy.com)
  • 8. The majority of countries identify health as a priority sector vulnerable to climate change. (who.int)
  • We are building on our long-standing experience in climate-related policies to contribute by supporting the UNFCCC to monitor progress and by supporting countries to implement effective climate action. (oecd.org)
  • The "Conference of the Parties" (COP) is the global decision-making body of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (unodc.org)
  • He reinforced the importance of building political momentum on the global climate change diplomacy and the UNFCCC negotiations to build evidence and arguments that will support Africa's motion and agenda to reshape health preparedness and responsiveness to climate change effects. (who.int)
  • This data is preliminary, for access to the complete period of record of finalized data for this site and more, visit NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Climate Data Online (CDO) . (weather.gov)
  • A number of today's summit events focus on the critical role of women in achieving our collective climate ambitions. (nrdc.org)
  • The climate is changing and we need action now. (austintexas.gov)
  • Successfully implementing the Climate Equity Plan will require collective awareness, action, and participation from all members of the Austin community. (austintexas.gov)
  • In partnership with EcoRise, the Austin Youth Climate Equity Council helps engage area high school students around climate action and the Climate Equity Plan. (austintexas.gov)
  • There are many City of Austin departments working on climate action across the organization. (austintexas.gov)
  • A monthly Net-Zero Hero series on the Sustainable Austin blog tells the stories of regular Ausinities taking action on climate change. (austintexas.gov)
  • Find out about our transformational climate action work as we implement our Climate Action Principles and embrace the concept of 'whole institution' change. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Our 11 Climate Action Framework Principles guide how we respond to the challenge of Climate Change. (bath.ac.uk)
  • We explore our whole institution response on our Climate Action blog . (bath.ac.uk)
  • The Climate Action Steering Group is responsible for governing the University's climate action agenda. (bath.ac.uk)
  • The Climate Action Team help the University to deliver a whole institution response to the challenge of Climate Change. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Our Climate Action graphic represents our whole institution response, both the challenge of a labyrinth and the solution of collective thinking. (bath.ac.uk)
  • We know action on climate change is urgent and we know more needs to be done. (oecd.org)
  • IPAC explores climate action across countries, creating a dedicated space for the exchange of best practices to encourage dialogue and pragmatic solutions towards advancing climate objectives. (oecd.org)
  • This year's Climate Action Monitor continues this work and presents new data sets developed by the Programme to permanently monitor climate impacts by evaluating climate‑related hazards and climate action through a comprehensive climate policy measurement framework. (oecd.org)
  • In this edition, we share upcoming events and showcase the tangible results and inspiring stories that exemplify the power of collective action and the potential for positive change in the face of a rapidly changing climate. (constantcontact.com)
  • The session, titled Innovation for Integrating and Mainstreaming Agriculture in the NDCs, featured a distinguished panel discussing challenges and collaborative efforts in accelerating agricultural innovation and climate action. (constantcontact.com)
  • The GST will help align efforts on climate action, including putting measures in place to bridge the gaps in progress. (unodc.org)
  • Reinforcing the need for strengthening rule-based ocean climate action through continued collaboration, panellists will deliberate on how environmental authorities, maritime actors, technology providers and the justice system can together bring forward recommendations from the conference. (unodc.org)
  • Watch what happens behind the scenes: With every small action BASF takes to change for the climate it's actually the people behind the scenes making climate protection a priority. (basf.com)
  • BASF is a member of the WBCSD and supports the „Climate Action and Policy" project to promote the development of effective global climate protection mechanisms by the interaction of business and political efforts. (basf.com)
  • The High-Level Forum on India Climate Actions at the Global Climate Action Summit will feature women leaders from India. (nrdc.org)
  • Representatives from around the world have gathered in San Francisco this week for the Global Climate Action Summit . (nrdc.org)
  • However, if we do not take action now against climate change, the damage could be even greater and more lasting than the effects of the pandemic. (imf.org)
  • Committing to supporting countries in implementing their pledges under the Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH). (who.int)
  • We target how to support individuals and organisations in developing transformative skills and capacities for climate action in cities. (lu.se)
  • In this week we begin with looking at visions for climate action and the plans or strategies on how to achieve ambitious goals. (lu.se)
  • In this week we explore tools and data for climate action and creating both immediate and long-lasting impacts. (lu.se)
  • In this week we tackle the key challenge of financing climate action and the vital role of partnerships. (lu.se)
  • In this week we delve into community and citizen engagement and how it underpins climate action. (lu.se)
  • Lecture films on the 5 core topics of the course as well as highlights on leading international initiatives on climate action in cities. (lu.se)
  • The course also pursues a number of cross-cutting themes, for example on the unequal dimensions to both climate change responsibility and vulnerability, and a focus on questions of power for understanding the obstacles to, and opportunities for, climate action. (lu.se)
  • Integrative ecosystem science - Captures model-inspired measurements and observations from a range of biomes and biogeochemical processes, leveraging unique ecosystem-scale climate change experiments managed by ORNL. (ornl.gov)
  • Paleoclimatologists seek to explain climate variations for all parts of the Earth during any given geologic period, beginning with the time of the Earth's formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methane emissions from tropical wetlands have been soaring since 2006 and accelerating at the same breakneck speed as when Earth's climate has flipped from a glacial to an interglacial period. (livescience.com)
  • Despite efforts from forward thinkers such as SpaceX Founder Elon Musk to colonize Mars, Earth remains our home for the foreseeable future, and the more human activity negatively impacts the climate, the less habitable it will become. (ecowatch.com)
  • But climate change may also negatively affect trade as extreme weather events raise the cost of trade, by destroying or degrading transport infrastructure and reducing agricultural production. (worldbank.org)
  • We argue that countries need BCAs to enable ambitious domestic climate policies, but that BCA is not a sufficient incentive for club membership. (lu.se)
  • This effort will expand markets for America's climate-smart commodities, leverage the greenhouse gas benefits of climate-smart commodity production, and provide direct, meaningful benefits to production agriculture, including for small and underserved producers. (usda.gov)
  • Appreciating the consequences of the lack of investments in health issues as an impact of climate change and how that resonates with the African continent. (who.int)
  • Which indicators on the economic and financial dimensions of climate change are needed for policymaking? (imf.org)
  • Collectively, we have the ingenuity, human capital and financial resources to avoid the worst consequences of climate change. (oecd.org)
  • The past decade was the hottest on record, and extreme events such as wildfires, hurricanes, and flooding are becoming more frequent and intense.These events and other consequences of climate change, including droughts and sea level rise, pose serious threats to communities, national security, and the economy. (ornl.gov)
  • COP28 is an opportunity to integrate justice responses into the climate agenda, for more comprehensive, impactful and sustainable solutions. (unodc.org)
  • The Climate Change Science Institute (CCSI) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is addressing these challenges by translating data, knowledge, and applied understanding of climate change science into equitable and sustainable solutions for our communities, the nation, and the world. (ornl.gov)
  • Climate leadership by women in India also extends into areas of sustainable development, such as increasing energy access and creating green jobs. (nrdc.org)
  • This course explores how we can design, create and achieve climate neutral and sustainable cities. (lu.se)
  • How can we develop transformative skills and capacities to achieve climate neutral and sustainable cities? (lu.se)
  • In 1982, the WMO agreed to update climate normals, and these were subsequently completed on the basis of climate data from 1 January 1961 to 31 December 1990. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 1961-1990 climate normals serve as the baseline reference period. (wikipedia.org)
  • Climate averages are also available for earlier periods 1981-2010, 1971-2000 and 1961-1990. (metoffice.gov.uk)
  • The recent increase in incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in central and eastern Europe, especially since 1990, has been attributed to climate warming ( 1 - 5 ) or various socioeconomic factors ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Continued positive U.S. engagement in the Arctic Council could be important for balancing the influence of Russia and China, and in moving toward the Biden administration's climate change goals. (rand.org)
  • CACCI's contributions were recognized as a significant step towards meeting these needs, with ongoing efforts to foster innovation and address climate-related goals. (constantcontact.com)
  • The term global warming entered the lexicon in the 1950s, but didn't become a common buzzword until a few decades later when more people started taking notice of a warming climate. (ecowatch.com)
  • Climate change, and the resulting harm to our global biodiversity, has been one of the world's most pressing problems for decades. (creativecommons.org)
  • The Himalaya will be affected by a warming climate in the coming decades. (thenorthface.com)
  • On behalf of World Health Organization (WHO) representative, Ishmael Nyasulu stated that climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity today as it threatens the essential ingredients of good health and has the potential to undermine decades of progress in global health. (who.int)
  • Climate warming in Europe during the past decades has been shown to influence the distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks, the main TBE vector, in several European countries ( 4 , 5 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Solutions to climate change and energy crises already exist: clean, renewable energy, energy efficiency and an end to deforestation. (greenpeace.org)
  • Access to renewable energy sources and energy efficiency deliver better health, greater economic independence, and long-term climate benefits. (nrdc.org)
  • The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, longitude, terrain, altitude, land use and nearby water bodies and their currents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, species are expected to move upwards in elevation or towards the poles in latitude in response to shifting climate zones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main objective of the meeting is to identify common agenda and position for Africa for sustained inclusion of health in the climate change narrative. (who.int)
  • He stated that it is time Africa set its priorities and drove formal and informal discussions critical at this time when the continent has been hit hard by climate change as evidenced by the Cyclone Freddy and other incidents in Malawi and other African countries. (who.int)
  • Using our scientific understanding of the climate system, and advanced computer simulations, we can analyse the causes of past climate changes and explore projected future climate under differing scenarios of human emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols. (www.csiro.au)
  • The G20 states emit around three-quarters of global CO 2 emissions and therefore play a significant role in the implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change. (basf.com)
  • If we are going to tackle our great climate challenge, we have to address the food system, as it accounts for 1/3 of total emissions. (forbes.com)
  • IPAC, among other initiatives, co‑ordinates these actions on climate change. (oecd.org)
  • The various examples of local initiatives display that even in areas with numerous challenges, people can still succeed in combatting climate change while simultaneously helping their communities. (lu.se)
  • Lilongwe- A Regional Summit on Health and Climate Change for the African Region is taking place at BICC in Lilongwe in pursuit of a unified African position on health in climate change negotiations. (who.int)
  • Speaking at the opening of the summit, Minister of Health, Honorable Khumbize Kandodo Chiponda, MP stated there is need to recognize the intersectionality of issues arising from the effects of climate change which does not leave out the health sector. (who.int)
  • Washington's new priority on climate change could be an issue that will now bind, rather than divide, Arctic states. (rand.org)
  • In the Medscape report, 61% of physicians described themselves as "very concerned" or "concerned" about climate change, and about 7 in 10 agreed with the statement that it should be a top worldwide priority. (medscape.com)
  • We've surveyed the open climate data landscape to better understand the permissible uses of existing large climate datasets. (creativecommons.org)
  • But climate change is not a synonym for global warming. (ecowatch.com)
  • As climate impacts are increasingly widespread, rapid, and intensifying, this year the world is at a critical juncture to meet the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels, as committed to in the Paris Agreement . (unodc.org)
  • One of the most imminent threats currently faced by the world is a disruption in the ecosystem due to climate change and global warming. (com.pk)
  • Happy Thursday - How would you grade the Biden administration's approach to addressing climate risks in finance? (politico.com)
  • For some countries, this is the first time they have access to systematically gathered and analysed information on public opinion on climate change and policy solutions. (undp.org)
  • Even for countries that have an understanding of overall public sentiment on climate change, it is often the first time that detailed questions have been asked about policy solutions on this scale. (undp.org)
  • The World Bank is engaged with external partners and academic experts to deepen our understanding of the complex dynamics between trade and climate change, to help us identify the critical solutions required to inform our work with client governments. (worldbank.org)
  • Visit usda.gov/climate-solutions/climate-smart-commodities/projects for details on individual Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities projects grouped by approximate funding ceiling and location. (usda.gov)
  • 7. Health systems are the main line of defence for populations faced with emerging health threats, including from climate change. (who.int)
  • Climate poses many threats to biological, ecological, and societal systems. (cdc.gov)
  • The fact that observations have been tracking within the envelope of projections builds confidence that climate models represent the key processes responsible for the warming trend and therefore these projections were a useful resource for future planning when they were released. (www.csiro.au)
  • Students come from all over the world and from various ac- processes of change such as climate change, urbanisation, ademic disciplines, such as engineering science, social science, and the increasing complexity of modern society poses major political science, natural science and environmental science. (lu.se)
  • RAND researchers have studied and are continuing to examine the effects of climate change, particularly how governments and businesses respond to both observed changes and projected scenarios. (rand.org)
  • Projecting the effects on federal spending and revenue depends on a model that captures important relationships between climate, federal policy, and the economy. (rand.org)
  • Geoengineering is the intentional manipulation of an environmental process on Earth to counteract the effects of climate change. (rand.org)
  • As a high-altitude climber, I have seen the effects of a warmer climate firsthand. (thenorthface.com)
  • Our athletes travel to some of the most remote places on the planet and they have seen firsthand the effects of climate change. (thenorthface.com)
  • In addition, CDC is supporting statistical modeling work to explore the effects of climate features on fungi, their habitats, seasonality, and fungal infections. (cdc.gov)
  • She emphasized on the need for member states to build strong collaborated efforts and create strong actions as the effects of climate change are interlinked in all sectors- women's rights, education, agriculture, finance. (who.int)
  • Having responded to multiple climate change health related events, WHO is aware that without assistance to prepare and respond, weak health systems as is the case in most in developing countries will be the least able to cope with effects of climate change on health," Nyasulu said. (who.int)