Citrate (si)-Synthase
Citric Acid
Potassium Citrate
Oxo-Acid-Lyases
Glycogen Synthase
Thymidylate Synthase
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
Calcium Citrate
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Clomiphene
Malate Synthase
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Tryptophan Synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-serine and 1-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate to L-tryptophan and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein that also catalyzes the conversion of serine and indole into tryptophan and water and of indoleglycerol phosphate into indole and glyceraldehyde phosphate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.1.20.
Glutamate Synthase
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase
Tricarboxylic Acids
Enzyme Inhibitors
Thromboxane-A Synthase
Silicon
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
Amino Acid Sequence
Oxaloacetates
Glucosyltransferases
Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases
Starch Synthase
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Fatty Acid Synthases
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Acetolactate Synthase
Spermidine Synthase
Gallium Radioisotopes
Base Sequence
Aconitate Hydratase
3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase
Spermine Synthase
Riboflavin Synthase
Aluminum
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Cloning, Molecular
Anthranilate Synthase
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Oxaloacetic Acid
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.
5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase
An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes condensation of the succinyl group from succinyl coenzyme A with glycine to form delta-aminolevulinate. It is a pyridoxyal phosphate protein and the reaction occurs in mitochondria as the first step of the heme biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme is a key regulatory enzyme in heme biosynthesis. In liver feedback is inhibited by heme. EC 2.3.1.37.
Lyases
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Ketoglutaric Acids
Proton-Translocating ATPases
Aldosterone Synthase
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 18-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-specific flavoprotein. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11B2 gene, is important in the conversion of CORTICOSTERONE to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and the subsequent conversion to ALDOSTERONE.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Cysteine Synthase
Enzyme Induction
ATP Synthetase Complexes
Cells, Cultured
Mutation
Multienzyme Complexes
Glucose
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Acetates
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Geranyltranstransferase
Malate Dehydrogenase
Substrate Specificity
Transferases
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.
Dihydropteroate Synthase
Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase
Liver
Rats, Wistar
Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)
Enzyme Activation
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Endothelium, Vascular
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Acyltransferases
Isoenzymes
Nitrates
Polyketide Synthases
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
2-Isopropylmalate Synthase
Iron
Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase
The first committed enzyme of the biosynthesis pathway that leads to the production of STEROLS. it catalyzes the synthesis of SQUALENE from farnesyl pyrophosphate via the intermediate PRESQUALENE PYROPHOSPHATE. This enzyme is also a critical branch point enzyme in the biosynthesis of ISOPRENOIDS that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway.
Nitroarginine
Binding Sites
Blotting, Western
Purines
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase
Catalysis
Adenosine Triphosphate
Carboxylic Acids
Phosphorylation
Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex
Phosphofructokinase-1
An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. D-tagatose- 6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate also are acceptors. UTP, CTP, and ITP also are donors. In human phosphofructokinase-1, three types of subunits have been identified. They are PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, LIVER TYPE; and PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, TYPE C; found in platelets, brain, and other tissues.
Hydro-Lyases
Gallium
Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters
Intramolecular Transferases
Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate Geranylgeranyltransferase
DNA Primers
Ranitidine
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Models, Molecular
Carboxy-Lyases
Muscle, Skeletal
Biological Transport
Nitric Oxide Donors
A diverse group of agents, with unique chemical structures and biochemical requirements, which generate NITRIC OXIDE. These compounds have been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic congestive heart failure, and surgical control of blood pressure. (Adv Pharmacol 1995;34:361-81)
Plant Proteins
Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases
Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase
An enzyme that catalyzes the tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PORPHOBILINOGEN into the hydroxymethylbilane preuroporphyrinogen (UROPORPHYRINOGENS) in several discrete steps. It is the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. In humans, deficiency in this enzyme encoded by HMBS (or PBGD) gene results in a form of neurological porphyria (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.3.1.8
Porphobilinogen Synthase
Protein Binding
Cattle
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Glutamates
Ligases
Carrier Proteins
Leuconostoc
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Gene Expression
Vasodilation
Pyruvic Acid
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Intramolecular Lyases
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Crystallography, X-Ray
3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase
Rabbits
Oxygen Consumption
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Acyl Coenzyme A
Myocardium
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Fatty Acids
Transcription, Genetic
Carbon-Carbon Lyases
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Plasmids
Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants
Plant Roots
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
NADPH Dehydrogenase
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Magnesium
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
DNA, Complementary
Immunohistochemistry
Genetic Complementation Test
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Carbon Isotopes
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose
A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.
Membrane Proteins
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Cyclooxygenase 2
Acyl Carrier Protein
Succinates
Molecular Structure
CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Disease Models, Animal
Glutamine
Guanidines
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Temperature
Kidney Calculi
2-methylcitrate synthase
... of the stereoisomeric configurations of methylcitric acid produced by si-citrate synthase and methylcitrate synthase using ... In enzymology, a 2-methylcitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction propanoyl-CoA + H2O + ... Uchiyama H; Tabuchi T (1976). "Properties of methylcitrate synthase from Candida lipolytica". Agric. Biol. Chem. 40 (7): 1411- ... methylcitrate synthase, and methylcitrate synthetase. This enzyme participates in propanoate metabolism. ...
Citrate synthase
citrate (Si)-synthase activity. • RNA binding. Cellular component. • mitochondrial matrix. • extracellular exosome. • ... Citrate inhibits the reaction and is an example of product inhibition. The inhibition of citrate synthase by acetyl-CoA ... Citrate synthase has three key amino acids in its active site (known as the catalytic triad) which catalyze the conversion of ... Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of ...
Capric acid
Simon; Heales, Simon J. R. (May 2014). "The ketogenic diet component decanoic acid increases mitochondrial citrate synthase and ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... citrate (Si)-synthase MeSH D08.811.913.050.387 - diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.425 - glycerol-3- ... riboflavin synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.825 - spermidine synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.912 - spermine synthase MeSH D08.811. ... nitric oxide synthase type i MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.500 - nitric oxide synthase type ii MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.750 ... glycogen synthase kinases MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500 - glycogen synthase kinase 3 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682. ...
List of EC numbers (EC 2)
... citrate (Si)-synthase EC 2.3.3.2: decylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.3: citrate (Re)-synthase EC 2.3.3.4: decylhomocitrate synthase ... 2-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.7: 3-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.8: ATP citrate synthase EC 2.3.3.9: malate synthase EC 2.3. ... synthase EC 2.4.1.12: cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) EC 2.4.1.13: sucrose synthase EC 2.4.1.14: sucrose-phosphate synthase EC ... squalene synthase EC 2.5.1.22: spermine synthase EC 2.5.1.23: sym-norspermidine synthase EC 2.5.1.24: discadenine synthase EC ...
Lipogenesis
ACC is also activated by citrate. When there is abundant acetyl-CoA in the cell cytoplasm for fat synthesis, it proceeds at an ... Many of the enzymes for the fatty acid synthesis are organized into a multienzyme complex called fatty acid synthase. The major ... Hoffman, Simon; Alvares, Danielle; Adeli, Khosrow (2019). "Intestinal lipogenesis: how carbs turn on triglyceride production in ... Yin, D.; Clarke, S. D.; Peters, J. L.; Etherton, T. D. (1998-05-01). "Somatotropin-dependent decrease in fatty acid synthase ...
Steven M. Smith
Pracharoenwattana, Itsara; Cornah, Johanna E.; Smith, Steven M. (1 July 2005). "Arabidopsis Peroxisomal Citrate Synthase Is ... SI: Cell signalling and gene regulation. 21: 23-29. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2014.06.003. PMID 24996032. Scaffidi, Adrian; Waters, ... Graham, Ian A.; Smith, Laura M.; Brown, John W. S.; Leaver, Christopher J.; Smith, Steven M. (1989). "The malate synthase gene ... Graham, Ian Alexander (1989). Structure and function of the cucumber malate synthase gene and expression during plant ...
Gastroparesis
Sildenafil citrate, which increases blood flow to the genital area in men, is being used by some practitioners to stimulate the ... In: Simpson, Kathleen Rice, Creehan, Patricia A. eds. AWHONN's Perinatal Nursing. 4th Edition. 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia ... Pathogenesis of symptoms in diabetic gastroparesis include: Loss of gastric neurons containing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is ...
Citrat (Si)-sintaza
Gottschalk, G. (1969). "Partial purification and some properties of the (R)-citrate synthase from Clostridium acidi-urici". Eur ... Russell, R.J., Ferguson, J.M., Hough, D.W., Danson, M.J. and Taylor, G.L. (1997). "The crystal structure of citrate synthase ... Muir, J.M., Russell, R.J., Hough, D.W. and Danson, M.J. (1995). "Citrate synthase from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon, ... Citrat (Si)-sintaza (EC 2.3.3.1, (R)-limunska sintaza, citrat kondenzujući enzim, citrat oksaloacetatna lijaza ((pro-3S)-CH2COO ...
Iron response element
Amar J. Majmundar; Waihay J. Wong & M. Celeste Simon (October 2010). "Hypoxia-inducible factors and the response to hypoxic ... ACO2 encodes an isomerase catalysing the reversible isomerisation of citrate and isocitrate. EPAS1 encodes a transcription ... "Identification of a novel iron-responsive element in murine and human erythroid delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase mRNA". The ...
Isoleucine
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy ... Fontana L, Cummings NE, Arriola Apelo SI, Neuman JC, Kasza I, Schmidt BA, et al. (July 2016). "Decreased Consumption of ... cannot be converted to carbohydrate but can be either fed into the TCA cycle by condensing with oxaloacetate to form citrate or ...
Creatine kinase
Citrate synthase. *Aconitase. *Isocitrate dehydrogenase. *Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. *Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase ... Johnsen SH, Lilleng H, Wilsgaard T, Bekkelund SI (January 2011). "Creatine kinase activity and blood pressure in a normal ...
Morpheein
Tong, E. K.; Duckworth, Harry W. (1975). "Quaternary structure of citrate synthase from Escherichia coli K 12". Biochemistry. ... Guiot, E.; Carayon, K; Delelis, O; Simon, F; Tauc, P; Zubin, E; Gottikh, M; Mouscadet, JF; et al. (2006). "Relationship between ... An example of such a conformational disease is ALAD porphyria, which results from a mutation of porphobilinogen synthase that ... The one protein that is established to function as a morpheein is porphobilinogen synthase, though there are suggestions ...
VDAC3
Citrate synthase activity was unchanged, suggesting an absence of mitochondrial proliferation that commonly occurs in response ... Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C, Arlt D, Hahne F, Bechtel S, Simpson J, Hofmann O, Hide W, Glatting KH, Huber W, ...
HADHB
Citrate (Re)-synthase. *Decylhomocitrate synthase. *2-methylcitrate synthase. *2-ethylmalate synthase. *3-ethylmalate synthase ... Sonta, SI; Sandberg, AA (1977). "Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia: XXVIII. Value of detailed chromosome ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Citrate - the ion that gives its name to the cycle - is a feedback inhibitor of citrate synthase and also inhibits PFK, ... Hyman, Anthony A.; Krishnan, Yamuna; Alberti, Simon; Wang, Jie; Saha, Shambaditya; Malinovska, Liliana; Patel, Avinash (2017-05 ... ATP synthase then ensues exactly as in oxidative phosphorylation. Some of the ATP produced in the chloroplasts is consumed in ... which can be oxidized via the electron transport chain and result in the generation of additional ATP by ATP synthase. The ...
FGF21
... citrate synthase activity, and induction of key metabolic genes. The effects of FGF21 on mitochondrial function require serine/ ... Fontana L, Cummings NE, Arriola Apelo SI, Neuman JC, Kasza I, Schmidt BA, Cava E, Spelta F, Tosti V, Syed FA, Baar EL, Veronese ... Cummings NE, Williams EM, Kasza I, Konon EN, Schaid MD, Schmidt BA, Poudel C, Sherman DS, Yu D, Arriola Apelo SI, Cottrell SE, ... FGF21 is specifically induced by mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) activity. The oxidized form ...
Phosphofructokinase 2
Stone WS, Faraone SV, Su J, Tarbox SI, Van Eerdewegh P, Tsuang MT (May 2004). "Evidence for linkage between regulatory enzymes ... On the other hand, a high concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP) and citrate signifies that there is a high level of ... and beta-subunits of ATP synthase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold". The ...
SDHB
Citrate synthase. *Aconitase. *Isocitrate dehydrogenase. *Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. *Succinyl CoA synthetase. *Succinate ... Selak MA, Armour SM, MacKenzie ED, Boulahbel H, Watson DG, Mansfield KD, Pan Y, Simon MC, Thompson CB, Gottlieb E (January 2005 ...
Aspirin
Somasundaram S, Sigthorsson G, Simpson RJ, Watts J, Jacob M, Tavares IA, et al. (May 2000). "Uncoupling of intestinal ... Aspirin decomposes rapidly in solutions of ammonium acetate or the acetates, carbonates, citrates, or hydroxides of the alkali ... Aspirin-modified PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) produces lipoxins, most of which are anti-inflammatory.[ ... role of inducible nitric oxide synthase". Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 57 Suppl 5 (5): 125-36. PMID 17218764. Hayreh ...
Branched-chain amino acid
Fontana L, Cummings NE, Arriola Apelo SI, Neuman JC, Kasza I, Schmidt BA, Cava E, Spelta F, Tosti V, Syed FA, Baar EL, Veronese ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase is the first enzyme for the parallel pathway performing condensation reaction in both steps - ... Cummings NE, Williams EM, Kasza I, Konon EN, Schaid MD, Schmidt BA, Poudel C, Sherman DS, Yu D, Arriola Apelo SI, Cottrell SE, ... acetohydroxyacid synthase, ketoacid reductoisomerase, dihydroxyacid dehygrogenase and aminotransferase.[3] Threonine ...
Respiratory complex I
Citrate synthase. *Aconitase. *Isocitrate dehydrogenase. *Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. *Succinyl CoA synthetase. *Succinate ... NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Re/Si-specific). 1.6.2: Heme. *Methemoglobin reductase. *NADPH-hemoprotein reductase/Cytochrome P450 ...
ഓക്സിഡേറ്റീവ് ഫോസ്ഫോറിലേഷൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Rattan SI (2006). "Theories of biological aging: genes, proteins, and free radicals" (PDF). Free Radic. Res. 40 (12): 1230-8. ... Yoshida M, Muneyuki E, Hisabori T (2001). "ATP synthase--a marvellous rotary engine of the cell". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2 ( ... Citrate synthase. *Aconitase. *Isocitrate dehydrogenase. *Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. *Succinyl CoA synthetase. *Succinate ... Capaldi RA, Aggeler R (2002). "Mechanism of the F(1)F(0)-type ATP synthase, a biological rotary motor". Trends Biochem. Sci. 27 ...
Aspirin
... decomposes rapidly in solutions of ammonium acetate or the acetates, carbonates, citrates, or hydroxides of the alkali ... Somasundaram S, Sigthorsson G, Simpson RJ, Watts J, Jacob M, Tavares IA, et al. (May 2000). "Uncoupling of intestinal ... role of inducible nitric oxide synthase". Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 57 Suppl 5 (5): 125-36. PMID 17218764.. ... officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, PTGS) enzyme required for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. ...
Clopidogrel
Simon T, Verstuyft C, Mary-Krause M, Quteineh L, Drouet E, Méneveau N, Steg PG, Ferrières J, Danchin N, Becquemont L, French ... Thromboxane synthase inhibitors *Dipyridamole (+ aspirin). *Picotamide. *Terbogrel. *Receptor antagonists *Terbogrel. * ...
Ocular albinism
G→pyruvate→citrate. Glycine. *D-Glyceric acidemia. *Glutathione synthetase deficiency. *Sarcosinemia. *Glycine→Creatine: GAMT ... 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency. *Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Tyrosinemia. *Alkaptonuria/Ochronosis. *Type I ...
Citrate (si)-Synthase | Profiles RNS
... si)-Synthase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Citrate (si)-Synthase" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Citrate (si)-Synthase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Citrate (si)-Synthase" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Citrate (si)-Synthase". ...
Citrate synthase - Wikipedia
citrate (Si)-synthase activity. • RNA binding. Cellular component. • mitochondrial matrix. • extracellular exosome. • ... Citrate inhibits the reaction and is an example of product inhibition. The inhibition of citrate synthase by acetyl-CoA ... Citrate synthase has three key amino acids in its active site (known as the catalytic triad) which catalyze the conversion of ... Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of ...
Author: 'Larsen, Steen' / Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta / Subject: citrate (si)-synthase - PubAg Search Results
gltA - Citrate synthase - Thermosulfidibacter takaii (strain DSM 17441 / JCM 13301 / NBRC 103674 / ABI70S6) - gltA gene &...
Catalyzes both citrate generation and citrate cleavage. Part of a reversible tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle that can fix carbon ... Citrate (Si)-synthase. Anaerolineae bacterium. 433. UniRef50_A0A0S3QTD0. Type I citrate synthase. Bacteroidetes bacterium CG2_ ... IPR016143 Citrate_synth-like_sm_a-sub. IPR002020 Citrate_synthase. IPR019810 Citrate_synthase_AS. IPR036969 Citrate_synthase_sf ... IPR016143 Citrate_synth-like_sm_a-sub. IPR002020 Citrate_synthase. IPR019810 Citrate_synthase_AS. IPR036969 Citrate_synthase_sf ...
CS - Citrate synthase, mitochondrial precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - CS gene & protein
... citrate (Si)-synthase activity, RNA binding, carbohydrate metabolic process, tricarboxylic acid cycle ... IPR002020 Citrate_synthase. IPR019810 Citrate_synthase_AS. IPR010109 Citrate_synthase_euk. IPR036969 Citrate_synthase_sf. ... IPR002020 Citrate_synthase. IPR019810 Citrate_synthase_AS. IPR010109 Citrate_synthase_euk. IPR036969 Citrate_synthase_sf. ... citrate (Si)-synthase activity Source: UniProtKB ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the ...
Chronic cold acclimation increases thermogenic capacity, non-shivering thermogenesis and muscle citrate synthase activity in...
Citrate (si)-Synthase * Norepinephrine Grant support * R15 DK085497/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ... BAT citrate synthase activity was lower in transgenic animals regardless of acclimation temperature and BAT citrate synthase ... Muscle citrate synthase activity was increased in both genotypes. As defects in muscle oxidative function have been observed ... Chronic cold acclimation increases thermogenic capacity, non-shivering thermogenesis and muscle citrate synthase activity in ...
Morphology, enzyme activities and buffer capacity in leg muscles of Kenyan and Scandinavian runners
New Saccharomyces Sequences 07/04/01
... citrate (si)-synthase, peroxisomal; tP(AGG)CR - systematic name; tN(GTT)CR - systematic name; SAT4; RVS161; ADY2; ADP1; ATP- ... acetolactate synthase, regulatory subunit; STP22; CWH36; SNR43; PGS1; phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase; RER1; CDC10; cell ... threonine synthase (o-p-homoserine p-lyase); CTR86; PWP2; periodic tryptophan protein; YIH1; tS(CGA)CR - systematic name; BUD31 ...
KEGG PATHWAY: glo00630
Brain glycogen supercompensation following exhaustive exercise.
Mitochondrial metabolism during daily torpor in the dwarf Siberian hamster: role of active regulated changes and passive...
Controlling Citrate Synthase Expression by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing for n-Butanol Production in Escherichia coli<...
E. coli strains with decreased citrate synthase expression produced more butanol and the citrate synthase activity was ... E. coli strains with decreased citrate synthase expression produced more butanol and the citrate synthase activity was ... E. coli strains with decreased citrate synthase expression produced more butanol and the citrate synthase activity was ... E. coli strains with decreased citrate synthase expression produced more butanol and the citrate synthase activity was ...
EC 2.3.3
... 1 citrate (Si)-synthase. EC 2.3.3.2 decylcitrate synthase. EC 2.3.3.3 citrate (Re)-synthase. EC 2.3.3.4 ... EC 2.3.3.6 2-ethylmalate synthase. EC 2.3.3.7 3-ethylmalate synthase. EC 2.3.3.8 ATP citrate synthase. EC 2.3.3.9 malate ... EC 2.3.3.14 homocitrate synthase. EC 2.3.3.15 sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase. EC 2.3.3.16 citrate synthase (unknown ... EC 2.3.3.10 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase. EC 2.3.3.11 2-hydroxyglutarate synthase. EC 2.3.3.12 3-propylmalate synthase. ...
BRENDA - Search Result
The genome of Clostridium kluyveri, a strict anaerobe with unique metabolic features | PNAS
... kluyveri is phylogenetically related to homocitrate synthase and isopropylmalate synthase rather than to Si-citrate synthase. J ... 1966) Synthesis of glutamate and citrate by Clostridium kluyveri: An new type of citrate synthase. Biochemistry 5:1125-1133. ... 2 and 3 and SI Table 2) and the nonribosomal synthesis of proteins/polyketides (Fig. 4 and SI Fig. 6) in the genome of C. ... and ATP synthase (AtpA-I). For the other cytoplasmic enzymes involved see SI Table 2. The clostridial ferredoxin with two [ ...
YRC Public Data Repository - Protein Overview - gi|7303012
citrate (Si)-synthase activity. 5.74736490002685. bayes_pls_golite062009. *transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl ... citrate metabolic process [ISS] Molecular Function:. ATP binding [IEA] ATP citrate synthase activity [ISS][NAS] succinate-CoA ... gi,24653990,ref,NP_725514.1, ATP citrate lyase, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster] [NCBI NR] *gi,24653988,ref,NP_523755.1, ATP ... citrate lyase, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster] [NCBI NR] *gi,21645324,gb,AAM70940.1, ATP citrate lyase, isoform B [ ...
YRC Public Data Repository - Protein Overview - CIT2 / YCR005C
citrate (Si)-synthase activity [TAS. ] Sequence:. Sequence:. [PDR BLAST] [ProtParam] 1 11 21 31 41 51 , , , , , , 1 MTVPYLNSNR ... Citrate synthase, catalyzes the condensation of acetyl coenzyme A and oxaloacetate to form citrate, peroxisomal isozyme ... Citrate synthase 2. View Details. [298..401]. PSI-BLAST 1760.0 Citrate synthase ...
While conserved peptides can be used to assess Geobacte | Open-i
Citrate (si)-Synthase/chemistry*/genetics/metabolism. *Geobacter/classification/enzymology/genetics/metabolism*. *Proteomics/ ... Bottom Line: Citrate synthase (gltA) is a key enzyme in Geobacter central metabolism that controls flux into the TCA cycle. ... Bottom Line: Citrate synthase (gltA) is a key enzyme in Geobacter central metabolism that controls flux into the TCA cycle. ... Development of a biomarker for Geobacter activity and strain composition; proteogenomic analysis of the citrate synthase ...
TCA cycle
2-methylcitrate synthase - Wikipedia
... of the stereoisomeric configurations of methylcitric acid produced by si-citrate synthase and methylcitrate synthase using ... In enzymology, a 2-methylcitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction propanoyl-CoA + H2O + ... Uchiyama H; Tabuchi T (1976). "Properties of methylcitrate synthase from Candida lipolytica". Agric. Biol. Chem. 40 (7): 1411- ... methylcitrate synthase, and methylcitrate synthetase. This enzyme participates in propanoate metabolism. ...
citrate synthase (unknown stereospecificity)(EC 2.3.3.16) - Creative Enzymes
This entry has been included to accommodate those citrate synthases for which the stereospecificity with respect to C2 of ... EC 2.3.3.1, citrate (Si)-synthase and EC 2.3.3.3, citrate (Re)-synthase]. ... citrate condensing enzyme; CoA-acetylating citrate oxaloacetate-lyase; citrate synthetase; citric synthase; citric-condensing ... This entry has been included to accommodate those citrate synthases for which the stereospecificity with respect to C2 of ...
Skeletal muscle phosphocreatine depletion depresses myocellular energy status during sepsis<...
... citrate synthase, and the metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), PCr, inorganic phosphate, and creatine. Free adenosine ... citrate synthase, and the metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), PCr, inorganic phosphate, and creatine. Free adenosine ... citrate synthase, and the metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), PCr, inorganic phosphate, and creatine. Free adenosine ... citrate synthase, and the metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), PCr, inorganic phosphate, and creatine. Free adenosine ...
Citrate synthase | Article about Citrate synthase by The Free Dictionary
Salts of citric acid are used in beverages and pharmaceuticals A salt or ester of citric acid Explanation of Citrate synthase ... Find out information about Citrate synthase. any salt or ester of citric acid. ... Related to Citrate synthase: Succinate dehydrogenase, ATP citrate synthase. citrate. any salt or ester of citric acid. Salts of ... citrate. [′si‚trāt] (biochemistry) A salt or ester of citric acid.. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us ...
Condensing enzyme - Biology-Online Dictionary
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for 2-Methylcitric acid (HMDB0000379)
Reactome | Acetyl-CoA + H2O + Oxaloacetate => Citrate +...
Decreased NADH dehydrogenase and ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase in peripheral arterial disease<...
Citrate (si)-Synthase Medicine & Life Sciences 27% * Electron Transport Medicine & Life Sciences 22% ... There were no differences in the mitochondrial content per gram of skeletal muscle as assessed by citrate synthase activity ... There were no differences in the mitochondrial content per gram of skeletal muscle as assessed by citrate synthase activity ... There were no differences in the mitochondrial content per gram of skeletal muscle as assessed by citrate synthase activity ...
ZFIN Gene: cs
Predicted to have citrate (Si)-synthase activity. Involved in response to activity. Predicted to localize to mitochondrial ... Citrate synthase. Citrate synthase active site. Citrate synthase, eukaryotic-type. Citrate synthase-like, large alpha subdomain ... Citrate synthase. Family. IPR010109 Citrate synthase, eukaryotic-type. Homologous_superfamily. IPR016142 Citrate synthase-like ... Citrate synthase-like, small alpha subdomain. Citrate synthase superfamily. UniProtKB:B2GTW6 InterPro ...
K Sreekumaran Nair, PhD, MD - Research Output
- Mayo Clinic
Effect of cold on serum substrate and glycogen concentration in young and old fischer 344 rats<...
Citrate synthase specific activity (μmol · [min · μg · protein]-1) did not differ with age. These data suggest that ... Citrate synthase specific activity (μmol · [min · μg · protein]-1) did not differ with age. These data suggest that ... Citrate synthase specific activity (μmol · [min · μg · protein]-1) did not differ with age. These data suggest that ... Citrate synthase specific activity (μmol · [min · μg · protein]-1) did not differ with age. These data suggest that ...
GltAMetabolismSkeletalDehydrogenaseEscherichiaProteinTricarboxylicCitric acidPeroxisomal citrate synthaseGlyoxysomal citrate synthaseMitochondriaKrebsMitochondrial matrixCIT2ProteinsGeneInhibitionSubstratesYeastVastusEnzyme activitySoleus muscleAssayMuscleCondensationAcetyl-coaGlyoxylate cycleActivity was significantlyCharacterizationAldosteroneCapillarySynthetaseCatalyzesRespiratory chainInsufficiencySolubilizationResiduesMechanism
GltA4
- For this purpose, the 5′-untranslated region sequence of gltA encoding citrate synthase was designed using an expression prediction program, UTR designer, and modified using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method to reduce its expression level. (dtu.dk)
- Citrate synthase (gltA) is a key enzyme in Geobacter central metabolism that controls flux into the TCA cycle. (nih.gov)
- We describe the development and validation of a R. bellii-specific, quantitative, real-time PCR TaqMan assay that targets a segment of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. (cdc.gov)
- Plasmids pAB7, pJNK3 and pJNK4 containing Escherichia coli cs ( gltA ), NADH insensitive cs ( gltA1 ), and citrate operon consisting of gltA1 gene along with Salmonella typhimurium Na + dependent citrate transporter ( citC ) gene under constitutive lac promoter were constructed in broad host range plasmid pUCPM18-Km r . (springer.com)
Metabolism2
- Citrate synthase is found in nearly all cells capable of oxidative metabolism. (uniprot.org)
- The metabolism of propionate was examined in wild-type Escherichia coli and cells lacking citrate synthase by high-resolution 13 C n.m.r. (elsevier.com)
Skeletal7
- Maximal activity of citrate synthase indicates the mitochondrial content of skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- 2]) consumption and citrate synthase activity in slow- and fast- twitch oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle fibers of rats. (thefreedictionary.com)
- There were no differences in the mitochondrial content per gram of skeletal muscle as assessed by citrate synthase activity between the PAD patients and the control subjects. (elsevier.com)
- Skeletal muscle NADH dehydrogenase activity was decreased by 27% compared with controls when expressed per unit of citrate synthase activity. (elsevier.com)
- Drosophila UNC-45 prevents heat-induced aggregation of skeletal muscle myosin and facilitates refolding of citrate synthase. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The primary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) mitochondrial content (citrate synthase enzyme activity). (elsevier.com)
- Skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity was significantly increased by 52 percent in T rats, indicating endurance conditioning. (bvsalud.org)
Dehydrogenase6
- Glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway and glutamate dehydrogenase play distinct roles in the sink-source nitrogen cycle in tobacco. (genome.jp)
- Muscle samples were collected to determine enzyme activities of β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, and the metabolites adenosine triphosphate (ATP), PCr, inorganic phosphate, and creatine. (elsevier.com)
- Citrate synthase (CS) and octopine dehydrogenase (ODH) activities were used as indicators of aerobic and anaerobic metabolic potential respectively. (thefreedictionary.com)
- No glutamate labelling was detected when the tricarboxylic acid cycle was blocked either by deletion of citrate synthase or by inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonate. (elsevier.com)
- The results showed a membrane stabilizing capacity of the extract since mitochondrial function measured on the basis of citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities was reduced, on average, by 20 percent (P (bvsalud.org)
- NADH, a product of all dehydrogenases in the citric acid cycle with the exception of succinate dehydrogenase, inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and also citrate synthase. (hyperleap.com)
Escherichia1
- Buch AD, Archana G, Naresh Kumar G (2009) Enhance citric acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas fluorescence ATCC 13525 by overexpression of the Escherichia coli citrate synthase gene. (springer.com)
Protein7
- proteogenomic analysis of the citrate synthase protein during bioremediation of U(VI). (nih.gov)
- Citrate synthase specific activity (μmol · [min · μg · protein] -1 ) did not differ with age. (elsevier.com)
- 3‐oxoacyl‐[acyl‐carrier‐protein]synthase (see fatty acid synthase complex). (oup.com)
- The affected locus encoded a novel protein (CshA) that was homologous to glyoxysomal citrate synthase. (elsevier.com)
- Muscle oxidative capacity, as reflected by the protein content of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, increased by ∼35% after training. (nih.gov)
- Targeting and processing of a chimeric protein with the N-terminal presequence of the precursor to glyoxysomal citrate synthase. (semanticscholar.org)
- To investigate the role of the presequence in the transport of the protein to the microbodies, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants that expressed beta-glucuronidase with the N-terminal presequence of the precursor to the glyoxysomal citrate synthase of pumpkin. (semanticscholar.org)
Tricarboxylic2
- Citrate synthase (CS), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, plays a decisive role in regulating energy generation of mitochondrial respiration. (ncku.edu.tw)
- YES NO PARTIAL The TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, citrate cycle, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, is performed in eukaryotic mitochondria and in many prokaryotes. (jcvi.org)
Citric acid1
- The enzyme citrate synthase E.C. 2.3.3.1 (previously 4.1.3.7)] exists in nearly all living cells and stands as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle ). (wikipedia.org)
Peroxisomal citrate synthase1
- Taken together, these results provide new insights into the function of peroxisomal citrate synthase in cell growth and multicellular development. (elsevier.com)
Glyoxysomal citrate synthase1
- Glyoxysomal citrate synthase in pumpkin is synthesized as a precursor that has a cleavable presequence at its N-terminal end. (semanticscholar.org)
Mitochondria1
- Citrate synthase is commonly used as a quantitative enzyme marker for the presence of intact mitochondria . (wikipedia.org)
Krebs1
- Surprisingly, MCI PBMCs showed higher activities of two enzymes regulating the energy machine, cytochrome C oxidase and citrate synthase , involved in the respiratory chain processes and Krebs cycle, respectively. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mitochondrial matrix1
- [5] Citrate synthase is localized within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix , but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. (wikipedia.org)
CIT22
- Intramitochondrial functions regulate nonmitochondrial citrate synthase (CIT2) expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (denigma.de)
- We have examined the effects of perturbation of mitochondrial function on expression of two nuclear genes encoding the mitochondrial and peroxisomal forms of citrate synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CIT1 and CIT2. (denigma.de)
Proteins3
- Isolation of the nuclear yeast genes for citrate synthase and fifteen other mitochondrial proteins by a new screening method. (ymdb.ca)
- YajL stimulated the renaturation of urea-unfolded citrate synthase and the solubilization of the urea-unfolded ribosomal proteins S1 and L3 and was more efficient as a chaperone in its oxidized form than in its reduced form. (ecoliwiki.net)
- Among these proteins, only Snz1 showed the anti-aggregation activity against thermal denaturation of citrate synthase. (bvsalud.org)
Gene1
- DNA sequences from the 21 PCR citrate synthase A gene amplicons (GenBank accession nos. (thefreedictionary.com)
Inhibition3
- In amphetamine-pretreated animals, valproate administration reversed citrate synthase activity inhibition induced by amphetamine. (unboundmedicine.com)
- In the prevention model, pretreatment with lithium prevented amphetamine-induced citrate synthase inhibition. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Our results showed that amphetamine inhibited citrate synthase activity and that valproate reversed and lithium prevented the enzyme inhibition. (unboundmedicine.com)
Substrates1
- Two binding sites can be found therein: one reserved for citrate or oxaloacetate and the other for Coenzyme A. The active site contains three key residues: His274, His320, and Asp375 that are highly selective in their interactions with substrates. (wikipedia.org)
Yeast1
- Both human and yeast proteasomes stimulate the recovery of the native structure of citrate synthase. (mdc-berlin.de)
Vastus1
- O.05) in citrate synthase (CS) activity of the vastus lateralis. (unthsc.edu)
Enzyme activity2
- An in vitro citrate synthase assay revealed that cshA disruption resulted in a 50% reduction in enzyme activity, implicating CshA as an active citrate synthase. (elsevier.com)
- In this work, we evaluated the activity of citrate synthase in rats, and the effects of the treatment with mood stabilizers (lithium and valproate) on the enzyme activity. (unboundmedicine.com)
Soleus muscle2
- In additional, we confirmed that the concentration of citrate synthase , a marker of ExT efficacy, in soleus muscle was significantly higher in ExT than in Sed rats. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Plasma catecholamine concentrations and citrate synthase activity in soleus muscle were also determined in both groups. (bvsalud.org)
Assay1
- Here, to test for chaperone activity of the proteasome, we assay the reactivation of denatured citrate synthase. (mdc-berlin.de)
Muscle5
- Muscle citrate synthase activity was increased in both genotypes. (nih.gov)
- Citrate synthase activity measured in the muscle and the digestive gland of scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) collected during 2003 near Magdalen Islands (Quebec, Canada). (thefreedictionary.com)
- As expected, the voluntary running model enhanced citrate synthase activity but caused no changes in absolute muscle mass or fiber size. (thefreedictionary.com)
- RESULTS: Citrate synthase activity was significantly higher in the mucosa than in the muscle. (bvsalud.org)
- However, the grape suspension provided significant protection of both smooth muscle and mucosal citrate synthase activity. (bvsalud.org)
Condensation1
- MCA is formed by condensation of accumulated propionyl- CoA and oxalacetate by the enzyme si-citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7). (hmdb.ca)
Acetyl-coa1
- It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7. (rush.edu)
Glyoxylate cycle1
- Non-mitochondrial citrate synthase catalyses citrate synthesis in the glyoxylate cycle in gluconeogenesis. (elsevier.com)
Activity was significantly1
- Three hours after administration of aldosterone (0.8 μg/100 g body wt), renal cortical and medullary citrate synthase activity was significantly increased as reported previously by Kinne and Kirsten (Kinne, R., Kirsten, R. 1968. (umn.edu)
Characterization1
- Identification and characterization of a re-citrate synthase in Dehalococcoides strain CBDB1. (kegg.jp)
Aldosterone5
- The possible induction of renal citrate synthase (E.C. 4.1.3.7), by aldosterone was evaluated in the adrenalectomized rat. (umn.edu)
- The aldosterone-dependent increase in medullary citrate synthase activity was proportionate to the associated increase in the quantity of antiserum (specific for citrate synthase) required for half-maximal immuno-precipitation. (umn.edu)
- The possibility that aldosterone induced the synthesis of citrate synthase was evaluated in two sets of experiments. (umn.edu)
- Aldosterone augmented methionine incorporation into renal citrate synthase by 55% but had no effect on incorporation into the hepatic enzyme. (umn.edu)
- Law, P-Y & Edelman, IS 1978, ' Induction of citrate synthase by aldosterone in the rat kidney ', The Journal of Membrane Biology , vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 41-64. (umn.edu)
Capillary1
- Capillary:fiber ratio, number of capillary contacts per fiber, and citrate synthase activity (CS) were evaluated in the plantaris (Plant) and soleus (Sol) muscles. (elsevier.com)
Synthetase1
- Other names in common use include 2-methylcitrate oxaloacetate-lyase, MCS, methylcitrate synthase, and methylcitrate synthetase. (wikipedia.org)
Catalyzes1
- Catalyzes both citrate generation and citrate cleavage. (uniprot.org)
Respiratory chain1
- Activities of respiratory chain complexes and citrate synthase influenced by pharmacologically different antidepressants and mood stabilizers. (nel.edu)
Insufficiency1
- Disrupted multicellular development on bacterial lawns resulted from the abnormal susceptibility to the environmental conditions, perhaps because of citrate insufficiency. (elsevier.com)
Solubilization1
- Thus the study demonstrates that artificial citrate operon in H. seropedicae Z67 enhances phosphate solubilization and plant growth promotion abilities. (springer.com)
Residues2
- Citrate synthase's 437 amino acid residues are organized into two main subunits, each consisting of 20 alpha-helices. (wikipedia.org)
- These alpha helices compose approximately 75% of citrate synthase's tertiary structure , while the remaining residues mainly compose irregular extensions of the structure, save a single beta-sheet of 13 residues. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism2
- We have examined the mechanism of the domain closure in citrate synthase, for which atomic co-ordinates are available for "open" and "closed" forms. (elsevier.com)
- The large interface between the domains of citrate synthase precludes a simple hinge mechanism for its conformational change. (elsevier.com)