Citalopram
A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
Antidepressive Agents
Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of serotonergic neurons. They are different than SEROTONIN RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to SEROTONIN. They remove SEROTONIN from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. Regulates signal amplitude and duration at serotonergic synapses and is the site of action of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS.
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Fluoxetine
Cyclohexanols
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic
Substances that contain a fused three-ring moiety and are used in the treatment of depression. These drugs block the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into axon terminals and may block some subtypes of serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors. However the mechanism of their antidepressant effects is not clear because the therapeutic effects usually take weeks to develop and may reflect compensatory changes in the central nervous system.
Clomipramine
Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of noradrenergic neurons. They remove NOREPINEPHRINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. It regulates signal amplitude and duration at noradrenergic synapses and is the target of ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS.
Serotonin Antagonists
Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A
A serotonin receptor subtype found distributed through the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM where they are involved in neuroendocrine regulation of ACTH secretion. The fact that this serotonin receptor subtype is particularly sensitive to SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS such as BUSPIRONE suggests its role in the modulation of ANXIETY and DEPRESSION.
Imipramine
Depressive Disorder, Major
Hindlimb Suspension
Tryptophan Hydroxylase
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
Mianserin
Serotonin Receptor Agonists
p-Chloroamphetamine
Fluvoxamine
Depressive Disorder
Drug Overdose
Raphe Nuclei
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.
Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists
Gastric Lavage
Modulation of noradrenergic neuronal firing by selective serotonin reuptake blockers. (1/558)
Using in vivo extracellular unitary recording, the effect of short term (2-day) and long-term (21-day) administration of the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1), s.c. using osmotic minipumps) was examined on the spontaneous firing activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons. Long-term but not short-term treatment significantly decreased firing activity. Thus, it appears that enhancing 5-HT neurotransmission by sustained SSRI administration leads to a reduction of the firing rate of noradrenergic neurons. The SSRI paroxetine therefore alters the activity of noradrenergic neurons with a delay that is consistent with its therapeutic action in depression and panic disorder. (+info)Effect of activated charcoal alone or given after gastric lavage in reducing the absorption of diazepam, ibuprofen and citalopram. (2/558)
AIMS: The efficacy of activated charcoal alone, and gastric lavage followed by charcoal in reducing the absorption of diazepam, ibuprofen and citalopram was studied in healthy volunteers. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over study with three phases, nine healthy volunteers were administered single oral doses of 5 mg diazepam, 400 mg ibuprofen and 20 mg citalopram, taken simultaneously after an overnight fast. Thirty minutes later, the subjects were assigned to one of the following treatments: 200 ml water (control), 25 g activated charcoal as a suspension in 200 ml water or gastric lavage followed by 25 g charcoal in suspension given through the lavage tube. Plasma concentrations of diazepam, ibuprofen and citalopram were determined up to 10 h. RESULTS: The AUC(0,10 h) of diazepam was reduced by 27% (P<0.05) by both charcoal alone and charcoal combined with lavage. The increase in plasma diazepam concentration from 0.5 h onwards was prevented by both interventions (P+info)Serotonin reuptake inhibition by citalopram in rat strains differing for their emotionality. (3/558)
Acute administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram (1-10 mg/kg, i.p. 1 h before an elevated plus-maze test), to Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHRs), Lewis (LEW) rats, and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, i.e., rat strains differing for their emotionality, promoted anxiety, and/or hypoactivity, except in WKY rats. In the three strains, such a pretreatment increased central 5-HT levels and/or decreased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels. Hippocampal, but not midbrain or striatal, [3H]citalopram binding at 5-HT transporters was lower in WKY rats than in SHRs. However, neither [3H]5-HT reuptake kinetics nor the potencies of citalopram (1-1000 nM) to inhibit [3H]5-HT reuptake into hippocampal and striatal synaptosomes differed between strains. This was confirmed in vivo by means of microdialysis in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Thus, although LEW rats displayed a 3-4 fold higher baseline level of extracellular 5-HT in the hippocampus, compared with SHRs and WKY rats, local perfusion with 1 microM citalopram promoted relative increases in extracellular 5-HT levels over baseline that were similar in all strains. Lastly, acute i.p. administration of 3.3 mg/kg citalopram (1 h beforehand) decreased to similar extents [3H]5-HT reuptake into hippocampal synaptosomes from SHRs and WKY rats. This study indicates that genetic differences in the behavioural responses to SSRIs may involve 5-HT transporter-independent mechanisms. (+info)The activity of rat brain nitric oxide synthase following chronic antidepressant treatment. (4/558)
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme involved in the activation of the glutamate/NMDA receptor-induced cascade of events. In this study we investigated the NOS activity in different rat brain regions after chronic electroconvulsive, imipramine and citalopram treatments. Chronic electroconvulsive treatment significantly increased the NOS activity (by 49%) in the cerebral cortex. However, chronic treatment with imipramine or citalopram did not alter the activity of NOS in all examined brain regions (cortex, hippocampus or cerebellum). The increased NOS activity after electroconvulsive but not pharmacologic (imipramine or citalopram) treatment may well reflect the differences between the adaptive changes of the NMDA receptor complex induced by these treatments. (+info)Citalopram controls phobic symptoms in patients with panic disorder: randomized controlled trial. (5/558)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of long-term treatment with citalopram or clomipramine on subjective phobic symptoms in patients with panic disorder. DESIGN: Double-blind, parallel-group, five-arm study. PATIENTS: Patients aged 18 to 65 years with panic disorder (DMS-III-R diagnosis) and with no major depressive symptoms. INTERVENTIONS: Four hundred and seventy-five patients were randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with either citalopram (10 to 15 mg per day; 20 to 30 mg per day; or 40 to 60 mg per day), clomipramine (60 to 90 mg per day) or placebo. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients continued treatment after the 8-week acute phase. OUTCOME MEASURES: Phobic symptoms were assessed using the Phobia Scale and the Symptom Checklist's (SCL-90) phobia-related factors. RESULTS: At all dosages, citalopram was more efficacious than placebo, with 20 to 30 mg generally being the most effective dosage. Citalopram (20 to 30 mg) generally decreased phobic symptoms significantly more than placebo after Month 3. Interpersonal sensitivity decreased when measured on the respective SCL-90 sub-scale. Alleviation of phobic symptoms generally continued to increase towards the end of the treatment. The effect of clomipramine was not as consistent. CONCLUSIONS: All active treatment groups, especially the group receiving 20 to 30 mg per day of citalopram, effectively controlled phobic symptoms in patients with panic disorder. Long-term treatment with citalopram further decreased phobic symptoms. (+info)Acute psychological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") are attenuated by the serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram. (6/558)
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") is a recreational drug that has been shown to release serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in animals. The effect of MDMA on 5-HT release can be blocked by 5-HT uptake inhibitors such as citalopram, suggesting that MDMA interacts with the 5-HT uptake site. It is unknown whether this mechanism is also responsible for the psychological effects of MDMA in humans. We investigated the effect of citalopram pretreatment (40 mg iv) on the psychological effects of MDMA (1.5 mg/kg po) in a double-blind placebo-controlled psychometric study in 16 healthy human volunteers. MDMA produced an emotional state with heightened mood, increased self-confidence and extroversion, moderate derealization, and an intensification of sensory perception. Most of these effects were markedly reduced by citalopram. This finding suggests that the psychological effects of MDMA are mediated via action at the 5-HT uptake site to increase 5-HT release through the carrier, as expected from animal studies. (+info)Citalopram--a review of pharmacological and clinical effects. (7/558)
OBJECTIVE: To provide clinicians with a critical evaluation of citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that has been available in Canada since March 1999. DATA SOURCES: Commercial searches (MEDLINE and BiblioTech) and an "in-house" search (InfoDrug) were used to find published English-language references for clinical and preclinical publications. There was no restriction of publication dates. Primary index terms used were: pharmacological properties, receptors, pharmacological selectivity, pharmacokinetics, age-related pharmacokinetics, sex-related pharmacokinetics, renal dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction, cytochrome activity, drug interactions, adverse reactions, antidepressant switching, precautions, overdose, drug discontinuation, children, geriatric, depression, combination therapy, placebo control, refractory depression, anxiety disorders and medical disorders. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 74 studies were reviewed. Twenty-one of these studies specifically examined the clinical efficacy and tolerability of citalopram in depressive disorders as well as other disorders. In depressive disorders, clinical studies were required to have either placebo or active comparison controls for a minimum of 3 weeks. For other disorders, in the absence of double-blind trials, open-label studies were included. Pharmacological studies were limited to animal studies focusing on citalopram's selectivity and receptor specificity, and positron emission tomography studies were incorporated to include human pharmacological data. Pharmacokinetic studies focused on the metabolism, safety and tolerability of citalopram, specifically with reference to adverse reactions, drug interactions and overdose in addition to citalopram's effect on vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly and patients with metabolic diseases. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on clinical studies were summarized according to test measures, study duration and outcome of study. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were summarized according to properties and interactions. Adverse reactions were extracted to outline citalopram's safety profile. DATA SYNTHESIS: Citalopram is an SSRI antidepressant with a more specific and selective pharmacological profile than other antidepressants of its class. It is well tolerated, and drug interactions are not a significant concern. It is also reasonably safe for populations vulnerable to pharmacokinetic effects, such as the elderly and patients with metabolic diseases. In addition to its tolerability, citalopram is effective in the treatment of major depression, other depressive disorders and panic disorder. It has the potential to effectively treat other anxiety disorders and substance-use disorders; in addition, it may be useful in several medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support the role of citalopram as a well-tolerated and effective SSRI antidepressant. There is a need for further evaluation of its role in psychiatric disorders other than major depressive disorder. (+info)Variations in response to citalopram in men and women with alcohol dependence. (8/558)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the differential effects of citalopram on alcohol consumption in nondepressed women and men with mild to moderate alcohol dependence. DESIGN: Prospective, placebo-controlled study. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one subjects (34 men and 27 women). INTERVENTIONS: After a 2-week baseline, subjects were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of citalopram (40 mg per day) (n = 15 women, 16 men) or placebo (n = 12 women, 18 men). All received brief standard psychosocial interventions. OUTCOME MEASURES: Alcohol Dependence Scale, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale, Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and daily alcohol intake. RESULTS: Pretreatment sex differences were evident in alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, alcohol-related problems and on anxiety and depression measures. After treatment, analyses of covariance with depression and anxiety scores as covariates revealed a differential benefit of citalopram for men. Men receiving citalopram reduced average drinks per day by 44%, whereas women exhibited a 27% decrease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Men may benefit more than women from citalopram in the treatment of alcohol dependence. These findings highlight the importance of examining sex as a significant variable in evaluating response to pharmacotherapy. (+info) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and serious mental illness that can affect anyone regardless of age or background. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. These symptoms can interfere with daily life, causing significant distress and impairment.
The exact cause of MDD is not known, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some risk factors for developing MDD include:
* Family history of depression or other mental health conditions
* History of trauma or stressful life events
* Chronic illness or chronic pain
* Substance abuse or addiction
* Personality traits such as low self-esteem or perfectionism
Symptoms of MDD can vary from person to person, but typically include:
* Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
* Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed
* Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
* Fatigue or loss of energy
* Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
* Thoughts of death or suicide
MDD can be diagnosed by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, based on the symptoms and their duration. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, and may include:
* Antidepressant medications to relieve symptoms of depression
* Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to help identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors
* Interpersonal therapy (IPT) to improve communication skills and relationships with others
* Other forms of therapy, such as mindfulness-based therapies or relaxation techniques
It is important to seek professional help if symptoms of depression are severe or persistent, as MDD can have a significant impact on daily life and can increase the risk of suicide. With appropriate treatment, however, many people with MDD are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Depressive disorder, also known as major depressive disorder or clinical depression, is a common and serious medical condition that can affect anyone regardless of age or background. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. These symptoms can interfere with daily life, relationships, and work or school performance.
The exact cause of depressive disorder is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some common risk factors for developing depressive disorder include:
* Family history of depression
* Traumatic events, such as abuse or loss
* Chronic stress
* Substance abuse
* Chronic illness or chronic pain
There are several different types of depressive disorders, including:
* Major depressive disorder (MDD): This is the most common type of depression, characterized by one or more major depressive episodes in a person's lifetime.
* Persistent depressive disorder (PDD): This type of depression is characterized by persistent, low-grade symptoms that last for two years or more.
* Bipolar disorder: This is a mood disorder that involves periods of both depression and mania or hypomania.
* Postpartum depression (PPD): This is a type of depression that occurs in women after childbirth.
* Severe depression: This is a severe and debilitating form of depression that can interfere with daily life and relationships.
Treatment for depressive disorder typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, such as antidepressant medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Other forms of therapy, such as psychodynamic therapy or interpersonal therapy, may also be effective. Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep, can also help manage symptoms.
It's important to seek professional help if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depressive disorder. With proper treatment, many people are able to recover from depression and lead fulfilling lives.
A drug overdose, also known as overdose or OD, occurs when a person takes more of a substance than their body can handle. This can lead to serious health complications, including death.
There are several types of drug overdoses, including:
1. Opioid overdose: This is the most common type of drug overdose and is caused by taking too much of an opioid medication or street drug like heroin.
2. Stimulant overdose: This occurs when someone takes too much of a stimulant drug like cocaine or amphetamines.
3. Depressant overdose: This is caused by taking too much of a depressant drug like alcohol, benzodiazepines, or barbiturates.
4. Hallucinogenic overdose: This happens when someone takes too much of a hallucinogenic drug like LSD or psilocybin mushrooms.
The symptoms of a drug overdose can vary depending on the type of drug taken, but common signs include:
1. Confusion and disorientation
2. Slurred speech and difficulty speaking
3. Dizziness and loss of balance
4. Nausea and vomiting
5. Slow or irregular breathing
6. Seizures or convulsions
7. Cold, clammy skin
8. Blue lips and fingernails
9. Coma or unresponsiveness
10. Death
If you suspect someone has overdosed on drugs, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately. Call emergency services or bring the person to the nearest hospital.
Treatment for drug overdoses usually involves supportive care, such as oxygen therapy, fluids, and medication to manage symptoms. In severe cases, a patient may need to be placed on life support or receive other intensive treatments.
Preventing drug overdoses is crucial, and this can be achieved by avoiding the use of drugs altogether, using drugs only as directed by a medical professional, and having access to naloxone, a medication that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.
In conclusion, drug overdoses are a significant public health issue that can have severe consequences, including death. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of drug overdoses and seek medical attention immediately if you suspect someone has overdosed. Additionally, prevention measures such as avoiding drug use and having access to naloxone can help reduce the risk of overdose.
Citalopram
... is licensed in the UK and other European countries for panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. Citalopram may ... Some data suggests citalopram may cause nightmares. Citalopram is associated with a higher risk of arrhythmia than other SSRIs ... Treatment with citalopram should be reduced gradually when treatment is finished. Citalopram and other SSRIs can induce a mixed ... As with other SSRIs, citalopram can cause an increase in serum prolactin level. Citalopram has no significant effect on insulin ...
Macropsia
Citalopram-induced macropsia is similar to zolpidem-induced macropsia since both types have been observed in relatively few ... Citalopram is an antidepressant that inhibits serotonin reuptake. The first case of macropsia thought to be induced by ... Ghanizadeh, A. Citalopram-induced macropsia. Clin Neuropharamcol 2007; 30(4): 246-247. Unnithan SB, Cutting JC. The cocaine ... Citalopram. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in depressive illness. ...
Development and discovery of SSRI drugs
... called citalopram. But citalopram can also be viewed as a constrained analogue of paroxetine. Citalopram has the second most ... Citalopram is composed of two enantiomers, (R)- and (S)-, which are mirror images of each other (figure 7). Researches has ... were able to generate a model of the (S)-citalopram binding site in human SERT by combining mutational analysis and comparative ... S)-citalopram is positioned as that the cyanophthalane-. fluorophenyl- and methylaminoprpyl moieties occupy three different sub ...
Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
CITALOPRAM 26. CLOMACRANE 27. CLOMETIAZOLE 28. CLOMIPRAMINE 29. CLOREXADOL 30. CLORPROMAZINE 31. CHLOROPROXENE 32. CLOTIAPINE ...
CYP2D6
"Citalopram Oral Solution". Drugs.com. "Escitalopram-drug-information". UpToDate. Retrieved 2019-05-22. "Drug Development and ...
List of drugs: T-Td
Redirects to citalopram. talopram (INN) talosalate (INN) talotrexin ammonium (USAN) taloximine (INN) talsaclidine (INN) ...
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Fluvoxamine, escitalopram and citalopram are not well tested in this disorder. Paroxetine remains the most suitable drug for ... Citalopram and escitalopram: QT interval prolongation - new maximum daily dose restrictions (including in elderly patients), ... The recommended maximum daily dose of citalopram and escitalopram was reduced due to concerns with QT prolongation. In overdose ... Oström M, Eriksson A, Thorson J, Spigset O (1996). "Fatal overdose with citalopram". Lancet. 348 (9023): 339-340. doi:10.1016/ ...
2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers
... and citalopram, an antidepressant. Health records from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) reportedly indicated ...
Tom Petty
... and citalopram (an antidepressant). In a statement on his website, Petty's wife and daughter said he had a number of medical ...
Flunitrazepam
Jonasson B, Saldeen T (March 2002). "Citalopram in fatal poisoning cases". Forensic Science International. 126 (1): 1-6. doi: ...
Impulsivity
Koran, Lorrin M.; Bullock, Kim D.; Hartston, Heidi J.; Elliott, Michael A.; d'Andrea, Vincent (2002). "Citalopram Treatment of ... Pharmacological interventions include the use of SSRIs, such as fluvoxamine, citalopram, escitalopram, and naltrexone. Impulse ...
Pseudobulbar affect
Andersen, G; Vestergaard, K; Riis, J. O. (1993). "Citalopram for post-stroke pathological crying". The Lancet. 342 (8875): 837- ... Traditionally, antidepressants such as sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, nortriptyline and amitriptyline have been prescribed ...
Social anxiety disorder
Citalopram also appears to be effective. General side-effects are common during the first weeks while the body adjusts to the ... "Treatment of social anxiety disorder with citalopram". Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 26 (1): ...
Ifmad
Kaschka, W. P.; Meyer, A.; Schier, K. R.; Fröscher, W. (2001). "Treatment of Pathological Crying with Citalopram". ... "Cost-Effectiveness of Escitalopram versus Citalopram in the Treatment of Severe Depression". Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 38 (6 ...
Phthalane
One of derivatives of it is citalopram. It can be oxidised to phthalic acid. v t e (Articles without InChI source, Articles ...
Death of Conrad Roy
Like Carter, he had also been taking the antidepressant citalopram In the United States, citalopram carries a boxed warning ... In 2014 she was prescribed citalopram, also known as Celexa, to treat anxiety and depression. Carter and Conrad Roy met in ... "Celexa (citalopram hydrobromide) Tablets/Oral Solution" (PDF). Prescribing Information. Forest Laboratories, Inc. "Judge denies ...
Orally disintegrating tablet
Citalopram Prescribing Information "Ultracet Prescribing Information" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-05. ...
Generalized anxiety disorder
Other medications that have been used or evaluated for treating GAD include: SSRIs (antidepressants) Citalopram Fluoxetine ... "Citalopram versus other anti-depressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD006534. doi: ... citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, duloxetine, and venlafaxine). CBT and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are ...
Serotonin syndrome
Isbister GK, Dawson A, Whyte IM (September 2001). "Citalopram overdose, serotonin toxicity, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome ...
Chiral switch
Examples include citalopram and escitalopram, and omeprazole and esomeprazole. In both these medications, proposed theoretical ... Svensson, Staffan; Mansfield, Peter R. (2003-12-12). "Escitalopram: Superior to Citalopram or a Chiral Chimera?". Psychotherapy ... a meta analysis and reimbursement cost analysis of citalopram/escitalopram antidepressants". BMC Medicine. 10 (1): 142. doi: ...
Pliva
"PLIVA Announces Approval for Citalopram Hydrobromide Tablets" (Press release). Pliva. November 3, 2005. "PLIVA Announces ... Citalopram, and Ondansetron. In October 2006, Barr Pharmaceuticals acquired Pliva. On December 23, 2008, Barr Pharmaceuticals ...
Desmethylcitalopram
... is an active metabolite of the antidepressant drugs citalopram (racemic) and escitalopram (the S-enantiomer ... Brøsen K, Naranjo CA (August 2001). "Review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies with citalopram". ... which would be called desmethylescitalopram). Like citalopram and escitalopram, desmethylcitalopram functions as a selective ...
Enantiomer
Citalopram is a racemate [1:1 mixture of (S)-citalopram and (R)-citalopram]; escitalopram [(S)-citalopram] is a pure enantiomer ... Here, (S)-citalopram is called a chiral switch of Citalopram. Enantiomers display distinct biological effects. Advances in ... The dosages for escitalopram are typically 1/2 of those for citalopram. ... Another example is the antidepressant drugs escitalopram and citalopram. ...
Racemization
Likewise, the (S) stereoisomer is much more reactive than the (R) enantiomer in citalopram (Celexa), an antidepressant which ... ISBN 978-1-4292-3414-6. Jacquot C, David DJ, Gardier AM, Sánchez C (2007). "[Escitalopram and citalopram: the unexpected role ...
Chirality (chemistry)
Lepola U, Wade A, Andersen HF (May 2004). "Do equivalent doses of escitalopram and citalopram have similar efficacy? A pooled ... Drug effectiveness: the antidepressant drug Citalopram is sold as a racemic mixture. However, studies have shown that only the ... Hyttel, J.; Bøgesø, K. P.; Perregaard, J.; Sánchez, C. (1992). "The pharmacological effect of citalopram resides in the (S ...
Enantioselective synthesis
Lepola U, Wade A, Andersen HF (May 2004). "Do equivalent doses of escitalopram and citalopram have similar efficacy? A pooled ... Drug effectiveness: the antidepressant drug Citalopram is sold as a racemic mixture. However, studies have shown that only the ... Hyttel, J.; Bøgesø, K. P.; Perregaard, J.; Sánchez, C. (1992). "The pharmacological effect of citalopram resides in the (S ...
IBF5MAP
Citalopram Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine Shulgin A, Manning T, Daley PF (2011). The Shulgin Index. Volume 1. ...
Lofexidine
These include medications such as methadone, amiodarone, citalopram, and fluconazole. Other medications may increase the risk ...
Reuptake inhibitor
Chen F, Larsen MB, Sánchez C, Wiborg O (2005). "The S-enantiomer of R,S-citalopram, increases inhibitor binding to the human ... A few of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as the dextro-enantiomer of citalopram appear to be ... Ravna AW, Sylte I, Dahl SG (2003). "Molecular mechanism of citalopram and cocaine interactions with neurotransmitter ...
GRIK4
A test of that gene can be made in order to know if a depressed patient will respond to the SSRI citalopram. The GRIK4 gene ... "GRIK4, HTR2A markers indicate reduced risk of nonresponse to citalopram". Science News. Science Daily. Retrieved 2009-01-20. ...
Celexa (Citalopram Tablets) Information - Drugs.com
Citalopram Tablets). Includes indications, proper use, special instructions, precautions, and possible side effects. ... For all patients taking Celexa (citalopram tablets): *Tell all of your health care providers that you take Celexa (citalopram ... If you are allergic to Celexa (citalopram tablets); any part of Celexa (citalopram tablets); or any other drugs, foods, or ... Read it again each time Celexa (citalopram tablets) is refilled. If you have any questions about Celexa (citalopram tablets), ...
Citalopram - Autism Europe
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Citalopram hydrochloride vs citalopram hydrobromide
... international prescription service citalopram hydrochloride vs citalopram hydrobromide citalopram hydrochloride vs citalopram ... Citalopram hydrochloride vs citalopram hydrobromide. Fastest Shipping, Buy Cialis Professional Uk. Viagra is indicated for the ... Since 2002, we are the generics online pharmacy you can trust for generic citalopram hydrochloride vs citalopram hydrobromide. ... Viagra is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men citalopram hydrochloride vs citalopram hydrobromide. Buy ...
DailyMed - CITALOPRAM solution
Citalopram Oral Solution, USP contains Citalopram Hydrobromide, USP equivalent to 2 mg/mL citalopram base. It also contains the ... CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE (UNII: I1E9D14F36) (CITALOPRAM - UNII:0DHU5B8D6V) CITALOPRAM. 10 mg in 5 mL. ... Citalopram Oral Solution may be taken with or without food.. *If you miss a dose of Citalopram Oral Solution, take the missed ... Do not take Citalopram Oral Solution if you:. *are allergic to citalopram hydrobromide or escitalopram oxalate or any of the ...
Is citalopram and citalopram hydrobromide the same
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Antidepressants10
- A small number of children, teenagers, and young adults (up to 24 years of age) who took antidepressants ('mood elevators') such as citalopram during clinical studies became suicidal (thinking about harming or killing oneself or planning or trying to do so). (medlineplus.gov)
- You should know that your mental health may change in unexpected ways when you take citalopram or other antidepressants even if you are an adult over 24 years of age. (medlineplus.gov)
- Citalopram is in a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). (medlineplus.gov)
- If you become pregnant during treatment with Citalopram, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants. (nih.gov)
- Many studies show that most antidepressants including citalopram prolong REM sleep latency and suppress REM sleep time 2 and are therefore expected to reduce or suppress nightmares. (ssristories.org)
- Pyjamas in Bananas: Is low dose citalopram as effective as other antidepressants? (blogspot.com)
- It suggests that citalopram in lower doses (below 45mg per day) might not be as effective as comparator antidepressants. (blogspot.com)
- Whether citalopram is or isn't a placebo at lower doses is not going to be answered by this study since, even if lower doses of citalopram are less effective than other antidepressants we don't know how they'd compare to placebo using this data. (blogspot.com)
- The paper found a statistically significant relationship (p=.034) between mean citalopram dose and effect size (see Figure 1 below) and went on to split the data into doses above and below 45mg and found that doses below 45mg (but not above) had a statistically significantly smaller effect size than the control antidepressants. (blogspot.com)
- That isn't necessarily surprising because it may be that both citalopram and other antidepressants are all equally affected by increasing efficacy with increasing severity of depression. (blogspot.com)
Celexa21
- All people who take Celexa (citalopram tablets) need to be watched closely. (drugs.com)
- However, the doctor may decide the benefits of taking Celexa (citalopram tablets) outweigh the risks. (drugs.com)
- If your child has been given Celexa (citalopram tablets), ask the doctor for information about the benefits and risks. (drugs.com)
- Talk with the doctor if you have questions about giving Celexa (citalopram tablets) to your child. (drugs.com)
- If you have an allergy to citalopram or any other part of Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
- This is not a list of all drugs or health problems that interact with Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
- You must check to make sure that it is safe for you to take Celexa (citalopram tablets) with all of your drugs and health problems. (drugs.com)
- Tell all of your health care providers that you take Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
- Avoid driving and doing other tasks or actions that call for you to be alert until you see how Celexa (citalopram tablets) affects you. (drugs.com)
- Do not stop taking Celexa (citalopram tablets) all of a sudden without calling your doctor. (drugs.com)
- If you need to stop Celexa (citalopram tablets), you will want to slowly stop it as ordered by your doctor. (drugs.com)
- An unsafe heartbeat that is not normal (long QT on ECG) has happened with Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
- Sudden deaths have rarely happened in people taking Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
- Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
- In depression, sleep and appetite may get better soon after starting Celexa (citalopram tablets). (drugs.com)
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- Below are the general guidelines for dosing citalopram (Celexa). (druggenius.com)
- During the postmarketing evaluation of citalopram, Celexa overdoses, including overdoses of up to 6000 mg, have been reported. (druggenius.com)
- Celexa (citalopram) should be administered at an initial dose of 20 mg once daily, with an increase to a maximum dose of 40 mg/day at an interval of no less than one week. (druggenius.com)
Dose16
- Your doctor may start you on a low dose of citalopram and gradually increase your dose, not more often than once a week. (medlineplus.gov)
- Tell your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms while you are decreasing your dose of citalopram or soon after you stop taking citalopram. (medlineplus.gov)
- Citalopram and other antidepressant medicines may increase suicidal thoughts and actions in some children, adolescents, and young adults especially within the first few months of treatment or when the dose is changed. (nih.gov)
- If it becomes necessary for you to stop taking citalopram, ask your doctor to advise you how best to gradually reduce the dose to avoid withdrawal effects. (rxhealthmed.ca)
- The easiest answer would be to reduce the dose of the citalopram back to the previous 10 mg daily and see if the slight hyponatremia resolved. (meded101.com)
- Citalopram 20 mg/day is the maximum recommended dose for patients taking CYP2C19 inhibitors because of the risk of QT prolongation. (meded101.com)
- Monitoring of serum potassium levels, blood pressure, and blood glucose is recommended for atenolol+bumetanide and Patients should be advised to seek medical assistance if they experience dizziness, weakness, fainting, fast or irregular heartbeats, or loss of blood glucose control, for bumetanide+citalopram dose reduction or drug discontinuation should be considered in patients who experience a sustained increase in blood pressure or pulse rate during SSRI or SNRI therapy. (meded101.com)
- A possible solution in this case to reduce the dose of the citalopram back to the previous 10 mg daily. (meded101.com)
- Then the normally recommend starting dose of citalopram for Elderly patients is 50 g, and aspirin , omeprazole will increase the level or effect of citalopram. (meded101.com)
- What if I miss a dose of citalopram? (druggenius.com)
- According to Mayo Clinic , if you miss a dose of citalopram, take it immediately unless you are closer to your next dose. (druggenius.com)
- Based on these limited data, it is not known whether the dose of citalopram needed to maintain euthymia is identical to the dose needed to induce remission. (druggenius.com)
- So the first thing I wanted to do was reproduce the correlation between mean dose of citalopram and effect size. (blogspot.com)
- Using the data I extracted (see Figure 2 below) my meta-regression showed a slope of .038 of SMD against citalopram dose (p=.13). (blogspot.com)
- So, in summary, there does not seem to be a robust relationship between the effect size of citalopram and the mean dose used in trials - I do not think a discrepancy of this magnitude is likely to due to methodological differences and I hypothesise that Aursnes et al (2010) have made a calculation error. (blogspot.com)
- A single dose of citalopram increases fear recognition in healthy subjects. (bvsalud.org)
Effect of citalopram2
- omeprazole + citalopram omeprazole will increase the level or effect of citalopram by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C19 metabolism. (meded101.com)
- Having placebo studies included only for high doses of 50mg and 60mg will overestimate the effect of citalopram at high doses since we expect citalopram to be better than placebo but no better or worse than another antidepressant as control. (blogspot.com)
Tablet2
- Citalopram comes as a tablet and a solution (liquid) to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
- Drug1 (rxcui = 283672, name = citalopram 10 MG Oral Tablet, tty = SCD). (druginteractionchecker.com)
Depression6
- Citalopram is used to treat depression. (medlineplus.gov)
- Citalopram is a prescription medicine used to treat a certain type of depression called Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adults. (nih.gov)
- This patient was started on citalopram 10 mg daily about 6-12 months ago for symptoms of depression. (meded101.com)
- He was admitted to inpatient psychiatric unit and was started on citalopram 20 mg PO everyday for depression. (ssristories.org)
- It is actually titled "Are Regular Doses of Citalopram for Depression only Placebos? (blogspot.com)
- Citalopram (20 mg) was used for depression. (cdc.gov)
Overdose6
- [1] Citalopram is reported to be the only SSRI which requires routine cardiac monitoring in overdose. (ijp-online.com)
- [2] In acute citalopram overdose, electrocardiagraphic abnormalities has been described in a number of large case series, including QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. (ijp-online.com)
- Therefore, aim of this study is to clarify the role of adenosine receptors and/or endogenous adenosine in the mechanism of the cardiovascular toxic effects induced by citalopram overdose in rats. (ijp-online.com)
- What if I overdose on citalopram? (druggenius.com)
- In clinical trials of citalopram, there were reports of citalopram overdose, including overdoses of up to 2000mg, with no associated fatalities. (druggenius.com)
- As with other SSRIs, a fatal outcome in a patient who has taken an overdose of citalopram has been rarely reported. (druggenius.com)
Allergic1
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Tablets1
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SSRI3
- Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is widely prescribed for use a depressive illness and panic disorder. (ijp-online.com)
- Citalopram is a very commonly used antidepressant and is part of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) class. (meded101.com)
- Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). (ssristories.org)
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Selective1
- Citalopram belongs to a group of medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). (rxhealthmed.ca)
Prolongation3
- In the dextrose group, citalopram infusion caused a significant decrease in MAP and HR and caused a significant prolongation in QRS and QT. (ijp-online.com)
- Citalopram may lead to QT prolongation by stimulating adenosine A 1 receptors without affecting the release of adenosine. (ijp-online.com)
- The risk or severity of QTc prolongation can be increased when Azithromycin is combined with Citalopram. (druginteractionchecker.com)
Doses1
- Meta-analysis And Meta-regression Analysis Of Pre-registration Clinical Trial Data" which is pretty tendentious since the study only includes two placebo controlled trials, both of which are in high doses of citalopram. (blogspot.com)
Ingredients1
- See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in Citalopram. (nih.gov)
Treatment7
- Your healthcare provider will want to see you often while you are taking citalopram, especially at the beginning of your treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- The doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with citalopram. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not start taking an MAOI for at least 14 days after you stop treatment with Citalopram. (nih.gov)
- Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant or think you may be pregnant during treatment with Citalopram. (nih.gov)
- Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby during treatment with Citalopram. (nih.gov)
- If you breastfeed during treatment with Citalopram, call your healthcare provider right away if your baby develops sleepiness or fussiness, or is not feeding or gaining weight well. (nih.gov)
- In our patient, the temporal relationship between the initiation of treatment with citalopram and onset of nightmares suggest a causal etiology. (ssristories.org)
Stop2
- Do not stop taking citalopram without talking to your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- He then requested to stop citalopram and be given another antidepressant. (ssristories.org)
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Significant2
- In the second protocol, citalopram infusion did not cause a significant change in plasma adenosine concentrations, but a significant increase observed in EHNA/NBTI groups. (ijp-online.com)
- In EHNA/NBTI groups, citalopram-induced MAP and HR reductions, QRS and QT prolongations were more significant than the dextrose group. (ijp-online.com)
Patients1
- RESUME Afin d'examiner l'expérience d'une clinique de pédopsychiatrie en ce qui concerne la comorbidité et les caractéristiques du traitement des enfants souffrant d'hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention (HADA), une étude rétrospective a été réalisée auprès des patients de moins de 19 ans qui consultaient à la clinique et chez lesquels un diagnostic de HADA avait été posé. (who.int)
Daily1
- Citalopram should be taken once daily either in the morning or evening, but at the same time every day. (rxhealthmed.ca)
Group2
- Protocol 2: First group received 5% dextrose intraperitoneally 1 hour prior to citalopram. (ijp-online.com)
- After pretreatment, group 2 received 5% dextrose and group 3 received citalopram. (ijp-online.com)
Drug1
- We report a first ever case, to our knowledge, of a patient who developed severe nightmares on initiating therapy with citalopram, which necessitated stopping of the drug. (ssristories.org)
Case Report1
- Neonatal abstinence syndrome due to prenatally citalopram exposure: A case report. (bvsalud.org)
Risk1
- Taking Citalopram late in pregnancy may lead to an increased risk of certain problems in your newborn. (nih.gov)
Data1
- Some of the source data is conveniently provided, it was obtained from Danish medicine licensing applications for citalopram so likely to be less subject to publication bias (in a similar way to the Kirsch et al data ). (blogspot.com)
Patient2
- Or is this simply a case of a patient not tolerating the citalopram? (meded101.com)
- Citalopram was stopped and patient was started on wellbutrin. (ssristories.org)
Side effects1
- Citalopram and other medicines may affect each other causing possible serious side effects. (nih.gov)
Found1
- From this post at the 21st Floor I found out about a study of citalopram dosing (Aursnes et al 2010) that is a sort of pre-print (apparently Webmedcentral is a kind of post-publication peer review model). (blogspot.com)
Health1
- The purpose of the registry is to collect information about the health of females exposed to Citalopram and their baby. (nih.gov)
