AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesGeographicals
CitrullineOrnithineArginineCitrullusOrnithine CarbamoyltransferaseHydrolasesNitrogen IsotopesGlutamineCarbamyl PhosphateNitric Oxide SynthaseCitrullinemiaArgininosuccinate LyaseArginaseProlineAmmoniaArgininosuccinic AcidNitric OxideAmino Acid OxidoreductasesUreaCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsMouth AbnormalitiesAmino AcidsShort Bowel SyndromeGlutamatesMitochondria, LiverEnterocytesAmino Acids, DiaminoRenal AminoaciduriasOrnithine-Oxo-Acid TransaminaseAmino Acid Transport Systems, BasicOrnithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency DiseaseCarbon IsotopesBiopterinNitritesPhenylbutyratesOrotic AcidAcid-Base EquilibriumMalatesSwitzerlandHyperammonemiaHepatic EncephalopathyAntibodiesArthritis, RheumatoidAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, ViralAntibodies, BacterialSepsisAcute Lung InjuryLung InjuryShock, SepticRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultLung
CitrullineOrnithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.Citrullus: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit.Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase: A urea cycle enzyme that catalyzes the formation of orthophosphate and L-citrulline (CITRULLINE) from CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE and L-ornithine (ORNITHINE). Deficiency of this enzyme may be transmitted as an X-linked trait. EC 2.1.3.3.Hydrolases: Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.Nitrogen Isotopes: Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Citrullinemia: A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)Argininosuccinate Lyase: An enzyme of the urea cycle which splits argininosuccinate to fumarate plus arginine. Its absence leads to the metabolic disease ARGININOSUCCINIC ACIDURIA in man. EC 4.3.2.1.Arginase: A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.Argininosuccinic Acid: This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinic acid synthetase.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Amino Acid Oxidoreductases: A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.Urea: A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia): An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This enzyme is specific for arginine biosynthesis or the urea cycle. Absence or lack of this enzyme may cause CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE I DEFICIENCY DISEASE. EC 6.3.4.16.Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Catecholamine plasma membrane transporter proteins regulate neural transmission as well as catecholamine metabolism and recycling.Mouth Abnormalities: Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the mouth.Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Short Bowel Syndrome: A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Glutamates: Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.Mitochondria, Liver: Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)Enterocytes: Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.Amino Acids, DiaminoRenal Aminoacidurias: A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved.Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase: A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and an L-amino acid from L-ornithine and a 2-keto-acid. EC 2.6.1.13.Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic: Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease: An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)Carbon Isotopes: Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.Biopterin: A natural product that has been considered as a growth factor for some insects.Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)PhenylbutyratesOrotic AcidAcid-Base Equilibrium: The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.MalatesSwitzerlandHyperammonemia: Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.Hepatic Encephalopathy: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Arthritis, Rheumatoid: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Sepsis: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.Acute Lung Injury: A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).Lung Injury: Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.Shock, Septic: Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include, but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult: A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

L-Ascorbic acid potentiates nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells. (1/917)

Ascorbic acid has been shown to enhance impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with atherosclerosis by a mechanism that is thought to involve protection of nitric oxide (NO) from inactivation by free oxygen radicals. The present study in human endothelial cells from umbilical veins and coronary arteries investigates whether L-ascorbic acid additionally affects cellular NO synthesis. Endothelial cells were incubated for 24 h with 0.1-100 microM ascorbic acid and were subsequently stimulated for 15 min with ionomycin (2 microM) or thrombin (1 unit/ml) in the absence of extracellular ascorbate. Ascorbate pretreatment led to a 3-fold increase of the cellular production of NO measured as the formation of its co-product citrulline and as the accumulation of its effector molecule cGMP. The effect was saturated at 100 microM and followed a similar kinetics as seen for the uptake of ascorbate into the cells. The investigation of the precursor molecule L-gulonolactone and of different ascorbic acid derivatives suggests that the enediol structure of ascorbate is essential for its effect on NO synthesis. Ascorbic acid did not induce the expression of the NO synthase (NOS) protein nor enhance the uptake of the NOS substrate L-arginine into endothelial cells. The ascorbic acid effect was minimal when the citrulline formation was measured in cell lysates from ascorbate-pretreated cells in the presence of known cofactors for NOS activity. However, when the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin was omitted from the assay, a similar potentiating effect of ascorbate pretreatment as seen in intact cells was demonstrated, suggesting that ascorbic acid may either enhance the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin or increase its affinity for the endothelial NOS. Our data suggest that intracellular ascorbic acid enhances NO synthesis in endothelial cells and that this may explain, in part, the beneficial vascular effects of ascorbic acid.  (+info)

Effect of ornithine and lactate on urea synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. (2/917)

1. In hepatocytes isolated from 24 h-starved rats, urea production from ammonia was stimulated by addition of lactate, in both the presence and the absence of ornithine. The relationship of lactate concentration to the rate of urea synthesis was hyperbolic. 2. Other glucose precursors also stimulated urea production to varying degrees, but none more than lactate. Added oleate and butyrate did not stimulate urea synthesis. 3. Citrulline accumulation was largely dependent on ornithine concentration. As ornithine was increased from 0 to 40 mM, the rate of citrulline accumulation increased hyperbolically, and was half-maximal when ornithine was 8-12 mM. 4. The rate of citrulline accumulation was independent of the presence of lactate, but with pyruvate the rate increased. 5. The rate of urea production continued to increase as ornithine was varied from 0 to 40 mM. 6. It was concluded that intermediates provided by both ornithine and lactate are limiting for urea production from ammonia in isolated liver cells. It was suggested that the stimulatory effect of lactate lies in increased availability of cytosolic aspartate for condensation with citrulline.  (+info)

Hepatocyte gene therapy in a large animal: a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia. (3/917)

The development of gene-replacement therapy for inborn errors of metabolism has been hindered by the limited number of suitable large-animal models of these diseases and by inadequate methods of assessing the efficacy of treatment. Such methods should provide sensitive detection of expression in vivo and should be unaffected by concurrent pharmacologic and dietary regimens. We present the results of studies in a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia, an inborn error of urea-cycle metabolism characterized by deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase and consequent life-threatening hyperammonemia. Measurements of the flux of nitrogen from orally administered 15NH4 to [15N]urea were used to determine urea-cycle activity in vivo. In control animals, these isotopic measurements proved to be unaffected by pharmacologic treatments. Systemic administration of a first-generation E1-deleted adenoviral vector expressing human argininosuccinate synthetase resulted in transduction of hepatocytes and partial correction of the enzyme defect. The isotopic method showed significant restoration of urea synthesis. Moreover, the calves showed clinical improvement and normalization of plasma glutamine levels after treatment. The results show the clinical efficacy of treating a large-animal model of an inborn error of hepatocyte metabolism in conjunction with a method for sensitively measuring correction in vivo. These studies will be applicable to human trials of the treatment of this disorder and other related urea-cycle disorders.  (+info)

Arginine biosynthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: enzymes catalyzing the formation of ornithine and citrulline. (4/917)

Many of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from patients require arginine for growth in a defined medium. As a basis for genetic studies of these Arg- strains, we examined two biosynthetic enzymes of Arg+ (nonrequiring) gonococci. Cell-free extracts contained (i) glutamate acetyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of L-ornithine from alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine, and (ii) ornithine transcaramylase, which catalyzes the reaction between L-ornithine and carbamyl phosphate, yielding L-citrulline. Arg- strains were unable to utilze alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine for growth lacked significant activity of glutamate acetyltransferase, and activity was gained by Arg+ clones derived by DNA-mediated transformation. Some of the Arg- patient isolates were unable to use either alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine or L-ornithine in place of arginine, and two separate steps of genetic transformation were required to yield Arg+ cells. Extracts of these doubly auxotrophic cells lacked glutamate acetyltransferase activity, but, unexpectedly, they displayed normal ornithine transcarbamylase activity. This finding illustrates the importance of identifying the products specified by arg loci during genetic studies of arginine auxotrophy.  (+info)

Effects of ethanol on intraovarian nitric oxide production in the prepubertal rat. (5/917)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to ovarian development and function. In non-ovarian tissues NO can be altered by ethanol (ETOH), a drug considered to be a gonadal toxin in men as well as male and female rats. The present study was undertaken to determine if some of the detrimental effects of chronic ETOH exposure on prepubertal ovarian function could be due to ETOH-induced alterations in the intraovarian NO system. Rats were implanted with intragastric cannulae on day 24 and began receiving control or ETOH diets on day 29. All rats were killed on day 34, determined to be in the late juvenile stage of development, and their ovaries and blood were collected. We analyzed the expression of the two constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e. neuronal (n) NOS and endothelial (e) NOS, as well as the inducible (i) form of NOS protein in the ovaries of control and ETOH-treated rats by Western immunoblotting. Results demonstrate that eNOS protein increased markedly (P<0.02; 140 kDa) in ETOH-treated rats compared with controls. ETOH treatment did not alter the protein expression of nNOS (155 kDa) and only slightly increased that of iNOS (130 kDa). We also assessed NOS activity as determined by nitrite accumulation and by the conversion of L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C]citrulline. In this regard, the ETOH-treated animals showed an increase in ovarian nitrite generation (P<0.05), as well as an increase in ovarian citrulline formation (P<0.0001), when compared with control animals. Along with the above described ETOH-induced increases in ovarian eNOS and NO activity, the serum levels of estradiol were concomitantly suppressed (P<0.001) in the ETOH-treated rats. These results demonstrate for the first time the ETOH-induced changes in the prepubertal ovarian NO/NOS system, and suggest that these alterations contribute to the detrimental actions of the drug on prepubertal ovarian development and function.  (+info)

Cholinergic and GABAergic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in the guinea pig ileum. (6/917)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was examined in intact longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations of the guinea pig ileum by determining the formation of [3H]citrulline during incubation with [3H]arginine. Spontaneous [3H]citrulline production after 30 min was 80-90 dpm/mg, which constituted approximately 1% of the tissue radioactivity. Electrical stimulation (10 Hz) led to a threefold increase in [3H]citrulline formation. Removal of calcium from the medium or addition of NG-nitro-L-arginine strongly inhibited both spontaneous and electrically induced production of [3H]citrulline. TTX reduced the electrically induced but not spontaneous [3H]citrulline formation. The electrically induced formation of [3H]citrulline was diminished by (+)-tubocurarine and mecamylamine and enhanced by scopolamine, which suggests that endogenous ACh inhibits, via muscarinic receptors, and stimulates, via nicotinic receptors, the NO synthesis in the myenteric plexus. The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and GABA also reduced the electrically evoked formation of [3H]citrulline, whereas baclofen was without effect. Bicuculline antagonized the inhibitory effect of GABA. It is concluded that nitrergic myenteric neurons are equipped with GABAA receptors, which mediate inhibition of NO synthesis.  (+info)

Nitric oxide production is reduced in patients with chronic renal failure. (7/917)

In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Generally, atherosclerosis has been associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Experimental studies have indicated the presence of enhanced NO degradation by reactive oxygen species as well as decreased NO production as possible causes for this reduced NO bioavailability. So far, the question whether or not NO production is impaired in patients with CRF has never been investigated. Therefore, we measured whole body NO production in 7 patients with CRF, and in 7 matched healthy subjects. To assess the relative importance of a dysfunction of NO synthase (NOS), we compared the NO production of these patients to that of 2 other groups known to have endothelial dysfunction, ie, 7 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who did not yet have signs of clinical cardiovascular disease (all nonsmokers), and 5 cigarette smokers. These groups were also compared with 7 nonsmoking, age-matched healthy subjects. Whole body NO production, determined as in vivo arginine-to-citrulline conversion, was assessed by giving an intravenous infusion of [15N2]-arginine as a substrate for NOS and measuring isotopic plasma enrichment of [15N]-citrulline by LC-MS. NO production in the CRF patients (0.13+/-0.02 micromol. kg-1. h-1) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the corresponding control group (0.23+/-0.09 micromol. kg-1. h-1). NO production also tended to be lower in the FH patients (0.16+/-0.04 micromol. kg-1. h-1), but the difference with the corresponding control group did not reach significance (0.22+/-0.06 micromol. kg-1. h-1). In the group of smokers, NO production was similar to that in nonsmokers (0. 22+/-0.09 micromol. kg-1. h-1). In conclusion, it is demonstrated for the first time that basal whole body NO production is reduced in patients with CRF. This finding implies that therapeutic interventions to endothelial dysfunction in these patients should be primarily directed toward improvement of NO production. The finding of only a tendency toward reduction of NO production in patients with FH and the absence of a reduction in cigarette smokers suggests that other mechanisms such as enhanced NO degradation may be involved in the decrease of NO bioavailability in these groups.  (+info)

Lactate inhibits citrulline and arginine synthesis from proline in pig enterocytes. (8/917)

Hypocitrullinemia and hypoargininemia but hyperprolinemia are associated with elevated plasma concentration of lactate in infants. Because the small intestine may be a major organ for initiating proline catabolism via proline oxidase in the body and is the major source of circulating citrulline and arginine in neonates, we hypothesized that lactate is an inhibitor of intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline. To test this hypothesis, jejunum was obtained from 14-day-old suckling pigs for preparation of enterocyte mitochondria and metabolic studies. Mitochondria were used for measuring proline oxidase activity in the presence of 0-10 mM L-lactate. For metabolic studies, enterocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in Krebs bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 5 mM D-glucose, 2 mM L-glutamine, 2 mM L-[U-14C]proline, and 0, 1, 5, or 10 mM L-lactate. Kinetics analysis revealed noncompetitive inhibition of intestinal proline oxidase by lactate (decreased maximal velocity and unaltered Michaelis constant). Lactate had no effect on either activities of other enzymes for arginine synthesis from proline or proline uptake by enterocytes but decreased the synthesis of ornithine, citrulline, and arginine from proline in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that lactate decreased intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline via an inhibition of proline oxidase and provide a biochemical basis for explaining hyperprolinemia, hypocitrullinemia, and hypoargininemia in infants with hyperlactacidemia.  (+info)

Renal arginine metabolism in fasted rats with subacute short bowel syndrome | Clinical ScienceRenal arginine metabolism in fasted rats with subacute short bowel syndrome | Clinical Science
1.Arginine can be produced in the kidney from citrulline. An important source of circulating citrulline is the intestinal breakdown of glutamine. Consequently, partial enterectomy leads to decreased plasma citrulline levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of diminished arterial citrulline levels on renal arginine production and total-body free arginine pools.. 2.Renal amino acid metabolism was studied 24 ;h after 75% small bowel resection in rats fasted overnight (16 ;h) (n = 12; total fast 40 ;h). Sham-operated (n = 9) and non-operated 16-h and 40-h fasted controls were studied in parallel (n = 8/n = 7). During anaesthesia, l-(2,3-3H)-arginine and para-aminohippuric acid were infused until steady state. Subsequently, arterial and renal venous blood samples were taken. Concentrations of para-aminohippurate and amino acids and specific activity of arginine and citrulline were measured to calculate renal plasma flow, net renal uptake or release, and unidirectional ...
Defining Normal Citrulline Levels as a Diagnostic Tool for Screening of Gastrointestinal Disease in Premature Infants - Tabular...Defining Normal Citrulline Levels as a Diagnostic Tool for Screening of Gastrointestinal Disease in Premature Infants - Tabular...
Since the first description of citrulline as a potential marker for intestinal function in 1998, its use has been investigated in a variety of disease processes including Short Bowel Syndrome, Celiac disease, chemotherapy and radiation induced intestinal injury, infections producing intestinal cytopathic effects like Adenovirus, and predicting rejection in intestinal transplantation. The use of citrulline levels as a diagnostic tool to predict gastrointestinal disease in the premature population has not been properly addressed.. The introduction of enteral nutrition in the premature infant is a process of trial and error, knowing that the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system may lead to frequent episodes of feeding intolerance. This is augmented by the fear of the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) once feeds are commenced. NEC is a condition characterized by disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier, a pathogenic process shared with some of the conditions mentioned above ...
Macrophages can convert citrulline into arginine | Biochemical JournalMacrophages can convert citrulline into arginine | Biochemical Journal
Rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated in the presence of 0.05-1.0 mM-[14C]citrulline. The synthesis of [14C]arginine from 0.1 mM-[14C]citrulline was about 300 pmol/h per 10(6) cells in macrophages from saline-injected (control) rats. Both arginine synthesis from citrulline and nitrate production (an indicator of NO generation) were increased about 3-fold in the cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated animals. The arginine synthesis was very sensitive to extracellular citrulline concentration in the range found in plasma (0.05-0.1 mM). The rate of arginine synthesis from citrulline was inhibited by about 20% by 0.5 mM-L-glutamine in both control and LPS-treated rat cells, but was inhibited by 0.5 mM-L-arginine only in control cells. Our results demonstrate that citrulline, produced by NO synthetase, can be recycled to arginine in macrophages. The citrulline-arginine cycle may contribute to the regulation of intracellular availability of arginine and thus the prolonged production of NO by ...
Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 is required for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced citrullination and arthritis, but not...Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 is required for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced citrullination and arthritis, but not...
Citrullination, the post-translational conversion of arginines to citrullines, may contribute to rheumatoid arthritis development given the generation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). However, it is not known which peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) catalyzes the citrullination seen in inflammation. PAD4 exacerbates inflammatory arthritis and is critical for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs display citrullinated antigens targeted by ACPAs and thus may be a source of citrullinated protein. However, PAD4 is not required for citrullination in inflamed lungs. PAD2 is important for citrullination in healthy tissues and is present in NETs, but its role in citrullination in the inflamed joint, NETosis and inflammatory arthritis is unknown. Here we use mice with TNFα-induced inflammatory arthritis, a model of rheumatoid arthritis, to identify the roles of PAD2 and PAD4 in citrullination, NETosis, and arthritis. In mice with TNFα-induced arthritis, citrullination in the ...
Plasma arginine and ornithine are the main citrulline precursors in mice infused with arginine-free diets<...Plasma arginine and ornithine are the main citrulline precursors in mice infused with arginine-free diets<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Plasma arginine and ornithine are the main citrulline precursors in mice infused with arginine-free diets. AU - Marini, Juan C.. AU - Didelija, Inka Cajo. AU - Castillo, Leticia. AU - Lee, Brendan. PY - 2010/8/1. Y1 - 2010/8/1. N2 - Dietary arginine is the main dietary precursor for citrulline synthesis, but it is not known if other precursors can compensate when arginine is absent in the diet. To address this question, the contributions of plasma and dietary precursors were determined by using multitracer protocols in conscious mice infused i.g. either an arginine-sufficient diet [Arg(+)] or an arginine-free diet [Arg(2)]. The plasma entry rate of citrulline and arginine did not differ between the 2 diet groups (156 ± 6 and 564 ± 30 μmol·kg-1·h-1, respectively); however, the entry rate of ornithine was greater in the mice fed the Arg(+) than the Arg(-) diet (332 ± 33 vs. 180 ± 16 μmol·kg -1·h-1). There was a greater utilization of plasma ornithine for the synthesis of ...
Iguratimod dose dependently inhibits the expression of citrullinated proteins and peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 in...Iguratimod dose dependently inhibits the expression of citrullinated proteins and peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 in...
Introduction Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullinated proteins (CPs), which are produced by post-translational modification via...
Export Data and Price of L Citrulline Malate | www.eximpulse.comExport Data and Price of L Citrulline Malate | www.eximpulse.com
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Expression of citrulline and homocitrulline residues in the lungs of non-smokers and smokers: implications for autoimmunity in...Expression of citrulline and homocitrulline residues in the lungs of non-smokers and smokers: implications for autoimmunity in...
INTRODUCTION: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and it has been proposed that smoking-induced citrullination renders autoantigens immunogenic. To investigate this mechanism, we examined human lung tissue from 40 subjects with defined smoking status, with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and control tissues from other organs for citrullinated proteins and the deiminating enzymes peptidylarginine deiminase type-2 (PAD2) and -4 (PAD4). METHODS: Lung tissue samples, dissected from lobectomy specimens from 10 never smokers, 10 smokers without airflow limitation, 13 COPD smokers and eight COPD ex-smokers, and control tissue samples (spleen, skeletal muscle, liver, ovary, lymph node, kidney and heart), were analysed for citrullinated proteins, PAD2 and PAD4 by immunoblotting. Citrulline and homocitrulline residues in enolase and vimentin were analysed by partial purification by gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry in 12 of the lung
Citrulline Supplementation Combined With Exercise: Effect on Muscle Function in Elderly People (CITEX Study) - Tabular View -...Citrulline Supplementation Combined With Exercise: Effect on Muscle Function in Elderly People (CITEX Study) - Tabular View -...
Citrulline is a non-protein amino acid, isolated from watermelon, involved in the urea cycle and an arginine precursor. Participants will take 10g/d of citrulline or placebo (isocaloric).. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a high intensity aerobic training (30 sec at 85% and up of HRmax + 1min30 at 65-70% of HRmax). they HIIT duration is 30 min/session. HIIT is recognized as beneficial to improve health in human such as Vo2max, body fat or .. Then intervention will be follow during 12 consecutive weeks.. ...
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Preferential decrease of IgG4 anti-citrullinated protein antibodies during treatment with TNF blocking agents in patients with...Preferential decrease of IgG4 anti-citrullinated protein antibodies during treatment with TNF blocking agents in patients with...
Objective: To investigate the dynamics of IgG1 and IgG4 anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) subclasses during anti-TNF treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).. Methods: IgG, IgG1 and IgG4 ACPA levels were determined by ELISA on citrullinated fibrinogen (ACF) and IgG1:IgG4 ACPA ratios were calculated. A pilot study was performed in 28 ACF positive patients treated with infliximab for one year. Confirmation of the results was obtained using a cohort of 180 consecutive patients treated with adalimumab for 28 weeks.. Results: The median reduction in ACF levels was 31% for total IgG, 29% for IgG1, 40% for IgG4 and 22% for the IgG4:IgG1 ACF ratio in the infliximab cohort. In the adalimumab treated patients, ACF levels declined 14% for total IgG and IgG1, and 36% for IgG4 ACF; the IgG4:IgG1 ratio was reduced by 24% (all percentage values P , 0.05). The decrease in antibody levels was correlated with the clinical response; EULAR good responders had the greatest decline in antibody ...
OP0019 Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies directly induce bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis | Annals of the Rheumatic...OP0019 Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies directly induce bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis | Annals of the Rheumatic...
Methods A strong and specific association between autoantibodies against citrullinated proteins and serum markers for osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was found in the serum of RA patients. Moreover, human osteoclasts expressed enzymes eliciting protein citrullination such as PAD2 and revealed specific inducible N-terminal citrullination of vimentin during their differentiation process. Affinity purified human autoantibodies against mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) not only bound to the osteoclast surface, but also lead to a robust induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptive activity. Adoptive transfer of human MCV antibodies into RAG1-/- mice was followed by induction of osteopenia and increased osteoclastogenesis in vivo. This effect was based on the inducible release of TNFa from osteoclast precursors and the subsequent increase of CD11b+ osteoclast precursor cell numbers with enhanced expression of RANK and CSF1 receptors in vivo.. ...
Citrullinated proteins have increased immunogenicity and arthritogenicity and their presence in arthritic joints correlates...Citrullinated proteins have increased immunogenicity and arthritogenicity and their presence in arthritic joints correlates...
Autoantibodies directed against citrulline-containing proteins have an impressive specificity of nearly 100% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and have been suggested to be involved in the disease pathogenesis. The targeted epitopes are generated by a post-translational modification catalysed by the calcium-dependent enzyme peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD), which converts positively charged arginine to polar but uncharged citrulline. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of citrullination on the immunogenicity of autoantigens as well as on potential arthritogenicity. Thus, immune responses to citrullinated rat serum albumin (Cit-RSA) and to unmodified rat serum albumin (RSA) were examined as well as arthritis development induced by immunisation with citrullinated rat collagen type II (Cit-CII) or unmodified CII. In addition, to correlate the presence of citrullinated proteins and the enzyme PAD4 with different stages of arthritis, synovial tissues obtained at different time points from
The Devil in the Details: The Emerging Role of Anticitrulline Autoimmunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis | The Journal of ImmunologyThe Devil in the Details: The Emerging Role of Anticitrulline Autoimmunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis | The Journal of Immunology
Five mammalian peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), PAD1-4 and PAD6, each with a defined tissue distribution, mediate citrullination of arginine in the presence of sufficient concentrations of Ca2+ (reviewed in Ref.26). Interestingly, PAD enzymes were found in monocytes (PAD4) and macrophages (PAD2 and PAD4) in synovial fluid (27), indicating that they could be involved in citrullination of synovial proteins once they become activated. Indeed, it has been shown that citrullination of synovial proteins is an active process during inflammation (28, 29) and that several citrullinated proteins, such as fibrin (30), can be found in the RA synovium. Together with citrullinated proteins in the inflamed joint, B cells actively secreting ACPA have been detected in synovial fluid and synovium from RA patients (31, 32) but not in peripheral blood or in healthy controls. The presence of IgM ACPA-secreting B cells in synovial fluid is indicative of a continuous activation of B cells specific for citrullinated ...
Very high levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are associated with HLA-DRB1*15 non-shared epitope allele in patients...Very high levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are associated with HLA-DRB1*15 non-shared epitope allele in patients...
Objective Production of anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) is an important biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We undertook this study to determine whether genetic factors (HLADRB1 alleles) are associated with extreme ACPA levels in individuals with ACPA-positive RA, and to ascertain whether there are any phenotypic characteristics associated with these subgroups of RA. Methods HLADRB1 allelic groups were genotyped in 1,073 ACPA-positive RA patients from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis study. We found that 283 patients (26.4%) had high ACPA levels (defined as ,1,500 units/ml using the Euro-Diagnostica anti-CCP2 test), while the rest of the patients had moderate ACPA levels and served as the comparison group. A replication group consisted of 235 RA patients. Results No significant differences in baseline disease activity were observed between patients with high and those with moderate ACPA levels. However, the HLADRB1*15 allele was associated with ...
Citrullinated Fibrinogen monoclonal antibody, clone 3D1 - (MAB5303) - Products - AbnovaCitrullinated Fibrinogen monoclonal antibody, clone 3D1 - (MAB5303) - Products - Abnova
Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against synthetic peptide of Citrullinated Fibrinogen. A synthetic peptide corresponding to mouse Citrullinated Fibrinogen. (MAB5303) - Products - Abnova
Abstract 20419: Citrullination in Actin-Tropomyosin-Myosin Complex: Novel Regulatory Mechanism | CirculationAbstract 20419: Citrullination in Actin-Tropomyosin-Myosin Complex: Novel Regulatory Mechanism | Circulation
Background: A novel protein post-translational modification, citrullination was shown previously in a number of key myofilament proteins, tropomyosin (R 133, R 238), actin (R 39) and myosin heavy chain (R 1176, 1303, 1434) in HF patient (values for total spectra counts for citrullinated proteins in control, ISHD and IDCM: 1.8 ±1.3, 3.2±2.7 and 2.3±1.9, respectively). The alterations in contractile proteins underlying enhanced Ca2+-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in end-stage failing human myocardium are still not resolved. Protein citrullination arises from the enzymatic conversion of arginine residues to citrulline result in loss of a positive charge and reduction in hydrogen-bonding ability. And here, the biophysical and biochemical effect on myofilament function is determined.. Method: F-actin-tropomyosin binding, tropomyosin-actin-myosin, actin-myosin and myosin ATPase activity assays, and F-actin stability assays were carried out.. Results: In vitro citrullinated tropomyosin ...
Autoantibodies from single circulating plasmablasts react with citrullinated antigens and Porphyromonas gingivalis in...Autoantibodies from single circulating plasmablasts react with citrullinated antigens and Porphyromonas gingivalis in...
RESULTS: 19.5% of plasmablast-derived antibodies from CCP-positive RA patients, but none from the CCP-negative RA patient or healthy controls, specifically recognized citrullinated antigens. The immunoglobulin genes encoding these ACPAs were highly mutated with increased replacement/silent mutation ratios, suggesting the involvement of active antigen selection in ACPA generation. Interestingly, 63% of the ACPAs cross-reacted with OMAs and/or citrullinated enolase from P. gingivalis. The reactivity of ACPAs against citrullinated proteins from P. gingivalis was confirmed by immuno blot and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, germ-line reversions of some ACPAs completely eliminated their reactivity to citrullinated human antigens but retained their reactivity to P. gingivalis ...
5JLZ | CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HLA-DRB1*04:01 IN COMPLEX WITH MODIFIED ALPHA- ENOLASE PEPTIDE 26-40 WITH CITRULLINE AT THE...5JLZ | CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HLA-DRB1*04:01 IN COMPLEX WITH MODIFIED ALPHA- ENOLASE PEPTIDE 26-40 WITH CITRULLINE AT THE...
cansSAR 3D Structure of 5JLZ_D | CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HLA-DRB1*04:01 IN COMPLEX WITH MODIFIED ALPHA- ENOLASE PEPTIDE 26-40 WITH CITRULLINE AT THE POSITION 32 | 5JLZ
8g/day Citrulline Increase Leg Workout Performance - More Reps on Leg Press, Hack Squat & Leg Ext. in Exp. Gymrats -...8g/day Citrulline Increase Leg Workout Performance - More Reps on Leg Press, Hack Squat & Leg Ext. in Exp. Gymrats -...
Practical applications - What the scientists say: "Although citrulline malate supplements are marketed to improve muscle performance via a reduction in lactic acid and ammonia production, the current study does not fully support this assertion. While our investigation did note improved muscle performance occurring during the strength protocol,blood lactate remained indifferent comparing the citrulline malate treatment to the placebo treatment. The known capacity of citrulline malate to increase plasma L-arginine (Hickner. 2006), act as a buffer to lactate and hyperammonemia (Briand. 1992; Giannesini. 2011; Verleye. 1995) remain valid; however, further research is necessary to determine which mechanism may be directly attributed ergogenic effects occurring during resistance training protocols. Finally, specific investigations utilizing training protocols designed to test muscular strength and power are warranted." (Wax. 2014 ...
SD Pharmaceuticals Citrulline Malate 2000 | Pump & Vasodilator - Supplement SuperstoreSD Pharmaceuticals Citrulline Malate 2000 | Pump & Vasodilator - Supplement Superstore
SD Pharmaceuticals CITRULLINE MALATE 2000 is formulated with a scientifically validated dose of pure citrulline malate. Citrulline has been shown in research to play a key role in aerobic and anaerobic pathways of energy metabolism, as well as nitric oxide production, demonstrating its ability to enhance energy, reduce fatigue, and pump muscles up during workouts!. ...
Best healthy pre workout - BestpreworkoutforwomenBest healthy pre workout - Bestpreworkoutforwomen
The Citrulline is basically the amino acid which is produced naturally within the human body. However you can also consume Citrulline from additional supplements which will help in increasing the levels of Citrulline in your body which is beneficial in increasing the performance during workouts and exercises. One of the impact that Citrulline has on the body is it increases the flow of blood to the tissues of the body. When you compare this in the context of workouts, the intake of Citrulline helps in supplying your exercising muscles with the required nutrients as well as oxygen that is required for optimum performance.. One of the research conducted found out that cyclists who took Citrulline lasted 12% longer before getting exhausted in comparison to those who were on placebo. Another study found out that the Citrulline has positive impact on the upper body for training purposes. The participants who took Citrulline were able to perform 53% more of the repetitions in comparison to those who ...
Spontaneous secretion of peptidyl-arginine deiminase 2 and cell surface exposure of peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 by...Spontaneous secretion of peptidyl-arginine deiminase 2 and cell surface exposure of peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 by...
Autoantibodies directed against citrullinated epitopes of proteins are highly diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and elevated levels of protein citrullination can be found in the joints of RA patients. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms and the cell type(s) responsible for the increase in protein citrullination remain incompletely understood, the neutrophil is emerging as a prime suspect. Here we report that fully viable resting neutrophils from healthy donors have enzymatically active PAD4 exposed on their surface and that they spontaneously secrete enzymatically active PAD2. Activation of the neutrophils by several stimulatory agents, such as immune complexes, tumor necrosis factor a, phorbol myristate acetate, and agonists of Toll-like receptors1, 5, 7, and 9, increased the immunoreactive amount of PAD4 on the cells. However, immune complex, LPS and PMA stimulation reduced PAD2 secretion. The presence of extracellular PAD2 and PAD4 was not caused by NETosis, apoptosis, or lysis ...
Nitric Oxide Synthase | The Chopra LibraryNitric Oxide Synthase | The Chopra Library
Arginine is derived from dietary protein intake, body protein breakdown, or endogenous de novo arginine production. The latter may be linked to the availability of citrulline, which is the immediate precursor of arginine and limiting factor for de novo arginine production. Arginine metabolism is highly compartmentalized due to the expression of the enzymes involved in arginine metabolism in various organs. A small fraction of arginine enters the NO synthase (NOS) pathway. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential and rate-limiting cofactor for the production of NO ...
Bee Healthy Farms: October 2015Bee Healthy Farms: October 2015
The ability of a specially prepared water propolis extract (PWE) to preserve the functional activity of the intestinal mucosa after radiation exposure was studied. PWE was given orally (650mg/kg) to rats five days prior to irradiation by 6Gy and continued for further two days. Rats were sacrificed 24h later, intestinal segments were examined histologically and homogenates were used to assess relevant biochemical parameters reflecting intestinal injury. Irradiation led to a rise in the histological damage score, a rise in tissue TNF-α and TBARS, and a decrease in sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, GSH and cholecystokinin as well as a decrease in plasma citrulline ...
Bee Healthy Farms: Intestinal Linings Protected by Propolis from RadiationBee Healthy Farms: Intestinal Linings Protected by Propolis from Radiation
The ability of a specially prepared water propolis extract (PWE) to preserve the functional activity of the intestinal mucosa after radiation exposure was studied. PWE was given orally (650mg/kg) to rats five days prior to irradiation by 6Gy and continued for further two days. Rats were sacrificed 24h later, intestinal segments were examined histologically and homogenates were used to assess relevant biochemical parameters reflecting intestinal injury. Irradiation led to a rise in the histological damage score, a rise in tissue TNF-α and TBARS, and a decrease in sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, GSH and cholecystokinin as well as a decrease in plasma citrulline ...
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Buy Citrulline Malate Capsules. Citrulline Malate, a naturally occurring amino acid, increases blood levels of arginine. We are proud to offer it for...
Profiling of IgG antibodies targeting unmodified and corresponding citrullinated autoantigens in a multicenter national cohort...Profiling of IgG antibodies targeting unmodified and corresponding citrullinated autoantigens in a multicenter national cohort...
To assess the diagnostic potential of IgG antibodies to citrullinated and corresponding native autoantigens in early arthritis. IgG autoantibodies to 390 distinct unmodified and corresponding in vitro citrullinated recombinant proteins were measured by a multiplex assay in baseline blood samples from a German multicenter national cohort of 411 early arthritis patients (56.5 ± 14.6 years, 62.8% female). The cohort was randomly split into a training cohort (n = 329, 28.6% ACPA positive) and a validation cohort (n = 82, 32.9% ACPA pos.). The diagnostic properties of candidate antibodies to predict a subsequent diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as opposed to a non-RA diagnosis were assessed by receiver operating characteristics analysis and generalized linear modeling (GLM) with Bonferroni correction in comparison to clinically determined IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) status. Of 411 patients, 309 (75.2%) were classified as RA. Detection rates of antibody
Citrulline Malate Powder: Buy L-Citrulline Malate - VitaminExpressCitrulline Malate Powder: Buy L-Citrulline Malate - VitaminExpress
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Citrulline Antibody Test Results & Information on Normal RangeCitrulline Antibody Test Results & Information on Normal Range
Citrulline antibody is a test used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis. Discover the normal range for citrulline antibody, and get information on the meaning of your test results.
Pure Citrulline Malate 2:1 - NutratechPure Citrulline Malate 2:1 - Nutratech
Our Pure Citrulline Malate is completely filler-free giving you pure Citrulline Malate in a 2:1 ratio. Proven to boost performance, endurance and nitric oxide levels it is another must-have in any performance boosting arsenal. Overview One of the most under dosed ingredients in the industry also touted as a
Fine specificity of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response is influenced by the shared epitope alleles. - PubMed -...Fine specificity of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response is influenced by the shared epitope alleles. - PubMed -...
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OPUS 4 | SearchOPUS 4 | Search
Antibodies to citrulline-modifi ed proteins have a high diagnostic value in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, their biological role in disease development is still unclear. To obtain insight into this question, a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies was generated against a major triple helical collagen type II (CII) epitope (position 359 - 369; ARGLTGRPGDA) with or without arginines modifi ed by citrullination. These antibodies bind cartilage and synovial tissue, and mediate arthritis in mice. Detection of citrullinated CII from RA patients synovial fl uid demonstrates that cartilage-derived CII is indeed citrullinated in vivo. The structure determination of a Fab fragment of one of these antibodies in complex with a citrullinated peptide showed a surprising beta -turn conformation of the peptide and provided information on citrulline recognition. Based on these findings, we propose that autoimmunity to CII, leading to the production of antibodies specific for both native and citrullinated ...
Healthy Ingredients | Sure Wellness SystemsHealthy Ingredients | Sure Wellness Systems
L-arginine and L-citrulline are chemically related amino acids, and they are frequently converted back and forth in your cells. However, the conversion from L-arginine to L-citrulline requires a different metabolic pathway than the conversion from L-citrulline to L-arginine. The conversion of citrulline to arginine utilizes a pathway that first produces ornithine. The arginine-to-citrulline conversion is more direct and produces a molecule of nitric oxide. One of nitric oxides many effects is to dilate your arteries, which improves blood flow to exercising muscles. It is believed that supplementation with L-citrulline increases arginine synthesis, which in turn enhances nitric oxide production.. Considerations. Supplementation with L-citrulline malate could improve exercise performance through two mechanisms. By facilitating removal of ammonia from exercising muscles, citrulline enhances cellular metabolism, improves energy production and extends exercise times. By increasing nitric oxide ...
Citrulline Malate Reviews for Lean Muscle Mass Gains & Post-Workout SorenessCitrulline Malate Reviews for Lean Muscle Mass Gains & Post-Workout Soreness
Citrulline Malate Review for Bodybuilders who want to Gain Lean Muscle Mass or for Post-Workout Recovery. Is CM Powder Better than L-Citrulline Supplements?
ALLMAX Citrulline Malate (150 servings / 300g)ALLMAX Citrulline Malate (150 servings / 300g)
CITRULLINE MALATE improves training intensity, endurance and speed of recovery. It performs this through 5 main functions: Increases blood Arginine levels (gram for gram at double the level of Arginine). Increases endothelial Nitric Oxide (NO) levels thereby improving vascular function and blood flow. Improves kidney b
Search Results for Clinical Medicine | De GruyterSearch Results for Clinical Medicine | De Gruyter
Background: The aim of the study was to describe automated immunoassays for autoantibodies to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen in various disease categories in an early arthritis series.. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 142 patients over 16 years of age with newly diagnosed inflammatory joint disease. All samples were analyzed with an automated inhibition chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) using four different peptide pairs, each consisting of a biotinylated antigen and an inhibiting peptide. Assays were performed with an IDS-iSYS analyzer. Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline and citrulline containing C-telopeptides of type I (HTELO-I, TELO-I) and type II collagens (HTELO-II, TELO-II) were analyzed.. Results: The mean ratio of HTELO-I inhibition in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was 3.07 (95% CI 1.41-11.60), p=0.003, and in seropositive and seronegative undifferentiated arthritis (UA) 4.90 (1.85-14.49), ...
Amino Acids for Super Humans. Part II - Arginine, Citrulline and Ornithine: Nitric Oxide and Beyond - SuppVersity: Nutrition...Amino Acids for Super Humans. Part II - Arginine, Citrulline and Ornithine: Nitric Oxide and Beyond - SuppVersity: Nutrition...
In the second installment of the show we are going to look at the purported and busted NO Booster l-Arginine, its metabolites citrulline and ornithine, malic acid or alpha ketoglutarate binding of this amino acids and their largely overlooked effects on glucose homeostasis, protein synthesis and detoxification ...
Arginine supplement | L arginine vs L citrulline | We R StupidArginine supplement | L arginine vs L citrulline | We R Stupid
No study has proven any benefit from even higher doses of oral arginine supplement in healthy disease free individuals. Citrulline is more powerful.
Foods rich in l arginine l citrulline - Answers on HealthTapFoods rich in l arginine l citrulline - Answers on HealthTap
Answers from specialists on foods rich in l arginine l citrulline. First: I dont see any significant problems taking all of these supplements. If you have any side effects, however, it may be a challenge to know which is the culprit. Typically, side effects from these are minimal or not existent. If you are taking the prilosec due to the others causing GI complaints, you may want to reconsider this strategy.
Bulk Supplements | Citrulline MalateBulk Supplements | Citrulline Malate
Citrulline Malate is one of the best products for nitric oxide production, reducing lactic acid present in muscles and increasing ATP production.
Proteins & Amino Acids - CitrullineProteins & Amino Acids - Citrulline
Citrulline is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the diet.
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Abstract 16986: A New Cardiac Muscle Post-Translational Modification: Detection of Protein Arginine Deiminases and Protein...Abstract 16986: A New Cardiac Muscle Post-Translational Modification: Detection of Protein Arginine Deiminases and Protein...
ABSTRACT: Protein citrullination originates from enzymatic deimination of amino acid arginine in a protein and is involved in various biological processes during health and disease. However, it has not been investigated in heart. Therefore, our goal was to identify novel substrates for peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), enzyme responsible for this modification and associate it with changes in protein citrullination during heart failure (HF).. METHODS: Proteomics methods were used to identify citrullinated proteins and the site of modification in control mouse and control vs. HF human heart tissue (5 per group). The characterization of deiminated proteins was facilitated by modification of peptide-bound citrullineted Arg residues with antipyrine and butanedione, allowing for the unambiguous identification by mass spectrometry. Verification of citrullinated proteins was carried out by 2DE (modification causes pI shift) and western blot with anti-citrullinated antibody. PAD enzyme expression was ...
Scitec Nutrition BETA ALANINE+CITRULLINE MALATE Lactic Carnosine booster - Battle Box UKScitec Nutrition BETA ALANINE+CITRULLINE MALATE Lactic Carnosine booster - Battle Box UK
Directions Divide 1 serving (4 g) into 4 equal doses and take them spread out evenly during the day. The most precise dosing is 50 milligrams per 1 kg bodyweight daily. Use this product in conjunction with food as part of a healthy, balanced diet, not as a substitute for such.. CITRULLINE MALATE. 3000 mg per serving. Citrulline is combined with Malic Acid to form Citrulline Malate. The amino acid Citrulline occurs in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), while Malic Acid is an organic acid that is abundant in nature (e.g. in fruits). Many proteins contain Citrulline and both ingredients are key intermediates in metabolic cycles ...
Methods for the Detection of Peptidylarginine Deiminase (PAD) Activity and Protein CitrullinationMethods for the Detection of Peptidylarginine Deiminase (PAD) Activity and Protein Citrullination
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L-citrulline improves splanchnic perfusion and reduces gut injury duri by Kim Van Wijck, Karolina A. P. Wijnands et al."L-citrulline improves splanchnic perfusion and reduces gut injury duri" by Kim Van Wijck, Karolina A. P. Wijnands et al.
VAN WIJCK, K., K. A. P. WIJNANDS, D. M. MEESTERS, B. BOONEN, L. J. C. VAN LOON, W. A. BUURMAN, C. H. C. DEJONG, K. LENAERTS, and M. POEZE. L-Citrulline Improves Splanchnic Perfusion and Reduces Gut Injury during Exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 46, No. 11, pp. 2039-2046, 2014. Purpose: Splanchnic hypoperfusion is a physiological phenomenon during strenuous exercise. It has been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and intestinal injury and may hamper athletic performance. We hypothesized that L-citrulline supplementation improves splanchnic perfusion and decreases intestinal injury by enhancing arginine availability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of L-citrulline intake on splanchnic perfusion, intestinal injury, and barrier function during exercise. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind crossover study, 10 men cycled for 60 min at 70% of their maximum workload after L-citrulline (10 g) or placebo (L-alanine) intake. Splanchnic perfusion was assessed using gastric air
Characterization and localization of citrullinated proteoglycan aggrecan in human articular cartilage<...Characterization and localization of citrullinated proteoglycan aggrecan in human articular cartilage<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization and localization of citrullinated proteoglycan aggrecan in human articular cartilage. AU - Glant, Tibor T.. AU - Ocsko, Timea. AU - Markovics, Adrienn. AU - Szekanecz, Z.. AU - Katz, Robert S.. AU - Rauch, Tibor A.. AU - Mikecz, Katalin. PY - 2016/3/1. Y1 - 2016/3/1. N2 - Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of the synovial joints. The autoimmune character of RA is underscored by prominent production of autoantibodies such as those against IgG (rheumatoid factor), and a broad array of joint tissue-specific and other endogenous citrullinated proteins. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) can be detected in the sera and synovial fluids of RA patients and ACPA seropositivity is one of the diagnostic criteria of RA. Studies have demonstrated that RA T cells respond to citrullinated peptides (epitopes) of proteoglycan (PG) aggrecan, which is one of the most abundant macromolecules of articular cartilage. However, it is not known if ...
L-Citrulline May Reverse the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Detoxifies Ammonia - BioFoundationsL-Citrulline May Reverse the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Detoxifies Ammonia - BioFoundations
The organic compound l-citrulline is an α-amino acid and is considered non-essential. It is an amino acid that participates in and is a key intermediate in the important Urea cycle which is the pathway by which mammals excrete ammonia.. The rind of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is the highest source of l-citrulline. Garlic and onions also have some trace amounts of l-citrulline. Due to the fact that these food sources have little amounts of l-citrulline, it is necessary to consume a l-citrulline supplement to achieve the therapeutic effects. L-Citrulline is an amino acid that plays an important role in nitric oxide metabolism and regulation. L-Citrulline is converted to L-Arginine in the body to support L-Arginine and nitric oxide levels. Increased production of nitric oxide (NO) promotes vascular dilation which improves oxygen and blood circulation throughout the body. The ingestion of l-citrulline can abrogate the state of oxidative stress and reverse the progression of atherosclerosis. This ...
Featured Publications: Branched-chain amino acids, arginine, citrulline alleviate central fatigue; prevent perceptual-motor...Featured Publications: Branched-chain amino acids, arginine, citrulline alleviate central fatigue; prevent perceptual-motor...
Dr. Chen-Kang Chang and team studied the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), arginine, and citrulline supplementation on central fatigue. Between periods of intensive Taekwando exercise, they measured the premotor reaction time of athletes who were given amino acid (AA) supplements versus those who received a placebo. They also measured the ratios of free tryptophan to BCAA, since tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin- a molecule that may be responsible for lethargy when present in high levels ...
CitrullineCitrulline
References. 1. Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, et al. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br J Sports Med . 2002;36:282-9. 2. Callis A, Magnan de Bornier B, Serrano JJ, et al. Activity of citrulline malate on acid-base balance and blood ammonia and amino acid levels. Study in the animal and in man. Arzneimittelforschung . 1991;41:660-3. 3. Zurich Medical Labs. Abstracts and clinical studies-citrulline malate. Available at: http://www.zurichlabs.com/id_noxtz.htm . Accessed May 25, 2005. ...
How Long Should Your Erection Last Can Problems Uti Cause -- Eucomcxxi ImpotenceHow Long Should Your Erection Last Can Problems Uti Cause -- Eucomcxxi Impotence
Chaque comprim contient: 500 mg de L-arginine 250 mg de L-ornithine deux trouvent leur utilisation dans la pratique de la musculation. How Long Should Your Erection Last Can Problems Uti Cause exercise eathing and supplements such a arginine magnesium and cayenne.This is very good if you feel a migraine coming on or have a hangover. Pregnancy: Arginine injection is classified as FDA pregnancy category B. of ed hardy womens perfume boots fatigue ed the stress response to injury and the second is the development of.. When this hormone is too low your interest in sex is affected. ADMA arginine arginine/ADMA ratio and citrulline levels of patients with RA. At this very high dosage (1000mg) it was not long before this happened to me. Arginine Extreme combines a substantial amount of L-arginine with other amino acids B-vitamins and related nutrients scientifically designed to contribute to the. Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder in which the body produces.. References authors citations ...
Enzyme deregulation in diseaseEnzyme deregulation in disease
Citrullination (or deamination) is carried out by a small family of enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) and is involved in innate immunity, nerve cell myelination, skin homeostasis and pluripotency. Conversely, abnormal citrullination is a pathological feature of diseases such as autoimmunity (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis), neurodegeneration (Alzheimers and prion diseases), atherosclerosis and late stage cancer, while its inhibition by genetic and pharmacological means was shown to prevent or revert some of these pathologies. Despite the likely mechanistic importance of citrullination in both cell physiology and disease, it remains largely unexplored.. The central aims of our work are to define the molecular mechanisms that control PADI activation under physiological conditions, understand how PADIs modulate protein and cell function and decipher how abnormal citrullination contributes to pathology. We employ a combination of ...
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OBJECTIVE: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies have emerged as sensitive and specific serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, antibodies to several other citrulline-containing proteins, including citrullinated fibrin and vimentin, have been detected in patients with RA, suggesting that citrulline is an essential constituent of autoantigens for RA-specific autoantibodies. We examined the diagnostic performance of the newly developed anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibody assay. METHODS: Concentrations of anti-MCV, anti-CCP2, and rheumatoid factors (RF) were determined in the sera of 237 individuals: 119 patients with RA and 118 controls, including patients with other rheumatic diseases and healthy subjects. Diagnostic properties were compared by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Using manufacturers recommended cutoff values, sensitivity and specificity of anti-MCV antibodies were 75.6% and 91.5% in RA, compared to 66.4% and ...
Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis | Science ImmunologySynovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis | Science Immunology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial joint inflammation and by development of pathogenic humoral and cellular autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a source of citrullinated autoantigens and activate RA synovial fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), cells crucial in joint damage. We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which NETs promote proinflammatory phenotypes in FLS and whether these interactions generate pathogenic anti-citrulline adaptive immune responses. NETs containing citrullinated peptides are internalized by FLS through a RAGE-TLR9 pathway, promoting FLS inflammatory phenotype and their up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Once internalized, arthritogenic NET peptides are loaded into FLS MHC class II and presented to antigen-specific T cells. HLA-DRB1*04:01 transgenic mice immunized with mouse FLS loaded with NETs develop antibodies specific to citrullinated forms of relevant autoantigens ...
PADI4 - WikipediaPADI4 - Wikipedia
Peptidyl arginine deiminase, type IV, also known as PADI4, is a human protein which in humans is encoded by the PADI4 gene. The human gene is found on the short arm of Chromosome 1 near the telomere (1p36.13). It is located on the Watson (plus) strand and is 55,806 bases long. The protein is 663 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 74,095 Da. This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response. PADI4 plays a role in the epigenetics, the deimination of arginines on histones 3 and 4 can act antagonistically to arginine methylation (Chromatin modifications and their function, Kouzarides 2007, Cell, review) The protein may be found in oligomers and binds 5 calcium ions per subunit. It catalyses the reaction: Protein L-arginine + H2O = protein L-citrulline + NH3 It is normally found in the cytoplasm, nucleus ...
JCI - Induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by human autoantibodies against citrullinated vimentinJCI - Induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by human autoantibodies against citrullinated vimentin
Purification of MCV-ACPAs. Samples of serum with very high ACPA response (,1,000 IU/ml) were obtained from 3 RA patients presenting at the Department of Medicine 3 of the University Clinic of Erlangen. ACPA activity was detected with a commercially available ELISA for detection of antibodies against citrullinated vimentin (Orgentec Diagnostika).. Recombinant MCV was conjugated to CNBr-sepharose (GE Healthcare) (1 mg protein/ml equilibrated sepharose) according to the manufacturers instructions and stored at 4°C in PBS with 0.1% BSA. Prior to affinity purification of ACPAs, IgG was purified by affinity chromatography on a protein A column (GE Healthcare). Eluted IgG fractions were immediately neutralized with 1:10 volume of 1 M Tris-buffer (pH 8.0) and dialyzed against PBS (pH 7.2). Each purified IgG fraction was applied to a separate citrullinated vimentin affinity column (1 ml matrix per serum sample) and incubated for 2 hours at 4°C, rotating end over end. The column was washed with 0.5 M ...
Generation of monoclonal antibodies against peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (pad2) and development of a pad2-specific enzyme...Generation of monoclonal antibodies against peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (pad2) and development of a pad2-specific enzyme...
Generation of monoclonal antibodies against peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (pad2) and development of a pad2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...
JCI - Two rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantigens correlate microbial immunity with autoimmune responses in jointsJCI - Two rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantigens correlate microbial immunity with autoimmune responses in joints
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), immunological triggers at mucosal sites, such as the gut microbiota, may promote autoimmunity that affects joints. Here, we used discovery-based proteomics to detect HLA-DR-presented peptides in synovia or peripheral blood mononuclear cells and identified 2 autoantigens, N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (GNS) and filamin A (FLNA), as targets of T and B cell responses in 52% and 56% of RA patients, respectively. Both GNS and FLNA were highly expressed in synovia. GNS appeared to be citrullinated, and GNS antibody values correlated with anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) levels. FLNA did not show the same results. The HLA-DR-presented GNS peptide has marked sequence homology with epitopes from sulfatase proteins of the Prevotella sp. and Parabacteroides sp., whereas the HLA-DR-presented FLNA peptide has homology with epitopes from proteins of the Prevotella sp. and Butyricimonas sp., another gut commensal. Patients with T cell reactivity with each self-peptide ...
Associations of antibodies against citrullinated peptides with human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope and smoking prior to the...Associations of antibodies against citrullinated peptides with human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope and smoking prior to the...
Introduction: It has previously been shown that an increased number of antibodies against citrullinated peptides/proteins (ACPA) predate the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Over time antibody positivity expands, involving more specific responses when approaching the onset of symptoms. We investigated the impact of human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope (HLA-SE) alleles and smoking on the development of ACPA, as well as in combination with ACPA during the state of quiescent autoimmunity (before the onset of symptoms), on the development of RA. Methods: Blood samples donated to the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden from individuals prior to the onset of symptoms of RA (n = 370) and after onset (n = 203) and from population-based controls (n = 585) were used. Antibodies against 10 citrullinated peptides, fibrinogen (Fib alpha 561-583, alpha 580-600, beta 62-81a, beta 62-81b, beta 36-52), vimentin (Vim2-17, 60-75), filaggrin (CCP-1/Fil307-324),alpha-enolase (CEP-1/Eno5-21), collagen type II ...
1 Bottle Nitric Oxide Complex 3500mg Per Serving L-Arginine HCL AAKG AKG Alpha Ketoglutarate Citrulline Malate 90 Capsules KRK...1 Bottle Nitric Oxide Complex 3500mg Per Serving L-Arginine HCL AAKG AKG Alpha Ketoglutarate Citrulline Malate 90 Capsules KRK...
Each bottle contains 90 capsules. Product contains: 3500mg Complex Blend per 3 capsules containing: L-Arginine HCL, L-Arginine AKG (Alpha KetoGlutarate), Citrulline Malate.. ...
Monoclonal IgG antibodies generated from joint-derived B cells of RA patients have a strong bias toward citrullinated...Monoclonal IgG antibodies generated from joint-derived B cells of RA patients have a strong bias toward citrullinated...
Next we performed reanalyses of the mutation patterns of the monoclonal antibodies generated from ACPA+ patient samples based on citrulline reactivity. As seen in Fig. 4 c, the citrulline-specific antibodies displayed fewer overall mutations but higher R/S ratios in their CDRs as compared with the citrulline-negative clones (Fig. 4 d). Traditionally, selection of high-affinity B cells during affinity maturation is primarily dependent on the presentation of antigens to T cells and takes place in germinal centers (Liu et al., 1997). However, it is known that such affinity maturation may also take place at extrafollicular sites (William et al., 2002). To address whether the citrulline-specific antibodies had undergone affinity-driven maturation, we reverted four antibodies with high citrulline reactivity to their predicted germline sequences. Reversion of mutations in these four citrulline-specific monoclonal antibodies led to a loss of reactivity to all the autoantigens (Fig. 2 e). The above ...
Fred Meyer - Micropure Unflavored Citrulline Powder, 7 ozFred Meyer - Micropure Unflavored Citrulline Powder, 7 oz
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Can L Arginine Cause Kidney Problems Calcium High ~ Portal-Info-SiteCan L Arginine Cause Kidney Problems Calcium High ~ Portal-Info-Site
test the efficacy and safety of oral L-citrulline supplementation in improving erection hardness in patients with mild erectile dysfunction (ED).. L-Lysine hcl (usp 24 Yeast. The benefits and functions attributed to oral supplementation of L-arginine include GH production: Ex , Arg+Ex , Arg , placebo" suggesting against supplementing Can L Arginine Cause Kidney Problems Calcium High with arginine alone prior to exercise if the goal is to raise GH levels but concurring with the previous study that oral L-arginine increases The reason for this being that you dont want to rub the germs from the affected area to other parts of your lips this will spread the infection and cause more cold sores in new XYMOGEN ALAmax CR 60 Tablets (600 mg). A : Cardio Juvenate + Cardio Rejuvenation Formula is a blend of the amino acids L-arginine L-citrulline and A: Key ingredients include L-arginine Cold Soar Cold Soar Alpha Science L-Lysine 500mg 90 Capsules :Ingredients per capsule:L-Lysine 500mgSuggested dose for ...
Agmatine Sulfate Powder 100 Grams - BeamZenAgmatine Sulfate Powder 100 Grams - BeamZen
Agmatine can regulate nitric oxide levels, which leads to the "pump" often felt at the gym after taking pre workout supplements containing this ingredient.*. Citrulline is another supplement which raises plasma arginine concentration. Its unknown whether citrulline and agmatine taken together further enhance systemic nitric oxide production.* Some research suggests that they compete for uptake, so its likely not worthwhile to combine arginine and citrulline. Other supplements that do not go well with agmatine include creatine, DAA, and Yohimbine. Read more about these interactions at Examine.com.. ...
Intestinal injury can be effectively prevented by in gamma irradiated rats. | Meselhy RagabIntestinal injury can be effectively prevented by in gamma irradiated rats. | Meselhy Ragab
is one of the most common microalgae that is used as human food. It is isolated from the salty lakes in El-Fayoum and Lake of Bardawil-Sinai in Egypt and can withstand very high concentrations of salt: The potentiality of , a unicellular biflagellate green alga to protect against intestinal injury induced after radiation exposure was studied. was given orally in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg to male Wistar rats for 5 days before exposure to 6 Gray (Gy) gamma radiation and continued for a further two days. Rats were sacrificed 24 h later and intestinal segments were dissected out. One segment was examined histologically and another was used to prepare homogenates to assess relevant biochemical parameters reflecting intestinal injury. Radiation exposure led to a rise in the histological damage score, an increase in tissue tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) but a reduction in tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) and in serum citrulline. ...
Comment on Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis | Science...Comment on "Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis" | Science...
The importance of including informative controls is similarly underscored in additional figures in the manuscript of Carmona-Rivera et al. In Fig. 1B of the manuscript, Carmona-Rivera et al. demonstrated that ACPAs target several proteins in NETs. Although the detection of antigens in NETs by RA autoantibodies is reproducible using PMA (Fig. 1B, lane 1), the inclusion of unstimulated neutrophils demonstrates that the same bands are also found (some even more prominently) in control cells (Fig. 1B, lane 2). This is far less than the prominent detection of autoantigens in hypercitrullinated neutrophils (Fig. 1B, lane 3). Nevertheless, the absence of controls in Fig. 1B of the manuscript makes it impossible to confirm whether citrullinated autoantigens are generated during NETosis. Because dying cells redistribute their intracellular proteins, it is not surprising that citrullinated proteins found in control neutrophils may be redistributed during NETosis (or any other form of cell death) and ...
EnglishEnglish
Watermelon is a rare food source of Citrulline, an amino acid and an antioxidant. It has been studied to see if watermelon can reduce the effects of exercise-induced acidosis and improve recovery; however studies of Citrulline supplements and watermelon juice in humans have shown mixed results. More research is required to clarify the effect of watermelon or Citrulline on exercise ... Read More ». ...
MusclePharm - VasoSport Nitric Oxide Booster Blue Raspberry 180 Grams - Save 6%MusclePharm - VasoSport Nitric Oxide Booster Blue Raspberry 180 Grams - Save 6%
Save 6% MusclePharm - VasoSport Nitric Oxide Booster Blue Raspberry 180 Grams VasoSport Nitric Oxide Booster Stimulant-Free Pre-Workout Formula* Citrulline, Agmatine, Nitrosigne Combine to Promote Superior Vasodilation* Pump - Strength - Growth* 3g Citrulline Malate 750mg Agmatine Sulfate 750mg Nitrosigine No Proprietary Blends Stimulant-Free Banned-Substance Tested No Artificial Dyes or Colors Stimulant-Free Workout Amplifier* MusclePharm VasoSport is an elite, stimulant-free workout catalyst designed to provide you with the most advanced ingredients to fuel your workouts and yield unmatched results.* Anchored with Citrulline Malate, Nitrosigine and Agmatine Sulfate, VasoSport works to boost Nitric Oxide Production, increasing blood flow and providing massive pumps to power through your workkouts.* We Live It. We Prove It. Our Researchers and Physicians Have Performed Over 20 Clinical, University & Independent Studies 22 Million Finished Products Certified as Banned-Substance Tested by Informed-Choice
Rabbit polyclonal to ARG1. - MEK Inhibitors Reverse cAMP-Mediated AnxietyRabbit polyclonal to ARG1. - MEK Inhibitors Reverse cAMP-Mediated Anxiety
Citrullinated proteins derived from the conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline are present in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who also uniquely produce high levels of anti-citrullinated protein Abs. RA. In this study we isolated a CD4 T cell collection PD 0332991 Isethionate specific for CF that produces inflammatory cytokines. When transferred into mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) this T cell collection specifically enhanced the severity of autoimmune arthritis. Additionally pathogenic IgG2a autoantibody levels to mouse type II collagen were increased in mice that received the T cells in CIA and levels of these T cells were increased in the synovium suggesting the T cells may have had systemic effects around the B cell response as well as local effects around the inflammatory environment. This work demonstrates that CD4 T cells specific for CF can amplify disease severity after onset of CIA. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is usually a chronic ...
NRAGEN'RAGE
L-Citrulline Malate: A compound consisting of Citrulline, a nonessential amino acid. It plays a vital role in many important biological processes including regulating nitric oxide production, helping to eliminate the burn associated with lactic acid build up, reducing the negative effects of ammonia and bacterial endo toxins on performance, increasing the rate of muscle ATP (Andenosine Triphosphate, the major energy source within the cell) production during exercise and greater phosphocreatine recovery after exercise. In fact, L-Citrulline Malate seems to increase plasma Arginine levels better than taking the amino acid Arginine itself! If the enhanced pumps and improved nutrient delivery properties are the reason you are using Arginine based NO products, you need to pay close attention to L-Citrulline Malate as this may result in muscles that can keep on going and going…completely smashing the aerobic threshold ...
Citrulline: a potential immunomodulator in sepsis. - Science ExchangeCitrulline: a potential immunomodulator in sepsis. - Science Exchange
BACKGROUNDSepsis leads to a complex systemic response of cytokines (both pro- and anti-inflammatory) and more recently recognized adipokine mediators. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) may be a key component in regulating this response, but the pharmacologic manipulation of endothelial NO via L-arginine supplementation or inhibitors has provided inconsistent clinical data related to outcomes. These failures are related to the metabolism of L-arginine in the liver, toxicity of L-arginine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine inhibition, all of which may explain the "arginine paradox." L-citrulline (CIT) offers a potentially valuable means of supplementing arginine and therefore impacting favorably NO availability. The goal of this study was to determine whether CIT supplementation altered the systemic response of mediators and cytokines in a rat model of sepsis with varying degrees of severity.METHODSSepsis was induced with 2 models of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) of varying severity in Wistar rats. ...
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Animals. We have previously described the development of mice with myocyte-specific overexpression of eNOS (Brunner et al., 2001). Hearts from TG line 23 were used in this study. This line shows a more than 50-fold overexpression of eNOS in cardiomyocytes. Wild-type (WT) littermates served as controls. NOS activities, determined as [3H]l-citrulline formation, are approximately 50-fold higher in this TG line than in WT hearts (Brunner et al., 2001). Hearts from animals of either sex of the following four experimental groups were studied: 1) WT control, 2) TG control, 3) WT diabetic, and 4) TG diabetic. A total of four sets of hearts, each comprising all four groups, was used: set I for functional studies, set II for measurement of ROS and nitrite in coronary effluent, set III for measurement of cGMP in coronary effluent, and set IV for myocardial O2 uptake measurements (see Results). The protocols for which sets II and III were used required the coinfusion of the spin trap and ...
Protein that switches cancers from inflammation to proliferation identified. ecancer - NewsProtein that switches cancers from inflammation to proliferation identified. ecancer - News
05 Feb 2016. Oxford University scientists researching PAD4, a protein that plays a role in the development of inflammatory diseases like arthritis and which is regularly found in cancers have uncovered the proteins role in cancer development.. Their results are published online by the journal Science Advances.. Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that plays a role in genetic expression - turning our genetic code into functional products in the body.. Professor Nick La Thangue from Oxford Universitys Oncology department explained: As our understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation has increased, interest in PAD enzymes as targets for treatments has grown. PAD4s presence in cancer was well known but its role was not - rather like continually seeing someone at crime scenes but not being able to prove theyre involved.. The team therefore set out to understand the mechanisms by which PAD4 was involved.. They found that PAD4 is attracted by another protein called E2F-1, ...
Source Naturals L-Arginine L-Citrulline Complex - 240 Tablets - eVitamins UKSource Naturals L-Arginine L-Citrulline Complex - 240 Tablets - eVitamins UK
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Allergy Research Group L-Citrulline Powder 100g (3.5 oz.)Allergy Research Group L-Citrulline Powder 100g (3.5 oz.)
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L-Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that supports the optimization of blood flow to the tissues. L-Citrulline functions in the body by being converted to L-Arginine and then into nitric oxide (NO). This nitric oxide is then going to be involved with vasodilation. This vasodilation is what helps increase the amou
Intravenous L-citrulline - Asklepion - AdisInsightIntravenous L-citrulline - Asklepion - AdisInsight
Asklepion is developing intravenous formulation of L-citrulline a non-essential amino acid, for prevention of acute post-operative lung injury. L-citrulline is
arginine or citrulline Archives - Trusted Health Advicearginine or citrulline Archives - Trusted Health Advice
Arginine is considered a miracle amino acid due to its many uses and benefits. From reducing the risk of heart diseases to enhancing the immune system, the immense pharmaceutical value and benefits of arginine have been proven time and again by multiple research. It continues to be a wonder amino acid that offers so many. ...
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February 20, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) activates transaminases Turinabol 10mg by British Dragon that convert one amino acid to another) during the urea cycle.. Coretchii, bending at the waist and knees until the barbell was Testosterone Propionate 100 mg/ml by Balkan Pharma its initial position on the ground, the basic exercises are divided Turinabol effective dosage groups depending on which muscles they affect, citrulline is available in the form of citrulline malate, a chemical compound known to many people as urea, in any legal way, you need to start the exercise itself, the Order is handed to the Client or to the person specified as the Recipient 4, but not without nuances, different muscles will be loaded, return to the original position. The options for this simple exercise are many, the more intense the fast fat stack rated load and the stronger the central motor team that initiates the hormonal response. Of course, without accelerating the pulse, the basic basic exercises that are ...
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As stated earlier in this review, Eracto is composed of some pretty high-quality ingredients. The following is a small description of some of the elite ingredients that you can find in the Eracto formula:. Citrulline - Citrulline is an amino acid derivative that increments our Nitric Oxide production. This is important because Nitric Oxide helps to transfer key nutrients, such as zinc, to the penile region. On top of that, it also raises blood circulation. These things cause for us to enhance our sexual responses and feel far more stimulated.. Cordyceps - Cordyceps are powerful plant extracts that reduce the effects of common problems like erectile dysfunction. Aside from that though, Cordyceps can also be helpful with the treatment of some health issues such as diabetes and respiratory infections.. Muira Puama - This plant extract is very popular in many Asian countries as well as in South America. Normally, it is used for giving your sexual drive a boost and for preventing sexual disorders. ...
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Save 25% Fitness Labs - AminoBoost Natural Fruit Punch 480 Grams AminoBoost® Pre - During - Post 7g BCAAs - Build* 3g Citrulline Malate - Extend* 525 mg Electrolyte Matrix - Hydrate* 3g L-Glutamine - Recover* Caffeine Free 30 Servings Lean Mass - Endurance - Hydration - Recover* Fitness Labs® AminoBoost® is a start-to-finish exercise support system designed to boost four key athletic goals: muscle building, endurance, hydration and recovery.* We use only high-quality amino acids fermented from vegan sources. Build* 7g BCAAs are provided in a researched 2:1:1 ratio which includes approximately 3.5g of L-Leucine, the most important branched-chain amino acid. BCAAs promote muscle growth, endurance and recovery.* Extend* 3g Citrulline Malate helps to fight fatigue during extended workout sessions by supporting the bodys ammonia recycling process.* Hydrate* 525 mg Electrolyte Hydration Matrix is a robust mixture of calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphate and chloride to promote optimal hydration
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INNERPOWERArginine, Citrulline, & Choline Plus Durk Pearson & Sandy Shaws InnerPower and InnerPower Plus help to trigger your own internal biochemical resources of mental and physical power for feeling more vital and youthful.* Both InnerPower and InnerPower Plus combine arginine, choline, citrulline, magnesiu
Rep of the Month - CampusProtein.comRep of the Month - CampusProtein.com
Choline. Is an essential nutrient needed to support cell membrane structural integrity, neurotransmission, and lipid transport; it is naturally produced in the body and also found in food sources such as eggs, meat, fish, peanuts, and broccoli. Choline bitartrate aids in the synthesis and storage of acetylcholine, thus improving the "mind-muscle" connection during workouts. It increases neural focus.. Chondroitin. Chondroitin is part of cartilage tissue. It helps support the structure of joints by holding water and encouraging the nutrient flow around joints. Since cartilage does not receive any blood flow from the body, maintaining optimum cartilage support with Chondroitin can benefit your joint health.. Cissus. Not only does cissus extract improve overall heart health, but it is also an extremely potent natural fat burner.. Citrulline. Is a nonessential amino acid that is primarily found in melons, and malate, an apple derivative. Citrulline is used to enhance nitric oxide (NO) production. ...
CU - CampusProtein.comCU - CampusProtein.com
Choline. Is an essential nutrient needed to support cell membrane structural integrity, neurotransmission, and lipid transport; it is naturally produced in the body and also found in food sources such as eggs, meat, fish, peanuts, and broccoli. Choline bitartrate aids in the synthesis and storage of acetylcholine, thus improving the "mind-muscle" connection during workouts. It increases neural focus.. Chondroitin. Chondroitin is part of cartilage tissue. It helps support the structure of joints by holding water and encouraging the nutrient flow around joints. Since cartilage does not receive any blood flow from the body, maintaining optimum cartilage support with Chondroitin can benefit your joint health.. Cissus. Not only does cissus extract improve overall heart health, but it is also an extremely potent natural fat burner.. Citrulline. Is a nonessential amino acid that is primarily found in melons, and malate, an apple derivative. Citrulline is used to enhance nitric oxide (NO) production. ...
Inspired DVST8 Ultra Extreme Performance Pre-Workout Powder, Citrulline, Beta-Alanine, Dynamine Cali Gold 40 ServingsInspired DVST8 Ultra Extreme Performance Pre-Workout Powder, Citrulline, Beta-Alanine, Dynamine Cali Gold 40 Servings
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A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to...A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to...
We identified an environmental factor, smoking, that in the context of HLA-DR SE genes may trigger RA-specific immune reactions to citrullinated proteins. These data thus suggest an etiology involving a specific genotype, an environmental provocation, and the induction of specific autoimmunity, all …
Non-proteinogenic amino acidsNon-proteinogenic amino acids
WatermelonWatermelon
Amino acidAmino acid
Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosaNeuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
Urea cycleUrea cycle
Fumaric acidFumaric acid
Polatuzumab vedotinPolatuzumab vedotin
Glembatumumab vedotinGlembatumumab vedotin
Arginine deiminaseArginine deiminase
Mary Ellen Jones (chemist)Mary Ellen Jones (chemist)
Carbamate kinaseCarbamate kinase
BiosynthesisBiosynthesis
Succinylornithine transaminaseSuccinylornithine transaminase
Cryptobacterium curtumCryptobacterium curtum
Argininosuccinate synthaseArgininosuccinate synthase
Arginine and proline metabolismArginine and proline metabolism
HomocitrullineHomocitrulline
PhenylglyoxalPhenylglyoxal
CitrullinaseCitrullinase
Lysinuric protein intoleranceLysinuric protein intolerance
Mitochondrial matrixMitochondrial matrix
CitrullinationCitrullination
ATCase/OTCase familyATCase/OTCase family
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodyAnti-citrullinated protein antibody
Semisulcospira libertinaSemisulcospira libertina
FilaggrinFilaggrin
SLC6A19SLC6A19
Nitric oxide synthaseNitric oxide synthase
Myelin basic proteinMyelin basic protein
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesGeographicals
CitrullineOrnithineArginineCitrullusOrnithine CarbamoyltransferaseHydrolasesNitrogen IsotopesGlutamineCarbamyl PhosphateNitric Oxide SynthaseCitrullinemiaArgininosuccinate LyaseArginaseProlineAmmoniaArgininosuccinic AcidNitric OxideAmino Acid OxidoreductasesUreaCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsMouth AbnormalitiesAmino AcidsShort Bowel SyndromeGlutamatesMitochondria, LiverEnterocytesAmino Acids, DiaminoRenal AminoaciduriasOrnithine-Oxo-Acid TransaminaseAmino Acid Transport Systems, BasicOrnithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency DiseaseCarbon IsotopesBiopterinNitritesPhenylbutyratesOrotic AcidAcid-Base EquilibriumMalatesSwitzerlandHyperammonemiaHepatic EncephalopathyAntibodiesArthritis, RheumatoidAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, ViralAntibodies, BacterialSepsisAcute Lung InjuryLung InjuryShock, SepticRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultLung
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AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesGeographicals
CitrullineOrnithineArginineCitrullusOrnithine CarbamoyltransferaseHydrolasesNitrogen IsotopesGlutamineCarbamyl PhosphateNitric Oxide SynthaseCitrullinemiaArgininosuccinate LyaseArginaseProlineAmmoniaArgininosuccinic AcidNitric OxideAmino Acid OxidoreductasesUreaCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsMouth AbnormalitiesAmino AcidsShort Bowel SyndromeGlutamatesMitochondria, LiverEnterocytesAmino Acids, DiaminoRenal AminoaciduriasOrnithine-Oxo-Acid TransaminaseAmino Acid Transport Systems, BasicOrnithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency DiseaseCarbon IsotopesBiopterinNitritesPhenylbutyratesOrotic AcidAcid-Base EquilibriumMalatesSwitzerlandHyperammonemiaHepatic EncephalopathyAntibodiesArthritis, RheumatoidAntibody SpecificityAntibodies, ViralAntibodies, BacterialSepsisAcute Lung InjuryLung InjuryShock, SepticRespiratory Distress Syndrome, AdultLung
SupplementationBeta-AlanineOrnithineSupplementsProteinsSynthesisMetabolismAmino acid citrullineMuscle sorenessWatermelonAmmoniaIncreasesIngredientsUreaGramsPowderAssociated with Citrulline malateEnduranceWorkoutMalicMusclesNonessential amino acidAntibodiesResiduesCitrullinated peptidePure citrullineDoseLeucineCapsulesHomocitrullineAntibody testTaking Arginine itselfFatigueSupplementEnhancesPlaceboBodyIngredientRheumatoid factorServing
Supplementation5
Beta-Alanine2
Ornithine6
Supplements3
Proteins6
Synthesis7
Metabolism2
  • L-Citrulline helps to rid the body of ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism and provides a readily available substrate for arginine production. (shopteamprime.com)
  • Citrulline has been shown in research to play a key role in aerobic and anaerobic pathways of energy metabolism, as well as nitric oxide production, demonstrating its ability to enhance energy, reduce fatigue, and pump muscles up during workouts! (supplementsuperstore.ca)
Amino acid citrulline4
Muscle soreness3
Watermelon1
Ammonia7
Increases5
Ingredients1
Urea2
Grams1
Powder5
Associated with Citrulline malate1
Endurance4
Workout1
Malic1
Muscles4
  • Scientific studies have actually shown that citrulline malate does a better job at increasing arginine levels than an actual arginine supplement, making it the more efficient way to boost energy supplies to the muscles. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
  • Vigorous exercises can help consumers build up the strength in their muscles and bones, as high amounts of Citrulline are released during workouts and when nitric oxide is created. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
  • When you compare this in the context of workouts, the intake of Citrulline helps in supplying your exercising muscles with the required nutrients as well as oxygen that is required for optimum performance. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
  • Another advantage of taking Citrulline is the fact it reduces the soreness of muscles that people usually experience days after their workouts or exercises. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Nonessential amino acid1
  • L-Citrulline is considered a nonessential amino acid, which means it's not necessary to ingest as the body can create it from other sources. (ralphs.com)
Antibodies4
Residues3
  • Expression of citrulline and homocitrulline residues in the lungs of non-smokers and smokers: implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Citrulline and homocitrulline residues in enolase and vimentin were analysed by partial purification by gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry in 12 of the lung samples and one from each control tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
  • There were no citrulline or homocitrulline residues demonstrated in α-enolase. (ox.ac.uk)
Citrullinated peptide1
Pure citrulline2
Dose1
Leucine1
  • Very few studies which proved the benefit of L-Arginine in healthy individuals, also administered other amino acids, specially L-Citrulline, leucine, lysine, etc. to the subjects. (werstupid.com)
Capsules1
Homocitrulline3
Antibody test4
Taking Arginine itself1
Fatigue2
Supplement2
Enhances1
Placebo2
  • One of the research conducted found out that cyclists who took Citrulline lasted 12% longer before getting exhausted in comparison to those who were on placebo. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
  • The participants who took Citrulline were able to perform 53% more of the repetitions in comparison to those who took placebo. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Body11
Ingredient1
Rheumatoid factor1
  • Ultimately, rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed based on a combination of the presentation of the joints involved, characteristic joint swelling and stiffness in the morning, the presence of blood rheumatoid factor (RF test or RA test) and citrulline antibody, as well as findings of rheumatoid nodules and radiographic changes (X-ray testing). (medicinenet.com)
Serving1
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