Claudin 3. Medical search

A large family of transmembrane proteins found in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. They take part in the formation of paracellular barriers and pores that regulate paracellular permeability.

A ubiquitously-expressed claudin subtype that acts as a general barrier-forming protein in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. Elevated expression of claudin-3 is found in a variety of tumor cell types, suggesting its role as a therapeutic target for specific ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

An integral membrane protein that is localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS, where it plays a role in controlling the paracellular permeability of polarized cells. Mutations in the gene for claudin-1 are associated with Neonatal Ichthyosis-Sclerosing Cholangitis (NISCH) Syndrome.

A claudin subtype that takes part in maintaining the barrier-forming property of TIGHT JUNCTIONS. Claudin-4 is found associated with CLAUDIN-8 in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT where it may play a role in paracellular chloride ion reabsorption.

Cell-cell junctions that seal adjacent epithelial cells together, preventing the passage of most dissolved molecules from one side of the epithelial sheet to the other. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, p22)

A claudin subtype that is found localized to TIGHT JUNCTIONS in VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. The protein was initially identified as one of several proteins which are deleted in VELOCARDIOFACIAL SYNDROME and may play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A MARVEL domain protein that plays an important role in the formation and regulation of the TIGHT JUNCTION paracellular permeability barrier.

A 195-kDa zonula occludens protein that is distinguished by the presence of a ZU5 domain at the C-terminal of the molecule.

A zonula occludens protein subtype found in epithelial cell junctions. Several isoforms of zonula occludens-2 protein exist due to use of alternative promoter regions and alternative mRNA splicings.

A claudin subtype that is associated with the formation of cation-selective channels and increased epithelial permeability. It is localized to the TIGHT JUNCTIONS of the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE and INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM.

A specialized barrier, in the TESTIS, between the interstitial BLOOD compartment and the adluminal compartment of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. The barrier is formed by layers of cells from the VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM of the capillary BLOOD VESSELS, to the SEMINIFEROUS EPITHELIUM of the seminiferous tubules. TIGHT JUNCTIONS form between adjacent SERTOLI CELLS, as well as between the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.

A genus of pufferfish commonly used for research.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.

An inherited renal disorder characterized by defective NaCl reabsorption in the convoluted DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE leading to HYPOKALEMIA. In contrast with BARTTER SYNDROME, Gitelman syndrome includes hypomagnesemia and normocalcemic hypocalciuria, and is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive SODIUM-POTASSIUM-CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.

A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

The U-shaped portion of the renal tubule in the KIDNEY MEDULLA, consisting of a descending limb and an ascending limb. It is situated between the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE and the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE.

Preparation for electron microscopy of minute replicas of exposed surfaces of the cell which have been ruptured in the frozen state. The specimen is frozen, then cleaved under high vacuum at the same temperature. The exposed surface is shadowed with carbon and platinum and coated with carbon to obtain a carbon replica.

Cells of epithelial origin possessing specialized sensory functions. They include cells that are found in the TASTE BUDS; OLFACTORY MUCOSA; COCHLEA; and NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Paired respiratory organs of fishes and some amphibians that are analogous to lungs. They are richly supplied with blood vessels by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly with the environment.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Anchoring points where the CYTOSKELETON of neighboring cells are connected to each other. They are composed of specialized areas of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON attach to the membrane through the transmembrane linkers, CADHERINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to cadherins in the neighboring cell membranes. In sheets of cells, they form into adhesion belts (zonula adherens) that go all the way around a cell.

Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.

A usually benign glandular tumor composed of oxyphil cells, large cells with small irregular nuclei and dense acidophilic granules due to the presence of abundant MITOCHONDRIA. Oxyphil cells, also known as oncocytes, are found in oncocytomas of the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands. In the thyroid gland, oxyphil cells are known as Hurthle cells and Askanazy cells.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Direct contact of a cell with a neighboring cell. Most such junctions are too small to be resolved by light microscopy, but they can be visualized by conventional or freeze-fracture electron microscopy, both of which show that the interacting CELL MEMBRANE and often the underlying CYTOPLASM and the intervening EXTRACELLULAR SPACE are highly specialized in these regions. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p792)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.

The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.

The most common etiologic agent of GAS GANGRENE. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

Phenotypic changes of EPITHELIAL CELLS to MESENCHYME type, which increase cell mobility critical in many developmental processes such as NEURAL TUBE development. NEOPLASM METASTASIS and DISEASE PROGRESSION may also induce this transition.

The portion of renal tubule that begins from the enlarged segment of the ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. It reenters the KIDNEY CORTEX and forms the convoluted segments of the distal tubule.

Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

Membrane-limited structures derived from the plasma membrane or various intracellular membranes which function in storage, transport or metabolism.

A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The mucous membrane lining the RESPIRATORY TRACT, including the NASAL CAVITY; the LARYNX; the TRACHEA; and the BRONCHI tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

Stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the CORNEA. It is smooth and contains many free nerve endings.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.

A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Ca(2+)-independent cell-adhesion activity of claudins, a family of integral membrane proteins localized at tight junctions. (1/114)

In multicellular organisms, various compositionally distinct fluid compartments are established by epithelial and endothelial cellular sheets. For these cells to function as barriers, tight junctions (TJs) are considered to create a primary barrier for the diffusion of solutes through the paracellular pathway [1] [2] [3]. In ultrathin sections viewed under electron microscopy, TJs appear as a series of apparent fusions, involving the outer leaflets of plasma membranes of adjacent cells, to form the so-called kissing points of TJs, where the intercellular space is completely obliterated [4]. Claudins are a family of 16 proteins whose members have been identified as major integral membrane proteins localized exclusively at TJs [5] [6] [7] [8]. It remains unclear, however, whether claudins have the cell-adhesion activity that would explain the unusual intercellular adhesion at TJs. Using mouse L-fibroblast transfectants expressing various amounts of claudin-1, -2 or -3, we found that these claudins possess Ca(2+)-independent cell-adhesion activity. Using ultrathin-section electron microscopy, we observed many kissing points of TJs between adjacent transfectants. Furthermore, the cell-adhesion activity of occludin, another integral membrane protein localized at TJs [9] [10] [11], was negligible when compared with that of claudins. Thus, claudins are responsible for TJ-specific obliteration of the intercellular space. (+info)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fragment removes specific claudins from tight junction strands: Evidence for direct involvement of claudins in tight junction barrier. (2/114)

Claudins, comprising a multigene family, constitute tight junction (TJ) strands. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a single approximately 35-kD polypeptide, was reported to specifically bind to claudin-3/RVP1 and claudin-4/CPE-R at its COOH-terminal half. We examined the effects of the COOH-terminal half fragment of CPE (C-CPE) on TJs in L transfectants expressing claudin-1 to -4 (C1L to C4L, respectively), and in MDCK I cells expressing claudin-1 and -4. C-CPE bound to claudin-3 and -4 with high affinity, but not to claudin-1 or -2. In the presence of C-CPE, reconstituted TJ strands in C3L cells gradually disintegrated and disappeared from their cell surface. In MDCK I cells incubated with C-CPE, claudin-4 was selectively removed from TJs with its concomitant degradation. At 4 h after incubation with C-CPE, TJ strands were disintegrated, and the number of TJ strands and the complexity of their network were markedly decreased. In good agreement with the time course of these morphological changes, the TJ barrier (TER and paracellular flux) of MDCK I cells was downregulated by C-CPE in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provided evidence for the direct involvement of claudins in the barrier functions of TJs. (+info)

Manner of interaction of heterogeneous claudin species within and between tight junction strands. (3/114)

In tight junctions (TJs), TJ strands are associated laterally with those of adjacent cells to form paired strands to eliminate the extracellular space. Claudin-1 and -2, integral membrane proteins of TJs, reconstitute paired TJ strands when transfected into L fibroblasts. Claudins comprise a multigene family and more than two distinct claudins are coexpressed in single cells, raising the questions of whether heterogeneous claudins form heteromeric TJ strands and whether claudins interact between each of the paired strands in a heterophilic manner. To answer these questions, we cotransfected two of claudin-1, -2, and -3 into L cells, and detected their coconcentration at cell-cell borders as elaborate networks. Immunoreplica EM confirmed that distinct claudins were coincorporated into individual TJ strands. Next, two L transfectants singly expressing claudin-1, -2, or -3 were cocultured and we found that claudin-3 strands laterally associated with claudin-1 and -2 strands to form paired strands, whereas claudin-1 strands did not interact with claudin-2 strands. We concluded that distinct species of claudins can interact within and between TJ strands, except in some combinations. This mode of assembly of claudins could increase the diversity of the structure and functions of TJ strands. (+info)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin binds to the second extracellular loop of claudin-3, a tight junction integral membrane protein. (4/114)

Claudins (claudin-1 to -18) with four transmembrane domains and two extracellular loops constitute tight junction strands. The peptide toxin Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) has been shown to bind to claudin-3 and -4, but not to claudin-1 or -2. We constructed claudin-1/claudin-3 chimeric molecules and found that the second extracellular loop of claudin-3 conferred CPE sensitivity on L fibroblasts. Furthermore, overlay analyses revealed that the second extracellular loop of claudin-3 specifically bound to CPE at the K(a) value of 1.0x10(8) M(-1). We concluded that the second extracellular loop is the site through which claudin-3 interacts with CPE on the cell surface. (+info)

Claudin promotes activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated by membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases. (5/114)

Genes associated with regulation of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP)-mediated pro-MMP-2 processing were screened in 293T cells by a newly developed expression cloning method. One of the gene products, which promoted processing of pro-MMP-2 by MT1-MMP was claudin-5, a major component of endothelial tight junctions. Expression of claudin-5 not only replaced TIMP-2 in pro-MMP-2 activation by MT1-MMP but also promoted activation of pro-MMP-2 mediated by all MT-MMPs and MT1-MMP mutants lacking the transmembrane domain (DeltaMT1-MMP). A carboxyl-terminal deletion mutant of pro-MMP-2 (proDeltaMMP-2) was processed to an intermediate form by MT1-MMP in 293T cells and was further converted to an activated form by introduction of claudin-5. In contrast to the stimulatory effect of TIMP-2 on pro-MMP-2 activation by MT1-MMP, activation of pro-MMP-2 by DeltaMT1-MMP in the presence of claudin-5 and proDeltaMMP-2 processing by MT1-MMP were both inversely repressed by expression of exogenous TIMP-2. These results suggest that TIMP-2 is not involved in cluadin-5-induced pro-MMP-2 activation by MT-MMPs. Stimulation of MT-MMP-mediated pro-MMP-2 activation was also observed with other claudin family members, claudin-1, claudin-2, and claudin-3. Amino acid substitutions or deletions in ectodomain of claudin-1 abolished stimulatory effect. Direct interaction of claudin-1 with MT1-MMP and MMP-2 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation analysis. MT1-MMP was co-localized with claudin-1 not only at cell-cell borders, but also at other parts of the cells. TIMP-2 enhanced cell surface localization of MMP-2 mediated by MT1-MMP, and claudin-1 also stimulated it. These results suggest that claudin recruits all MT-MMPs and pro-MMP-2 on the cell surface to achieve elevated focal concentrations and, consequently, enhances activation of pro-MMP-2. (+info)

Expression of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptors claudin-3 and claudin-4 in prostate cancer epithelium. (6/114)

The mRNA for Rvp.1 (rat ventral prostate) increases in abundance before gland involution after androgen deprivation. Rvp.1 is homologous to CPE-R, the high-affinity intestinal epithelial receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), and is sufficient to mediate CPE binding and trigger subsequent toxin-mediated cytolysis. Rvp.1 (claudin-3) and CPE-R (claudin-4) are members of a larger family of transmembrane tissue-specific claudin proteins that are essential components of intercellular tight junction structures regulating paracellular ion flux. However, claudin-3 and claudin-4 are the only family members capable of mediating CPE binding and cytolysis. The present study was designed to study the expression of claudin-3 and claudin-4 in human prostate tissue as potential targets for CPE toxin-mediated therapy for prostate cancer. On human multiple-tissue Northern blot analysis, mRNAs for both claudin-3 and claudin-4 were expressed at high levels in prostate tissue. In normal prostate tissue, expression of claudin-3 was localized exclusively within acinar epithelial cells by in situ mRNA hybridization. Compared with expression within prostate epithelial cells in surrounding normal glandular tissue, expression of claudin-3 mRNA remained high in the epithelium of prostate adenocarcinoma (10 of 10) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (five of five). Prostate adenocarcinoma cells metastatic to bone were obtained from a patient with disease progression during antiandrogen therapy. These metastatic cells were prostate-specific antigen-positive by immunohistochemical staining and also expressed functional CPE receptors as measured by sensitivity to CPE-induced cell lysis. The persistent high level of claudin-3 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma and functional cytotoxicity of CPE in metastatic androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinoma suggests a new potential therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer. (+info)

The renal segmental distribution of claudins changes with development. (7/114)

BACKGROUND: Permeability properties of mammalian nephron are tuned during postnatal maturation. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and complexity of tight junctions (TJs) vary along the different tubular segments, suggesting that the molecules constituting this structure change. We studied the differential expression of occludin and several claudins in isolated renal tubules from newborn and adult rabbits. METHODS: Isolated renal tubules from newborn and adult rabbits were processed for occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-2 immunofluorescence, and Western blot detection of claudin-1 and -2. Claudin-5 was detected in whole kidney frozen sections. RT-PCR from isolated tubules was performed for claudins-1 to -8. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence revealed that occludin, claudin-1 and -2 were present at the cell boundaries at the neonatal stage of development. Claudin-1 was detected in the tighter segments of the nephron (distal and collecting duct), while claudin-2 was found in the leaky portions (proximal). Claudin 5 was found in the kidney vasculature. PCR amplification revealed the presence of claudins-1 to -4 in tubules of newborns. In adults, claudins-1, -2 and -4 were present in proximal, Henle's loop and collecting segments; claudin-3 was in proximal and collecting tubules, while claudins-5 and -6 were absent from all tubular portions. Claudin-7 was restricted to proximal tubules, while claudin-8 was present in proximal and Henle's segments. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of occludin distribution is present from the neonatal age. Claudins-7 and -8 are up-regulated after birth. Each tubular segment expresses a peculiar set of claudins that might be responsible for the permeability properties of their TJs. (+info)

Claudin localization in cilia of the retinal pigment epithelium. (8/114)

Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy we demonstrate that claudin-immunoreactivity is a novel marker for retinal pigment epithelial cilia. Claudin-immunoreactivity obtained by polyclonal anti-claudin 1 antibody, which could crossreact with claudin 3, was colocalized with acetylated tubulin-immunoreactivity in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Claudin-immunoreactivity associated with the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cilia was more intense than was claudin-immunoreactivity in the junctional complex. Approximately two-thirds of the RPE cells in the rat contain cilia that are immunoreactive with acetylated tubulin on postnatal day 1, and a significant portion of these cilia label with the anti-claudin 1 antibody. Cilia decrease in frequency over subsequent postnatal days, and are absent by postnatal day 30. As RPE cilia decrease in number during postnatal rat development, claudin-immunoreactivity is lost earlier than acetylated tubulin, suggesting that the loss of claudin may initiate RPE cilium degeneration. Claudin-immunoreactivity was not evident in cilia of photoreceptor cells, epithelia of nasal mucosa, small intestine, or colon, suggesting that claudin may be a unique molecule in RPE cilia. These data suggest that cilia of the RPE, unlike cilia on other cell types, contain claudin, and that this molecule may play an important and specific role in the function and/or maintenance of RPE cilia. (+info)

Treatment for hypercalciuria typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. In some cases, this may involve medication to lower calcium levels or surgery to remove any kidney stones or tumors that may be contributing to the condition. It is important for individuals with hypercalciuria to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan and monitor their calcium levels regularly.

If you suspect you may have hypercalciuria, it is important to speak with your healthcare provider as soon as possible. They can perform tests to confirm the diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment. With proper treatment, it is possible to manage hypercalciuria and prevent any complications.

The main symptoms of Gitelman syndrome include:

* Muscle weakness and paralysis that can be triggered by changes in potassium levels, stress, or certain medications
* Muscle cramps and twitching
* Fatigue and malaise
* Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
* Low blood pressure
* Constipation

Gitelman syndrome can be diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and genetic analysis. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms with medications such as potassium supplements, salt substitutes, and medications to regulate heart rhythm and blood pressure. In some cases, a gluten-free diet may be recommended.

Gitelman syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the condition. The prevalence of Gitelman syndrome is estimated to be around 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 40,000 individuals worldwide.

Overall, Gitelman syndrome is a rare and complex disorder that requires careful management by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals. With appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications, individuals with Gitelman syndrome can lead relatively normal lives.

Symptoms of nephrocalcinosis may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, frequent urination, and blood in the urine. Diagnosis is typically made through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasound, and blood tests to determine calcium levels and kidney function.

Treatment for nephrocalcinosis depends on the underlying cause of the condition and may include medications to lower calcium levels, dietary changes to reduce calcium intake, and in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as early detection and treatment can help prevent long-term damage to the kidneys.

Examples and Observations:

Oxyphil adenomas are rare in the small bowel (less than 1% of all small intestinal tumors) but are more common in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. They usually manifest as multiple, submucosal nodules that can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. [2]

The presence of oxyphil adenomas in the stomach is rare (less than 1% of all gastric tumors) and most often occurs as multiple, small, submucosal nodules. However, larger adenomas may also be present. [3]

Synonyms: oxyphil cell adenoma; oxyphil cell tumor; oxyphil polyp. [1]

Notes:

* Oxyphil adenomas are often associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Turcot syndrome. [2]

References:

[1] Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Care Professionals. © 2008 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

[2] Oxyphil Adenoma. The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, Professional Edition. © 2015 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

[3] Oxyphil Adenoma. Gastrointestinal Tumors: benign and malignant tumors of the digestive system, including colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, biliary tract cancer, and soft tissue sarcomas. © 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland. All rights reserved. Used with permission.

There are three main types of hearing loss: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem with the middle ear and its ability to transmit sound waves to the inner ear. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when there is damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which can lead to permanent hearing loss. Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

Symptoms of hearing loss may include difficulty hearing speech, especially in noisy environments, muffled or distorted sound, ringing or buzzing in the ears (tinnitus), and difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds. If you suspect you have hearing loss, it is important to seek medical advice as soon as possible, as early treatment can help improve communication and quality of life.

Hearing loss is diagnosed through a series of tests, including an audiometric test, which measures the softest sounds that can be heard at different frequencies. Treatment options for hearing loss include hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other assistive devices, as well as counseling and support to help manage the condition and improve communication skills.

Overall, hearing loss is a common condition that can have a significant impact on daily life. If you suspect you or someone you know may be experiencing hearing loss, it is important to seek medical advice as soon as possible to address any underlying issues and improve communication and quality of life.

The carcinogenesis process of PDAC usually starts with the accumulation of genetic mutations in the pancreatic duct cells, which progressively leads to the formation of a premalignant lesion called PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia). Over time, these lesions can develop into invasive adenocarcinoma, which is PDAC.

The main risk factor for developing PDAC is smoking, but other factors such as obesity, diabetes, and family history of pancreatic cancer also contribute to the development of the disease. Symptoms of PDAC are often non-specific and late-stage, which makes early diagnosis challenging.

The treatment options for PDAC are limited, and the prognosis is generally poor. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, but only a small percentage of patients are eligible for surgical resection due to the locally advanced nature of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies are used to palliate symptoms and improve survival in non-surgical cases.

PDAC is an aggressive and lethal cancer, and there is a need for better diagnostic tools and more effective treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.

The tumor cells are typically small, uniform, and well-differentiated, with a distinct cell border and a central nucleus. The tumor cells are often arranged in a glandular or tubular pattern, which is characteristic of this type of cancer.

Carcinoma, Lewis lung usually affects older adults, with the median age at diagnosis being around 60 years. Men are slightly more likely to be affected than women. The main risk factor for developing this type of cancer is smoking, although it can also occur in people who have never smoked.

The symptoms of Carcinoma, Lewis lung can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, but they may include:

* Chest pain or discomfort
* Coughing up blood
* Shortness of breath
* Fatigue
* Weight loss

If you suspect you may have Carcinoma, Lewis lung or are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

The post Definition of 'Carcinoma, Lewis Lung' in the medical field appeared first on Healthy Life Tips.

There are different types of Breast Neoplasms such as:

1. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors that are made up of glandular and fibrous tissues. They are usually small and round, with a smooth surface, and can be moved easily under the skin.

2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in both breast tissue and milk ducts. They are usually benign and can disappear on their own or be drained surgically.

3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): This is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive breast cancer.

4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): This is the most common type of breast cancer and starts in the milk ducts but grows out of them and invades surrounding tissue.

5. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): It originates in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and grows out of them, invading nearby tissue.

Breast Neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area, skin changes like redness or dimpling, change in size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from the nipple, and changes in the texture or color of the skin.

Treatment options for Breast Neoplasms may include surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.

It is important to note that not all Breast Neoplasms are cancerous; some are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that do not spread or grow.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common type of malignant pancreatic neoplasm and accounts for approximately 85% of all pancreatic cancers. It originates in the glandular tissue of the pancreas and has a poor prognosis, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are less common but more treatable than pancreatic adenocarcinoma. These tumors originate in the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas and can produce excess hormones that cause a variety of symptoms, such as diabetes or high blood sugar. PNETs are classified into two main types: functional and non-functional. Functional PNETs produce excess hormones and are more aggressive than non-functional tumors.

Other rare types of pancreatic neoplasms include acinar cell carcinoma, ampullary cancer, and oncocytic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors are less common than pancreatic adenocarcinoma and PNETs but can be equally aggressive and difficult to treat.

The symptoms of pancreatic neoplasms vary depending on the type and location of the tumor, but they often include abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, and fatigue. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of imaging tests such as CT scans, endoscopic ultrasound, and biopsy. Treatment options for pancreatic neoplasms depend on the type and stage of the tumor but may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these.

Prognosis for patients with pancreatic neoplasms is generally poor, especially for those with advanced stages of disease. However, early detection and treatment can improve survival rates. Research into the causes and mechanisms of pancreatic neoplasms is ongoing, with a focus on developing new and more effective treatments for these devastating diseases.

Claudin, Philippe; Andreotti, Bruno (2006). "A scaling law for aeolian dunes on Mars, Venus, Earth, and for subaqueous ripples ... 58 (2-3): 323-336. doi:10.7202/013146ar. ISSN 1492-143X. Silvestro, S.; Chojnacki, M.; Vaz, D. A.; Cardinale, M.; Yizhaq, H.; ... 19 (3-4): 173-210. Bibcode:1972Sedim..19..173W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1972.tb00020.x. ISSN 0037-0746. Cooper, William S. ( ... 81 (3-4): 440-452. Bibcode:2006Geomo..81..440B. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.023. ISSN 0169-555X. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_aeolian_ridges

Bordiec, M.; Carpy, S.; Bourgeois, O.; Herny, C.; Massé, M.; Perret, L.; Claudin, P.; Pochat, S.; Douté, S. (1 December 2020 ... This sublimation occurs at rates of 3-350 centimetres per year (1.2-137.8 in/year) snow water equivalent and is balanced by ice ... 2020, p. 3. Bintanja 1999, p. 346. Bintanja 1999, p. 347. Bintanja 1999, p. 344. Bintanja 1999, p. 355. Winter, Kate; Lombardi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-ice_area

Ernstson, K.; Claudin, F.; Schüssler, U.; Hradil, K. (2002). "The mid-Tertiary Azuara and Rubielos de la Cérida paired impact ... ISBN 978-3-319-13093-4. Fried Egg Amos, J (2009) 'Fried Egg' may be impact crater BBC News. Garet El Lefet Roger Weller. Garet ... 50 (3): 199-223. Mahuika Abbott, D.H., A. Matzen, E.A. Bryant, and S.F. Pekar (2003). Did a bolide impact cause catastrophic ... 219 (3-4): 221-238. Schulz, P.H.; Zárate, M.; Hames, B.; Harris, R.S.; Bunch, T.; Koeberl, C.; Renne, P.; Wittke, J. (2006). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_possible_impact_structures_on_Earth

ISBN 978-84-7222-878-8. Azcárate, Manuel; Fernando Claudin (1979). Marc Abeles; Charles-Albert Ryng (eds.). L'Europe de ... ISBN 978-84-336-0193-3. Azcárate, Manuel (1982). preface. Le Mouvement communiste à la croisée des chemins. By Schaff, Adam (in ... ISBN 2-7071-1102-3. Azcárate, Manuel (1980). Interrogantes ante la izquierda (in Spanish). Marc Abeles, Charles-Albert Ryng, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Azcárate

The name claudin comes from Latin word claudere ("to close"), suggesting the barrier role of these proteins. A recent review ... A Chimeric Claudin was synthesized to help enhance the understanding of both the structure and function of the tight junction. ... All human claudins (with the exception of Claudin 12) have domains that let them bind to PDZ domains of scaffold proteins. The ... There are 23 genes found in the human genome for claudin proteins and there are 27 transmembrane domains across mammals. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudin

Claudin 3, also known as CLDN3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CLDN3 gene. It is a member of the claudin ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN3 claudin 3". Coyne CB, Gambling TM, Boucher RC, Carson JL, Johnson LG (Nov 2003). "Role of claudin ... The protein encoded by this intron-less gene, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component ... Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9Z0G9 (Mouse Claudin-3) at the PDBe-KB. Kniesel U ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN3

Claudin-19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN19 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. Claudin-19 has been ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN19 claudin 19". Naeem, M.; Hussain, S.; Akhtar, N. (2011). "Mutation in the Tight-Junction Gene Claudin 19 ( ... 2006). "Kidney claudin-19: localization in distal tubules and collecting ducts and dysregulation in polycystic renal disease". ... Tsukita S, Furuse M (2003). "Claudin-based barrier in simple and stratified cellular sheets". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN19

Claudin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN11 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins and was the first ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN11 claudin 11 (oligodendrocyte transmembrane protein)". Gow A, Southwood CM, Li JS, Pariali M, Riordan GP, ... The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the claudin family of tight junction associated proteins and is a major component ... Tiwari-Woodruff SK, Buznikov AG, Vu TQ, Micevych PE, Chen K, Kornblum HI, Bronstein JM (April 2001). "OSP/claudin-11 forms a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN11

Claudin domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDND1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: CLDND1 claudin domain containing 1". Human CLDND1 genome location and CLDND1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... 56 (3): 307-17. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.01.016. PMID 17316888. Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, et al. (2007). "Signal sequence ... doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00507-3. PMID 12036590. Zhang QH, Ye M, Wu XY, et al. (2001). "Cloning and Functional Analysis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDND1

It caused by mutations in the Claudin 1 gene. Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; ... Only 5 cases from 3 families worldwide have been described in medical literature. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_ichthyosis–sclerosing_cholangitis_syndrome

Claudin, F., Ernstson, K., Rampino, M.R., and Anguita, F. 2001. Striae, polish, imprints, rotated fractures, and related ... Ernstson, K., Claudin, F., Schüssler, U., Anguita, F. and Ernstson, T. 2001. Impact melt rocks, shock metamorphism, and ... cite web}}: Missing or empty ,title= (help) Ernstson, K., Claudin, F., Schüssler, U. & Hradil, K. (2002): The mid-Tertiary ... 1], Ernstson, K., Schüssler, U., Claudin, F., and Ernstson, T. (2003). An impact crater chain in northern Spain. Meteorite, 9, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubielos_de_la_Cérida_impact_structure

Beeman N, Webb PG, Baumgartner HK (February 2012). "Occludin is required for apoptosis when claudin-claudin interactions are ... 73 (3): 222-31. PMID 9243183. Haskins J, Gu L, Wittchen ES, Hibbard J, Stevenson BR (April 1998). "ZO-3, a novel member of the ... 3 (2): e273. doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.14. PMC 3288343. PMID 22361748. Osanai M, Murata M, Nishikiori N, Chiba H, Kojima T, Sawada ... 30 (3): 1234-46. doi:10.1096/fj.15-277673. PMC 4750406. PMID 26601824. Furuse M, Hirase T, Itoh M, Nagafuchi A, Yonemura S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occludin

"Entrez Gene: CLDN18 claudin 18". Niimi T, Nagashima K, Ward JM, et al. (2001). "claudin-18, a Novel Downstream Target Gene for ... Claudin 18.2) is abundant in gastric tumors. Experimental antibody IMAB362 targets Claudin 18.2 to help treat gastric cancers. ... Claudin-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN18 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. CLDN18 belongs to ... Tsukita S, Furuse M (2003). "Claudin-based barrier in simple and stratified cellular sheets". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN18

"Entrez Gene: CLDN4 claudin 4". Ohta Y, Sasaki Y, Saito M, Kushima M, Takimoto M, Shiokawa A, Ota H (2013). "Claudin-4 as a ... Claudin 4, also known as CLDN4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CLDN4 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins ... Claudin 4 can also be used as a marker for distinguishing malignant mesothelioma from lung cancer and uterine serous carcinoma ... Ohta Y, Sasaki Y, Saito M, Kushima M, Takimoto M, Shiokawa A, Ota H (2013). "Claudin-4 as a marker for distinguishing malignant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN4

Claudin-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN5 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. This gene encodes a ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN5 claudin 5 (transmembrane protein deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome)". Coyne CB, Gambling TM, Boucher RC, ... Kojima S, Rahner C, Peng S, Rizzolo LJ (2002). "Claudin 5 is transiently expressed during the development of the retinal ... Tsukita S, Furuse M (2002). "Claudin-based barrier in simple and stratified cellular sheets". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN5

Claudin-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN7 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. Claudins, such as ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN7 claudin 7". Human CLDN7 genome location and CLDN7 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Kniesel U, ... 2005). "Claudin-1 is a strong prognostic indicator in stage II colonic cancer: a tissue microarray study". Mod. Pathol. 18 (4 ... 2003). "Loss of the tight junction protein claudin-7 correlates with histological grade in both ductal carcinoma in situ and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN7

The WT mice were shown to have lower claudin-5 and occludin levels than the KO mice after TBI. Claudin and occludin are ... Furuse M, Fujita K, Hiiragi T, Fujimoto K, Tsukita S (Jun 1998). "Claudin-1 and -2: novel integral membrane proteins localizing ... Both the WT and KO tissues showed a drop in claudin-5, occludin, and laminin-α1 (a basal lamina protein), suggesting that MMP-3 ... "Size-selective loosening of the blood-brain barrier in claudin-5-deficient mice". The Journal of Cell Biology. 161 (3): 653-60 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP3

"Entrez Gene: CLDN1 claudin 1". Coyne CB, Gambling TM, Boucher RC, Carson JL, Johnson LG (Nov 2003). "Role of claudin ... Claudin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN1 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. Tight junctions ... The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight ... Miyamori H, Takino T, Kobayashi Y, Tokai H, Itoh Y, Seiki M, Sato H (2001). "Claudin promotes activation of pro-matrix ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN1

In mice, Claudin-5 loss during development is lethal and results in size-selective loosening of the BBB. The blood-brain ... February 2018). "claudin 5". Biology Open. 7 (2): bio030494. doi:10.1242/bio.030494. PMC 5861362. PMID 29437557. Abbott NJ, ... May 2003). "Size-selective loosening of the blood-brain barrier in claudin-5-deficient mice". The Journal of Cell Biology. 161 ... such as Claudin-5), junctional adhesion molecule (such as JAM-A). Each of these tight junction proteins is stabilized to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood–brain_barrier

cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty ,title= (help) A. Claudin, The first Paris press; an account of the books printed for G. ... ISBN 3-88309-035-2. (in German) Information und Kommunikation in Geschichte und Gegenwart This article incorporates text from a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heynlin

Claudin-16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN16 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. Tight junctions ... The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the claudin family, is an integral membrane protein and a component of tight ... 2004). "A Novel Claudin 16 Mutation Associated with Childhood Hypercalciuria Abolishes Binding to ZO-1 and Results in Lysosomal ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN16 claudin 16". "Salmonella infection data for Cldn16". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. "Citrobacter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN16

... claudin-2, claudin-6, claudin-7 and occludin) and transcription factors (including GATA4). Changes in the expression of claudin ... Paschoud S, Bongiovanni M, Pache JC, Citi S (September 2007). "Claudin-1 and claudin-5 expression patterns differentiate lung ... Guillemot L, Citi S (August 2006). "Cingulin regulates claudin-2 expression and cell proliferation through the small GTPase ... Together with paracingulin, cingulin also was reported to regulate claudin-2 expression through RhoA-dependent and independent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulin

Nevertheless, another sources document existence of mTEC unipotent progenitors that express claudin 3 and 4 (Cld3/4). These two ... "Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin". Nature ... 3 (5): 383-91. doi:10.1038/nri1085. PMID 12766760. S2CID 28321309. Kurobe H, Liu C, Ueno T, Saito F, Ohigashi I, Seach N, ... 41 (3): 414-426. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.08.007. PMC 4175925. PMID 25220213. Kroger CJ, Spidale NA, Wang B, Tisch R (January ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medullary_thymic_epithelial_cells

"Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin". Nature ... 3 (5): 383-391. doi:10.1038/nri1085. ISSN 1474-1733. PMID 12766760. S2CID 28321309. Ueno, Tomoo; Saito, Fumi; Gray, Daniel H. D ... 15 (3): 1101-1111. doi:10.1091/mbc.e03-09-0704. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 363084. PMID 14699058. Feng, Yuchen; He, Ding; Yao, Zhiyuan ... 8 (3): 304-311. doi:10.1038/ni1438. ISSN 1529-2908. PMID 17277780. S2CID 7775843. Sekai, Miho; Hamazaki, Yoko; Minato, Nagahiro ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_thymic_epithelial_cells

... claudin-7, CD44 variant isoforms, and tetraspanins promotes colorectal cancer progression". Molecular Cancer Research. 5 (6): ... 38 (3): 577-88. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50376. PMID 12939584. S2CID 46013740. Kuhn S, Koch M, Nübel T, Ladwein M, Antolovic D, ... doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. Serru V, Le Naour F, Billard M, Azorsa DO, Lanza F, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSPAN8

This allows the human claudin-3,4,6,7,8 and 14 to bind but not 1,2,5, and 10. The way the protein work is it destroys the cell ... Van Itallie CM, Betts L, Smedley JG, McClane BA, Anderson JM (January 2008). "Structure of the claudin-binding domain of ... This mechanism is mediated by host claudin-3 and claudin-4 receptors, situated at the tight junctions. Clostridium enterotoxin ... "Expression of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptors claudin-3 and claudin-4 in prostate cancer epithelium". Cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_enterotoxin

"Entrez Gene: CLDN9 claudin 9". Higashi AY, Higashi T, Furuse K, Ozeki K, Furuse M, Chiba H (Nov 2021). "Claudin-9 constitutes ... 2007). "Claudin-6 and claudin-9 function as additional coreceptors for hepatitis C virus". J. Virol. 81 (22): 12465-71. doi: ... Claudin-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN9 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. This gene is expressed ... Tsukita S, Furuse M (2003). "Claudin-based barrier in simple and stratified cellular sheets". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN9

Nelson, Kevin S.; Furuse, Mikio; Beitel, Greg J. (2010-04-20). "The Drosophila Claudin Kune-kune Is Required for Septate ... 4 (3): 225-36. doi:10.1038/nrm1055. PMID 12612641. S2CID 33852309. Faivre-Sarrailh C, Banerjee S, Li J, Hortsch M, Laval M, ... 66 (3): 451-64. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(81)90009-x. PMID 1651169. S2CID 36350430. Ward, Robert E.; Lamb, Rebecca S.; Fehon, ... 185 (3): 831-839. doi:10.1534/genetics.110.114959. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 2907205. PMID 20407131. Wu VM. Sinuous and varicose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septate_junction

Patients with ALS have been found to have decreased expression of certain proteins, like ZO-1 or claudin-5, that weaken the ... "Involvement of Claudin-11 in Disruption of Blood-Brain, -Spinal Cord, and -Arachnoid Barriers in Multiple Sclerosis." Molecular ... 159(3):576-582. Chan GN, Evans RA, Banks DB, Mesev EV, Miller DS, Cannon RE. Selective induction of P-glycoprotein at the CNS ... 41(3):60-63. doi: 10.18773/austprescr.2018.022. Epub 2018 Jun 1. PMID 29921999; PMCID: PMC6003018. Li HL, Huang Y, Zhou YL, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood-Spinal_Cord_Barrier

"Stalin and the Second World War" - Fernando Claudin 11. "The First Breach: The Excommunication of Yugoslavia" - Josip Tito 12 ... 1. "Social Relations in the Soviet Union" - Leon Trotsky 2. "The 'Professional Dangers' of Power - Christian Rakovsky 3. "What ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stalinist_Legacy

ISBN 2710330733 Eugène de Mirecourt, Méry (1858) Text online Gustave Claudin, Méry : sa vie intime, anecdotique et littéraire ( ... 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 448. Méry, The Tower of Destiny, ISBN 978-1-61227-101-9. Works by Joseph Méry at ... Histoire des femmes mythologiques, with Louis-Françoi Rabans (1851) Salons et souterrains de Paris (3 volumes, 1851) Trafalgar ... comedy in 3 acts and in verse, Paris, Théâtre de l'Odéon, 4 April 1848: Le Vrai Club des femmes, comedy in 2 acts, in verse, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Méry

These complexes, formed primarily of members of the claudin and the occludin families, consist of about 35 different proteins, ... 124 (1): 3-22. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.038. ISSN 0091-6749. PMC 4266989. PMID 19560575. Bennett, M. V.; Barrio, L. C.; ... 6 (3): 305-320. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90241-q. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 1848077. S2CID 33441056. Nekrasova, Oxana; Green, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_epithelium

Claudin-12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN12 gene. It belongs to the group of claudins. GRCh38: Ensembl ... "Entrez Gene: CLDN12 claudin 12". Human CLDN12 genome location and CLDN12 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Kniesel ... 2001). "claudin-18, a novel downstream target gene for the T/EBP/NKX2.1 homeodomain transcription factor, encodes lung- and ... Tsukita S, Furuse M (2003). "Claudin-based barrier in simple and stratified cellular sheets". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLDN12

... is concentrated at tight junctions through its possible interaction with claudin-1 and junctional adhesion molecule". The ... 1 (3): 287-92. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMC 1083732. PMID 11256614. Ebnet K, Suzuki A, Horikoshi Y, Hirose T, Meyer Zu ... 154 (3): 491-7. doi:10.1083/jcb.200103047. PMC 2196413. PMID 11489913. Hamazaki Y, Itoh M, Sasaki H, Furuse M, Tsukita S (Jan ... 114 (Pt 3): 539-47. doi:10.1242/jcs.114.3.539. PMID 11171323. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F11_receptor

... has overexpressed HER2/neu Normal breast-like Claudin-low: a more recently described class; often triple-negative, but distinct ... 3] Archived 26 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine Ravdin PM, Siminoff LA, Davis GJ, Mercer MB, Hewlett J, Gerson N, et al. ( ... 11 (3): 359-77. doi:10.1038/bjc.1957.43. PMC 2073885. PMID 13499785. Genestie C, Zafrani B, Asselain B, Fourquet A, Rozan S, ... 8-9 Grade 3 tumor (poorly differentiated). Worst prognosis. Lower-grade tumors, with a more favorable prognosis, can be treated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer_classification

Claudin E is a molecule found in tight junctions that appears to be expressed in the EVL and required for normal zebrafish ... "The tight junction component claudin E is required for zebra fish epiboly". Developmental Dynamics. 239 (2): 715-722. doi: ... 206 (3): 381-426. doi:10.1002/jez.1402060310. PMID 568653. L. Solnica-Krezel; W. Driever (1994-09-01). "Microtubule arrays of ... 5 (3): e1000413. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000413. PMC 2652113. PMID 19282986. Solnica-Krezel L (March 2005). "Conserved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiboly

Markov AG, Falchuk EL, Kruglova NM, Radloff J, Amasheh S (January 2016). "Claudin expression in follicle-associated epithelium ... 142 (3): 592-601.e3. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.11.039. PMID 22155637. Bonnardel J, Da Silva C, Henri S, Tamoutounour S, Chasson ... p. 3. Grew called Peyer's patches pancreas intestinale. There were many earlier names for Peyer's patches: Todd, Robert Bentley ... 8 (3): 180-5. doi:10.1097/00054725-200205000-00004. PMID 11979138. S2CID 22514793. Jung C, Hugot JP, Barreau F (September 2010 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyer's_patch

Claudin de Sermisy, Thomas Crecquillon, Domenico Ferrabosco, Jean de Latre, Jacquet de Berchem, Jakob Meiland, Alexander ... ISBN 3-7751-0440-2. "RISM entry for Ms. 300 R/Vv,123". Répertoire International des Sources Musicales. Retrieved 2 June 2016. ... 3. Musica Iagellonica. ISBN 978-83-7099-161-6. Rauschning, Hermann (1931). Geschichte der Musik und Musikpflege in Danzig. ... ISBN 3-7957-0531-2. Beckmann, Klaus (2001). Repertorium Orgelmusik 1150-2000 (in German). Vol. 1. Schott Musik International. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gdańsk_Tablature

Claudin, P; Andreotti, B (2006). "A scaling law for aeolian dunes on Mars, Venus, Earth, and for subaqueous ripples". Earth and ... Retrieved December 3, 2012. Yen, A.S.; Kim, S.S.; Hecht, M.H.; Frant, M.S.; Murray, B. (2000). "Evidence that the reactivity of ... Even the 2001 global dust storms on Mars moved only the equivalent of a very thin dust layer - about 3 µm thick if deposited ... The Martian atmospheric dust particles are generally 3 µm in diameter. It is important to note that while the atmosphere of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian_soil

"Systems Proteomics View of the Endogenous Human Claudin Protein Family". Journal of Proteome Research. 15 (2): 339-359. doi: ... 3 (6): 1234-42. doi:10.1021/pr049882h. PMID 15595733. Fenyo, D.; Phinney, B. S.; Beavis, R. C. (2007). "Determining the Overall ... 15 (3): 983-990. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01018. ISSN 1535-3893. PMID 26842767. McAfee, Alison; Harpur, Brock A.; Michaud, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Beavis

Claudin de Sermisy, French composer (b. 1495) October 18 - Anne d'Alençon, French noblewoman (b. 1492) November 7 - Maldeo ... ISBN 978-3-8228-1699-8. Vignola. Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture, translated with an introduction by Branko Mitrovic. ... ISBN 0-926494-16-3. "Charles Emmanuel I , duke of Savoy , Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved March 10, 2022. David Ewen ... February 3 - Georg Giese, German merchant (b. 1497) May 4 - Lelio Sozzini, Italian Protestant theologian (b. 1525) July 1 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1562

"Claudin-1 overexpression effect on lung adenocarcinoma cell line". NCBI GEO Profiles. Retrieved 4 May 2015. Vandepoele K, Van ... 10 (3): e1004241. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004241. PMC 3961203. PMID 24651471. Vandepoele K, Andries V, Van Roy N, Staes K, ... 91 (3): 444-54. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.07.016. PMC 3511999. PMID 22901949. "NCBI BLAST". NCBI. Retrieved 4 May 2015. Hedges SB ... 3 (5): e2207. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2207V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002207. PMC 2386287. PMID 18493581. Burkhard P, Stetefeld ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBPF1

In the 16th century, Claudin de Sermisy set the psalm. In the 17th century, Henry Dumont set this psalm for La Chapelle Royale ... Schürer, Emil; Vermes, Geza; Millar, Fergus (2014). The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ: Volume 3.i. A& ... Retrieved 3 April 2018. Scherman, Rabbi Nosson (1985). The Complete Artscroll Machzor - Rosh Hashanah (1st ed.). Mesorah ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalm_103

... is concentrated at tight junctions through its possible interaction with claudin-1 and junctional adhesion molecule". J. Biol. ... 27 (3): 390-404. doi:10.2164/jandrol.05166. PMID 16452527. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M ( ... J. 361 (Pt 3): 525-36. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3610525. PMC 1222335. PMID 11802782. Ullmer C, Schmuck K, Figge A, Lübbert H (1998 ... J. 361 (Pt 3): 525-36. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3610525. PMC 1222335. PMID 11802782. Poliak S, Matlis S, Ullmer C, Scherer SS, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPDZ

Paris : A. Claudin, 1865 Google books (Articles containing French-language text, Articles with ISNI identifiers, Articles with ... Acta Musicologica 36/2/3 (1964), p. 177-182. A. Maugars: Response to an Inquisitive Person on the Italian Feeling about Music ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/André_Maugars

2 January 2020). "An RNA vaccine drives expansion and efficacy of claudin-CAR-T cells against solid tumors". Science. 367 (6476 ... "Claudin-18 splice variant 2 is a pan-cancer target suitable for therapeutic antibody development". Clinical Cancer Research. 14 ... Plus CAPOX Compared With Placebo Plus CAPOX as First-line Treatment of Subjects With Claudin (CLDN) 18.2-Positive, HER2- ... M Diken; S Kreiter; A Selmi; C M Britten; C Huber; Ö Türeci; Uğur Şahin (3 March 2011). "Selective uptake of naked vaccine RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uğur_Şahin

Van Itallie CM, Mitic LL, Anderson JM (July 2012). "SUMOylation of claudin-2". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1258 ... 2 (3): e23931. doi:10.4161/jkst.23931. PMC 3772101. PMID 24069549. Morales JK, Falanga YT, Depcrynski A, Fernando J, Ryan JJ ( ... 25 (3): 112-4. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01537-6. PMID 10694879. Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG (January 2000). "The coregulator ... 7 (3): e32777. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...732777L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032777. PMC 3296744. PMID 22412924. "FDA Press Release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_inhibitor_of_activated_STAT

"Tradition and Imitation in Pierre Certon's Déploration for Claudin de Sermisy". Revue de Musicologie. 85 (1): 29-62. doi: ... 85 (3): 567-591. doi:10.1017/S0038713410001302. JSTOR 27866936. S2CID 162617845. Magnan, Robert (1993). "Eustache Deschamps and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Andrieu

... expression is significantly increased after the overexpression of claudin-1 in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Claudin ... C11orf49 expression is significantly increased after the overexpression of Claudin-1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. C11orf49 ... Table 3. Predicted phosphorylation sites for the C11orf49 human protein. The C11orf49 protein is predicted to be sumoylated at ... This results in a distinct N-terminus and a missing internal region near the 3' terminus compared to variant 2. Variants 6 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C11orf49

... as well as production of epithelial proteins such as desmoplakin and claudin, and activate the expression of vimentin and ... In this case, a decrease in the expression of Snail and the matrix metalloproteinase 3, 10, 12 and 13 genes and an increase in ... 3) increase in and stabilization of the activity of small GTPase RhoA and its ROCK effector. A study by S. Berton's group ... 3) assembly of focal contacts, which is based on integrin-mediated interactions, and activation of proteolytic enzymes (matrix ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_(cancer)

Between Guillaume Du Fay and Claudin de Sermisy, Binchois was the most prolific and important French composer of songs. The ... Mario Giuseppe Genesi, "Identified a secular 3-male voice chanson in a tapestry work of the Piacenza Collegio Alberoni XVth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Busnois

Claudin, Paris 1879. Fourteenth-Century Mercenaries. Sumption, Jonathan (1999). Trial by Fire. London: Faber and Faber. p. 359 ... pp523-4,532-3 (Articles with VIAF identifiers, Articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, 1366 deaths, People of the Hundred Years' ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnaud_de_Cervole

... have increased blood-brain barrier permeability due to decreased expression of tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5 ... 64 (3): 546-551. doi:10.1093/jac/dkp221. PMID 19561147. Hsu, Shang-Te D.; Breukink, Eefjan; Tischenko, Eugene; Lutters, Mandy A ... doi:10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_22. ISBN 978-3-642-38006-8. ISSN 0927-3042. PMC 4121395. PMID 24114492. Tanoue, Takeshi; Morita, ... As a result, the intestinal epithelial cells express chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and Beta defensin 3. CCL20 and Beta-defensin 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_symbiosis_and_immunity

"A transgenic zebrafish model for the in vivo study of the blood and choroid plexus brain barriers using claudin 5". Biology ... 135 (3): 387-407. doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1812-4. PMID 29428972. Moos, T (November 2002). "Brain iron homeostasis". Danish ... 3-Dimensional images of choroid plexus (marked red) "Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus

Claudin-3 has been found to be required for the normal development of the neural retina and its vessels in zebrafish in our ... The protein levels of Claudin-3, VEGF-A and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were evaluated by Western blot at P7, P10 and P14. We ... Claudin-3 knockdown increased RGC apoptosis and reduced the expression of VEGF-A and Bcl-2 in the retinas. These results ... The effect of AAV-mediated downregulation of Claudin-3 on the development of mouse retinal vasculature.. Cao, Di; Li, Jing; ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/pt/mdl-34774487

... subunit and claudin-8 expression. This coupling may play an important role in preventing the backflow of reabsorbed solutes and ... C) Representative immunoblots showing the effect of Dox treatment on γ-ENaC, claudin-4, claudin-7, claudin-8, and ZO-1 protein ... A) Representative immunoblots showing the effect of claudin-8 silencing and Dox treatment on claudin-8, claudin-4, and ZO-1 ... Claudin-4, claudin-7, claudin-8, and ZO-1 mRNA level assessed by real-time PCR. ( ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=32245797

... Dive into the research topics of Tight junction proteins claudin-3 and claudin-4 are frequently overexpressed in ovarian ...

https://pure.johnshopkins.edu/en/publications/tight-junction-proteins-claudin-3-and-claudin-4-are-frequently-ov-3/fingerprints/

The rate of bile duct injury is approximately 3 cases per 1000 procedures. ... disofenin hepatobiliary imaging with the ingestion of 3 mL corn oil emulsion after gallbladder filling, and calculating the ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/172013-overview%E2%80%8B

Philippe Claudin (ESPCI, Paris). Numerical simulations of sediment transport and aeolian ripples[Slides][Podcast][Aud][Cam]. ... 3:30pm. Afternoon Break. 4:00pm. Jasper Kok (UCLA). How does sand move on Mars? Possible solutions to some long-standing ...

https://online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/geoflows_c13/

... claudin 18; ROR, tyrosine protein kinase transmembrane receptor; TEM8, tumor endothelial marker 8; CEA, carcinoembryonic ... 3 Kansagra AJ, Frey NV, Bar M, Laetsch TW, Carpenter PA, Savani BN, Heslop HE, Bollard CM, Komanduri KV, Gastineau DA, et al: ... 3.. Figure 3.. Evolution of the development of CAR-T cell products: First-generation CAR-T cells only contain CD3ζ-derived ... Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a carcinoembryonic glycoprotein highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). GPC3 CAR-T cells ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2022.13478

Participant. Carmen Claudín.

https://www.cccb.org/en/participants/file/carmen-claudin/10222

DEP exposure + probiotics increases expression of claudin-3, occludin, ZO-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 and decreases MMP-9 and TLR-4 ... Immunofluorescent quantification and/or RT-qPCR showed that DEP exposure increases claudin-3, occludin, zona occludens (ZO)-1, ... MeSH Terms: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Claudin-3; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects; Immunologic Factors; Inflammation; ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=5076442

Appearance of claudin-5. Paul D; Baena V; Ge S; Jiang X; Jellison ER; Kiprono T; Agalliu D; Pachter JS. J Neuroinflammation; ... J Neuroimmune Pharmacol; 2020 Sep; 15(3):443-458. PubMed ID: 31485884. [TBL] ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=29564886&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

Si vous maymez (Claudin de Sermisy). 18. Mari, ie songeois (Jacotin). 19. Si jay eu du mal ou du bien par oubly (Claudin de ... 1. Ayez pitié du grand mal que jendure (Claudin de Sermisy). 2. Si je viz en peine et langueur (Claudin de Sermisy). 3. Nulle ... Je nose estre content (Claudin de Sermisy). 23. Las que crains tu amy de quoy as deffiance (Claudin de Sermisy). 24. De trop ... 5. Dictes sans peur (Claudin de Sermisy). 6. Dessoubz le marbre de dure recompense (Claudin de Sermisy). 7. Si ainsi est que me ...

https://cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Trente_et_troys_chansons_nouvelles_en_musique_a_quatre_parties_

... "claudin low" group in which all five claudins display low expression [27]. The claudin-low subtype was a frequent phenomenon in ... Lu, S.; Singh, K.; Mangray, S.; Tavares, R.; Noble, L.; Resnick, M.B.; Yakirevich, E. Claudin expression in high-grade invasive ... Identification of a claudin-4 and E-cadherin score to predict prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Sci. 2011, 102, 2248-2254. [ ... Further molecular markers are capable to estimate prognosis in a subtype-independent manner using claudin expression [26]. The ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3905/2/3/228

In conclusion, our research demonstrated that betaine attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and ... one of the most important inflammatory factors will downregulate specific TJ proteins including Occludin and Claudin-1 and ... The immunofluorescent images consistently revealed that LPS induced the disruption of TJ protein Claudin-1 and reduced its ... Wu, J., He, C., Bu, J. et al. Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restores intestinal ...

https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-020-02298-3

Claudin III 64-67. Bechtel D-308. CRF III 690. CIBN D-194. ISTC id00301500. ... Claudin IV 486-487. Bechtel D-339. Pell 4387. CIBN D-201. ISTC id00299820. ... Claudin IV 363-364. Bechtel D-304. CIBN D-192. ISTC id00301250. ... Claudin I 323. Bechtel D-334. CRF XVIII 193. ISTC id00299700. ... Claudin IV 162-163. Bechtel D-320. CRF I 547. ISTC id00301900. ... 3:98G. Init. c, t. Rubr. δ. 1 Hlzs. Tit., xylogr. (L³)E ...

https://www.gesamtkatalogderwiegendrucke.de/docs/DOCTRIN1.htm

Claudin, Claudin-low; normal, normal-like; Del, deletion; Ins, insertion. This figure was partly generated using Servier ... Susana Garcia-Recio # 1 , Toshinori Hinoue # 2 , Gregory L Wheeler # 3 , Benjamin J Kelly # 3 , Ana C Garrido-Castro # 4 , ... Susana Garcia-Recio # 1 , Toshinori Hinoue # 2 , Gregory L Wheeler # 3 , Benjamin J Kelly # 3 , Ana C Garrido-Castro # 4 , ... 3 , Amy Wheless 1 , Salma Rezk 1 , Amy L Garrett 1 , Joel S Parker 1 , Kelly K Foy 2 , Hui Shen 2 , Ben H Park 6 , Ian Krop 4 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36585450/

Claudin-3 Preferred Term Term UI T813147. Date11/23/2011. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2013). ... Claudin-3 Preferred Concept UI. M0568484. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. A ubiquitously-expressed claudin subtype that acts as ... Claudin 3 Term UI T813148. Date11/23/2011. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2013). ... Claudin 3 Registry Number. 0. Public MeSH Note. 2013; CLAUDIN-3 was indexed under CLAUDINS 1999-2012. History Note. 2013. Date ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D062465

Other antigens that have been tested for the detection of epithelial cells by FC include claudin 4, B-72.3, EMA, CEA, and CD15 ... Lonardi S, Manera C, Marucci R, Santoro A, Lorenzi L, Facchetti F: Usefulness of Claudin 4 in the cytological diagnosis of ... 3, 4). CD56 is widely used in FC labs for immunophenotyping of large granular lymphocytes and NK cells, and hence it can be ... 1) [3,4,5,6]. In addition, FC is able to analyze a large number of cells compared to immunohistochemical staining, it is able ...

https://karger.com/acy/article/60/4/336/9091/Flow-Cytometry-of-Nonhematopoietic-Neoplasms

Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin. Nat. ... Medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing Aire represent a unique lineage derived from cells expressing claudin. Nat. ... CD4+3− cells for use in RTOCs were prepared as described (14). CD4+8+ thymocytes, CD45−EpCAM1+Ly51+ cTECs, and CD45−EpCAM1+Ly51 ... 3, A and B). Moreover, analysis using an anti-Aire antibody that does not stain Aire−/− tissue (23) shows that Aire+ mTECs are ...

https://rupress.org/jem/article/204/6/1267/46948/RANK-signals-from-CD4-3-inducer-cells-regulate

Human CLDN18(Claudin 18) ELISA Kit. Human CLDN18(Claudin 18) ELISA Kit To Order: [email protected]. Human Claudin- 18, CLDN18 ... Description: Claudin-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN18 gene. This gene encodes a member of the claudin ... Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Claudin 18 from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid ... Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Claudin 18 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture ...

https://www.resourcerecovery.be/human-cldn18claudin-18-elisa-kit/

Claudin-4, PSCA, S100A4, S100P, MMP-7, IL-8, CD44, and mesothelin. Many of these genes are normally methylated and not ... 3.C. Application Processing. Applications may be submitted on or after the opening date and must be successfully received by ... 3. Submission Dates and Times. See Section IV.3.A. for details.. 3.A. Submission, Review, and Anticipated Start Dates ... 3) Project Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) Registration in the NIH eRA Commons: Refer to the NIH eRA Commons System ( ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/pa-07-257.html

... DesciptionPromoter:CMVReplicon:pUCCompetent cells:Stbl3Culture temperature:37 ...

https://lifescience-market.com/plasmid-c-94/plv3cmvnos23flagef1acopgfppuro-plasmid-p-145382.html

Alex Claudin France Dodge Charger 1968 RWD. 22. Ola Fijal Poland Nissan S13 200sx RWD. 30. Marko Palijan Croatia BMW E30 RWD. ... 3. Andy Stevens England ER32 Tesliner EV RWD. 4. Luke Woodham England Nissan 200sx S14a RWD. 5. Eric Van Eyssen South Africa ...

https://bilsport.no/petter-og-oliver-i-gymkhana-duell/

Claudin-1 D12.776.543.984.200.100 D12.776.543.940.200.100 Claudin-2 D12.776.543.984.200.200 D12.776.543.940.200.200 Claudin-3 ... D12.776.543.984.200.300 D12.776.543.940.200.300 Claudin-4 D12.776.543.984.200.400 D12.776.543.940.200.400 Claudin-5 D12.776. ... 3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine D3.438.79.800 D3.633.100.79.800 2-Aminopurine D3.438.759.138.50 D3.633 ... ErbB-3 D12.776.543.750.60.09.500 D12.776.543.750.630.09.500 Receptor, ErbB-4 D12.776.543.750.60.09.600 D12.776.543.750.630.09. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/E/mnchg2017.txt

Additionally, endothelial junctional proteins, claudin-1, -3, -5, Occludin, ZO-1, and VE-cadherin, gene expression was ... We used CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor, to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the GSC line, GSC923. Human ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2018/posters/activation-wntb-catenin-signaling-pathway-glioma-stem-cells-impacts-blood

Claudin-3 - Preferred Concept UI. M0568484. Scope note. A ubiquitously-expressed claudin subtype that acts as a general barrier ... Elevated expression of claudin-3 is found in a variety of tumor cell types, suggesting its role as a therapeutic target for ... Elevated expression of claudin-3 is found in a variety of tumor cell types, suggesting its role as a therapeutic target for ... A ubiquitously-expressed claudin subtype that acts as a general barrier-forming protein in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=54979

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D062465

... while the claudin-like protein HPO-30 directly interacts with the WRC. On dendrites, DMA-1 and HPO-30 form a receptor- ... 3): 648-658 Abstract. PSD-95-like, disc-large (DLG) family membrane-associated guanylate kinase proteins (PSD/DLG-MAGUKs) are ... 3): 362-+ Abstract. Proper morphogenesis of dendrites plays a fundamental role in the establishment of neural circuits. The ... 3 Abstract. BACKGROUND: Dendrite morphogenesis plays an essential role in establishing the connectivity and receptive fields of ...

https://profiles.stanford.edu/rebecca-shi

Claudin-3 is also over expressed in breast and prostate tumors. This new therapy is targeting claudin-3 (CLDN3) using small ... Claudin-3 is also over expressed in breast and prostate tumors. This new therapy is targeting claudin-3 (CLDN3) using small ... A Potential Treatment For Ovarian Cancer - Claudin-3 Gene Silencing Using Small Interfering RNA Posted on March 1, 2009. by ... Ovarian tumors highly express two proteins, claudin-3 and -4. These proteins are associated with both an increase is cellular ...

https://healthinfoispower.wordpress.com/tag/preclinical-studies/

38. Claudin, op. cit., p.440.. 39. The Yugoslav Communists developed their own analysis of the reasons for the failure of Greek ... As Fernando Claudin argues, the Greek Communists accepted a strategy that derived from Russian great power concerns rather than ... The best account of the politics of the Communist International remains Fernando Claudin, The Communist Movement: From ... 3. For the early history of Greek Communism see H. Vlavianos, Greece 1941-1949: From Resistance to Civil War (London 1992), pp. ...

http://marxists.de/balkans/newsinger/greekrev.html

Dive into the research topics of Phytoestrogens Weaken the Blood-Milk Barrier in Lactating Mammary Epithelial Cells by Affecting Tight Junctions and Cell Viability. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/phytoestrogens-weaken-the-blood-milk-barrier-in-lactating-mammary/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Proteins Occludin Protein Downregulation Antibody 2023 Expression Epithelial 2020 Quantitative Retinal Found Cell High Permeability Junctional Subtype Caspase Exposure Receptor Small Cells Gene

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the most important inflammatory factors will downregulate specific TJ proteins including Occludin and Claudin-1 and impair integrity of the epithelial barrier. (biomedcentral.com)

Immunofluorescent quantification and/or RT-qPCR showed that DEP exposure increases claudin-3, occludin, zona occludens (ZO)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and decreases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 expression compared to CON. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, our research demonstrated that betaine attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restored the intestinal barrier function. (biomedcentral.com)

The protein levels of Claudin-3 , VEGF-A and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were evaluated by Western blot at P7, P10 and P14. (bvsalud.org)
The immunofluorescent images consistently revealed that LPS induced the disruption of TJ protein Claudin-1 and reduced its expression while betaine could reverse these alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
A ubiquitously-expressed claudin subtype that acts as a general barrier-forming protein in TIGHT JUNCTIONS . (nih.gov)
Description: Claudin-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN18 gene. (resourcerecovery.be)

The effect of AAV-mediated downregulation of Claudin-3 on the development of mouse retinal vasculature. (bvsalud.org)
The AAV-mediated downregulation of Claudin-3 at P3 impeded the development of retinal deep vascularization of P10 mouse , but without effect on the development of the retinal superficial plexus. (bvsalud.org)
These results suggested that the downregulation of Claudin-3 induced RGC apoptosis and impeded the mouse retinal vascular development by downregulating the levels of VEGF-A and Bcl-2. (bvsalud.org)

Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Claudin 18 (CLDN18) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (resourcerecovery.be)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Claudin 18 (CLDN18) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (resourcerecovery.be)

14(3): 291-296, 2023 Mar 09. (bvsalud.org)

Immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the expression and localization of Claudin-3 in the mouse retina . (bvsalud.org)
Intravitreal injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing a short hairpin RNA targeting Claudin-3 mRNA was performed to down-regulate Claudin-3 expression in retina in neonatal (Postnatal Day 3, P3) C57BL/6J mice . (bvsalud.org)
Claudin-3 knockdown increased RGC apoptosis and reduced the expression of VEGF-A and Bcl-2 in the retinas. (bvsalud.org)
Elevated expression of claudin-3 is found in a variety of tumor cell types, suggesting its role as a therapeutic target for specific ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS . (nih.gov)
Differential Claudin 3 and EGFR Expression Predicts BRCA1 Mutation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. (cdc.gov)
Association of Cytokeratin 5 and Claudin 3 expression with BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in women with early breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

However, we and others have shown that many common epithelial neoplasms can be easily analyzed by FC [ 3,4,5,6 ]. (karger.com)

Epub 2020 Apr 3. (nih.gov)

Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Claudin 18(CLDN18) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (resourcerecovery.be)

In this study, we investigated whether Claudin-3 played a role in the development of mouse retinal vasculature . (bvsalud.org)
We found that Claudin-3 mainly expressed in the RGCs and progressively increased during the retinal development. (bvsalud.org)

Claudin-3 has been found to be required for the normal development of the neural retina and its vessels in zebrafish in our recent study. (bvsalud.org)
Brain metastases have been found to occur in 10-16% of surviving individuals with advanced BC and as high as 30% in autopsy series [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

CAR-T cell therapy (Kymriah), approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 2017, was the world's first approved CAR-T product ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

A simple 3-color flow cytometric panel can provide a high sensitivity and specificity compared to cytomorphology. (karger.com)

To investigate whether transcellular sodium transport controls tight-junction composition and paracellular permeability via modulating expression of the transmembrane protein claudin-8, we used cultured mouse cortical collecting duct cells to see how overexpression or silencing of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits and claudin-8 affect paracellular permeability. (nih.gov)
3. Indomethacin induces increase in gastric epithelial tight junction permeability via redistribution of occludin and activation of p38 MAPK in MKN-28 Cells. (nih.gov)
4. Oxidative stress induces gastric epithelial permeability through claudin-3. (nih.gov)

15. Extracellular Mg(2+) regulates the tight junctional localization of claudin-16 mediated by ERK-dependent phosphorylation. (nih.gov)

Recent evidence suggests that certain alternate growth factor pathways, such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, HER1, phosphoinositide-3-kinase catalytic alpha polypeptide, and Src, may contribute to the higher proliferation and poorer prognosis of the luminal B subtype. (medscape.com)

Caspase 3 activation occasionally involved olfactory nerve bundles that synapse in the olfactory bulb (OB). (cdc.gov)

Flavoring s-related lung disease is a potentially disabling disease of food industry workers associated with exposure to the a-diketone butter flavoring , diacetyl (2,3-butanedione). (cdc.gov)
To investigate delayed toxicity, additional rats inhaled 318 (range, 317.9-318.9) ppm 2,3- pentanedione for 6 hours and were sacrificed 0 to 2, 12 to 14, or 18 to 20 hours after exposure. (cdc.gov)

The hormone receptor-negative subtypes comprise the HER2-enriched, claudin-low, and basal-like subtypes. (medscape.com)

Understanding of the pathogenesis of human cate in a physiologically relevant 3-dimensional (3-D), organoid model of human small intestinal epithelium. (cdc.gov)
We present cultured in the RWV bioreactors, with the rotation speed the results of our first attempts to infect a physiologically adjusted to maintain the cell aggregates in suspension dur- relevant 3-D small intestinal epithelium model (INT-407) ing the entire culture duration (18-20 rotations/min ini- with genogroup I and II human noroviruses. (cdc.gov)
We show that noroviruses can infect and replicate in a 3-dimensional (3-D), organoid model of human small intestinal epithelium. (cdc.gov)
We present the results of our first attempts to infect a physiologically relevant 3-D small intestinal epithelium model (INT-407) with genogroup I and II human noroviruses. (cdc.gov)

Representative models of differentiated human intes- transmission are ingestion of contaminated food and water tinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 and person-to-person contact ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Cells grown on porous collage-coated beads under fluid shear conditions in rotating wall vessel bioreactors differentiate into 3-D architectures resembling both the morphologic and physiologic function of in vivo tissues. (cdc.gov)
Representative models of differentiated human intestinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 dimensions (3-D) on collagen-I-coated porous microcarrier beads in rotating-wall vessel (RWV) bioreactors that model the physiologic fluid-shear environment in their respective organs ( 21 - 24 ). (cdc.gov)

This gene encodes a member of the claudin family. (nih.gov)
This gene is intronless and overlaps the 3' UTR of the WWC2 gene (GeneID: 80014) on the opposite strand. (nih.gov)

Anatomy28

Organisms7

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Ca(2+)-independent cell-adhesion activity of claudins, a family of integral membrane proteins localized at tight junctions. (1/114)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fragment removes specific claudins from tight junction strands: Evidence for direct involvement of claudins in tight junction barrier. (2/114)

Manner of interaction of heterogeneous claudin species within and between tight junction strands. (3/114)

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin binds to the second extracellular loop of claudin-3, a tight junction integral membrane protein. (4/114)

Claudin promotes activation of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated by membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases. (5/114)

Expression of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin receptors claudin-3 and claudin-4 in prostate cancer epithelium. (6/114)

The renal segmental distribution of claudins changes with development. (7/114)

Claudin localization in cilia of the retinal pigment epithelium. (8/114)

Claudins

Claudin-3

Claudin-1

Claudin-4

Tight Junctions

Claudin-5

Membrane Proteins

Occludin

Zonula Occludens-1 Protein

Zonula Occludens-2 Protein

Claudin-2

Blood-Testis Barrier

Permeability

Electric Impedance

Tissue Embedding

Takifugu

Epithelial Cells

Hypercalciuria

Gitelman Syndrome

Nephrocalcinosis

Cell Membrane Permeability

Caco-2 Cells

Loop of Henle

Freeze Fracturing

Neuroepithelial Cells

Epithelium

Gills

Dogs

Adherens Junctions

Sertoli Cells

Adenoma, Oxyphilic

Immunohistochemistry

Intercellular Junctions

Cell Line

Protein Isoforms

Gene Knockdown Techniques

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Kidney

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Salinity

Tissue Array Analysis

Clostridium perfringens

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Phosphoproteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Hearing Loss

RNA, Messenger

Intestinal Mucosa

Cochlea

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Kidney Tubules, Distal

Enterotoxins

Spermatocytes

Cytoplasmic Vesicles

Sarcoma, Synovial

Gene Deletion

Gene Expression Regulation

Cells, Cultured

Respiratory Mucosa

Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal

Tumor Markers, Biological

Gene Expression Profiling

Mucous Membrane

Epithelium, Corneal

Amino Acid Sequence

Absorption

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Gene Order

Blood-Brain Barrier

Phenotype

Pulmonary Alveoli

Zebrafish Proteins

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Cadherins

Carcinoma, Lewis Lung

Blotting, Western

Zebrafish

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Protein Transport