Class i phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases. Medical search

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes with a specificity for 1-phosphatidylinositol, 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, and 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Members of this enzyme subclass are activated by cell surface receptors and occur as heterodimers of enzymatic and regulatory subunits.

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.

A phosphoinositide present in all eukaryotic cells, particularly in the plasma membrane. It is the major substrate for receptor-stimulated phosphoinositidase C, with the consequent formation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol, and probably also for receptor-stimulated inositol phospholipid 3-kinase. (Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Phosphatidylinositols in which one or more alcohol group of the inositol has been substituted with a phosphate group.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex which encode polymorphic characteristics not related to immune responsiveness or complement activity, e.g., B loci (chicken), DLA (dog), GPLA (guinea pig), H-2 (mouse), RT-1 (rat), HLA-A, -B, and -C class I genes of man.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

Derivatives of the steroid androstane having two double bonds at any site in any of the rings.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol into 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS such as RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS and CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN. They are intracellular signaling kinases that play a role the regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

A group of hydrolases which catalyze the hydrolysis of monophosphoric esters with the production of one mole of orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and CMP from CDP-DIACYLGLYCEROL and MYOINOSITOL.

An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

A phosphorus-oxygen lyase found primarily in BACTERIA. The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of a phosphoester linkage in 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol to form 1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and diacylglycerol. The enzyme was formerly classified as a phosphoric diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.4.10) and is often referred to as a TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. However it is now known that a cyclic phosphate is the final product of this enzyme and that water does not enter into the reaction.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

An abundant 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase subtype with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A serine threonine kinase that controls a wide range of growth-related cellular processes. The protein is referred to as the target of RAPAMYCIN due to the discovery that SIROLIMUS (commonly known as rapamycin) forms an inhibitory complex with TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEIN 1A that blocks the action of its enzymatic activity.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase. A phosphotransferase that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the presence of ATP. It has four isozymes (L, R, M1, and M2). Deficiency of the enzyme results in hemolytic anemia. EC 2.7.1.40.

A structurally-related group of signaling proteins that are phosphorylated by the INSULIN RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. The proteins share in common an N-terminal PHOSPHOLIPID-binding domain, a phosphotyrosine-binding domain that interacts with the phosphorylated INSULIN RECEPTOR, and a C-terminal TYROSINE-rich domain. Upon tyrosine phosphorylation insulin receptor substrate proteins interact with specific SH2 DOMAIN-containing proteins that are involved in insulin receptor signaling.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. It is the small subunit of the MHC class I molecule. Association with beta 2-microglobulin is generally required for the transport of class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Beta 2-microglobulin is present in small amounts in serum, csf, and urine of normal people, and to a much greater degree in the urine and plasma of patients with tubular proteinemia, renal failure, or kidney transplants.

An enzyme of the transferase class that uses ATP to catalyze the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol to a phosphatidate. EC 2.7.1.107.

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes formed through the association of a p110gamma catalytic subunit and one of the three regulatory subunits of 84, 87, and 101 kDa in size. This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and the RETINOID X RECEPTORS. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to cellular stress.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The process by which antigen is presented to lymphocytes in a form they can recognize. This is performed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Some antigens require processing before they can be recognized. Antigen processing consists of ingestion and partial digestion of the antigen by the APC, followed by presentation of fragments on the cell surface. (From Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

A cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase involved in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. Overexpression of this enzyme has been shown to promote PHOSPHORYLATION of BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and chemoresistance in human acute leukemia cells.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes whose specificity is limited to 1-phosphatidylinositol. Members of this class play a role in vesicular transport and in the regulation of TOR KINASES.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A ubiquitous family of proteins that transport PHOSPHOLIPIDS such as PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE between membranes. They play an important role in phospholipid metabolism during vesicular transport and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enzyme also activates the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B and is composed of alpha and beta catalytic subunits, which are protein kinases and gamma, a regulatory subunit.

PI3-kinase upregulation and involvement in spontaneous tone in arteries from DOCA-salt rats: is p110delta the culprit? (1/93)

Increased expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) mediates elevated tone in the aorta from hypertensive deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. In this article, we hypothesized that (1) alterations observed with respect to PI3-kinase observed in the aorta would also occur in mesenteric resistance arteries responsible for determining total peripheral resistance (TPR) and (2) p110delta activity was increased and localized to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and was responsible for the increase in spontaneous tone in aortae from DOCA-salt rats. Mesenteric resistance arteries and aorta were isolated from DOCA-salt (190+/-3 mm Hg) and sham (121+/-2 mm Hg) rats. Myograph experiments revealed LY294002 (20 micromol/L), a PI3-kinase inhibitor, significantly decreased tone in mesenteric resistance arteries from DOCA-salt rats as compared with sham (-49+/-12 mg versus -10+/-7 mg). Western analyses of resistance artery protein homogenate revealed p85alpha and p110delta subunit protein, with significantly elevated levels of p110delta protein in the DOCA-salt compared with sham rats (0.30+/-0.07 versus 0.16+/-0.04% smooth muscle alpha-actin arbitrary units). Immunohistochemistry revealed p110delta-specific staining in VSMCs, with more intense staining in aortae from DOCA-salt rats. Compared with aortae from sham, p110delta-associated PI3-kinase activity was increased in DOCA-salt (158% of sham) and likely responsible for spontaneous tone because the p110delta specific inhibitor IC87114 decreased spontaneous tone in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these data further implicate the p110delta isoform of PI3-kinase in arterial hyperresponsiveness in hypertension at the level of both large and small arteries. (+info)

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in murine asthma model. (2/93)

P110delta phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of p110delta also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of p110delta in allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness using IC87114, a selective p110delta inhibitor, in a mouse asthma model. BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of IC87114 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and RANTES in a dose-dependent manner. IC87114 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that IC87114 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue eosinophilia, airway mucus production, and inflammation score. In addition, IC87114 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine. Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that IC87114 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, RANTES, and eotaxin. Furthermore, IC87114 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced serine phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of p110delta signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic airway inflammation. (+info)

ANG II enhances contractile responses via PI3-kinase p110 delta pathway in aortas from diabetic rats with systemic hyperinsulinemia. (3/93)

We investigated the involvement of ANG II and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) in the enhanced aortic contractile responses induced by hyperinsulinemia in chronic insulin-treated Type 1 diabetic rats. Plasma ANG II levels were elevated in untreated compared with control diabetic rats and further increased in insulin-treated diabetic rats. Aortic contractile responses and systolic blood pressure were significantly enhanced in chronic insulin-treated diabetic rats compared with the other groups. These insulin-induced increases were largely prevented by cotreatment with losartan (an ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist) or enalapril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor). LY-294002 (a PI3-K inhibitor) diminished the increases in contractile responses in ANG II-incubated aortas and aortas from chronic insulin-treated diabetic rats. The norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated levels of p110 delta-associated PI3-K activity and p110 delta protein expression were increased in aortas from insulin-treated diabetic compared with control and untreated diabetic rats, and chronic administration of losartan blunted these increases. Contractions were significantly larger in aortas from diabetic rats incubated with a low concentration (inducing approximately 10% of the maximum contraction) of ANG II or with NE or isotonic K+ than in aortas from nonincubated diabetic rats. NE-stimulated p110 PI3-K activity was elevated in aortas from diabetic rats coincubated with a noncontractile dose of ANG II. These results suggest that, in insulin-treated Type 1 diabetic rats with hyperinsulinemia, chronic ANG II type 1 receptor blockade blunts the increases in vascular contractility and blood pressure via a decrease in p110 delta-associated PI3-K activity. (+info)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and PTEN deletion enhance cardiac L-type Ca2+ currents via increased PI3Kalpha/PKB signaling. (4/93)

Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel (I(Ca,L)) is a key determinant of cardiac contractility and is modulated by multiple signaling pathways. Because the regulation of I(Ca,L) by phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphoinositide-3-phosphatase (PTEN) is unknown, despite their involvement in the regulation of myocardial growth and contractility, I(Ca,L) was recorded in myocytes isolated from mice overexpressing a dominant-negative p110alpha mutant (DN-p110alpha) in the heart, lacking the PI3Kgamma gene (PI3Kgamma(-/-)) or with muscle-specific ablation of PTEN (PTEN(-/-)). Combinations of these genetically altered mice were also examined. Although there were no differences in the expression level of CaV1.2 proteins, basal I(Ca,L) densities were larger (P<0.01) in PTEN(-/-) myocytes compared with littermate controls, PI3Kgamma(-/-), or DN-p110alpha myocytes and showed negative shifts in voltage dependence of current activation. The I(Ca,L) differences seen in PTEN(-/-) mice were eliminated by pharmacological inhibition of either PI3Ks or protein kinase B (PKB) as well as in PTEN(-/-)/DN-p110alpha double mutant mice but not in PTEN(-/-)/PI3Kgamma(-/-) mice. On the other hand, application of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an activator of PKB, increased I(Ca,L) in control and PI3Kgamma(-/-), while having no effects on I(Ca,L) in DN-p110alpha or PTEN(-/-) mice. The I(Ca,L) increases induced by IGF-1 were abolished by PKB inhibition. Our results demonstrate that IGF-1 treatment or inactivation of PTEN enhances I(Ca,L) via PI3Kalpha-dependent increase in PKB activation. (+info)

A pharmacological map of the PI3-K family defines a role for p110alpha in insulin signaling. (5/93)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3-Ks) are an important emerging class of drug targets, but the unique roles of PI3-K isoforms remain poorly defined. We describe here an approach to pharmacologically interrogate the PI3-K family. A chemically diverse panel of PI3-K inhibitors was synthesized, and their target selectivity was biochemically enumerated, revealing cryptic homologies across targets and chemotypes. Crystal structures of three inhibitors bound to p110gamma identify a conformationally mobile region that is uniquely exploited by selective compounds. This chemical array was then used to define the PI3-K isoforms required for insulin signaling. We find that p110alpha is the primary insulin-responsive PI3-K in cultured cells, whereas p110beta is dispensable but sets a phenotypic threshold for p110alpha activity. Compounds targeting p110alpha block the acute effects of insulin treatment in vivo, whereas a p110beta inhibitor has no effect. These results illustrate systematic target validation using a matrix of inhibitors that span a protein family. (+info)

Regulation of epidermal homeostasis and repair by phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (6/93)

The epidermis undergoes continuous self-renewal to maintain its protective function. Whereas growth factors are known to modulate overall skin homeostasis, the intracellular signaling pathways, which control the delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes, are largely unknown. Here we show transient upregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunits p110alpha and p110beta in differentiating keratinocytes in vitro, expression of these subunits in the epidermis of normal and wounded skin, and enhanced Akt phosphorylation in the hyperproliferative wound epidermis. Stimulation of PI3K activity in cultured keratinocytes by stable expression of an inducible, constitutively active PI3K mutant promoted cell proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in keratinocyte monocultures and induced the formation of a hyperplastic, disorganized and poorly differentiated epithelium in organotypic skin cultures. Activation of PI3K signaling also caused reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and induced keratinocyte migration in vitro and in skin organ cultures. The identification of 122 genes, which are differentially expressed after induction of PI3K signaling provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects of active PI3K on keratinocytes and indicates that hyperproliferation may be achieved at the expense of genome integrity. These results identify PI3K as an important intracellular regulator of epidermal homeostasis and repair. (+info)

The p110alpha isoform of PI3K is essential for proper growth factor signaling and oncogenic transformation. (7/93)

Growth factor signaling is mediated through Class IA phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Among this class of enzymes, only p110alpha, encoded by the PIK3CA gene, has been found to be mutant in human cancers. To determine the specific functions of p110alpha, we generated mice carrying a conditionally targeted allele of the PIK3CA gene. Here, we report that PIK3CA-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts are deficient in cellular signaling in response to various growth factors, unable to differentiate into adipocytes, and resistant to oncogenic transformation induced by a variety of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, indicating a fundamental role for p110alpha in these biological processes. (+info)

Cutting edge: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110 delta is critical for the function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. (8/93)

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by inhibiting the expansion and function of conventional T cells. Treg development and homeostasis are regulated by the Ag receptor, costimulatory receptors such as CD28 and CTLA-4, and cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-beta. Here we show that the proportions of Tregs in the spleen and lymph nodes of mice with inactive p110delta PI3K (p110deltaD910A/D910A) are reduced despite enhanced Treg selection in the thymus. p110deltaD910A/D910A CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs showed attenuated suppressor function in vitro and failed to secrete IL-10. In adoptive transfer experiments, p110deltaD910A/D910A T cells failed to protect against experimental colitis. The identification of p110delta as an intracellular signaling protein that regulates the activity of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs may facilitate the further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for Treg-mediated suppression. (+info)

The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 3-phosphotransferase. Other names in ... In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.154) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP ... This enzyme participates in phosphatidylinositol signaling system. As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this ... class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2AR5, 2B3R, and 2IWL. PC, Woscholski R, Parker PJ, Waterfield MD (2001). "Synthesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate_3-kinase

The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase. Other names in ... In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.1.150) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... common use include type III PIP kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase. This enzyme participates in ... "The stress-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase Fab1p is essential for vacuole function in S. cerevisiae". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate_5-kinase

The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-5-phosphate 4-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is ... In enzymology, a 1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase (EC 2.7.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Rameh LE, Tolias KF, Duckworth BC, Cantley LC (1997). "A new pathway for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate". ... phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate_4-kinase

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1BO1 and 2GK9. Kai M, ... PIP kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, and type I PIP kinase. This ... In enzymology, 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.1.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4-phosphate 5-phosphotransferase. Other names in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate_5-kinase

As of late 2007, 6 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2A4Z, 2A5U, 2CHW, 2CHX, 2CHZ ... In enzymology, a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.153) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-phosphotransferase. This ... Human genes encoding proteins with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity include: PIK3CA PIK3CB PIK3CD PIK3CG ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate_3-kinase

January 2015). "First-in-human phase I study of pictilisib (GDC-0941), a potent pan-class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K ... Class 1 PI3Ks have a catalytic subunit known as p110, with four types (isoforms) - p110 alpha (PIK3CA), p110 beta (PIK3CB), ... In phase III clinical trials: Buparlisib (codenamed BKM120, NVP-BKM120; pan-class I PI3K inhibitor): The phase III trial BURAN ... Dactolisib (codenamed BEZ235, NVP-BEZ235; dual pan-class I PI3K and mTOR inhibitor) was tested in the placebo-controlled phase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase_inhibitor

In vivo Vps34 can phosphorylate only phosphatidylinositol to form phosphatidylinositol (3)-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). Vps34 was ... Vps34 has been shown to interact with Vps15 (PIK3R4, p150), a protein kinase. Vps15 can activate the lipid kinase activity of ... Class III PI 3-kinase is a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that share a common protein domain ... There is only one known class III PI 3-kinase, Vps34, which is also the only PI 3-kinase expressed in all eukaryotic cells. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_III_PI_3-kinase

The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate 5-phosphotransferase. This enzyme is ... This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Shears SB (1989). "The ... In enzymology, an inositol-tetrakisphosphate 5-kinase (EC 2.7.1.140) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + 1D ... 5-kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (45): 42711-8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209112200. PMID 12226109. Portal: Biology v t e (EC 2.7.1, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol-tetrakisphosphate_5-kinase

"PIP5K1A phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha [Homo sapiens (human)". Entrez Gene. PSD4 pleckstrin and Sec7 ... The stable class II MHC is then presented on the cell surface. After MHC class II complexes are synthesized and presented on ... Like MHC class I molecules, class II molecules are also heterodimers, but in this case consist of two homogenous peptides, an α ... MHC class II expression is closely regulated in APCs by CIITA, which is the MHC class II transactivator. CIITA is solely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_II

The age-1 gene encodes the catalytic subunit of class-I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). A decade after Johnson's ... and tyrosine kinase-related pathways. They then used drugs known to target the identified pathways and showed these drugs kill ... 22 (3-4): 279-286. doi:10.1016/0047-6374(83)90082-9. PMID 6632998. S2CID 6870538. Friedman DB, Johnson TE (1988). "A mutation ... Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.3570T. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17312-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7366647. PMID 32678081. Text and images are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics_of_aging

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 is an enzyme subunit that in humans is encoded by the PIK3C3 gene. It's ... class 3". Lee C, Liu QH, Tomkowicz B, et al. (2004). "Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited ... and Akt/PKB kinases in CD4+ T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (11): 2805-11. doi:10.1002/eji.1830271110. PMID ... Substrate presentation by phosphatidylinositol transfer protein to the p150.Ptdins 3-kinase complex". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIK3C3

"Protein kinase C alpha phosphorylates and negatively regulates diacylglycerol kinase zeta". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ... The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (the HUGO-approved official symbol = PIK3CA; HGNC ... is a class I PI 3-kinase catalytic subunit. The human p110α protein is encoded by the PIK3CA gene. Its role was uncovered by ... Li W, Han M, Guan KL (April 2000). "The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P110α

Class II PI 3-kinases also appear to synthesise PtdIns3P, their activity however appears to be regulated by a range of stimuli ... P2 by the lipid kinase PIKfyve. Both FYVE domains and PX domains - found in proteins such as SNX1, HGS, and EEA1 - bind to ... Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is a phospholipid found in cell membranes that helps to recruit a range of proteins ... Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding protein 2 Gillooly DJ, Simonsen A, Stenmark H (April 2001). "Cellular functions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3-phosphate

The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-phosphotransferase. Other names in ... This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. As of late 2007, 3 ... inositol-trisphosphate 5-kinase, 1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 5-kinase, and ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 5- ... inositol-trisphosphate 6-kinase, 1D-myo-inositol-trisphosphate 6-kinase, ATP:1D-myo-inositol-1,3,4-trisphosphate 6- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol-tetrakisphosphate_1-kinase

August 2005). "Sequential activation of class IB and class IA PI3K is important for the primed respiratory burst of human but ... Tyrosine kinases often operate near the plasma membrane and hence control the recruitment of p110δ to the plasma membrane where ... Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform also known as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) ... The class I PI3Ks display a broad phosphoinositide lipid substrate specificity and include p110α, p110β and p110γ. p110α and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P110δ

Malik KF, Jaffe H, Brady J, Young WS (1997). "The class III POU factor Brn-4 interacts with other class III POU factors and the ... Sidorenko SP, Law CL, Chandran KA, Clark EA (1995). "Human spleen tyrosine kinase p72Syk associates with the Src-family kinase ... "Thymocyte activation induces the association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and pp120 with CD5". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (3): 679 ... Jordan P, Heid H, Kinzel V, Kübler D (1995). "Major cell surface-located protein substrates of an ecto-protein kinase are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNRPU

The autophagy-inducible Beclin-1 complex contains the proteins PIK3R4(p150), Atg14L and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3- ... These two kinases regulate autophagy through inhibitory phosphorylation of the Unc-51-like kinases ULK1 and ULK2 (mammalian ... Once active, VPS34 phosphorylates the lipid phosphatidylinositol to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) on ... Itakura E, Kishi C, Inoue K, Mizushima N (December 2008). "Beclin 1 forms two distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy

Class I PI3Ks catalyze the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) into phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)- ... The PI3K family is divided into four different classes: Class I, Class II, Class III, and Class IV. The classifications are ... Class II comprises three catalytic isoforms (C2α, C2β, and C2γ), but, unlike Classes I and III, no regulatory proteins. Class ... Class II and III PI3Ks are differentiated from the Class I by their structure and function. The distinct feature of Class II ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase

1999). "Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase alpha is a downstream effector of the small G protein ARF6 in membrane ruffle ... The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2, and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6). The members ... Shin OH, Couvillon AD, Exton JH (2001). "Arfophilin is a common target of both class II and class III ADP-ribosylation factors ... Shin OH, Ross AH, Mihai I, Exton JH (2000). "Identification of arfophilin, a target protein for GTP-bound class II ADP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARF5

This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of Class II PI 3- ... Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing alpha polypeptide is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is not sensitive to nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmannin. This protein was ... 2000). "The class II phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K-C2alpha is concentrated in the trans-Golgi network and present in clathrin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIK3C2A

PIP2 is formed primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases from PI(4)P. In metazoans, PIP2 can also be ... Class I PI 3-kinases phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 forming phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) and ... 2005). "Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type Iγ regulates dynamics of large dense-core vesicle fusion". PNAS. 102 (14): ... Bulley SJ, Clarke JH, Droubi A, Giudici ML, Irvine RF (2015). "Exploring phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase function". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate

... class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex 2). Negative modulation of Rubicon is associated with reduction of aging and ... lipid kinase inhibition, and autophagy suppression". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 286 (1): 185-191. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... April 2009). "Distinct regulation of autophagic activity by Atg14L and Rubicon associated with Beclin 1-phosphatidylinositol-3- ... This activity prevents PI3KC3-directed generation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) at the autophagosome membrane, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubicon_(protein)

"Type I phosphatidylinositol kinase makes a novel inositol phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate". Nature. 332 (6165): ... is the product of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)- ... In 1988, Lewis C. Cantley published a paper describing the discovery of a novel type of phosphoinositide kinase with the ... PIP3 functions to activate downstream signaling components, the most notable one being the protein kinase Akt, which activates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_(3,4,5)-trisphosphate

Dual-specificity kinases are subclass of the tyrosine kinases. mTOR is a kinase within the family of phosphatidylinositol-3 ... November 2011). "Discovery of a potent, selective, and orally available class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian ... kinase-related kinases (PIKKs), which is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases, with a sequence similarity to the family ... kinases but binding of them to the kinase complex causes a conformational change that increases substrate access to the kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR_inhibitors

This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3- ... Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing gamma polypeptide is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways". J. Leukoc. Biol. 78 (4): 1016-23. doi:10.1189/jlb.0105056. PMID ... Rozycka M, Lu YJ, Brown RA, Lau MR, Shipley JM, Fry MJ (Feb 1999). "cDNA cloning of a third human C2-domain-containing class II ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIK3C2G

This protein contains a lipid kinase catalytic domain as well as a C-terminal C2 domain, a characteristic of class II PI3- ... Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing beta polypeptide is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... kinase pathway is required for the survival signal of leukocyte tyrosine kinase". Oncogene. 14 (25): 3067-72. doi:10.1038/sj. ... The PI3-kinase activity of this protein is sensitive to low nanomolar levels of the inhibitor wortmannin. The C2 domain of this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIK3C2B

Phosphatidylinositol synthase, a member of the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyl transferase class-I family, is an integral membrane ... and protein kinase C activity. Two enzymes, CDP-diacylglycerol synthase and phosphatidylinositol synthase, are involved in the ... Phosphatidylinositol breakdown products are ubiquitous second messengers that function downstream of multiple G protein-coupled ... Antonsson B (1997). "Phosphatidylinositol synthase from mammalian tissues". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1348 (1-2): 179-86. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDIPT

In one of the earliest steps, the stress-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylates SIRT6 on ... A class of checkpoint mediator proteins including BRCA1, MDC1, and 53BP1 has also been identified. These proteins seem to be ... Checkpoint Proteins can be separated into four groups: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-like protein kinase, proliferating ... First, two kinases, ATM and ATR are activated within 5 or 6 minutes after DNA is damaged. This is followed by phosphorylation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

... phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase Bα. Current Biology. 1997;7(4). ... Class I and II phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) synthesize PtdIns(3,4)P2 by phosphorylating the phosphoinositide PI4P's 3-OH ... phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase Bα. Current Biology. 1997;7(4). ... Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,4-bisphosphate

July 2013). "PIKfyve, a class III PI kinase, is the target of the small molecular IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor apilimod and a player ... April 2017). "The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase inhibitor apilimod blocks filoviral entry and infection". PLOS ... March 2017). "Identification of apilimod as a first-in-class PIKfyve kinase inhibitor for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin ... Subsequently, it was discovered that apilimod has an additional mode of action, as an inhibitor of the lipid kinase enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apilimod

Antiviral and antiproliferative effects specific to type I IFNs result from p38 MAP kinase signaling. The phosphatidylinositol ... They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes ... Type I IFNs further activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) to induce gene transcription. ... Production of protein kinase R, for example, can be disrupted in cells infected with JEV. Some viruses escape the anti-viral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Testis-Specific Serine Kinase 6), NT5DC2 (Cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase), PITPNM2 (Membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol ... class II, DQ alpha 1), TNXB (A member of the tenascin family, also known as hexabrachion-like protein is a glycoprotein that is ... miR-137 has also been shown to directly inhibits CDK6 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 6) expression and decreases the level of ... Serine/threonine-protein kinase D3). Neault et al. recently identified miR-137 as a senescence effector miRNA induced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-137

In addition, two additional classes, type III which are a variant of type I, and type IV that bind DNA as monomers have also ... "A rapid cytoplasmic mechanism for PI3 kinase regulation by the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor, TRβ, and genetic evidence for ... mechanism for non-genomic signaling through the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor TRβ involves the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ... Type III nuclear receptors (principally NR subfamily 2) are similar to type I receptors in that both classes bind to DNA as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor

The reception of IFNγ activates Janus kinase 1, resulting in the stimulation of its association with Sxn8 above standard ... the PX domain main function is to target SNX8 mainly to early endosomes and other membranes rich in phosphatidylinositol 3- ... by allowing its association with the class III phosphatylinositol 3 kinase VPS34-containing translocon machinery to form the ... 135 and 148 as residues directly related to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate since being specific binding sites, constituting a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNX8

"Identification of apilimod as a first-in-class PIKfyve kinase inhibitor for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma". Blood. ... September 2006). "Fab1 phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase controls trafficking but not silencing of endocytosed ... "Entrez Gene: Phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE finger containing". Shisheva A, Sbrissa D, Ikonomov O (January 1999). "Cloning, ... Yamamoto A, DeWald DB, Boronenkov IV, Anderson RA, Emr SD, Koshland D (May 1995). "Novel PI(4)P 5-kinase homologue, Fab1p, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIKFYVE

Rapley J, Nicolas M, Groen A, Regue L, Bertran MT, Caelles C, Avruch J, Roig J (2008). "The NIMA-family kinase Nek6 ... Since then, over 100 different chemical classes of allosteric inhibitors have been identified in the scientific literature and ... "Inhibition of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 up-regulates Hsp70 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in multiple ... Bishop JD, Han Z, Schumacher JM (2005). "The Caenorhabditis elegans Aurora B kinase AIR-2 phosphorylates and is required for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesin-like_protein_KIF11

1997). "Kinase suppressor of Ras is ceramide-activated protein kinase". Cell. 89 (1): 63-72. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80183-X ... as an effector phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) to produce phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate ( ... One saturated lipid from this class, often called an endocannabinoid, but with no relevant affinity for the CB1 and CB 2 ... Sph is also known to interact with protein targets such as the protein kinase H homologue (PKH) and the yeast protein kinase ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_signaling

The table below lists different classes of NTRs. Members of a class have a high sequence homology and typically share the same ... Activatory motifs (ITAMs) bind kinases, such as Syk family kinases (e.g. ZAP70 for T-cell receptor) that phosphorylate a range ... SHP2 and the phosphatidylinositol phosphatase SHIP-1. The phosphatases can attenuate the signal by dephosphorylating a broad ... "Suboptimal cross-linking of antigen receptor induces Syk-dependent activation of p70S6 kinase through protein kinase C and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-catalytic_tyrosine-phosphorylated_receptor

"Activation of the Eck receptor protein tyrosine kinase stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 269 ( ... "Ligand recognition by A-class Eph receptors: crystal structures of the EphA2 ligand-binding domain and the EphA2/ephrin-A1 ... Pratt RL, Kinch MS (October 2002). "Activation of the EphA2 tyrosine kinase stimulates the MAP/ERK kinase signaling cascade". ... "Activation of the Eck receptor protein tyrosine kinase stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 269 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPH_receptor_A2

IFN-γ binds to the type II cell-surface receptor, also known as the IFN-gamma receptor (IFNGR) which is part of the class II ... One key pathway triggered by IFN-γ binding IFNGRs is the Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription ... The JAK proteins also lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K leads to the activation of protein ... class II expression on APCs; induce CD8+ cytotoxic T cell differention, activation, and proliferation; and activate macrophages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_type_II

IGF-II and belongs to the large class of receptor tyrosine kinase. Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the ... This then catalyses the conversion of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3 ... PIP3 acts as a secondary messenger and induces the activation of phosphatidylinositol dependent protein kinase, which then ... PI-3K can convert the membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_receptor

"Phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase by the multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in smooth muscle ... In 1980, Tansey pursued her undergraduate education at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. She completed her ... "Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activity Blocks Depolarization- and Insulin-like Growth Factor I-mediated Survival ... Under the mentorship of James T. Stull, Tansey explored the role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylation in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malú_G._Tansey

One class of these domains was shown to bind selectively to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. PH domains are known to ... FGD1 also activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascade, important in cell differentiation and apoptosis. It ... JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase, and actin filament assembly by the exchange factor FGD1". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (25): 15453- ... 69 (3): 747-52. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1980. PMID 19141649. Estrada L, Caron E, Gorski JL (March 2001). "Fgd1, the Cdc42 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGD1

The inositol ring can be phosphorylated by a variety of kinases on the three, four and five hydroxyl groups in seven different ... a class of the phosphatidylglycerides. In such molecules the isomer of the inositol group is assumed to be the myo- conformer ... P Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, also known as PtdIns5P or PI(5)P Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates: Phosphatidylinositol 3 ... The phosphatidylinositol can be phosphorylated to form phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PI-4-P, referred to as PIP in close ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol

... and the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (16): 6889-98. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.16.6889-6898.2005. ... "Identification of CD72 as a lymphocyte receptor for the class IV semaphorin CD100: a novel mechanism for regulating B cell ... "Sema4D/plexin-B1 activates GSK-3β through R-Ras GAP activity, inducing growth cone collapse". EMBO Reports. 7 (7): 704-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEMA4D

Cathepsin L1 is active at neutral pH by associating with a p41 splice variant of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain ... 2005). "Distinct roles of the receptor tyrosine kinases Tie1 and Tie2 in blood vessel formation". Cell. 123 (2): 291-304. doi: ... Kumar, P; Amin, MA; Harlow, LA; Polverini, PJ; Koch, AE (2003). "Src and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediate soluble E- ... Many additional classes of enzymes have been identified that facilitate angiogenesis. They include serine, aspartic, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteases_in_angiogenesis

As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1INP and 1JP4. Berridge MJ ... This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. ... Portal: Biology v t e (EC 3.1.3, Enzymes of known structure, All stub articles, EC 3.1 stubs). ... and tetraphosphates of inositol by 5-phosphomonoesterase and 3-kinase enzymes". J. Biol. Chem. 262 (5): 2146-9. PMID 3029066. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol-1,4-bisphosphate_1-phosphatase

Ho JC, Cheung ST, Patil M, Chen X, Fan ST (September 2006). "Increased expression of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor ... The anchor attachment protein 1 contains an N-terminal signal sequence, 1 cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase ... chromosome loci and the presence of a minor class intron". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 84 (3-4): 199-205. doi:10.1159/ ... 421 (3): 252-8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01576-7. PMID 9468317. S2CID 30327972. Inoue N, Ohishi K, Endo Y, Fujita T, Takeda J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPAA1

Downward was educated at Eton College and earned a first class Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences from Clare College, ... J. Downward; J. de Gunzburg; R. Riehl; R. A. Weinberg (1988). "p21ras-induced responsiveness of phosphatidylinositol turnover ... and to demonstrate that GTP-bound Ras binds to and activates the RAF kinase, which controls the mitogen-activated protein ... kinase pathway. Julian was first to demonstrate that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is also a Ras effector, important ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Downward

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase) regulates gene transcription through successive kinase ... PLC cleaves the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacyl glycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5- ... Second messengers can be classified into three classes: Hydrophilic/cytosolic - are soluble in water and are localized at the ... Protein Kinase B). This kinase is involved in cell survival and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular growth and maintenance of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

1997). "A novel link between integrins, transmembrane-4 superfamily proteins (CD63 and CD81), and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase ... 1996). "Supramolecular complexes of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD20, and tetraspan molecules (CD53, CD81, and CD82) at the ... 147 (3): 1030-6. PMID 1650385. Clark K.L.; Zeng Z.; Langford A.L.; Bowen S.M.; Todd S.C. (November 2001). "PGRL is a major CD81 ... 155 (3): 1229-39. PMID 7636191. Horváth G, Serru V, Clay D, Billard M, Boucheix C, Rubinstein E (Nov 1998). "CD19 is linked to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD81

Beta adrenergic receptor kinase Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2 There is no α1C receptor. There was a subtype known as C, but ... The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines ... Upon activation, a heterotrimeric G protein, Gq, activates phospholipase C (PLC). The PLC cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5- ... United States of America: MCGraw-Hill Education. 2018. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-259-64115-2. Santulli G, Lombardi A, Sorriento D, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor

First-in-human phase I study of copanlisib (BAY 80-6946), an intravenous pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, ... First-in-human phase I study of copanlisib (BAY 80-6946), an intravenous pan-class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, ... A Patnaik 1 , L J Appleman 2 , A W Tolcher 3 , K P Papadopoulos 3 , M Beeram 3 , D W Rasco 3 , G J Weiss 4 , J C Sachdev 5 , M ... A Patnaik 1 , L J Appleman 2 , A W Tolcher 3 , K P Papadopoulos 3 , M Beeram 3 , D W Rasco 3 , G J Weiss 4 , J C Sachdev 5 , M ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27672108

Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2ß, are involved in cellular processes including endocytosis ... Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α and ß isoforms are required for vascular smooth muscle Rho activation, contraction and ... Blood pressure; Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Contraction; Rho; Vascular smooth muscle ... Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α and ß isoforms are required for vascular smo ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/resource/pt/mdl-32192434

5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (human). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds ... C2_PI3K_class_I_alpha; C2 domain present in class I alpha phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). smart00144. Location:173 → ... C2_PI3K_class_I_alpha; C2 domain present in class I alpha phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). smart00144. Location:173 → ... PI3-kinase p110 subunit alpha. mutant phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=(PIK3CA%5BGene%20Name%5D)%20AND%209606%5BTaxonomy%20ID%5D

Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Grant support * U01 CA224146/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ... Natalie B Collins 1 2 , Rose Al Abosy 1 , Brian C Miller 3 , Kevin Bi 4 , Qihong Zhao 5 , Michael Quigley 6 , Jeffrey J ... Results: We found that expression of a catalytically active mutation in phospho-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K), PIK3CA c.3140A,G ( ... 3 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35264433/

part_of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type I IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... class III. Is expressed in central nervous system; extraembryonic visceral endoderm; sensory organ; and spleen. Used to study ... enables protein kinase binding ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology. more info. enables protein-macromolecule adaptor activity ... part_of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex, class III, type II IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=56208

Health & Education. * *Health & Education. * Brochures & Fact Sheets If you are giving a presentation about an environmental ... Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism; Rats; Receptors, IgE/immunology; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/biosynthesis; Silver/ ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=3250183

Syk-dependent activation of class Ia phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.. Popa-Nita O; Rollet-Labelle E; Thibault N; Gilbert C; ... 9. Crystal-induced neutrophil activation: X. Proinflammatory role of the tyrosine kinase Tec.. Popa-Nita O; Marois L; Paré G; ... 3. P2Y6 receptor signaling pathway mediates inflammatory responses induced by monosodium urate crystals.. Uratsuji H; Tada Y; ... 1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-3-Acetyl-rac-Glycerol (PLAG) Mitigates Monosodium Urate (MSU)-Induced Acute Gouty Inflammation in BALB/ ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=27903742&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

... of an enzyme called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Learn about this gene and related health conditions. ... The PIK3CA gene provides instructions for making the p110 alpha (p110α) protein, which is one piece (subunit) ... Like other kinases, PI3K adds a cluster of oxygen and phosphorus atoms (a phosphate group) to other proteins through a process ... Class I PI3K in oncogenic cellular transformation. Oncogene. 2008 Sep 18;27(41):5486-96. doi: 10.1038/onc.2008.244. Citation on ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pik3ca/

Identification of Barkor as a mammalian autophagy-specific factor for Beclin 1 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Sun ...

https://www.addgene.org/24399/

... class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RACE-PCR: rapid amplification of cDNA-ends by polymerase chain reaction; RNA: ... Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; Atg1/ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG9: ... mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NCBI: national center for biotechnology information; ORF: open reading frame; PBS: ... 3:1;4:1;5:2;6:1; FF 1:PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM;2:PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM;3:PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM;4:PDG-RBE-SGMM-LGPMM;5:PDG-RBE;6:PDG-RBE- ...

https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00606/71785/export.txt

Hayashi H, Tsuchiya Y, Nakayama K, Satoh T, Nishida E (2008) Down-regulation of the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway by ERK MAP kinase in ... Beclin 1 also contributes, along with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III (PI3K3C; EC 2.7.1.137), towards the formation ... p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase isoform 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) [152]. ... Son Y, Cheong YK, Kim NH, Chung HT, Kang DG, Pae HO (2011) Mitogen-activated protein kinases and reactive oxygen species: how ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s11671-017-2007-y

https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/PIK3CA

Identification of Barkor as a mammalian autophagy-specific factor for Beclin 1 and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ... DAP-kinase-mediated phosphorylation on the BH3 domain of beclin 1 promotes dissociation of beclin 1 from Bcl-XL and induction ... Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 inhibits TRAF6 ubiquitination by interrupting the formation of TAK1-TAB2 complex in TLR4 ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=20798608&mod=related&page=2&proj=

Antineoplastic Agents, mTOR Kinase Inhibitors. Class Summary. Agents in this class halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase in tumor ... Pan class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with predominant inhibitory activity against PI3K-alpha and PI3K- ... Class Summary. This drug class inhibits one or more of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase enzymes, which are part of the PI3K/AKT/ ... Class Summary. The agents in this class target specific antigens in carcinoma cells and induce cytotoxicity. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/203399-medication

Members of this class play a role in vesicular transport and in the regulation of TOR KINASES.. Terms. Class III ... Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Narrower Concept UI. M0543175. Registry Number. EC 2.7.1.137. Terms. ... Members of this class play a role in vesicular transport and in the regulation of TOR KINASES.. Entry Term(s). Class III ... Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Preferred Term Term UI T764998. Date01/29/2010. LexicalTag NON. ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D058546

PINK1 is a kinase with a mitochondrial targeting sequence and a serine/threonine kinase domain and can be processed by ... acts as a class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). Particularly, ULK1 ... TANK-binding kinase), its activating kinase, are suggested to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, by inhibiting the efficient ... Mammalian ULK1/2 (homologous to yeast Atg1 and C. elegans UNC-51) kinases pre-exist in the cytosol as a complex with ATG13 ( ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/7/5/37

Pan class I phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with predominant inhibitory activity against PI3K-alpha and PI3K- ... Adding plans allows you to compare formulary status to other drugs in the same class. ... The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer. ... The recipient will receive more details and instructions to access this offer. ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/aliqopa-copanlisib-1000177

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Medicine & Life Sciences 38% ... Of the Class I enzymes, only PI3K? is regulated both by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs ... Regulation of the Class IA PI 3-kinase PIK3CB. *Backer, Jonathan M. (CoPI) ... Notably, disrupting GPCR inputs to PI3K? caused a greater decrease in tumor growth than eliminating PI3K? lipid kinase activity ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/regulation-of-the-class-ia-pi-3-kinase-pik3cb-2

We demonstrate that DPTEN modulates tissue mass by acting antagonistically to the Drosophila Class I phosphatidylinositol 3- ... Drosophila tumor suppressor PTEN controls cell size and number by antagonizing the Chico/PI3-kinase signaling pathway. ... Drosophila tumor suppressor PTEN controls cell size and number by antagonizing the Chico/ PI3-kinase signaling pathway.. The ... kinase, Dp110, and its upstream activator Chico, an insulin receptor substrate homolog. Surprisingly, although DPTEN does not ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/10617573.html

Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.. Hartono AB, Kang HJ, Shi L, ... Ischemic preconditioning activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase upstream of protein kinase C.. Tong H, Chen W, Steenbergen C, ... Dissecting the multifactorial causes of immunodominance in class I-restricted T cell responses to viruses.. Chen W, Antón LC, ... Age-related decline in Ras/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is linked to a reduced association between Shc and EGF ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/staff-directory/biography/chen-weiping/publications

Identification of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type II beta as HLA class II-restricted target in graft versus leukemia ... We previously identified 5 HLA class II restricted polymorphic antigens as targets for allo-reactive CD4 T cells in a patient ... As such, proteins targeted in coordinated T- and B-cell responses may represent a class of immunodominant antigens in clinical ... We previously identified LB-PTK2B-1T as HLA class II restricted polymorphic antigen in a patient treated with donor lymphocyte ...

https://haematologica.org/article/view/6938

Comment: Pilaralisib is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the class I phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) ... family of lipid kinases, with potential antineoplastic activity [1-2]. Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts. These are box plot ...

https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=structure&ligandId=7963

... non-catalytic region of the non-receptor class of tyrosine kinases. In addition, the structure of p47gag-crk has striking ... PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE, P85-ALPHA SUBUNIT: C-TERMINAL SH2 DOMAIN COMPLEXED WITH A TYR751 PHOSPHOPEPTIDE FROM THE PDGF ... Crystal structure of the PI3-kinase p85 N-terminal SH2 domain. 2iuh. Crystal structure of the PI3-kinase p85 N-terminal SH2 ... The kinase p56lck (Lck) is a T-lymphocyte-specific member of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Members of the ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=SH2&START=370&END=460&E_VALUE=5.57e-8&TYPE=SMART&BLAST=AELCHGPITLDFAIHKLKAAGSLPGTYILRRSPQDYDSFLLTACVQTPLGPDYKGCLIRQDPSGAFSLVGLSQPHRSLRELLAACWNSGLR

Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK). Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a member of the SYK family of tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine kinases ... Class IA PI3K is composed of a heterodimer between a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. Many of its functions ... Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinases (PI3K) Alpha and Beta Subunits. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinases ... Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), also known as dardarin, belongs to the Ras of a ...

https://lifechemicals.com/screening-libraries/targeted-and-focused-screening-libraries/anti-inflammatory-library

Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - Preferred Concept UI. M0543055. Scope note. A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass ... Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Entry term(s). Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3 ... Kinases Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Class I ... Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase. Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase, Class I. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Class I. ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=54044

Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Preferred Term Term UI T764938. Date01/28/2010. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2011). ... This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS and G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS.. Entry Term(s). ... Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, p85beta Subunit Narrower Concept UI. M0543156. Registry Number. 0. Terms. Class Ia ... Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, p55gamma Subunit Narrower Concept UI. M0543157. Registry Number. 0. Terms. Class Ia ...

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D058543

Pyruvate Kinase M1 Suppresses Development and Progression of Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Davidson, S. M., Schmidt, D. R., Heyman, ... Phase I dose-escalation trial of PT2385, a first-in-class hypoxia-inducible factor-2a antagonist in patients with previously ... Pyruvate kinase M2 activators promote tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis. Anastasiou, D., Yu, Y., Israelsen, W. J., ... Erratum: Pyruvate kinase M2 activators promote tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis (Nature Chemical Biology (2012) 8 ...

https://utsouthwestern.elsevierpure.com/en/persons/kevin-d-courtney/publications/

IL-10 inhibits the starvation induced autophagy in macrophages via class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Park, ... Programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6) protein interacts with death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPk1): Additive effect on apoptosis ... Impaired response to Listeria in H2-M3-deficient mice reveals a nonredundant role of MHC class Ib-specific T cells in host ... Choi, S. P., Choi, C. Y., Park, K., Kim, N., Moon, H. S., Lee, D. & Chun, T., 2016 Feb 3, In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 178 ...

https://pure.korea.ac.kr/en/persons/taehoon-chun/publications/?page=1&ordering=title&descending=false

Patient Education. Ensure that patients are aware that this disease is hereditary and that their children have a 50% chance of ... Polycystin-1 induces cell migration by regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements and ... Patient education information is available at Living With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. ... A PROPKD score of 3 or less eliminates evolution to KRT before 60 years of age, with a negative predictive value of 81.4%. A ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/244907-71162/what-should-be-included-in-patient-education-for-autosomal-dominant-polycystic-kidney-disease-adpkd

Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), PI3K-C2α and PI3K-C2ß, are involved in cellular processes including endocytosis , cilia formation and autophagy . (bvsalud.org)
The PIK3CA gene provides instructions for making the p110 alpha (p110α) protein, which is one piece (subunit) of an enzyme called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). (medlineplus.gov)
Like other kinases, PI3K adds a cluster of oxygen and phosphorus atoms (a phosphate group) to other proteins through a process called phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)
Of the Class I enzymes, only PI3K? (elsevier.com)
is regulated both by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), the latter through direct binding of the PI3K? (elsevier.com)
An attractive molecular target for novel anti-cancer therapies is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway which is commonly deregulated in many types of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinases (also called phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, PI3K) are a family of enzymes involved in several cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and intracellular trafficking. (lifechemicals.com)
Class IA PI3K is composed of a heterodimer between a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. (lifechemicals.com)
The molecular pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is thought to be initiated by point mutations that result in dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. (medscape.com)

Exposure to asphalt fumes activates activator protein-1 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt signaling pathway in mouse epidermal cells. (cdc.gov)

Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins. (lookformedical.com)
It is an endogenous inhibitor of RAF KINASES and may play a role in regulating SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that mediates TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-dependent CELL CYCLE arrest. (lookformedical.com)
Furthermore, RGC-5 cells were exposed to broad-spectrum (LY294002) or p110 isoform-selective (PI-103) PI 3-kinase inhibitors (versus Akt inhibitor) to assess the consequent effects on Akt phosphorylation, caspase-3/PARP cleavage, apoptotic phenotype, and cell viability, as a function of serum trophic factors. (johnshopkins.edu)

These intracellular signal transducer enzymes produce a signaling intermediate by phosphorylating the 3 -position hydroxyl group of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol. (lifechemicals.com)
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase phosphorylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol at the 3-prime position. (nih.gov)

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes whose specificity is limited to 1-phosphatidylinositol. (nih.gov)
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes with a specificity for 1-phosphatidylinositol, 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, and 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (bvsalud.org)
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes formed through the heterodimerization of a p110 catalytic and a p85, p55, or p50 regulatory subunit. (nih.gov)
This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORS and G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS . (nih.gov)
A ubiquitously expressed raf kinase subclass that plays an important role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is composed of an 85 kDa regulatory subunit and a 110 kDa catalytic subunit. (nih.gov)
Binds to activated (phosphorylated) protein-Tyr kinases, through its SH2 domain, and acts as an adapter, mediating the association of the p110 catalytic unit to the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)

lipid kinase activity. (elsevier.com)
Normal rat retinas and RGC-5 cells were used for (1) immunohistochemical and immunoblot studies to detect PDGF receptor (PDGFR) subtypes and (2) immunoprecipitation, immunoblot, and in vitro lipid kinase assays to determine basal and PDGF-induced class I A PI 3-kinase/Akt survival signaling, in comparison with insulin or IGF-1 responses. (johnshopkins.edu)

A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (lookformedical.com)
Furthermore, RGC-5 cells showed PDGFR-α/β tyrosine phosphorylation that induced the p85α regulatory subunit to activate p110α/β- associated class I A PI 3-kinase, which in turn enhanced Akt phosphorylation. (johnshopkins.edu)

The c-raf Kinases are MAP kinase kinase kinases that have specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 1 and MAP KINASE KINASE 2. (lookformedical.com)

PAPbeta, a protein that binds to and is phosphorylated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase PYK2, contains several modular signaling domains including a pleckstrin homology domain, an SH3 domain, ankyrin repeats and an ARF-GAP domain. (embl.de)
The present findings provide direct evidence of two distinct modes of retinal class I A PI 3-kinase activation that occurs in response to PDGF receptor and insulin/IGF-1 receptor stimulation. (johnshopkins.edu)

Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. (lookformedical.com)

PDGF-induced PI 3-kinase/PIP3/Akt axis may provide new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate cell death in diabetic retinopathy and other retinal neurodegenerations. (johnshopkins.edu)

1 Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Rd, Beijing, 100142, China. (nih.gov)

Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 is a potential therapeutic target in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor. (nih.gov)

Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Akt regulates bleomycin-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. (cdc.gov)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate a wide range of cellular functions, including growth and survival, metabolism, lipid and protein synthesis, and motility. (elsevier.com)

previously unrecognized cohorts of patients may benefit from therapies that target the PI3-kinase pathway. (nih.gov)

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. (lookformedical.com)

Class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α and ß isoforms are required for vascular smooth muscle Rho activation, contraction and blood pressure regulation in mice. (bvsalud.org)
Members of this class play a role in vesicular transport and in the regulation of TOR KINASES . (nih.gov)

This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)

The structure of the SH2 domain belongs to the alpha+beta class, its overall shape forming a compact flattened hemisphere. (embl.de)

The loop between strands 2 and 3 provides many of the binding interactions with the phosphate group of its phosphopeptide ligand, and is hence designated the phosphate binding loop, the phosphorylated ligand binds perpendicular to the beta-sheet and typically interacts with the phosphate binding loop and a hydrophobic binding pocket that interacts with a pY+3 side chain. (embl.de)
It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2. (lookformedical.com)

A group of cell cycle proteins that negatively regulate the activity of CYCLIN/CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE complexes. (lookformedical.com)
Both retinas and RGC-5 cells exhibited a similar pattern of subunit-specific basal class I A PI 3-kinase activity, which was stimulated in a temporal and signal-specific manner by PDGF and insulin/IGF-1. (johnshopkins.edu)

When autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine or Bafilomycin A1, drug cytotoxicity was increased, indicating that autophagy is a protective mechanism. (oncotarget.com)

To compare PDGF- and insulin/IGF-1-induced class I A PI 3-kinase/Akt survival signaling in normal retinas and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). (johnshopkins.edu)

October 2013 NDF-RT (version name 2013.10.07) Content in this version of NDF-RT represents refreshed NDF and RxNorm data, comprising the following changes based on August 2013 NDF content (patch 370) and full RxNorm release dated 9/3/2013. (nih.gov)

2022 Mar;10(3):e003402. (nih.gov)

Classes for this protein according to by Drug Target Ontology (DTO). (nih.gov)

A book by K. Drexler [ 3 ] " Nanosystems: molecular machinery , manufacturing and computation " contributed to the popularization of the knowledge in this area. (springer.com)
Finally, Aim 3 uses analytical ultracentrifugation, which measures the molecular weight of oligomers independently of shape, to define interactions between PTEN and PI3Ks. (elsevier.com)

As such, proteins targeted in coordinated T- and B-cell responses may represent a class of immunodominant antigens in clinical responses after alloSCT. (haematologica.org)
Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing SH2 domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)

Sci Rep (2018 Sep 3) 8:13128. (nih.gov)

We previously identified 5 HLA class II restricted polymorphic antigens as targets for allo-reactive CD4 T cells in a patient with relapsed chronic myeloid leukemia who responded to donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after HLA-matched alloSCT. (haematologica.org)
Exposure of serum-deprived RGC-5 cells to PI 3-kinase or Akt inhibitors increased susceptibility to apoptotic phenotype as revealed by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. (johnshopkins.edu)

lt;div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item">Zika virus (ZIKV) spreads to people primarily through bite by infected Aedes mosquitoes. (nih.gov)

Anatomy6

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes23

Information Science3

PI3-kinase upregulation and involvement in spontaneous tone in arteries from DOCA-salt rats: is p110delta the culprit? (1/93)

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in murine asthma model. (2/93)

ANG II enhances contractile responses via PI3-kinase p110 delta pathway in aortas from diabetic rats with systemic hyperinsulinemia. (3/93)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 and PTEN deletion enhance cardiac L-type Ca2+ currents via increased PI3Kalpha/PKB signaling. (4/93)

A pharmacological map of the PI3-K family defines a role for p110alpha in insulin signaling. (5/93)

Regulation of epidermal homeostasis and repair by phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (6/93)

The p110alpha isoform of PI3K is essential for proper growth factor signaling and oncogenic transformation. (7/93)

Cutting edge: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110 delta is critical for the function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. (8/93)

No images available that match "class i phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases"

Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)

1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Isoenzymes

Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates

Histocompatibility Antigens Class I

Phosphatidylinositols

Genes, MHC Class I

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Chromones

Androstadienes

Protein Kinases

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

Morpholines

Signal Transduction

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

Phosphorylation

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

src-Family Kinases

Molecular Sequence Data

Protein Kinase C

Enzyme Activation

Cell Line

Amino Acid Sequence

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Enzyme Inhibitors

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Protein Binding

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases

Transfection

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

Kinetics

Cells, Cultured

Type C Phospholipases

Phosphoproteins

Mutation

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

p21-Activated Kinases

Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Cell Membrane

CDP-Diacylglycerol-Inositol 3-Phosphatidyltransferase

Inositol

Base Sequence

Tyrosine

Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases

Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase

Recombinant Proteins

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

Blotting, Western

MAP Kinase Kinase 1

Binding Sites

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Phospholipids

Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Creatine Kinase

Cell Line, Tumor

CDC2 Protein Kinase

Calcium

Apoptosis

Casein Kinase II

Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Casein Kinases

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Substrate Specificity

H-2 Antigens