Circadian clocks. Medical search

Biological mechanism that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Circadian clocks exist in the simplest form in cyanobacteria and as more complex systems in fungi, plants, and animals. In humans the system includes photoresponsive RETINAL GANGLION CELLS and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS that acts as the central oscillator.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that contain intrinsic HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE activity and play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. Clock proteins combine with Arntl proteins to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation. This transcriptional activation also sets into motion a time-dependent feedback loop which in turn down-regulates the expression of clock proteins.

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

The physiological mechanisms that govern the rhythmic occurrence of certain biochemical, physiological, and behavioral phenomena.

Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. They combine with CLOCK PROTEINS to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation.

Flavoproteins that function as circadian rhythm signaling proteins in ANIMALS and as blue-light photoreceptors in PLANTS. They are structurally-related to DNA PHOTOLYASES and it is believed that both classes of proteins may have originated from an earlier protein that played a role in protecting primitive organisms from the cyclical exposure to UV LIGHT.

The time period of daily exposure that an organism receives from daylight or artificial light. It is believed that photoperiodic responses may affect the control of energy balance and thermoregulation.

A broad category of proteins that regulate the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM of an organism. Included here are proteins that transmit intracellular and intercellular signals in a chronological manner along with proteins that sense light and time-dependent changes in the environment such as the PHOTOPERIOD.

An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the midline in a shallow impression of the OPTIC CHIASM.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that negatively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and plays a role as a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The Nr1d1 nuclear receptor expression is cyclically-regulated by a feedback loop involving its positive regulation by CLOCK PROTEIN; BMAL1 PROTEIN heterodimers and its negative regulation by CRYPTOCHROME and PERIOD PROTEINS.

The absence of light.

A mechanism of communication with a physiological system for homeostasis, adaptation, etc. Physiological feedback is mediated through extensive feedback mechanisms that use physiological cues as feedback loop signals to control other systems.

Disruptions of the rhythmic cycle of bodily functions or activities.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Specialized cells in the invertebrates that detect and transduce light. They are predominantly rhabdomeric with an array of photosensitive microvilli. Illumination depolarizes invertebrate photoreceptors by stimulating Na+ influx across the plasma membrane.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A form-genus of spherical to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. They contain THYLAKOIDS and are found in a wide range of habitats.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A species of ascomycetous fungi of the family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, much used in biochemical, genetic, and physiologic studies.

Bouts of physical irritability or movement alternating with periods of quiescence. It includes biochemical activity and hormonal activity which may be cellular. These cycles are shorter than 24 hours and include sleep-wakefulness cycles and the periodic activation of the digestive system.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The conversion of absorbed light energy into molecular signals.

A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

DNA locations with the consensus sequence CANNTG. ENHANCER ELEMENTS may contain multiple copies of this element. E-boxes play a regulatory role in the control of transcription. They bind with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) type TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. Binding specificity is determined by the specific bHLH heterodimer or homodimer combination and by the specific nucleotides at the 3rd and 4th position of the E-box sequence.

A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain. The pineal gland secretes MELATONIN, other BIOGENIC AMINES and NEUROPEPTIDES.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions including vesicular transport, CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; CYTOKINESIS, developmental processes, and the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A chronobiologic disorder resulting from rapid travel across a number of time zones, characterized by insomnia or hypersomnolence, fatigue, behavioral symptoms, headaches, and gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Cooper, Sleep, 1994, pp593-8)

The adaptation of drug administration to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The measurement of frequency or oscillation changes.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).

A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, comprising bread molds. They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

An acetyltransferase with specificity towards the amine group of aromatic alkylamines (arylalkylamines) such as SEROTONIN. This enzyme is also referred to as serotonin acetylase despite the fact that serotonin acetylation can also occur through the action of broad specificity acetyltransferases such as ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE.

The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Seasonal suspension of insect growth development. It can be either induced by environmental cues (e.g., PHOTOPERIOD) or as a facultative part of the life cycle in order to time development with seasonal changes.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

A plant photo regulatory protein that exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by LIGHT. In response to light it moves to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates transcription of target genes. Phytochrome B plays an important role in shade avoidance and mediates plant de-etiolation in red light.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that positively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and is a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The protein also has a role in neuron cell survival and differentiation in that loss of function mutations of its gene result in the mouse phenotype referred to as the STAGGERER MOUSE.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.

Biological systems as affected by time. Aging, biological rhythms, and cyclic phenomena are included. Statistical, computer-aided mathematical procedures are used to describe, in mathematical terminology, various biological functions over time.

A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40 kDa. Several ISOENZYMES of casein kinase I have been found which are encoded by separate genes. Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Photosensitive proteins expressed in the ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of rod photoreceptor pigments such as RHODOPSIN.

Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.

Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The adaptation of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological (DRUG CHRONOTHERAPY), surgical, radiological, or physical to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes eight planets, one minor planet, and 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.

The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A plant family of the order Fagales subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

A suborder of HEMIPTERA, called true bugs, characterized by the possession of two pairs of wings. It includes the medically important families CIMICIDAE and REDUVIIDAE. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.

The primary plant photoreceptor responsible for perceiving and mediating responses to far-red light. It is a PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASE that is translocated to the CELL NUCLEUS in response to light signals.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor subtype found in LYMPHOCYTES. It binds both PACAP and VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE and regulates immune responses.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are specific for and mediate the effects of MELATONIN. Activation of melatonin receptors has been associated with decreased intracellular CYCLIC AMP and increased hydrolysis of PHOSPHOINOSITIDES.

Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS.

A form-genus of unicellular coccoid to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA, in the order Chroococcales. Three different clusters of strains from diverse habitats are included.

Circadian clock resetting in the mouse changes with age. (1/573)

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Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems: Hurdles, hype or hope? (2/573)

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Interplay between low-temperature pathways and light reduction. (3/573)

Low temperature is one of the major factors that adversely affect crop yields by causing restraints on plant growth and productivity. However, most temperate plants have the ability to acclimate to cooler temperatures. Cold acclimation is a process which increases the freezing tolerance of an organism after exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. The main trigger is a decrease in temperature levels, but light reduction has also been shown to have an important impact on acquired tolerance. Since the lowest temperatures are commonly reached during the night hours in winter time and is an annually recurring event, a favorable trait for plants is the possibility of sensing an imminent cold period. Consequently, extensive crosstalk between light- and temperature signaling pathways has been demonstrated and in this review interesting interaction points that have been previously reported in the literature are highlighted. (+info)

Heritable circadian period length in a wild bird population. (4/573)

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Circadian rhythms in gene expression: Relationship to physiology, disease, drug disposition and drug action. (5/573)

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PERsuading nuclear receptors to dance the circadian rhythm. (6/573)

The recurring light/dark cycle that has a period length of about 24 hours has been internalized in various organisms in the form of a circadian clock. This clock allows a precise orchestration of biochemical and physiological processes in the body thus improving performance. Recently, we found that the clock component PERIOD2 (PER2) can coordinate transcriptional regulation of metabolic, physiological, or behavioral pathways by interacting with nuclear receptors. PER2 appears to act as co-regulator of nuclear receptors linking clock function and transcriptional regulation at the level of protein-protein interactions. Here, we provide additional evidence for modulation of nuclear receptor dependent transcription by PER2 underscoring the broad implication of our finding. Taken together, our findings provide a base for the understanding of various disorders including mood disorders that have their roots in a temporal deregulation of basic metabolic processes. (+info)

Circadian clocks in the ovary. (7/573)

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Similarities in the circadian clock and photoperiodism in plants. (8/573)

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The circadian clock has its own set of genes.[39] Genes which may influence sleep include ABCC9,[40] DEC2,[41][42] and variants ... An organism whose circadian clock exhibits a regular rhythm corresponding to outside signals is said to be entrained; an ... The internal circadian clock is profoundly influenced by changes in light, since these are its main clues about what time it is ... Short pulses of light, at the right moment in the circadian cycle, can significantly 'reset' the internal clock.[24] Blue light ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping

Brown, S. A. & Azzi, A. (2013). "Peripheral circadian oscillators in mammals". Circadian clocks. Berlin: Springer. pp. 45-66. ... When travelling across a number of time zones, the body clock (circadian rhythm) will be out of synchronisation with the ... Melatonin receptors are situated on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the anatomical site of the circadian clock. The ... There are two separate processes related to biological timing: circadian oscillators and homeostasis. The circadian system is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag

Books Albrecht, Urs (2010). "A History of Chronobiological Concepts". The Circadian Clock. Springer New York. pp. 1-35. doi: ... Eckardt, Nancy A. (2005). "Temperature Entrainment of the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock". The Plant Cell. 17 (3): 645-647. doi: ... Since the period was shorter than 24 hours, he hypothesized that a different clock had to be responsible for the rhythm; the ... Building upon earlier work on plant circadian leaf movements contributed by such scientists as Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle

Thus, circadian control of clock controlled genes that function in cell growth control and DNA damage response may affect the ... A homolog of CLOCK plays the same role in the human clock, and CYC is replaced by BMAL1. CRY has two human homologs, CRY1 and ... The mammalian period 1 and period 2 genes play key roles in photoentrainment of the circadian clock to light pulses. This was ... Griffin EA, Staknis D, Weitz CJ (October 1999). "Light-independent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian clock". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(gene)

The molecular circadian clock of D. melanogaster can be described as a feedback loop of transcription and translation, in which ... These results demonstrated a role for BDBT in the circadian clock. When BDBT was overexpressed, Price found that the ... 2017.[1] Archived 2015-03-16 at the Wayback Machine Dunlap, JC (1999). "Molecular bases for circadian clocks". Cell. 96 (2): ... reliable phase markers for the Drosophila circadian clock. Price and Seghal mapped the mutations to chromosome 2 and termed the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_L._Price

... but both WC-1 and WC-2 are required for the circadian clock to run. Because the core of the clock is based on a rhythmic ... The White Collar Complex (WCC), the heterodimer of WC-1 and WC-2, acts as a positive element in the circadian clock. WCC serves ... Crosthwaite SK, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC (Jun 1995). "Light-induced resetting of a circadian clock is mediated by a rapid increase ... Cha J, Zhou M, Liu Y (2015). Methods to study molecular mechanisms of the Neurospora circadian clock. Methods in Enzymology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Collar-1

... which binds mammalian clock proteins CLOCK and BMAL1 involved in generating circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( ... Dunlap, J. C. (1999-01-22). "Molecular bases for circadian clocks". Cell. 96 (2): 271-290. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80566-8. ... which is an important part of the circadian system that controls the expression of clock genes. AVP has important implications ... "A molecular mechanism regulating rhythmic output from the suprachiasmatic circadian clock". Cell. 96 (1): 57-68. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVP_gene

Despite these genes being identified as necessary genes to the circadian clock, there was a variety of levels of expressions in ... July 1999). "mCRY1 and mCRY2 Are Essential Components of the Negative Limb of the Circadian Clock Feedback Loop". Cell. 98 (2 ... Dunlap, JC (January 1999). "Molecular Bases for Circadian Clocks". Cell. 96 (2): 271-290. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80566-8. ... "Role of the CLOCK Protein in the Mammalian Circadian Mechanism". Science. 280 (5369): 1564-1569. Bibcode:1998Sci...280.1564G. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall

Dickmeis T (January 2009). "Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock". The Journal of Endocrinology. 200 (1): 3-22. doi:10.1677/ ... Nicolaides NC, Charmandari E, Kino T, Chrousos GP (2017). "Stress-Related and Circadian Secretion and Target Tissue Actions of ... Chung S, Son GH, Kim K (May 2011). "Circadian rhythm of adrenal glucocorticoid: its regulation and clinical implications". ... Koch CE, Leinweber B, Drengberg BC, Blaum C, Oster H (February 2017). "Interaction between circadian rhythms and stress". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_onset_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia

Ebisawa T (February 2007). "Circadian rhythms in the CNS and peripheral clock disorders: human sleep disorders and clock genes ... CK1δ seems to be involved in the circadian rhythm, the internal cellular clock, which permits a rhythm of about 24 h. The ... Cunningham PS, Ahern SA, Smith LC, da Silva Santos CS, Wager TT, Bechtold DA (July 2016). "Targeting of the circadian clock via ... Stenvers DJ, Scheer FA, Schrauwen P, la Fleur SE, Kalsbeek A (February 2019). "Circadian clocks and insulin resistance". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNK1D

... is regulated by AVP gene expression which is managed by major clock controlled genes. In this circadian circuit ... Dunlap JC (January 1999). "Molecular bases for circadian clocks". Cell. 96 (2): 271-90. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80566-8. PMID ... "A molecular mechanism regulating rhythmic output from the suprachiasmatic circadian clock". Cell. 96 (1): 57-68. doi:10.1016/ ... Per2 subsequently inhibits the transcription factors Clock and BMAL1 in order to reduce Per2 protein levels in the cell. At the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin

Mammal circadian systems contain the Clock gene which has been shown to be closely related to dClock. Both have strikingly ... Allada R, White NE, So WV, Hall JC, Rosbash M (May 1998). "A mutant Drosophila homolog of mammalian Clock disrupts circadian ... Another essential component of this circadian clock mechanism is that the PER protein contains a PAS domain, which has been ... Dunlap JC (January 1999). "Molecular bases for circadian clocks". Cell. 96 (2): 271-90. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80566-8. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jrk

CRY1 and CRY2 act as light-independent inhibitors of CLOCK-BMAL1 components of the circadian clock. In plants, blue-light ... Therefore, CRY is involved in light perception and is an input to the circadian clock, however it is not the only input for ... This light regulation of CRY protein levels suggests that CRY has a circadian role upstream of other clock genes and components ... Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Kang TH, Reardon JT, Lee JH, Ozturk N (June 2010). "Circadian clock control of the cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochrome

Metz HS (2003). "Light and the circadian clock". J AAPOS. 7 (4): 229-30. doi:10.1016/S1091-8531(03)00119-8. PMID 12917606. Metz ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Metz

In Circadian Clocks, Jürgen Aschoff, ed. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 3-12. F. A. Brown, Jr.· The Biological Clock Phenomenon: ... The Biological Clock. Two Views. Academic Press. 1970. Frank A. Brown Jr. The "Clocks" Timing Biological Rhythms: Recent ... which was focused on the development of the endogenous and bio-chemical model of the circadian clock. Brown envisioned the ... The Living Clocks. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.pp. 259-278. Marchant, Jo (1 September 2020). "The Oysters That Knew What Time It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_A._Brown,_Jr.

Somers, DE (September 1999). "The physiology and molecular bases of the plant circadian clock". Plant Physiology. 121 (1): 9-20 ... Zordan, Mauro; Costa, Rodolfo; MacIno, Giuseppe; Fukuhara, Chiaki; Tosini, Gianluca (2000). "Circadian Clocks: What Makes Them ... presumably originating from an endogenous clock (See 'Experiment on circadian rhythms in plants' below). In 1731, he also ... A video showing circadian rhythms in a cucumber plant in constant conditions, similar to what de Mairan observed, can be seen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_d'Ortous_de_Mairan

The change in the phenotype can be a result of genetic modification of circadian clock gene, high fat diet, disruption of the ... Eckel-Mahan, Kristin; Sassone-Corsi, Paolo (2016-11-13). "Metabolism and the Circadian Clock Converge". Physiological Reviews. ... The changes in the light/dark cycle of laboratories can alter their circadian rhythm which can affect their metabolism. Besides ... circadian cycle by changes in light and dark cycle, or a combination of all the factors. Further research is required to find ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet-induced_obesity_model

This clock is what is referred to as the body's circadian rhythm and it naturally is responsive to light. Melatonin levels ... "What is Circadian Rhythm / Body Clock?". Sleep.org. Retrieved 9 November 2019. Wilkin, David Anderson, Rebecca. "What staring ... The light screens emit are in a similar spectrum of sunlight, but the blue light emission is what human circadian rhythms are ... Dark therapy Delayed sleep phase disorder f.lux Light effects on circadian rhythm Night Shift (software) Red Moon (software) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_time

She has also worked to describe circadian clocks in mutant or model genetic organisms lacking clear circadian phenotypes. ... Merrow is well known for her work on the entrainment of circadian clocks in both humans and the fungus Neurospora crassa. ... Her career focuses primarily on investigating the molecular and genetic mechanisms of the circadian clock. Since joining the ... The group attempts to improve health through an understanding of circadian clocks and their entrainment. This consortium has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Merrow

Stenvers DJ, Scheer FA, Schrauwen P, la Fleur SE, Kalsbeek A (February 2019). "Circadian clocks and insulin resistance" (PDF). ... A mismatch between the circadian rhythm and the meals schedule, such as in circadian rhythm disorders, may increase insulin ... Chronic Somogyi rebound Hyperinsulinemia Resistin Chronic stress Systemic inflammation Circadian rhythm disruption Advanced ... Studies have consistently shown that there is a link between insulin resistance and circadian rhythm, with insulin sensitivity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_resistance

"What is Circadian Rhythm / Body Clock?". Sleep.org. Retrieved 2019-11-09. "Body Clock & Sleep - National Sleep Foundation". www ... Circadian rhythm is our bodies' system that internally monitors and regulates sleep and waking hours in a 24 hour period. ... Melatonin is a hormone that controls the sleep-wake cycle of the circadian rhythm. This reduction of the amount of melatonin ... Naps should be 60 to 90 minutes for the greatest benefits but any longer may result in affecting a person's circadian rhythm. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation_in_higher_education

"Circadian Clocks" (2015), and "Biological Clocks - In Reference to Suprachiasmatic Nucleus" (2017). Honma has also been ... This initial work brought-up some hypothesis about the role of feeding in entraining the circadian clock, as well as the ways ... Then, Ken-Ichi Honma focused his work on uncovering the structure of the circadian clock. During that time one of the key ... "Circadian Oscillation of BMAL1,a Partner of a Mammalian Clock GeneClock,in Rat Suprachiasmatic Nucleus." Biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken-Ichi_Honma

WC-1 and WC-2 are analogous to Bmal and Clock proteins in the Mouse and Drosophila circadian systems in their positive ... Since then, Neurospora has become a model organism for studying circadian clocks and rhythms. WC-1 was first discovered from a ... Collett, Michael A.; Dunlap, Jay C.; Loros, Jennifer J. (2017-04-14). "Circadian Clock-Specific Roles for the Light Response ... Both the Clock Box and PLRE are involved in achieving maximal light induction, and the Clock Box is essential for maintaining ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Collar-2

This gene regulates the circadian clock and a variant of it was found in families that demonstrated advanced sleep-phase ... "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429-438. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. ISSN 1087- ... As circadian rhythm is independent of the number of hours of sleep a person needs, Roenneberg calculates the rhythm based on ... Forced to arise earlier than their circadian rhythm dictates, they have a low body temperature and may require a few hours to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lark_(person)

Roenneberg, Till; Merrow, Martha (23 May 2016). "The Circadian Clock and Human Health". Current Biology. 26 (10): R432-R443. ... "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429-438. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. ISSN 1087- ... Night owls who work the night shift may work in emergency services, in transportation, or at round-the-clock facilities, such ... While it has been suggested that circadian rhythms may change over time, including dramatic changes that turn a morning lark to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_owl_(person)

Satter, R.L., Schrempf, M., Chaudhri, J. and Galston, A.W. (1977). Phytochrome and circadian clocks in Samanea. Rhythmic ... Mayer, E.-W., Flach, D., Raju, M.V.S., Starrach, N. and Wiech, E. (1985) Mechanics of circadian pulvini movements in Phaseolus ... In this plant, daily leaf movements are influenced by two main factors: an endogenous circadian oscillator and light-induced ... Kiyosawa, K. (1979) Unequal distribution of potassium and anions within the Phaseolus pulvinus during circadian leaf movement. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraheliotropism

Johnson, C.H.; Hastings, J.W. (1986). "The elusive mechanism of the circadian clock". American Scientist. 74 (1): 29-36. ... clock". J. Exp. Biol. 97: 121-136. PMID 7201003. Dunlap, J.; Hastings, J.W. (1981). "The biological clock in Gonyaulax. ... early evidence of the molecular mechanisms of circadian clock regulation in organisms (first using dinoflagellate luminescence ... and was one of the founders of the field of circadian biology (the study of circadian rhythms, or the sleep-wake cycle). He was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Woodland_Hastings

"Fractal Dimension of the Drosophila Circadian Clock". Fractals. 19 (4): 423-430. doi:10.1142/S0218348X11005476. "Hunting the ... Modeled fractals may be sounds, digital images, electrochemical patterns, circadian rhythms, etc. Fractal patterns have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal

CLOCK is a circadian rhythm master regulator that functions with BMAL1 to carry out its HAT activity. Three important nuclear ... Doi M, Hirayama J, Sassone-Corsi P (May 2006). "Circadian regulator CLOCK is a histone acetyltransferase". Cell. 125 (3): 497- ... The HAT activities of the human TAFII250 and CLOCK coactivators have not been studied as extensively. TAFII250 is one of the ... These include p300/CBP, nuclear receptor coactivators (e.g., ACTR/SRC-1), TAFII250, TFIIIC, Rtt109, and CLOCK. p300/CBP are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_acetyltransferase

In those days, nothing was known about the molecular mechanism of circadian clocks in any system. She had been trained as a ... Cryptoproteins regulate the circadian clocks of plants, insects, and mammals in different ways. Green has worked extensively ... Besharse hired her as a postdoctoral student in his lab and she has been studying circadian clocks ever since. Green is married ... The general focus of the Green Lab is to understand the molecular mechanism of the mammalian circadian clock and how it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Green

"Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder" (PDF). American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08- ... Blind people may use talking equipment such as thermometers, watches, clocks, scales, calculators, and compasses. They may also ... a condition in which a person's circadian rhythm, normally slightly longer than 24 hours, is not entrained (synchronized) to ... "Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidence and clinical significance". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

This discovery solidified doubletime as a necessary part of the circadian clock.[18] ... "Light-induced degradation of TIMELESS and entrainment of the Drosophila circadian clock". Science. 271 (5256): 1736-1740. doi: ... Following the discovery of per, the Young lab looked for additional circadian genes. In late 1980s, Amita Sehgal, Jeff Price, ... The location and composition of these clocks were unknown, and this sparked Michael Young's interest at an early age.[6] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Young

According to molecular clock dating, these two suborder primate branches parted ways about 63 to 60 million years ago.[143] ... It has been observed that while serum or blood plasma concentrations follow a circadian rhythm or reflect short-term dietary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

When those patterns are disrupted, they disrupt the natural circadian cycle. Circadian disruption may lead to numerous health ... entering the eye that affects the human body's clock. ... The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark ... "A new approach to understanding the impact of circadian disruption on human health". J Circadian Rhythms. 6: 7. doi:10.1186/ ... In order to specifically measure the amount of light entering the eye, personal circadian light meter called the Daysimeter has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_lighting

Cryptochromes absorb blue light and UV-A. Cryptochromes entrain the circadian clock to light.[6] It has been found that both ... with the rhythms of the circadian clock that allows plants to measure the length of the night. Other than flowering, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiod

Dibner C, Schibler U, Albrecht U (2010). "The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and ... peripheral clocks". Annual Review of Physiology. 72: 517-49. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821. PMID 20148687. ... ACTH is also related to the circadian rhythm in many organisms.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone

... including several that are involved in controlling circadian rhythm, such as CLOCK.[8] The groups led by James Lupski (Baylor ... 2001). "Inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome". J Pediatr. 139 (1): 111-116. doi:10.1067 ... results in disruption of CLOCK gene transcription and reveals an integral role for RAI1 in the maintenance of circadian ... due to an inverted circadian rhythm of melatonin.[4] ... improve sleep and behavioural disturbances in a circadian ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith–Magenis_syndrome

"Jet lag and shift work sleep disorders: How to help reset the internal clock". www.mdedge.com. Retrieved 2019-06-24.. ... Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness ... Brain arousal is stimulated by the circadian system during the day and sleep is usually stimulated at night.[13] The rhythms ... To maximize a delay of the body clock, bright light exposure should occur in the evening or first part of the night, and bright ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_work_sleep_disorder

Galison, Peter (2003). Einstein's clocks, Poincaré's maps: Empires of time. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02001-0.. ... All clocks within each zone would be set to the same time as the others, but differed by one hour from those in the neighboring ... Greenwich Mean Time, where all clocks in Britain were set to the same time, was established to solve this problem. Chronometers ... Prior to the introduction of standard time, each municipality throughout the civilized world set its official clock, if it had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time

... of melatonin shift the circadian clock earlier, thus promoting earlier sleep onset and morning awakening.[68] In humans, 90% of ... it will shift the phase of the human circadian clock (sleep, endogenous melatonin, core body temperature, cortisol) to earlier ... Circadian rhythmEdit. In animals, melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Human infants' ... Lewis, Alan (1999). Melatonin and the Biological Clock. McGraw-Hill. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-87983-734-1.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin

ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • ... 1998). "Disruption of retinoid-related orphan receptor beta changes circadian behavior, causes retinal degeneration and leads ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAR-srodni_orfan_receptor_beta

Delezie J; Challet E (2011). "Interactions between metabolism and circadian clocks: reciprocal disturbances". Ann N Y Acad Sci ... The circadian phase is relatively fixed in humans; attempting to shift it so that an individual is alert during the circadian ... Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of ... A clock-based device for recording workers' working hours, from the beginning of 20 century. Exhibit of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_work

Modeling of a human circadian mutation yields insights into clock regulation by PER2. Cell. 2007 Jan 12; 128(1):59-70. ... "A circadian sleep disorder reveals complexity in the clock". Cell. 128 (1): 22-23. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.024. ISSN 0092- ... This results in quicker suppression of the hPer2 gene transcription, shortening the individual's circadian period and leading ... Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome: a short period circadian rhythm variant in humans. Nat Med. 1999;5:1062-1065. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Ptáček

"Orchestrated Transcription of Key Pathways in Arabidopsis by the Circadian Clock". Science. 290 (5499): 2110-2113. doi:10.1126/ ... Floral scent emissions of most flowering plants vary predictably throughout the day, following a circadian rhythm. This ... "Regulation of Circadian Methyl Benzoate Emission in Diurnally and Nocturnally Emitting Plants". The Plant Cell. 13 (10): 2333- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_scent

... phase shifts of the circadian biological clock through increases in cAMP production". Neuropharmacology 46 (1): 52-62. PMID ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-OH-DPAT

"Antennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies". Science. 325 (5948): 1700-1704 ... Antennal clocks exist in monarchs, and they are likely to provide the primary timing mechanism for sun compass orientation.[13] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_

... it will shift the phase of the human circadian clock (sleep, endogenous melatonin, core body temperature, cortisol) to earlier ...

https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelenjar_pineal

"The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circadian cocaine sensitization in mice ... "Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (26): 9377-81. doi ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/கோக்கைன்

Other examples include Central and peripheral circadian clocks,[14] and central versus peripheral vision.[15] ... "Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Mammals". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 35: 445-462. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_side

Leon Kreitzman; Russell G. Foster (2004). Rhythms of life: the biological clocks that control the daily lives of every living ... Russell Grant Foster, CBE, FRS FMedSci (born 1959)[1] is a British professor of circadian neuroscience, the Director of the ... The Biological Clocks that Control the Daily Lives of Every Living Thing[14][15] and Seasons of Life: The Biological Rhythms ... Foster hypothesized that circadian photoreception occurs with a small number of cones without an outer layer or that an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Foster

6-hour clock (Italian). *6-hour clock (Thai). *12-hour clock. *24-hour clock ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year

Antle, MC; Silver, R. Orchestrating time: arrangements of the brain circadian clock (PDF). Trends in Neurosciences. 2005, 28 (3 ... Konopka, RJ; Benzer, S. Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1971, 68 (9): 2112-6. PMC ... An unusual coding sequence from a Drosophila clock gene is conserved in vertebrates. Nature. 1985, 317 (6036): 445-8. PMID ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/腦

Dallaspezia S, Benedetti F (December 2009). "Melatonin, circadian rhythms, and the clock genes in bipolar disorder". Curr ... Both mania and depression are characterized by disruptions in normal mood, psychomotor activity, circadian rhythm, and ... Circadian rhythms and regulation of the hormone melatonin also seem to be altered.[74] ... "Circadian Rhythm Hypotheses of Mixed Features, Antidepressant Treatment Resistance, and Manic Switching in Bipolar Disorder" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_Disorder

Physiological and molecular characteristics of plant circadian clocks. Mol biol of circadian rhythms. A. Sehgal. Hoboken, John ... Signs of the time: environmental input to the circadian clock. *↑ Farré EM, Harmer SL, Harmon FG, Yanovsky MJ, Kay SA. 2005. ... Signs of the time: environmental input to the circadian clock. J Exp Bot, 53, 1535-1550. Devlin, P. F. 2002. ... Overlapping and distinct roles of PRR7 and PRR9 in the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Current Biology 15: 47-54. PMID: 15649364 ...

https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomorfoģenēze

In some diver training courses for these types of diving, divers are taught to plan and monitor what is called the oxygen clock ... Hof, DG; Dexter, JD; Mengel, CE (1971). "Effect of circadian rhythm on CNS oxygen toxicity". Aerospace Medicine. 42 (12): 1293- ... the diver obtains more time on the oxygen clock by diving at a shallower depth, by breathing a less oxygen-rich gas, or by ... Sensitivity to central nervous system oxygen toxicity has been shown to be affected by factors such as circadian rhythm, drugs ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity

"Simple sequence repeats provide a substrate for phenotypic variation in the Neurospora crassa circadian clock". PLoS ONE. 2 (8 ... control the duration of its circadian clock cycles.[32] Effects on gene regulation[edit]. Length changes of microsatellites ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_tandem_repeats

Coordination between circadian and metabolic signaling within the hypothalamus is essential for an adequate temperature control ... The balance between the releases of neuropeptides derived from the biological clock and from a metabolic sensory organ as the ... It's known that mammals have a circadian rhythm in body temperature (Tb) that depend on the integrity of the suprachiasmatic ... These observations show that brain areas involved in circadian and metabolic functions of the body need to interact to produce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_preoptic_nucleus

This clock is found in a wide range of fly cells, but the clock-bearing cells that control activity are several dozen neurons ... Circadian rhythms are also subject to developmental plasticity. Light conditions during development affect daily activity ... In 1971, Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer published "Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster", a paper describing the first ... Young for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm". Nobelprize.org. 2 October 2017. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster

Variation in circadian clocks[edit]. While a precise 24-hour circadian clock is found in many organisms, it is not universal. ... Plant clocks[edit]. The circadian clock in plants has completely different components to those in the animal, fungus or ... A circadian clock, or circadian oscillator, is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized ... Mammalian clocks[edit]. Selective gene knockdown of known components of the human circadian clock demonstrates both active ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_clock

... but blogging audience forces me to occasionally look into human clocks from a medical perspective. ... You probably realize by now that my expertise is in clocks and calendars of birds, ... Molecular Mechanism of Circadian Rhythm Generation in Mammals. Let me now try to explain how the mammalian circadian clock ... Clocks and Bipolar Disorder. This is an interesting short review about the link between the circadian clock and the manic/ ...

https://scienceblogs.com/clock/2009/07/06/lithium-circadian-clocks-and-b-3

If you ever glanced at the circadian literature, you have probably encountered the statement that circadian rhythms are ... Clocks in Bacteria III: Evolution of Clocks in Cyanobacteria, Clocks in Bacteria IV: Clocks in other bacteria, Clocks in ... Circadian Clocks in Microorganisms, Clocks in Bacteria I: Synechococcus elongatus, Clocks in Bacteria II: Adaptive Function of ... Clocks in Bacteria IV: Clocks in other bacteria. Fourth in the five-part series on clocks in bacteria (from April 30, 2006): ...

https://scienceblogs.com/clock/2009/05/28/yes-archaea-also-have-circadia

Hot nights confuse circadian clocks in rice, hurting crop yields Peer-Reviewed Publication North Carolina State University ... Hot nights confuse circadian clocks in rice, hurting crop yields. North Carolina State University ... And what researchers have learned is that the clock responsible for regulating all of that activity gets messed up when the ... "Essentially, we found that warmer nights throw the rice plants internal clock out of whack," says Colleen Doherty, an ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/597595

However, FRP or clock-null mutations of circadian clock genes in Drosophila (per) or Neurospora (frq) do not obviously impair ... The Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis Roots Is a Simplified Slave Version of the Clock in Shoots ... The circadian clock controls the expression pattern of the circadian input photoreceptor, phytochrome B ... Quinone sensing by the circadian input kinase of the cyanobacterial circadian clock ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/95/15/8660

Compelling evidence points toward a tight intertwining between circadian rhythms and metabolism. Circadian clocks play a major ... The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a central pacemaker in the brain that synchronizes subsidiary oscillators in ... Concomitantly, clocks are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and respond to feeding cycles. Our overarching goal is to ... While the brains master clock is entrained by daily light-dark cycles, feeding time appears to be the dominant timing cue for ...

http://www.weizmann.ac.il/Biomolecular_Sciences/Asher/

The circadian clock has an internally driven 24-hour rhythm that tends to run longer than 24 hours but resets every day by the ... Circadian Rhythms and Circadian Clock. Circadian Rhythms. *Are internally driven cycles that rise and fall during the 24-hour ... Circadian Clock. The circadian clock has an internally driven 24-hour rhythm that tends to run longer than 24 hours but resets ... The master circadian clock in the brain (see Figure 2) synchronizes and controls these cycles so they work together. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/longhourstraining/clock.html

The molecular mechanisms of the clock are being studied at the biochemical and genomic levels. ... Joseph Takahashi is interested in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of circadian rhythms as well as other complex ... The Clock mutation lengthens circadian period by 4 hours in homozygous mutants, followed by a complete loss of circadian ... Molecular Mechanism of the Clock. The circadian clock in mammals is composed of an autoregulatory transcriptional network with ...

https://www.hhmi.org/research/molecular-and-genetic-analysis-mammalian-circadian-clocks

A new study now shows that a central clock governs the circadian rhythms in certain cases. ... Whether and how these clocks are connected with each other is still a largely open question. ... Multiple biological clocks control the daily rhythms of physiology and behavior in animals and humans. ... Rather, most organisms have a multitude of circadian clocks: a central clock in the brain and various peripheral clocks in the ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/uow-hcc053017.php

This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. It examines how biological rhythms ... Mammalian Circadian Clocks and Metabolism: Navigating Nutritional Challenges in a Rhythmic World ... This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. It examines how biological rhythms ... this book serves as a guide for physicians and scientists who wish to learn more about the impact of circadian rhythms on ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-3450-8

Most clocks use the light-dark cycle as environmental signal (zeitgeber) for this active synchronisation. How we... ... The circadian clock can only reliably fulfil its function if it is stably entrained. ... Light and the Human Circadian Clock. In: Kramer A., Merrow M. (eds) Circadian Clocks. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, ... The circadian clock can only reliably fulfil its function if it is stably entrained. Most clocks use the light-dark cycle as ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-25950-0_13

Circadian clock cryptochrome proteins regulate autoimmunity. Qi Cao, Xuan Zhao, Jingwen Bai, Sigal Gery, Haibo Sun, De-Chen Lin ... C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, C6, Fcgr3, and Fcgr4 were down-regulated, and circadian clock genes Per2, Per3, Nr1d1, and Nr1d2 were up- ... 2012) Circadian expression of clock genes in mouse macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Brain Behav Immun 26:407-413. ... indicating that the intrinsic circadian clock regulates inflammatory innate immune functions (11). The circadian oscillations ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/114/47/12548.long

Further clues into the regulation of circadian clocks are the subject of two reports. In plants and insects, cryptochromes ( ... In Drosophila, three of the critical clock genes, period (per), timeless (tim), and Drosophila Clock (dClk), are expressed ... role of CRY1 and light-independent role of CRY1 and light-iIndependent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian clock. ... show that CRY1 and CRY2 play a central role in the mammal clock, but in a light-independent fashion--they appear to regulate ...

http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/1999/5/tw7

Purchase Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part B, Volume 552 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780128033807, ... Part IV: Circadian Rhythms in Humans *Chapter Eleven: Measuring Circadian Clock Function in Human Cells *Abstract ... Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part B, Volume 552 1st Edition. 0 star rating Write a review ... Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part A and Part B is an exceptional resource for anybody interested in the general area ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/circadian-rhythms-and-biological-clocks-part-b/sehgal/978-0-12-803380-7

... in the brain has a master circadian clock that manages cells, many of which have their own molecular clocks. ... According to the Cleveland Clinic, the circadian rhythm, otherwise known as the "internal body clock," manages the body´s 24- ... This study is the first to definitively prove that the body´s circadian biological clock controls insulin activity. ... The researchers used different approaches to disrupt the circadian clocks of individual mice. Measurements were taken at ...

https://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112789435/fighting-your-biological-clock-can-have-health-consequences-022213

... circadian rhythm -- is a lot harder than resetting a wristwatch or clocks, a U.S. researchers said. ... BETHESDA, Md., March 10 (UPI) -- Resetting the human biological clock -- circadian rhythm -- is a lot harder than resetting a ... A "master clock" keeps everything in synch. In vertebrates, including people, the master clock is located in the brain -- the ... Upsetting the CLOCK-SI RT1 equilibrium can lead to sleep disruption and increased hunger and if the proteins remain chronically ...

https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2012/03/10/Circadian-rhythm-reset-harder-than-clock/66621331423684/?ur3=1

... body clocks) present in different parts of the body determine when and how much energy must be supplied by mitochondria (the ... Circadian Rhythm may Help Regulate Inflammatory Diseases. Controlling of the circadian rhythm or biological clock may help ... Relationship between circadian clock and energy production The scientists also showed that the mitochondrial network loses its ... Study Identifies How Internal Circadian Clocks Encode External Daily Rhythms of Excitability. A mechanism through which ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/how-our-circadian-clocks-regulate-energy-metabolism-177702-1.htm

... to those who are pursuing a career in any of the life sciences as well as anyone who has run up against their biological clock. ... Circadian clocks serve to orchestrate physiology and metabolism in a coordinated way over the course of the day. Therefore, ... 6.2 The consequences of living against the clock11m. 6.3 Circadian changes and Pathologies - comorbidities or causal factors 3m ... We will discuss the elaborate molecular mechanisms that allow circadian clocks to produce their daily rhythms and to ...

https://www.coursera.org/learn/circadian-clocks

All current models of the molecular circadian clockwork in eukaryotic cells are based on transcription-translation feedback ... clocks are fundamentally important for coordinated physiology in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria and humans. ... Circadian clocks in human red blood cells Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature09702. ... Circadian (∼24 hour) clocks are fundamentally important for coordinated physiology in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21270888/?dopt=Abstract

... 25.09.2015. A circadian clock is not mandatory for living beings to adapt their activities to a ... The circadian clock sets the pace. Nevertheless, clockless fruit flies do show some behavioural differences. The clock seems to ... But this view of circadian clocks as central mechanisms that drive circadian rhythms was recently challenged. Scientists had ... And ideally its circadian clock will make the animal stop its activities before it is dark the next day. ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/circadian-clock-not-essential.html

Circadian clock molecules in flies. The expression of circadian timing in individual neurones shows that it is not an emergent ... Circadian clock molecules in mammals. Studies in mammals have advanced our understanding of the clock mechanism in two ways. ... Circadian clock molecules in drosophila. Early cycle: Expression of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) is ... hence circadian (approximately a day). Notwithstanding this inaccuracy, the circadian clock is extremely robust. It is capable ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/317/7174/1704?ijkey=d42c0aeb5ed8914e01a6b040541ca746037e3fc4&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The kidneys contain a circadian clock that plays a key role in levels of certain blood components - such as lipids and amino ... Kidneys circadian clock regulates drug disposition, blood component levels. Published Friday 8 April 2016 Published Fri 8 Apr ... "Kidneys circadian clock regulates drug disposition, blood component levels." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 8 Apr. ... The circadian clock is the bodys natural time-keeping mechanism, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. It ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/308808.php

Identify circadian-based phenotypes that stratify/predict pulmonary disease risk, severity, and subtype.. Circadian clock genes ... Research is needed to determine whether dysregulation of the circadian clock, and clock-controlled pathways contributes to lung ... The circadian clock is a highly conserved genomic system present in the brain and virtually every peripheral tissue, ... Examine whether time-of-day (i.e. circadian phase) and clock-coupled pathways mediate the effects of environmental exposures (e ...

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/events/2014/circadian-clocks-influence-lung-health

... to pathogenic invasion is controlled by circadian rhythms, researchers found. ... Circadian Clock Times Immune Response. The molecular response of an organism -- be it mouse or man -- to pathogenic invasion is ... To examine the influence of the circadian clock on immunity at the molecular level, Fikrigs group conducted a series of murine ... Source Reference: Silver A, et al "The circadian clock controls tool-like receptor 9-mediated innate and adaptive immunity" ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/vaccines/31235

One clock followed the artificially short 11-hr. day/11-hr. night schedule, while the other followed a longer cycle (>24 hrs ... In mammals, the endogenous daily pacemaker that regulates circadian rhythms like sleep and wakefulness is localized to a ... a regimen that effectively pushes the limits of the SCN s ability to set the clock to day length - researchers have discovered ... that underlies the workings of the circadian timing system. In humans, some of the symptoms arising from jet lag or rotating ...

https://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-28753.html

Circadian clocks provide a competitive advantage in an environment that is heavily influenced by the rotation of the Earth, by ... Photosynthetic entrainment of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock.. Haydon MJ1, Mielczarek O, Robertson FC, Hubbard KE, ... The production of sugars by photosynthesis is a key metabolic output of the circadian clock in plants. Here we show that these ... Circadian clocks comprise transcription-translation feedback loops, which are entrained by environmental signals such as light ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153186?dopt=Abstract

Circadian-controlled gene oscillations in adipose tissues.. The presence of active circadian clocks in BAT, iWAT, and eWAT was ... the expression of Clock did not follow a consistent circadian pattern in any of these tissues. Others have shown that Clock ... Characterization of Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Adipose Tissues. Sanjin Zvonic, Andrey A. Ptitsyn, Steven A. Conrad, L. ... Characterization of Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Adipose Tissues. Sanjin Zvonic, Andrey A. Ptitsyn, Steven A. Conrad, L. ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/55/4/962

... where we find out about the Body Clock! We discover the constant chemical cascade that keeps your clock in check, and how not ... seeing the sun leads to S.A.D. We probe the plant clock to explore how trees tell the time, and why even plants can suffer from ... This is presumably some kind of clock phenomenon?. Russell - It seems to be associated with a clock. A bit of background on SAD ... 36:51 - Plants have Body Clocks too!. We know our body clocks control when we need to eat, sleep and perform other important ...

https://www.thenakedscientists.com/podcasts/naked-scientists/body-clocks-and-circadian-rhythms

Per3 period circadian clock 3 [Mus musculus] Per3 period circadian clock 3 [Mus musculus]. Gene ID:18628 ... period circadian protein homolog 3. Names. circadian clock protein PERIOD 3. period homolog 3. ... Circadian rhythm, organism-specific biosystemCircadian rhythm is an internal biological clock, which enables to sustain an ... Circadian rhythm, conserved biosystemCircadian rhythm is an internal biological clock, which enables to sustain an ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/18628

In 2017, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Jeffrey C. Hall , Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm" in fruit flies. (wikipedia.org)
The circadian clock has an internally driven 24-hour rhythm that tends to run longer than 24 hours but resets every day by the sun's light/dark cycle. (cdc.gov)
It has been shown long ago that circadian rhythm disturbances are both causes and symptoms of bipolar disorder. (scienceblogs.com)
Researchers from Vanderbilt University recently found that disruptions in the body´s circadian rhythm are associated with increased risks of developing obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. (redorbit.com)
According to the Cleveland Clinic , the circadian rhythm, otherwise known as the "internal body clock," manages the body´s 24-hour cycle of biological processes and is found in both plants and animals. (redorbit.com)
The team of investigators utilized mice, as their circadian rhythm mirrors that of humans. (redorbit.com)
When given the protein that normally comes from the missing gene, the circadian rhythm was re-established thus lowering insulin resistance. (redorbit.com)
BETHESDA, Md., March 10 (UPI) -- Resetting the human biological clock -- circadian rhythm -- is a lot harder than resetting a wristwatch or clocks, a U.S. researchers said. (upi.com)
In the presence of a normal day-and-night rhythm, as occurs in nature, a functioning peripheral clock alone is sufficient to sustain hatching in the early morning. (eurekalert.org)
The results: When both clocks run more slowly, the "hatching rhythm" increases from normally 24 hours to over 27. (eurekalert.org)
One such is circadian rhythm, which influences biological systems through neuroendocrine signaling according to the intensity of light. (medpagetoday.com)
A new research has found that how exactly the 24 hour circadian rhythm regulates energy metabolism in the body. (medindia.net)
The scientists also showed that the mitochondrial network loses its rhythm if the circadian clock is impaired, which causes a decline in energy production in the cells. (medindia.net)
Similarly, pharmacologically or genetically impairing the Drp1 fission protein upsets the energy production rhythm, which in turn affects the rhythm of the circadian clock. (medindia.net)
Controlling of the circadian rhythm or biological clock may help reduce the severity of inflammatory diseases - peritoneal inflammation and fulminant hepatitis. (medindia.net)
Disruptions to circadian rhythm can alter the appetite and sleep patterns for days-and even contribute to conditions like heart disease, sleep disorders and cancers. (medindia.net)
The circadian rhythm that quietly pulses inside us all, guiding our daily cycle from sleep to wakefulness and back to sleep again, may be doing much more than just that simple metronomic task, according to Stanford researchers. (stanford.edu)
What I thought was happening was that our animals were having chronically high levels of GABA because they had lost their circadian rhythm," Ruby said. (stanford.edu)
Organisms throughout the phylogenetic tree display some form of circadian rhythm. (diabetesjournals.org)
Inhibiting proteasome function leads to a circadian rhythm with a longer period. (wikipedia.org)
The circadian clock has evolved to consist of multiple interlocking transcriptional feedback loops (at least in eukaryotes), which generate the 24 h rhythm even under constant environmental conditions. (nature.com)
They first show that cytosolic signaling molecule cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose ( cADPR ) is regulated by the clock and is responsible for the previously reported circadian rhythm in intracellular calcium. (nature.com)
The circadian clock, or circadian rhythm, is a natural process in the body that regulates sleep/wake cycles, which repeats about every 24 hours. (dailymail.co.uk)
Circadian clocks allow organisms to display behaviors and processes with a 24-hour rhythm even in the absence of light input. (sciencemag.org)
It's less likely that you've shoved your plant in a dark closet and checked in on it throughout the day, but if you had you'd have noticed that it keeps up this behavior, caused by its circadian rhythm, even in the absence of sunlight. (asbmb.org)
Circadian rhythm is a molecular dance that runs on a roughly 24-hour clock - slightly longer and shorter in some organisms -affecting a vast number of physiological systems. (asbmb.org)
Over the past two decades, researchers the world over have continued to probe the feedback loop that maintains the circadian rhythm and the cycle's effects on numerous aspects of human physiology, including wound healing, cardioprotection, chemotherapy and pharmacology . (asbmb.org)
This year, the Nobel Committee awarded its prize for physiology or medicine to American chronobiologists Michael W. Young , Jeffrey C. Hall and Michael Rosbash for their seminal work in the 1980s and '90s uncovering the molecular mechanisms that drive the circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster, or fruit flies. (asbmb.org)
After Hall, Rosbash and Young isolated and cloned the first gene that was found to be essential for circadian rhythm in 1984, its function remained unclear for a number of years. (asbmb.org)
This gene codes for a protein, PER, that maintains the circadian rhythm by a negative feedback loop in which the protein accumulates in an organism's cellular cytoplasm at night and moves to the nucleus shortly before the organism wakes up, where it inhibits its own synthesis. (asbmb.org)
Although further study will be necessary for practical application, their findings have potential in creating a new diet menu for patients with non-communicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes, as well as chronotherapeutic agents for patients with circadian rhythm disorders, shift work, and those suffering from jet lag. (waseda.jp)
The results from a series of studies have demonstrated the importance of normal circadian action for maintaining health in people and the disruption of circadian rhythm, which can have adverse effects on metabolic function. (diabetesjournals.org)
Disruption of central or peripheral circadian rhythms can cause an increase in food intake and obesity, which in turn can affect central and peripheral circadian rhythm activity and directly impair metabolic function. (diabetesjournals.org)
A circadian rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological or behavioral processes of living entities, including plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria (see bacterial circadian rhythms). (medicalxpress.com)
Based on the recent part about circadian rhythm being affected by breast milk, would that then mean your circadian rhythm could be heavily affected by your mother (even moreso than genetics would suggest)? (reddit.com)
A complete cycle of awake/sleep of course matches the circadian rhythm for all animals, including humans. (reddit.com)
Most individuals will follow, roughly, a 24-hour circadian rhythm when exposed to such a free-run setting. (news-medical.net)
You can thank your body's clock, or your circadian rhythm, for those sleep-wake cues. (menshealth.com)
Researchers found that the UPR and circadian rhythm are linked together to lead the clockwork of the cell and also that cancer cells use the UPR to manipulate the circadian clock in ways that allow them to survive conditions that are toxic to normal cells. (dailyexcelsior.com)
A circadian rhythm is a roughly 24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings. (dailyexcelsior.com)
As it does, it regulates the expression of major circadian rhythm genes. (dailyexcelsior.com)
Myc-driven tumours lost circadian rhythm, whereas normal cells maintained it. (dailyexcelsior.com)
aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythm. (waset.org)
Also, high quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, or theoretical work in all areas of Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythm are cordially invited for presentation at the conference. (waset.org)
ICBCCR 2020 has teamed up with the Special Journal Issue on Biological Clocks and Circadian Rhythm . (waset.org)
3 These findings suggest that skeletal muscle homeostasis might be disturbed not only by a lack of exercise and low intake of dietary protein but also by the disruption of circadian rhythm circumstances such as continuous night work, shift work, lack of sleep, and jet lag. (dovepress.com)
Several observations suggest that they synchronise their development with the daily rhythm of the hosts, yet there is no evidence for a circadian clock being operational in the parasite. (nwo.nl)
The clock gene polymorphisms were tested for associations with diurnal preference and circadian rhythm sleep disorder (CRSD) phenotypes. (nature.com)
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs) are defined by persistent or recurrent disturbed sleep-wake cycles and comprise several subtypes: advanced sleep phase type (ASPT), delayed sleep phase type (DSPT) and free-running type (FRT). (nature.com)
The circadian or inner clock coordinates the sleep-wake rhythm and many other body processes that regulate, for example, metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune system. (phys.org)
A research team led by Professor Eva Wolf, recently appointed Professor of Structural Biology at the Institute of General Botany of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) and Adjunct Director at the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), has for the first time identified the molecular structure of a protein complex that plays an important role in regulating the circadian rhythm. (phys.org)
In addition to regulating circadian rhythm, these also control glucose homeostasis and blood sugar levels. (phys.org)
When the clock was broken in fat cells, the Penn investigators found that this hypothalamic rhythm was disrupted to favor food consumption at the time of inappropriate intake -- daytime in mice, nighttime in humans. (anabolicminds.com)
Tumor cells use the unfolded protein response to alter circadian rhythm, which contributes to more tumor growth, Hollings Cancer Center researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) find. (medicalxpress.com)
Yet it was not clear exactly how cancer cells were able to use UPR activity to influence circadian rhythm . (medicalxpress.com)
First, as they knew, the UPR is altered in tumors, and second, cells establish a circadian rhythm to regulate metabolism by producing levels of certain proteins that rise and fall in coordination with natural cycles of light and dark. (medicalxpress.com)
Third, other scientists had observed that circadian rhythm is altered in tumor cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Since protein production is tied to circadian rhythm, Diehl's group asked if misfolded proteins might change circadian rhythm in cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Next, the group found that the UPR functions much like a "middleman" between light-dark cycles and the ability of cells to establish a circadian rhythm from those cycles. (medicalxpress.com)
This is the first study showing that human cancer suppresses circadian rhythm by controlling protein synthesis through Bmal1. (medicalxpress.com)
The first report regarding the influence of a clock gene associated with a circadian rhythm phenotype in humans appeared in 1998. (scielo.br)
Deleting the circadian rhythm-associated BMAL1 gene in animal models, researchers discovered tissue continued to follow a 24-hour rhythm, even in the absence of external stimuli that can influence the cycle. (neurosciencenews.com)
Light is the main stimulus that helps the circadian clock, and thus circadian rhythms, keep a synchronized rhythm with the 24-hour day. (topbulb.com)
however, KaiB mutations distal from the binding surfaces can impair KaiB-KaiC interaction and the circadian rhythm. (mdpi.com)
Involvement of urinary bladder Connexin43 and the circadian clock in coordination of diurnal micturition rhythm. (sigmaaldrich.com)

[11] Through the analysis of per circadian mutants and additional mutations on Drosophila clock genes, a model encompassing positive and negative autoregulatory feedback loops of transcription and translation has been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
Core circadian 'clock' genes are defined as genes whose protein products are necessary components for the generation and regulation of circadian rhythms. (wikipedia.org)
All these oscillators were found to share a similar molecular makeup, and are maintained through interconnected transcriptional-translational feedback loops of core clock genes. (weizmann.ac.il)
According to the biologist, this is good news for the living organisms that have mutations in genes related to the circadian clock. (innovations-report.com)
To understand the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock, our laboratory has used forward genetic approaches to discover genes that regulate circadian behavior in mice. (hhmi.org)
At the core, the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 activate the Period ( Per1, Per2 ) and Cryptochrome ( Cry1, Cry2 ) genes, whose transcripts and proteins slowly accumulate during the daytime. (hhmi.org)
By analysing the circadian patterns of activity and emergence from the pupal case of mutant flies, several genes have been identified that encode essential elements of the clock. (bmj.com)
Circadian clock genes oscillate in the lung and form transcription factors that regulate 10-20% of gene expression in a time-of-day dependent manner. (nih.gov)
To measure gene expression, McClung and his students manipulated the clock-controlled genes they were studying and put them in control of luciferase, the enzyme that makes fireflies glow, and then introduced that new gene into Arabidopsis . (dartmouth.edu)
This could only occur if the two genes were responding to two different clocks,' says McClung. (dartmouth.edu)
Since both the genes are expressed in the mesophyll, it's clear that both clocks are operating in that tissue. (dartmouth.edu)
3.3 More clock genes -many more! (coursera.org)
2010) examined expression of circadian clock genes in the mouse uterus in late pregnancy and found significant daily mRNA variations ex vivo for some but not for all clock genes. (frontiersin.org)
Even given the evidence for a molecular clockwork in multiple cells of the uterus and data showing that the expression levels and/or amplitude of cycling clock genes are modulated by circulating steroids, a clear linkage to uterine physiology has yet to be clearly demonstrated. (frontiersin.org)
It can be speculated that various rhythmic events in the uterus depend on regulatory genes that are clock-driven, or that are under the control of circulating hormonal cues. (frontiersin.org)
Identifying physiologically important downstream targets for circadian clock genes in the uterus has yet to be achieved, but research in this field promises to contribute new and important insights into normal and pathological uterine physiology. (frontiersin.org)
This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. (nih.gov)
Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. (nih.gov)
Cell type-specific functions of period genes revealed by novel adipocyte and hepatocyte circadian clock models. (nih.gov)
Heterodimers of the transcription factors BMAL1 and CLOCK upregulate the expression of many target genes. (jci.org)
Of these, the protein products of the Period ( Per ) and Cryptochrome ( Cry ) genes provide a feedback mechanism to inhibit the transcriptional activity of CLOCK-BMAL1. (jci.org)
Through Affymetrix microarray analysis, we identified 650 genes that shared circadian expression profiles in BAT, iWAT, and liver. (diabetesjournals.org)
Furthermore, we have demonstrated that temporally restricted feeding causes a coordinated phase-shift in circadian expression of the major oscillator genes and their downstream targets in adipose tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
The presence of circadian oscillator genes in fat has significant metabolic implications, and their characterization may have potential therapeutic relevance with respect to the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. (diabetesjournals.org)
Circadian gene expression is maintained through the coordinated action of basic helix-loop-helix/Per-Arnt-Simpleminded (bHLH-PAS) domain proteins encoded by Clock (or its paralog Npas2 ), Bmal1 , Period ( Per ), and Cryptochrome ( Cry ) genes ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
CLOCK:BMAL1 dimers also drive the expression of circadian effector genes, such as those encoding transcription factors albumin d -element-binding protein (DBP) and REV-ERBα, implicated in a multitude of physiological functions ( 6 , 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The Arabidopsis central oscillator contains several proteins that reciprocally repress genes encoding each other to achieve a negative feedback loop necessary to generate circadian rhythms controlling many clock outputs. (wikipedia.org)
The loops are intertwined because the proteins PERIOD and CRYPTOCHROME directly repress transcription mediated by the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1, whereas the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer drives transcription of the Period and Cryptochrome genes, as well as that of Rev-erb-alpha , which represses Bmal1 expression. (sciencemag.org)
The team of Loros and Dunlap were among to first to delineate the intricate web of clockwork genes, proteins and feedback loops that drive circadian rhythms, working chiefly in the classic genetic model organism Neurospora, the common bread mold. (rxpgnews.com)
Circadian rhythms are generated by a transcriptional autoregulatory feedback loop that involves core clock genes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Data from studies conducted in rodent models show that circadian clock genes function both centrally in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripherally in key metabolic organs, including the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, and adipose tissue ( 1 , 2 ) ( Fig. 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Clock genes are involved in regulating glucose metabolism in the liver. (diabetesjournals.org)
Interactive regulation of food intake and metabolic function by circadian clock genes. (diabetesjournals.org)
17 ) in this issue of Diabetes has identified a new function of clock genes in the regulation of lipolytic activity in white adipose tissue. (diabetesjournals.org)
17 ) present findings that demonstrate a new and important function of clock genes in regulating lipolytic activity in white adipose tissue. (diabetesjournals.org)
Following our recent discovery of circadian expression of circadian clock genes, per1-3 , in human and mPer1 and interlukine-2 ( mIL-2 ) in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we hypothesize that 1) the circadian clock genes will prove to be important to immune functioning in health and disease. (dana.org)
We will identify the defects in clock genes by comparing profiles of clock genes in immune tissues or cell from both wild-type and mPer1 -/- /mPer2 -/- double mutant strains, respectively. (dana.org)
If the restoration of rhythmicity of circadian clock genes in SCN-mPer1 -/- /mPer2 -/- were observed, it would suggest the autonomy of immune clock. (dana.org)
The alteration of phase and amplitude in any one of immune regulatory genes would indicate a role of the circadian clock genes in regulating immune functioning. (dana.org)
We will transplant BM cells from the mper1 -/- /mper2 -/- KO mice into normal mice to generate an Immune-mPer1 -/- /mPer2 -/- mutant mice to see if the observed oscillation of immune regulatory genes in wild-type mice is resulted from immune clock in the immune cells/tissues only or from the signals generated from SCN clock. (dana.org)
Finally, we will employ in vitro approach to further identify how the clock genes regulate immune T cell functions, such as their ability to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation, to produce cytokines, and to differentiate into effector cells (Type I and Type II) under the influence of cytokines (IL-12 and IL-4). (dana.org)
In most cell types, the core circadian clock machinery consists of a family of proteins, whose levels oscillate over the course of the day, encoded by three genes: Per1, Per2 and Per3. (stanford.edu)
Mar. 2, 2017- A researcher at Vanderbilt has identified a set of 15 genes that together exhibit a 24-hour gene expression pattern in human blood, constituting a circadian clock biomarker. (vanderbilt.edu)
Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL /BMAL1 or ARNTL 2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. (rcsb.org)
Young's lab has researched the internal body clock for more than 30 years, categorizing the number of genes involved in keeping flies, human beings, and other animals on a time schedule when it comes to eating and sleeping. (news-medical.net)
Young, along with research associate Alina Patke (the first and co-corresponding author of the new paper), worked in partnership with sleep researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College to discover whether mutation in any known circadian genes were associated with DSPD. (news-medical.net)
A handful of genes turn on and off over a 24-hour cycle in a healthy body clock. (news-medical.net)
But Young and Patke revealed that the mutation recognized in the patient made the CRY1 protein more active than usual, keeping other clock genes switched off for a longer duration. (news-medical.net)
However, when the UPR was chemically activated, Bmal1 stayed low during both light and dark phases, which caused a phase shift in the expression of circadian genes. (dailyexcelsior.com)
The steroid hormone cortisol as an end-effector of the HPA axis and Period genes ( PER1 , PER2 and PER3 ) as circadian clock genes are in the main focus of my studies. (uni-trier.de)
The presence of a localized tumor significantly impaired the biological clock of tumor-adjacent skin and affected the oscillatory expression of genes involved in light- and thermo-reception, proliferation, melanogenesis, and DNA repair. (mdpi.com)
Experimental studies of mice deficient in clock genes have also identified skeletal muscle defects, suggesting a molecular link between circadian clock machinery and skeletal muscle physiology. (dovepress.com)
SIRT1 also associates with CLOCK and is recruited to the CLOCK:BMAL1 chromatin complex at circadian promoters, where they turn on the transcription of other clock genes, they report. (sciencecodex.com)
Asher and Schibler's team made a similar discovery: They show that SIRT1 is required for high-magnitude circadian activity of several core clock genes. (sciencecodex.com)
BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 activates transcription of CRY, PER, and several other genes in the morning. (wikipathways.org)
Levels of PER and CRY proteins rise during the day and inhibit expression of CRY, PER, and other BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2-activated genes in the afternoon and evening. (wikipathways.org)
The BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2 heterodimers activate a set of genes that possess E-box elements (consensus CACGTG) in their promoters. (wikipathways.org)
This confers circadian expression on the genes. (wikipathways.org)
The PER genes (PER1, PER2, PER3) and CRY genes (CRY1, CRY2) are among those activated by BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2. (wikipathways.org)
This reduces expression of the target genes of BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2 during the afternoon and evening. (wikipathways.org)
Transcriptional oscillation of both core clock and output genes in the liver of FOXO3-deficient mice is affected, indicating a disrupted hepatic circadian rhythmicity. (uva.nl)
To investigate this dichotomous response, we performed microarrays and found genes crucial for growth and stress pathways that were altered in Clock ∆19/∆19 mPFC and hippocampus. (nature.com)
The circadian clock system is regulated by transcriptional and translational negative feedback loops of multiple clock genes. (nature.com)
Polymorphisms in circadian clock genes have been associated with morningness-eveningness (diurnal) preference, familial advanced sleep phase type (ASPT) and delayed sleep phase type (DSPT). (nature.com)
We genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms in circadian clock genes in 182 DSPT individuals, 67 free-running type (FRT) individuals and 925 controls. (nature.com)
The molecular mechanism of the circadian clock system involves transcription-translation negative feedback loops of multiple clock genes and post-transcriptional and post-translational modification and degradation of clock proteins 4 , 5 . (nature.com)
CRY, PER and CKI proteins form complexes that translocate to the nucleus and interact with the BMAL1-CLOCK heterodimers, thereby inhibiting transcription of the Cry and Per genes. (nature.com)
The Penn team found that only a handful of genes were altered when the clock was broken in fat cells and these governed how unsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were released into the blood stream. (anabolicminds.com)
The field of modern circadian biology got its start in the 1970s, when geneticist Seymour Benzer and his student Ron Konopka undertook a revolutionary study to track down the genes that encode biological timing in fruit flies. (theconversation.com)
By isolating fly strains with timing problems, they hoped to be able to zero in on the relevant genes that controlled this internal clock. (theconversation.com)
Not only the central pacemaker cells do have non-classical circadian functions but also circadian genes work in other cells and tissues different from central clock neurons. (csic.es)
The major loop relies on two transcription factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, forming a complex that stimulates the expression of target genes by binding to regions of DNA called Enhancer-boxes (E-boxes) that are associated with the target genes ( Figure 1 ). (elifesciences.org)
Comparison of circadian changes in transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes between wild-type plants and the sex1 mutant, which is impaired in starch turnover, suggested that carbon availability related to starch turnover might determine the capacity to synthesize lignins. (biomedsearch.com)
Several studies have shown that mutations and polymorphisms in clock genes are associated with abnormal circadian parameters in humans and also with more subtle non-pathological phenotypes like chronotypes. (scielo.br)
Since these genes encode proteins that physically interact with each other, combinations of polymorphisms in different clock genes could have a synergistic or an inhibitory effect upon circadian phenotypes. (scielo.br)
In the present study, we analyzed the combined effects of four polymorphisms in four clock genes ( Per2 , Per3 , Clock and Bmal1 ) in people with extreme diurnal preferences (morning or evening). (scielo.br)
Polymorphisms in other clock genes were also reported to be associated with circadian phenotypes. (scielo.br)
As the two studies were performed in populations with a Caucasian European genetic background, living at very different latitudes, these conflicting results suggest that latitude can affect the expression of clock genes. (scielo.br)
Mammalian circadian rhythms are generated by an autoregulatory network of "clock genes" that are expressed in a wide variety of tissues and cells. (arvojournals.org)
Here we tested the effects of genetic deletion of canonical clock genes on the function of the retinal biological clock in vitro . (arvojournals.org)
While these clocks can be influenced by exposure to sunlight and electric light, for instance, our genes also play a role in how they function. (cet.org)
My research team at the University of Notre Dame is teasing apart the molecular mechanisms of these cellular clocks, looking at how genes and the proteins they produce control the multitude of 24-hour rhythms in our bodily functions. (cet.org)
We think that an improved understanding of the circadian system, from genes through to physiology and behavior, will allow for the development of new and improved chronotherapies. (cet.org)
At least 15 genes are thought to make up the cogs of the circadian clock mechanism. (cet.org)
The temporal pattern of genes being switched on and off starts afresh once every 24 hours, giving us a near perfect daily clock. (cet.org)
So looking at the genes that play a role in how these clocks work can help us understand how they stay in sync. (cet.org)
Gaining a better sense of what genes are involved in regulating these circadian clocks could put us on a path to find better treatments and therapies to help people adjust to time shifts. (cet.org)
Oscillation of p75 NTR is disrupted in Clock-deficient and mutant mice, is E-box dependent, and is in phase with clock genes, such as Per1 and Per2 . (jneurosci.org)
Intriguingly, p75 NTR is required for circadian clock oscillation, since loss of p75 NTR alters the circadian oscillation of clock genes in the SCN, liver, and fibroblasts. (jneurosci.org)
Moreover, deletion of p75 NTR also alters the circadian oscillation of glucose and lipid homeostasis genes. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast, the circadian clock regulates the transcription of the virtually all cyanobacterial genes. (plantphysiol.org)
Flanking genomic sequence was identified for 23 enhancer trap lines to identify clock-controlled genes ( CCG-ET s). (plantphysiol.org)
Moreover, there is potentially another class of genes for which the response to environmental or other stimuli is temporally gated by the circadian clock, and such genes would not be identified in the absence of the appropriate stimulus. (plantphysiol.org)
It is interesting that both the E box and the cAMP response element serve in output genes as the targets of central clock components but are also found in the promoters of genes encoding these same central clock components ( Kyriacou and Rosato, 2000 ). (plantphysiol.org)

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine, discovered that a protein -- named CLOCK -- is an essential component in directing circadian rhythms in humans, fruit flies, mice, fungi and other organisms. (upi.com)

By doing so, they found that the innate circadian clock regulates the kidney's ability to adapt to light and dark stages of the day that correlate with activity and rest. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In mammals, the endogenous daily pacemaker that regulates circadian rhythms like sleep and wakefulness is localized to a defined site in the brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is composed of many neurons whose circadian activities are in synchrony with one another. (innovations-report.com)
The findings demonstrate that Per3 has a major role in the APC clock and regulates adipogenesis in vivo. (nih.gov)
Title: The Circadian Clock Regulates Adipogenesis by a Per3 Crosstalk Pathway to Klf15. (nih.gov)
The notion that the clock regulates DNA-damage input and that mutation can affect the clock as well as the cell cycle is novel. (rxpgnews.com)
Moreover, the clock regulates expression of the period-4 gene. (rxpgnews.com)
While scientists have long suspected as much, they have only recently isolated the circadian mechanism that regulates the BBB's daily permeability. (genengnews.com)
Presenting their results in a paper ("A Circadian Clock in the Blood-Brain Barrier Regulates Xenobiotic Efflux") that appeared March 8 in Cell , the scientists indicated that the circadian mechanism resides in the perineurial glia of the BBB. (genengnews.com)
A research team led by Shigenobu Shibata , professor of neurochemistry at Waseda University, discovered that glucagon, a peptide hormone, and/or insulin-like grown factors (IGF-1) production regulates resetting of the liver circadian clock in response to a protein or amino-acid only diet when insulin signaling is disrupted for reasons such as diabetes. (waseda.jp)
The clock system regulates our sleep-wake cycle, feeding-fasting, hormonal secretion, body temperature, and many other physiological functions. (frontiersin.org)
The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. (rcsb.org)
Regulates the circadian expression of ICAM1 , VCAM1 , CCL2 , THPO and MPL and also acts as an enhancer of the transactivation potential of NF-kappaB. (rcsb.org)
In an article published in the journal Cell on April 6th, researchers from The Rockefeller University reported that a variant of the gene CRY1 slows down the function of the body clock-called the circadian clock-that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. (news-medical.net)
Finally, we show that insulin, a major regulator of FOXO activity [6-9], regulates Clock levels in a PI3K- and FOXO3-dependent manner. (uva.nl)
The circadian clock system regulates daily behavioral and physiological rhythms such as body temperature, hormone secretion, blood pressure, metabolism and cognitive performance besides sleep/wakefulness. (nature.com)
We report that the core clock protein BMAL1 regulates astrogliosis in a synergistic manner via a cell-autonomous mechanism, and via a lesser non-cell-autonomous signal from neurons. (ssrn.com)
Our results demonstrate that the core clock protein BMAL1 regulates astrocyte activation and function in vivo, elucidating a novel mechanism by which the circadian clock could influence many aspects of brain function and neurologic disease. (ssrn.com)
It is also clear that the circadian clock in zebrafish regulates the timing of the cell cycle, demonstrating the wide impact that this light sensitivity and daily rhythmicity has on the biology of zebrafish. (biochemsoctrans.org)
Microarray experiments have shown that the circadian clock regulates mRNA abundance of about 10% of the transcriptome in plants, invertebrates, and mammals. (plantphysiol.org)
Efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms by which the circadian clock regulates transcription have focused on the identification and characterization of cis-acting elements necessary for circadian-regulated transcription and their cognate DNA-binding proteins. (plantphysiol.org)

Upsetting the CLOCK-SI RT1 equilibrium can lead to sleep disruption and increased hunger and if the proteins remain chronically unbalanced, it can contribute to obesity, the researchers said. (upi.com)
The PER and CRY proteins associate and translocate into the nucleus during the evening and physically interact with the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex to repress their own transcription. (hhmi.org)
have found that the molecular clock in Drosophila is composed of two interlocked negative feedback loops--the per-tim loop, which is activated by the dCLK and CYCLE proteins and repressed by PER-TIM, and the dClk loop, in which these proteins exert the opposite effect. (sciencemag.org)
This group discovered circadian rhythms in redox proteins (peroxiredoxins) in cells that lacked a nucleus - human red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian circadian clock is built on a feedback loop in which PER and CRY proteins repress their own transcription. (nih.gov)
After accumulating in the cytoplasm, PER and CRY proteins heterodimerize, translocate to the nucleus, and regulate the activity of CLOCK:BMAL1, completing a transcriptional/translational feedback loop ( 4 , 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Other proteins, such as casein kinase I ε (CKIε) play essential modulatory roles in mammalian circadian timekeeping. (sciencemag.org)
Recent evidence in mammalian cells shows that other cell cycle regulators physically interact with clock proteins. (rxpgnews.com)
LA JOLLA, CA - November 16, 2016 - A new study led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) describes an unexpected role for proteins involved with our daily "circadian" clocks in influencing cancer growth. (scripps.edu)
In humans, these proteins, called CRY1 and CRY2, regulate our circadian clocks, which influence what times of day we become tired, hungry and much more. (scripps.edu)
CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput) and BMAL1 (brain and muscle ARNT-like 1) proteins form a heterodimer complex that binds to E-boxes, which drive the transcription of Period (PER1, 2, and 3) and Cryptochrome (CRY1 and 2), which in turn produce a negative feedback loop by suppressing CLOCK:BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activity ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Nobiletin, an agonist of the core-clock proteins RORα/γ, boosted both circadian amplitude of T2D islet clocks and insulin secretion by these islets," researchers said. (ajmc.com)
As the negative feedback proteins Per and Cry increase in abundance, they multimerize, enter into the nucleus, and bind to the heterodimeric Clock and Bmal1 complex to inhibit their transcriptional activity. (frontiersin.org)
CLOCK specifically acts as a so-called histone acetyltransferase (HAT), meaning that it transfers an acetyl group to histones and other proteins as well. (sciencecodex.com)
Like CLOCK, Sirtuins are known to modify proteins other than histones as well, he added. (sciencecodex.com)
the CRY and PER proteins then inhibit transactivation by BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2. (wikipathways.org)
Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2. (wikipathways.org)
Among the currently investigated topics are the cryptochromes, a class of proteins associated with the circadian clock in mammals. (phys.org)
The now Mainz-based biologist hopes that further findings about the basic functioning of the cryptochrome-period complex and her aim of determining the interaction patterns of further clock proteins may help in the development of future medical treatments. (phys.org)
The researchers found that autophagic digestion selectively targets proteins controlling the circadian clock, most notably the clock protein CRY1. (yu.edu)
The central oscillator generating cyanobacterial circadian rhythms comprises KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC proteins. (mdpi.com)
Interestingly, if the mice were offered their food only during the day, the expression of digestive proteins in the liver was shifted completely to the daytime, while the expression pattern of the central clock in the brain did not change at all. (bio-medicine.org)
In collaboration with Synchronicity Pharma, a San Francisco-based biotechnology company, they used a small-molecule drug to target the proteins in the stem cells' circadian clocks to disrupt their activity. (sleepreviewmag.com)

However, counterbalancing CLOCK is a metabolic protein called SI RT1 that senses energy use in cells. (upi.com)
Located in special nerve cells, the so-called circadian neurons, it interacts with the timeless protein causing it to be degraded. (innovations-report.com)
The CLOCK protein acts as a heterodimeric transcription factor with a partner known as BMAL1 (ARNTL). (hhmi.org)
Protein Drp1, synchronized by an internal biological clock determines the energy needed to be supplied. (medindia.net)
Their results show that the mitochondrial fission-fusion cycle is controlled by the fission protein Drp1, which is in turn synchronized by an internal biological clock. (medindia.net)
Biochemically, the mutation results in a premature modification of the well understood clock protein, frequency (FRQ). (rxpgnews.com)
The researchers found that the resetting effect of DNA damage requires the period-4 clock protein, and that period-4 is the homolog, the Neurospora version, of the mammalian checkpoint kinase. (rxpgnews.com)
Loss of at least one clock protein (mammalian period-2) is known to increase cancer susceptibility. (rxpgnews.com)
The research, published recently in the journal Molecular Cell , suggests that disruptions in circadian rhythms might leave levels of an important cancer-linked protein, called cMYC, unchecked. (scripps.edu)
This is a function of a circadian protein that has never been seen before," said TSRI Research Associate Anne-Laure Huber, who served as first author of the study. (scripps.edu)
In this study, the team analyzed whether feeding mice a protein-only diet or amino-acids that do not cause insulin secretion cold cause entrainment of the liver clock to identify possible additional factors. (waseda.jp)
Their findings demonstrated that in place of insulin, increasing glucagon and IGF-1 levels by feeding a protein-only diet entrains the liver circadian clock, and that cysteine, an inexpensive amino acid, has the strongest phase advance via increases in IGF-1 in the liver. (waseda.jp)
Component of the KaiABC clock protein complex, which constitutes the main circadian regulator in cyanobacteria. (uniprot.org)
A specific protein, a cog in the workings of the clock, drives the cells' differentiation process, Feldman's team found. (stanford.edu)
The circadian clock and the cell cycle are two fundamental, highly dynamic, and evolutionary well conserved biological oscillators that employ cyclic gene expression and protein degradation to impose diurnal rhythmicity on behavior, physiology and metabolism, and to drive cell division, respectively. (reddit.com)
Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. (rcsb.org)
WASHINGTON, Jan 2: Cancer cells suppress the body's circadian clock by controlling protein synthesis, which contributes to more tumour growth, according to a study. (dailyexcelsior.com)
Computer model showing the structure of the circadian clock protein KaiC from Synechococcus elongatus. (sciencephoto.com)
hree-dimensional structure of the mouse cryptochrome-period clock protein complex. (phys.org)
Together with another clock protein called period they form a complex, the structure of which has just been determined by Wolf's team. (phys.org)
We assume that the formation of this cryptochrome-period protein complex provides a mechanism by which the circadian clock interacts with the metabolism, while the zinc ion and the disulfide bond play an important role in regulating the stability of the complex," summarized Wolf. (phys.org)
Levels of the circadian protein Bmal1 continued to decrease, as the UPR was increasingly activated. (medicalxpress.com)
TIM protein was assayed by Western blotting ( A ) and quantified using Scion Image software ( B ). TIM protein levels are normalized such that in y w flies, circadian time 1 (CT1) = 100. (jneurosci.org)
Although the CLOCKΔ19 mutant protein can still form a complex with BMAL1 that is capable of binding to DNA (albeit with reduced affinity), it is not able to activate transcription. (elifesciences.org)
This is a remarkable finding because it reveals a new biological pathway that controls the clock resetting mechanism and because the protein that SIK1 expresses is a kinase enzyme. (cet.org)
Thus, the findings explain KaiB distal mutation effects, providing mechanistic insights into clock protein interplay. (mdpi.com)
Circadian clocks are comprised of specific protein molecules that interact in cells throughout the body, controlling how they grow, replicate and repair damage to their DNA. (sleepreviewmag.com)

Evidence for a genetic basis of circadian rhythms in higher eukaryotes began with the discovery of the period ( per ) locus in Drosophila melanogaster from forward genetic screens completed by Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. (wikipedia.org)
Bachleitner W, Kempinger L, Wulbeck C, Rieger D, Helfrich-Forster C (2007) Moonlight shifts the endogenous clock of Drosophila melanogaster. (springer.com)
The researchers in Chile had conducted a number of experiments in which they had artificially slowed down the circadian clocks of Drosophila in various combinations and observed the impact on the hatching behaviour. (eurekalert.org)
P.E. (1999) Interlocked feedback loops within the Drosophila circadian oscillator. (sciencemag.org)
An early indication that the machinery is specified genetically came from studies of the circadian rhythms of cortisol secretion in twins, but as in so many other biomedical fields, the real impetus to molecular genetic analysis of the clock 83 has come from fruit flies (Drosophila spp). (bmj.com)
In Drosophila melanogaster, the gene timeless (tim) encodes a cardinal component of the circadian clock and also contributes to photoperiodism, which is observed as an adult reproductive diapause. (bl.uk)
Drosophila larvae were the lab subject for the early circadian clock research. (theconversation.com)
Because Drosophila pupae emerge only at a specific time of the day, Konopka could measure the timing between rounds of eclosion for different strains of flies and identify those that had a bad clock. (theconversation.com)
Drosophila biological rhythms circadian clock disease improvisely non-classical pacemaker. (csic.es)
We also recapitulate the most basic features of Drosophila circadian clock, including recent data about the inputs and outputs that connect the central pacemaker with other regions of the brain. (csic.es)
It is clear that clocks exist in the peripheral tissues of animals as diverse as Drosophila , zebrafish and mammals. (biochemsoctrans.org)

The work until then was all on effects of Lithium on rhythmicity of whole animals, thus various feedback loops between the clock and other brain areas could not be discounted. (scienceblogs.com)
In a related experiment, you expose the organism to an environmental periodicity - usually a light-dark cycle, as it is usually the strongest cue, as the evolution of circadian clocks and light-detecting mechanisms is closely intertwined - to see if the rhythmicity of the organism can be synchronized ( entrained ) to the environmental cycle, indicating that it is a biological function and not the chance quirk in your data. (scienceblogs.com)
Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental property present in almost all light-sensitive organisms, from cyanobacteria, through plants, flies to humans. (weizmann.ac.il)
The Clock mutation lengthens circadian period by 4 hours in homozygous mutants, followed by a complete loss of circadian rhythmicity in constant conditions. (hhmi.org)
We hypothesized that at least a part of this rhythmicity is dependent on the circadian clock mechanism," she added. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Tissue-specific function of Period3 in circadian rhythmicity. (nih.gov)
REV-ERBA shows strong circadian rhythmicity and confers circadian expression on BMAL1. (wikipathways.org)
Here we show that insulin-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Forkhead box class O3 (FOXO3) signaling is required for circadian rhythmicity in the liver via regulation of Clock. (uva.nl)
In the last two decades, there has been significant progress in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian circadian rhythmicity (Ko and Takahashi, 2006, Dardente and Cermakian, 2007). (scielo.br)
Whereas Per1, Cry1 and Clock are individually dispensable for SCN rhythmicity, their deletion disrupts the retinal clock, similar to peripheral tissue clocks. (arvojournals.org)

Compelling evidence points toward a tight intertwining between circadian rhythms and metabolism. (weizmann.ac.il)
Circadian clocks play a major role in orchestrating daily metabolism and their disruption can lead to metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. (weizmann.ac.il)
Concomitantly, clocks are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and respond to feeding cycles. (weizmann.ac.il)
Past studies have looked at the relationship between the body´s metabolism and the operation of the body´s biological clock. (redorbit.com)
Over the past decade, a new generation of discoveries has uncovered a mechanistic interface between the circadian clock and fundamental cellular processes including oxidative stress, cell metabolism, immune and inflammatory responses, epigenetic modification, hypoxia/hyperoxia response pathways, endoplasmic reticular stress, autophagy, and regulation of the stem cell environment. (nih.gov)
Circadian clocks serve to orchestrate physiology and metabolism in a coordinated way over the course of the day. (coursera.org)
Circadian clocks provide a competitive advantage in an environment that is heavily influenced by the rotation of the Earth, by driving daily rhythms in behaviour, physiology and metabolism in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. (nih.gov)
Thus, photosynthesis has a marked effect on the entrainment and maintenance of robust circadian rhythms in A. thaliana, demonstrating that metabolism has a crucial role in regulation of the circadian clock. (nih.gov)
However, chronic glucocorticoid (GC) treatment leads to disordered energy metabolism, including increased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatosteatosis - all programs modulated by the circadian clock. (jci.org)
Our results reveal a mechanism by which the circadian clock acts through REVERBa in liver on elements bound by HNF4A/HNF6 to direct GR action on energy metabolism. (jci.org)
Before this study, we knew we could disturb someone's circadian clock and change their metabolism, but how that happened at a cellular and molecular level was very mysterious," said Brian Feldman , MD, PhD, senior author of the study and assistant professor of pediatrics at Stanford. (stanford.edu)
This clock network entrains physiological processes including the sleep-wake cycle, liver metabolism, and body temperature ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Two papers appearing April 18 in the journal Cell Metabolism confirm that the circadian clock is an important factor in how the body responds to physical exertion. (medicalxpress.com)
There's a link to obesity because there are circadian rhythms in not just your appetite, but also your metabolism," Dr. McCarthy says. (menshealth.com)
While biological clocks are vital to maintaining healthy patterns of sleep, metabolism, physiology and behavior, under certain environmental conditions strict adherence to these rhythms can be disadvantageous," said Michael Sesma of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which partially funded the work. (bio-medicine.org)
Two new research studies have discovered a long sought molecular link between our metabolism and components of the internal clock that drives circadian rhythms, keeping us to a roughly 24-hour schedule. (sciencecodex.com)
That suggests there must be a link between the clock and metabolism. (sciencecodex.com)
Now, in SIRT1, we have found a molecular connection between the circadian machinery and metabolism. (sciencecodex.com)
The next step is to understand the connection between changes in metabolism and the circadian cycle in more detail, the researchers said. (sciencecodex.com)
The circadian clock is cell-autonomous and some, but not all cells of the body exhibit circadian rhythms in metabolism, cell division, and gene transcription. (wikipathways.org)
Circadian rhythms are responsive to external and internal cues, light and metabolism being among the most important. (uva.nl)
Taken together, these studies emphasize the importance of the molecular clock as an orchestrator of metabolism and reflect a cen tral role for fat cells in the integration of food intake and energy expenditure. (anabolicminds.com)
Marked circadian rhythms in myocardial metabolism are mediated by as yet unidentified mechanism(s). (ahajournals.org)
Recent studies suggest that the transcriptional co-activator, PGC1α, is an integral component of the mammalian circadian clock, which links this molecular mechanism to oxidative metabolism. (ahajournals.org)
To test the hypothesis that the circadian clock directly influences myocardial metabolism, a cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock mutant (CCM) mouse was generated. (ahajournals.org)
These microarray experiments highlight the regulation by the circadian clock of many key biological pathways, including pathways involved in metabolism, detoxification, and stress response. (plantphysiol.org)
The cells' circadian clock was ramping up the cells' metabolism, making the cells stronger and more resistant to treatment and able to divide and multiply rapidly. (sleepreviewmag.com)

Crystal structure of CLOCK:BMAL1. (hhmi.org)
Ribbon diagram of CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer. (hhmi.org)
CLOCK subunit is green, and BMAL1 is blue. (hhmi.org)
For their study, the researchers inhibited the expression of a gene in the kidneys called Bmal1, which plays a crucial role in the organs' circadian clock mechanism. (medicalnewstoday.com)
We found that in mouse liver nuclei all three PERs, both CRYs, and Casein Kinase-1δ (CK1δ) are present together in an ∼1.9-MDa repressor assembly that quantitatively incorporates its CLOCK-BMAL1 transcription factor target. (nih.gov)
Prior to incorporation, CLOCK-BMAL1 exists in an ∼750-kDa complex. (nih.gov)
CLOCK heterodimerizes with BMAL1 to drive the rhythmic expression of Per and Cry ( 2 , 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In vitro studies of fibroblast cell lines further support these findings, where exposure to dexamethasone, high serum concentrations, or glucose induces the circadian expression of Clock , Per , Dbp , and Bmal1 ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Gluconeogenesis is impaired in both ClockΔ19 mutant and Bmal1 knockout (KO) mice ( 10 ), and hepatic glucose export is also dysregulated in liver-specific Bmal1 KO mice ( 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In skeletal muscle, CLOCK and BMAL1 are essential for the maintenance of normal mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function ( 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In pancreatic islets, CLOCK and BMAL1 help regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and both ClockΔ19 mutant and pancreas-specific Bmal1 KO mice have impaired glucose tolerance because of β-cell dysfunction ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In the core loop, the positive transcriptional activators Clock and Bmal1 bind to E-box motifs and activate the expression of many targets, including their own negative regulators, Period (Per1, 2, and 3) and Cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2). (frontiersin.org)
The preferred binding motif for the CLOCK - ARNTL /BMAL1 heterodimer is 5'-CACGTGA-3', which contains a flanking Ala residue in addition to the canonical 6-nucleotide E-box sequence (PubMed:23229515). (rcsb.org)
The CLOCK - ARNTL /BMAL1 heterodimer also recognizes the non-canonical E-box motifs 5'-AACGTGA-3' and 5'-CATGTGA-3' (PubMed:23229515). (rcsb.org)
Now, Sassone-Corsi's team shows that the HDAC activity of the SIRT1 enzyme is controlled in a circadian manner, correlating with rhythmic acetylation of histones and the clock component BMAL1 by CLOCK. (sciencecodex.com)
Treatments that block SIRT1 activity lead to disturbances in the circadian cycle and in the acetylation of histones and BMAL1. (sciencecodex.com)
SIRT1 binds CLOCK-BMAL1 in a circadian manner, they report, and promotes the deacetylation and degradation of the clock component called PER2. (sciencecodex.com)
Transcription of the BMAL1 (ARNTL) gene is controlled by ROR-alpha and REV-ERBA (NR1D1), both of which are targets of BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 in mice and both of which compete for the same element (RORE) in the BMAL1 promoter. (wikipathways.org)
BMAL1 can form heterodimers with either CLOCK or NPAS2, which act redundantly but show different tissue specificity. (wikipathways.org)
Within the nucleus the PER:CRY complexes bind BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2, inhibiting their transactivation activity and their phosphorylation. (wikipathways.org)
CK2alpha phosphorylates BMAL1 to regulate the mammalian clock. (wikipathways.org)
The transcription factors BMAL1 and CLOCK form heterodimers, which activate transcription of Cryptochrome ( Cry ) and Period ( Per ) by binding to E-box motifs in their promoter regions. (nature.com)
In rodents that had their light-dark cycles suddenly reversed, Bmal1 stopped rising and falling - a clear sign that their circadian rhythms were disrupted. (medicalxpress.com)
Cancer cells survived longer by using the UPR to suppress Bmal1 and short-circuit their circadian rhythms. (medicalxpress.com)
A ) In wild-type mice, the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex binds to E-box sites on the genome with a much higher affinity than USF1, so they occupy the majority of E-box sites (as denoted by the relative thicknesses of the vertical arrows). (elifesciences.org)
This means that CLOCK:BMAL1 complexes also have a much larger role in the transcription of the gene associated with the E-box (as denoted by the relative thicknesses of the horizontal arrows). (elifesciences.org)
C ) Other ClockΔ19 mutant mice (such as heterozygous BALB/cJ mice) produce higher levels of USF1 than C57BL/6J mice (denoted by the thick arrow pointing down), and the total level of transcription driven by the CLOCK:BMAL1 complex and USF1 is high enough to drive normal circadian gene expression. (elifesciences.org)
Here we show that p75 NTR is an oscillating gene regulated by the helix-loop-helix transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1. (jneurosci.org)
Deletion mutagenesis of the p75 NTR -luciferase reporter identified the −1039 conserved E-box necessary for the regulation of p75 NTR by CLOCK and BMAL1. (jneurosci.org)
Accordingly, gel-shift assays confirmed the binding of CLOCK and BMAL1 to the p75 NTR − 1039 E-box. (jneurosci.org)

Asher G, Schibler U (2011) Crosstalk between components of circadian and metabolic cycles in mammals. (springer.com)
The circadian clock in mammals is composed of an autoregulatory transcriptional network with interlocked feedback loops (Figure 1). (hhmi.org)
The waxing and waning of this transcriptional feedback loop takes approximately 24 hours and represents the core mechanism of the circadian clock in mammals. (hhmi.org)
Here, the adrenal cortex has a similar function as the prothoracic gland.Yet, instead of ecdysone it secretes glucocorticoids which are believed to play a central role in synchronizing the circadian clocks of mammals. (eurekalert.org)
In humans and other mammals the primary body clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a cluster of around 10 000 neurones located on either side of the midline above the optic chiasma, about 3 cm behind the eyes. (bmj.com)
A growing body of research reveals circadian clock gene expression in the uterus of non-pregnant and pregnant mammals. (frontiersin.org)
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian clock. (jci.org)
The SCN, located in the hypothalamus, is the central circadian clock in humans and other mammals and controls not only the timing of the sleep-wake cycle but also many other rhythmic and non-rhythmic processes in the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
At the organism level, the circadian clock is a hierarchical multioscillator network, where in mammals, the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) is the master oscillator. (frontiersin.org)
In mammals, light entrains the central clock via retinal ganglion cells that communicate with the SCN via the retinal-hypothalamic tract. (frontiersin.org)
The physiology and behavior of mammals are subject to daily oscillations driven by an endogenous circadian clock, explained Asher's team led by Ueli Schibler. (sciencecodex.com)
In mammals, the circadian timing system is composed of a central pacemaker in the brain and subsidiary oscillators in most peripheral tissues. (sciencecodex.com)
In mammals, the light signal is sensed by the retina and transmitted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) master clock [1], where it is integrated into the molecular oscillator via regulation of clock gene transcription. (uva.nl)
In mammals, the circadian timing system is composed of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is located in the brain, and subsidiary clocks in virtually all body cells. (elifesciences.org)

Studies in cyanobacteria, however, changed our view of the clock mechanism, since it was found by Kondo and colleagues that these single-cell organisms could maintain accurate 24-hour timing in the absence of transcription, i.e. there was no requirement for a transcription-translation autoregulatory feedback loop for rhythms. (wikipedia.org)
Without these two experiments providing positive data it does not make sense to do any further investigations into mechanisms of entrainment, anatomical location of the clock or the cellular mechanism of the clock. (scienceblogs.com)
Model of circadian clock mechanism. (hhmi.org)
Most aspects of physiology and behaviour are governed by a central clock mechanism in the hypothalamus. (bmj.com)
5 The circadian mechanism is therefore autonomous in cells, and the clock is so powerful that the rhythms of a single neurone can be recorded continuously for several weeks with only the slightest deviation from 24hours. (bmj.com)
The circadian clock is the body's natural time-keeping mechanism, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A mechanism through which circadian clocks in neurons encode external daily rhythms of excitability has been identified. (medindia.net)
This animation depicts a schematic of the murine circadian clock mechanism in a single, pacemaking neuron in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, where the master pacemaker is located. (sciencemag.org)
The scientists who discovered this circadian mechanism worked with fruit flies to study how they responded to an antiepileptic drug. (genengnews.com)
and 2) the clock regulatory mechanism in immune cells is regulated in part by SCN central clock through circadian signaling molecules, but functions as cell autonomous in certain extent. (dana.org)
An approximately 24-h biological timekeeping mechanism called the circadian clock is present in virtually all light-sensitive organisms from cyanobacteria to humans. (frontiersin.org)
Disruption within the circadian clock machinery has been linked to numerous pathological conditions, including cancer, suggesting that clock-dependent regulation of the cell cycle is an essential control mechanism. (reddit.com)
A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. (rcsb.org)
In this study we investigated the role of the circadian mechanism on cognition-relevant brain regions and neurobiological impairments associated with heart failure (HF), using murine models. (nature.com)
We found that the circadian mechanism is an important regulator of healthy cognitive system neurobiology. (nature.com)
Here we investigated a role for the circadian mechanism in neurocognitive impairments in HF, using murine models. (nature.com)
In support of this approach, recent experimental and clinical studies show that the circadian mechanism is important for cardiovascular physiology. (nature.com)
However, how the circadian mechanism affects the neurobiological adaptations in HF is not known, in large part because studies have focused only on the heart and have not investigated what happens concurrently in the brain. (nature.com)
At a molecular level, the circadian mechanism is comprised of a 24-hour transcription and translation loop present in virtually all our cells. (nature.com)
CLOCK is a key component of the circadian mechanism and relative abundance over the 24-hour daily cycles drives the positive and negative arms of the circadian mechanism 35 , 36 . (nature.com)
Here we investigate the role of the circadian mechanism on normal neurobiology using Clock ∆19/∆19 mice, and how the circadian mechanism contributes to neurobiological adaptations within cognition-relevant brain regions in HF. (nature.com)
Virtually every mammalian cell possesses an intrinsic circadian clock, a transcriptionally-based molecular mechanism capable of regulating multiple cellular functions. (ahajournals.org)

People have suspected that our cells' response to insulin had a circadian cycle, but we are the first to have actually measured it," noted Owen McGuinness , a professor of molecular physiology and biophysics at Vanderbilt, in the statement. (redorbit.com)
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour oscillations in behavior, physiology, and biochemistry that are generated by a cell-autonomous clock system found in all classes of living organisms. (hhmi.org)
The identification of circadian clocks in endocrine tissues has added considerable depth and complexity to our understanding of their physiology. (frontiersin.org)
Circadian (∼24 hour) clocks are fundamentally important for coordinated physiology in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria and humans. (nih.gov)
Circadian rhythms play an influential role in nearly all aspects of physiology and behavior in the vast majority of species on Earth. (jci.org)
Aging affects all aspects of our physiology and behaviors, including the circadian clock. (jci.org)
In this Review, we survey some of the key age-associated changes in circadian rhythms of behavior, physiology, and molecular processes. (jci.org)
The proposed studies, which will be conducted jointly as a cooperative venture by a molecular neurobiological laboratory and immunological laboratories, will extend our knowledge of immune clocks and their impact on immune physiology. (dana.org)
Recent studies in the fruit fly have revealed unpredicted roles for the clock machinery in different aspects of behavior and physiology. (csic.es)
Endogenous circadian clocks ensure that temporal patterns of physiology and behavior predict environmental changes determined by the Earth's rotation and orbit of the Sun. Such clocks are synchronized by the daily light-dark cycle. (phys.org)
Circadian clocks adapt the physiology of many different species to recurring changes in their environments-notably, to 24-hour cycles of daylight and darkness-in a proactive manner. (elifesciences.org)
The long-term ramifications of such poor coordination between our internal clocks and the external environment can result in the development of abnormal physiology, and ultimately disorders such as obesity and diabetes. (cet.org)

In vertebrates, the master circadian clock is contained within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a bilateral nerve cluster of about 20,000 neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Agez L, Laurent V, Guerrero HY, Pevet P, Masson-Pevet M, Gauer F (2009) Endogenous melatonin provides an effective circadian message to both the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the pars tuberalis of the rat. (springer.com)
Found in the brain´s hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain has a master circadian clock that manages cells, many of which have their own molecular clocks. (redorbit.com)
In experimental animals with such ablation, central grafting of neonatal hypothalamic tissue containing the suprachiasmatic nuclei can restore circadian patterning to the activity-rest cycle. (bmj.com)
Not only is this compelling evidence that the clock is an autonomous property of the suprachiasmatic nuclei, it is also an excellent example of the restoration of function by neural grafting. (bmj.com)
Also, when neonatal suprachiasmatic nucleic tissue is dissociated and held in vitro, the individual neurones show robust circadian rhythms of electrical firing, each of them with a slightly different period from its neighbours as they free run in the culture dish. (bmj.com)
First described in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian clocks have since been found in several peripheral tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
20 days ex vivo, not just in the core circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but also in liver and muscle explants ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
A new study of the brain's master circadian clock - known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN - reveals that a key pattern of rhythmic neural activity begins to decline by middle age. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The circadian clock consists of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which acts as the master pacemaker, and peripheral clocks in peripheral organs. (waseda.jp)
The circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is in the hypothalamus of the brain. (philips.com)
Accumulated evidence indicates that the circadian clock exists and functions in many peripheral tissues, including immune tissues and cells, though the details of the nature of the immune clocks and their relationship to central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is not well understood. (dana.org)
Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. (rcsb.org)
Basically, we all have a master clock-also called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN, if you want to get technical. (menshealth.com)
The molecular clocks of lungs and liver (common sites of metastasis), and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were significantly affected by tumor presence, leading to chronodisruption in each organ. (mdpi.com)
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus is the major clock in the body and receives its major input from light (via retinal neurons) and a minor input from nutrient intake. (wikipathways.org)
time-setting light cues (Zeitgebers, ZT) are received by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. (nature.com)
These rhythms are generated by the central circadian oscillator located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and are entrained by environmental cues (e.g., light-dark cycles) 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
In the new work, published in this week's issue of Current Biology, Dr David Hazlerigg and colleagues considered the possibility that distinct populations of neurons within the principal mammalian circadian clock (the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, SCN) might constitute these different oscillators. (phys.org)
The effects of clock gene deletion on clock function have been found to be tissue-specific, with the highly coupled central neural clock (suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN) being more resistant to genetic disruption than peripheral tissue clocks in which there is little evidence of cellular coupling. (arvojournals.org)
T he recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is known to be a neurotoxin for serotonergic axons ascending from the raphe nucleus including those which terminate on neurons of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the putative mammalian circadian clock. (mdma.net)
In 1972, however, the anatomical location of the brain's clock was finally identified by a set of experiments that homed in on a tiny cluster of neurons at the base of the brain-the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)-just above the well-known pathways that carry light and dark signals from the eye. (cet.org)
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Mind's Clock. (cet.org)

While each of these processes has been implicated in lung pathophysiology, the lung transcriptome exhibits robust circadian oscillations, and lung diseases such as asthma and COPD exhibit time-of-day specific exacerbations, the significance of circadian regulation in the pathogenesis and management of lung disease is not well-understood. (nih.gov)
Note that circadian rhythms are autonomous, 24-hour oscillations in biologic processes controlled by environmental cues, most notably the daily changes in light intensity. (medpagetoday.com)
Our results show that transcription is not required for circadian oscillations in humans, and that non-transcriptional events seem to be sufficient to sustain cellular circadian rhythms. (nih.gov)
We anticipate that our findings will facilitate more sophisticated cellular clock models, highlighting the interdependency of transcriptional and non-transcriptional oscillations in potentially all eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
By inhibiting photosynthesis, we demonstrate that endogenous oscillations in sugar levels provide metabolic feedback to the circadian oscillator through the morning-expressed gene PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7), and we identify that prr7 mutants are insensitive to the effects of sucrose on the circadian period. (nih.gov)
Clearly oscillations in mRNA abundance cannot account for all circadian-mediated biology because both posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation have been shown to play a major role in clock function (Lee et al. (plantphysiol.org)
Bladder connexin43 levels and functional capacity show circadian oscillations in wild-type mice, but such rhythms are completely lost in Cry-null mice having a dysfunctional biological clock. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Bladder muscle cells have an internal clock, and show oscillations of connexin43 and gap junction function. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Circadian clocks are the central mechanisms that drive circadian rhythms . (wikipedia.org)
Other mechanisms are capable of compensating for the loss of the molecular clock as researchers from the University of Würzburg have now shown. (innovations-report.com)
But this view of circadian clocks as central mechanisms that drive circadian rhythms was recently challenged. (innovations-report.com)
She is also the spokeswoman of the Collaborative Research Center "Insect timing: mechanisms, plasticity and interactions" which was set up in early 2013 to study among other questions how circadian clocks work in animals. (innovations-report.com)
The molecular mechanisms of the clock are being studied at the biochemical and genomic levels. (hhmi.org)
Whether fly, mouse or human, circadian clocks are the central mechanisms that drive circadian rhythms in all animals. (eurekalert.org)
This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. (springer.com)
The working group's research recommendations have been organized into three overarching frameworks (1) circadian-coupled mechanisms of lung disease pathogenesis (2) circadian-based phenotypes of lung disease risk and stratification, and (3) circadian-based interventions for lung disease. (nih.gov)
Delineate circadian-coupled mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of lung disease. (nih.gov)
The group prioritized investigating circadian mechanisms involved in oxidative stress, cell senescence, and acute/chronic immune pathophysiology in the etiology, progression and management of lung diseases, including asthma, COPD, sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. (nih.gov)
Delineate circadian mechanisms underlying abnormalities in ventilatory control and breathing, including sleep apnea. (nih.gov)
We will discuss the elaborate molecular mechanisms that allow circadian clocks to produce their daily rhythms and to synchronise them to its environment. (coursera.org)
As evidence continues to accumulate for the expression of circadian clocks in the various layers of the mammalian uterus, numerous questions arise as to the identity of the cues for entrainment of these peripheral clocks, the synchronizing mechanisms across the uterus, as well as downstream clock gene targets. (frontiersin.org)
These developments will contribute greatly to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in obstetrics and gynecology, as well as improving our basic understanding of circadian mechanisms in all endocrine systems. (frontiersin.org)
In this Review, we synthesize key findings from the study of circadian rhythms in later life, identify patterns of change documented to date, and review potential physiological mechanisms that may underlie these changes. (jci.org)
Because cytokines that are produced by lymphocytes and macrophages are potent mediators of immune responses and the level of individual cytokines can determine immune effector mechanisms, understanding immune-circadian control of specific immune mechanisms, perhaps especially those of the innate immune system, may have important clinical applications, such as the optimization of treatment for patients with acute infection and autoimmune and hematological diseases. (dana.org)
The main advantage of having an intact circadian clock system is to anticipate and alert our physiological mechanisms to prepare for daily changes in the environment imposed by light-dark cycle of the earth. (frontiersin.org)
To investigate further genetic links between circadian and photoperiodic mechanisms, classical clock mutations and transgenes were placed on a natural congenic background and assayed for locomotor activity behaviour and diapause response. (bl.uk)
The understanding of circadian timing and how it affects physiological mechanisms and disease development open new opportunities for drug discovery and developments in the chronopharmacology. (uni-trier.de)
Circadian (∼24 hour) pacemaking mechanisms exist within single cells. (biomedsearch.com)
The fundamental research conducted in the Wolf group is focused on obtaining insight into the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock. (phys.org)
With that gene in their sights, the labs of Hall, Rosbash and Young ushered in the molecular era of circadian biology as they untangled the molecular mechanisms of biological timekeeping. (theconversation.com)
These data suggest that the retinal circadian clock may lack the compensatory coupling mechanisms of the SCN neural clock and that it may be more vulnerable to genetic perturbation than the central clock. (arvojournals.org)
The properties of the inner clock-its free-run under constant lighting or darkness, its entrained response to light-dark cycles-were initially understood at the level of oscillating "output" measures, without direct knowledge of the brain mechanisms that produced the oscillation. (cet.org)

A circadian clock , or circadian oscillator , is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized with solar time . (wikipedia.org)
Circadian Clock Associated 1 (CCA1) is a gene that is central to the circadian oscillator of angiosperms. (wikipedia.org)
The circadian oscillator in rice is similar to the Arabidopsis model, and researchers have used this model as a blueprint for understand the rice oscillator. (wikipedia.org)
Signals from the master circadian oscillator entrain peripheral clocks using a variety of neural and hormonal signals. (frontiersin.org)
One such biological clock is the circadian clock, an endogenous oscillator with a period of about 24 h. (plantphysiol.org)

In vertebrates, including people, the master clock is located in the brain -- the hypothalamus. (upi.com)

The master circadian clock in the brain (see Figure 2) synchronizes and controls these cycles so they work together. (cdc.gov)

The normal body clock oscillates with an endogenous period of exactly 24 hours, it entrains , when it receives sufficient daily corrective signals from the environment, primarily daylight and darkness. (wikipedia.org)
Circadian oscillators are ubiquitous in tissues of the body where they are synchronized by both endogenous and external signals to regulate transcriptional activity throughout the day in a tissue-specific manner. (wikipedia.org)
In some organisms longevity, growth, and developmental rate are improved when they are maintained on a light/dark cycle, the period of which "resonates" optimally with the period of the endogenous circadian clock. (pnas.org)
However, to our knowledge no studies have demonstrated that reproductive fitness per se is improved by resonance between the endogenous clock and the environmental cycle. (pnas.org)
This ubiquity suggests that these endogenous circadian programs enhance reproductive fitness, but, to our knowledge, there has been no rigorous test of this postulation. (pnas.org)
In some cases, these parameters are improved when organisms are maintained on light/dark (LD) cycles, the periods of which "resonate" optimally with the free-running period (FRP) of the endogenous circadian clock ( 3 - 10 ). (pnas.org)
Therefore, we are unaware of any study to date that has rigorously demonstrated that reproductive fitness per se is improved by resonance between the endogenous clock and the environmental cycle. (pnas.org)
As earth completes each rotation every 24 hours, such an endogenous clock assists organisms to predict and adapt to daily environmental changes. (weizmann.ac.il)
Our results define the macromolecular assemblies comprising the circadian feedback loop and provide an initial structural view of endogenous eukaryotic clock machinery. (nih.gov)

Offering a cross-section of expertise in both basic and translational (bench-to-bedside) research, this book serves as a guide for physicians and scientists who wish to learn more about the impact of circadian rhythms on physiological processes in health and disease. (springer.com)
It is well established that many physiological processes in the body are regulated by a circadian clock. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Aging has a profound effect on circadian timing," said Block, a professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences and of physiological science. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Synchronized by light and darkness, the circadian clock exerts control over wake/sleep cycles, body temperature, digestion, hormonal cycles and other physiological and behavior patterns. (medindia.net)
As toxicity and anti-tumor efficiency of many traditional cytotoxic drugs in cancer therapy vary significantly depending on the time of day of drug administration, analysis of the circadian organization of physiological immune function might not only provide a better insight into the immune system in general, but can also offer reduction in bone marrow toxicity, as well as increased intensity and improved efficiency for cancer patients. (dana.org)
The circadian clock governs biological timekeeping on a systemic level, helping to regulate and maintain physiological processes, including endocrine and metabolic pathways with a periodicity of 24-hours. (reddit.com)
In the frame work of the research focus 'Psychobiology of Stress' I am interested in the inter-relationship of the physiological stress system (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis) and the circadian clock system. (uni-trier.de)
A system of self-sustained biological clocks controls the 24-h rhythms of behavioral and physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle. (nature.com)
Our circadian clock controls many important physiological functions," explained Professor Eva Wolf. (phys.org)
Our circadian clocks are centered in the brain and control key physiological processes-sleep, body temperature, organ function, and metabolic activities such as maintaining blood glucose levels. (yu.edu)
If lack of synchrony or circadian disruption occurs, we may experience decrements in physiological functions, neurobehavioral performance, and sleep. (topbulb.com)

In most living things, internally synchronized circadian clocks make it possible for the organism to anticipate daily environmental changes corresponding with the day-night cycle and adjust its biology and behavior accordingly. (wikipedia.org)
But whether the circadian clock regulated aggressive behavior was unknown. (medindia.net)
The tamarind plant, illustrated here, was documented as displaying circadian behavior about 2,400 years ago. (asbmb.org)
The circadian clock system senses the day and night changes and synchronizes the physical activities like behavior, food intake and sleep to a 24-hour period. (uni-trier.de)
While light-dark cycles are the predominant cue for the brain's pacemaker, cyclic feeding behavior has a strong effect on clocks operating in many other tissues. (sciencecodex.com)
While we have long known that peripheral clocks have some capacity for autonomy -- the percussionist can bang the drum without instructions from the conductor -- here we see that the orchestrated behavior of the percussionist can, itself, influence the conductor,' explains FitzGerald. (anabolicminds.com)
Daily biological rhythms (i.e. circadian) are a fundamental part of animal behavior. (csic.es)
A key question for circadian biologists concerns the way in which seasonal changes in day-length alter the behavior of circadian clocks over the course of the year. (phys.org)
If the mice experienced a regular day / night lighting scheme and were offered food around the clock, they ate almost all their meals during the night, indicating that the central clock stimulated by light can regulate feeding behavior. (bio-medicine.org)
For example, behavior showed circadian cycles in running-wheel activity, feeding, and drinking, while similar cycles could be measured in body temperature and production of the hormone melatonin by the pineal gland. (cet.org)

How we think about clock function and entrainment has been strongly influenced by the early concepts of the field's pioneers, and the astonishing finding that circadian rhythms continue a self-sustained oscillation in constant conditions has become central to our understanding of entrainment. (springer.com)
Hyperphosphorylation, due to the overexpression of CK2, will lead to altered circadian rhythms in the mutants where CCA1 showed shorter mRNA circadian oscillation than in wild-type plants. (wikipedia.org)
The three major hallmarks of circadian clocks are their ~24-h oscillation in the absence of any external stimuli, entrainment by external stimuli, and temperature compensation. (frontiersin.org)
Every single normal cell in our body has circadian oscillation," said Bu. (medicalxpress.com)
Overall, our findings reveal that the transcriptional activation of p75 NTR is under circadian regulation in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, and plays an important role in the maintenance of clock and metabolic gene oscillation. (jneurosci.org)
Therefore, circadian oscillation of connexin43 is associated with the biological clock and contributes to diurnal changes in bladder capacity, which avoids disturbance of sleep by micturition. (sigmaaldrich.com)

PTTH neurons (green) connect the circadian clock (magenta) of the brain with the peripheral clock in the prothoracic gland. (eurekalert.org)
In their search for the connecting pathway, the Würzburg scientists concentrated on specific neurons that could facilitate the contact between the central and the peripheral clock, the so-called PTTH neurons. (eurekalert.org)
In fact, the Würzburg scientists were able to show that the PTTH neurons establish a direct link between the brain-based clock of the fruit fly and its peripheral counterpart. (eurekalert.org)
They showed in experiments that the central clock neurons produce a special neuropeptide which transmits time information to the PTTH neurons. (eurekalert.org)
Now, for the first time, a team of neuroscientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) has demonstrated circadian control of aggression in male mice and identified the specific neurons and circuitry regulating the daily pattern. (medindia.net)
Next, the scientists used genetics-based tools to manipulate neurons known to regulate the central circadian clock. (medindia.net)
Using optogenetics, a technique that uses light to activate or deactivate targeted brain cells - to map brain circuitry revealed two parallel pathways between the biological clock and a population of neurons in a sub-region of the hypothalamus (called the VMHvl) known to cause violent attacks when stimulated in male mice. (medindia.net)
Normal Clock ∆19/∆19 mice had neurons with smaller apical dendrite trees in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampus, showed impaired visual-spatial memory, and exhibited lower cerebrovascular myogenic tone, versus wild types (WT). (nature.com)

The circadian clock is a highly conserved genomic system present in the brain and virtually every peripheral tissue, responsible for producing 24-hour rhythms in gene expression and coordinating the temporal organization of molecular pathways, cells, and tissues. (nih.gov)
Phenotypes/biomarkers may include clock gene polymorphisms and/or circadian-related gene expression profiles, taking into account the timing and frequency of sample collection, method of collection (exhaled breath condensate, sputum, nasal brushing, bronchoscopy), and tissue/cell type to be analyzed. (nih.gov)
To examine the influence of the circadian clock on immunity at the molecular level, Fikrig's group conducted a series of murine experiments in which they demonstrated the variation of TLR9 expression and daily peaks in clock gene expression. (medpagetoday.com)
These results are consistent with the idea that ovarian steroid levels during the estrous cycle have a modulating influence of clock gene expression in the uterus. (frontiersin.org)
These results correlated with respective gene expression in liver and the serum markers of circadian function. (diabetesjournals.org)
The comparison of the Period gene expression patterns under different conditions as well as their regulation after certain hormonal treatments can give us some clues to understand the molecular interactions of the HPA axis and the circadian clock system, and their interplay in the development of human diseases. (uni-trier.de)
Rhythmic gene expression underlies many of these complex circadian rhythms. (plantphysiol.org)

show that CRY1 and CRY2 play a central role in the mammal clock, but in a light-independent fashion--they appear to regulate transcriptional cycling of Per1 by contacting both the activator and its feedback inhibitors. (sciencemag.org)
The clock acts on neural and endocrine pathways to regulate individual circadian rhythms so that internal state varies predictably over 24 hours. (bmj.com)
Now, researchers reveal how an internal clock within the kidneys helps regulate the levels of amino acids, lipids and other components in the blood, as well as eliminate drugs from the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Central and peripheral clocks interact with each other to regulate food intake and specific metabolic pathways in key organ systems ( 1 , 2 , 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In addition, this main clock is thought to regulate local clocks in peripheral organs, such as in the digestive tract. (bio-medicine.org)

Joseph Takahashi is interested in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of circadian rhythms as well as other complex behaviors. (hhmi.org)

M. P. Pando, P. Sassone-Corsi, Signaling to the mammalian circadian clocks: In pursuit of the primary mammalian circadian photoreceptor. (sciencemag.org)

Clocks in humans in a lab in constant low light, for example, will average about 24.2 hours per day, rather than 24 hours exactly. (wikipedia.org)
3 - 4 If these nuclei are destroyed, either experimentally in animals or as a result of disease in humans-for example, compression by expanding pituitary tumours-the ability to express any overt circadian rhythms is destroyed. (bmj.com)
In humans and most other living things, circadian rhythms primarily respond to sunlight and darkness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
4.1 Clock control: which processes in humans and how to measure them? (coursera.org)
In aging humans, one of the big things that happens is the circadian system starts to degrade and break down," Ruby said. (stanford.edu)
Ruby said researchers have known since the early '70s that the circadian system modulates learning in humans and other animals, but no one knew what the effect would be on learning if the system was completely wiped out. (stanford.edu)
It is very clear that animals' circadian systems begin to deteriorate as they age, and humans have enormous problems with the quality of their sleep as they age, difficulty adjusting to time-zone changes and difficulty performing shift-work, as well as less alertness when awake. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These results indicate that the outputs of the central circadian clock start to decline in middle age and suggest that the same may be true in humans," said study co-author Christopher Colwell, a UCLA professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences who has conducted research with Block for many years. (medicalnewstoday.com)
On the other hand, recent epidemiological studies of humans have suggested that circadian disruption caused by shift work, jet lag, and sleep disorders is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. (dovepress.com)
Up to date, association studies in humans have focused on the analysis of only one clock gene per study. (scielo.br)
Very similar circadian phenotypes to those observed in animals may be recognized in humans. (scielo.br)

Light is also the prominent zeitgeber for the human clock, as has been shown experimentally in the laboratory and in large-scale epidemiological studies in real life, and we hypothesise that social zeitgebers act through light entrainment via behavioural feedback loops (zeitnehmer). (springer.com)
All current models of the molecular circadian clockwork in eukaryotic cells are based on transcription-translation feedback loops. (nih.gov)
Circadian clocks comprise transcription-translation feedback loops, which are entrained by environmental signals such as light and temperature to adjust the phase of rhythms to match the local environment. (nih.gov)
At the molecular level, the circadian clock is composed of transcriptional and translational feedback loops that oscillate in cycles of approximately 24-h to create the circadian rhythms we see at the organism level. (frontiersin.org)
It's been dogma for years that the circadian clock is regulated by transcription feedback loops," Sassone-Corsi said. (sciencecodex.com)
The molecular circuitry responsible for maintaining circadian rhythms is composed of two interlocked feedback loops. (elifesciences.org)
The overall effect of these two feedback loops, plus the various post-translational processes, is to determine the intrinsic period of the circadian cycle, which is subsequently synchronized to a period of 24 hours as described above. (elifesciences.org)

But, as it was later discovered, for some marine organisms moon cycles are more important than day-night cycles so they have evolved lunar clocks in addition or instead of circadian clocks (see sponges and cnidaria , for some examples). (scienceblogs.com)
In the intertidal zone, the tides are more important for survival than the daily rhythms, so the organisms living there have evolved tidal clocks. (scienceblogs.com)
The daily behaviour of living organisms is a combination of immediate responses to changes in the environment and processes controlled by the circadian clock," says Helfrich-Förster. (innovations-report.com)
Rather, most organisms have a multitude of circadian clocks: a central clock in the brain and various peripheral clocks in the organs and systems. (eurekalert.org)
Most of the lecture will be spent on describing daily or circadian rhythms in organisms from bacteria to man. (coursera.org)
The circadian (24 h) clock controls processes throughout the day and night in most organisms, and in plants is involved in multiple pathways including photosynthesis, leaf movement and floral opening. (nature.com)
This work shows how organisms can ignore the clock under certain circumstancesmuch like hitting a biological snooze button on the internal timepieceand enhance their survival in the face of ever-changing circumstances. (bio-medicine.org)
In the classical view of circadian clock organization, the daily rhythms of most organisms were thought to be regulated by a central, 'master' pacemaker, usually located within neural structures of the animal. (biochemsoctrans.org)
The circadian clock synchronizes the internal biology of an organism with the environment and has been shown to be widespread among organisms. (plantphysiol.org)
Recent advances in microarray technology have provided the ability in model organisms to ask how many mRNAs oscillate with a circadian period. (plantphysiol.org)

We've shown that the circadian clock in the kidney plays an important role in different metabolic and homeostatic processes at both the intra-renal and systemic levels and is involved in drug disposition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Until now, it has never been shown that the circadian system is crucial to learning and memory. (stanford.edu)

Scientists at Northwestern University are developing a device to control the body's circadian clock. (dailymail.co.uk)
The body's circadian clock controls an early-evening agitation known as 'sundowning,' which is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. (medindia.net)

And what researchers have learned is that the clock responsible for regulating all of that activity gets messed up when the nights get hotter relative to the days. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers used different approaches to disrupt the circadian clocks of individual mice. (redorbit.com)
Researchers at the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, part of the National Institute of Health, said circadian rhythms determine sleep patterns and contribute to jet lag as well as any grogginess after a time change. (upi.com)
The kidneys contain a circadian clock that is responsible for many metabolic processes, say researchers. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The molecular response of an organism -- be it mouse or man -- to pathogenic invasion is controlled by circadian rhythms, researchers found. (medpagetoday.com)
Dartmouth researchers have found evidence of two circadian clocks working within the same tissue of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana , a flowering plant often used in genetic studies. (dartmouth.edu)
By exposing rats to a very short day/night schedule - a regimen that effectively pushes the limits of the SCN s ability to set the clock to day length - researchers have discovered within the SCN two sub-clocks that normally oscillate in unison, but can become disconnected from one another as a result of artificial day/night cycles. (innovations-report.com)
Beyond controlling circadian rhythms, the researchers believe this technology could be modified to release other types of therapies with precise timing and dosing for potentially treating pain and disease. (dailymail.co.uk)
It allowed researchers to develop tools to study cause and effect to manipulate particular core clock molecules. (asbmb.org)
The coordination of the clock and cell division through cell cycle checkpoints, supports the clock s integral role in basic cell biology, conclude the researchers. (rxpgnews.com)
The researchers say more studies are needed to confirm this connection between circadian clocks and cancer in human tissues. (scripps.edu)
Researchers discovered a link between circadian clock disturbances in pancreatic cells and type 2 diabetes (T2D), according a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (ajmc.com)
A circadian clock is embedded in the stem cells that give rise to fat and plays a decisive role in determining when the cells mature, according to a new study by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine . (stanford.edu)
The role of the clock in helping the cells decide when to mature was a surprise to the researchers. (stanford.edu)
Keeping the animals in darkness enables researchers to separate intrinsic functions of the circadian clock from those that occur in response to external dark-light cycles. (stanford.edu)
To their surprise, the researchers saw that Per1, a core component of the circadian clock in most cell types, does not oscillate in adipocyte precursor cells. (stanford.edu)
Mar. 29, 2018- Human tumors appear to have a broken circadian clock, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center report in the journal PeerJ. (vanderbilt.edu)
This is the first demonstration of a circadian clock in a prokaryote outside the phylum Cyanobacteria, and the researchers' findings suggest that the cyanobacterial and E. aerogenes clocks share common evolutionary ancestors. (sciforums.com)
A study by Vanderbilt University researchers published online Feb. 17 by the journal Nature provides compelling new evidence that at least some species can alter the way that their biological clocks function by using different "synonyms" that exist in the genetic code. (bio-medicine.org)
Indeed, the Penn researchers could also cause obesity in normal mice by replicating the altered pattern of food consumption observed in mice with a broken clock in their fat cells. (anabolicminds.com)
Hollings Cancer Center researchers Dr. Yiwen Bu and Dr. J. Alan Diehl explore how cancer overrides the circadian clock to survive. (medicalxpress.com)
Work by researchers at the universities of Aberdeen and Nottingham suggest an anatomical basis for the adaptation of the mammalian circadian clock to changing day-length. (phys.org)
Using a clever combination of genetic and biochemical tools researchers have shown that a transcription factor called USF1 has a central role in determining how mutations of the Clock gene manifest themselves in the behaviour of different mouse strains. (elifesciences.org)
When the team first examined the biological clocks of glioblastoma stem cells in the lab, Kay says the researchers found them "on steroids, on overdrive. (sleepreviewmag.com)

Given that prolonged disruptions of normal rhythms are highly detrimental to health, deeper knowledge of how our biological clocks change with age may create valuable opportunities to improve health and longevity for an aging global population. (jci.org)
Circadian rhythms play a vital role in health, and prolonged disruptions to the clock are associated with negative health consequences. (jci.org)
Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. (rcsb.org)
Numerous reports have shown disruptions of the biological clock in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. (csic.es)
For some people "circadian disruptions" occur in winter when it's still dark outside an hour or two after awakening and when the interior lighting is characterized by warm color temperatures. (topbulb.com)

Using a combined approach of positional cloning and transgenic (functional) rescue of the Clock mutation in mice, we found that the Clock gene encodes a novel member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcription factors. (hhmi.org)
Temporal segregation of GC action was underpinned by a physical interaction of GR with the circadian transcription factor REVERBa and co-binding with liver-specific hepatocyte nuclear transcription factors (HNFs) on chromatin. (jci.org)
The CLOCK - ARNTL 2/BMAL2 heterodimer activates the transcription of SERPINE1 /PAI1 and BHLHE40 / DEC1 . (rcsb.org)
Model for the role of two transcription factors-CLOCK and USF1-in the circadian clock. (elifesciences.org)
To determine the extent to which the circadian clock controls transcription in Arabidopsis, we used in vivo enhancer trapping. (plantphysiol.org)
We found that 36% of our enhancer trap lines display circadian-regulated transcription, which is much higher than estimates of circadian regulation based on analysis of steady-state mRNA abundance. (plantphysiol.org)
Individual lines identified by enhancer trapping exhibit peak transcription rates at circadian phases spanning the complete circadian cycle. (plantphysiol.org)
A clock regulator, Rev-erbα, upregulates connexin43 transcription as a cofactor of Sp1, using Sp1 cis-elements of the promoter. (sigmaaldrich.com)

It is not, however, clear precisely what signal (or signals) enacts principal entrainment to the many biochemical clocks contained in tissues throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
Recent discoveries have uncovered a molecular interface between the circadian clock and fundamental cellular pathways and functions in peripheral tissues. (nih.gov)
These peripheral oscillators continue to operate in animals in which the SCN has been surgically ablated, demonstrating that independent circadian oscillators operate within peripheral tissues. (diabetesjournals.org)
This clock machinery is broadly functional in all mammalian tissues ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
The SCN and other brain tissues determine waking and feeding cycles and influence the clocks in other tissues by hormone secretion and nervous stimulation. (wikipathways.org)
Traditionally, clocks in peripheral tissues are thought to follow the lead of the 'master clock' in the SCN of the brain, a bit like members of an orchestra following a conductor. (anabolicminds.com)
The clock gene dependence of the retinal molecular circadian clock is unique among tissues tested to date. (arvojournals.org)
However, with the results of experiments performed in zebrafish, mammalian cell lines and, more recently, mammalian tissues, this view has changed to one where clock organization is now seen as being highly decentralized. (biochemsoctrans.org)

[2] The circadian clock is intertwined with most cellular metabolic processes and it is affected by organism aging. (wikipedia.org)
Animals that live in caves have lost circadian rhythms, at least in behavioral output (a clock may still be operating underneath, driving metabolic or developmental rhythms). (scienceblogs.com)
According to the study, circadian clocks present inside different parts of the body such as the liver, kidneys and heart help to initiate many metabolic processes of the body at the optimal time. (medindia.net)
The production of sugars by photosynthesis is a key metabolic output of the circadian clock in plants. (nih.gov)
These circadian rhythms are an important regulator of many key biological processes that influence cellular metabolic pathways and organ function ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Individual organs have their own clocks that directly affect metabolic pathways. (diabetesjournals.org)
She continued, "By re-synchronizing the perturbed molecular clocks, either by personalized eating and exercise schedules or with the help of clock modulator molecules, we hope to ultimately be able to provide an innovative solution to an epidemical metabolic problem affecting an ever-increasing proportion of the world's population. (ajmc.com)
New discoveries about the circadian-clock machinery in the precursors to fat cells may explain why shift workers are prone to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, a Stanford study finds. (stanford.edu)
2 Although a direct relationship between shiftwork and loss of muscle mass and strength has not been established, the disruption of circadian rhythms is found to be associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in shift workers. (dovepress.com)
As a consequence, peripheral oscillators can be uncoupled from the master clock when light and metabolic signals are not in phase. (uva.nl)
The signaling pathways responsible for coupling metabolic cues to the molecular clock are being rapidly uncovered [3-5]. (uva.nl)
Disrupting the clock can potentially lead to diabetes and other metabolic diseases. (yu.edu)

We tested the adaptive significance of circadian programming by measuring the relative fitness under competition between various strains of cyanobacteria expressing different circadian periods. (pnas.org)
Circadian (daily) rhythms are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and are also found in eubacteria among cyanobacteria ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
The problem with this hypothesis was shown by Johnson and Rokas' study of the effect of changing codon usage on the simple biological clock found in single-celled cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and a similar study of the more complex biological clock found in bread mold performed by a team led by Yi Liu that were published together. (bio-medicine.org)

The SCN maintains control across the body by synchronizing "slave oscillators", which exhibit their own near-24-hour rhythms and control circadian phenomena in local tissue. (wikipedia.org)
See section "regulation of circadian oscillators" below for more details. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a central pacemaker in the brain that synchronizes subsidiary oscillators in virtually all cells of the body. (weizmann.ac.il)
Buhr ED, Yoo SH, Takahashi JS (2010) Temperature as a universal resetting cue for mammalian circadian oscillators. (springer.com)
The results add to a growing awareness that it is a network of multiple oscillators, not only throughout the brain and body but also within the SCN itself, that underlies the workings of the circadian timing system. (innovations-report.com)
This marks the first time anyone has demonstrated "the pancreatic islet cells derived from the T2D human donors bear compromised circadian oscillators. (ajmc.com)
In pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetes patients, the dampened circadian oscillators lead to reduced insulin and glucagon exocytosis [published online January 21, 2020]. (ajmc.com)
One idea for which evidence has accumulated is that circadian clocks contain coupled "morning" and "evening" oscillators that are separately synchronized to dawn and dusk. (phys.org)

Photosynthetic entrainment of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock. (nih.gov)
The circadian clock synchronizes to the external 24-hour environment by the SCN receiving information on the light-dark cycle and by the peripheral clocks, including the liver clock, receiving information from the SCN through multiple pathways such as food intake, which induces strong entrainment due to insulin secretion and intracellular signaling. (waseda.jp)
However, the liver clock of type-1 diabetes model mice was observed to be entrained by scheduled feeding, suggesting that insulin is not necessary for entrainment in the liver clock by feeding. (waseda.jp)
Entrainment allows the master clock to synchronize with seasonally and geographically changing light-dark cycles. (frontiersin.org)

The light disrupted their circadian cycles and the mice were stuck in an inactive/fasting phase. (redorbit.com)
In another experiment, they used genetically modified mice that lacked the gene needed for proper biological clock function. (redorbit.com)
Using high-efficiency N -ethyl- N -nitrosourea mutagenesis, we isolated the first single-gene mutation that affects circadian rhythms in mice. (hhmi.org)
Note that this study demonstrates that the circadian molecular clock controls the expression and function of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which in turn modulates the response to vaccination and sepsis models in mice. (medpagetoday.com)
Scientists have now investigated exactly how the mitochondrial network interacts with our internal biological clock by using a combination of in vitro models and clock-deficient mice or mice with impaired mitochondrial fission. (medindia.net)
A key study to draw attention to the potential role of the circadian clock and pregnancy was that of Miller et al (2004), who reported that pregnant mice lacking the functional Clock gene (ClockΔ19) had prolonged and non-productive parturition, suggestive of a role for circadian clocks in the parturition event. (frontiersin.org)
The effect of different photoperiods in circadian rhythms of per3 knockout mice. (nih.gov)
When those mice were given GABA antagonists, their ability to learn was restored, suggesting a possible link with their circadian system. (stanford.edu)
Laboratory animals-rats, mice and hamsters-whose circadian systems have been disabled as part of a study typically live long and healthy lives. (stanford.edu)
Importantly, deletion of Reverba inverted circadian liver GC sensitivity and protected mice from hepatosteatosis induced by chronic GC administration. (jci.org)
Then, these profiles will be used to compare with the ones derived from one strain of tissue-specific mutant mice, which is generated from bone marrow transplantation and carries with normal immune clock but mutated SCN clock ( SCN-mPer1 -/- /mPer2 -/- ). (dana.org)
To look for a circadian clock in adipocyte precursor cells, Feldman's team needed to track the cells in living mice. (stanford.edu)
That idea could be easily tested by giving mice resveratrol, a SIRT1-boosting ingredient found in red wine, and examining its effects on clock function, he added. (sciencecodex.com)
Finally, in mice lacking SIRT1 only in the liver, they found evidence that SIRT1 normally contributes to circadian control in a living animal. (sciencecodex.com)
Intriguingly, adaptations to neuron morphology, memory, and cerebrovascular tone occurred in differing magnitude and direction between Clock ∆19/∆19 and WT mice, ultimately converging in HF. (nature.com)
Takahashi and colleagues also noted that the penetrance of the clock mutant phenotype (that is, the fraction of mice in which these traits were evident) was much higher in some strains than in others. (elifesciences.org)
Knockout mice for Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, and Clock (gifts of D. Weaver, A. Sancar, and S. Reppert) were crossed with luciferase reporter strains and molecular circadian rhythms were measured in retinal whole-mounts as in Ruan et al. (arvojournals.org)
Retinas from Per1-/-, Cry1-/-, and Clock-/- mice were arrhythmic or showed severely disrupted gene cycling, whereas retinas from Per2-/-, Per3-/- and Cry2-/- mice were robustly rhythmic. (arvojournals.org)

On the other hand, Per2, which is necessary for peripheral clock function, is dispensable for retinal clock function. (arvojournals.org)

Griffin Jr., E.A., Staknis, D., and Weitz, C.J. (1999) Light-independent role of CRY1 and light-independent role of CRY1 and light-iIndependent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian clock. (sciencemag.org)
Two small molecules, KL101 and TH301, are the first compounds that selectively target circadian clock components CRY1 and CRY2. (neurosciencenews.com)

However, the notion of one, central clock regulating the timing of all the body's processes is not true. (eurekalert.org)
1 - 2 As with all biological processes, the clock driving these cycles is slightly imperfect, therefore the measurable rhythms free run with periods of slightly less than or greater than one solar day, hence circadian (approximately a day). (bmj.com)
It controls our circadian rhythms - changes to physical, mental and behavioral processes that closely follow a 24-hour cycle. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Therefore, practically all processes in an organism are regulated outputs of the clock. (coursera.org)
We'll discuss examples of these processes and ideas about how this circadian regulation works. (coursera.org)
Circadian and photoperiodic phenomena serve to organize the temporal pattern of various biological processes. (bl.uk)
The circadian clocks that control and influence dozens of basic biological processes have an unexpected "snooze button" that helps cells adapt to changes in their environment. (bio-medicine.org)
The circadian system also depends on a large number of post-translational processes. (elifesciences.org)
The clocks then modify cellular processes across the day that are specific to each tissue. (cet.org)
The clock in the liver, for example, controls many of the biological processes involved in the storage and release of energy molecules. (cet.org)

Brown SA, Zumbrunn G, Fleury-Olela F, Preitner N, Schibler U (2002) Rhythms of mammalian body temperature can sustain peripheral circadian clocks. (springer.com)
Even centrally controlled internal temperature fluctuations can entrain the peripheral circadian clocks. (frontiersin.org)

Research is needed to determine whether dysregulation of the circadian clock, and clock-controlled pathways contributes to lung disease pathophysiology, and whether modification of these pathways is an effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate disease severity or progression. (nih.gov)
Examine whether time-of-day (i.e. circadian phase) and clock-coupled pathways mediate the effects of environmental exposures (e.g. cigarette smoke, allergens, virus/bacteria, endotoxin, hypoxia/hyperoxia, sleep apnea) on lung pathophysiology and injury. (nih.gov)

Taken together, these results show that it is possible to detect clock gene interactions associated with human circadian phenotypes and bring an innovative idea of building a clock gene variation map that may be applied to human circadian biology. (scielo.br)

It is also of note that Dodd et al use an existing mathematical model of the Arabidopsis clock ( Locke et al, Mol Syst Biol, 2005 ) to frame the expected effects of their predicted feedback loop. (nature.com)
It is exciting to see how the Arabidopsis clock community has responded to this work. (nature.com)

Research is needed to leverage this biology to identify circadian-based biomarkers and molecular phenotypes associated with lung disease. (nih.gov)
I believe for systems biology approaches to succeed it is crucial that models must be made easily accessible to experimentalists, which is the case in this field (eg Circadian Modelling ). (nature.com)
Their research "gave a lot of recognition to the field of circadian biology," Scheer said. (asbmb.org)
A key part of the circadian clock opposes this process, according to a paper published online Dec. 11 in Nature Cell Biology . (medicalxpress.com)
The circadian clock synchronizes internal biology with the external daily cycle of light and temperature. (plantphysiol.org)

Their work, reported June 29 in Science Express, the advance electronic publication of Science, implies a protective dimension for the biological clock in addition to its pacemaker functions that play such a sweeping role in the rhythms and activities of life. (rxpgnews.com)

Our findings support the notion that PER3 polymorphisms could be a potential genetic marker for an individual's circadian and sleep phenotypes. (nature.com)

An appropriate way to determine the adaptive significance of circadian programs would be to examine the reproductive fitness of mutants whose circadian clockwork is altered. (pnas.org)
But hamsters whose circadian system was disabled by a new technique Ruby and his colleagues developed consistently failed to demonstrate the same evidence of remembering their environment as hamsters with normally functioning circadian systems. (stanford.edu)

The clock normally modulates expression of this gene that encodes an important cell cycle regulator, and that cell cycle regulator in turn affects not only the cell cycle but also the clock. (rxpgnews.com)
Several circadian abnormalities such as changes in body temperature and hormones, evening increase in serum melatonin (a sleep regulator) were also posponed. (news-medical.net)
CRY1 is a key regulator of circadian cycles and also helps maintain blood glucose levels by inhibiting the liver from forming and secreting glucose. (yu.edu)

Transcriptional activator which forms a core component of the circadian clock. (rcsb.org)

One gene (period-4) was identified over 25 years ago by a mutation that affects two clock properties, shortening the circadian period and altering temperature compensation. (rxpgnews.com)

Biological clocks aren't made of cogs and wheels, but rather of groups of molecules in cells throughout the body. (upi.com)
Thus they have discovered an additional feedback loop (see drawing), and revealed a new class of circadian clock components: cytosolic signaling molecules. (nature.com)
The findings point to a role for the fat cell clock molecules in organizing energy regulation and the timing of eating by communicating with the hypothalamus, which ultimately affects stored energy and body weight. (anabolicminds.com)

Taken altogether, the presence of non-metastatic melanoma significantly impairs the organism's biological clocks. (mdpi.com)
Snooze button' on biological clocks improves cell ad. (bio-medicine.org)
The potential importance of changes in synonymous codon usage in adapting to environmental factors is magnified by the fact that they can influence the operation of biological clocks, which function as a key adaptation to daily environmental rhythms. (bio-medicine.org)
Regular 24-hour cycles of day and night on Earth led to the evolution of biological clocks that reside within our cells. (theconversation.com)
Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part A Edition by Sehgal, Amita and Publisher Academic Press. (vitalsource.com)
Timing is everything, making biological clocks central to life in a rhythmic world ( Young and Kay, 2001 ). (plantphysiol.org)
Biological clocks that run fast or slow can result in disrupted or abnormal circadian rhythms, increasing the risk of developing cancer in some people. (sleepreviewmag.com)

a Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland, especially in response to darkness, and has been linked to the regulation of circadian rhythms. (cdc.gov)

Science Daily writes that circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, but can also be modulated by external factors such as sunlight and temperature. (redorbit.com)
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, and can be entrained by external cues, called Zeitgebers, the primary one of which is daylight. (medicalxpress.com)

Scientists found that a certain class of bacteria found in the human gut, Enterobacter aerogenes, expresses circadian patterns because of its sensitivity to melatonin, the hormone produced at night and stimulating sleep. (sciforums.com)

Circadian transcriptional landscape. (hhmi.org)
Phase distributions of circadian transcriptional regulators, nascent RNA transcripts, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) occupancy, and histone modification rhythms in mouse liver. (hhmi.org)
Post-transcriptional mRNA stability modulation controls the phase for circadian mPer3 expression. (nih.gov)
Subsequently, we show binding of FOXO3 to two Daf-binding elements (DBEs) located in the Clock promoter area, implicating Clock as a transcriptional target of FOXO3. (uva.nl)

They continued, "Our study emphasizes a link between the circadian clockwork and T2D and proposes that clock modulators hold promise as putative therapeutic agents" for patients with T2D. (ajmc.com)

In the study, we focused on the neuronal pathway that connects the circadian clock in the brain of the fruit fly with a peripheral clock in the prothoracic gland which produces steroid hormones," Christian Wegener explains. (eurekalert.org)
R. N. Van Gelder, Murine circadian pathway. (sciencemag.org)
Russell N. Van Gelder, Circadian pathway. (sciencemag.org)
Embedding a clock in the differentiation pathway integrates all the signals. (stanford.edu)
Our data point to a key role of the insulin-FOXO3-Clock signaling pathway in the modulation of circadian rhythms. (uva.nl)
Our lab in collaboration with the University of Oxford and Hoffmann-La Roche has identified a new biological pathway involved in resetting the circadian clock, which was published in the journal Cell . (cet.org)
The pathway for vision separated from the pathway to the inner clock. (cet.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms17

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Circadian clock resetting in the mouse changes with age. (1/573)

Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems: Hurdles, hype or hope? (2/573)

Interplay between low-temperature pathways and light reduction. (3/573)

Heritable circadian period length in a wild bird population. (4/573)

Circadian rhythms in gene expression: Relationship to physiology, disease, drug disposition and drug action. (5/573)

PERsuading nuclear receptors to dance the circadian rhythm. (6/573)

Circadian clocks in the ovary. (7/573)

Similarities in the circadian clock and photoperiodism in plants. (8/573)

Circadian Clocks

CLOCK Proteins

Circadian Rhythm

Biological Clocks

Period Circadian Proteins

ARNTL Transcription Factors

Cryptochromes

Photoperiod

Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Light

Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1

Flavoproteins

Darkness

Feedback, Physiological

Chronobiology Disorders

Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Casein Kinase Iepsilon

Transcription Factors

Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

Gene Expression Regulation

Synechococcus

Drosophila Proteins

Neurospora crassa

Activity Cycles

Nuclear Proteins

Light Signal Transduction

Melatonin

Motor Activity

E-Box Elements

Pineal Gland

Casein Kinase Idelta

Mutation

Jet Lag Syndrome

Drug Chronotherapy

Models, Biological

Oscillometry

Cell Cycle Proteins

Mammals

Periodicity

Neurospora

Trans-Activators

Flowers

Drosophila

Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase

Hypocotyl

Drosophila melanogaster

Genes, Plant

Diapause, Insect

RNA, Messenger

Eye Proteins

Phytochrome

Transcription, Genetic

Luciferases

Cyanobacteria

Temperature

Photobiology

Animals, Genetically Modified

Phytochrome B

Time Factors

NIH 3T3 Cells

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1

Molecular Sequence Data

Luminescence

Chronobiology Phenomena

Casein Kinase I

Behavior, Animal

Rod Opsins

Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

RNA, Plant

Chronotherapy

Signal Transduction

Feedback

Plants, Genetically Modified

Neuropeptides

Sleep