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Cinchona AlkaloidsCinchonaChloroacetatesQuinidineAlkaloidsQuinineStereoisomerismCatalysisQuinuclidinesKetonesRubiaceaeBiological ProductsBoliviaPlant BarkPhylogenyCapillary ElectrochromatographySilica GelPhenylcarbamatesAlkadienesSesquiterpenes, GuaianeCyclizationPhosphinesTropical MedicineMalaysiaIntuitionPeriodicals as TopicBooks
Cinchona Alkaloids
Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.
Cinchona
A genus of rubiaceous South American trees that yields the toxic CINCHONA ALKALOIDS from their bark; QUININE; QUINIDINE; chinconine, cinchonidine and others are used to treat MALARIA and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.
Chloroacetates
ACETIC ACID or acetic acid esters substituted with one or more CHLORINE atoms.
Quinidine
An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.
Alkaloids
Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Quinine
An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Catalysis
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Quinuclidines
Ketones
Rubiaceae
The Madder plant family of the order Rubiales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida includes important medicinal plants that provide QUININE; IPECAC; and COFFEE. They have opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules.
Biological Products
Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or matter derived from organisms usually obtained by biological methods or assay.
Bolivia
Plant Bark
The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Capillary Electrochromatography
A separation technique which combines LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY and CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS.
Silica Gel
A non-crystalline form of silicon oxide that has absorptive properties. It is commonly used as a desiccating agent and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY. The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID.
Phenylcarbamates
Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.
Alkadienes
Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.
Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
SESQUITERPENES cyclized into two adjoining rings, one being 7-carbons and the other is 5-carbons.
Cyclization
Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Phosphines
Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Tropical Medicine
The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.
Malaysia
A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)
Intuition
Knowing or understanding without conscious use of reasoning. (Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1994)
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
Books

Role of the choline exchanger in Na(+)-independent Mg(2+) efflux from rat erythrocytes. (1/34)

Two types of Na(+)-independent Mg(2+) efflux exist in erythrocytes: (1) Mg(2+) efflux in sucrose medium and (2) Mg(2+) efflux in high Cl(-) media such as KCl-, LiCl- or choline Cl-medium. The mechanism of Na(+)-independent Mg(2+) efflux in choline Cl medium was investigated in this study. Non-selective transport by the following transport mechanisms has been excluded: K(+),Cl(-)- and Na(+),K(+),Cl(-)-symport, Na(+)/H(+)-, Na(+)/Mg(2+)-, Na(+)/Ca(2+)- and K(+)(Na(+))/H(+) antiport, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel and Mg(2+) leak flux. We suggest that, in choline Cl medium, Na(+)-independent Mg(2+) efflux can be performed by non-selective transport via the choline exchanger. This was supported through inhibition of Mg(2+) efflux by hemicholinum-3 (HC-3), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DoTMA) and cinchona alkaloids, which are inhibitors of the choline exchanger. Increasing concentrations of HC-3 inhibited the efflux of choline and efflux of Mg(2+) to the same degree. The K(d) value for inhibition of [(14)C]choline efflux and for inhibition of Mg(2+) efflux by HC-3 were the same within the experimental error. Inhibition of choline efflux and of Mg(2+) efflux in choline medium occurred as follows: quinine>cinchonine>HC-3>DoTMA. Mg(2+) efflux was reduced to the same degree by these inhibitors as was the [(14)C]choline efflux.  (+info)

Transformation of Cinchona alkaloids into 1-N-oxide derivatives by endophytic Xylaria sp isolated from Cinchona pubescens. (2/34)

The microbial transformation of four Cinchona alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine, and cinchonine) by endophytic fungi isolated from Cinchona pubescens was investigated. The endophytic filamentous fungus Xylaria sp. was found to transform the Cinchona alkaloids into their 1-N-oxide derivatives.  (+info)

Highly stereoselective, uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymers for cinchona alkaloids in hydro-organic mobile phases. (3/34)

Highly stereoselective, uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for cinchona alkaloids, cinchonine (CN) and cinchonidine (CD), were prepared using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) as a cross-linker. The MIPs were evaluated using a mixture of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The CN- and CD-imprinted MAA-co-EDMA polymers can recognize the respective template molecule more than the other diastereomer, and afford an excellent diastereomer separation of CN and CD. In addition, the MIPs gave diastereomer separations of structurally related compounds, quinidine and quinine. The retentive and stereoselective properties of those compounds on the MIPs suggest that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions can work to recognize these compounds. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies reveal that the entropy-driven effect is significant at mobile-phase pH 5.4, while the enthalpy-driven interactions seem to be dominant at mobile-phase pH 9.6.  (+info)

The relationship of physico-chemical properties and structure to the differential antiplasmodial activity of the cinchona alkaloids. (4/34)

BACKGROUND: The 8-amino and 9-hydroxy substituents of antimalarial cinchona alkaloids have the erythro orientation while their inactive 9-epimers are threo. From the X-ray structures a 90 degrees difference in torsion angle between the N1-H1 and C9-O12 bonds in the two series is believed to be important. In order to kill the malaria parasite, alkaloids must cross the erythrocyte and parasite membranes to accumulate in the acid digestive vacuole where they prevent detoxication of haematin produced during haemoglobin breakdown. METHODS: Ionization constants, octanol/water distribution and haematin interaction are examined for eight alkaloids to explain the influence of small structural differences on activity. RESULTS: Erythro isomers have a high distribution ratio of 55:1 from plasma to the erythrocyte membrane, while for the more basic threo epimers this is only 4.5:1. This gives an increased transfer rate of the erythro drugs into the erythrocyte and thence into the parasite vacuole where their favourable conformation allows interaction with haematin, inhibiting its dimerization strongly (90 +/- 7%) and thereby killing the parasite. The threo compounds not only enter more slowly but are then severely restricted from binding to haematin by the gauche alignment of their N1-H1 and C9-O12 bonds. Confirmatory molecular models allowed measurement of angles and bond lengths and computation of the electronic spectrum of a quinine-haematin complex. CONCLUSION: Differences in the antiplasmodial activity of the erythro and threo cinchona alkaloids may therefore be attributed to the cumulative effects of lipid/aqueous distribution ratio and drug-haematin interaction. Possible insights into the mechanism of chloroquine-resistance are discussed.  (+info)

Stereochemical evaluation of the relative activities of the cinchona alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum. (5/34)

Quinine and quinidine were over 100 times more active than 9-epiquinine and 9-epiquinidine against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum and over 10 times more active against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. Since the only structural difference between quinine, quinidine, 9-epiquinine, and 9-epiquinidine is their three-dimensional configuration, the three-dimensional structures of these four alkaloids were examined in order to explain the large difference in relative activities between the 9-epi alkaloids and quinine and quinidine. The crystal structure of 9-epiquinidine hydrochloride monohydrate was determined by X-ray diffraction and was compared with the crystal structures of quinine, quinidine sulfate dihydrate, and 9-epiquinine hydrochloride dihydrate. The crystallographic parameters for 9-epiquinidine hydrochloride monohydrate were as follows: chemical formula, C20H25N2O2+.Cl-.H2O; M(r), 378.9; symmetry of unit cell, orthorhombic; space group, P2(1)2(1)2(1); parameters of unit cell, a was 7.042 +/- 0.001 A (1 A = 0.1 nm), b was 9.082 +/- 0.001 A, c was 31.007 +/- 0.005 A; the volume of unit cell was 1,983.1 +/- 0.6 A3; number of molecules per unit cell was 4; the calculated density was 1.27 g cm-3; the source of radiation was Cu K alpha (lambda = 1.54178 A); mu (absorption coefficient) was 18.82 cm-1; F(000) (sum of atomic scattering factors at zero scattering angle) was 808; room temperature was used; final R (residual index) was 5.72% for 1,501 reflections with magnitude of F(o) greater than 3 sigma (F). The intramolecular distance from N-1 to O-12 in 9-epiquinidine and 9-epiquinine, although shorter than the corresponding distance in quinine and quinidine, was similar to those of other active amino alcohol antimalarial agents. In all four alkaloids, both the hydroxyl and amine groups formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds, showing the potential for forming hydrogen bonds with cellular constituents. However, the positioning of the N+-1--H-N1 and O-12--H-O12 groups relative to each other was quite different in the 9-epi alkaloids versus quinidine. This difference in positioning may determine the relative strengths, of the formation of hydrogen bonds with cellular constituents important to antimalarial activity and, therefore, may determine the relative strength of antimalarial activity.  (+info)

Dose-dependent resorption of quinine after intrarectal administration to children with moderate Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (6/34)

The pharmacokinetics of increasing doses of an intrarectal Cinchona alkaloid combination containing 96.1% quinine, 2.5% quinidine, 0.68% cinchonine, and 0.67% cinchonidine (Quinimax) was compared to that of parenteral regimens in 60 children with moderate malaria. Quinine exhibited a nonlinear pharmacokinetics, suggesting a saturation of rectal resorption. When early rejections appeared, blood quinine concentrations decreased by 30 to 50% and were restored by an immediate half-dose administration of the drug. Rectal administration of doses of 16 or 20 mg/kg of body weight led to concentration-time profiles in blood similar to those of parenteral regimens and could be an early treatment of childhood malaria.  (+info)

Carbon nanotubes as adsorbent of solid-phase extraction and matrix for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. (7/34)

A method with carbon nanotubes functioning both as the adsorbent of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the matrix for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to analyze small molecules in solution has been developed. In this method, 10 microL suspensions of carbon nanotubes in 50% (vol/vol) methanol were added to the sample solution to extract analytes onto surface of carbon nanotubes because of their dramatic hydrophobicity. Carbon nanotubes in solution are deposited onto the bottom of tube with centrifugation. After removing the supernatant fluid, carbon nanotubes are suspended again with dispersant and pipetted directly onto the sample target of the MALDI-MS to perform a mass spectrometric analysis. It was demonstrated by analysis of a variety of small molecules that the resolution of peaks and the efficiency of desorption/ionization on the carbon nanotubes are better than those on the activated carbon. It is found that with the addition of glycerol and sucrose to the dispersant, the intensity, the ratio of signal to noise (S/N), and the resolution of peaks for analytes by mass spectrometry increased greatly. Compared with the previously reported method by depositing sample solution onto thin layer of carbon nanotubes, it is observed that the detection limit for analytes can be enhanced about 10 to 100 times due to solid-phase extraction of analytes in solution by carbon nanotubes. An acceptable result of simultaneously quantitative analysis of three analytes in solution has been achieved. The application in determining drugs spiked into urine has also been realized.  (+info)

Cinchonine, a potent efflux inhibitor to circumvent anthracycline resistance in vivo. (8/34)

Circumvention of multidrug resistance is a new field of investigation in cancer chemotherapy, and safe and potent multidrug resistance inhibitors are needed for clinical use. We investigated several analogues of quinine for their ability to increase anthracycline uptake in resistant cancer cells. Cinchonine was the most potent inhibitor of anthracycline resistance in vitro, and its activity was little altered by serum proteins. Serum from rats treated with i.v. cinchonine produced greater uptake of doxorubicin in cancer cells (DHD/K12/PROb rat colon cells and K562/ADM human leukemic cells) than did serum from quinine-treated rats (ex vivo assay). Cinchonine was more effective than quinine in reducing tumor mass and increasing the survival of rats inoculated i.p. with DHD/K12/PROb cells and treated i.p. with deoxydoxorubicin. Moreover, the acute toxicity of cinchonine in rats and mice was lower than that of other quinine-related compounds. The lower toxicity and greater potentiation of in vivo anthracycline activity produced by cinchonine are favorable characteristics for its use as an anti-multidrug resistance agent in future clinical trials.  (+info)

Cinchona alkaloid | Article about Cinchona alkaloid by The Free DictionaryCinchona alkaloid | Article about Cinchona alkaloid by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Cinchona alkaloid? Find out information about Cinchona alkaloid. or , name for species of the genus Cinchona, evergreen trees of the madder madder, common name for the Rubiaceae, a family of chiefly tropical and... Explanation of Cinchona alkaloid
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Cinchona+alkaloid
Cinchona Alkaloids | Sigma-AldrichCinchona Alkaloids | Sigma-Aldrich
In an attempt to further improve catalyst enantioselectivities, Jew and Park linked two cinchona alkaloid moieties via spacer units. With such a dimeric cinchona alkaloid (06542), enantioselectivity for the above mentioned glycine imine alkylation was optimized to 97-99% ee.1. Nucleophilic catalysts have had a wide-ranging role in the development of new synthetic methods. In particular, the cinchona alkaloids catalyze many useful processes with high enantioselectivities. Cinchona alkaloids can be used as bases to deprotonate substrates with relatively acidic protons forming a contact ion pair between the resulting anion and protonated amine. This interaction leads to a chiral environment around the anion and permits enantioselective reactions with electrophiles.. Important in many of these processes is the ability to control the formation of quaternary asymmetric centers with high enantiomeric excesses. Using the (DHQD)2AQN (456713) catalyst it is possible to affect the α-functionalization of ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/chemfiles/cinchona-alkaloids0.html
Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2]Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines Synthesis of 2 4...Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2]Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines Synthesis of 2 4...
Communications DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100706 Organocatalysis Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2] Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines: Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Azetidines** Jean-Baptiste Denis, Graldine Masson,* Pascal Retailleau, and Jieping Zhu* Chiral azetidines[1] represent an important class of fourmembered nitrogen heterocycles that have a wide range of synthetic applications,[1-3] remarkable biological activities,[1, 4] and are prevalent in natural products.[1, 5] However, in contrast to the homologous small-ring saturated nitrogen heterocycles such as aziridines, pyrrolidines, and piperidines, the synthetic approaches to enantiomerically enriched azetidines are few in number and are generally multistep processes.[1, 6, 7] Among the different synthetic routes, the formal [2+2] cycloaddition[8] is certainly one of the most powerful methods for the construction of the strained four-membered ring. However, only a few catalytic enantioselective methods have ...
https://www.docme.ru/doc/1916520/cinchona-alkaloid-amide-catalyzed-enantioselective-formal..
Cinchona Alkaloids | China-Mainland | Sigma-AldrichCinchona Alkaloids | China-Mainland | Sigma-Aldrich
The nucleophilic quinuclidine nitrogen can also be used directly as a reactive center for enantioselective catalysis. Cinchona alkaloids therefore can be used as bases to deprotonate substrates with relatively acidic protons forming a contact ion pair between the resulting anion and protonated amine. This interaction leads to a chiral environment around the anion and permits enantioselective reactions with electrophiles.. Important in many of these processes is the ability to control the formation of quaternary asymmetric centers with high enantiomeric excesses. Using the (DHQD)2AQN (456713) catalyst it is possible to affect the α-functionalization of ketones by the addition of TMSCN to the corresponding cyanohydrin in excellent yield and enantiomeric excess (Scheme 4).6. ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/chemfiles/cinchona-alkaloids.html
Cinchona. U. S. Cinchona, Cinch. [Peruvian Bark, Yellow Peruvian Bark]. Cinchona Rubra, Red Cinchona. | Henriettes Herbal...Cinchona. U. S. Cinchona, Cinch. [Peruvian Bark, Yellow Peruvian Bark]. Cinchona Rubra, Red Cinchona. | Henriettes Herbal...
Though the Peruvian bark was introduced into Europe so early as 1640, it was not until the year 1737 that the plant producing it was known to naturalists. In that year La Condamine, on a journey from Quito to Lima, through the province of Loxa, had an opportunity of examining the tree, of which, upon his return, he published a very complete description, with plate, under the name Quinquina, stating that three species were recognized. (Mem. Ac., Paris, 1738, p. 226.) Four years later, Linne proposed a new name, Cinchona, in honor of the Countess of Chinchon, who first made the bark known in Europe. Linne recognized but one species, which he called C. officinalis, and this continued for a long time to be recognized by the Pharmacopoeias as the only source of the Peruvian bark of commerce. But a vast number of plants belonging to the Linnaean genus Cinchona were in the course of time discovered; and the list became at length so unwieldy and heterogeneous that botanists were compelled to distribute ...
https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/usdisp/cinchona.html
Frontiers | Phylogeny Predicts the Quantity of Antimalarial Alkaloids within the Iconic Yellow Cinchona Bark (Rubiaceae:...Frontiers | Phylogeny Predicts the Quantity of Antimalarial Alkaloids within the Iconic Yellow Cinchona Bark (Rubiaceae:...
Considerable inter- and intraspecific variation with respect to the quantity and composition of plant natural products exists. The processes that drive this variation remain largely unknown. Understanding which factors determine chemical diversity has the potential to shed light on plant defenses against herbivores and diseases and accelerate drug discovery. For centuries, Cinchona alkaloids were the primary treatment of malaria. Using Cinchona calisaya as a model, we generated genetic profiles of leaf samples from four plastid (trnL-F, matK, rps16 and ndhF) and one nuclear (ITS) DNA regions from twenty-two Cinchona calisaya stands sampled in the Yungas region of La Paz (Bolivia). Climatic and soil parameters were characterized and bark samples were analyzed for content of the four major alkaloids using HPLC-UV to explore the utility of evolutionary history (phylogeny) in determining variation within species of these compounds under natural conditions. A significant phylogenetic signal was found for the
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00391/full
Cinchona calisaya pdfCinchona calisaya pdf
Cinchona calisaya is an evergreen Tree growing to 6 m (19ft) by 6 m (19ft) at a medium rate. These plants are native to Peru, and their barks are sources of quinine and other alkaloids that have important medical applications. sulphuric acid and add to it 3.5 ml of 1% iodine solution in ethanol, the appearance of crystals of iodosulphate of quinine (i.e., sulphate of iodo-quinine)-is known as Herpathite after the name of its discoverer. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soils. Andersson (1998) finally resolved and simplified the taxonomy of the genus Cinchona and, in particular, the confusion surrounding the identification of the quinine species of commerce. Comparison Between 2 Methods of Solid-Liquid Extraction for the Production of Cinchona calisaya Elixir: An Experimental Kinetics and Numerical Modeling Approach Daniele Naviglio.. The best results for the production of Cinchona calisaya Elixir were obtained by using Extractor Naviglio. PRIOR ...
https://center-dl.ru/qen/606289-cinchona-calisaya.html
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Cinchona tree which was used to make medicine for Malaria disappears from Kerala | Cinchona tree| cinchona plant| malaria...Cinchona tree which was used to make medicine for Malaria disappears from Kerala | Cinchona tree| cinchona plant| malaria...
Cinchona tree which was used to make medicine for Malaria disappears from Kerala, Herbal Garden | Agriculture | Mathrubhumi English
https://english.mathrubhumi.com/agriculture/herbal-garden/cinchona-tree-which-was-used-to-make-medicine-for-malaria-disappears-from-kerala-1.4713429
Cinchonidinae Sulphas. Cinchonidine Sulphate. | Henriettes Herbal HomepageCinchonidinae Sulphas. Cinchonidine Sulphate. | Henriettes Herbal Homepage
Related entry: Red Cinchona Bark. C38H46N4O6S,3H2O = 740.526.. Cinchonidine sulphate, (C19H22N2O)2,H2SO4,3H2O, is the salt of a base found in cinchona bark. It is official in the U.S.P. It occurs in the form of colourless, shining, silky crystals, neutral to litmus, without odour, but with a strong, bitter taste. It may contain either three or six molecules of water of crystallisation. Melting-point (of the anhydrous salt), 205°, with darkening. The sulphate should not lose more than 8 per cent. of its weight on drying at 100°. It should only slightly tinge concentrated sulphuric acid. Not more than a slight fluorescence should be noticeable in a solution (1 in 1000) in dilute sulphuric acid (limit of quinine and quinidine). If 5 decigrams be shaken with 20 mils of water at 15° for some time, 5 decigrams of sodium potassium tartrate added, and the mixture left with frequent shaking for an hour, the filtrate should not show more than a faint opalescence on the addition of a drop of solution of ...
https://www.henriettes-herb.com/eclectic/bpc1911/cinchona_cinc.html
Flavonoid constituents of the leaves of Cinchona ledgeriana - ABIM - An Annotated Bibliography of Indian MedicineFlavonoid constituents of the leaves of Cinchona ledgeriana - ABIM - An Annotated Bibliography of Indian Medicine
Dhar, Durga Nath and Ramesh Chand Munjal (1974) Flavonoid constituents of the leaves of Cinchona ledgeriana. [Publication] Full text not available from this repository ...
https://indianmedicine.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/35481/
Exploring the enantiorecognition mechanism of Cinchona alkaloid‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases and the basic ...Exploring the enantiorecognition mechanism of Cinchona alkaloid‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases and the basic ...
Abstract The enantiomers of trans paroxetine the selectand were separated on four chiral stationary phases incorporating either quinine ZWIX, ZWIXA or quinidine ZWIX, ZWIXA and R , R aminocyclohexanesulfonic acid in ZWIX, and ZWIXA or S , S aminocyclohexanesulfonic acid in ZWIX, and ZWIXA chiral selectors. The zwitterion nature of the phases is...
http://www.separationsnow.com/details/earlyview/10.1002/jssc.201701068/Exploring-the-enantiorecognition-mechanism-of-Cinchona-alkaloidbased-zwitterioni.html?
Cinchona (China) Officinalis mind symptoms - ABC Homeopathy in 2C-200C, 2X-200X, 1M-50M, CM & indicationsCinchona (China) Officinalis mind symptoms - ABC Homeopathy in 2C-200C, 2X-200X, 1M-50M, CM & indications
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Category:Cinchona officinalis - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Cinchona officinalis - Wikimedia Commons
APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superasterids • Cladus: asterids • Cladus: euasterids I • Ordo: Gentianales • Familia: Rubiaceae • Subfamilia: Cinchonoideae • Tribus: Cinchoneae • Genus: Cinchona • Species: Cinchona officinalis L. (1742) ...
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cinchona_officinalis
Cinchona (China) Officinalis skin symptoms - ABC Homeopathy in 2C-200C, 2X-200X, 1M-50M, CM & indicationsCinchona (China) Officinalis skin symptoms - ABC Homeopathy in 2C-200C, 2X-200X, 1M-50M, CM & indications
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Cinchonine (base and/or unspecified salts) (CAS 118-10-5) Market Research Report 2018Cinchonine (base and/or unspecified salts) (CAS 118-10-5) Market Research Report 2018
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jesuit barkjesuit bark
More than 30 alkaloids are known from the bark of this genus. Formerly, the bark in different forms was used as a drug, but later natural harvesting formed the base of the production of cinchona alkaloids. This industry was carried on principally in Germany, and the Dutch and English cinchona plantations in Java, Ceylon and India were the chief sources whence the raw material was supplied. Its main active principle, quinine is now chemically synthesized. In 1823, Dr. John Sappington of Philadelphia acquired several pounds of quinine and issued Dr. Sappingtons Fever Pills. He persuaded ministers in the Mississippi River Valley to ring the church bells every evening to alert people to take the pills, and through that enterprise, Sappington became a very wealthy man.. By the mid-19th century the Dutch and English began claiming that the South American supply of cinchona was threatened by the non-sustainable cutting practices of the indigenous harvesters. In 1839, William Dawson Hooker, son of ...
http://www.malariasite.com/tag/jesuit-bark/
qinghao - Malaria Siteqinghao - Malaria Site
More than 30 alkaloids are known from the bark of this genus. Formerly, the bark in different forms was used as a drug, but later natural harvesting formed the base of the production of cinchona alkaloids. This industry was carried on principally in Germany, and the Dutch and English cinchona plantations in Java, Ceylon and India were the chief sources whence the raw material was supplied. Its main active principle, quinine is now chemically synthesized. In 1823, Dr. John Sappington of Philadelphia acquired several pounds of quinine and issued Dr. Sappingtons Fever Pills. He persuaded ministers in the Mississippi River Valley to ring the church bells every evening to alert people to take the pills, and through that enterprise, Sappington became a very wealthy man.. By the mid-19th century the Dutch and English began claiming that the South American supply of cinchona was threatened by the non-sustainable cutting practices of the indigenous harvesters. In 1839, William Dawson Hooker, son of ...
http://www.malariasite.com/tag/qinghao/
Cinchona Bark, Cut, 4 oz (Cinchona succirubra) - Penn Herb Co. Ltd.Cinchona Bark, Cut, 4 oz (Cinchona succirubra) - Penn Herb Co. Ltd.
Copyright © 1998-2020 Penn Herb Company, Ltd. All Rights Reserved.. The information on this website is not intended as a substitute for the medical recommendations of a physician. Rather, it is intended for educational and informational purposes only. Please see a qualified healthcare professional if you have questions regarding your health. The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This web site contains links to web sites operated by other parties. Such links are provided for your convenience and reference only. We are not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site. We reserve the right to cancel any order at any time.. ...
https://www.pennherb.com/cinchona-bark-cut-4-oz-109c4
Quinine - WikipediaQuinine - Wikipedia
Quinine was also the first drug used for treatment of malaria.[40] Quinine was used as a muscle relaxant by the Quechua, who are indigenous to Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, to halt shivering due to low temperatures.[41] The Quechuas would mix the ground bark of cinchona trees with sweetened water to offset the barks bitter taste, thus producing tonic water.[citation needed] The Jesuits were the first to bring cinchona to Europe. The Spanish were aware of the medicinal properties of cinchona bark by the 1570s or earlier: Nicolás Monardes (1571) and Juan Fragoso (1572) both described a tree that was subsequently identified as the cinchona tree and whose bark was used to produce a drink to treat diarrhea.[42] Quinine has been used in unextracted form by Europeans since at least the early 17th century. It was first used to treat malaria in Rome in 1631. During the 17th century, malaria was endemic to the swamps and marshes surrounding the city of Rome. Malaria was responsible for the deaths of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine
Cinchona - WikispeciesCinchona - Wikispecies
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Cinchona in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Mar. 1 ...
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cinchona
Trumps Kool-Aid - Global ResearchGlobal Research - Centre for Research on GlobalizationTrumps Kool-Aid - Global ResearchGlobal Research - Centre for Research on Globalization
Chloroquine was developed by German chemists as a direct descendant of quinine, which is derived from the bark of the Amazonian cinchona tree. Spanish conquistadors learned from native people to use cinchona bark to combat malaria. Mixed with gin, favored by the British, it became a West Indian afternoon staple - gin and tonic.. During World War II, American soldiers and marines were fed another cinchona offspring, atabrine, which made them sick from liver damage and turned some GIS blue.. Vanity Fair magazine claims in its current issue that some of Trumps business cronies had a plan to flood the greater New York City area with the two chloroquines after the president promoted its anti-COVID properties. This would not be surprising, given Trumps use of his hotel and golf clubs for official business.. On a curious sidebar, Trumps biggest fan, Brazils loopy new right-wing president, Jair Bolsonaro, is in hot water at home for dismissing COVID-19 as a cold, promoting quack remedies and ...
https://www.globalresearch.ca/trumps-kool-aid/5710833
Organocatalytic stereoisomerization versus alkene isomerization: Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1-hydroxy-trans -2,5...Organocatalytic stereoisomerization versus alkene isomerization: Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1-hydroxy-trans -2,5...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Organocatalytic stereoisomerization versus alkene isomerization. T2 - Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1-hydroxy-trans -2,5-diphenylphospholane 1-oxide. AU - Hintermann, Lukas. AU - Schmitz, Marco. AU - Maltsev, Olegv. AU - Naumov, Pance. PY - 2013/1/11. Y1 - 2013/1/11. N2 - The potential for an organocatalytic asymmetric stereoisomerization or alkene isomerization as atom-economic reaction with minimal structural change was investigated. The McCormack cycloaddition of 1,4-diarylbuta-1,3-dienes with (dialkylamino)dichlorophosphane and aluminum trichloride gives meso-2,5-diaryl-1-(dialkylamino)-1-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-phospholes, which were identified as suitable substrates for asymmetric isomerization to (1R,5R)-2,5-diaryl-1-(dialkylamino)-1-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-phospholes in the presence of bifunctional organocatalysts (cinchona alkaloids, Takemoto catalyst) in up to 91% ee and quantitative yield. The substrate range and the mechanism of the catalysis were studied. The reaction ...
https://nyu-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/organocatalytic-stereoisomerization-versus-alkene-isomerization-c
Vladimir Prelog - WikipediaVladimir Prelog - Wikipedia
Prelogs main interest was focused on alkaloids. He found an ideal topic in the elucidation of the structure of solanine; he continued his work on Cinchona alkaloids and started to investigate strychnine. He showed that Robert Robinsons formula for strychnine was not correct. Although the formula he proposed was also not the right one, the discovery increased his international prestige. Later he worked on elucidating the structures of aromatic Erythrina alkaloids with Derek Barton, Oskar Jeger and Robert Burns Woodward.[12] At mid-century, the instrumental revolution necessitated a new approach to structural elucidation. Purely chemical methods had become outdated and had lost some of their intellectual appeal. Recognizing the growing importance of microbial metabolites, Prelog started working on these compounds, which possess unusual structures and interesting biological properties. It led him into antibiotics, and he subsequently elucidated the structures of such compounds as nonactin, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog
All Faculty and Research Staff Publications | UW-Madison Department of ChemistryAll Faculty and Research Staff Publications | UW-Madison Department of Chemistry
Zheng SQ, Schienebeck CM, Zhang W, Wang HY, Tang WP. Cinchona Alkaloids as Organocatalysts in Enantioselective Halofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2014 ;3:366-376. ...
http://www.chem.wisc.edu/publications?amp%3Bamp%3Bf%5Bauthor%5D=22350&%3Bf%5Bauthor%5D=23067&f%5Bauthor%5D=16021
Ojo bingo, Tugain 5 lotion priceOjo bingo, Tugain 5 lotion price
It helps most men with ED improve their erections. Recommendations for the pharmacological management of neuropathic pain: an overview and literature update! [43] [44] On the same night, cost of azulfidine McMahon formed an alliance with Stone Cold Steve Austin, helping him defeat The Rock to gain another WWF Championship! Due to the loss of Indonesia in World War II, the source for cinchona alkaloids, a precursor of quinidine, was reduced? Unfortunately, nizoral cream canada Staph infections can sometimes turns into MRSA, which is a type of Staph that has become immune to common antibiotics? *Hemodiyalizde olan hastalarda hemodiyaliz sonrası Valtrex dozu uygulanmalıdır? Patients who have repeated bouts of sinusitis, ojo bingo as well as those who are immunocompromised should be considered to possibly have a fungal sinusitis? This product is not suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding patients. In light of all of the other statutory grounds for trials setting preference offered in cases not ...
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SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CALOTROPIS PLANT IN CONTROLLING CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN BASIC SOLUTIONSYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF CALOTROPIS PLANT IN CONTROLLING CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN BASIC SOLUTION
INTRODUCTION. Mild steel is widely used in chemical industries due to its low cost and easy availability for fabrication reaction of vessel, tanks, pipeline and boiler, because it suffer from severe corrosion in aggressive environments, it has to be protective. The corrosion of metal in aqueous solution occurs in two steps oxidation and reduction. Oxidation reaction takes place at anode, whereas reduction takes place at cathode. The cathodic reaction may be either by evolution of hydrogen and absorption of oxygen.. Mild steel is a reactive metal to reduce the corrosion problem in these environment inhibitive effects of various naturally occurring substance like Datura stramonium1, Tannin beet root, Tamarind, Tealeaves, Pomegranate juice, Saponin2, Embellica officinalis, Terminalia bellerica, a mixture of the later three Spindus trifolianus, Acacia concianna, Swerti aungustifolia and quinoline based cinchona alkaloids as well as very popular ayurvadic powder Mahasudarshana chuma, Prosopis ...
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-97072009000100020&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Sinton JA, Bird W (1929) - The James Lind Library The James Lind LibrarySinton JA, Bird W (1929) - The James Lind Library The James Lind Library
Studies in Malaria, with special reference to treatment. Part XI: The Cinchona alkaloids in the treatment of benign tertian malaria. Indian Journal of Medical Research 16: 725-746. ...
https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/sinton-ja-bird-w-1929/
中国科学院上海有机化学研究所机构知识库(SIOC OpenIR): Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with arylidene malonates catalyzed by Pr...中国科学院上海有机化学研究所机构知识库(SIOC OpenIR): Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with arylidene malonates catalyzed by Pr...
The cheap and simple Pr-i-bisoxazoline-Cu(OTf)(2) proves to be an efficient catalyst in the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indole with arylidene malonates. In (BuOH)-Bu-i, the S-enantiomer was obtained in up to 97% ee, while the opposite enantiomer was obtained in up to 78% ee in CH2Cl2 or TTCE ...
http://ir.sioc.ac.cn/handle/331003/19289
Quinine from Cinchona Bark: A potent bitter herb, misunderstood | Medicinal-Foods™Quinine from Cinchona Bark: A potent bitter herb, misunderstood | Medicinal-Foods™
Quinine inpsired the synthetics Chloroquine & Hydroxychloroquine and was used traditionally to treat malaria and influenza-type illnesses
https://medicinal-foods.com/quinine-cinchona-bark-potent-bitter-herb/
homemade tonic - Tess Posthumushomemade tonic - Tess Posthumus
These days everybody is making homemade tonic water. Unfortunately, this is quite a tricky job because making tonic water involves using cinchona bark. As you might know, cinchona bark consists of quinine, which is toxic. Bartenders and home bartenders these… ...
http://tessposthumus.com/tag/homemade-tonic/
Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators? | BodybuildingSelective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulators? | Bodybuilding
Youve probably heard of SERMS (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) and SARMS (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators). These are synthetic hormones that
http://www.athletespower.com/bodybuilding/selective-glucocorticoid-receptor-modulators/
Punk Psychologist: Homeopathy Is Antiscience (Part 1)Punk Psychologist: Homeopathy Is Antiscience (Part 1)
Quite. Homeopaths select these remedies according to a principle known as the Law of Similars, or Like cures like. In 1790, the German physician Samuel Hahnemann noticed that cinchona bark, which contains quinine and had long been used as a malaria remedy, actually produced some of the symptoms of malaria when taken by a healthy person (namely himself). Unfortunately for homeopaths, it may be that Hahnemanns reaction to the cinchona was in fact simply the result of an undiagnosed allergy. Nevertheless, it led him to wonder if a general principle of similarity could be used to discover new remedies, and to classify the chaotic muddle of herbal and mineral preparations that constituted the materia medica of the day. He therefore embarked on a series of experiments upon himself and others, to test for the pathological effects of various substances, including mercury, belladonna, tobacco and nux vomica. Family, friends, students and colleagues submitted themselves to these provings, and by ...
http://punkpsychologist.blogspot.com/2008/10/homeopathy-is-antiscience-part-1.html
Quinine bark tree, Koynel | GardentiaQuinine bark tree, Koynel | Gardentia
A medium size tree of which the bark has properties of curing Malaria. Quinine is the extracted from the bark of this tree. However, even the slightest excess of this medicine causes deafness. There are a number of other alkaloids that are extracted from this tree. They include cinchonine, cinchonidine and quinidine. Introduced in India from its native place-Amazon rain forests ...
http://gardentia.net/2014/11/12/quinine-bark-tree-koynel/
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur,...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur,...
This book is a monograph on the treatment of malaria. It has nine chapters and ninety-one pages. Each chapter treats of a distinct phase of the subject and a perusal of the chapter titles given below will give a good idea of the scope of the work. The first impression gained in reading this book is that the author is giving the reader the results of his own personal experience and that although references are frequent the subject matter is true first hand knowledge. Chapter I: Cinchona Febrifuge. This is evidently a proprietary article, considerably used throughout the British dependencies and without legally defined composition. The author pleads for its standardization. Chapter II: The Relative Merits of the different Alkaloids of Cinchona in Malaria.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1924.s1-4.229
Quinine Bark (Red Cinchona) Glycerite Liquid Extract (1:5) - No Flavor - 1 oz - ZIN: 516409Quinine Bark (Red Cinchona) Glycerite Liquid Extract (1:5) - No Flavor - 1 oz - ZIN: 516409
This plant originated in the high valleys of the Andes and there are several species found in Bolivia, Colombia and on the slopes of Chimborazo in northern
http://www.zooscape.com/cgi-bin/maitred/GreenCanyon/questp516409/jornada35242299
WhatIsOrmus - Om-1034-Hpc Ormus Minerals Homeopathic Cinchona Officinalis - Quinine BarkWhatIsOrmus - Om-1034-Hpc Ormus Minerals Homeopathic Cinchona Officinalis - Quinine Bark
Ormus Minerals for Natural Nutritional Energy and how it can bless your life and health. What is Ormus? Well it is something that is all around us in the Air, Water, Land and the food we eat. Now with todays technology we have learned how to use it as a Energy Nutrition supplement to help our lives be fuller of Life.
http://whatisormus.com/Om-1034-Hpc-Ormus-Minerals-Homeopathic-Cinchona-Officinalis-Quinine-Bark.html
July 11, 2020 Drying Flowers & Herbs, National Rainier Cherry Day, David Prain, Charles Joseph Sauriol, Charles Sumner Lambie,...July 11, 2020 Drying Flowers & Herbs, National Rainier Cherry Day, David Prain, Charles Joseph Sauriol, Charles Sumner Lambie,...
1857 On this day in Fettercairn Scotland, the amateur botanist David Prain was born.. He would ultimately become the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Calcutta and Kew.. In 1887, David was sent to Calcutta to be the curator of the herbarium. While he was there, he researched Indian Hemp along with crops like Wheat, Mustard, Pulses, and Indigo. But, Davids most crucial work involved Cinchona plantations. The bark of Cinchona trees contains quinine, which is used to treat malaria. In Davids obituary, it said that he set up a system with the local post offices to send quinine to every Indian village and undoubtedly saved countless lives.. After David returned to England, he became the director at Kew. During his tenure, David implemented many notable changes. David oversaw the effort to have the medicinal garden installed at Cambridge Cottage, and he acquired the Japanese gateway for the 1910 Japan-British exhibition. In terms of promotional efforts, David also reinstated the Kew ...
https://thedailygardener.org/tdg20200711/
China bark - definition of china bark by The Free DictionaryChina bark - definition of china bark by The Free Dictionary
Define china bark. china bark synonyms, china bark pronunciation, china bark translation, English dictionary definition of china bark. n another name for cinchona2 n., pl. -nas. 1. any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Cinchona, of the madder family, native to the Andes, esp.
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/china+bark
Ladies With Bottle: New Drinks for 2008 - Mixers - Tonic WatersLadies With Bottle: New Drinks for 2008 - Mixers - Tonic Waters
Quinine was discovered as a cure for Malaria in 1638 when the wife of the Spanish Viceroy in Peru, the Countess of Cinchona, had fallen violently ill with the disease. Her husband begged the local Incas for an antidote. The Incas instructed her to drink a potion containing the ground bark of the native Quinquina tree, which grew on the slopes of the Andes. The potion worked and she quickly recovered. In her honour, the Spanish renamed the Peruvian tree the Cinchona tree ...
http://ladies-with-bottle.blogspot.com/2008/01/new-drinks-for-2008-mixers-tonic-waters.html
Botanical Extracts | Autism Supplements CenterBotanical Extracts | Autism Supplements Center
Quina is an extract produced from the bark of Cinchona calisaya, a tree from SouthAmerica that is found between 1,400 meters and 2,800 meters above sea level. Nutramedix utilizes a proprietary extraction and enhancement process that makes this product far more effective than any other cinchona calisaya product available.. Quina is known for its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties and is an effective in providing overall immune system support for the body.. $40.00 .... Continue Reading → ...
http://autismsupplementscenter.com/category/botanical-extracts/
Cinchona in South China Botanical Garden Herbarium @ efloras.orgCinchona in South China Botanical Garden Herbarium @ efloras.org
Description from Flora of China. Kinkina Adanson; Quinquina Boehmer.. Shrubs or usually trees, unarmed; buds flattened with stipules erect and pressed together; bark usually notably bitter. Raphides absent. Leaves opposite, decussate, usually with well-developed domatia; stipules caducous, interpetiolar or shortly united around stem, ligulate to obovate, entire. Inflorescences terminal and often also in axils of uppermost leaves, cymose to paniculiform, many flowered, pedunculate, bracteate. Flowers pedicellate, bisexual, fragrant, usually distylous. Calyx limb 5-lobed. Corolla yellow, pink, purple, red, or occasionally white, salverform or funnelform, inside glabrous or pubescent in throat, with tube often weakly 5-ridged outside; lobes 5, valvate in bud, with margins densely ciliate to villous. Stamens 5, inserted in corolla tube, included to partially exserted; filaments short to developed, glabrous; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 2-celled, ovules many in each cell on axile placentas; stigma ...
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=600&taxon_id=107094
Cinchona Project, correspondence with National Arboretum | Smithsonian Institution ArchivesCinchona Project, correspondence with National Arboretum | Smithsonian Institution Archives
Close Browse oral and video history collections containing interviews with current and retired Smithsonian staff, and others who have made significant contributions to the Institution. Pre-set filters help narrow searches by major topics or disciplines. ...
https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/fbr_item_modsi708
Cinchona officinalis | Semantic ScholarCinchona officinalis | Semantic Scholar
Musset Rene. Larbre a quinquina : son ecologie ; etat de la culture. In: Annales de Geographie, t. 51, n°285, 1942. pp. 64-67 ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Cinchona-officinalis/1785254
China officinalis. (Cinchona.) - SENSATIONS AS IF - A Repertory of Subjective Symptoms. By Herbert A. ROBERTS, M. D.China officinalis. (Cinchona.) - SENSATIONS AS IF - A Repertory of Subjective Symptoms. By Herbert A. ROBERTS, M. D.
EYES AND VISION : Sand in eyes :- Am-br., Am-m., Ang., Ars., Apis, Apoc., Asc-t., Aur., Bar-c., Bell., Berb., Bry., Cann-s., Carb-v., Caust., Chel., Chin., Chin-m., Chlol., Cob., Con., Cor-r., Dig., Elaps, Euph., Euphr., Fago., Ferr., Fl-ac., Form., Gast., Grat., H m., Hep., Hura, Ign., Jac., Kali-bi., Kali-m., Kali-p., Lach., Led., Lith., Luna, Lyc., Med., Merc., Myric., Nat-m., Nat-p., Nit-ac., Op., Ox-ac., P on., Peti., Petr., Phos-ac., Phos., Phyt., Pic-ac., Plat., Psor., Puls., Rad., Rhod., Rhus-t., Rhus-v., Sep., Sil., Sol-n., Spig., Stram., Sulph., Syph., Tarent., Thuj., Upas, Urt-u., Vib., Xanth., Zinc., Zing ...
http://homeoint.org/books1/robertsasif/chin.htm
CINCHONA EXTRACT - IndenaCINCHONA EXTRACT - Indena
Please note that this documentation is available for various countries all over the world and hence it may contain statements not applicable to your country.. ...
http://us.indena.com/products-us/cinchona-extract/
Alfa Aesar™ 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-bromoindole, 97% 1g Alfa Aesar™ 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-bromoindole, 97%Alfa Aesar™ 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-bromoindole, 97% 1g Alfa Aesar™ 3-(2-Aminoethyl)-5-bromoindole, 97%
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https://www.fishersci.co.uk/shop/products/3-2-aminoethyl-5-bromoindole-97/15450459
Polymer Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Composites and Semi-fluorinated Quaternary Ammonium Polymer Colloids and...Polymer Functionalized Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Composites and Semi-fluorinated Quaternary Ammonium Polymer Colloids and...
POLYMER FUNCTIONALIZED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES AND SEMI-FLUORINATED QUATERNARY AMMONIUM POLYMER COLLOIDS AND COATINGS By ABHIJIT PAUL Bachelor of Science in Chemistry Assam University Silchar, Assam 2001 Master of Science in Polymer Science Tezpur University Tezpur, Assam 2003 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July, 2012ii POLYMER FUNCTIONALIZED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES AND SEMI-FLUORINATED QUATERNARY AMMONIUM POLYMER COLLOIDS AND COATINGS Dissertation Approved: Dr. Warren T. Ford Dissertation Adviser Dr. Kenneth D. Berlin Dr. Jeffery L. White Dr. Kevin D. Ausman Dr. James P. Wicksted Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate Collegeiii PREFACE In my Ph.D. research I have studied single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) polymer composites that potentially have unique combination of excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, ...
http://dc.library.okstate.edu/cdm/ref/collection/Dissert/id/73887/
The Economist explains - Why homeopathy is nonsense | The Economist explains | The EconomistThe Economist explains - Why homeopathy is nonsense | The Economist explains | The Economist
VISIT any health shop and you are likely to see them: packages of homeopathic remedies claiming to cure whatever ails you, from coughs and fever to insomnia and asthma. Flip the package of medicine, however, and you may be confused by the listed ingredients. Some claim to contain crushed bees, stinging nettles and even arsenic, as well as sugars such as lactose and sucrose. Americans alone spend some $3 billion a year on homeopathic medicines. What are they thinking?. The history of homeopathy - literally, similar suffering - dates back to the late 18th century. Samuel Hahnemann, a German doctor, was unimpressed by contemporary medicine, with good reason. Doctors used leeches to let blood and hot plasters to bring on blisters, which were then drained. In 1790, Hahnemann developed a fever that transformed his career. After swallowing powder from the bark of a cinchona tree, he saw his body temperature rise. Cinchona bark contains quinine, which was already known to treat malaria. Hahnemann ...
https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2014/04/01/why-homeopathy-is-nonsense
ANEMIA | I LOVE HOMEOPATHYANEMIA | I LOVE HOMEOPATHY
Cyclamen which is similar in many respects, differs from Pulsatilla in dreading the fresh air. Cinchona is the great remedy for anaemia resulting from loss of fluids, as in lactation or haemorrhage, or from all exhausting discharges, such as menstrual flows, long-lasting diarrhoea, and sexual excesses ; but of the latter only those resulting in the loss of semen. The quality of the blood is actually poorer in cases calling for Cinchona. Special symptoms are heaviness of the head, loss of sight, fainting and ringing in the ears, sour belching, poor digestion and bloated abdomen. The patient is sensitive to draughts of air and yet wants to be fanned. Natrum muriaticum is also a remedy for ansemic and debilitated conditions due to loss of fluids, especially in women who suffer from menstrual disorders and in chronic cases with a dead, dirty-looking skin. Chininum arsenicosum is sometimes prescribed for anemia, not, however, on the totality of the symptoms, but because it is said to be good for it ...
http://ilovehomoeopathy.com/anemia/
I am on Day 5 of HCQ Testimony | Peak ProsperityI am on Day 5 of HCQ Testimony | Peak Prosperity
Good Afternoon -. I am not a doctor so please consider that. I will tell you what was recommended to us in the UN as a malarial prevention plan, and what was considered safe out of medical expert advice.. Please remember there are many types of chloroquine - that is quinine-based medicines - and there is also cinchona bark -one original source of quinine used for centuries by peoples living in malarial zones.. I speak here of HCQ hydroxychloroquine sulphate. This was developed to be softer on the liver mainly for people to use for Lupus and for Arthritis . Prior to that chloroquine phosphate was popular.. To prevent malaria and what I am now on as a prevention for COVID is 400 mg of HCQ per WEEK - so only once per week. I would consider myself of low exposure so this dose is maybe not right for a doctor or other front liner…I am 61 - ex light smoker.. If we got malaria and there was no clinic where we were, then we were to take one 400 mg per day for five days.. We would go on the preventive ...
https://www.peakprosperity.com/forum-topic/i-am-on-day-5-of-hcq-testimonq/
Products - VOS SelectionsProducts - VOS Selections
The original recipe for this libation was created by Gaetan Picon around 1837. Picon was born in Genoa, Italy and moved to France as a young man. He apprenticed in a number of distilleries in southern France. His interest in chemistry and the botanical properties of plants came in handy while serving in the French foreign legion in Algiers, Algeria, when he and a number of other soldiers were stricken with malaria. He concocted what he called tisane or tea. The recipe was a mixture he remembered his grandmother preparing for him when he suffered from malaria as a young man. It was, in fact, a neutral alcohol infused with dried orange peel and steeped, to this he added dried gentian root, cinchona bark (quinine), sugar syrup, spices, herbs and caramel. Apparently, it was a successful remedy, so successful that his superiors ordered him to produce it for all the troops. Amer was born! Originally referred to as Amer Africain, the concoction was around 80 proof (perhaps another reason it found ...
https://vosselections.com/shop/?filter_producer=wolfberger&source_id=148&source_tax=product_cat&product_cat=spirit&filter_country=france
Bartenders find complexity in new aperitifs - SFGateBartenders find complexity in new aperitifs - SFGate
Smith says more bartenders are satisfying this desire by dipping into the little-known well of French aperitif wines known as quinquinas and their Italian counterparts, chinati. While vermouths subtle bitterness traditionally comes from wormwood, quinquinas and chinati acquire their bite from quinine, a substance found in cinchona bark that is also used to flavor tonic water. Along with the distinctive flavor, these wines share with tonic water a history as a pharmaceutical. In 1846, while vying for a government reward for creating a palatable quinine-delivery vehicle, Parisian chemist Joseph Dubonnet introduced the first successful quinquina, flavored with chamomile, green coffee beans, cinnamon and more. When combined with other ingredients in a base of mistelle - partially fermented grape juice mixed with higher-proof alcohol - its character is simultaneously juicy and bone dry. While Bonal is a new entry to the U.S. market, Cocchi Americano has been sporadically available in the Bay Area for
https://www.sfgate.com/food/article/Bartenders-find-complexity-in-new-aperitifs-3261831.php
Enantioselective bifunctional iminophosphorane catalyzed sulfa-Michael addition of alkyl thiols to unactivated β-substituted-α...Enantioselective bifunctional iminophosphorane catalyzed sulfa-Michael addition of alkyl thiols to unactivated β-substituted-α...
The highly enantioselective sulfa-Michael addition of alkyl thiols to unactivated β-substituted-α,β-unsaturated esters catalyzed by a bifunctional iminophosphorane (BIMP) organocatalyst is described. The low acidity of the alkyl thiol pro-nucleophiles is overcome by the high Brønsted basicity of the catalyst ISACS19: Challenges in Organic Chemistry
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/sc/c6sc02878k
Quinine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaQuinine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Quinine has a bitter taste. It was first added to drinks like Bitter Lemon and Tonic Water Quinine was added to have some protection against Malaria. In China, it is sometimes added to drugs against the Common cold. Quinine is also often used to add a bitter taste to food. Usually this has to be declared though. Quinine can also stimulate the muscles of the uterus. For this reason, pregnant women should not take too much of it. Sometimes it is used in combination with Heroin. ...
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine
Using quinine tablets for treatment of malaria - preschollcraftsUsing quinine tablets for treatment of malaria - preschollcrafts
In case you or your loved one is afflicted with malaria or certain other diseases or afflictions then you might have to start using quinine tablets for treatment of malaria or for those specific medical conditions. Quinine is in the forefront for fighting malaria in several countries although it has lost favor with the FDA in America.. Quinine is extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree and has been used since well over three centuries to fight malaria. Quinine is known to kill the P.Falciparum parasite that is responsible for spreading malaria into the body and causing death in case of inadequate treatment. There are different methods of administering quinine to patients such as by intravenous drips or injections or in the form of tablets. While quinine is extremely bitter and can easily induce vomiting if administered in its natural form, quinine tablets that contain quinine sulfate with other ingredients to make it palatable can be given to both adults and children. These tablets are ...
http://preschollcrafts.com/preschollcrafts/using-quinine-tablets-for-treatment-of-malaria/
Using quinine tablets for treatment of malaria - WauwbettUsing quinine tablets for treatment of malaria - Wauwbett
In case you or your loved one is afflicted with malaria or certain other diseases or afflictions then you might have to start using quinine tablets for treatment of malaria or for those specific medical conditions. Quinine is in the forefront for fighting malaria in several countries although it has lost favor with the FDA in America.. Quinine is extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree and has been used since well over three centuries to fight malaria. Quinine is known to kill the P.Falciparum parasite that is responsible for spreading malaria into the body and causing death in case of inadequate treatment. There are different methods of administering quinine to patients such as by intravenous drips or injections or in the form of tablets. While quinine is extremely bitter and can easily induce vomiting if administered in its natural form, quinine tablets that contain quinine sulfate with other ingredients to make it palatable can be given to both adults and children. These tablets are ...
https://wauwbett.com/wauw-bett/using-quinine-tablets-for-treatment-of-malaria/
Know all about what is quinine - Beat-the-lottoKnow all about what is quinine - Beat-the-lotto
If you need to go in for medical treatment that involves the use of quinine or wish to consume products that contain quinine then you should know all about what is quinine. It is certainly important to understand more about this potent drug as well as its side-effects.. Quinine is extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree. The malaria-fighting abilities of this bitter-tasting drug were discovered by the Quechua Indians several centuries ago and its popularity soon reached the shores of Europe, USA, and the rest of the world where malaria was rampant. While quinine was primarily used to treat malaria during the seventeenth century, it was also used to treat arthritis, lupus, as well as leg cramps since it also acted as a muscle relaxant while possessing anti-inflammatory properties too. Quinine was administered orally in the form of quinine sulfate tablets and also delivered in intravenous form to patients including children that had contacted malaria. Adults usually had to consume around 600 ...
http://beat-the-lotto.com/beat-the-lotto/know-all-about-what-is-quinine/
Therapeutic effects of quinine in a mouse model of atopic dermatitisTherapeutic effects of quinine in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis
Quinine, an alkaloid derived from the bark of cinchona in the Andean forests, was the first effective treatment for malaria (32). Studies have reported that the TAS2R agonist can inhibit IgE secretion in a mouse model of asthma, thus relieving the clinical symptoms (12,13). Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of quinine on AD-like mice. The results demonstrated that quinine treatment effectively attenuated AD-like symptoms in mice, reducing the dermatitis severity score, serum IgE levels and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as alleviating the pathological damage, inhibiting the expression of genes related to the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the inflammatory response and promoting the expression of the skin-protective protein FLG. It was also found that quinine reduced cytokine levels in the AD-like mice. These results suggested that the topical application of quinine may provide a novel therapeutic regimen for the treatment AD, as well as ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2021.11952
Tease your taste buds with bubbly tonic water quinine - Beat-the-lottoTease your taste buds with bubbly tonic water quinine - Beat-the-lotto
Your desire to enjoy a cool and fizzy drink with a completely unique flavor can be realized when you tease your taste buds with bubbly tonic water quinine. Tonic water infused with very small quantity of naturally derived quinine offers a bitter-sweet flavor that your taste buds will surely remember for a very long time.. Quinine was actually used for a completely different reason three centuries ago when people all around the world were searching for ways to beat back malaria. This wonder drug was derived from the bark of the cinchona tree and over the years given orally and intravenously to treat malaria as well as lupus, arthritis, and leg cramps. However, in recent times, quinine seems to have fallen out with the modern world as news of several unwanted side effects such as irregular heart beats, blurred vision, skin rashes, diarrhea, vomiting, and a few more started to surface within patients. As a result, the FDA banned use of quinine for medical treatment although it was allowed for ...
http://beat-the-lotto.com/beat-the-lotto/tease-your-taste-buds-with-bubbly-tonic-water-quinine/
Tease your taste buds with bubbly tonic water quinine - GetquinineTease your taste buds with bubbly tonic water quinine - Getquinine
Your desire to enjoy a cool and fizzy drink with a completely unique flavor can be realized when you tease your taste buds with bubbly tonic water quinine. Tonic water infused with very small quantity of naturally derived quinine offers a bitter-sweet flavor that your taste buds will surely remember for a very long time.. Quinine was actually used for a completely different reason three centuries ago when people all around the world were searching for ways to beat back malaria. This wonder drug was derived from the bark of the cinchona tree and over the years given orally and intravenously to treat malaria as well as lupus, arthritis, and leg cramps. However, in recent times, quinine seems to have fallen out with the modern world as news of several unwanted side effects such as irregular heart beats, blurred vision, skin rashes, diarrhea, vomiting, and a few more started to surface within patients. As a result, the FDA banned use of quinine for medical treatment although it was allowed for ...
http://getquinine.com/quinine/tease-your-taste-buds-with-bubbly-tonic-water-quinine/
QuinidineQuinidine
Quinidine is an alkaloid obtained from various species of Cinchona or its hybrids, from Remijia pedunculata, or from quinine. Quinidine is the dextror
http://www.brainkart.com/article/Quinidine_28073/
A History of the G&T: Quinine & Malaria - The GremlinA History of the G&T: Quinine & Malaria - The Gremlin
The origins of tonic water ultimately lie in mankinds age-old fight against malaria. Or at least the discovery of quinine does (and just as well too). Quinine is the key ingredient that creates the gentle bitterness in tonic water and is theorized to be toxic to the malarial pathogen by interfering with the parasites ability to dissolve and metabolize the red protein in blood responsible for transporting oxygen.. In the 1600s, with the world plagued by malaria-carrying mosquitos, a Jesuit monk called Agostino discovered that native Indians who would chew the bark of the Cinchona Tree when they had a fever would see their fever subside. He wondered whether it could do the same with malaria - and hey presto! The bark was sent across Europe as medicine and for the first time ever there was a way to prevent the epidemic spreading.. In the 1800s, we saw the first Indian Tonic Waters created as the British soldiers stationed in India mixed their daily ration of quinine with a spoonful of sugar ...
https://www.thegremlin.co.za/2019/05/02/a-history-of-the-gt-quinine-malaria/
Quinine sulfate and bacterial invasion | Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials | Full TextQuinine sulfate and bacterial invasion | Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials | Full Text
Antimalarial drugs were first discovered in the seventeenth century [1], two and one-half centuries before the causative agent of malaria was identified. As no other drug before it, quinine, the first antimalarial agent derived from the cinchona tree, helped to shape todays world by enabling explorers and colonists from Europe to survive in tropical countries and to build their colonial empires despite lethal tropical malaria. When physicians were asked to choose the ten most important drugs being used in medicine in 1945, quinine and quinacrine were preceded only by penicillin, sulfonamides and blood derivatives [2]. The antimalarial activity of quinoline antimalarial drugs can be attributed to the interfering with hemoglobin digestion in the blood stages of the malaria parasites life cycle. The parasite degrades the host hemoglobin, in an acidic food vacuole, to generate amino acids for its own protein synthesis, and producing free heme and reactive oxygen species as toxic by-products. The ...
https://ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-0711-1-5
Fever Bark - Herbal EncyclopediaFever Bark - Herbal Encyclopedia
In the past the Alstonia tree, also known as Milkwood because of its milky sap, provided a popular fever tonic which was thought to rival quinine.. The bitter taste contributed to its nickname of Bitter Bark and which led to its reputation as a quinine alternative since that plant was equally bitter. It could not fully rival that of the cinchona (quinine) species, but it did eventually prove to be a useful medicine for other reasons, especially in lowering blood pressure.. The Aborigines collected the sap on a twig and put it on small sores. It was handled with great care, as eye contact could cause blindness. ...
https://www.cloverleaffarmherbs.com/fever-bark/
Combating malaria in Solomon Islands | Global EducationCombating malaria in Solomon Islands | Global Education
Early treatment reduces the severity and length of the illness. Quinine harvested from the bark of the cinchona tree in present-day Peru and Ecuador was traditionally the main form of treatment. While quinine interrupts the parasites breeding cycle, it is short acting and can have serious side effects.. In the 1940s a synthetic medicine, chloroquine, was introduced. It was inexpensive, safe and provided long-lasting protection against all forms of malaria. However, poor usage led to the development of resistance.. Since the 1980s a new drug based on a traditional Chinese herb, qinghaosu, has been used. The active ingredient is artemisinin, and it has significantly contributed to the decline of malaria. Artemisinin is used in combination with other drugs to reduce the development of resistance. ...
https://globaleducation.edu.au/3292.html
Fat Knowledge: 2007Fat Knowledge: 2007
Cattle will develop a taste for locoweed that can prove fatal; bighorn sheep will grind their teeth to useless nubs scraping a hallucinogenic lichen off ledge rock. Siegel suggests that some of these adventurous animals serves as our Virgils in the garden of psychoactive plants. Goats, who will try a little bit of anything, probably deserve credit for the discovery of coffee: Abyssinian herders in the tenth century observed that their animals would become particularly frisky after nibbling the shrubs bright red berries. Pigeons spacing out on cannabis seeds (a favorite food of many birds) may have tipped off the ancient Chinese (or Aryans or Scythians) to that plants special properties. Peruvian legend has it that the puma discovered quinine: Indians observed that sick cats were often restored to health after eating the bark of the cinchona tree. Tukano Indians in the Amazon noticed that jaguars, not ordinarily herbivorous, would eat the bark of the yaje vine and hallucinate; the Indians who ...
http://fatknowledge.blogspot.fi/2007/
Briwydd y gors - WicipediaBriwydd y gors - Wicipedia
Llwyn blodeuol syn hannu or is-drofannau yw Briwydd y gors syn enw benywaidd. Maen perthyn ir teulu Rubiaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Galium palustre ar enw Saesneg yw Common marsh bedstraw.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Briwydden y Gors, Briwydd, Gwendon, Gwendon y Gors, Gwenwlydd y Gors. Gelwir y teulu Rubiaceae yn deulur coffi ar lafar. Ar wahân i goffi ceir aelodau eraill or teulu syn syn cyfrannun helaeth i economi gwledydd e.e. Or planhigyn Cinchona, y daw quinine. Mae gan y planhigyn hwn ddail syml, cyflawn, cyferbyn âi gilydd, coronigau tiwbaidd ac ofari isradd. ...
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briwydd_y_gors
Briwydd felen - WicipediaBriwydd felen - Wicipedia
Llwyn blodeuol syn hannu or is-drofannau yw Briwydd felen syn enw benywaidd. Maen perthyn ir teulu Rubiaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Galium verum ar enw Saesneg yw Lady`s bedstraw.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Briwydden Felen, Brigaur Twynau, Briger y Twynau, Ceilion, Ceulion, Ceulon, Cywer y Llaeth, Llys y Cywer. Gelwir y teulu Rubiaceae yn deulur coffi ar lafar. Ar wahân i goffi ceir aelodau eraill or teulu syn syn cyfrannun helaeth i economi gwledydd e.e. Or planhigyn Cinchona, y daw quinine. Mae gan y planhigyn hwn ddail syml, cyflawn, cyferbyn âi gilydd, coronigau tiwbaidd ac ofari isradd. ...
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briwydd_felen
Herbatint Permanent Herbal Haircolour Gel 4d Golden Chestnut - 135 MlHerbatint Permanent Herbal Haircolour Gel 4d Golden Chestnut - 135 Ml
Servings Per Container: 0 Pack contains 1 Herbatint Haircolour Gel 60ml, 1 Glycol Developer 60ml, 1 sample of either Royal Cream Conditioner or Shampoo 10ml, 1 pair gloves, 1 leaflet giving directions for use. Other Ingredients: Haircolor Gel: laureth-5, propylene glycol, water, peg-2 oleamine, ethanolamine, walnut extract, rhubarb extract, cinchona extract, aloe extract, meadowfoam extract, birch extract, cetrimonium chloride, echinacea augustifolia extract, hamamelis virginiana extract, sodium sulfite, ascorbic acid, tetrasodium edta, resorcinol, m-o-p aminophenol, 2 amino 3 hydroxypiridine, m-p phenylenediamine. Glycol Developer: water, hydrogen peroxide, etidronic acid, wild marjoram extract, thyme extract, cinnamon extract, rosemary extract, lavender extract, golden seal root extract, peg-40 hydrogenated castor oil, propylene glycol, simethicone. Royal Cream conditioner: water, mallow extracts, rosemary extract, behentrimonium chloride, wheat bran lipids, fragrance. Warnings This product ...
https://www.hbees.com/products/herbatint-permanent-herbal-haircolour-gel-4d-golden-chestnut-135-ml.html
Pre-Surgical and Post-Surgical Treatment - Healthy.netPre-Surgical and Post-Surgical Treatment - Healthy.net
Arnica 30 helps to slow or stop bleeding after surgery. Phosphorus 30 is the primary remedy for helping to stop bleeding when Arnica does not work adequately. Ipecacuanha 30 is indicated when there is much bleeding of bright red blood, often accompanied by nausea. Secale 30 is effective in treating uterine bleeding that is aggravated by heat and relieved by cold. Cinchona 30 is helpful for people whose bleeding and general loss of fluids lead them to feel weak and faint and have ringing in the ears. This remedy is sometimes indicated several weeks, months, or years after much fluid has been lost, after either an illness or an operation. Arsenicum 30 is useful when profuse bleeding leads to great weakness, burning pains, restlessness, anxiety, and fear, along with a characteristically large thirst for only sips at a time ...
https://healthy.net/2000/12/06/pre-surgical-and-post-surgical-treatment/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pre-surgical-and-post-surgical-treatment
PHOSPHORICUM ACIDUM - A Text-Book of Materia Medica. By Pr. Allen Corson CowperthwaitePHOSPHORICUM ACIDUM - A Text-Book of Materia Medica. By Pr. Allen Corson Cowperthwaite
Acid Phosphoricum Dilutum.). Common name.- Diluted Phosphoric Acid.. General Analysis.-. The chief sphere of action of Phosphoric Acid is upon the nervous system, in which, from waste of nerve tissue or from depression, it produces debility, without erethism (with erethism, Cinchona), giving rise to conditions simulating those which result from continued grief, over-exertion of mind or body, sexual excess, etc.. Through this influence its chief local effects are upon the kidneys and male sexual organs, and next upon the bones and skin, as indicated by its pathogenesis.. Characteristic symptoms.. Mind.- (Phosphoricum acidum). Weakness of memory. (Anac., Agn., Ambr., Kreos., Lach., Merc., Natr. mur., Nux m.). Quiet ; perfectly indifferent (Berb., Selen., Sep.) ; difficult comprehension ; imbecility.. Incapacity for thought. (Aeth., Cimic., Gels., Nux v.). Disinclination to talk ; answers questions reluctantly. (Agar., Phos.). Homesickness (Caps., Hell.), with inclination to weep.. Quiet delirium, ...
http://homeoint.org/seror/cowperthwaite/pho_ac.htm
Herbatint, Permanent Haircolor Gel, 8D, Light Golden Blonde, 4.56 fl oz (135 ml) - iHerbHerbatint, Permanent Haircolor Gel, 8D, Light Golden Blonde, 4.56 fl oz (135 ml) - iHerb
Certified B Corporation: Certified B Corporations are leaders of the global movement of people using business as a force for good.. 40 Years of Expertise Dedicated to Beauty and Health of Colored Hair.. Herbatint Permanent Haircolor Gel covers your grey effectively while taking care of your hair thanks to:. A Gentle and Unique Formula. A carefully balanced formulation, result of rigorous testing, achieving for each shade the perfect color result in the most gentle manner possible.. Natural Ingredients. The 8 organic herbal extracts, specifically selected to nourish and protect your hair and scalp, enhance your hairs color intensity and leave you with a natural, long lasting result.. Aloe Vera: Protects and nourishes hair during coloring. Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam): Moisturizes and adds shine to the hair. Betula Alba (White Birch): Toning and soothing properties. Cinchona Calisaya: Strengthens and protects the scalp. Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel): Rich in flavonoids and essential oils, ...
https://www.iherb.com/pr/herbatint-permanent-herbal-haircolor-gel-8d-light-golden-blonde-4-56-fl-oz-135-ml/5085
China. Homeopathy | WikBioChina. Homeopathy | WikBio
China (Cinchona officinalis - Yellow Quina)Pathogenesis OR MENTAL SYMPTOMS OF CHINA1 - () This tired and bored of life is very unfortunate and thinks that nothing is worth, has a wish to die, there is strong suicidal tendency (to jump out a window), but lacks the courage to carry it out , because at the same time is afraid to die.2 - () is apatheti
http://wikbio.com/en/china-homeopathy
Planar-Chiral Hydrogen-Bond Donor Catalysts : Synthesis, Application and Structural Analysis. (eBook, 2010) [WorldCat.org]Planar-Chiral Hydrogen-Bond Donor Catalysts : Synthesis, Application and Structural Analysis. (eBook, 2010) [WorldCat.org]
Get this from a library! Planar-Chiral Hydrogen-Bond Donor Catalysts : Synthesis, Application and Structural Analysis.. [Jakob Schneider]
https://www.worldcat.org/title/planar-chiral-hydrogen-bond-donor-catalysts-synthesis-application-and-structural-analysis/oclc/1003266389
Synthesis of Bromoindole Alkaloids from Laurencia brongniartiiSynthesis of Bromoindole Alkaloids from Laurencia brongniartii
A regioselective synthesis of N-carbomethoxy-2,3,5-tribromoindole (6) via a sequential one-pot bromination?aromatization?bromination of N-carbomethoxyindoline (2) is described. The process for the transformation of 2 into 6 permitted the isolation of stable reaction intermediates N-carbomethoxy-5-bromoindoline (3), N-carbomethoxy-5-bromoindole (4), and N-carbomethoxy-3,5-dibromoindole (5). Compound 6 was used to complete the total synthesis of the natural products 1b and 1c. In addition, bromination of N-carbomethoxyindole (11) afforded N-carbomethoxy-2,3,6-tribromoindole (13), from which the natural product 1a was synthesized. ...
https://www.uaeh.edu.mx/investigacion/productos/3285/
Asymmetric Addition of Alkylzinc Reagents to Cyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and a Tandem Enantioselective Addition...Asymmetric Addition of Alkylzinc Reagents to Cyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and a Tandem Enantioselective Addition...
Abstract. An asymmetric 1,2-addition of alkyl groups to conjugated cyclic enones gave allylic alcohols with chiral quaternary centers. The resultant allylic alcohols are converted into epoxy alcohols with excellent diastereoselectivities. A semipinacol rearrangement provided α,α-dialkyl-β-hydroxy ketones with all-carbon chiral quaternary centers.. ...
https://www.organic-chemistry.org/abstracts/literature/144.shtm
Lipase-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of oxathiazinanones through dynamic covalent kinetic resolutionLipase-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of oxathiazinanones through dynamic covalent kinetic resolution
This thesis is built on the concepts of constitutional dynamic chemistry and dynamic kinetic resolution, where reversible covalent reactions are used to generate dynamics and kinetically controlled reactions are employed for resolution. The thesis is divided into two parts:. The first section focuses on the study of dynamic systemic resolution, a concept derived from constitutional dynamic chemistry. Three projects are addressed in this section: 1) lipase-catalyzed resolution of a double parallel dynamic system involving both hemiacetal formation and nitroaldol reaction; 2) resolution of a dynamic α-iminonitrile system through a silver-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition process; 3) resolution of a dynamic imine system via organogelation. Both external and internal selection pressures are applied for the resolution of complex dynamic systems.. The second section explores the asymmetric synthesis of two types of heterocycles through dynamic kinetic resolution. In the first example, a series of ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:732401
organic chemistry - Friedel-Crafts reaction of phenol - Chemistry Stack Exchangeorganic chemistry - Friedel-Crafts reaction of phenol - Chemistry Stack Exchange
To add to @user223679s answer. Phenol can react via two pathways with acyl chlorides to give either esters, via O-acylation, or hydroxyarylketones, via C-acylation.. However, phenol esters also undergo a Fries rearrangement under Friedel-Crafts conditions to produce the C-alkylated, hydroxyarylketones. This reaction is promoted by having an excess of catalyst present, either a Lewis acid such as $\ce{AlCl3}$ or strong Brønsted acids such as $\ce{HF}$ and $\ce{TfOH}$.. This paper reports yields of >90% (up to 99%) O-acylated products when phenol, and various derivatives is reacted with acyl chlorides in 1% $\ce{TfOH-CH3CN}$ solutions.. In neat $\ce{TfOH}$, yields of >90% C-acylated products are reported for phenol, and many ortho- and para-substituted derivatives, but significantly lower yields of 40-50% C-acylation are reported for meta substituted derivatives.. Additionally, various phenol esters were heated in neat $\ce{TfOH}$ and yields of >90% of the C-acylated Fries rearrangement products ...
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/31531/friedel-crafts-reaction-of-phenol
Molecular tectonics: gas adsorption and chiral uptake of (l)- and (d)-tryptophan by homochiral porous coordination polymers -...Molecular tectonics: gas adsorption and chiral uptake of (l)- and (d)-tryptophan by homochiral porous coordination polymers -...
Combinations of two enantiomerically pure organic tectons 1 and 3 with either Zn(ii) or Cu(ii) cations lead to the formation of four homochiral 3D networks among which two, 1-Cu and 3-Cu, are robust porous crystals displaying homochiral cavities and permanent microporosity. 3-Cu porous crystals capture 66% a
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cc/c7cc01554b
Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Trifluoroacet by Dmitry A. Borkin, Shainaz M. Landge et al.Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Trifluoroacet by Dmitry A. Borkin, Shainaz M. Landge et al.
The first direct asymmetric synthetic preparation of trifluoro-1-(indol-3-yl)ethanols (TFIEs) is described by an enantioselective organocatalytic method from indoles and inexpensive trifluoroacetaldehyde methyl hemiacetal. The reaction is catalyzed by hydroquinine to produce TFIEs in an almost quantitative yield and with enantioselectivities up to 75% at room temperature. The enantioselectivity is strongly dependent on the concentration of substrates and catalyst due to the competitive noncatalyzed reaction. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/chem-facpubs/59/
Alfa Aesar™ Di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, 98% | Fisher ScientificAlfa Aesar™ Di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate, 98% | Fisher Scientific
Di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate is a reagent used in the preparation of acyl hydrazinedicarboxylates. It is also used in the electrophilic amination of beta-keto esters catalyzed by an axially chiral guanidine. It serves as a precursor in an enantioselective synthesis of 3,6-dihyropyridazines employing organocatalysts such as L-proline or (S)-2-pyrrolidinyl tetrazole. It is also utilized in the asymmetric Friedel-Crafts amination through a chiral organocatalyst. Further, it acts as a reactant for preparation of hexapeptide key fragments through stereo selective selenocyclization/oxidative deselenylation reactions. In addition to this, it is employed as a starting material in the synthesis of pyrroloisoquinoline template through stereoselective N-acyliminium-mediated cyclization and enolate amination for preparation of peptidomimetic compounds and Barbier-type propargylation reactions ...
https://www.fishersci.ca/shop/products/di-tert-butyl-azodicarboxylate-98-4/aal0029414
Items where Year is 2001 - MURAL - Maynooth University Research Archive LibraryItems where Year is 2001 - MURAL - Maynooth University Research Archive Library
Barnes-Holmes, Dermot and Hayes, Steven C. and Roche, Bryan (2001) The (not so) strange death of stimulus equivalence. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 2 (1). pp. 35-41. ISSN 1502-1149 Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne and Barnes-Holmes, Dermot and Roche, Bryan and Smeets, Paul M. (2001) Exemplar Training and a Derived Transformation of Function in Accordance with Symmetry. The Psychological record, 51 (2). pp. 287-308. ISSN 0033-2933 Barnes-Holmes, Yvonne and Barnes-Holmes, Dermot and Roche, Bryan and Smeets, Paul M. (2001) Exemplar Training and a Derived Transformation of Function in Accordance with Symmetry: II. The Psychological record, 51. pp. 589-603. ISSN 0033-2933 Bartley, Brendan and Waddington, Shelagh B. (2001) The emergence and evolution of urban planning in Ireland. Geographical Viewpoint, 29. pp. 7-14. ISSN 0332-4877 Beaumont, Andrew J. and Kiely, Christopher and Rooney, A. Denise (2001) Synthesis of novel chiral quaternary phosphonium fluorides: reagents for simple asymmetric ...
http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/view/year/2001.html
SSOE - People - Beckman, Eric JSSOE - People - Beckman, Eric J
Beckman, E.J., In press, The Use of Carbon Dioxide as both Reactant and Solvent: Sequestration ofCO2 via the Production of Chemical Products, Recent Res. Adv. Biotech. Bioeng... Munshi, P., and Beckman, E.J., 2011, Ambient carboxylation on a supported reversible CO2 carrier: ketone to beta-keto ester, Green Chem., no.2, pp. 376-383.. Buckley, M.J., and Beckman, E.J., 2010, Adhesive use in oral and maxillofacial surgery, Oral and Maxill. Clin. N. Amer., no.1, pp. 195-199.. Munshi, P., Beckman, E.J., and Padmanabhan, S., 2010, Combined influence of fluorinated solventand base in Friedel-Crafts reaction of toluene and CO2, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., no.14, pp. 6678-6682.. Munshi, P., Ghosh, A., Beckman, E.J., Patel, Y., George, J., Sullivan, S.Z., Pulla, S., Ramidi, P., and Malpani, V., 2010, Tuning catalyst solubility in CO2 by changing molar volume, Green Chem. Lett. Rev., no.4, pp. 319-328.. Sivak, W.N., Zhang, J., Petoud, S., and Beckman, E.J., 2010, Degradative release as a function ...
http://www.engineering.pitt.edu/EricBeckman/
Building and Fire PublicationsBuilding and Fire Publications
A hydrolytically stable triarylphosphine oxide containing dicarboxylic acid monomer bis(4-carboxyphenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide P(O)(Ph)(C6H4COOH)2 was synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reactions and chemically incorporated into the
http://www.fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/fire95/art148.html
13734-41-3 - N-Boc-L-valine, 98+% - Boc-L-Val-OH - N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-valine - A16007 - Alfa Aesar13734-41-3 - N-Boc-L-valine, 98+% - Boc-L-Val-OH - N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-valine - A16007 - Alfa Aesar
Masami Kuriyama; Takahiro Soeta; Xinyu Hao; Qian Chen; Kiyoshi Tomioka. N-Boc-L-Valine-Connected Amidomonophosphane Rhodium(I) Catalyst for Asymmetric Arylation of N-Tosylarylimines with Arylboroxines. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, (26),8128-8129. Takahiro Soeta; Masami Kuriyama; Kiyoshi Tomioka. Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to β-aryl-α,β-unsaturated N-2,4,6-triisopropylphenylsulfonylaldimines with use of N-Boc-l-Val-connected amidophosphane-copper(I) catalyst. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70, (1),297-300. ...
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Specific Polymers - Downloads - PRESS RELEASESpecific Polymers - Downloads - PRESS RELEASE
SPECIFIC POLYMERS addresses and proposes to its community a wide range of functional monomers and polymers. Among them, more and more research have been achieved in the past five years on nitrogen based functionalities This newsletter takes you along our portfolio of N-functional R&D products. We are able to provide N-functional monomers, to work on their polymerization in order to provide custom designed neutral polymers or achieve their quaternization to obtain corresponding polymeric salts ...
http://specificpolymers.fr/downloads/index/PRESS%20RELEASE
Analogues of tamoxifen: the role of the basic side-chain. Applications of a whole-cell oestrogen-receptor binding assay to N...Analogues of tamoxifen: the role of the basic side-chain. Applications of a whole-cell oestrogen-receptor binding assay to N...
Derivatives of tamoxifen (1) and 4-hydroxy-2-methyltamoxifen (2) in which the basic side chain has been modified by N-oxidation or by quaternization have been investigated with respect to the effects on affinity for the oestrogen receptor and on cytostatic activity towards the MCF-7 cell line in vit …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3450298/?dopt=Abstract
Synthesis of Homochiral Pharmaceuticals using Effective Enantioselective Biocatalysts | SpringerLinkSynthesis of Homochiral Pharmaceuticals using Effective Enantioselective Biocatalysts | SpringerLink
Scientists, both in academia and industry, as well as regulatory authorities become more and more aware of the importance of enantioselectivity in drug innovation. About 25% of the medicines used...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-1354-0_15
First one-dimensional homochiral stairway-like Cu(ii) chains: crystal structures, circular dichroism (CD) spectra,...First one-dimensional homochiral stairway-like Cu(ii) chains: crystal structures, circular dichroism (CD) spectra,...
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.
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70th AHCA/NCAL Convention & Expo70th AHCA/NCAL Convention & Expo
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OrganocatalysisOrganocatalysis
The cinchona alkaloids, certain oligopeptides. Synthetic catalysts derived from biomolecules. Hydrogen bonding catalysts, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organocatalysis
C2-Symmetric ligandsC2-Symmetric ligands
Examples include cinchona alkaloids and certain phosphoramidites. P-Chiral monophosphines have also been investigated. Chiral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2-Symmetric_ligands
CinchonineCinchonine
... is an alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis. It is used in asymmetric synthesis in organic chemistry. It is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchonine
Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylationSharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
Chiral Auxiliary: This is usually some kind of cinchona alkaloid. Stoichiometric Oxidant: Peroxides were among the first ... cycloaddition pathways for the bis-cinchona alkaloid-OsO4 catalyzed dihydroxylation of olefins by means of kinetic isotope ... that an enzyme-like binding pocket is crucial to the enantioselective dihydroxylation of olefins by OsO4-bis-cinchona alkaloid ... Additional Evidence That an Enzyme-like Binding Pocket Is Crucial for High Enantioselectivity in the Bis-Cinchona Alkaloid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpless_asymmetric_dihydroxylation
CinchonidineCinchonidine
... is an alkaloid found in Cinchona officinalis and Gongronema latifolium. It is used in asymmetric synthesis in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchonidine
Alma Levant HaydenAlma Levant Hayden
2. A study of the cinchona alkaloids in potassium bromide disks. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc 1960;49:497-502. Hayden AL. ... 2. A study of the cinchona alkaloids in potassium bromide disks". Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 49 (8): ... 1. Application of the potassium bromide disk technique to some steroids, alkaloids, barbiturates, and other drugs. J Am Pharm ... 1. Application of the potassium bromide disk technique to some steroids, alkaloids, barbiturates, and other drugs". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Levant_Hayden
Asymmetric hydrogenationAsymmetric hydrogenation
Cinchona alkaloids have been used as chiral modifiers for enantioselectivity hydrogenation. An alternative technique and one ... organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of quinolines and their application in the synthesis of alkaloids". Angewandte Chemie ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_hydrogenation
Vladimir PrelogVladimir Prelog
He found an ideal topic in the elucidation of the structure of solanine; he continued his work on Cinchona alkaloids and ... He performed research in his spare time, investigating alkaloids in cacao bark.[citation needed] Prelog wanted to work in an ... Later he worked on elucidating the structures of aromatic Erythrina alkaloids with Derek Barton, Oskar Jeger and Robert Burns ... Prelog's main interest was focused on alkaloids. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog
Porphyria cutanea tardaPorphyria cutanea tarda
Protoporphyrin IX Complexes of the Antimalarial Cinchona Alkaloids Quinine and Quinidine". ACS Chemical Biology. 7 (4): 666-71 ... hydrogen bond between a propionate side chain of the porphyrin and the protonated quinuclidine nitrogen atom of either alkaloid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyria_cutanea_tarda
Asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidationAsymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation
Phase-transfer catalysis of nucleophilic epoxidation is also possible using cinchona-based alkaloid catalysts. Phase-transfer ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_nucleophilic_epoxidation
Baylis-Hillman reactionBaylis-Hillman reaction
β-ICD, a cinchona alkaloid derivative, is famous among the quinidine framework-based catalysts. 1,1,1,3,3,3,- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baylis–Hillman_reaction
DihydroquinidineDihydroquinidine
... (also called hydroquinidine) is an organic compound, a cinchona alkaloid closely related to quinine. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroquinidine
Hydrogen-bond catalysisHydrogen-bond catalysis
... in tandem asymmetric reactions generating nonadjacent stereocenters with bifunctional catalysis by Cinchona alkaloids". J. Am. ... In the Jacobsen synthesis of (+)-yohimbine, an indole alkaloid, an early enantioselective Pictet-Spengler reaction using a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-bond_catalysis
1820 in science1820 in science
Joseph Bienaimé Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier isolate the alkaloids cinchonine and quinine from Cinchona bark. Friedrich ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820_in_science
Electrophilic fluorinationElectrophilic fluorination
N-fluoroammonium salts of cinchona alkaloids represent the state of the art for reactions of this type. In addition, these ... reagents are easily synthesized from Selectfluor and the parent alkaloids. Electrophilic N-F fluorinating reagents incorporate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_fluorination
Amoebic liver abscessAmoebic liver abscess
In 1921, John[who?] used quinine hydrochloride, an alkaloid of cinchona in the treatment of amoebic liver abscess. Later when ... The introduction of cinchona into therapeutics was due to the discovery of its efficacy in malaria. ... The medical virtues of ipecac are almost entirely due to the action of its alkaloids-emetine and cephaline. Till today, emetine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebic_liver_abscess
DihydroquinineDihydroquinine
... , also known as hydroquinine, is an organic compound and as a cinchona alkaloid closely related to quinine. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroquinine
Kinetic resolutionKinetic resolution
Dihydroxylation of Secondary Allylic 4-Methoxybenzoate Esters Using a Mechanistically Designed Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyst". J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_resolution
History of malariaHistory of malaria
It would be nearly 200 years before the active principles, quinine and other alkaloids, of cinchona bark were isolated. Quinine ... The first effective treatment for malaria came from the bark of the cinchona tree, which contains quinine. After the link to ... Ledger managed to get seeds out; in 1865, the Dutch government cultivated 20,000 trees of the Cinchona ledgeriana in Java ( ... Guerra F. (1977). "The introduction of Cinchona in the treatment of malaria". J Trop Med Hyg. 80 (6): 112-18, 135-40. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_malaria
Malaria prophylaxisMalaria prophylaxis
The first treatment identified is thought to be Quinine, one of four alkaloids from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Originally ... By the mid-1880s the Dutch had grown vast plantations of cinchona trees and monopolised the world market. Quinine remained the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_prophylaxis
Michael reactionMichael reaction
... such as asymmetric quaternary ammonium salts derived from the Cinchona alkaloids; or organocatalysis, which uses enamine or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_reaction
ProcainamideProcainamide
Due to the loss of Indonesia in World War II, the source for cinchona alkaloids, a precursor of quinidine, was reduced. This ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide
Lectka enantioselective beta-lactam synthesisLectka enantioselective beta-lactam synthesis
Cinchona alkaloids (BQ and BQd) are readily available and relatively inexpensive natural products that have features making ... Chiral ketene enolate formation via nucleophilic activation by the cinchona alkaloid facilitates enantioselective and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectka_enantioselective_beta-lactam_synthesis
Phase-transfer catalystPhase-transfer catalyst
... which are catalyzed by chiral quaternary ammonium salts derived from cinchona alkaloids. Ionic transfer Katole DO, Yadav GD. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-transfer_catalyst
RubiaceaeRubiaceae
The bark of trees in the genus Cinchona is the source of a variety of alkaloids, the most familiar of which is quinine, one of ... Economically important species include Coffea, the source of coffee, Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine ... The leaves of the Kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa) contain a variety of alkaloids, including several psychoactive alkaloids ... Cinchona is the national tree of Ecuador and Peru. The International Coffee Day is held each year on September 29. Alberta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiaceae
Diaporthe litchicolaDiaporthe litchicola
"Alkaloid profile of endophytic Diaporthe spp. from Cinchona calisaya." Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina 18.1 (2016). Fan, Xin-Lei ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaporthe_litchicola
Ross Island Penal ColonyRoss Island Penal Colony
During this time the authorities also embarked on testing of pharmaceutical drugs like quinine (cinchona alkaloid) by forcibly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Island_Penal_Colony
James Alexander GammieJames Alexander Gammie
Wood's process for extracting the cinchona alkaloid using a solvent, fusel alcohol, from which the alkaloids were precipitated ... cinchona plantations in Mungpoo in northeastern India and in introducing a process for the extraction of cinchona alkaloids at ... who as Secretary of State also supported his work at the cinchona plantations. The snake Lycodon gammiei was named after him. ... working for about four years until he was selected by the Secretary of State for India in August 1865 to manage the cinchona ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Alexander_Gammie
Helma WennemersHelma Wennemers
... to electrophiles using cinchona alkaloid derived catalysts. The introduction of fluorinated MAHTs and MTMs allowed for the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helma_Wennemers
QuinidineQuinidine
... reported in a leading Viennese medical journal that quinidine was the most effective of the four principal cinchona alkaloids ... The effects of cinchona bark (the botanical source from which quinidine is extracted) had been commented on long before the ... It is a stereoisomer of quinine, originally derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. The drug causes increased action ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine
QuinineQuinine
The Jesuits were the first to bring cinchona to Europe. The Spanish were aware of the medicinal properties of cinchona bark by ... O'Connor SE, Maresh JJ (August 2006). "Chemistry and biology of monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis". Natural Product ... The US had obtained four million cinchona seeds from the Philippines and began operating cinchona plantations in Costa Rica. ... To maintain their monopoly on cinchona bark, Peru and surrounding countries began outlawing the export of cinchona seeds and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine
HerbalismHerbalism
Datura stramonium has been used in Ayurveda for various treatments, but contains alkaloids, such as atropine and scopolamine, ... An example of a herbal medicine resource: the bark of the cinchona tree contains quinine, which today is a widely prescribed ... Sick animals tend to forage plants rich in secondary metabolites, such as tannins and alkaloids.[90] Because these ... Müller, JL (1998). "Love potions and the ointment of witches: historical aspects of the nightshade alkaloids". J Toxicol Clin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbology
Amoebic liver abscessAmoebic liver abscess
In 1921, John[who?] used quinine hydrochloride, an alkaloid of cinchona in the treatment of amoebic liver abscess. Later when ... The medical virtues of ipecac are almost entirely due to the action of its alkaloids-emetine and cephaline. Till today, emetine ... The introduction of cinchona into therapeutics was due to the discovery of its efficacy in malaria. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebic_liver_abscesses
AlkaloidAlkaloid
... cinchona).[173] Furthermore, different tissues of the same plants may contain different alkaloids.[174] ... a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Chemical Encyclopedia: isoquinoline alkaloids. xumuk.ru ... Iboga-type alkaloids[125] Ibogamine, ibogaine, voacangine[125] Aspidosperma-type alkaloids[125] Vincamine, vinca alkaloids,[26] ... a b c d Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids. xumuk.ru *^ Roberts, M. F. (Margaret F.) (1998). Alkaloids : Biochemistry, Ecology, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid
Medicinal plantsMedicinal plants
The bark of the cinchona tree contains the alkaloid quinine, traditionally given for malaria. ... Alkaloids[edit]. Further information: Alkaloids. Alkaloids are bitter-tasting chemicals, very widespread in nature, and often ... Chemical and biological aspects of "Narcissus" alkaloids. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology. 63. pp. 87-179. doi:10.1016/ ... contain nine groups of alkaloids including galantamine, licensed for use against Alzheimer's disease. The alkaloids are bitter- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants
সিনকোনা - উইকিপিডিয়াসিনকোনা - উইকিপিডিয়া
Druilhe, P.; ও অন্যান্য। "Activity of a combination of three Cinchona bark alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro"। ... "Genus Cinchona"। Taxonomy। UniProt। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১০-০২-১৩।. *↑ Motley, Cheryl। "Cinchona and its product--Quinine"। ... Peru offers a branch of cinchona to Science (from a 17th-century engraving): Cinchona, the source of Peruvian bark, is an early ... Henry G. Greenish (১৯২০)। "Cinchona Bark (Cortex Cinchonae). Part 3"। A Text Book Of Materia Medica, Being An Account Of The ...
https://bn.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/সিনকোনা
Quinine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaQuinine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Quinine [1] is an alkaloid which can reduce fever, work against malaria, pain and swelling. The bark of the Cinchona family of ...
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine
Kafeina bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasKafeina bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Kafeina[3][4], atau lebih populernya kafein, ialah senyawa alkaloid xantina berbentuk kristal dan berasa pahit yang bekerja ... by several doctors to be a medicine that reduces fevers and because coffee belongs to the same family as the cinchona [quinine ... dijumpai pada berbagai sumber kafeina alami disebabkan oleh sumber-sumber kafeina tersebut juga mengandung campuran alkaloid ...
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina
PhytochemistryPhytochemistry
AlkaloidsEdit. Further information: Alkaloids. Alkaloids are bitter-tasting chemicals, very widespread in nature, and often ... Cinchona), vincamine (Vinca minor), and vincristine (Catharanthus roseus).[5][11] ... The opium poppy Papaver somniferum is the source of the alkaloids morphine and codeine.[5] ... The alkaloid nicotine from tobacco binds directly to the body's Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, accounting for its ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytochemistry
Feist-Benary synthesisFeist-Benary synthesis
... modification is the enantioselective interrupted Feist-Benary reaction with a chiral auxiliary based on the cinchona alkaloid ... This type of alkaloids is also used in asymmetric synthesis in the AD-mix. The alkaloid is protonated throughout the reaction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feist–Benary_synthesis
Joseph Bienaimé CaventouJoseph Bienaimé Caventou
Quinine is the active anti-malarial ingredient in the bark of cinchona tree. Neither of the partners chose to patent their ... In 1823 they discovered nitrogen in alkaloid compounds. Other compounds they discovered include colchicine and veratrine. The ... making a study of alkaloids from vegetables. Among their successes were the isolation of the following compounds: Quinine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Bienaimé_Caventou
Charles H. WoodCharles H. Wood
Government Cinchona nursery. "Obituary". Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Institute of Chemistry. Proceedings; Royal ... The process involved the use of fusel alcohol to extract the alkaloids, which were then precipitated as sulphates using ... Hooper, David (1889). "Cinchona cultivation in India". Pharmaceutical Record. IX: 296-299. Retrieved July 17, 2015. "KITLV ... Actual manufacturing operations did not therefore begin until 1875." Wood was succeeded at the Rungbee cinchona plantations in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Wood
CaffeineCaffeine
Graham JR (June 1954). "Rectal use of ergotamine tartrate and caffeine alkaloid for the relief of migraine". The New England ... by several doctors to be a medicine that reduces fevers and because coffee belongs to the same family as the cinchona [quinine ... Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and is chemically related to the adenine and guanine ... Frischknecht PM, Ulmer-Dufek J, Baumann TW (1986). "Purine alkaloid formation in buds and developing leaflets of Coffea arabica ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine
Antimalarial medicationAntimalarial medication
As an alkaloid, it is accumulated in the food vacuoles of Plasmodium species, especially Plasmodium falciparum. It acts by ... and the discovery of the cinchona tree, and the potential uses of its bark, to the current day[when?] and a collection of ... Quinine is an alkaloid that acts as a blood schizonticidal and weak gametocide against Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae ... Quinimax and quinidine are the two most commonly used alkaloids related to quinine in the treatment or prevention of malaria. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimalarial_medication
Cinchona Alkaloids | Sigma-AldrichCinchona Alkaloids | Sigma-Aldrich
In particular, the cinchona alkaloids catalyze many useful processes with high enantioselectivities. Cinchona alkaloids can be ... Jew and Park linked two cinchona alkaloid moieties via spacer units. With such a dimeric cinchona alkaloid (06542), ... Synthetically modified cinchona alkaloids are typical chiral organocatalysts used in asymmetric PTC. Several generations of O- ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/chemfiles/cinchona-alkaloids0.html
Cinchona Alkaloids | China-Mainland | Sigma-AldrichCinchona Alkaloids | China-Mainland | Sigma-Aldrich
Cinchona Alkaloids. By: William Sommer and Daniel Weibel, Aldrich ChemFiles 2008, 8.2, 74. ... Cinchona alkaloids therefore can be used as bases to deprotonate substrates with relatively acidic protons forming a contact ... Subsequently, these cinchona alkaloids were used for the osmium-catalyzed asymmetric aminohydroxylation of olefins.4 The ... Bis-(cinchona alkaloid) ligands (which are generally the better catalysts) catalyze the formation of diols of high ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/chemfiles/cinchona-alkaloids.html
The Cinchona AlkaloidsThe Cinchona Alkaloids
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC5168087/
Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives | Spectrum ChemicalCinchona Alkaloid Derivatives | Spectrum Chemical
Get Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives Spectrum Chemical. SpectrumChemical.com carries a full line of fine chemicals, lab appliances ... Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives. Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives Top Sellers in Cinchona Alkaloid ...
https://www.spectrumchemical.com/OA_HTML/Chemicals_TCI-Organic-Chemicals_Phase-Transfer-Catalysts_Chiral-Phase-Transfer-Catalysts_Cinchona-Alkaloid-Derivatives.jsp?queryStr=Q
Functional Polymers. VII. On the C(3)-Control of Stereochemistry in Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Polymeric Cinchona...Functional Polymers. VII. On the C(3)-Control of Stereochemistry in Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Polymeric Cinchona...
... of the alkaloid molecule but also on the β-substituent of the unsaturated systems. The C(3)-control was observed when the ... of dodecanethiol with β-substituted phenyl vinyl ketones were studied using polymeric and monomeric cinchona alkaloids as ... On the C(3)-Control of Stereochemistry in Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Polymeric Cinchona Alkaloids. *Norio Kobayashi1. & ... On the C(3)-Control of Stereochemistry in Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Polymeric Cinchona Alkaloids. Polym J 13, 263-271 ( ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/pj198137?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4bc4159a-68db-4ad1-b625-b32efbc7f9fc
Final Activity Report Summary - COMULTICAT (New Cooperative Multifunctional Catalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids) | Report...Final Activity Report Summary - COMULTICAT (New Cooperative Multifunctional Catalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids) | Report...
Final Activity Report Summary - COMULTICAT (New Cooperative Multifunctional Catalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids). ...
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/39981/reporting
The distribution of strictosidine-synthase activity and alkaloids in Cinchona plants | SpringerLinkThe distribution of strictosidine-synthase activity and alkaloids in Cinchona plants | SpringerLink
... a key enzyme in alkaloid biosynthesis, was studied in distinct parts of six-month-old plants... ... The relation between the total alkaloid content and the activity of strictosidine synthase (EC 4.3.3.2), ... These results indicate that in young Cinchona plants the alkaloids are mainly synthesized in the axial extremities of the plant ... Keene, A.T., Anderson, L.A., Phillipson, J.D. (1983) Investigation of Cinchona leaf alkaloids by high-performance liquid ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00194275
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Rapid and Green Analytical Method for the Determination of Quinoline Alkaloids from Cinchona...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Rapid and Green Analytical Method for the Determination of Quinoline Alkaloids from Cinchona...
Microwave-Integrated Extraction and Leaching (MIEL) is proposed for the extraction of quinoline alkaloids from bark of Cinchona ... MIEL is a green technology that serves as a good alternative for the extraction of Cinchona alkaloids. ... The extracts of quinoline alkaloids from C. succirubra obtained by these two different methods were compared by HPLC. The ... Identified from barks of Cinchona, quinine is still commonly used to treat human malaria. ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/12/11/7846/htm
Frontiers | Phylogeny Predicts the Quantity of Antimalarial Alkaloids within the Iconic Yellow Cinchona Bark (Rubiaceae:...Frontiers | Phylogeny Predicts the Quantity of Antimalarial Alkaloids within the Iconic Yellow Cinchona Bark (Rubiaceae:...
For centuries, Cinchona alkaloids were the primary treatment of malaria. Using Cinchona calisaya as a model, we generated ... A significant phylogenetic signal was found for the content of two out of four major Cinchona alkaloids (quinine and ... A significant phylogenetic signal was found for the content of two out of four major Cinchona alkaloids (quinine and ... Using Cinchona calisaya as a model, we generated genetic profiles of leaf samples from four plastid (trnL-F, matK, rps16 and ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00391/full
The Lack of Effect of Oral Doses of Cinchona Alkaloids on the Circulation of Dogs with Renal Hypertension | CirculationThe Lack of Effect of Oral Doses of Cinchona Alkaloids on the Circulation of Dogs with Renal Hypertension | Circulation
The Lack of Effect of Oral Doses of Cinchona Alkaloids on the Circulation of Dogs with Renal Hypertension. A Contrast to Their ... The Lack of Effect of Oral Doses of Cinchona Alkaloids on the Circulation of Dogs with Renal Hypertension ... The Lack of Effect of Oral Doses of Cinchona Alkaloids on the Circulation of Dogs with Renal Hypertension ... The Lack of Effect of Oral Doses of Cinchona Alkaloids on the Circulation of Dogs with Renal Hypertension ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/3/3/399
illness from cinchona drugs, poisoning caused by any of the cinchona alkaloids | EUdict | English...illness from cinchona drugs, poisoning caused by any of the cinchona alkaloids | EUdict | English...
... poisoning caused by any of the cinchona alkaloids in English->English dictionary. Search nearly 14 million words and phrases ... illness from cinchona drugs, poisoning caused by any of the cinchona alkaloids poslovica alors que serial transmission asperges ... illness from cinchona drugs, poisoning caused by any of the cinchona alkaloids. cinchonism. ... Results for: illness from cinchona drugs, poisoning caused by any of the cinchona alkaloids. English. English. ...
https://eudict.com/?lang=en2eng&word=illness%20from%20cinchona%20drugs,%20poisoning%20caused%20by%20any%20of%20the%20cinchona%20alkaloids
Chiral helical substituted polyacetylene grafted on hollow polymer particles: preparation and enantioselective adsorption...Chiral helical substituted polyacetylene grafted on hollow polymer particles: preparation and enantioselective adsorption...
... preparation and enantioselective adsorption towards cinchona alkaloids X. Yong, Y. Wu and J. Deng, Polym. Chem., 2019, 10, 4441 ... hollow particles exhibit fascinating optical activity and enantioselective adsorption capacity towards cinchona alkaloids, in ... preparation and enantioselective adsorption towards cinchona alkaloids† ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/PY/2019/C9PY00823C
Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino ketones by using cinchona alkaloid-based chiral phase transfer catalysts - Organic &...Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino ketones by using cinchona alkaloid-based chiral phase transfer catalysts - Organic &...
N-quaternised cinchona alkaloid ammonium salts) has been developed, and the process affords the Mannich reaction products with ... Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino ketones by using cinchona alkaloid-based chiral phase transfer catalysts W. Li, Y. Wang and D. ... Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino ketones by using cinchona alkaloid-based chiral phase transfer catalysts ... N-quaternised cinchona alkaloid ammonium salts) has been developed, and the process affords the Mannich reaction products with ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/ob/c8ob02484g/unauth
Highly tunable arylated cinchona alkaloids as bifunctional catalystsHighly tunable arylated cinchona alkaloids as bifunctional catalysts
Quigley, C, Rodriguez-Docampo, Z, Connon, SJ, Highly tunable arylated cinchona alkaloids as bifunctional catalysts, CHEMICAL ...
http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/71701
Exploring the enantiorecognition mechanism of Cinchona alkaloid‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases and the basic ...Exploring the enantiorecognition mechanism of Cinchona alkaloid‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases and the basic ...
Exploring the enantiorecognition mechanism of Cinchona alkaloid‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases and the basic trans ...
http://www.separationsnow.com/details/earlyview/10.1002/jssc.201701068/Exploring-the-enantiorecognition-mechanism-of-Cinchona-alkaloidbased-zwitterioni.html?
Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2]Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines Synthesis of 2 4...Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2]Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines Synthesis of 2 4...
Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyzed Enantioselective Fluorination of Allyl Silanes Silyl Enol Ethers and Oxindoles. pdf370 Кб ... forma, synthesis, imine, azetidinyl, amid, cycloadditions, cinchona, alkaloid, allenoates, disubstituted, enantioselectivity, ... Cinchona Alkaloids in Synthesis & Catalysis (2). Ligands Immobilization and Organocatalysis pdf200 Кб ... Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2]Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines Synthesis of 2 4- ...
https://www.docme.ru/doc/1916520/cinchona-alkaloid-amide-catalyzed-enantioselective-formal..
rian.ie - Result: The design of biofunctional cinchona alkaloid derived catalysts : a new departurerian.ie - Result: 'The design of biofunctional cinchona alkaloid derived catalysts : a new departure'
Cormac Quigley, The design of biofunctional cinchona alkaloid derived catalysts : a new departure, [thesis], Trinity College ...
http://rian.ie/en/item/view/132403.html
Cinchona alkaloid | Article about Cinchona alkaloid by The Free DictionaryCinchona alkaloid | Article about Cinchona alkaloid by The Free Dictionary
Find out information about Cinchona alkaloid. or , name for species of the genus Cinchona, evergreen trees of the madder madder ... common name for the Rubiaceae, a family of chiefly tropical and... Explanation of Cinchona alkaloid ... Related to Cinchona alkaloid: cinchona tree, Cinchona officinalis cinchona. (sĭngkō`nə) or chinchona. (chĭngkō`nə), name for ... Cinchona alkaloid , Article about Cinchona alkaloid by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Cinchona ...
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Cinchona+alkaloid
CINCHONA ALKALOIDS. DTIC ThesaurusCINCHONA ALKALOIDS. DTIC Thesaurus
based on automated processing from source available at: www.dtic.mil/dtic/stresources/techreports/dticSearchTools/thesaurus_desc.html
https://vocabularyserver.com/dtic/index.php?tema=2785
February 20, 1886 - Scientific AmericanFebruary 20, 1886 - Scientific American
The Separation of the Cinchona Alkaloids. By Y. Shimoyama. Adulteration of Sweetmeats. ...
https://www.scientificamerican.com/magazine/supplements/1886/02-20/
DI-fusion Cinchona-Alkaloids Based Isoselenazolones: Synthesis and...DI-fusion Cinchona-Alkaloids Based Isoselenazolones: Synthesis and...
Cinchona-Alkaloids Based Isoselenazolones: Synthesis and Their Catalytic Reactivity in Asymmetric Bromolactonization of ... Cinchona-Alkaloids Based Isoselenazolones: Synthesis and Their Catalytic Reactivity in Asymmetric Bromolactonization of ...
https://difusion.ulb.ac.be/vufind/Record/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/245370/Details
Cinchona alkaloids: Quinine and quinidine<...Cinchona alkaloids: Quinine and quinidine<...
Cinchona alkaloids : Quinine and quinidine. / Sullivan, David J.. Treatment and Prevention of Malaria: Antimalarial Drug ... Cinchona alkaloids: Quinine and quinidine. In Staines H, Krishna S, editors, Treatment and Prevention of Malaria: Antimalarial ... title = "Cinchona alkaloids: Quinine and quinidine",. abstract = "For 400 years, quinine has been the effective antimalarial. ... Sullivan, D. J. (2012). Cinchona alkaloids: Quinine and quinidine. In H. Staines, & S. Krishna (Eds.), Treatment and Prevention ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cinchona-alkaloids-quinine-and-quinidine-6
Improved Asymmetric S N Ar Reaction of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from...Improved Asymmetric S N Ar Reaction of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from...
Ar Reaction of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids ...
https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.acs-doi-10_1021_jo060627l
The antiveratrinic action of cinchona alkaloids, cupreines and synthetic anti-malarial drugs. | IMSEARThe antiveratrinic action of cinchona alkaloids, cupreines and synthetic anti-malarial drugs. | IMSEAR
The antiveratrinic action of cinchona alkaloids, cupreines and synthetic anti-malarial dru ... The antiveratrinic action of cinchona alkaloids, cupreines and synthetic anti-malarial drugs. ... Full text: Available Index: IMSEAR (South-East Asia) Main subject: Veratrum Alkaloids Language: English Year: 1955 Type: ... Full text: Available Index: IMSEAR (South-East Asia) Main subject: Veratrum Alkaloids Language: English Year: 1955 Type: ...
https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/sea-22634
Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.
... dc. ... Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.. en. ... Beresford, K.J.M. (2002) Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids ...
https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/2911?show=full
Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.
Subject: N-diphenylphospinoylimine, cinchona alkaloids, diethylzinc, enantioselective addition Citation: Beresford, K.J.M. ( ... Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.. ... Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands.. De ... 2002) Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands. ...
https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/2911
ORGN 52 - Hydrogenation of vicinal diketones over cinchona alkaloid modified platinum<...ORGN 52 - Hydrogenation of vicinal diketones over cinchona alkaloid modified platinum<...
ORGN 52 - Hydrogenation of vicinal diketones over cinchona alkaloid modified platinum. I Busygin, E Toukoniitty, V Nieminen, A ... ORGN 52 - Hydrogenation of vicinal diketones over cinchona alkaloid modified platinum. Abstracts of Papers, 235th ACS National ... ORGN 52 - Hydrogenation of vicinal diketones over cinchona alkaloid modified platinum. / Busygin, I; Toukoniitty, E; Nieminen, ... ORGN 52 - Hydrogenation of vicinal diketones over cinchona alkaloid modified platinum. julkaisussa Abstracts of Papers, 235th ...
https://research.abo.fi/fi/publications/orgn-52-hydrogenation-of-vicinal-diketones-over-cinchona-alkaloid
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur,...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Studies from the Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur,...
Chapter II: The Relative Merits of the different Alkaloids of Cinchona in Malaria. ... Chapter I: Cinchona Febrifuge. This is evidently a proprietary article, considerably used throughout the British dependencies ... Chapter II: The Relative Merits of the different Alkaloids of Cinchona in Malaria. "In doses of ten grains twice a day, the ... Notes on the Treatment of Malaria with the Alkaloids of Cinchona By William Fletcher, M. D. Camb., Bacteriologist, Institute ...
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1924.s1-4.229
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of cinchona alkaloid derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus<...Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of cinchona alkaloid derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus<...
Skogman M, Kujala J, Busygin I, Leino R, Vuorela P, Fallarero A. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of cinchona alkaloid ... An exploration of the chemical space occupied by the active derivative (red dot) in comparison to the cinchona alkaloid library ... An exploration of the chemical space occupied by the active derivative (red dot) in comparison to the cinchona alkaloid library ... An exploration of the chemical space occupied by the active derivative (red dot) in comparison to the cinchona alkaloid library ...
https://research.abo.fi/en/publications/antibacterial-and-anti-biofilm-activities-of-cinchona-alkaloid-de
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorine | Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | WileyBioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorine | Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
4.7.2 Cinchona Alkaloids.. 4.7.3 Camptothecin.. 4.7.4 Other Fluorinated Alkaloids. ...
https://www.wiley.com/en-ae/Bioorganic+and+Medicinal+Chemistry+of+Fluorine-p-9780470281871
QuinineQuinidineDerivativesAsymmetricCinchonineEnantioselectiveCrystalline alkaloidMalariaLigandsOfficinalisBiosynthesisRubiaceaeCatalystSpeciesIndoleHPLCSouth AmericaExtractsBark of the cinchona treeSyntheticQuinolineSaltsSynthesisLedgerianaBarksEnantioselectivitiesExtractionPolymersMoleculeCatalyzeEnantioselectivityMedicinalSeedlingsReactionReactionsConstituentsStructuralOverdoseToxicAntibioticsLeafPrimarySulfateCalisayaHeterogeneousQuina
Quinine30
  • Identified from barks of Cinchona , quinine is still commonly used to treat human malaria. (mdpi.com)
  • A significant phylogenetic signal was found for the content of two out of four major Cinchona alkaloids (quinine and cinchonidine) and their total content. (frontiersin.org)
  • The trees are now cultivated elsewhere for "Peruvian bark," the source of quinine quinine , white crystalline alkaloid with a bitter taste. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Several species yield quinine and several other antimalarial alkaloids. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The bark and other parts of the cinchona tree contain quinine, cinchonine, and other alkaloids that have antimalarial, tonic, and antiseptic effects. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • From a pulverized bark, which stopped cyclic fevers, to an easily isolated crystal alkaloid, which launched many pharmaceutical companies, tons of quinine are still purified for medicinal and beverage use. (elsevier.com)
  • Sullivan, DJ 2012, Cinchona alkaloids: Quinine and quinidine . (elsevier.com)
  • Evaluating Cinchona bark and quinine for treating and preventing malaria. (jameslindlibrary.org)
  • Quinine is a toxic alkaloid derived from the cinchona tree. (si.edu)
  • From the Quechua kina , "bark," quinine is an alkaloid of cinchona that has antimalarial properties. (cdc.gov)
  • The cure was quinine, an alkaloid made from the bitter red bark of the cinchona tree. (goodreads.com)
  • From the quest of the Englishmen who smuggled cinchona seeds out of South America to the way in which quinine opened the door to Western imperial adventure in Asia, Africa, and beyond, and to malaria's effects even today, award-winning author Fiammetta Rocco deftly chronicles the story of this historically ravenous disease. (goodreads.com)
  • a brownish-black, resinous substance consisting of a mixture of alkaloids, obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of quinine and formerly used as a cheap substitute for it. (dictionary.com)
  • A brownish-black mixture of alkaloids remaining after extraction of crystalline alkaloids from cinchona bark, used as a quinine substitute. (dictionary.com)
  • Quinine is a plant alkaloid obtained from the bark of the cinchona tree. (sciencephoto.com)
  • DetailDesc: Product Name: Quinine CAS: 130-95-0 MF: C20H24N2O2 MW: 324.42 EINECS: 205-003-2 Product Categories: chiral;Alkaloids;Biochemistry;for Resolution of Acids;Optical Resolution;Quinoline Alkaloids;Synthetic Organic Chemistry;Chiral Reagents;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmac. (guidechem.com)
  • Cinchona bark is not easy to obtain and this difficulty made quinine a challenge to produce. (encyclopedia.com)
  • cinchonism ( sink -ŏ-nizm) n. poisoning caused by an overdose of cinchona or the alkaloids quinine, quinidine, or cinchonine derived from it. (encyclopedia.com)
  • An explosion in demand for quinine among Europeans living in the tropics led naturalists to smuggle Cinchona seeds from South America to plantations in Asia in the 1850s and '60s and to conduct intensive research leading to new high-yield strains and improved processing methods. (britannica.com)
  • Tonic syrups are usually made with ground up cinchona bark rather than isolated quinine, so they are typically earthy, barky-tasting, and brown rather than clear. (lifehacker.com)
  • The amount of cinchona alkaloids (quinine and others) in commercial tonic is regulated, but homemade stuff can easily push the limits," explains English. (lifehacker.com)
  • Quinine is a natural, bitter-tasting crystalline alkaloid derived from the bark of various cinchona species (genus Cinchona ) and having antipyretic (fever-reducing), anti-smallpox, analgesic (painkilling), and anti- inflammatory properties. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The natural source of quinine are various species in the genus Cinchona, which are large evergreen shrubs or small trees native to tropical South America . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The medicinally active bark , which is stripped from the tree, dried and powdered, includes other alkaloids that are closely related to quinine but react differently in treating malaria. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Quinine was extracted from the bark of the South American cinchona tree and was isolated and named in 1817 by French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Cinchona trees remain the only practical source of quinine. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Since then, several more efficient quinine total syntheses have been achieved, but none of them can compete in economic terms with isolation of the alkaloid from natural sources. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The bark of trees in this genus is the source of a variety of alkaloids, the most familiar of which is quinine, an antipyretic (antifever) agent especially useful in treating malaria. (shaman-australis.com.au)
  • A bitter alkaloid, C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2 , that is a stereoisomer of quinine, used in the form of its salts to treat malaria and certain cardiac arrhythmias. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Pharmacology) a crystalline alkaloid drug that is an optically active diastereoisomer of quinine: used to treat heart arrhythmias. (thefreedictionary.com)
Quinidine3
  • Know that quinidine gluconate is the only parenteral cinchona alkaloid antimalarial commercially available in U.S. Because newer antiarrhythmics have replaced quinidine in many cardiac uses, it may not be readily available and prescribers may not be familiar with its use. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Quinidine is an alkaloid extracted from the bark of the genus Cinchona ledgeriana (Moens). (hardware-wholesale.com)
  • There are also concerns about quinidine, another alkaloid in cinchona bark, causing issues in people with a certain heart conditions at even lower levels. (lifehacker.com)
Derivatives7
  • Cinchona alkaloids and their derivatives have proven to catalyze an astonishing array of enantioselective transformations, providing access to chiral products of high enantiopurity. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Experimental procedures for the preparation of two classes of derivatives of the cinchona alkaloids dihydroquinine and dihydroquinidine are described. (elsevier.com)
  • Derivatives DHQ-PHN, 1b, and DHQD-PHN, 2b, are prepared through an Ullmann-type coupling between the 9-O-alkaloid sodium alkoxide and 9-iodophenanthrene in the presence of CuI and pyridine. (elsevier.com)
  • These four alkaloid derivatives serve as highly enantioselective ligands for the osmium tetraoxide catalyzed asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) of olefins. (elsevier.com)
  • By synthesizing conformationally rigid cinchona alkaloid derivatives, they were able to elucidate a stereochemical model for the desymmetrization, which enabled their development of an improved cinchona-based catalyst that is accessible through a shortened two-step synthesis from menthol. (pnas.org)
  • The focus of this thesis was the study of a recently developed class of picolinamide cinchona alkaloid derivatives for the synthesis of Rivastigmine, a biologically active compound used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. (rcaap.pt)
  • Six 9-picolinamide-cinchona alkaloid derivatives were successfully synthesized through simple and effective methods. (rcaap.pt)
Asymmetric9
  • Synthetically modified cinchona alkaloids are typical chiral organocatalysts used in asymmetric PTC. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Subsequently, these cinchona alkaloids were used for the osmium-catalyzed asymmetric aminohydroxylation of olefins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Asymmetric reactions of dodecanethiol with β-substituted phenyl vinyl ketones were studied using polymeric and monomeric cinchona alkaloids as chiral catalysts. (nature.com)
  • An ion-pair catalyst generated by assembly of a chiral flavinium and a cinchona alkaloid dimer for use in asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation is presented. (elsevier.com)
  • Poudel, PP, Arimitsu, K & Yamamoto, K 2016, ' Self-assembled ion-pair organocatalysis - Asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation mediated by flavinium-cinchona alkaloid dimer ', Chemical Communications , vol. 52, no. 22, pp. 4163-4166. (elsevier.com)
  • A mechanistic rationale for the 9-amino(9-deoxy)epi cinchona alkaloids catalyzed asymmetric reactions via iminium ion activation of enones. (shu.ac.uk)
  • The 9-amino(9-deoxy)epi cinchona alkaloids have expanded the synthetic potential of asymmetric aminocatalysis, enabling the highly stereoselective functionalization of a variety of sterically hindered carbonyl compounds. (shu.ac.uk)
  • This article reviews the applications of cinchona alkaloids as asymmetric catalysts. (worldwidescience.org)
  • Since a relative short period (about 50 years) chemist have also used these alkaloids as chiral catalyst for a wide variety of asymmetric transformations. (worldwidescience.org)
Cinchonine1
  • The resulting hollow particles exhibit fascinating optical activity and enantioselective adsorption capacity towards cinchona alkaloids, in which (+)-cinchonine/(−)-cinchonidine were used as chiral drug models. (rsc.org)
Enantioselective5
  • A highly enantioselective nucleophilic addition of ketones to imines catalyzed by chiral phase-transfer catalysts ( N -quaternised cinchona alkaloid ammonium salts) has been developed, and the process affords the Mannich reaction products with tertiary stereocenters in good to high yields (up to 95%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). (rsc.org)
  • Cinchona Alkaloid Amide Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal [2+2]Cycloadditions of Allenoates and Imines Synthesis of 2 4-Disubstituted Azetidines. (docme.ru)
  • Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a N-diphenylphosphinoylimine employing cinchona alkaloids as chiral ligands. (dmu.ac.uk)
  • Cinchona-alkaloid/Selectfluor combinations efficiently fluorinate a variety of carbonyl compounds in a highly enantioselective manner to furnish chiral α-fluorocarbonyl compounds. (elsevier.com)
  • The enantioselective extraction of aqueous 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-R,S-leucine (A(R,S)) by a cinchona alkaloid extractant (C) in 1,2-dichloroethane was studied at room temperature (294 K) in a batch system for a range of intake concentrations (10(-4)-10(-3) mol/L) and pH values (3.8-6.6). (worldwidescience.org)
Crystalline alkaloid2
  • a bitter crystalline alkaloid extracted from cinchona bark, the salts of which are used as a tonic, antipyretic, analgesic, etc, and in malaria therapy. (dictionary.com)
  • A bitter colorless amorphous powder or crystalline alkaloid derived from certain cinchona barks and used to treat malaria. (dictionary.com)
Malaria5
  • For centuries, Cinchona alkaloids were the primary treatment of malaria. (frontiersin.org)
  • Part XI: The Cinchona alkaloids in the treatment of benign tertian malaria. (jameslindlibrary.org)
  • Cinchona alkaloids have a long history as being a powerful medicine against malaria. (worldwidescience.org)
  • a white, bitter, slightly water-soluble alkaloid, C 2 0 H 2 4 N 2 O 2 , having needlelike crystals, obtained from cinchona bark: used in medicine chiefly in the treatment of resistant forms of malaria. (dictionary.com)
  • A bitter-tasting, colorless drug derived from the bark of certain cinchona trees and used medicinally to treat malaria. (dictionary.com)
Ligands2
  • Bis-(cinchona alkaloid) ligands (which are generally the better catalysts) catalyze the formation of diols of high enantiopurity from a very broad range of olefins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Ligands (DHQ)2-PHAL, 1a, and (DHQD) 2 -PHAL, 2a, are conveniently synthesized in good yield by the reaction of the corresponding alkaloid with 1,4-dichlorophthalazine in the presence of K 2 CO 3 and KOH in refluxing toluene. (elsevier.com)
Officinalis2
  • Purpose: To evaluate the local anesthetic and antipyretic activities of an aqueous extract of Cinchona officinalis (C. officinalis) in experimental animal models. (worldwidescience.org)
  • The antimicrobial activity and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts of Bidens pilosa L., Bixa orellana L., Cecropia peltata L., Cinchona officinalis L., Gliricidia sepium H.B. & K, Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Do n , Justicia secunda Vahl. (biomedcentral.com)
Biosynthesis4
  • The relation between the total alkaloid content and the activity of strictosidine synthase (EC 4.3.3.2), a key enzyme in alkaloid biosynthesis, was studied in distinct parts of six-month-old plants of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens. (springer.com)
  • As shown in Scheme 1 , enzymatic control of whether guanidinium enolate 1 undergoes an intramolecular conjugate addition or a protonation dictates whether 1 is an intermediate for the biosynthesis of polycyclic guanidine alkaloids ptilocaulin or batzelladine K. In this paper, we wish to describe the development of a small-molecule catalyst system to achieve high stereoselectivity and control of chemoselectivity of two different reaction intermediates. (pnas.org)
  • The biosynthesis of alkaloids often follows complex pathways and includes stereospecific steps. (els.net)
  • Our efficient Agrobacterium -mediated seedling infiltration (EASI) protocol allows highly efficient, reproducible, and homogenous transformation of C. roseus cotyledons and provides a timely tool for the community to rapidly assess the function of genes in planta , particularly for investigating how transcription factors regulate terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
Rubiaceae4
  • Quinas" were composed by different plant species belonging to Cinchona or Remijia genius (Rubiaceae). (mdpi.com)
  • chĭngkō`nə) , name for species of the genus Cinchona, evergreen trees of the madder madder, common name for the Rubiaceae, a family of chiefly tropical and subtropical trees, shrubs, and herbs, especially abundant in N South America. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Primary alkaloid of various species of Cinchona (Rubiaceae). (guidechem.com)
  • Cinchona , genus of about 40 species of plants, mostly trees, in the madder family (Rubiaceae), native to the Andes of South America. (britannica.com)
Catalyst4
  • In an attempt to further improve catalyst enantioselectivities, Jew and Park linked two cinchona alkaloid moieties via spacer units. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In connection with our ongoing project that deals with the catalytic potential of the cinchona-alkaloid-derived amides,[17-19] we became interested in examining the reaction of allenoates with imines in the presence of a chiral tertiary amine catalyst. (docme.ru)
  • An essential role for the achiral acid cocatalyst is uncovered: upon condensation of the cinchona catalyst with the enone, the resulting covalent imine intermediate and the acid interact to build-up a well-structured ion-pair supramolecular catalytic assembly, which is stabilized by multiple attractive noncovalent interactions. (shu.ac.uk)
  • 2 ) through their use of a cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amine catalyst. (pnas.org)
Species6
  • Climatic and soil parameters were characterized and bark samples were analyzed for content of the four major alkaloids using HPLC-UV to explore the utility of evolutionary history (phylogeny) in determining variation within species of these compounds under natural conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • X-ray crystallography and 1 H NMR analyses of the cinchona alkaloids/Selectfluor combination have established that the species that mediate this novel reaction are N-fluoroammonium cinchona alkaloid tetrafluoroborates, which adopt open conformations. (elsevier.com)
  • It is the main alkaloid present in various Cinchona species. (chegg.com)
  • Cinchona anderssonii, a new species from the Yungas forests of the Andes in Bolivia, is described and illustrated. (worldwidescience.org)
  • A taxonomic key for the identification of the Cinchona species occurring in Bolivia is presented. (worldwidescience.org)
  • Four species of Cinchona were cultivated for many years, primarily in Java and also in India and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). (britannica.com)
Indole2
  • Frischknecht, P.M., Bättig, M., Baumann, T.W. (1987) Effect of drought and wounding stress on indole alkaloid formation in Catharanthus roseus . (springer.com)
  • The Catharanthus roseus plant is the exclusive source of the valuable anticancer terpenoid indole alkaloids, vinblastine (VB) and vincristine (VC). (frontiersin.org)
HPLC2
  • The extracts of quinoline alkaloids from C. succirubra obtained by these two different methods were compared by HPLC. (mdpi.com)
  • The influence of the particle size of the obtained powders on the recovery of analytes in extracts of Cinchona bark was investigated using HPLC. (worldwidescience.org)
South America2
  • The medicinal value of Cinchona bark was first discovered in Loxa (now Loja, Ecuador) in the seventeenth century by Jesuit monks, and soon exports of different varieties of Cinchona pubescens Vahl (red bark) from South America to Europe were reaching half a million kilograms bark per year ( Roersch van der Hoogte and Pieters, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The antipyretic properties of cinchona barks were known since ancient times in South America, particularly in Peru. (worldwidescience.org)
Extracts1
  • Alkaloids and extracts of alkaloid‐containing plants have been used throughout human history as remedies, poisons and psychoactive drugs. (els.net)
Bark of the cinchona tree2
  • An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. (guidechem.com)
  • In 1820, the French chemists Pierre-Joseph Pelletier and Jean-Bienaimé Caventou isolated two alkaloids from the bark of the cinchona tree. (encyclopedia.com)
Synthetic2
  • The antiveratrinic action of cinchona alkaloids, cupreines and synthetic anti-malarial drugs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several alkaloids are used medicinally or provide lead structures for novel synthetic drugs. (els.net)
Quinoline1
  • however, the types of alkaloids differed, cinchophyllines being present in the aerial parts and quinoline alkaloids in the roots. (springer.com)
Salts1
Synthesis2
  • These results indicate that in young Cinchona plants the alkaloids are mainly synthesized in the axial extremities of the plant and that they are stored at the site of their synthesis. (springer.com)
  • DI-fusion Cinchona-Alkaloids Based Isoselenazolones: Synthesis and. (ac.be)
Ledgeriana2
  • Meulen, Multiplant Holding B.V. (Maarssen), for kindly providing us with Cinchona ledgeriana Moens seeds. (springer.com)
  • Anderson LA, Keene AT and Phillipson JD (1982) Alkaloid production by leaf organ, root organ and cell suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana. (els.net)
Barks2
  • The use of these barks in medicines against "fevers" in Europe in the 17th century made the exploitation of cinchonas of Peru a highly productive process, and those cinchona trees became menaced. (worldwidescience.org)
  • Chapter 7 describes the development of an effective grinding device for the grinding of herbal samples such as Cinchona barks. (worldwidescience.org)
Enantioselectivities2
  • In particular, the cinchona alkaloids catalyze many useful processes with high enantioselectivities. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In addition, the latter strategy could also be carried out with modest enantioselectivities when using simple cinchona alkaloid catalysts, albeit with relatively low yields. (mdpi.com)
Extraction1
  • MIEL is a green technology that serves as a good alternative for the extraction of Cinchona alkaloids. (mdpi.com)
Polymers2
  • Cinchona alkaloids have been satisfactorily bound via their vinyl groups to crosslinked polymers containing thiol residues. (edu.sa)
  • The polymers afforded higher optical yields than the free alkaloids and, in one case, the predominant enantiomer was of opposite configuration. (edu.sa)
Molecule2
  • The mode of stereoregulation (C(8), C(9)-control, C(3)-control) varied depending not only on the substituents at C(3) and C(6′) of the alkaloid molecule but also on the β-substituent of the unsaturated systems. (nature.com)
  • The nitrogen in the alkaloid molecule is derived from amino acid metabolism. (els.net)
Catalyze1
  • Cinchona alkaloids cat catalyze reactions, such as shown in Reaction 1. (comporgchem.com)
Enantioselectivity1
  • With such a dimeric cinchona alkaloid ( 06542 ), enantioselectivity for the above mentioned glycine imine alkylation was optimized to 97-99% ee. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Medicinal1
Seedlings1
  • Despite a ban on export, Europeans sent cinchona seeds and seedlings to Java and India, where plantations were established. (thefreedictionary.com)
Reaction1
  • C9-Acylated cinchona alkaloids promote an intramolecular, nucleophile-catalyzed aldol-lactonization (NCAL) reaction leading to optically active bicyclic β-lactones. (mendeley.com)
Reactions1
  • The steric course of reactions (1) - (3) is dominated by the configurations of C-8 and C-9 in the alkaloids, but the nature of the C-3 group does have an effect and this probably explains why the optical yields obtained using the polymer-supported catalysts were lower than those obtained using the free alkaloids. (edu.sa)
Constituents1
  • Alkaloids are traditionally defined as basic (alkali‐like), nitrogen‐containing organic constituents that occur mainly in plants. (els.net)
Structural1
  • Since the amino acid skeleton is often largely retained in the alkaloid structure, alkaloids originating from the same amino acid show similar structural features and can be classified according to their biosynthetic origin. (els.net)
Overdose1
  • It's possible to overdose on cinchona alkaloids and give yourself a condition called cinchonism (tinnitus is the top identifiable symptom), especially when testing out recipes over and over. (lifehacker.com)
Toxic2
  • Alkaloid concentrations up to the toxic range had little effect on the blood pressure or renal blood flow. (ahajournals.org)
  • Owing to their bioactivities, alkaloids are often toxic to herbivoures. (els.net)
Antibiotics1
  • An exploration of the chemical space occupied by the active derivative (red dot) in comparison to the cinchona alkaloid library and the structurally related quinolone antibiotics was made using the principal component analysis (PCA)-based model ChemGPS-NP. (abo.fi)
Leaf2
  • Using Cinchona calisaya as a model, we generated genetic profiles of leaf samples from four plastid (trnL-F, matK, rps16, and ndhF) and one nuclear (ITS) DNA regions from twenty-two C. calisaya stands sampled in the Yungas region of Bolivia. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is unique in Cinchona by having the combination of elliptic leaf blades glossy above, distinct circular pit domatia at secondary vein axils, basipetally dehiscent capsules. (worldwidescience.org)
Primary1
  • However, there is a lack of basic understanding of the mechanisms of cinchona-based primary aminocatalysis. (shu.ac.uk)
Sulfate1
Calisaya2
  • The Bolivian Cinchona calisaya Wedd. (frontiersin.org)
  • the latter is called Cinchona flava , or Cinchona calisaya , and it is from this variety that we obtain our tincture, it being made from the dried bark. (homeoint.org)
Heterogeneous1
  • Alkaloids are a heterogeneous class of secondary metabolites. (els.net)
Quina1
  • The name was derived from the original Quechua (Inca) word for the cinchona tree bark, "Quina" or "Quina-Quina," which roughly means "bark of bark" or "holy bark. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
February 20, 1886 - Scientific American
February 20, 1886 - Scientific American (scientificamerican.com)
Final Activity Report Summary - COMULTICAT (New Cooperative Multifunctional Catalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids) | Report...
Final Activity Report Summary - COMULTICAT (New Cooperative Multifunctional Catalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids) | Report... (cordis.europa.eu)
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorine | Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Fluorine | Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley (wiley.com)
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Chiral helical substituted polyacetylene grafted on hollow polymer particles: preparation and enantioselective adsorption... (pubs.rsc.org)
The Algona Republican from Algona, Iowa on October 22, 1890 · Page 12
The Algona Republican from Algona, Iowa on October 22, 1890 · Page 12 (newspapers.com)
Jonathan Hirst - The University of Nottingham
Jonathan Hirst - The University of Nottingham (nottingham.ac.uk)
112618-5229-M.Pharm | Verification And Validation | Pharmacology
112618-5229-M.Pharm | Verification And Validation | Pharmacology (scribd.com)
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Organocatalysis | PNAS (pnas.org)
Amoebic liver abscess - Wikipedia
Amoebic liver abscess - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Sustainable Catalysis Set (RSC Publishing)
Sustainable Catalysis Set (RSC Publishing) (pubs.rsc.org)
The Tariff Act of August 5, 1909, on Imports Into the United States - United States - Google Libros
The Tariff Act of August 5, 1909, on Imports Into the United States - United States - Google Libros (books.google.com.mx)
A Microscale Approach To Organic Laboratory Techniques 5th Edition Textbook Solutions | Chegg.com
A Microscale Approach To Organic Laboratory Techniques 5th Edition Textbook Solutions | Chegg.com (chegg.com)
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Antimalarial Agents - Research and Markets (researchandmarkets.com)
99% High Purity Pharmaceutical Raw Materials White Powder Quinidine CAS:56-54-2 for antiarrhythmic drug of...
99% High Purity Pharmaceutical Raw Materials White Powder Quinidine CAS:56-54-2 for antiarrhythmic drug of... (hardware-wholesale.com)
Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in...
Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in... (bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com)
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Rapid and Green Analytical Method for the Determination of Quinoline Alkaloids from Cinchona...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Rapid and Green Analytical Method for the Determination of Quinoline Alkaloids from Cinchona... (mdpi.com)
Frontiers | EASI Transformation: An Efficient Transient Expression Method for Analyzing Gene Function in Catharanthus roseus...
Frontiers | EASI Transformation: An Efficient Transient Expression Method for Analyzing Gene Function in Catharanthus roseus... (frontiersin.org)
Quinine | Define Quinine at Dictionary.com
Quinine | Define Quinine at Dictionary.com (dictionary.com)
Desmond | Schrödinger
Desmond | Schrödinger (schrodinger.com)
RCAAP - Development of an organocatalytic method for the enantioselective synthesis of ...
RCAAP - Development of an organocatalytic method for the enantioselective synthesis of ... (rcaap.pt)
Quinoidine | Definition of Quinoidine at Dictionary.com
Quinoidine | Definition of Quinoidine at Dictionary.com (dictionary.com)
Frontiers | What Is There in Seeds? Vertically Transmitted Endophytic Resources for Sustainable Improvement in Plant Growth |...
Frontiers | What Is There in Seeds? Vertically Transmitted Endophytic Resources for Sustainable Improvement in Plant Growth |... (frontiersin.org)
Quinine: Malaria and the Quest for a Cure That Changed the World by Fiammetta Rocco
Quinine: Malaria and the Quest for a Cure That Changed the World by Fiammetta Rocco (goodreads.com)
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Notes: Elias James Corey (hcs.harvard.edu)
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Malaria Flashcards by Vicky Lipao | Brainscape (brainscape.com)
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How to Choose the Best Tonic Water for Your G&T (lifehacker.com)
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Marasmus Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet (emedicine.medscape.com)
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Cinchonism | Definition of Cinchonism by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Cinchonism (lexico.com)
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Pharmacology : Wikis (The Full Wiki) (thefullwiki.org)
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Quinine - New World Encyclopedia (newworldencyclopedia.org)
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24/7 Drugstore: Er viagra reseptfritt trusted suppliers! (dsaj.org)
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