CitrullineOrnithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.Citrullus: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit.Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase: A urea cycle enzyme that catalyzes the formation of orthophosphate and L-citrulline (CITRULLINE) from CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE and L-ornithine (ORNITHINE). Deficiency of this enzyme may be transmitted as an X-linked trait. EC 2.1.3.3.Hydrolases: Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.Nitrogen Isotopes: Stable nitrogen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element nitrogen, but differ in atomic weight. N-15 is a stable nitrogen isotope.Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Citrullinemia: A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)Argininosuccinate Lyase: An enzyme of the urea cycle which splits argininosuccinate to fumarate plus arginine. Its absence leads to the metabolic disease ARGININOSUCCINIC ACIDURIA in man. EC 4.3.2.1.Arginase: A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.Argininosuccinic Acid: This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinic acid synthetase.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Amino Acid Oxidoreductases: A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.Urea: A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia): An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This enzyme is specific for arginine biosynthesis or the urea cycle. Absence or lack of this enzyme may cause CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE I DEFICIENCY DISEASE. EC 6.3.4.16.Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: A group of membrane transport proteins that transport biogenic amine derivatives of catechol across the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Catecholamine plasma membrane transporter proteins regulate neural transmission as well as catecholamine metabolism and recycling.Mouth Abnormalities: Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the mouth.Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Short Bowel Syndrome: A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Glutamates: Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.Mitochondria, Liver: Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)Enterocytes: Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.Amino Acids, DiaminoRenal Aminoacidurias: A group of inherited kidney disorders characterized by the abnormally elevated levels of AMINO ACIDS in URINE. Genetic mutations of transport proteins result in the defective reabsorption of free amino acids at the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. Renal aminoaciduria are classified by the specific amino acid or acids involved.Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase: A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and an L-amino acid from L-ornithine and a 2-keto-acid. EC 2.6.1.13.Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic: Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting basic amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BASIC).Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease: An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)Carbon Isotopes: Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.Biopterin: A natural product that has been considered as a growth factor for some insects.Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)PhenylbutyratesOrotic AcidAcid-Base Equilibrium: The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.MalatesSwitzerlandHyperammonemia: Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.Hepatic Encephalopathy: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Arthritis, Rheumatoid: A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Sepsis: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.Acute Lung Injury: A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).Lung Injury: Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.Shock, Septic: Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include, but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult: A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
L-Ascorbic acid potentiates nitric oxide synthesis in endothelial cells. (1/917)
Ascorbic acid has been shown to enhance impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with atherosclerosis by a mechanism that is thought to involve protection of nitric oxide (NO) from inactivation by free oxygen radicals. The present study in human endothelial cells from umbilical veins and coronary arteries investigates whether L-ascorbic acid additionally affects cellular NO synthesis. Endothelial cells were incubated for 24 h with 0.1-100 microM ascorbic acid and were subsequently stimulated for 15 min with ionomycin (2 microM) or thrombin (1 unit/ml) in the absence of extracellular ascorbate. Ascorbate pretreatment led to a 3-fold increase of the cellular production of NO measured as the formation of its co-product citrulline and as the accumulation of its effector molecule cGMP. The effect was saturated at 100 microM and followed a similar kinetics as seen for the uptake of ascorbate into the cells. The investigation of the precursor molecule L-gulonolactone and of different ascorbic acid derivatives suggests that the enediol structure of ascorbate is essential for its effect on NO synthesis. Ascorbic acid did not induce the expression of the NO synthase (NOS) protein nor enhance the uptake of the NOS substrate L-arginine into endothelial cells. The ascorbic acid effect was minimal when the citrulline formation was measured in cell lysates from ascorbate-pretreated cells in the presence of known cofactors for NOS activity. However, when the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin was omitted from the assay, a similar potentiating effect of ascorbate pretreatment as seen in intact cells was demonstrated, suggesting that ascorbic acid may either enhance the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin or increase its affinity for the endothelial NOS. Our data suggest that intracellular ascorbic acid enhances NO synthesis in endothelial cells and that this may explain, in part, the beneficial vascular effects of ascorbic acid. (+info)Effect of ornithine and lactate on urea synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. (2/917)
1. In hepatocytes isolated from 24 h-starved rats, urea production from ammonia was stimulated by addition of lactate, in both the presence and the absence of ornithine. The relationship of lactate concentration to the rate of urea synthesis was hyperbolic. 2. Other glucose precursors also stimulated urea production to varying degrees, but none more than lactate. Added oleate and butyrate did not stimulate urea synthesis. 3. Citrulline accumulation was largely dependent on ornithine concentration. As ornithine was increased from 0 to 40 mM, the rate of citrulline accumulation increased hyperbolically, and was half-maximal when ornithine was 8-12 mM. 4. The rate of citrulline accumulation was independent of the presence of lactate, but with pyruvate the rate increased. 5. The rate of urea production continued to increase as ornithine was varied from 0 to 40 mM. 6. It was concluded that intermediates provided by both ornithine and lactate are limiting for urea production from ammonia in isolated liver cells. It was suggested that the stimulatory effect of lactate lies in increased availability of cytosolic aspartate for condensation with citrulline. (+info)Hepatocyte gene therapy in a large animal: a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia. (3/917)
The development of gene-replacement therapy for inborn errors of metabolism has been hindered by the limited number of suitable large-animal models of these diseases and by inadequate methods of assessing the efficacy of treatment. Such methods should provide sensitive detection of expression in vivo and should be unaffected by concurrent pharmacologic and dietary regimens. We present the results of studies in a neonatal bovine model of citrullinemia, an inborn error of urea-cycle metabolism characterized by deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase and consequent life-threatening hyperammonemia. Measurements of the flux of nitrogen from orally administered 15NH4 to [15N]urea were used to determine urea-cycle activity in vivo. In control animals, these isotopic measurements proved to be unaffected by pharmacologic treatments. Systemic administration of a first-generation E1-deleted adenoviral vector expressing human argininosuccinate synthetase resulted in transduction of hepatocytes and partial correction of the enzyme defect. The isotopic method showed significant restoration of urea synthesis. Moreover, the calves showed clinical improvement and normalization of plasma glutamine levels after treatment. The results show the clinical efficacy of treating a large-animal model of an inborn error of hepatocyte metabolism in conjunction with a method for sensitively measuring correction in vivo. These studies will be applicable to human trials of the treatment of this disorder and other related urea-cycle disorders. (+info)Arginine biosynthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: enzymes catalyzing the formation of ornithine and citrulline. (4/917)
Many of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from patients require arginine for growth in a defined medium. As a basis for genetic studies of these Arg- strains, we examined two biosynthetic enzymes of Arg+ (nonrequiring) gonococci. Cell-free extracts contained (i) glutamate acetyltransferase, which catalyzes the formation of L-ornithine from alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine, and (ii) ornithine transcaramylase, which catalyzes the reaction between L-ornithine and carbamyl phosphate, yielding L-citrulline. Arg- strains were unable to utilze alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine for growth lacked significant activity of glutamate acetyltransferase, and activity was gained by Arg+ clones derived by DNA-mediated transformation. Some of the Arg- patient isolates were unable to use either alpha-N-acetyl-L-ornithine or L-ornithine in place of arginine, and two separate steps of genetic transformation were required to yield Arg+ cells. Extracts of these doubly auxotrophic cells lacked glutamate acetyltransferase activity, but, unexpectedly, they displayed normal ornithine transcarbamylase activity. This finding illustrates the importance of identifying the products specified by arg loci during genetic studies of arginine auxotrophy. (+info)Effects of ethanol on intraovarian nitric oxide production in the prepubertal rat. (5/917)
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to ovarian development and function. In non-ovarian tissues NO can be altered by ethanol (ETOH), a drug considered to be a gonadal toxin in men as well as male and female rats. The present study was undertaken to determine if some of the detrimental effects of chronic ETOH exposure on prepubertal ovarian function could be due to ETOH-induced alterations in the intraovarian NO system. Rats were implanted with intragastric cannulae on day 24 and began receiving control or ETOH diets on day 29. All rats were killed on day 34, determined to be in the late juvenile stage of development, and their ovaries and blood were collected. We analyzed the expression of the two constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), i.e. neuronal (n) NOS and endothelial (e) NOS, as well as the inducible (i) form of NOS protein in the ovaries of control and ETOH-treated rats by Western immunoblotting. Results demonstrate that eNOS protein increased markedly (P<0.02; 140 kDa) in ETOH-treated rats compared with controls. ETOH treatment did not alter the protein expression of nNOS (155 kDa) and only slightly increased that of iNOS (130 kDa). We also assessed NOS activity as determined by nitrite accumulation and by the conversion of L-[14C]arginine to L-[14C]citrulline. In this regard, the ETOH-treated animals showed an increase in ovarian nitrite generation (P<0.05), as well as an increase in ovarian citrulline formation (P<0.0001), when compared with control animals. Along with the above described ETOH-induced increases in ovarian eNOS and NO activity, the serum levels of estradiol were concomitantly suppressed (P<0.001) in the ETOH-treated rats. These results demonstrate for the first time the ETOH-induced changes in the prepubertal ovarian NO/NOS system, and suggest that these alterations contribute to the detrimental actions of the drug on prepubertal ovarian development and function. (+info)Cholinergic and GABAergic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in the guinea pig ileum. (6/917)
Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was examined in intact longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations of the guinea pig ileum by determining the formation of [3H]citrulline during incubation with [3H]arginine. Spontaneous [3H]citrulline production after 30 min was 80-90 dpm/mg, which constituted approximately 1% of the tissue radioactivity. Electrical stimulation (10 Hz) led to a threefold increase in [3H]citrulline formation. Removal of calcium from the medium or addition of NG-nitro-L-arginine strongly inhibited both spontaneous and electrically induced production of [3H]citrulline. TTX reduced the electrically induced but not spontaneous [3H]citrulline formation. The electrically induced formation of [3H]citrulline was diminished by (+)-tubocurarine and mecamylamine and enhanced by scopolamine, which suggests that endogenous ACh inhibits, via muscarinic receptors, and stimulates, via nicotinic receptors, the NO synthesis in the myenteric plexus. The GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and GABA also reduced the electrically evoked formation of [3H]citrulline, whereas baclofen was without effect. Bicuculline antagonized the inhibitory effect of GABA. It is concluded that nitrergic myenteric neurons are equipped with GABAA receptors, which mediate inhibition of NO synthesis. (+info)Nitric oxide production is reduced in patients with chronic renal failure. (7/917)
In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), atherosclerosis is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Generally, atherosclerosis has been associated with a reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Experimental studies have indicated the presence of enhanced NO degradation by reactive oxygen species as well as decreased NO production as possible causes for this reduced NO bioavailability. So far, the question whether or not NO production is impaired in patients with CRF has never been investigated. Therefore, we measured whole body NO production in 7 patients with CRF, and in 7 matched healthy subjects. To assess the relative importance of a dysfunction of NO synthase (NOS), we compared the NO production of these patients to that of 2 other groups known to have endothelial dysfunction, ie, 7 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who did not yet have signs of clinical cardiovascular disease (all nonsmokers), and 5 cigarette smokers. These groups were also compared with 7 nonsmoking, age-matched healthy subjects. Whole body NO production, determined as in vivo arginine-to-citrulline conversion, was assessed by giving an intravenous infusion of [15N2]-arginine as a substrate for NOS and measuring isotopic plasma enrichment of [15N]-citrulline by LC-MS. NO production in the CRF patients (0.13+/-0.02 micromol. kg-1. h-1) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in the corresponding control group (0.23+/-0.09 micromol. kg-1. h-1). NO production also tended to be lower in the FH patients (0.16+/-0.04 micromol. kg-1. h-1), but the difference with the corresponding control group did not reach significance (0.22+/-0.06 micromol. kg-1. h-1). In the group of smokers, NO production was similar to that in nonsmokers (0. 22+/-0.09 micromol. kg-1. h-1). In conclusion, it is demonstrated for the first time that basal whole body NO production is reduced in patients with CRF. This finding implies that therapeutic interventions to endothelial dysfunction in these patients should be primarily directed toward improvement of NO production. The finding of only a tendency toward reduction of NO production in patients with FH and the absence of a reduction in cigarette smokers suggests that other mechanisms such as enhanced NO degradation may be involved in the decrease of NO bioavailability in these groups. (+info)Lactate inhibits citrulline and arginine synthesis from proline in pig enterocytes. (8/917)
Hypocitrullinemia and hypoargininemia but hyperprolinemia are associated with elevated plasma concentration of lactate in infants. Because the small intestine may be a major organ for initiating proline catabolism via proline oxidase in the body and is the major source of circulating citrulline and arginine in neonates, we hypothesized that lactate is an inhibitor of intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline. To test this hypothesis, jejunum was obtained from 14-day-old suckling pigs for preparation of enterocyte mitochondria and metabolic studies. Mitochondria were used for measuring proline oxidase activity in the presence of 0-10 mM L-lactate. For metabolic studies, enterocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in Krebs bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 5 mM D-glucose, 2 mM L-glutamine, 2 mM L-[U-14C]proline, and 0, 1, 5, or 10 mM L-lactate. Kinetics analysis revealed noncompetitive inhibition of intestinal proline oxidase by lactate (decreased maximal velocity and unaltered Michaelis constant). Lactate had no effect on either activities of other enzymes for arginine synthesis from proline or proline uptake by enterocytes but decreased the synthesis of ornithine, citrulline, and arginine from proline in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that lactate decreased intestinal synthesis of citrulline and arginine from proline via an inhibition of proline oxidase and provide a biochemical basis for explaining hyperprolinemia, hypocitrullinemia, and hypoargininemia in infants with hyperlactacidemia. (+info)
Renal arginine metabolism in fasted rats with subacute short bowel syndrome | Clinical Science
Defining Normal Citrulline Levels as a Diagnostic Tool for Screening of Gastrointestinal Disease in Premature Infants - Tabular...
Macrophages can convert citrulline into arginine | Biochemical Journal
Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 is required for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced citrullination and arthritis, but not...
Plasma arginine and ornithine are the main citrulline precursors in mice infused with arginine-free diets<...
Iguratimod dose dependently inhibits the expression of citrullinated proteins and peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 in...
Export Data and Price of L Citrulline Malate | www.eximpulse.com
Expression of citrulline and homocitrulline residues in the lungs of non-smokers and smokers: implications for autoimmunity in...
Citrulline Supplementation Combined With Exercise: Effect on Muscle Function in Elderly People (CITEX Study) - Tabular View -...
l arginine l citrulline powder - l arginine l citrulline powder Manufacturer
Preferential decrease of IgG4 anti-citrullinated protein antibodies during treatment with TNF blocking agents in patients with...
OP0019 Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies directly induce bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis | Annals of the Rheumatic...
Citrullinated proteins have increased immunogenicity and arthritogenicity and their presence in arthritic joints correlates...
The Devil in the Details: The Emerging Role of Anticitrulline Autoimmunity in Rheumatoid Arthritis | The Journal of Immunology
Very high levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies are associated with HLA-DRB1*15 non-shared epitope allele in patients...
Citrullinated Fibrinogen monoclonal antibody, clone 3D1 - (MAB5303) - Products - Abnova
Abstract 20419: Citrullination in Actin-Tropomyosin-Myosin Complex: Novel Regulatory Mechanism | Circulation
Autoantibodies from single circulating plasmablasts react with citrullinated antigens and Porphyromonas gingivalis in...
5JLZ | CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HLA-DRB1*04:01 IN COMPLEX WITH MODIFIED ALPHA- ENOLASE PEPTIDE 26-40 WITH CITRULLINE AT THE...
8g/day Citrulline Increase Leg Workout Performance - More Reps on Leg Press, Hack Squat & Leg Ext. in Exp. Gymrats -...
SD Pharmaceuticals Citrulline Malate 2000 | Pump & Vasodilator - Supplement Superstore
Best healthy pre workout - Bestpreworkoutforwomen
Spontaneous secretion of peptidyl-arginine deiminase 2 and cell surface exposure of peptidyl-arginine deiminase 4 by...
Nitric Oxide Synthase | The Chopra Library
Bee Healthy Farms: October 2015
Bee Healthy Farms: Intestinal Linings Protected by Propolis from Radiation
Buy Citrulline Malate Capsules: Increase Arginine Level
Profiling of IgG antibodies targeting unmodified and corresponding citrullinated autoantigens in a multicenter national cohort...
Citrulline Malate Powder: Buy L-Citrulline Malate - VitaminExpress
Citrulline Antibody Test Results & Information on Normal Range
Pure Citrulline Malate 2:1
- Nutratech
Fine specificity of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response is influenced by the shared epitope alleles. - PubMed -...
OPUS 4 | Search
Healthy Ingredients | Sure Wellness Systems
Citrulline Malate Reviews for Lean Muscle Mass Gains & Post-Workout Soreness
ALLMAX Citrulline Malate (150 servings / 300g)
Search Results for Clinical Medicine | De Gruyter
Amino Acids for Super Humans. Part II - Arginine, Citrulline and Ornithine: Nitric Oxide and Beyond - SuppVersity: Nutrition...
Arginine supplement | L arginine vs L citrulline | We R Stupid
Foods rich in l arginine l citrulline - Answers on HealthTap
Bulk Supplements | Citrulline Malate
Proteins & Amino Acids - Citrulline
Kaged Muscle Citrulline - eVitamins Canada
PrimaForce Citrulline Malate Best Price in Canada | Buy with Shopbot.ca
Abstract 16986: A New Cardiac Muscle Post-Translational Modification: Detection of Protein Arginine Deiminases and Protein...
Scitec Nutrition BETA ALANINE+CITRULLINE MALATE Lactic Carnosine booster - Battle Box UK
Methods for the Detection of Peptidylarginine Deiminase (PAD) Activity and Protein Citrullination
"L-citrulline improves splanchnic perfusion and reduces gut injury duri" by Kim Van Wijck, Karolina A. P. Wijnands et al.
Characterization and localization of citrullinated proteoglycan aggrecan in human articular cartilage<...
L-Citrulline May Reverse the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Detoxifies Ammonia - BioFoundations
Featured Publications: Branched-chain amino acids, arginine, citrulline alleviate central fatigue; prevent perceptual-motor...
Citrulline
How Long Should Your Erection Last Can Problems Uti Cause -- Eucomcxxi Impotence
Enzyme deregulation in disease
Plus it
Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis | Science Immunology
PADI4 - Wikipedia
JCI -
Induction of osteoclastogenesis and bone loss by human autoantibodies against citrullinated vimentin
Generation of monoclonal antibodies against peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (pad2) and development of a pad2-specific enzyme...
JCI -
Two rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantigens correlate microbial immunity with autoimmune responses in joints
Associations of antibodies against citrullinated peptides with human leukocyte antigen-shared epitope and smoking prior to the...
1 Bottle Nitric Oxide Complex 3500mg Per Serving L-Arginine HCL AAKG AKG Alpha Ketoglutarate Citrulline Malate 90 Capsules KRK...
Monoclonal IgG antibodies generated from joint-derived B cells of RA patients have a strong bias toward citrullinated...
Fred Meyer - Micropure Unflavored Citrulline Powder, 7 oz
Can L Arginine Cause Kidney Problems Calcium High ~ Portal-Info-Site
Agmatine Sulfate Powder 100 Grams - BeamZen
Intestinal injury can be effectively prevented by in gamma irradiated rats. | Meselhy Ragab
Comment on "Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis" | Science...
English
MusclePharm - VasoSport Nitric Oxide Booster Blue Raspberry 180 Grams - Save 6%
Rabbit polyclonal to ARG1. - MEK Inhibitors Reverse cAMP-Mediated Anxiety
N'RAGE
Citrulline: a potential immunomodulator in sepsis. - Science Exchange
Plus it
Protein that switches cancers from inflammation to proliferation identified. ecancer - News
Source Naturals L-Arginine L-Citrulline Complex - 240 Tablets - eVitamins UK
Allergy Research Group L-Citrulline Powder 100g (3.5 oz.)
L-CITRULLINE POWDER- Pure Product Australia
Intravenous L-citrulline - Asklepion - AdisInsight
arginine or citrulline Archives - Trusted Health Advice
Turinabol 10mg by Radjay Pharma - Steroids blog
July 2017
Fitness Labs - AminoBoost Natural Fruit Punch 480 Grams - Save 25%
InnerPowerâ„¢ w/ Sweet Stevia - Life Enhancement Products
Rep of the Month - CampusProtein.com
CU - CampusProtein.com
Inspired DVST8 Ultra Extreme Performance Pre-Workout Powder, Citrulline, Beta-Alanine, Dynamine Cali Gold 40 Servings
A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to...
Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
Polatuzumab vedotin
Glembatumumab vedotin
Mary Ellen Jones (chemist)
Carbamate kinase
Succinylornithine transaminase
Arginine and proline metabolism
Lysinuric protein intolerance
ATCase/OTCase family
Anti-citrullinated protein antibody
Semisulcospira libertina
Citrulline Antibody Test Results & Information on Normal Range
Kaged Muscle Citrulline - eVitamins Canada
BCAA Citrulline Malate | Powder that Enhances Performance** | Vitamin World
Macrophages can convert citrulline into arginine | Biochemical Journal
Foods rich in l arginine l citrulline - Answers on HealthTap
l arginine l citrulline powder - l arginine l citrulline powder Manufacturer
Citrulline, L- - Drugs.com
L-Citrulline: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning
Citrulline in Severe Sepsis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Citrulline in Severe Sepsis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Primaforce, Citrulline Malate, Unflavored, 200 g - iHerb
New Arginine and Citrulline Combination from Integrative Therapeutics
Fred Meyer - Micropure Unflavored Citrulline Powder, 7 oz
PatientsLikeMe | L-Citrulline report for patients like you
Primaforce Citrulline Malate at Netrition.com.
Irwin Naturals Nitric Oxide Pre-Sport with L-Citrulline, Softgels | Walgreens
EnerFlex Forte 2.0 with Kyowa Quality® L-Citrulline & L-Arginine Helps Promote Healthy Blood Flow *
L-Citrulline shows heart health and sports performance potential
Does citrulline improve exercise performance or recovery? | ConsumerLab.com
Fred Meyer - NOW Foods Sports Arginine & Citrulline Capsules, 120 ct
Citrulline Malate Supplements! Increase NO2 & Decrease Lactic Acid!
SupplementationBeta-AlanineOrnithineSupplementsProteinsSynthesisMetabolismAmino acid citrullineMuscle sorenessWatermelonAmmoniaIncreasesIngredientsUreaGramsPowderAssociated with Citrulline malateEnduranceWorkoutMalicMusclesNonessential amino acidAntibodiesResiduesCitrullinated peptidePure citrullineDoseLeucineCapsulesHomocitrullineAntibody testTaking Arginine itselfFatigueSupplementEnhancesPlaceboBodyIngredientRheumatoid factorServing
Supplementation5
- New scientific studies have shown that the supplementation of 8 grams of Citrulline Malate in comparison to test groups given only placebo, increases performance between 19 and 53 percent. (vitaminexpress.org)
- Many people share these concerns but regular supplementation of L-Arginine/L -Citrulline Complex can help turn this condition around. (biovea.com)
- Supplementation with l-Arginine/ l-Citrulline Complex may allow for increased ammonia elimination in the urea cycle and may relieve muscle fatigue. (biovea.com)
- Citrulline malate supplementation has been shown to reduce post-workout muscle soreness for up to 48 hours in trained athletes, while also reducing the sensation and onset of muscle fatigue. (supplementsuperstore.ca)
- BOOST L-ARGININE LEVELS - Research shows that L Citrulline may be more effective at increasing levels of L-Arginine in the body when compared to direct L Arginine supplementation. (getsmartvitamins.com)
Beta-Alanine2
- I have my own set of food scales and so a few months ago I ordered the following from BPN: Optimum Nutrition Creatine Powder 2000 grams, Now Foods Beta Alanine Powder 500 Grams, Nutrakey Citrulline Malate 200 Grams. (bestpricenutrition.com)
- My recipe was: 5g Creatine, 3g Beta Alanine, and about 6g Citrulline with 200mg of Caffeine, but your requirements may vary (check examine.com for recommended amounts). (bestpricenutrition.com)
Ornithine6
- While supplementing your body with L-Citrulline, it increases ornithine and arginine plasma content. (bestpricenutrition.com)
- Citrulline is an amino acid that is converted to L-arginine in the body during the urea cycle, alongside the other amino acid L-ornithine. (supplementsuperstore.ca)
- There was a greater utilization of plasma ornithine for the synthesis of citrulline (49 ± 4 vs. 36 ± 3 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 , 30 ± 3% vs. 24 ± 2% of citrulline entry rate) in the mice fed the Arg(-) diet than the Arg(+) diet. (utmb.edu)
- The utilization of plasma arginine did not differ between the 2 diet groups for citrulline synthesis, either through plasma ornithine (∼29 ± 3 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ) or at the site of citrulline synthesis (∼12 ± 3 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ). (utmb.edu)
- The contribution of dietary proline to the synthesis of citrulline was mainly at the site of citrulline production (17 ± 1 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ), rather than through plasma ornithine (5 ± 0.4 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ). (utmb.edu)
- Plasma arginine and ornithine are able to support citrulline synthesis during arginine-free feeding. (utmb.edu)
Supplements3
- Sportsfuel offers pre-workout supplements and standalone citrulline malate supplements to meet your needs. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- In addition to it benefits for strength, allowing you to perform more reps, and combating soreness, Citrulline Malate supplements increases the rate of phosphocreatine restoration post-workout. (nutratech.co.nz)
- However you can also consume Citrulline from additional supplements which will help in increasing the levels of Citrulline in your body which is beneficial in increasing the performance during workouts and exercises. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Proteins6
- Research suggests that in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis , proteins may be changed to citrulline as part of the process that leads to inflammation of the rheumatoid joint. (medicinenet.com)
- L-Citrulline is involved in the formation of urea in the liver which plays an important part in the removal of waste created by the digestion, absorption and metabolism of proteins. (shopteamprime.com)
- L-citrulline might help increase the supply of ingredients the body needs to making certain proteins. (biovea.com)
- Note that citrullination of proteins is distinct from the formation of the free amino acid citrulline as part of the urea cycle or as a byproduct of enzymes of the nitric oxide synthase family. (bionity.com)
- The conversion of arginine into citrulline can have important consequences for the structure and function of proteins, since arginine is positively charged at a neutral pH, whereas citrulline is uncharged. (bionity.com)
- Proteins that normally contain citrulline residues include MBP , fillagrin and several histone proteins, while other proteins, like fibrin and vimentin can get citrullinated during cell-death and tissue inflammation. (bionity.com)
Synthesis7
- During the past decade research on L-Citrulline has shown it play an important role in nitric oxide production, vascular health, muscle protein synthesis, ammonia elimination and immune function. (shopteamprime.com)
- L-Citrulline Malate increases ATP synthesis during workout by about 30 percent, but also creatine phosphate regeneration due to high training loads. (vitaminexpress.org)
- l-Arginine/l-Citrulline Complex is a powerful combination which supports metabolism, protein synthesis, and liver detoxification. (biovea.com)
- Dietary arginine is the main dietary precursor for citrulline synthesis, but it is not known if other precursors can compensate when arginine is absent in the diet. (utmb.edu)
- Dietary glutamine was utilized only at the site of citrulline synthesis (4 ± 0.2 μmol·kg -1 ·h -1 ). (utmb.edu)
- Dietary glutamine and proline made a greater contribution to the synthesis of citrulline in mice fed the Arg(-) diet but remained minor sources for citrulline production. (utmb.edu)
- BOOST NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS - L-Citrulline supports the synthesis of Nitric Oxide which may help enhance blood flow, circulation, and the "pump" experienced when lifting weights. (getsmartvitamins.com)
Metabolism2
- L-Citrulline helps to rid the body of ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism and provides a readily available substrate for arginine production. (shopteamprime.com)
- Citrulline has been shown in research to play a key role in aerobic and anaerobic pathways of energy metabolism, as well as nitric oxide production, demonstrating its ability to enhance energy, reduce fatigue, and pump muscles up during workouts! (supplementsuperstore.ca)
Amino acid citrulline4
- Citrulline antibody is an immune protein (antibody) that binds to a nonstandard amino acid (citrulline) that is formed by removing amino groups from the natural amino acid, arginine. (medicinenet.com)
- Citrulline Malate is a unique combination of the amino acid citrulline and the organic salt malate. (myprotein.com)
- Citrullination or deimination is the term used for the post-translational modification of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline . (bionity.com)
- Citrullination is the post-translational conversion of an arginine residue within a protein to the non-coded amino acid citrulline. (diagenode.com)
Muscle soreness3
- The Citrulline Malate reduces muscle fatigue and muscle soreness, and boosts your nitric oxide levels allowing you to train heavy for longer. (bestpricenutrition.com)
- In another study done on trained weightlifters, citrulline malate increased reps per set, delayed fatigue, and decreased muscle soreness. (nutratech.co.nz)
- Citrulline Malate accelerates the breakdown of ammonia and thus delays the hyperacidity of the muscle, which leads to muscle soreness. (vitaminexpress.org)
Watermelon1
- Citrulline is found in watermelon rinds. (ralphs.com)
Ammonia7
- In addition, research shows that increased levels of citrulline malate help to speed up the removal of excess nitrogen in the form of ammonia. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- Using citrulline malate prior to a workout can keep ammonia levels to a minimum, so that you're less at risk for feeling sore and achy the day after your workout. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- The ability for Citrulline Malate to promote exercise endurance and blunt the sensation of fatigue comes through its ability to effectively enhance the removal of ammonia and lactic acid from the blood. (bulksupplements.co.za)
- L-Citrulline is also relieves muscle fatigue through ammonia elimination. (shopteamprime.com)
- L-Citrulline helps the body rid itself of ammonia, a by-product of exercise. (biovea.com)
- Both L-Citrulline and L-Arginine are key intermediates in the detoxification of ammonia in the liver. (biovea.com)
- Citrulline plays a role in ATP production, increasing energy demands when required while also buffering buildup of ammonia in the muscle, reducing exercise fatigue and increasing workout endurance. (supplementsuperstore.ca)
Increases5
- Many of the benefits of citrulline malate are due to the fact that it increases arginine in the body, leaving some fitness enthusiasts wondering why they can't simply take an arginine supplement. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- Citrulline malate increases nitric oxide (NO) production in your body, which causes the dilation of blood vessels, allowing more nutrients to be shuttled into your muscles. (bulksupplements.co.za)
- Citrulline Malate increases the levels of Arginine in the human body thus allowing the body to produce more Nitric Oxide as more Arginine is available. (bulksupplements.co.za)
- Increases in strength are common when taking citrulline malate, one study showed a 23% increase in force output. (nutratech.co.nz)
- One of the impact that Citrulline has on the body is it increases the flow of blood to the tissues of the body. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Ingredients1
- Some of the most popular and effective pre workout ingredients include Creatine, Caffeine, Beta-Alinine, Citrulline, Sodium Bicarbonate, BCAAs and Nitrate amongst others. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Urea2
- L-Citrulline is involved in the formation of urea in the liver. (ralphs.com)
- L-Citrulline is involved in the urea cycle, one of the most important metabolic cycles in our body. (vitaminexpress.org)
Grams1
- 3 grams Citrulline Malate twice per day on an empty stomach. (vitaminexpress.org)
Powder5
- This Citrulline Malate powder can support energy production to help you push your workout further than ever. (vitaminworld.com)
- Rated 5 out of 5 by GymAdict from Extraordinary Product BCAA+ Citrulline Malate Powder has been part of my nutrition for the last 2 years. (vitaminworld.com)
- and BCAA+Citrulline Malate Powder has me performing as when I was in my 30s. (vitaminworld.com)
- Our particular citrulline malate powder is one of the best quality offerings on the market, having been tried and tested repeatedly against products from other suppliers. (bulksupplements.co.za)
- Years ago the brand launched it in flavored powder, and last we knew it combined four different types of agmatine with pure citrulline and HydroMax branded glycerol. (stack3d.com)
Associated with Citrulline malate1
- Healthy blood flow associated with Citrulline malate can also aid post-workout recovery times. (nutratech.co.nz)
Endurance4
- L-Citrulline has been shown to reduce fatigue and improve endurance for both aerobic and anaerobic prolonged exercise. (bestpricenutrition.com)
- Muscleblaze Citrulline Malate contains citrulline malate, which is a non-essential amino acid that helps you to get the muscles to pump up while building your endurance. (tabletshablet.com)
- Citrulline Malate is used in many sports, but preferably in weight training and endurance sports. (vitaminexpress.org)
- REDUCE FATIGUE - Some research suggests L Citrulline may reduce fatigue and improve endurance for aerobic and anaerobic exercise. (getsmartvitamins.com)
Workout1
- It turned out that Citrulline Malate is increasing the performance and improving the effectiveness of the workout. (vitaminexpress.org)
Malic1
- The amino acid L-citrulline is bound to malic acid, which is achieved by esterification of these two compounds. (vitaminexpress.org)
Muscles4
- Scientific studies have actually shown that citrulline malate does a better job at increasing arginine levels than an actual arginine supplement, making it the more efficient way to boost energy supplies to the muscles. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- Vigorous exercises can help consumers build up the strength in their muscles and bones, as high amounts of Citrulline are released during workouts and when nitric oxide is created. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
- When you compare this in the context of workouts, the intake of Citrulline helps in supplying your exercising muscles with the required nutrients as well as oxygen that is required for optimum performance. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
- Another advantage of taking Citrulline is the fact it reduces the soreness of muscles that people usually experience days after their workouts or exercises. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Nonessential amino acid1
- L-Citrulline is considered a nonessential amino acid, which means it's not necessary to ingest as the body can create it from other sources. (ralphs.com)
Antibodies4
- Citrulline antibodies are measured with a blood (serum) test that is analyzed in laboratories. (medicinenet.com)
- A test for citrulline antibodies is most helpful in looking for the cause of previously undiagnosed inflammatory arthritis when the substance detected by the traditional blood test for rheumatoid arthritis , rheumatoid factor , is not present. (medicinenet.com)
- Citrulline antibodies have been felt to represent the earlier stages of rheumatoid arthritis in this setting and may be positive when the rheumatoid factor (RF) test is negative. (medicinenet.com)
- Research has found that the presence of citrulline antibodies has also been associated with a greater tendency toward more destructive forms of rheumatoid arthritis. (medicinenet.com)
Residues3
- Expression of citrulline and homocitrulline residues in the lungs of non-smokers and smokers: implications for autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Citrulline and homocitrulline residues in enolase and vimentin were analysed by partial purification by gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry in 12 of the lung samples and one from each control tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
- There were no citrulline or homocitrulline residues demonstrated in α-enolase. (ox.ac.uk)
Citrullinated peptide1
- The test is also known as anti-citrulline antibody, cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCPA), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, and anti-CCP. (medicinenet.com)
Pure citrulline2
- Our Pure Citrulline Malate is completely filler-free giving you pure Citrulline Malate in a 2:1 ratio. (nutratech.co.nz)
- SD Pharmaceuticals' CITRULLINE MALATE 2000 is formulated with a scientifically validated dose of pure citrulline malate. (supplementsuperstore.ca)
Dose1
- When you get an extra dose of citrulline malate due to the use of a supplement, a number of processes occur. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
Leucine1
- Very few studies which proved the benefit of L-Arginine in healthy individuals, also administered other amino acids, specially L-Citrulline, leucine, lysine, etc. to the subjects. (werstupid.com)
Capsules1
- You are looking at 100 capsules of Citrulline Malate with 500mg per capsule. (absorbyourhealth.com)
Homocitrulline3
- The aim of the study was to describe automated immunoassays for autoantibodies to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen in various disease categories in an early arthritis series. (degruyter.com)
- Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline and citrulline containing C-telopeptides of type I (HTELO-I, TELO-I) and type II collagens (HTELO-II, TELO-II) were analyzed. (degruyter.com)
- Autoantibodies binding to homocitrulline or citrulline containing telopeptides of type I and II collagen did not differ significantly. (degruyter.com)
Antibody test4
- The citrulline antibody test then can be used by doctors to encourage them to proceed with the optimal treatments directed toward rheumatoid arthritis. (medicinenet.com)
- What is the normal range for the citrulline antibody test? (medicinenet.com)
- How are results of the citrulline antibody test reported? (medicinenet.com)
- What specialists order a citrulline antibody test? (medicinenet.com)
Taking Arginine itself1
- Some studies have even shown that Citrulline raises Arginine plasma levels more effectively than taking Arginine itself! (bulksupplements.co.za)
Fatigue2
- Because citrulline malate can help to reduce fatigue and boost energy, using a supplement that contains the amino acid prior to hitting the gym can help you complete more reps without compromising your form. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- In a study done it was shown that the users who supplemented with Citrulline Malate had a significant decrease in the sensation of fatigue. (bulksupplements.co.za)
Supplement2
- The main and only ingredient, L-Citrulline Malate, is an amino acid used as a sports performance and cardiovascular health supplement. (bestpricenutrition.com)
- L-Arginine and L-Citrulline are two amino acids bundled into a single powerful supplement. (biovea.com)
Enhances1
- Citrulline malate enhances the perpetual muscle pump due to it being a precursor to arginine. (nutratech.co.nz)
Placebo2
- One of the research conducted found out that cyclists who took Citrulline lasted 12% longer before getting exhausted in comparison to those who were on placebo. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
- The participants who took Citrulline were able to perform 53% more of the repetitions in comparison to those who took placebo. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Body11
- Citrulline malate is an amino acid produced when your body gets rid of excess nitrogen. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- Studies have shown that taking citrulline malate may make the body more resistant to respiratory infections and other illnesses. (sportsfuel.co.nz)
- Citrulline acids are needed for the body to build muscle tissue, which can help consumers become stronger and healthier. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
- Citrullines are often created when the body consumes large amounts of L-arginine and nitric oxide. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
- Citrullines can also increase blood flow, and allows blood to travel freely through the body. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
- L-arginine , Citrullines, and nitric oxide are all chemicals the body needs to grow and develop. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
- L-arginine, Citrullines, and nitric oxide are essential to successful weight-loss, as well as keeping the body fit and healthy. (nitricoxidecenter.com)
- L-Citrulline is converted to L-Arginine in the body to support L-Arginine and nitric oxide levels. (shopteamprime.com)
- Supplementing with citrulline is a more effective way to raise arginine levels and enhance nitric oxide (NO) production in the body, rather than supplementing with arginine. (supplementsuperstore.ca)
- The Citrulline is basically the amino acid which is produced naturally within the human body. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
- Another study found out that the Citrulline has positive impact on the upper body for training purposes. (bestpreworkoutforwomen.net)
Ingredient1
- There are not many products with only one ingredient that have proven their value on so many levels as Citrulline Malate. (xxlnutrition.com)
Rheumatoid factor1
- Ultimately, rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed based on a combination of the presentation of the joints involved, characteristic joint swelling and stiffness in the morning, the presence of blood rheumatoid factor (RF test or RA test) and citrulline antibody, as well as findings of rheumatoid nodules and radiographic changes (X-ray testing). (medicinenet.com)
Serving1
- Supplies 750 mg of l-citrulline per one-capsule serving. (ralphs.com)