Circadian clocks. Medical search

Biological mechanism that controls CIRCADIAN RHYTHM. Circadian clocks exist in the simplest form in cyanobacteria and as more complex systems in fungi, plants, and animals. In humans the system includes photoresponsive RETINAL GANGLION CELLS and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS that acts as the central oscillator.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that contain intrinsic HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE activity and play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. Clock proteins combine with Arntl proteins to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation. This transcriptional activation also sets into motion a time-dependent feedback loop which in turn down-regulates the expression of clock proteins.

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

The physiological mechanisms that govern the rhythmic occurrence of certain biochemical, physiological, and behavioral phenomena.

Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS.

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain-containing proteins that play important roles in CIRCADIAN RHYTHM regulation. They combine with CLOCK PROTEINS to form heterodimeric transcription factors that are specific for E-BOX ELEMENTS and stimulate the transcription of several E-box genes that are involved in cyclical regulation.

Flavoproteins that function as circadian rhythm signaling proteins in ANIMALS and as blue-light photoreceptors in PLANTS. They are structurally-related to DNA PHOTOLYASES and it is believed that both classes of proteins may have originated from an earlier protein that played a role in protecting primitive organisms from the cyclical exposure to UV LIGHT.

The time period of daily exposure that an organism receives from daylight or artificial light. It is believed that photoperiodic responses may affect the control of energy balance and thermoregulation.

A broad category of proteins that regulate the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM of an organism. Included here are proteins that transmit intracellular and intercellular signals in a chronological manner along with proteins that sense light and time-dependent changes in the environment such as the PHOTOPERIOD.

An ovoid densely packed collection of small cells of the anterior hypothalamus lying close to the midline in a shallow impression of the OPTIC CHIASM.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that negatively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and plays a role as a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The Nr1d1 nuclear receptor expression is cyclically-regulated by a feedback loop involving its positive regulation by CLOCK PROTEIN; BMAL1 PROTEIN heterodimers and its negative regulation by CRYPTOCHROME and PERIOD PROTEINS.

The absence of light.

A mechanism of communication with a physiological system for homeostasis, adaptation, etc. Physiological feedback is mediated through extensive feedback mechanisms that use physiological cues as feedback loop signals to control other systems.

Disruptions of the rhythmic cycle of bodily functions or activities.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme with specificity for proteins involved the regulation of the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Specialized cells in the invertebrates that detect and transduce light. They are predominantly rhabdomeric with an array of photosensitive microvilli. Illumination depolarizes invertebrate photoreceptors by stimulating Na+ influx across the plasma membrane.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A form-genus of spherical to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA in the order Chroococcales. They contain THYLAKOIDS and are found in a wide range of habitats.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A species of ascomycetous fungi of the family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, much used in biochemical, genetic, and physiologic studies.

Bouts of physical irritability or movement alternating with periods of quiescence. It includes biochemical activity and hormonal activity which may be cellular. These cycles are shorter than 24 hours and include sleep-wakefulness cycles and the periodic activation of the digestive system.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The conversion of absorbed light energy into molecular signals.

A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

DNA locations with the consensus sequence CANNTG. ENHANCER ELEMENTS may contain multiple copies of this element. E-boxes play a regulatory role in the control of transcription. They bind with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) type TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. Binding specificity is determined by the specific bHLH heterodimer or homodimer combination and by the specific nucleotides at the 3rd and 4th position of the E-box sequence.

A light-sensitive neuroendocrine organ attached to the roof of the THIRD VENTRICLE of the brain. The pineal gland secretes MELATONIN, other BIOGENIC AMINES and NEUROPEPTIDES.

A casein kinase I isoenzyme that plays a regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions including vesicular transport, CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION; CYTOKINESIS, developmental processes, and the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A chronobiologic disorder resulting from rapid travel across a number of time zones, characterized by insomnia or hypersomnolence, fatigue, behavioral symptoms, headaches, and gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Cooper, Sleep, 1994, pp593-8)

The adaptation of drug administration to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The measurement of frequency or oscillation changes.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).

A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, comprising bread molds. They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

An acetyltransferase with specificity towards the amine group of aromatic alkylamines (arylalkylamines) such as SEROTONIN. This enzyme is also referred to as serotonin acetylase despite the fact that serotonin acetylation can also occur through the action of broad specificity acetyltransferases such as ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE.

The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Seasonal suspension of insect growth development. It can be either induced by environmental cues (e.g., PHOTOPERIOD) or as a facultative part of the life cycle in order to time development with seasonal changes.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A phylum of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria comprised of unicellular to multicellular bacteria possessing CHLOROPHYLL a and carrying out oxygenic PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Cyanobacteria are the only known organisms capable of fixing both CARBON DIOXIDE (in the presence of light) and NITROGEN. Cell morphology can include nitrogen-fixing heterocysts and/or resting cells called akinetes. Formerly called blue-green algae, cyanobacteria were traditionally treated as ALGAE.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

A plant photo regulatory protein that exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by LIGHT. In response to light it moves to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates transcription of target genes. Phytochrome B plays an important role in shade avoidance and mediates plant de-etiolation in red light.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that positively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and is a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The protein also has a role in neuron cell survival and differentiation in that loss of function mutations of its gene result in the mouse phenotype referred to as the STAGGERER MOUSE.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.

Biological systems as affected by time. Aging, biological rhythms, and cyclic phenomena are included. Statistical, computer-aided mathematical procedures are used to describe, in mathematical terminology, various biological functions over time.

A casein kinase that was originally described as a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 30-40 kDa. Several ISOENZYMES of casein kinase I have been found which are encoded by separate genes. Many of the casein kinase I isoenzymes have been shown to play distinctive roles in intracellular SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Photosensitive proteins expressed in the ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are the protein components of rod photoreceptor pigments such as RHODOPSIN.

Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.

Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The adaptation of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological (DRUG CHRONOTHERAPY), surgical, radiological, or physical to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A mechanism of communication within a system in that the input signal generates an output response which returns to influence the continued activity or productivity of that system.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes eight planets, one minor planet, and 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.

The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A plant family of the order Fagales subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

A suborder of HEMIPTERA, called true bugs, characterized by the possession of two pairs of wings. It includes the medically important families CIMICIDAE and REDUVIIDAE. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.

The primary plant photoreceptor responsible for perceiving and mediating responses to far-red light. It is a PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASE that is translocated to the CELL NUCLEUS in response to light signals.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor subtype found in LYMPHOCYTES. It binds both PACAP and VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE and regulates immune responses.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A state in which there is an enhanced potential for sensitivity and an efficient responsiveness to external stimuli.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are specific for and mediate the effects of MELATONIN. Activation of melatonin receptors has been associated with decreased intracellular CYCLIC AMP and increased hydrolysis of PHOSPHOINOSITIDES.

Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS.

A form-genus of unicellular coccoid to rod-shaped CYANOBACTERIA, in the order Chroococcales. Three different clusters of strains from diverse habitats are included.

Circadian clock resetting in the mouse changes with age. (1/573)

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Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems: Hurdles, hype or hope? (2/573)

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Interplay between low-temperature pathways and light reduction. (3/573)

Low temperature is one of the major factors that adversely affect crop yields by causing restraints on plant growth and productivity. However, most temperate plants have the ability to acclimate to cooler temperatures. Cold acclimation is a process which increases the freezing tolerance of an organism after exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. The main trigger is a decrease in temperature levels, but light reduction has also been shown to have an important impact on acquired tolerance. Since the lowest temperatures are commonly reached during the night hours in winter time and is an annually recurring event, a favorable trait for plants is the possibility of sensing an imminent cold period. Consequently, extensive crosstalk between light- and temperature signaling pathways has been demonstrated and in this review interesting interaction points that have been previously reported in the literature are highlighted. (+info)

Heritable circadian period length in a wild bird population. (4/573)

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Circadian rhythms in gene expression: Relationship to physiology, disease, drug disposition and drug action. (5/573)

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PERsuading nuclear receptors to dance the circadian rhythm. (6/573)

The recurring light/dark cycle that has a period length of about 24 hours has been internalized in various organisms in the form of a circadian clock. This clock allows a precise orchestration of biochemical and physiological processes in the body thus improving performance. Recently, we found that the clock component PERIOD2 (PER2) can coordinate transcriptional regulation of metabolic, physiological, or behavioral pathways by interacting with nuclear receptors. PER2 appears to act as co-regulator of nuclear receptors linking clock function and transcriptional regulation at the level of protein-protein interactions. Here, we provide additional evidence for modulation of nuclear receptor dependent transcription by PER2 underscoring the broad implication of our finding. Taken together, our findings provide a base for the understanding of various disorders including mood disorders that have their roots in a temporal deregulation of basic metabolic processes. (+info)

Circadian clocks in the ovary. (7/573)

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Similarities in the circadian clock and photoperiodism in plants. (8/573)

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Brown, S. A. & Azzi, A. (2013). "Peripheral circadian oscillators in mammals". Circadian clocks. Berlin: Springer. pp. 45-66. ... When travelling across a number of time zones, the body clock (circadian rhythm) will be out of synchronisation with the ... Melatonin receptors are situated on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which is the anatomical site of the circadian clock. The ... There are two separate processes related to biological timing: circadian oscillators and homeostasis. The circadian system is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_lag

... but both WC-1 and WC-2 are required for the circadian clock to run. Because the core of the clock is based on a rhythmic ... The White Collar Complex (WCC), the heterodimer of WC-1 and WC-2, acts as a positive element in the circadian clock. WCC serves ... Crosthwaite SK, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC (Jun 1995). "Light-induced resetting of a circadian clock is mediated by a rapid increase ... Cha J, Zhou M, Liu Y (2015). Methods to study molecular mechanisms of the Neurospora circadian clock. Methods in Enzymology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Collar-1

The change in the phenotype can be a result of genetic modification of circadian clock gene, high fat diet, disruption of the ... Eckel-Mahan, Kristin; Sassone-Corsi, Paolo (2016-11-13). "Metabolism and the Circadian Clock Converge". Physiological Reviews. ... The changes in the light/dark cycle of laboratories can alter their circadian rhythm which can affect their metabolism. Besides ... circadian cycle by changes in light and dark cycle, or a combination of all the factors. Further research is required to find ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet-induced_obesity_model

This clock is what is referred to as the body's circadian rhythm and it naturally is responsive to light. Melatonin levels ... "What is Circadian Rhythm / Body Clock?". Sleep.org. Retrieved 9 November 2019. Wilkin, David Anderson, Rebecca. "What staring ... The light screens emit are in a similar spectrum of sunlight, but the blue light emission is what human circadian rhythms are ... Dark therapy Delayed sleep phase disorder f.lux Light effects on circadian rhythm Night Shift (software) Red Moon (software) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_time

This gene regulates the circadian clock and a variant of it was found in families that demonstrated advanced sleep-phase ... "Epidemiology of the human circadian clock". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 11 (6): 429-438. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005. ISSN 1087- ... As circadian rhythm is independent of the number of hours of sleep a person needs, Roenneberg calculates the rhythm based on ... Forced to arise earlier than their circadian rhythm dictates, they have a low body temperature and may require a few hours to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lark_(person)

Ercolani L, Ferrari A, De Mei C, Parodi C, Wade M, Grimaldi B (October 2015). "Circadian clock: Time for novel anticancer ... It has been used in the study of the regulation of the circadian rhythm and its links to immune system function, inflammation ... March 2012). "Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists". Nature. 485 (7396): 62-8. ... December 2014). "Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock regulates sleep architecture and emotional behaviour". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR9011

"The circadian clock: from molecules to behaviour". Ann. Med. 27 (4): 481-90. doi:10.3109/07853899509002457. PMID 8519510. ... There is good evidence that some basic aspects of human behaviour, such as circadian rhythms are genetically-based, but it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_misunderstandings_of_genetics

Biological clocks and circadian timing in cells". EMBO Reports. 6 Spec No (Suppl 1): S9-13. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400424. PMC ... In 2000, using their rodent model, they discovered the existence of circadian clocks in peripheral organs of mammals. This ... Rensing L, Ruoff P (September 2002). "Temperature effect on entrainment, phase shifting, and amplitude of circadian clocks and ... Fu, Minnie; Yang, Xiaoyong (15 August 2017). "The sweet tooth of the circadian clock". Biochemical Society Transactions. 45 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajime_Tei

... "microRNA modulation of circadian-clock period and entrainment". Neuron. 54 (5): 813-29. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.017. PMC ... where miR-132 is thought be involved in resetting the circadian clock in response to light. Inflammatory mediators such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-132

1990 - Human circadian clock is highly light sensitive. 1995 - Blind people can still retain sleep rhythms if their eyes remain ... Li MD, Li CM, Wang Z (Sep 2012). "The role of circadian clocks in metabolic disease". Yale J Biol Med. 85 (3): 387-401. PMC ... His team discovered that light transduced by non-visual input (melanopsin activation) could reset the circadian clock in ... 2013.[12] "Human Biological Clock Set Back an Hour." Human Biological Clock Set Back an Hour. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2013. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Czeisler

"Interactions between metabolism and circadian clocks: reciprocal disturbances". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1243 (1): 30-46. Bibcode: ... The circadian phase is relatively fixed in humans; attempting to shift it so that an individual is alert during the circadian ... Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of, or provide service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of ... This may be due to alterations in circadian rhythm: melatonin, a known tumor suppressor, is generally produced at night and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_work

Later studies also implicated a brain-based circadian clock as the regulator controlling the release of EH. As a junior fellow ... Eclosion rhythms were only abolished with the removal of the brain, indicating that the circadian clock is located within the ... These results confirmed Truman's previous findings that the circadian clock is located within the brain and that the factor ... Similar experiments focusing on the role of the circadian clock in regulating flight rhythms confirmed that extraretinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W._Truman

"Oxyntomodulin regulates resetting of the liver circadian clock by food". www.uni-luebeck.de. University of Lübeck. 30 April ... Oxyntomodulin has been linked to entrainment of the liver's circadian clock. Oxyntomodulin has been investigated as a blood- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyntomodulin

Yang Y, Cheng P, Liu Y (April 2002). "Regulation of the Neurospora circadian clock by casein kinase II". Genes & Development. ... "Setting clock speed in mammals: the CK1 epsilon tau mutation in mice accelerates circadian pacemakers by selectively ... "High-throughput chemical screen identifies a novel potent modulator of cellular circadian rhythms and reveals CKIα as a clock ... "A Length Polymorphism in the Circadian Clock Gene Per3 is Linked to Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome and Extreme Diurnal Preference ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casein_kinase_1

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Dodd, A. N. (2005). "Plant Circadian Clocks Increase Photosynthesis, Growth, Survival, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Hibberd

Allada R, White NE, So WV, Hall JC, Rosbash M (May 1998). "A mutant Drosophila homolog of mammalian Clock disrupts circadian ... Tanoue S, Krishnan P, Krishnan B, Dryer SE, Hardin PE (April 2004). "Circadian clocks in antennal neurons are necessary and ... Research from 2012 on sleep architecture and nutrition found that circadian clock mutants, including cyc01 still maintained a ... Helfrich-Förster C (March 2005). "Neurobiology of the fruit fly's circadian clock". Genes, Brain, and Behavior. 4 (2): 65-76. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_(gene)

... they travel during the day and use a circadian clock based on the sun's position in the sky to orient themselves. This clock ... The importance of the circadian clock in the function of this time-compensated sun compass system has led to investigation into ... While neural processing may occur in the monarch's brain, research indicates that the actual circadian clock underlying the ... Merlin, C.; Gegear, R. J.; Reppert, S. M. (2009-09-25). "Antennal Circadian Clocks Coordinate Sun Compass Orientation in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_butterfly_migration

Merlin, Christine; Gegear, Robert J.; Reppert, Steven M. (September 2009). "Antennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass ... Antennal clocks exist in monarchs, and they are likely to provide the primary timing mechanism for sun compass orientation. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(biology)

ISBN 978-0-665-75744-0. Merlin, Christine; Gegear, Robert J.; Reppert, Steven M. (2009). "Antennal circadian clocks coordinate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_morphology_of_Lepidoptera

There are candidate genes (called clock genes) that exist in most cells in the body and brain, referred to as the circadian ... Allebrandt, K.V.; Roenneberg, T. (2008). "The search for circadian clock components in humans: New perspectives for association ... The Circadian Type Inventory, developed by Folkard (1987), is an improved version of the 20-item Circadian Type Questionnaire ( ... "Dictionary of Circadian Physiology". Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, University of South Carolina Salkehatchie, Walterboro campus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronotype

Bacterial circadian rhythms Biological clock (aging) Circadian rhythm Circannual cycle Circaseptan, 7-day biological cycle ... It is regulated by circadian clocks. The circadian rhythm can further be broken down into routine cycles during the 24-hour day ... In some cases, multi-trophic systems may exhibit rhythms driven by the circadian clock of one of the members (which may also be ... ISBN 978-0-471-56802-5. Hastings, Michael, "The brain, circadian rhythms, and clock genes". Clinical review" BMJ 1998;317:1704- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronobiology

"Decoupling circadian clock protein turnover from circadian period determination". Science. 347 (6221): 1257277. doi:10.1126/ ... O'Neill, John S; Reddy, Akhilesh B (2011). "Circadian clocks in human red blood cells". Nature. 469 (7331): 498-503. doi: ... Dunlap, Jay C (1999). "Molecular Bases for Circadian Clocks". Cell. 96 (2): 271-90. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80566-8. PMID ... Rosbash, Michael (2009). "The Implications of Multiple Circadian Clock Origins". PLoS Biology. 7 (3): e62. doi:10.1371/journal. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._O'Neill

... temporal stopping of circadian clocks) is caused by desynchronization of multiple cellular circadian oscillators, and that ... He is known for his studies on the circadian clock. Hiroki R. Ueda was born in Fukuoka, Japan, in 1975. He graduated from the ... He has an expertise in systems biology and focus on chronobiology by investigating mammalian circadian clocks and sleep/wake ... He determined a basic structure of a transcriptional circuit of mammalian circadian clocks and identified multiple delayed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroki_Ueda

It is thought that sufferers have a weak circadian clock. The risk for the disorder increases with age, but only due to ... Dement WC (January 22, 1999). "Circadian Rhythm Information". Retrieved 2010-10-07. Zee PC, Vitiello MV (June 2009). "Circadian ... Because of the changes in sleep/wake time, and because this is a rare disorder, initially it can seem like another circadian ... Irregular sleep-wake rhythm is a rare form of circadian rhythm sleep disorder. It is characterized by numerous naps throughout ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_sleep–wake_rhythm

Roenneberg, T; Kantermann, T; Juda, M; Vetter, C; Allebrandt, KV (2013). "Light and the human circadian clock". Handbook of ... Kantermann, T; Juda, M; Merrow, M; Roenneberg, T (2007). "The human circadian clock's seasonal adjustment is disrupted by ... Allebrandt, K.V.; Roenneberg, T. (2008). "The search for circadian clock components in humans: New perspectives for association ... Allebrandt, K.V.; Roenneberg, T. (2008). "The search for circadian clock components in humans: New perspectives for association ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Till_Roenneberg

Sleep deprivation and constant dim lighting may mask the endogenous clock or affect circadian phase. For example, it has been ... Mistlberger, RE; Belcourt, J; Antle, MC (June 2002). "Circadian clock resetting by sleep deprivation without exercise in Syrian ... "Persistence of the circadian thyrotropin rhythm under constant conditions and after light-induced shifts of circadian phase". ... Monk, TH; Buysse, DJ; Reynolds CF, 3rd; Berga, SL; Jarrett, DB; Begley, AE; Kupfer, DJ (March 1997). "Circadian rhythms in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_routine_protocol

This allows the Bristlemouth to have control over its circadian clock and seasonal behavior. Due to the small size of the fish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonostomatidae

Merrow, M, Brunner M, Roenneberg T (June 1999). "Assignment of circadian function for the Neurospora clock gene frequency" (PDF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurospora

"Stochastic gene expression out-of-steady-state in the cyanobacterial circadian clock". Nature. 450 (7173): 1249-52. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_van_Oudenaarden

"Structure and function from the circadian clock protein KaiA of Synechococcus elongatus: a potential clock input mechanism". ... S. elongatus has a circadian clock with an oscillator based only on three proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC where rhythm is ... PMID 8665856.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Johnson CH, Golden SS, Ishiura M, Kondo T (1996). "Circadian clocks ... Golden SS (2004). "Meshing the gears of the cyanobacterial circadian clock". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101 (38): 13697-8. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Golden

"Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder" (PDF). American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08- ... Blind people may use talking equipment such as thermometers, watches, clocks, scales, calculators, and compasses. They may also ... a condition in which a person's circadian rhythm, normally slightly longer than 24 hours, is not entrained (synchronized) to ... "Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidence and clinical significance". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 75 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

This discovery solidified doubletime as a necessary part of the circadian clock.[18] ... "Light-induced degradation of TIMELESS and entrainment of the Drosophila circadian clock". Science. 271 (5256): 1736-1740. doi: ... Following the discovery of per, the Young lab looked for additional circadian genes. In late 1980s, Amita Sehgal, Jeff Price, ... The location and composition of these clocks were unknown, and this sparked Michael Young's interest at an early age.[6] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._Young

According to molecular clock dating, these two suborder primate branches parted ways about 63 to 60 million years ago.[143] ... It has been observed that while serum or blood plasma concentrations follow a circadian rhythm or reflect short-term dietary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

When those patterns are disrupted, they disrupt the natural circadian cycle. Circadian disruption may lead to numerous health ... entering the eye that affects the human body's clock. ... The human circadian system is entrained to a 24-hour light-dark ... "A new approach to understanding the impact of circadian disruption on human health". J Circadian Rhythms. 6: 7. doi:10.1186/ ... In order to specifically measure the amount of light entering the eye, personal circadian light meter called the Daysimeter has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_lighting

Cryptochromes absorb blue light and UV-A. Cryptochromes entrain the circadian clock to light.[6] It has been found that both ... with the rhythms of the circadian clock that allows plants to measure the length of the night. Other than flowering, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiod

Dibner C, Schibler U, Albrecht U (2010). "The mammalian circadian timing system: organization and coordination of central and ... peripheral clocks". Annual Review of Physiology. 72: 517-49. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135821. PMID 20148687. ... ACTH is also related to the circadian rhythm in many organisms.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone

... including several that are involved in controlling circadian rhythm, such as CLOCK.[8] The groups led by James Lupski (Baylor ... 2001). "Inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome". J Pediatr. 139 (1): 111-116. doi:10.1067 ... results in disruption of CLOCK gene transcription and reveals an integral role for RAI1 in the maintenance of circadian ... due to an inverted circadian rhythm of melatonin.[4] ... improve sleep and behavioural disturbances in a circadian ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith–Magenis_syndrome

"Jet lag and shift work sleep disorders: How to help reset the internal clock". www.mdedge.com. Retrieved 2019-06-24.. ... Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia and excessive sleepiness ... Brain arousal is stimulated by the circadian system during the day and sleep is usually stimulated at night.[13] The rhythms ... To maximize a delay of the body clock, bright light exposure should occur in the evening or first part of the night, and bright ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_work_sleep_disorder

Galison, Peter (2003). Einstein's clocks, Poincaré's maps: Empires of time. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-02001-0.. ... All clocks within each zone would be set to the same time as the others, but differed by one hour from those in the neighboring ... Greenwich Mean Time, where all clocks in Britain were set to the same time, was established to solve this problem. Chronometers ... Prior to the introduction of standard time, each municipality throughout the civilized world set its official clock, if it had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time

... of melatonin shift the circadian clock earlier, thus promoting earlier sleep onset and morning awakening.[68] In humans, 90% of ... it will shift the phase of the human circadian clock (sleep, endogenous melatonin, core body temperature, cortisol) to earlier ... Circadian rhythmEdit. In animals, melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Human infants' ... Lewis, Alan (1999). Melatonin and the Biological Clock. McGraw-Hill. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-87983-734-1.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin

ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • ... 1998). "Disruption of retinoid-related orphan receptor beta changes circadian behavior, causes retinal degeneration and leads ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAR-srodni_orfan_receptor_beta

Doi M, Hirayama J, Sassone-Corsi P (May 2006). "Circadian regulator CLOCK is a histone acetyltransferase". Cell. 125 (3): 497- ... CLOCK is a circadian rhythm master regulator that functions with BMAL1 to carry out its HAT activity.[9] ... These include p300/CBP, nuclear receptor coactivators (e.g., ACTR/SRC-1), TAFII250, TFIIIC, Rtt109, and CLOCK. p300/CBP are ... The HAT activities of the human TAFII250 and CLOCK coactivators have not been studied as extensively. TAFII250 is one of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_acetyltransferase

"Orchestrated Transcription of Key Pathways in Arabidopsis by the Circadian Clock". Science. 290 (5499): 2110-2113. doi:10.1126/ ... Floral scent emissions of most flowering plants vary predictably throughout the day, following a circadian rhythm. This ... "Regulation of Circadian Methyl Benzoate Emission in Diurnally and Nocturnally Emitting Plants". The Plant Cell. 13 (10): 2333- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_scent

... phase shifts of the circadian biological clock through increases in cAMP production". Neuropharmacology 46 (1): 52-62. PMID ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-OH-DPAT

"Antennal circadian clocks coordinate sun compass orientation in migratory monarch butterflies". Science. 325 (5948): 1700-1704 ... Antennal clocks exist in monarchs, and they are likely to provide the primary timing mechanism for sun compass orientation.[13] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_

... it will shift the phase of the human circadian clock (sleep, endogenous melatonin, core body temperature, cortisol) to earlier ...

https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelenjar_pineal

"The pineal gland is critical for circadian Period1 expression in the striatum and for circadian cocaine sensitization in mice ... "Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 (26): 9377-81. doi ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/கோக்கைன்

Other examples include Central and peripheral circadian clocks,[14] and central versus peripheral vision.[15] ... "Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Mammals". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 35: 445-462. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_side

Leon Kreitzman; Russell G. Foster (2004). Rhythms of life: the biological clocks that control the daily lives of every living ... Russell Grant Foster, CBE, FRS FMedSci (born 1959)[1] is a British professor of circadian neuroscience, the Director of the ... The Biological Clocks that Control the Daily Lives of Every Living Thing[14][15] and Seasons of Life: The Biological Rhythms ... Foster hypothesized that circadian photoreception occurs with a small number of cones without an outer layer or that an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Foster

6-hour clock (Italian). *6-hour clock (Thai). *12-hour clock. *24-hour clock ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_year

Antle, MC; Silver, R. Orchestrating time: arrangements of the brain circadian clock (PDF). Trends in Neurosciences. 2005, 28 (3 ... Konopka, RJ; Benzer, S. Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1971, 68 (9): 2112-6. PMC ... An unusual coding sequence from a Drosophila clock gene is conserved in vertebrates. Nature. 1985, 317 (6036): 445-8. PMID ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/腦

Dallaspezia S, Benedetti F (December 2009). "Melatonin, circadian rhythms, and the clock genes in bipolar disorder". Curr ... Both mania and depression are characterized by disruptions in normal mood, psychomotor activity, circadian rhythm, and ... Circadian rhythms and regulation of the hormone melatonin also seem to be altered.[74] ... "Circadian Rhythm Hypotheses of Mixed Features, Antidepressant Treatment Resistance, and Manic Switching in Bipolar Disorder" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_Disorder

Physiological and molecular characteristics of plant circadian clocks. Mol biol of circadian rhythms. A. Sehgal. Hoboken, John ... Signs of the time: environmental input to the circadian clock. *↑ Farré EM, Harmer SL, Harmon FG, Yanovsky MJ, Kay SA. 2005. ... Signs of the time: environmental input to the circadian clock. J Exp Bot, 53, 1535-1550. Devlin, P. F. 2002. ... Overlapping and distinct roles of PRR7 and PRR9 in the Arabidopsis circadian clock. Current Biology 15: 47-54. PMID: 15649364 ...

https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotomorfoģenēze

In some diver training courses for these types of diving, divers are taught to plan and monitor what is called the oxygen clock ... Hof, DG; Dexter, JD; Mengel, CE (1971). "Effect of circadian rhythm on CNS oxygen toxicity". Aerospace Medicine. 42 (12): 1293- ... the diver obtains more time on the oxygen clock by diving at a shallower depth, by breathing a less oxygen-rich gas, or by ... Sensitivity to central nervous system oxygen toxicity has been shown to be affected by factors such as circadian rhythm, drugs ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_toxicity

"Simple sequence repeats provide a substrate for phenotypic variation in the Neurospora crassa circadian clock". PLoS ONE. 2 (8 ... control the duration of its circadian clock cycles.[32] Effects on gene regulation[edit]. Length changes of microsatellites ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_tandem_repeats

Coordination between circadian and metabolic signaling within the hypothalamus is essential for an adequate temperature control ... The balance between the releases of neuropeptides derived from the biological clock and from a metabolic sensory organ as the ... It's known that mammals have a circadian rhythm in body temperature (Tb) that depend on the integrity of the suprachiasmatic ... These observations show that brain areas involved in circadian and metabolic functions of the body need to interact to produce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_preoptic_nucleus

This clock is found in a wide range of fly cells, but the clock-bearing cells that control activity are several dozen neurons ... Circadian rhythms are also subject to developmental plasticity. Light conditions during development affect daily activity ... In 1971, Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer published "Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster", a paper describing the first ... Young for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm". Nobelprize.org. 2 October 2017. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster

... "body clock". They can coordinate peripheral "clocks" and direct the pineal gland to secrete the hormone melatonin. ... The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is a photic neural input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms of mammals.[1] The origin ... The synapse of glutamate to the SCN has been shown to cause phase shifts in circadian rhythms, discussed more in detail later. ... The SCN of the hypothalamus contains an endogenous pacemaker that regulates circadian rhythms.[5] The zeitgeber found to have ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinohypothalamic_tract

SCN and circadian rhythmEdit. The SCN coordinates daily timekeeping in the body and VIP plays a key role in communication ... The mPer1 promoter has CRE domains and thus provides the mechanism for VIP to regulate the molecular clock itself. Then it will ... One region includes a specific area of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the location of the 'master circadian pacemaker'.[18] ... Circadian time is likely to affect the synapses rather than the organization of VIP circuits.[11] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide

This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. It examines how biological rhythms ... Mammalian Circadian Clocks and Metabolism: Navigating Nutritional Challenges in a Rhythmic World ... This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. It examines how biological rhythms ... this book serves as a guide for physicians and scientists who wish to learn more about the impact of circadian rhythms on ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-3450-8

Further clues into the regulation of circadian clocks are the subject of two reports. In plants and insects, cryptochromes ( ... In Drosophila, three of the critical clock genes, period (per), timeless (tim), and Drosophila Clock (dClk), are expressed ... role of CRY1 and light-independent role of CRY1 and light-iIndependent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian clock. ... show that CRY1 and CRY2 play a central role in the mammal clock, but in a light-independent fashion--they appear to regulate ...

http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/1999/5/tw7

ClockΔ19) had prolonged and non-productive parturition, suggestive of a role for circadian clocks in the parturition event. ... A key study to draw attention to the potential role of the circadian clock and pregnancy was that of Miller et al (2004), who ... A growing body of research reveals circadian clock gene expression in the uterus of non-pregnant and pregnant mammals. ... 2010) examined expression of circadian clock genes in the mouse uterus in late pregnancy and found significant daily mRNA ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/1010/circadian-clocks-and-pregnancy

... 25.09.2015. A circadian clock is not mandatory for living beings to adapt their activities to a ... The circadian clock sets the pace. Nevertheless, clockless fruit flies do show some behavioural differences. The clock seems to ... But this view of circadian clocks as central mechanisms that drive circadian rhythms was recently challenged. Scientists had ... And ideally its circadian clock will make the animal stop its activities before it is dark the next day. ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/circadian-clock-not-essential.html

... circadian clocks include Single-cell Resolution Fluorescence Live Imaging of Drosophila Circadian Clocks in Larval Brain ... Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters, In Vitro ... Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter, A ... Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures, ...

https://www.jove.com/keyword/circadian+clocks

... which was found to be governed by the bodys internal biological clock. ... The bodys circadian clock controls an early-evening agitation known as sundowning, which is common in patients with ... Next, the scientists used genetics-based tools to manipulate neurons known to regulate the central circadian clock. When Saper ... But whether the circadian clock regulated aggressive behavior was unknown.. .blockquote{margin: 15px 0; padding: 10px; ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/sundown-syndrome-circadian-clock-controls-rhythms-of-aggression-178569-1.htm

If you are a society or association member and require assistance with obtaining online access instructions please contact our Journal Customer Services team ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06723.x/pdf

New discoveries about the circadian-clock machinery in the precursors to fat cells may explain why shift workers are prone to ... Stem cells that generate fat tissue have circadian clock. New discoveries about the circadian-clock machinery in the precursors ... Prior research had shown that mature fat cells have a circadian clock, but it was not known if a clock existed in their stem ... have a circadian clock that functions differently than the kind found in most of the bodys other cells. Perturbing the clock ...

http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2017/11/stem-cells-that-generate-fat-tissue-have-circadian-clock.html

... clocks,improves,cell,adaptability,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news, ... The circadian clocks that control and influence dozens of basic biolog...,Snooze,button,on,biological, ... Snooze button on biological clocks improves cell adaptability. ...The circadian clocks that control and influence dozens of ... The circadian clocks that control and influence dozens of basic biological processes have an unexpected "snooze button" that ...

http://bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Snooze-button-on-biological-clocks-improves-cell-adaptability-28949-1/

CLOCK p-BMAL1:p-CLOCK,NPAS2. PER2 NR1D1 HDAC3 ARNTL FBXL3. CLOCK TGS1 p-S133-CREB1 BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2. NR3C1:Dexamethasone. ... p-BMAL1:p-CLOCK,NPAS2:PER2 gene. BMAL1:CLOCK,NPAS2. activates circadian. gene expression. CREM isoform 6 (ICER1) p-S-CLOCK CRY1 ... CLOCK gene. R-HSA-1368119 (Reactome) CLOCK gene. R-HSA-5663271 (Reactome) CLOCK,NPAS2. R-HSA-400228 (Reactome) CLOCK. Arrow. R- ... p-BMAL1:p-CLOCK,NPAS2. R-HSA-400256 (Reactome) p-BMAL1:p-CLOCK,NPAS2. R-HSA-5663118 (Reactome) p-BMAL1:p-CLOCK,NPAS2. R-HSA- ...

https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP1797&oldid=101184

The circadian or inner clock coordinates the sleep-wake rhythm and many other body processes that regulate, ... ... Structural biologists have made important progress towards better understanding the functioning of the circadian clock. ... At the heart of the circadian clock More information: I. Schmalen et al., Interaction of Circadian Clock Proteins CRY1 and PER2 ... a class of proteins associated with the circadian clock in mammals. In addition to regulating circadian rhythm, these also ...

https://phys.org/news/2014-05-atomic-essential-circadian-clock-protein.html

Our circadian clocks are centered in the brain and control key physiological processes-sleep, body temperature, organ function ... The researchers found that autophagic digestion selectively targets proteins controlling the circadian clock, most notably the ... clock protein CRY1. CRY1 is a key regulator of circadian cycles and also helps maintain blood glucose levels by inhibiting the ... Disrupting the clock can potentially lead to diabetes and other metabolic diseases. ...

https://www.einstein.yu.edu/research-briefs/1906/autophagy-governs-circadian-clock-and-blood-glucose-levels/

Zebrafish circadian clocks: cells that see light. T.K. Tamai, A.J. Carr, D. Whitmore ... Zebrafish circadian clocks: cells that see light Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Biochemical ... In the classical view of circadian clock organization, the daily rhythms of most organisms were thought to be regulated by a ... It is also clear that the circadian clock in zebrafish regulates the timing of the cell cycle, demonstrating the wide impact ...

http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/33/5/962

Endogenous circadian clocks ensure that temporal patterns of physiology and behavior predict environmental changes determined ... Such clocks are synchronized by the daily light-dark cycle. ... basis for the adaptation of the mammalian circadian clock to ... Circadian clock misalignment and consequences Citation: Separating morning and evening in the circadian clock of mammals (2005 ... Such clocks are synchronized by the daily light-dark cycle. A key question for circadian biologists concerns the way in which ...

https://phys.org/news/2005-06-morning-evening-circadian-clock-mammals.html

To test the hypothesis that the circadian clock directly influences myocardial metabolism, a cardiomyocyte-specific circadian ... Recent studies suggest that the transcriptional co-activator, PGC1α, is an integral component of the mammalian circadian clock ... In conclusion, we report that disruption of the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte decreases mitochondrial biogenesis and ... Abstract 275: The Intrinsic Circadian Clock within the Cardiomyocyte Regulates Myocardial Efficiency and Mitochondrial Function ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/Suppl_16/II_35.2

Variation in circadian clocks[edit]. While a precise 24-hour circadian clock is found in many organisms, it is not universal. ... Plant clocks[edit]. The circadian clock in plants has completely different components to those in the animal, fungus or ... A circadian clock, or circadian oscillator, is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized ... Mammalian clocks[edit]. Selective gene knockdown of known components of the human circadian clock demonstrates both active ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_clock

... but blogging audience forces me to occasionally look into human clocks from a medical perspective. ... You probably realize by now that my expertise is in clocks and calendars of birds, ... Molecular Mechanism of Circadian Rhythm Generation in Mammals. Let me now try to explain how the mammalian circadian clock ... Clocks and Bipolar Disorder. This is an interesting short review about the link between the circadian clock and the manic/ ...

https://scienceblogs.com/clock/2009/07/06/lithium-circadian-clocks-and-b-3

If you ever glanced at the circadian literature, you have probably encountered the statement that circadian rhythms are ... Clocks in Bacteria III: Evolution of Clocks in Cyanobacteria, Clocks in Bacteria IV: Clocks in other bacteria, Clocks in ... Circadian Clocks in Microorganisms, Clocks in Bacteria I: Synechococcus elongatus, Clocks in Bacteria II: Adaptive Function of ... Clocks in Bacteria IV: Clocks in other bacteria. Fourth in the five-part series on clocks in bacteria (from April 30, 2006): ...

https://scienceblogs.com/clock/2009/05/28/yes-archaea-also-have-circadia

However, FRP or clock-null mutations of circadian clock genes in Drosophila (per) or Neurospora (frq) do not obviously impair ... The Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis Roots Is a Simplified Slave Version of the Clock in Shoots ... The circadian clock controls the expression pattern of the circadian input photoreceptor, phytochrome B ... Quinone sensing by the circadian input kinase of the cyanobacterial circadian clock ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/95/15/8660

Compelling evidence points toward a tight intertwining between circadian rhythms and metabolism. Circadian clocks play a major ... The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a central pacemaker in the brain that synchronizes subsidiary oscillators in ... Concomitantly, clocks are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and respond to feeding cycles. Our overarching goal is to ... While the brains master clock is entrained by daily light-dark cycles, feeding time appears to be the dominant timing cue for ...

http://www.weizmann.ac.il/Biomolecular_Sciences/Asher/

Circadian Rhythms and Circadian Clock. Circadian Rhythms. *Are internally driven cycles that rise and fall during the 24-hour ... Circadian Clock. The circadian clock has an internally driven 24-hour rhythm that tends to run longer than 24 hours but resets ... The master circadian clock in the brain (see Figure 2) synchronizes and controls these cycles so they work together. ... The internal body clock sets the timing for many circadian rhythms, which regulate processes such as ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/longhourstraining/clock.html

The molecular mechanisms of the clock are being studied at the biochemical and genomic levels. ... Joseph Takahashi is interested in understanding the genetic and molecular basis of circadian rhythms as well as other complex ... The Clock mutation lengthens circadian period by 4 hours in homozygous mutants, followed by a complete loss of circadian ... Molecular Mechanism of the Clock. The circadian clock in mammals is composed of an autoregulatory transcriptional network with ...

https://www.hhmi.org/research/molecular-and-genetic-analysis-mammalian-circadian-clocks

A new study now shows that a central clock governs the circadian rhythms in certain cases. ... Whether and how these clocks are connected with each other is still a largely open question. ... Multiple biological clocks control the daily rhythms of physiology and behavior in animals and humans. ... Rather, most organisms have a multitude of circadian clocks: a central clock in the brain and various peripheral clocks in the ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/uow-hcc053017.php

Most clocks use the light-dark cycle as environmental signal (zeitgeber) for this active synchronisation. How we... ... The circadian clock can only reliably fulfil its function if it is stably entrained. ... Light and the Human Circadian Clock. In: Kramer A., Merrow M. (eds) Circadian Clocks. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, ... The circadian clock can only reliably fulfil its function if it is stably entrained. Most clocks use the light-dark cycle as ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-25950-0_13

Circadian clock cryptochrome proteins regulate autoimmunity. Qi Cao, Xuan Zhao, Jingwen Bai, Sigal Gery, Haibo Sun, De-Chen Lin ... C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, C6, Fcgr3, and Fcgr4 were down-regulated, and circadian clock genes Per2, Per3, Nr1d1, and Nr1d2 were up- ... 2012) Circadian expression of clock genes in mouse macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Brain Behav Immun 26:407-413. ... indicating that the intrinsic circadian clock regulates inflammatory innate immune functions (11). The circadian oscillations ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/114/47/12548.long

Purchase Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part B, Volume 552 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780128033807, ... Part IV: Circadian Rhythms in Humans *Chapter Eleven: Measuring Circadian Clock Function in Human Cells *Abstract ... Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part B, Volume 552 1st Edition. 0 star rating Write a review ... Circadian Rhythms and Biological Clocks Part A and Part B is an exceptional resource for anybody interested in the general area ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/circadian-rhythms-and-biological-clocks-part-b/sehgal/978-0-12-803380-7

... in the brain has a master circadian clock that manages cells, many of which have their own molecular clocks. ... According to the Cleveland Clinic, the circadian rhythm, otherwise known as the "internal body clock," manages the body´s 24- ... This study is the first to definitively prove that the body´s circadian biological clock controls insulin activity. ... The researchers used different approaches to disrupt the circadian clocks of individual mice. Measurements were taken at ...

https://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1112789435/fighting-your-biological-clock-can-have-health-consequences-022213

... body clocks) present in different parts of the body determine when and how much energy must be supplied by mitochondria (the ... Circadian Rhythm may Help Regulate Inflammatory Diseases. Controlling of the circadian rhythm or biological clock may help ... Relationship between circadian clock and energy production The scientists also showed that the mitochondrial network loses its ... Study Identifies How Internal Circadian Clocks Encode External Daily Rhythms of Excitability. A mechanism through which ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/how-our-circadian-clocks-regulate-energy-metabolism-177702-1.htm

... to those who are pursuing a career in any of the life sciences as well as anyone who has run up against their biological clock. ... Circadian clocks serve to orchestrate physiology and metabolism in a coordinated way over the course of the day. Therefore, ... 6.2 The consequences of living against the clock11m. 6.3 Circadian changes and Pathologies - comorbidities or causal factors 3m ... We will discuss the elaborate molecular mechanisms that allow circadian clocks to produce their daily rhythms and to ...

https://www.coursera.org/learn/circadian-clocks

All current models of the molecular circadian clockwork in eukaryotic cells are based on transcription-translation feedback ... clocks are fundamentally important for coordinated physiology in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria and humans. ... Circadian clocks in human red blood cells Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature09702. ... Circadian (∼24 hour) clocks are fundamentally important for coordinated physiology in organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21270888/?dopt=Abstract

Circadian clock molecules in flies. The expression of circadian timing in individual neurones shows that it is not an emergent ... Circadian clock molecules in mammals. Studies in mammals have advanced our understanding of the clock mechanism in two ways. ... Circadian clock molecules in drosophila. Early cycle: Expression of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim) is ... hence circadian (approximately a day). Notwithstanding this inaccuracy, the circadian clock is extremely robust. It is capable ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/317/7174/1704?ijkey=d42c0aeb5ed8914e01a6b040541ca746037e3fc4&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The kidneys contain a circadian clock that plays a key role in levels of certain blood components - such as lipids and amino ... Kidneys circadian clock regulates drug disposition, blood component levels. Published Friday 8 April 2016 Published Fri 8 Apr ... "Kidneys circadian clock regulates drug disposition, blood component levels." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 8 Apr. ... The circadian clock is the bodys natural time-keeping mechanism, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. It ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/308808.php

... to pathogenic invasion is controlled by circadian rhythms, researchers found. ... Circadian Clock Times Immune Response. The molecular response of an organism -- be it mouse or man -- to pathogenic invasion is ... To examine the influence of the circadian clock on immunity at the molecular level, Fikrigs group conducted a series of murine ... Source Reference: Silver A, et al "The circadian clock controls tool-like receptor 9-mediated innate and adaptive immunity" ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/vaccines/31235

One clock followed the artificially short 11-hr. day/11-hr. night schedule, while the other followed a longer cycle (>24 hrs ... In mammals, the endogenous daily pacemaker that regulates circadian rhythms like sleep and wakefulness is localized to a ... a regimen that effectively pushes the limits of the SCN s ability to set the clock to day length - researchers have discovered ... that underlies the workings of the circadian timing system. In humans, some of the symptoms arising from jet lag or rotating ...

https://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-28753.html

Circadian clocks provide a competitive advantage in an environment that is heavily influenced by the rotation of the Earth, by ... Photosynthetic entrainment of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock.. Haydon MJ1, Mielczarek O, Robertson FC, Hubbard KE, ... The production of sugars by photosynthesis is a key metabolic output of the circadian clock in plants. Here we show that these ... Circadian clocks comprise transcription-translation feedback loops, which are entrained by environmental signals such as light ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153186?dopt=Abstract

Circadian-controlled gene oscillations in adipose tissues.. The presence of active circadian clocks in BAT, iWAT, and eWAT was ... the expression of Clock did not follow a consistent circadian pattern in any of these tissues. Others have shown that Clock ... Characterization of Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Adipose Tissues. Sanjin Zvonic, Andrey A. Ptitsyn, Steven A. Conrad, L. ... Characterization of Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Adipose Tissues. Sanjin Zvonic, Andrey A. Ptitsyn, Steven A. Conrad, L. ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/55/4/962

... where we find out about the Body Clock! We discover the constant chemical cascade that keeps your clock in check, and how not ... seeing the sun leads to S.A.D. We probe the plant clock to explore how trees tell the time, and why even plants can suffer from ... This is presumably some kind of clock phenomenon?. Russell - It seems to be associated with a clock. A bit of background on SAD ... 36:51 - Plants have Body Clocks too!. We know our body clocks control when we need to eat, sleep and perform other important ...

https://www.thenakedscientists.com/podcasts/naked-scientists/body-clocks-and-circadian-rhythms

Per3 period circadian clock 3 [Mus musculus] Per3 period circadian clock 3 [Mus musculus]. Gene ID:18628 ... period circadian protein homolog 3. Names. circadian clock protein PERIOD 3. period homolog 3. ... Circadian rhythm, organism-specific biosystemCircadian rhythm is an internal biological clock, which enables to sustain an ... Circadian rhythm, conserved biosystemCircadian rhythm is an internal biological clock, which enables to sustain an ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/18628

Circadian clock gene expression. In humans and rodents, the expression patterns of clock genes in a variety of tissues exhibit ... The molecular circadian clock. Heterodimers of the transcription factors BMAL1 and CLOCK upregulate the expression of many ... The aging clock: circadian rhythms and later life. Suzanne Hood1 and Shimon Amir2 1Department of Psychology, Bishops ... The circadian clock and pathology of the ageing brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012;13(5):325-335.. View this article via: PubMed ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/90328

The circadian rhythm that quietly pulses inside us all, guiding our daily cycle from sleep to wakefulness and back to sleep ... The circadian clock controls the daily cycle of sleep and wakefulness by inhibiting different parts of the brain by releasing ... The circadian rhythm that quietly pulses inside us all, guiding our daily cycle from sleep to wakefulness and back to sleep ... But when a hamster that lacks circadian rhythms is put back in the box, its as if it is a whole new world for the hamster. ...

https://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/october8/hamster-100808.html

Changing the circadian clock in mouse liver can alter how the body responds to diet and also change the microbes living in the ... Disrupting the circadian clock in mouse liver alters the gut microbiome. To investigate the connection between the circadian ... One involves the circadian clock, the internal mechanism that helps orchestrate body activities such as going to sleep or when ... "Lacking a gene in the liver that drives the circadian clock was sufficient to not only change the resiliency of these male mice ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-05/bcom-ccc050417.php

A new study of the brains master circadian clock - known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN - reveals that a key pattern ... Wolpert, S. (2011, July 20). "New Evidence Of Age-Related Decline In The Brains Master Circadian Clock." Medical News Today. ... "New Evidence Of Age-Related Decline In The Brains Master Circadian Clock." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 20 Jul. ... "These results indicate that the outputs of the central circadian clock start to decline in middle age and suggest that the same ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/231345.php

This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. (springer.com)
Offering a cross-section of expertise in both basic and translational (bench-to-bedside) research, this book serves as a guide for physicians and scientists who wish to learn more about the impact of circadian rhythms on physiological processes in health and disease. (springer.com)
2009). Progesterone, but not estradiol, served to synchronize the circadian rhythms in these cells. (frontiersin.org)
The circadian clock is cell-autonomous and some, but not all cells of the body exhibit circadian rhythms in metabolism, cell division, and gene transcription. (wikipathways.org)
Bladder connexin43 levels and functional capacity show circadian oscillations in wild-type mice, but such rhythms are completely lost in Cry-null mice having a dysfunctional biological clock. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Disruption in circadian rhythms leads to increased incidence of many diseases, including metabolic disease and cancer. (nutritionreview.org)
This may explain, in part, why altered circadian rhythms in people who do shift work is associated with metabolic disorders. (nutritionreview.org)
The circadian clock orchestrates daily rhythms in metabolism, physiology and behaviour that allow organisms to anticipate regular changes in their environment, increasing their adaptation. (biomedcentral.com)
Such circadian phenotypes are underpinned by daily rhythms in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
An alternative strategy to existing assays is to use genomic microarrays to analyze circadian rhythms. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Establishing a molecular assay in humans for circadian rhythms from a single time point will allow us to identify circadian rhythm disorders, and to assess internal biological time to deliver therapies at their most efficacious time. (clinicaltrials.gov)
We will discuss the elaborate molecular mechanisms that allow circadian clocks to produce their daily rhythms and to synchronise them to its environment. (coursera.org)

Direct regulation of CLOCK expression by REV-ERB. (wikipathways.org)
Moreover, our results demonstrate that circadian alternative splicing is regulated by the interaction between distinct physiological cues, and illustrates the capability of single genes to integrate circadian signals at different levels of regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, an aspect of alternative splicing that is yet to be considered in mammals is its regulation by physiological systems such as the circadian clock. (biomedcentral.com)

Synchronized by light and darkness, the circadian clock exerts control over wake/sleep cycles, body temperature, digestion, hormonal cycles and other physiological and behavior patterns. (medindia.net)
But whether the circadian clock regulated aggressive behavior was unknown. (medindia.net)
Endogenous circadian clocks ensure that temporal patterns of physiology and behavior predict environmental changes determined by the Earth's rotation and orbit of the Sun. Such clocks are synchronized by the daily light-dark cycle. (phys.org)
A key question for circadian biologists concerns the way in which seasonal changes in day-length alter the behavior of circadian clocks over the course of the year. (phys.org)
The 24-hour internal clock controls many aspects of human behavior and physiology, including sleep, blood pressure, and metabolism. (nutritionreview.org)

The circadian or inner clock coordinates the sleep-wake rhythm and many other body processes that regulate, for example, metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune system. (phys.org)
We assume that the formation of this cryptochrome-period protein complex provides a mechanism by which the circadian clock interacts with the metabolism, while the zinc ion and the disulfide bond play an important role in regulating the stability of the complex," summarized Wolf. (phys.org)
These findings establish the Rev-erbs as major regulators of both clock function and metabolism. (nutritionreview.org)
Circadian rhythm of metabolism is important because disruption of this rhythm leads to a fatty liver. (nutritionreview.org)

The identification of circadian clocks in endocrine tissues has added considerable depth and complexity to our understanding of their physiology. (frontiersin.org)
Even given the evidence for a molecular clockwork in multiple cells of the uterus and data showing that the expression levels and/or amplitude of cycling clock genes are modulated by circulating steroids, a clear linkage to uterine physiology has yet to be clearly demonstrated. (frontiersin.org)
Identifying physiologically important downstream targets for circadian clock genes in the uterus has yet to be achieved, but research in this field promises to contribute new and important insights into normal and pathological uterine physiology. (frontiersin.org)
Circadian timekeeping is an essential biological process that influences most, if not all, aspects of eukaryotic and prokaryotic physiology. (biomedcentral.com)

Now, for the first time, a team of neuroscientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) has demonstrated circadian control of aggression in male mice and identified the specific neurons and circuitry regulating the daily pattern. (medindia.net)
Next, the scientists used genetics-based tools to manipulate neurons known to regulate the central circadian clock. (medindia.net)
Using optogenetics, a technique that uses light to activate or deactivate targeted brain cells - to map brain circuitry revealed two parallel pathways between the biological clock and a population of neurons in a sub-region of the hypothalamus (called the VMHvl) known to cause violent attacks when stimulated in male mice. (medindia.net)
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus is the major clock in the body and receives its major input from light (via retinal neurons) and a minor input from nutrient intake. (wikipathways.org)
In the new work, published in this week's issue of Current Biology, Dr David Hazlerigg and colleagues considered the possibility that distinct populations of neurons within the principal mammalian circadian clock (the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, SCN) might constitute these different oscillators. (phys.org)

The circadian clock regulates alternative splicing in a manner that is both tissue-dependent and concurrent with circadian transcript abundance. (biomedcentral.com)

Bladder muscle cells have an internal clock, and show oscillations of connexin43 and gap junction function. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Along with additional epigenetic and post-translational modification processes, core clock proteins within the suprachiasmatic nucleus serve to sustain the oscillations of peripheral clocks and rhythmic expression of downstream targets [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

the CRY and PER proteins then inhibit transactivation by BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2. (wikipathways.org)
Levels of PER and CRY proteins rise during the day and inhibit expression of CRY, PER, and other BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2-activated genes in the afternoon and evening. (wikipathways.org)
Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2. (wikipathways.org)
Among the currently investigated topics are the cryptochromes, a class of proteins associated with the circadian clock in mammals. (phys.org)
The now Mainz-based biologist hopes that further findings about the basic functioning of the cryptochrome-period complex and her aim of determining the interaction patterns of further clock proteins may help in the development of future medical treatments. (phys.org)
The researchers found that autophagic digestion selectively targets proteins controlling the circadian clock, most notably the clock protein CRY1. (yu.edu)
A circadian oscillation can be reconstituted in vitro from three proteins that cycles with a period of ∼ 24 h. (vanderbilt.edu)
One of these proteins, called Rev-erb alpha, was thought to have a subordinate role because the clock runs fairly normally in its absence. (nutritionreview.org)

A research team led by Professor Eva Wolf, recently appointed Professor of Structural Biology at the Institute of General Botany of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) and Adjunct Director at the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), has for the first time identified the molecular structure of a protein complex that plays an important role in regulating the circadian rhythm. (phys.org)

hree-dimensional structure of the mouse cryptochrome-period clock protein complex. (phys.org)
Together with another clock protein called period they form a complex, the structure of which has just been determined by Wolf's team. (phys.org)
When they knocked out both Rev-erb alpha and Rev-erb beta, they saw a loss of the rhythmic cycling of the clock protein Bmal 1's messenger RNA. (nutritionreview.org)
This SNP results in the deletion of exon 19 in the clock gene and a 51 amino acid deletion in the CLOCK protein. (wordpress.com)
Furthermore, an analysis of circadian mutant Vipr2 -/- mice revealed the existence of distinct physiological pathways controlling circadian alternative splicing and RNA binding protein expression, with contrasting dependence on Vipr2-mediated physiological signals. (biomedcentral.com)

REV-ERBA shows strong circadian rhythmicity and confers circadian expression on BMAL1. (wikipathways.org)

Farmers are limited by the seasons, but by understanding the circadian rhythm of plants, which controls basic functions such as photosynthesis and flowering, we might be able to engineer plants that can grow in different seasons and places than is currently possible,' said Xing Wang Deng, the Daniel C. Eaton Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at Yale and senior author of the paper. (thcfarmer.com)
In a study published recently in BMC Biology a team from McGill University (Quebec, Canada), led by Nicolas Cermakain, have demonstrated for the first time that enhancing circadian clock function in a cancerous cells has an impact on tumor development. (oncology-central.com)

Therefore, circadian oscillation of connexin43 is associated with the biological clock and contributes to diurnal changes in bladder capacity, which avoids disturbance of sleep by micturition. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Activating the biological clock in tumors could become an innovative approach in slowing their growth or that of metastases. (oncology-central.com)
Here the investigators exploit our newfound understanding of clock mechanisms and the development of new genomic technologies to identify novel complements of clock-regulated genes ('signatures') that will reveal the state of the internal biological clock. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The material will be of interest to those who are pursuing a career in any of the life sciences as well as anyone who has run up against their biological clock. (coursera.org)

The body's circadian clock controls an early-evening agitation known as 'sundowning,' which is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia. (medindia.net)
The nuclear hormone receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ are essential components of the body's circadian clock. (acs.org)

A growing body of research reveals circadian clock gene expression in the uterus of non-pregnant and pregnant mammals. (frontiersin.org)

The circadian clock is the internal timekeeper found in almost all organisms that helps synchronize biological processes with day and night. (thcfarmer.com)
The authors also found widespread expression of clock within several murine tissues and conserved clock gene sequences in other organisms, demonstrating the important function of this gene within the circadian system. (wordpress.com)
Over the past two decades, molecular geneticists have 'cracked' the clock to reveal its core biochemical mechanisms evident in organisms from fruit flies to humans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Many studies in a number of organisms as well as multiple organs and tissues have found that substantial fractions of the genome (2-10%) are under robust circadian clock control. (clinicaltrials.gov)

A key study to draw attention to the potential role of the circadian clock and pregnancy was that of Miller et al (2004), who reported that pregnant mice lacking the functional Clock gene (ClockΔ19) had prolonged and non-productive parturition, suggestive of a role for circadian clocks in the parturition event. (frontiersin.org)
Numerous studies have since shed light on the role of the circadian clock in cancer development in humans. (biomedcentral.com)

Transcription of the BMAL1 (ARNTL) gene is controlled by ROR-alpha and REV-ERBA (NR1D1), both of which are targets of BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 in mice and both of which compete for the same element (RORE) in the BMAL1 promoter. (wikipathways.org)
Genetic mapping and sequencing in mice confirmed the identification of the mammalian gene, clock , involved in the circadian system. (wordpress.com)

One idea for which evidence has accumulated is that circadian clocks contain coupled "morning" and "evening" oscillators that are separately synchronized to dawn and dusk. (phys.org)

These results could form the basis for new strategies for treating illnesses that are the result of circadian clock dysfunction. (phys.org)

These results are consistent with the idea that ovarian steroid levels during the estrous cycle have a modulating influence of clock gene expression in the uterus. (frontiersin.org)
The hub1-1 mutation reduced the amplitudes of a number of induced clock gene expression peaks, as well as the HUB1-mediated histone H2BUb and H3K4Me3 marks associated with the coding regions, suggesting a role for HUB1 in facilitating transcriptional elongation in plants. (ugent.be)

Yet the prevalence of circadian disruption in these patient populations is unclear because current tests are not easily applied in clinical settings or have yet to be developed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This approach will allow us to take a genomic snapshot of clock status from a single blood draw, substantially easing the diagnosis of these individuals with evidence of circadian disruption or misalignment, i.e., chronopathology. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The development of an assay from a single blood draw would represent a major step forward, facilitating assessments of circadian disruption in a range of diseases. (clinicaltrials.gov)

BMAL1:CLOCK/NPAS2 activates transcription of CRY, PER, and several other genes in the morning. (wikipathways.org)
BMAL1 can form heterodimers with either CLOCK or NPAS2, which act redundantly but show different tissue specificity. (wikipathways.org)
The BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2 heterodimers activate a set of genes that possess E-box elements (consensus CACGTG) in their promoters. (wikipathways.org)
The PER genes (PER1, PER2, PER3) and CRY genes (CRY1, CRY2) are among those activated by BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2. (wikipathways.org)
Within the nucleus the PER:CRY complexes bind BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2, inhibiting their transactivation activity and their phosphorylation. (wikipathways.org)
This reduces expression of the target genes of BMAL1:CLOCK and BMAL1:NPAS2 during the afternoon and evening. (wikipathways.org)
CK2alpha phosphorylates BMAL1 to regulate the mammalian clock. (wikipathways.org)
CLOCK and BMAL1 heterodimerise and bind to E-box elements in PERs and CRYs to drive their rhythmic transcription [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

2010) examined expression of circadian clock genes in the mouse uterus in late pregnancy and found significant daily mRNA variations ex vivo for some but not for all clock genes. (frontiersin.org)
As evidence continues to accumulate for the expression of circadian clocks in the various layers of the mammalian uterus, numerous questions arise as to the identity of the cues for entrainment of these peripheral clocks, the synchronizing mechanisms across the uterus, as well as downstream clock gene targets. (frontiersin.org)
This confers circadian expression on the genes. (wikipathways.org)
Here, we determined the effects of the hub1-1 mutation on expression of a set of diurnally induced circadian clock genes identified from a comparative microarray analysis between the hub1-1 mutant and an HUB1 over-expression line. (ugent.be)
The Yale research solved one of the last remaining mysteries in this process when they identified the gene DET1 as crucial in helping to suppress expression of the evening genes in the circadian cycle. (thcfarmer.com)
Feeding is an important circadian stimulus, and we found that fasting both modulates hepatic circadian alternative splicing in an exon-dependent manner and changes the temporal relationship with transcript-level expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Our circadian clocks are centered in the brain and control key physiological processes-sleep, body temperature, organ function, and metabolic activities such as maintaining blood glucose levels. (yu.edu)
The findings reinforced a connection researchers have observed between cancer and the circadian clock, a biological system that controls the daily schedule of physiological processes. (acs.org)
The circadian clock governs a large variety of fundamentally important physiological processes in all three domains of life. (biomedcentral.com)

Disrupting the clock can potentially lead to diabetes and other metabolic diseases. (yu.edu)
These mechanistic insights have led to the discovery of links between clock function and an ever-expanding array of prevalent diseases, including heart, lung, metabolic and sleep disorders. (clinicaltrials.gov)

This view was corroborated by the analysis of the effect of fasting on circadian alternative splicing. (biomedcentral.com)

CRY1 is a key regulator of circadian cycles and also helps maintain blood glucose levels by inhibiting the liver from forming and secreting glucose. (yu.edu)

Validated circadian exons were regulated in a tissue-dependent manner and were present in genes with circadian transcript abundance. (biomedcentral.com)

Circadian reprogramming of tumour genomes resulted in activation of numerous oncogenic pathways including those associated with cancer stem cells, suggesting that the circadian clock may influence self-renewal mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

A clock regulator, Rev-erbα, upregulates connexin43 transcription as a cofactor of Sp1, using Sp1 cis-elements of the promoter. (sigmaaldrich.com)

It can be speculated that various rhythmic events in the uterus depend on regulatory genes that are clock-driven, or that are under the control of circulating hormonal cues. (frontiersin.org)

The circadian feedback hypothesis was proposed as follows. (coursera.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms17

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Circadian clock resetting in the mouse changes with age. (1/573)

Chronopharmaceutical drug delivery systems: Hurdles, hype or hope? (2/573)

Interplay between low-temperature pathways and light reduction. (3/573)

Heritable circadian period length in a wild bird population. (4/573)

Circadian rhythms in gene expression: Relationship to physiology, disease, drug disposition and drug action. (5/573)

PERsuading nuclear receptors to dance the circadian rhythm. (6/573)

Circadian clocks in the ovary. (7/573)

Similarities in the circadian clock and photoperiodism in plants. (8/573)

Circadian Clocks

CLOCK Proteins

Circadian Rhythm

Biological Clocks

Period Circadian Proteins

ARNTL Transcription Factors

Cryptochromes

Photoperiod

Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Light

Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1

Flavoproteins

Darkness

Feedback, Physiological

Chronobiology Disorders

Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Casein Kinase Iepsilon

Transcription Factors

Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

Gene Expression Regulation

Synechococcus

Drosophila Proteins

Neurospora crassa

Activity Cycles

Nuclear Proteins

Light Signal Transduction

Melatonin

Motor Activity

E-Box Elements

Pineal Gland

Casein Kinase Idelta

Mutation

Jet Lag Syndrome

Drug Chronotherapy

Models, Biological

Oscillometry

Cell Cycle Proteins

Mammals

Periodicity

Neurospora

Trans-Activators

Flowers

Drosophila

Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase

Hypocotyl

Drosophila melanogaster

Genes, Plant

Diapause, Insect

RNA, Messenger

Eye Proteins

Phytochrome

Transcription, Genetic

Luciferases

Cyanobacteria

Temperature

Photobiology

Animals, Genetically Modified

Phytochrome B

Time Factors

NIH 3T3 Cells

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1

Molecular Sequence Data

Luminescence

Chronobiology Phenomena

Casein Kinase I

Behavior, Animal

Rod Opsins

Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

RNA, Plant

Chronotherapy

Signal Transduction

Feedback

Plants, Genetically Modified

Neuropeptides

Sleep