Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
Hydrolases
Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.
Nitrogen Isotopes
Glutamine
Carbamyl Phosphate
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Citrullinemia
A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)
Argininosuccinate Lyase
Arginase
Proline
Ammonia
Argininosuccinic Acid
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
Urea
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Amino Acids
Short Bowel Syndrome
Glutamates
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Enterocytes
Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.
Renal Aminoacidurias
A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved.
Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase
Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)
Carbon Isotopes
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Sports Medicine
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Publishing
L-Ascorbic acid potentiates nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells. (1/917)
Ascorbic acid has been shown to enhance impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with atherosclerosis by a mechanism that is thought to involve protection of nitric oxide (NO) from inactivation by free oxygen radicals. The present study in human endothelial cells from umbilical veins and coronary arteries investigates whether L-ascorbic acid additionally affects cellular NO synthesis. Endothelial cells were incubated for 24 h with 0.1-100 microM ascorbic acid and were subsequently stimulated for 15 min with ionomycin (2 microM) or thrombin (1 unit/ml) in the absence of extracellular ascorbate. Ascorbate pretreatment led to a 3-fold increase of the cellular production of NO measured as the formation of its co-product citrulline and as the accumulation of its effector molecule cGMP. The effect was saturated at 100 microM and followed a similar kinetics as seen for the uptake of ascorbate into the cells. The investigation of the precursor molecule L-gulonolactone and of different ascorbic acid derivatives suggests that the enediol structure of ascorbate is essential for its effect on NO synthesis. Ascorbic acid did not induce the expression of the NO synthase (NOS) protein nor enhance the uptake of the NOS substrate L-arginine into endothelial cells. The ascorbic acid effect was minimal when the citrulline formation was measured in cell lysates from ascorbate-pretreated cells in the presence of known cofactors for NOS activity. However, when the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin was omitted from the assay, a similar potentiating effect of ascorbate pretreatment as seen in intact cells was demonstrated, suggesting that ascorbic acid may either enhance the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin or increase its affinity for the endothelial NOS. Our data suggest that intracellular ascorbic acid enhances NO synthesis in endothelial cells and that this may explain, in part, the beneficial vascular effects of ascorbic acid. (+info)Effect of ornithine and lactate on urea synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. (2/917)
1. In hepatocytes isolated from 24 h-starved rats, urea production from ammonia was stimulated by addition of lactate, in both the presence and the absence of ornithine. The relationship of lactate concentration to the rate of urea synthesis was hyperbolic. 2. Other glucose precursors also stimulated urea production to varying degrees, but none more than lactate. Added oleate and butyrate did not stimulate urea synthesis. 3. Citrulline accumulation was largely dependent on ornithine concentration. As ornithine was increased from 0 to 40 mM, the rate of citrulline accumulation increased hyperbolically, and was half-maximal when ornithine was 8-12 mM. 4. The rate of citrulline accumulation was independent of the presence of lactate, but with pyruvate the rate increased. 5. The rate of urea production continued to increase as ornithine was varied from 0 to 40 mM. 6. It was concluded that intermediates provided by both ornithine and lactate are limiting for urea production from ammonia in isolated liver cells. It was suggested that the stimulatory effect of lactate lies in increased availability of cytosolic aspartate for condensation with citrulline. (+info)Hepatocyte gene therapy in a large animal: a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia. (3/917)
The development of gene-replacement therapy for inborn errors of metabolism has been hindered by the limited number of suitable large-animal models of these diseases and by inadequate methods of assessing the efficacy of treatment. Such methods should provide sensitive detection of expression in vivo and should be unaffected by concurrent pharmacologic and dietary regimens. We present the results of studies in a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia, an inborn error of urea-cycle metabolism characterized by deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase and consequent life-threatening hyperammonemia. Measurements of the flux of nitrogen from orally administered 15NH4 to [15N]urea were used to determine urea-cycle activity in vivo. In control animals, these isotopic measurements proved to be unaffected by pharmacologic treatments. Systemic administration of a first-generation E1-deleted adenoviral vector expressing human argininosuccinate synthetase resulted in transduction of hepatocytes and partial correction of the enzyme defect. The isotopic method showed significant restoration of urea synthesis. Moreover, the calves showed clinical improvement and normalization of plasma glutamine levels after treatment. The results show the clinical efficacy of treating a large-animal model of an inborn error of hepatocyte metabolism in conjunction with a method for sensitively measuring correction in vivo. These studies will be applicable to human trials of the treatment of this disorder and other related urea-cycle disorders. (+info)Arginine biosynthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: enzymes catalyzing the formation of ornithine and citrulline. (4/917)
Many of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from patients require arginine for growth in a defined medium. As a basis for genetic studies of these Arg- strains, we examined two biosynthetic enzymes of Arg+ (nonrequiring) gonococci. Cell-free extracts contained (i) glutamate acetyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of L-ornithine from alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine, and (ii) ornithine transcaramylase, which catalyzes the reaction between L-ornithine and carbamyl phosphate, yielding L-citrulline. Arg- strains were unable to utilze alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine for growth lacked significant activity of glutamate acetyltransferase, and activity was gained by Arg+ clones derived by DNA-mediated transformation. Some of the Arg- patient isolates were unable to use either alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine or L-ornithine in place of arginine, and two separate steps of genetic transformation were required to yield Arg+ cells. Extracts of these doubly auxotrophic cells lacked glutamate acetyltransferase activity, but, unexpectedly, they displayed normal ornithine transcarbamylase activity. This finding illustrates the importance of identifying the products specified by arg loci during genetic studies of arginine auxotrophy. (+info)Effects of ethanol on intraovarian nitric oxide production in the prepubertal rat. (5/917)
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to ovarian development and function. In non-ovarian tissues NO can be altered by ethanol (ETOH), a drug considered to be a gonadal toxin in men as well as male and female rats. The present study was undertaken to determine if some of the detrimental effects of chronic ETOH exposure on prepubertal ovarian function could be due to ETOH-induced alterations in the intraovarian NO system. Rats were implanted with intragastric cannulae on day 24 and began receiving control or ETOH diets on day 29. All rats were killed on day 34, determined to be in the late juvenile stage of development, and their ovaries and blood were collected. We analyzed the expression of the two constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e. neuronal (n) NOS and endothelial (e) NOS, as well as the inducible (i) form of NOS protein in the ovaries of control and ETOH-treated rats by Western immunoblotting. Results demonstrate that eNOS protein increased markedly (P<0.02; 140 kDa) in ETOH-treated rats compared with controls. ETOH treatment did not alter the protein expression of nNOS (155 kDa) and only slightly increased that of iNOS (130 kDa). We also assessed NOS activity as determined by nitrite accumulation and by the conversion of L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C]citrulline. In this regard, the ETOH-treated animals showed an increase in ovarian nitrite generation (P<0.05), as well as an increase in ovarian citrulline formation (P<0.0001), when compared with control animals. Along with the above described ETOH-induced increases in ovarian eNOS and NO activity, the serum levels of estradiol were concomitantly suppressed (P<0.001) in the ETOH-treated rats. These results demonstrate for the first time the ETOH-induced changes in the prepubertal ovarian NO/NOS system, and suggest that these alterations contribute to the detrimental actions of the drug on prepubertal ovarian development and function. (+info)Cholinergic and GABAergic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in the guinea pig ileum. (6/917)
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was examined in intact longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations of the guinea pig ileum by determining the formation of [3H]citrulline during incubation with [3H]arginine. Spontaneous [3H]citrulline production after 30 min was 80-90 dpm/mg, which constituted approximately 1% of the tissue radioactivity. Electrical stimulation (10 Hz) led to a threefold increase in [3H]citrulline formation. Removal of calcium from the medium or addition of NG-nitro-L-arginine strongly inhibited both spontaneous and electrically induced production of [3H]citrulline. TTX reduced the electrically induced but not spontaneous [3H]citrulline formation. The electrically induced formation of [3H]citrulline was diminished by (+)-tubocurarine and mecamylamine and enhanced by scopolamine, which suggests that endogenous ACh inhibits, via muscarinic receptors, and stimulates, via nicotinic receptors, the NO synthesis in the myenteric plexus. The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and GABA also reduced the electrically evoked formation of [3H]citrulline, whereas baclofen was without effect. Bicuculline antagonized the inhibitory effect of GABA. It is concluded that nitrergic myenteric neurons are equipped with GABAA receptors, which mediate inhibition of NO synthesis. (+info)Nitric oxide production is reduced in patients with chronic renal failure. (7/917)
In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Generally, atherosclerosis has been associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Experimental studies have indicated the presence of enhanced NO degradation by reactive oxygen species as well as decreased NO production as possible causes for this reduced NO bioavailability. So far, the question whether or not NO production is impaired in patients with CRF has never been investigated. Therefore, we measured whole body NO production in 7 patients with CRF, and in 7 matched healthy subjects. To assess the relative importance of a dysfunction of NO synthase (NOS), we compared the NO production of these patients to that of 2 other groups known to have endothelial dysfunction, ie, 7 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who did not yet have signs of clinical cardiovascular disease (all nonsmokers), and 5 cigarette smokers. These groups were also compared with 7 nonsmoking, age-matched healthy subjects. Whole body NO production, determined as in vivo arginine-to-citrulline conversion, was assessed by giving an intravenous infusion of [15N2]-arginine as a substrate for NOS and measuring isotopic plasma enrichment of [15N]-citrulline by LC-MS. NO production in the CRF patients (0.13+/-0.02 micromol. kg-1. h-1) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the corresponding control group (0.23+/-0.09 micromol. kg-1. h-1). NO production also tended to be lower in the FH patients (0.16+/-0.04 micromol. kg-1. h-1), but the difference with the corresponding control group did not reach significance (0.22+/-0.06 micromol. kg-1. h-1). In the group of smokers, NO production was similar to that in nonsmokers (0. 22+/-0.09 micromol. kg-1. h-1). In conclusion, it is demonstrated for the first time that basal whole body NO production is reduced in patients with CRF. This finding implies that therapeutic interventions to endothelial dysfunction in these patients should be primarily directed toward improvement of NO production. The finding of only a tendency toward reduction of NO production in patients with FH and the absence of a reduction in cigarette smokers suggests that other mechanisms such as enhanced NO degradation may be involved in the decrease of NO bioavailability in these groups. (+info)Lactate inhibits citrulline and arginine synthesis from proline in pig enterocytes. (8/917)
Hypocitrullinemia and hypoargininemia but hyperprolinemia are associated with elevated plasma concentration of lactate in infants. Because the small intestine may be a major organ for initiating proline catabolism via proline oxidase in the body and is the major source of circulating citrulline and arginine in neonates, we hypothesized that lactate is an inhibitor of intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline. To test this hypothesis, jejunum was obtained from 14-day-old suckling pigs for preparation of enterocyte mitochondria and metabolic studies. Mitochondria were used for measuring proline oxidase activity in the presence of 0-10 mM L-lactate. For metabolic studies, enterocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in Krebs bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 5 mM D-glucose, 2 mM L-glutamine, 2 mM L-[U-14C]proline, and 0, 1, 5, or 10 mM L-lactate. Kinetics analysis revealed noncompetitive inhibition of intestinal proline oxidase by lactate (decreased maximal velocity and unaltered Michaelis constant). Lactate had no effect on either activities of other enzymes for arginine synthesis from proline or proline uptake by enterocytes but decreased the synthesis of ornithine, citrulline, and arginine from proline in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that lactate decreased intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline via an inhibition of proline oxidase and provide a biochemical basis for explaining hyperprolinemia, hypocitrullinemia, and hypoargininemia in infants with hyperlactacidemia. (+info)Citrulline correlations in short bowel syndrome-intestinal failure by patient stratification - Forskning - Region Hovedstaden
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Citrulline
... is also made by enterocytes of the small intestine. Several proteins contain citrulline as a result of a post- ... "Was citrulline first a laxative substance? The truth about modern citrulline and its isolation" (PDF). Nihon Ishigaku Zasshi. [ ... Citrulline can be derived from: from arginine via nitric oxide synthase, as a byproduct of the production of nitric oxide for ... The organic compound citrulline is an α-amino acid. Its name is derived from citrullus, the Latin word for watermelon. Although ...
Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Ornithine and citrulline occur in the urea cycle, part of amino acid catabolism (see below). In addition to primary metabolism ... Curis, E.; Nicolis, I.; Moinard, C.; Osowska, S.; Zerrouk, N.; Bénazeth, S.; Cynober, L. (2005). "Almost all about citrulline ...
Watermelon
The amino acid citrulline is produced in watermelon rind. Watermelon cubes Watermelons with dark green rind, India Watermelon ... Rimando AM; Perkins-Veazie PM (2005). "Determination of citrulline in watermelon rind". J Chromatogr A. 1078 (1-2): 196-200. ...
Amino acid
Curis E, Nicolis I, Moinard C, Osowska S, Zerrouk N, Bénazeth S, Cynober L (November 2005). "Almost all about citrulline in ... ornithine and citrulline occur in the urea cycle, part of amino acid catabolism (see below). A rare exception to the dominance ...
Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
Citrulline level in blood is decreased. Mitochondrial studies or NARP mtDNA evaluation plays a role in genetic diagnosis which ...
Urea cycle
The reactions of the urea cycle 1 L-ornithine 2 carbamoyl phosphate 3 L-citrulline 4 argininosuccinate 5 fumarate 6 L-arginine ... A condensation reaction occurs between the amino group of aspartate and the carbonyl group of citrulline to form ... Carbamoyl phosphate is converted to citrulline. With catalysis by ornithine transcarbamylase, the carbamoyl phosphate group is ...
Glembatumumab vedotin
It uses a valine-citrulline enzyme-cleavable linker. The linkage is stable in the bloodstream. The antibody binds to GPNMB on ...
Carbamoyl phosphate
Ornithine transcarbamylase Citrulline Urea Cycle Bhagavan, N. V.; Ha, Chung-Eun (2015-01-01), Bhagavan, N. V.; Ha, Chung-Eun ( ... to form citrulline. It is produced from bicarbonate, ammonia (derived from amino acids), and phosphate (from ATP). The ...
Arginine deiminase
L-citrulline + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-arginine and H2O, whereas its two products are L-citrulline ... RATNER S (1954). Urea synthesis and metabolism of arginine and citrulline. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem. Advances in ... Other names in common use include arginine dihydrolase, citrulline iminase, and L-arginine deiminase. This enzyme participates ...
Santiago Grisolía, 1st Marquess of Grisolía
Grisolia, S; Cohen, P P (1952). "The catalytic role of carbamyl glutamate in citrulline biosynthesis". J. Biol. Chem. 198 (2): ... Much of his first work concerned the biochemistry of citrulline, and he later worked on phosphoglycerate mutase, carbamoyl- ...
Mary Ellen Jones (chemist)
Jones, M. E.; Spector, L.; Lipmann, F. (February 1955). "Carbamyl Phosphate, the Carbamyl Donor in Enzymatic Citrulline ...
Citrullinemia
Investigation for diagnosis of citrullinemia type l elevated citrulline .[citation needed] Type I citrullinemia is the most ... Specific investigation like decrease citrulline level , increase ammonium ion . These symptoms can be life-threatening, and are ...
Carbamate kinase
Jones ME, Spector L, Lipmann F (1955). "Carbamyl phosphate, the carbamyl donor in enzymatic citrulline synthesis". J. Am. Chem ...
Biosynthesis
Then, the enzymes citrulline and argininosuccinate convert ornithine to arginine. There are two distinct lysine biosynthetic ...
Succinylornithine transaminase
Stalon V, Vander Wauven C, Momin P, Legrain C (1987). "Catabolism of arginine, citrulline and ornithine by Pseudomonas and ...
Cryptobacterium curtum
Arginine and citrulline support the growth and reproduction of C. curtum. Parte, A.C. "Cryptobacterium". LPSN. Nakazawa F, Poco ... This bacterium is able to degrade arginine and produce substantial amounts of citrulline, ornithine and ammonia. ...
Argininosuccinate synthase
In the first step of the catalyzed reaction, citrulline attacks the α-phosphate of ATP to form citrulline adenylate, a reactive ... Additionally, attack by citrulline at the α-phosphate of ATP produces an equivalent of pyrophosphate, which can be hydrolyzed ... As a result, nitrogen (in the form of ammonia) and other byproducts of the urea cycle (such as citrulline) build up in the ... The transformation of citrulline into argininosuccinate is the rate-limiting step in arginine synthesis. The activity of ...
Uncombable hair syndrome
Deimination converts the amino acid arginine to the amino acid citrulline. This conversion is done by calcium-dependent enzymes ...
Arginine and proline metabolism
Citrulline is made from ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate by ornithine carbamoyltransferase. Arginine is then synthesized from ... citrulline in the urea cycle by the sequential action of the cytosolic enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and ...
Homocitrulline
... is one methylene group longer than citrulline, but similar in structure. The metabolite is generated from a ... Koshiishi I, Kobori Y, Imanari T: Determination of citrulline and homocitrulline by high-performance liquid chromatography with ... Different amounts of protein-bound citrulline and homocitrulline in foot joint tissues of a patient with anti-citrullinated ... low creatine excretion and effect of citrulline, arginine, or ornithine supplement. Pediatr Res. 1987 Sep;22(3):364-7. Evered ...
Phenylglyoxal
It has also been used to attach chemical payload (probes) to the amino acid citrulline and to peptides/proteins. Like some ... Bicker KL, Subramanian V, Chumanevich AA, Hofseth LJ, Thompson PR (2012). "Seeing citrulline: development of a phenylglyoxal- ...
Citrullinase
Other names in common use include citrulline ureidase, citrulline hydrolase, and L-citrulline 5-N-carbamoyldihydrolase. Hill DL ... In enzymology, a citrullinase (EC 3.5.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-citrulline + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-citrulline N5-carbamoyldihydrolase. ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } L-ornithine + CO2 + NH3 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-citrulline and H2O, ...
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Citrulline (sometimes as "watermelon extract") is used as an alternative or supplement to arginine, and is claimed to reduce ... Rhim HC, Kim SJ, Park J, Jang KM (December 2020). "Effect of citrulline on post-exercise rating of perceived exertion, muscle ... and Citrulline. In 2005, chemist Patrick Arnold formulated a pre-workout which contained a new ingredient called DMAA ( ...
Glutathione
... enhances the function of citrulline as part of the nitric oxide cycle. It is a cofactor and acts on glutathione ...
Mitochondrial matrix
The urea cycle makes use of [[ornithineL-ornithine]], carbamoyl phosphate, and L-citrulline. The electron transport chain ... The second step facilitated by ornithine transcarbamylase converts carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine into citrulline. After ...
Cyanophycin
Lysine, ornithine and citrulline all have an affinity for cyanophycin synthase (L-aspartate-adding) enzyme CphA. Wiefel, Bröker ... Wiefel L, Bröker A, Steinbüchel A (June 2011). "Synthesis of a citrulline-rich cyanophycin by use of Pseudomonas putida ATCC ... It was also determined that insoluble CGP only exhibited minuscule concentrations of citrulline while soluble CGP was able to ... conducted an experiment demonstrating that citrulline-rich cyanophycin can be produced through the introduction of a citrulline ...
Citrullination
However, trypsin is unable to cleave after a citrulline residue which is neutral. A missed cleavage after a citrulline residue ... Citrulline is not one of the 20 standard amino acids encoded by DNA in the genetic code. Instead, it is the result of a post- ... Citrullination is distinct from the formation of the free amino acid citrulline as part of the urea cycle or as a byproduct of ... Citrulline residues can be chemically modified with butanedione or by biotinylation prior to analysis, leading to a different ...
Basic amino acid antiporter family
Some members of the family probably catalyze arginine/ornithine or citrulline/ornithine antiport. Ion transporter superfamily ... "A putative transport protein is involved in citrulline excretion and re-uptake during arginine deiminase pathway activity by ...
Anti-citrullinated protein antibody
Raptopoulou A, Sidiropoulos P, Katsouraki M, Boumpas DT (2007). "Anti-citrulline antibodies in the diagnosis and prognosis of ... arginine amino acid residues can be enzymatically converted into citrulline residues in proteins such as vimentin, by a process ...
Semisulcospira libertina
There is 45.44% of citrulline of free amino acids (amino acids in blood). Nelson Annandale depicted the operculum and radula of ...
L-CITRULLINE: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews
... user ratings and products that contain L-CITRULLINE. ... Learn more about L-CITRULLINE uses, effectiveness, possible ... L-citrulline is an amino acid found in watermelon. It is also made in the body. The body changes L-citrulline into another ... Children: L-citrulline is possibly safe when taken by mouth. Surgery: L-citrulline might affect blood pressure. It might ... The name citrulline comes from Citrullus vulgaris, the Latin term for watermelon. Unlike some amino acids, L-citrulline isnt ...
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Low plasma citrulline levels are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe sepsis
... in the highest citrulline quartile (P = 0.002). In multivariable analyses, citrulline levels were associated with ARDS even ... Plasma citrulline levels were below normal in all patients (median 9.2 uM, IQR 5.2 - 14.4) and were significantly lower in ARDS ... Plasma citrulline, arginine and ornithine levels and nitrate/nitrite were measured at baseline in 135 patients with severe ... 10.1 (6.2 - 16.6), P = 0.002). The rate of ARDS was 50% in the lowest citrulline quartile compared to 15% ...
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PDF] l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans. | Semantic...
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of l-citrulline (Cit) and l-arginine (Arg) supplementation on nitric oxide ... Effects of citrulline supplementation on fatigue and exercise performance in mice.. *K. Takeda, M. Machida, A. Kohara, N. Omi, ... L-citrulline reduces time to exhaustion and insulin response to a graded exercise test.. *R. Hickner, C. Tanner, +6 authors. M ... Effects of L-citrulline malate oral supplementation on post-exercise hypotension. *J. Casonatto, R. Góes, Kamila Grandolfi, ...
Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle | British Journal of Sports Medicine
Citrulline/malate (CM; Stimol; CAS 54940-97-5) is a mixture of citrulline, which is involved in the urea cycle, and malate, a ... 3 This faster clearance has been interpreted as a direct effect of citrulline. In our case, it is unlikely that citrulline ... Activity of citrulline malate on acid-base-balance and blood ammonia and amino-acid levels: study in the animal and in man. ... The antiasthenic effect of CM, which has been widely reported in humans and animals,1-,7 may be mediated by either citrulline ...
L-citrulline and Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | Clinical Research Trial Listing ( Infant |...
L-citrulline and Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ... The hypothesis is that oral L-citrulline will be well tolerated, without significant adverse effects in infants at high risk of ... The investigators propose to first characterize the PK profile of oral L-citrulline in order to define an appropriate dose ... The goal is to develop oral L-citrulline clinically for the treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension associated with ...
How L-Citrulline Boosts Athletic Performance - Runner's Tribe
... chances are that youve heard of L-Citrulline. L-Citrulline supplements are quite popular these days, with an increasing number ... a combination of Citrulline and Malic Acid. It is the purer form of Citrulline. Both L-Citrulline and Citrulline Malate are ... Can L-Citrulline be paired with any other supplements?. L-Citrulline can be paired with various other ingredients as part of ... What is L-Citrulline?. L-Citrulline is a naturally occurring amino acid, produced by your body. It can also be found in some ...
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L-Citrulline promotes better muscle pumps and increased nitric oxide levels. Each scoop contains 3 grams of L-Citrulline that ... Redcon1 Basic Training Series L-Citrulline 60 Servings Redcon1 Introduces its L-Citrulline product to their basic training ... L-Citrulline promotes better muscle pumps and increased nitric oxide levels. Each scoop contains 3 grams of L-Citrulline that ... Redcon1 Basic Training Series L-Citrulline 60 Servings. Redcon1 Introduces its L-Citrulline product to their basic training ...
Vitaflo Citrulline 1000 Amino Acid Supplement Powder
Each 4g packet of Citrulline 200 provides 200mg of L-Citrulline.. *Preparation Guidelines. - To be determined by the clinician ... Vitaflo Citrulline 1000 Amino Acid Supplement Powder is a medical food on a carbohydrate base. It is for the dietary management ... Citrulline Amino Acid Supplements must only be given to patients with proven inborn errors of amino acid metabolism under ... and is used under strict medical supervision to provide the specific amounts of citrulline unable to be achieved by dietary ...
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On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide -...
... hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide ... hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide. Download. * ... On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide. ... View final version: On the mechanism of the nitric oxide synthase-catalyzed conversion of N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine to citrulline ...
Citrulline as the main precursor of ethyl carbamate in model fortified wines inoculated with Lactobacillus hilgardii: a marker...
... hilgardii were analysed for citrulline and EC formation. A good correlation (R , 0.9) was obtained between citrulline and ... hilgardii were analysed for citrulline and EC formation. A good correlation (R , 0.9) was obtained between citrulline and ... hilgardii were analysed for citrulline and EC formation. A good correlation (R , 0.9) was obtained between citrulline and ... hilgardii were analysed for citrulline and EC formation. A good correlation (R , 0.9) was obtained between citrulline and ...
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