Citrus sinensis
Citrus
Clonorchis sinensis
Xanthomonas axonopodis
Plant Vascular Bundle
Camellia sinensis
Clonorchiasis
Plant Leaves
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Plant Proteins
Structural basis of the rind disorder oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). (1/138)
Oleocellosis, a physiological rind disorder of citrus fruit, is an unattractive surface blemish caused by phytotoxic effects of released rind oils. The development of oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was examined by following a time sequence of surface symptoms and microscopic rind changes. The two natural causes of oleocellosis were simulated: mechanical damage to the fruit and transfer of rind oil between fruit. Mechanical fruit injury resulted in rupture of the epidermis above oil glands. Released surface oil appeared to infiltrate the rind via the ruptured epidermis resulting in rapid degeneration of cortical, but not epidermal, cell contents. Oil application to the rind surface produced a more severe blemish than did mechanical damage. The oil appeared to diffuse through the cuticle causing degeneration of the contents of all cell layers, including the epidermis. Loss of membrane integrity was detected within 30 min, followed by cell content degeneration and cell collapse. The resulting blemish, characterized by rind collapse and darkening, developed substantially within 3 d and was attributed to the cellular damage. (+info)Characterization of Pinalate, a novel Citrus sinensis mutant with a fruit-specific alteration that results in yellow pigmentation and decreased ABA content. (2/138)
The characterization of a novel mutant, named Pinalate, derived from the orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Navelate, which produces distinctive yellow fruits instead of the typical bright orange colouration, is reported. The carotenoid content and composition, and ABA content in leaf and flavedo tissue (coloured part of the skin) of fruits at different developmental and maturation stages were analysed. No important differences in leaf carotenoid pattern of both phenotypes were found. However, an unusual accumulation of linear carotenes (phytoene, phytofluene and zeta- carotene) was detected in the flavedo of Pinalate. As fruit maturation progressed, the flavedo of mutant fruit accumulated high amounts of these carotenes and the proportion of cyclic and oxygenated carotenoids was substantially lower than in the parental line. Full-coloured fruit of Pinalate contained about 44% phytoene, 21% phytofluene, 25% zeta-carotene, and 10% of xanthophylls, whereas, in Navelate, 98% of total carotenoids were xanthophylls and apocarotenoids. The ABA content in the flavedo of Pinalate mature fruit was 3-6 times lower than in the corresponding tissue of Navelate, while no differences were found in leaves. Other maturation processes were not affected in Pinalate fruit. Taken together, the results indicate that Pinalate is a fruit-specific alteration defective in zeta-carotene desaturase or in zeta-carotene desaturase-associated factors. Possible mechanisms responsible for the Pinalate phenotype are discussed. Because of the abnormal fruit-specific carotenoid complement and ABA deficiency, Pinalate may constitute an excellent system for the study of carotenogenesis in Citrus and the involvement of ABA in fruit maturation and stress responses. (+info)Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a lipid transfer protein expressed in 'Valencia' orange during abscission. (3/138)
The genetics and expression of a lipid transfer protein (LTP) gene was examined during abscission of mature fruit of 'Valencia' orange. A cDNA encoding an LTP, CsLTP, was isolated from a cDNA subtraction library constructed from mature fruit abscission zones 48 h after application of a mature fruit-specific abscission agent, 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-pyrazole (CMN-pyrazole). A full-length cDNA clone of 652 nucleotides was isolated using 5' and 3' RACE followed by cDNA library screening and PCR amplification. The cDNA clone encoded a protein of 155 amino acid residues with a molecular mass and isoelectric point of 9.18 kDa and 9.12, respectively. A partial genomic clone of 505 nucleotides containing one intron of 101 base pairs was amplified from leaf genomic DNA. Southern blot hybridization demonstrated that at least two closely related CsLTP genes are present in 'Valencia' orange. Temporal expression patterns in mature fruit abscission zones were examined by northern hybridization. Increased expression of CsLTP mRNA was detected in RNA of mature fruit abscission zones 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after application of a non-specific abscission agent, ethephon. Low expression of CsLTP transcripts was observed after treatment of CMN-pyrazole until 24 h after application. After this time, expression markedly increased. The results suggest that CsLTP has a role in the abscission process, possibly by assisting transport of cutin monomers to the fracture plane of the abscission zone or through its anti-microbial activity by reducing the potential of microbial attack. (+info)Effect of orange juice intake on vitamin C concentrations and biomarkers of antioxidant status in humans. (4/138)
BACKGROUND: Consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with improved health and a decreased prevalence of chronic degenerative processes. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to assess the bioavailability of vitamin C from orange juice and its influence on plasma vitamin C and 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2 alpha)) concentrations in a healthy human population. DESIGN: Six men and 6 women consumed 500 mL commercial fresh-squeezed orange juice/d for 14 d, corresponding to an intake of 250 mg ascorbic acid/d. On the first day of the study, the subjects drank the juice in one dose (dose-response study), and on days 2-14 they consumed 250 mL in the morning and 250 mL in the afternoon. Blood was collected every hour for 6 h on the first day and again on days 7 and 14. RESULTS: Baseline plasma vitamin C concentrations were significantly higher (P = 0.03) among the women than among the men (56.4 +/- 4.4 compared with 44.3 +/- 3.5 micromol/L). In the dose-response study, the maximum increase in plasma vitamin C occurred 3 h postdose in both the men and the women. Vitamin C concentrations remained significantly higher on days 7 and 14 than at baseline. Baseline concentrations of 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) were significantly higher (P = 0.03) among the men than among the women (249.6 +/- 25.4 compared with 177.7 +/- 6.2 pg/mL) but decreased significantly (P = 0.04) by day 14 of the intervention. A significant inverse correlation was observed between vitamin C and 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) (r = -0.791, P = 0.0022). Among smokers, baseline vitamin C was lower and 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) higher than among nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: Drinking orange juice (500 mL/d) increases plasma concentrations of vitamin C and reduces concentrations of 8-epi-PGF(2 alpha) in humans. These effects were significantly more pronounced in smokers. (+info)Analysis of gene expression in two growth states of Xylella fastidiosa and its relationship with pathogenicity. (5/138)
Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogen responsible for diseases of economically important crops. Although there is considerable disagreement about its mechanism of pathogenicity, blockage of the vessels is one of the most accepted hypotheses. Loss of virulence by this bacterium was observed after serial passages in axenic culture. To confirm the loss of pathogenicity of X. fastidiosa, the causing agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), freshly-isolated bacteria (first passage [FP] condition) as well as bacteria obtained after 46 passages in axenic culture (several passage [SP] condition) were inoculated into sweet orange and periwinkle plants. Using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we verified that the colonization of FP cells was more efficient for both hosts. The sequence of the complete X. fastidiosa genome allowed the construction of a DNA microarray that was used to investigate the total changes in gene expression associated with the FP condition. Most genes found to be induced in the FP condition were associated with adhesion and probably with adaptation to the host environment. This report represents the first study of the transcriptome of this pathogen, which has recently gained more importance, since the genome of several strains has been either partially or entirely sequenced. (+info)Accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in citrus fruit. (6/138)
The relationship between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during fruit maturation was investigated in three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). We cloned the cDNAs for phytoene synthase (CitPSY), phytoene desaturase (CitPDS), zeta-carotene (car) desaturase (CitZDS), carotenoid isomerase (CitCRTISO), lycopene beta-cyclase (CitLCYb), beta-ring hydroxylase (CitHYb), zeaxanthin (zea) epoxidase (CitZEP), and lycopene epsilon-cyclase (CitLCYe) from Satsuma mandarin, which shared high identities in nucleotide sequences with Valencia orange, Lisbon lemon, and other plant species. With the transition of peel color from green to orange, the change from beta,epsilon-carotenoid (alpha-car and lutein) accumulation to beta,beta-carotenoid (beta-car, beta-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation was observed in the flavedos of Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, accompanying the disappearance of CitLCYe transcripts and the increase in CitLCYb transcripts. Even in green fruit, high levels of beta,epsilon-carotenoids and CitLCYe transcripts were not observed in the juice sacs. As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb, and CitZEP) led to massive beta,beta-xanthophyll (beta-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs. The gene expression of CitCRTISO was kept low or decreased in the flavedo during massive beta,beta-xanthophyll accumulation. In the flavedo of Lisbon lemon and Satsuma mandarin, massive accumulation of phytoene was observed with a decrease in the transcript level for CitPDS. Thus, the carotenoid accumulation during citrus fruit maturation was highly regulated by the coordination of the expression among carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In this paper, the mechanism leading to diversity in beta,beta-xanthophyll compositions between Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange was also discussed on the basis of the substrate specificity of beta-ring hydroxylase and the balance of expression between upstream synthesis genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, and CitLCYb) and downstream synthesis genes (CitHYb and CitZEP). (+info)Browning and decomposed products of model orange juice. (7/138)
A model solution of orange juice containing sugars, ascorbic acid, and citric acid was prepared and its browning during storage was examined. The solution gradually turned brown. Ascorbic acid (AsA) most contributed to the browning. Citric acid and such amino acids as Arg and Pro promoted the browning. DTPA, a strong chelator, inhibited the browning. 3-Hydroxy-2-pyrone (3OH2P), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, 5-hydroxymaltol, and 2-furoic acid were identified as decomposed products in the stored solution. When 3OH2P was stored, the solution turned slightly brown. Furfural solution added with amino acids turned yellow. 3OH2P showed a positive relation with the browning of retail orange juice during storage. (+info)Eggplant (Solanum melongena) extract does not alter serum lipid levels. (8/138)
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of eggplant extract on serum lipid levels with that of lovastatin. METHODS: The study included 21 individuals of both sexes, with total cholesterol (TC) levels > 200 mg/dL, no diabetes, no contraindication for the use of statins, and no use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, divided into the following 3 groups: 1) the eggplant group (B), in which the patients drank 1 glass of eggplant extract with orange juice before breakfast each morning; 2) the statin group (E), in which the patients received 20 mg of lovastatin in the evening after dinner; 3) control group (C), in which the patients received no treatment. Total cholesterol and fractions (HDL, LDL), and triglycerides were measured 3 times at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: The baseline lipid levels were similar in the 3 groups. After 6 weeks, a significant reduction in TC levels (from 245.29 +/- 41.69 to 205.71 +/- 46.45; P=0.02) and in LDL-cholesterol levels (from 170.83 +/- 41.76 to 121.29 +/- 44.90; P=0.008) was observed in group E. In group B, total cholesterol (from 230.60 +/- 19.30 to 240.20 +/- 16.22; P=0.27) and LDL-cholesterol (from 139.60 +/- 21.49 to 154.40 +/- 9.66; P=0.06) showed no statistically significant variation, as in group C. No significant variation was observed in the HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the 3 groups throughout the study. CONCLUSION: The eggplant extract with orange juice is not to be considered an alternative to statins in reducing serum levels of cholesterol. (+info)Human infection by Clonorchis sinensis is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in Asia where the parasite is most prevalent. The disease is often found in areas where sanitation and hygiene are poor, and where fish consumption is a major part of the diet. In endemic areas, clonorchiasis can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among individuals who consume raw or undercooked fish on a regular basis.
Preventive measures against clonorchiasis include proper cooking of fish, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked fish, and avoiding contact with contaminated water. In areas where the parasite is common, public health campaigns may be implemented to raise awareness about the risks of eating raw or undercooked fish and to promote proper cooking methods. In addition, efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene can help reduce the risk of infection.
In conclusion, Clonorchiasis is a serious disease caused by the liver fluke, Clonorchis sinensis, which is found in freshwater fish. Proper cooking of fish, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked fish, and avoiding contact with contaminated water are important preventive measures against clonorchiasis. Public health campaigns and efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene can also help reduce the risk of infection and manage symptoms of the disease.
Sources:
1. World Health Organization. (2019). Clonorchiasis. Retrieved from
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Parasites - Clonorchis sinensis. Retrieved from
3. Naja, H. J., & Ragi, M. A. (2016). Clonorchiasis: An overview of the disease and its current treatment options. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 8(4), 349-357.
4. Xu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Clonorchiasis: A review of the current situation in China. Parasites & Vectors, 9(1), 385.
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Citrus sinensis oil Archives - Get Natural Essential Oils
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Frontiers | Non-destructive Storage Time Prediction of Newhall Navel Oranges Based on the Characteristics of Rind Oil Glands
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Sweet orange nutrition, common name, origin, wine, uses, health, medicinal benefits, recipes, notes, varieties
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Osbeck5
- Blood orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] has been increasingly appreciated by consumers worldwide owing to its brilliant red color, abundant anthocyanin and other health-promoting compounds. (au.dk)
- 4. Antioxidant content and free radical scavenging ability of fresh red pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] juice and freeze-dried products. (nih.gov)
- ex Tan x Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) containing anthocyanins. (nih.gov)
- 12. Chemical composition and sensory profile of pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) juice. (nih.gov)
- Most citrus orchards in Brazil's northeastern region are located in the north of Bahia (BA) and in Sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] the south of Sergipe (SE) on a strip of the is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, geoenvironmental unit named Coastal Tablelands both as fresh fruits and as juice. (bvsalud.org)
Pomelo3
- Orange (Citrus sinensis) is a citrus fruit and a hybrid of pomelo and mandarin orange. (tropicalgardenplants.com)
- Of these ten, seven were native to Asia: pomelo ( Citrus maxima ), the 'pure' mandarins ( C. reticulata - most mandarin cultivars were hybrids of this species with pomelo), citrons ( C. medica ), micranthas ( C. micrantha ), the Ichang papeda ( C. cavaleriei ), the mangshanyegan ( C. mangshanensis ), and the oval (Nagami) kumquat ( Fortunella margarita or C. japonica var. (wikipedia.org)
- Botanically, orange is a citrus fruit that belongs to the family Rutaceae of the genus citrus (which includes: pomelo, mandarin orange and grapefruit). (organic.org)
Genus3
- Description: Citrus sinensis, orange or sweet orange is a fruit tree of the genus Citrus, which belongs to the family rútaceas. (viverossoler.com)
- Citrus taxonomy refers to the botanical classification of the species , varieties , cultivars , and graft hybrids within the genus Citrus and related genera, found in cultivation and in the wild. (wikipedia.org)
- A plant species of the genus CITRUS , family RUTACEAE that provides the familiar orange fruit which is also a source of orange oil. (nih.gov)
Orange peel1
- The OE consists of phenolic compounds and flavonoids extracted from orange peel ( Citrus sinensis) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). (unison.mx)
Navel orange1
- The flowers lack viable pollen so the Navel orange does not pollinate other citrus flowers, and due to the lack of functional pollen and viable ovules, Navel orange fruits are seedless. (tropicalgardenplants.com)
Rutaceae2
- Especie de plantas del género CITRUS, familia RUTACEAE que proporciona el fruto familiar naranja que es también una fuente de aceite de naranja. (bvsalud.org)
- Especie de plantas del género CITRUS, familia RUTACEAE, que proporciona la familiar lima. (bvsalud.org)
Hybrids1
- 8. Juice quality of two new mandarin-like hybrids (Citrus clementina Hort. (nih.gov)
Taxonomy1
- Citrus taxonomy is complex and controversial. (wikipedia.org)
Plants1
- Citrus plants hybridize easily between species with completely different morphologies, and similar-looking citrus fruits may have quite different ancestries. (wikipedia.org)
Crops2
- This study provides a sustainable and efficient citrus canker control solution and presents an efficient transgene -free genome -editing strategy for citrus and other crops. (bvsalud.org)
- Despite the importance of citriculture in Brazil, very little is known about mite populations in citrus crops in the Northern Region. (inpa.gov.br)
Species4
- Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. (nih.gov)
- [1] [2] Cultivated citrus are derived from various citrus species found in the wild. (wikipedia.org)
- All of the wild 'pure' citrus species trace to a common ancestor that lived in the Himalayan foothills, where a late- Miocene citrus fossil, Citrus linczangensis , has been found. (wikipedia.org)
- identified just ten ancestral species of citrus among more than a hundred cultivars studied. (wikipedia.org)
Fruit4
- How to non-destructively and quickly estimate the storage time of citrus fruit is necessary and urgent for freshness control in the fruit market. (frontiersin.org)
- The workflow presented can be readily replicated to develop non-destructive methods to predict the storage time of other types of citrus fruit with similar oil gland characteristics in different storage conditions featuring high efficiency and accuracy. (frontiersin.org)
- the production of citrus fruit is expected to continuously increase in the future. (frontiersin.org)
- 20. Improving the antioxidant functionality of Citrus junos Tanaka (yuzu) fruit juice by underwater shockwave pretreatment. (nih.gov)
20171
- This study aimed at evaluating the agronomical performance of `Pineapple' sweet orange grafted on ten rootstocks, in 2011-2017 harvests, so as to recommend the best combinations to be commercially explored in citrus growing regions in Bahia and Sergipe states, Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
Lime2
- 10. Sonication improves kasturi lime (Citrus microcarpa) juice quality. (nih.gov)
- Results show that both rootstocks `Red Rough' lemon and `Santa Cruz' rangpur lime conferred high regularity to `Pineapple' orange trees in citrus growing regions in Bahia and Sergipe states. (bvsalud.org)
Extraction3
- Antioxidant Effect of Nanoparticles Composed of Zein and Orange ( Citrus sinensis) Extract Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. (unison.mx)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Antioxidant Effect of Nanoparticles Composed of Zein and Orange ( Citrus sinensis) Extract Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. (unison.mx)
- 1. Citrus juice extraction systems: effect on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of clementine juice. (nih.gov)
Aroma1
- 3. Effect of cultivation line and peeling on food composition, taste characteristic, aroma profile, and antioxidant activity of Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) juice. (nih.gov)
Container1
- G KHUMALO, L GOEDHALS-GERBER A, P CRONJE, T BERRY The non-conformance of in-transit citrus container shipments to cold protocol markets: A systematic literature review Food Control, 2021,125,107947. (sun.ac.za)
Types1
- Various citrus types in cross section. (wikipedia.org)
Region1
- [11] At that time, a lessening of the monsoons and resultant drier climate in the region allowed the citrus ancestor to expand across south and east Asia in a rapid genetic radiation. (wikipedia.org)
Disease2
- citri (Xcc) is a destructive citrus disease worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
- 6. Effect of Liberibacter infection (huanglongbing or "greening" disease) of citrus on orange juice flavor quality by sensory evaluation. (nih.gov)
NORTH1
- T BERRY, T DEFRAEYE, J NORTH, P CRONJE Cooling of ambient-loaded citrus in refrigerated containers: What impacts do packaging and loading temperature have? (sun.ac.za)
Sweet orange1
- 17. Response of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' infection: microscopy and microarray analyses. (nih.gov)
Species3
- The infusion of flowers of several species of Citrus genera is used as a sedative to treat insomnia in Mexican traditional medicine . (bvsalud.org)
- 5. Quantitative real-time PCR for detection and identification of Candidatus Liberibacter species associated with citrus huanglongbing. (nih.gov)
- 14. Citrus huanglongbing in São Paulo State, Brazil: PCR detection of the 'Candidatus' Liberibacter species associated with the disease. (nih.gov)