OrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
ChytridiomycotaFungiRNA, Ribosomal, 18SPhylogeny
Chytridiomycota
A phylum of fungi that was formerly considered a subdivision of Phycomycetes. They are the only fungi that produce motile spores (zoospores) at some stage in their life cycle. Most are saprobes but they also include examples of plant, animal, and fungal pathogens.
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Emerging infectious diseases and amphibian population declines. (1/240)

We review recent research on the pathology, ecology, and biogeography of two emerging infectious wildlife diseases, chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease, in the context of host-parasite population biology. We examine the role of these diseases in the global decline of amphibian populations and propose hypotheses for the origins and impact of these panzootics. Finally, we discuss emerging infectious diseases as a global threat to wildlife populations.  (+info)

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a breeding colony of African clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis). (2/240)

More than 90% of a breeding colony of clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis) imported to the United States from western Africa died in an epizootic of chlamydiosis. Chlamydial inclusions were observed by light and electron microscopy in the liver of an infected frog. Chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated in cell cultures from four frogs. A cutaneous infection by a chytridiomycete fungus observed in two frogs could have been a cofactor in the die-off.ous Diseases  (+info)

PCR primers that amplify fungal rRNA genes from environmental samples. (3/240)

Two PCR primer pairs were designed to amplify rRNA genes (rDNA) from all four major phyla of fungi: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridomycota, and Zygomycota. PCRs performed with these primers showed that both pairs amplify DNA from organisms representing the major taxonomic groups of fungi but not from nonfungal sources. To test the ability of the primers to amplify fungal rDNA from environment samples, clone libraries from two avocado grove soils were constructed and analyzed. These soils possess different abilities to inhibit avocado root rot caused by Phythophthora cinnamomi. Analysis of the two rDNA clone libraries revealed differences in the two fungal communities. It also revealed a markedly different depiction of the soil fungal community than that generated by a culture-based analysis, confirming the value of rDNA-based approaches for identifying organisms that may not readily grow on agar media. Additional evidence of the usefulness of the primers was obtained by identifying fungi associated with avocado leaves. In both the soil and leaf analyses, no nonfungal rDNA sequences were identified, illustrating the selectivity of these PCR primers. This work demonstrates the ability of two newly developed PCR primer sets to amplify fungal rDNA from soil and plant tissue, thereby providing unique tools to examine this vast and mostly undescribed community of organisms.  (+info)

Double-hairpin elements in the mitochondrial DNA of allomyces: evidence for mobility. (4/240)

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the chytridiomycete fungus Allomyces macrogynus contains 81 G+C-rich sequence elements that are 26-79 bases long and can be folded into a unique secondary structure consisting of two stem-loops. At the primary sequence level, the conservation of these double-hairpin elements (DHEs) is variable, ranging from marginal to complete identity. Forty of these DHEs are inserted in intergenic regions, 35 in introns, and 6 in variable regions of rRNA genes. Ten DHEs are inserted into other DHE elements (twins); two even form triplets. A comparison of DHE sequences shows that loop regions contain more sequence variation than helical regions and that the latter often contain compensatory base changes. This suggests a functional importance of the DHE secondary structure. We further identified nine DHEs in a 4-kb region of Allomyces arbusculus, a close relative of A. macrogynus. Eight of these DHEs are highly similar in sequence (90%-100%) to those in A. macrogynus, but only five are inserted at the same positions as in A. macrogynus. Interestingly, DHEs are also found in the mtDNAs of other chytridiomycetes, as well as certain zygomycete and ascomycete fungi. The overall distribution pattern of DHEs in fungal mtDNAs suggests that they are mobile elements.  (+info)

Production of polyclonal antibodies to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and their use in an immunoperoxidase test for chytridiomycosis in amphibians. (5/240)

Polyclonal antibodies were produced for diagnosing chytridiomycosis in amphibians. Two sheep and 4 rabbits were inoculated with homogenized whole culture of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Freund's complete adjuvant or triple adjuvant. Antisera from all animals reacted strongly with all stages of B. dendrobatidis and stained the walls, cytoplasm, rhizoids and zoospores in an indirect immunoperoxidase test. Significant cross-reactivity occurred only with some fungi in the Chytridiomycota, and there are no members of this phylum besides B. dendrobatidis that infect frogs. The immunoperoxidase stain is a useful screening test when combined with recognition of the morphology and infection site of B. dendrobatidis.  (+info)

Uptake of the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose by germinating mitospores of Allomyces macrogynus. (6/240)

Mitospores or cysts of Allomyces macrogynus do not take up the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose. Uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by germlings begins at 25 min into germination, the start of the rhizoid stage, and increases in rate by approximately 50-fold until 100 min into germination. The rate remains constant from 100 to 200 min, at which time germination is completed and hyphal formation begins. The presence of glucose in the germination medium blocks the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose. Of the other sugars tested, only galactose had any effect on 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Actinomycin D treatment during germination in a glucose-containing medium prevented the appearance of the uptake system, but actinomycin D was not effective after the transfer to a glucose-free medium. Cycloheximide treatment prevented the appearance of the uptake system if it was added at the time of the transfer to the glucose-free medium; it inhibited uptake only partially if the germlings were starved of glucose before its addition. It appears, therefore, that both ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination and protein synthesis after the removal of glucose are required for the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose.  (+info)

Spatial and cellular localization of calcium-dependent protease (CDP II) in Allomyces arbuscula. (7/240)

Immunogold labeling of calcium-dependent neutral protease II (CDPII) with specific antibodies in near median longitudinal ultrathin sections of Allomyces arbuscula showed that the enzyme is predominantly localized in the growing hyphal and rhizoidal apices. The tips in both cell type had more enzyme than the distal regions and showed a gradient distribution. Labeling of the ultrathin sections and western blot analysis of purified subcellular fractions showed that CDPII is mainly cytosolic. Catalytic activity of the enzyme measured with synthetic substrate (Bz-Arg-pNA) showed that 90% of its activity is present in the soluble fraction, although a small amount is associated with the nuclei (0.2%), plasma membranes (0.7%) and microsomes (3.9%). This association is discussed in the context of the functional role of the enzyme and its possible localized activation. Western blot analysis of the crude extract and indirect immunofluorescence of the fixed permeabilized hypahe after treatment with CDPII showed that the alpha-tubulin is a specific target of the enzyme.  (+info)

Evolution of monoblepharidalean fungi based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences. (8/240)

We have determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of three chytridiomycete fungi, Monoblepharella15, Harpochytrium94 and Harpochytrium105. Our phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated mitochondrial protein sequences confirms the placement of Mono blepharella15 together with Harpochytrium spp. and Hyaloraphidium curvatum within the taxonomic order Monoblepharidales, with overwhelming support. These four mtDNA sequences encode the standard fungal mitochondrial gene complement and, like certain other chytridiomycete fungi, encode a reduced complement of 7-9 tRNAs, some of which require 5'-tRNA editing to be functional. Highly conserved sequence elements were identified upstream of almost all protein-coding genes in the mtDNAs of Monoblepharella15 and both Harpochytrium species. Finally, a guanosine residue is conserved upstream of the predicted ATG or GTG start codons of almost every protein-coding gene in these genomes. The appearance of this G residue correlates with the presence of a non-canonical cytosine residue at position 37 in the anticodon loop of the mitochondrial initiator tRNAs. Based on the unorthodox features in these four genomes, we propose that a 4 bp interaction between the CAUC anticodon of these tRNAs and GAUG/GGUG codons is involved in translation initiation in monoblepharidalean mitochondria. Intriguingly, a similar interaction may also be involved in mitochondrial translation initiation in the sea anemone Metridium senile.  (+info)

Proteomic and phenotypic profiling of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis shows that genotype is linked to...Proteomic and phenotypic profiling of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis shows that genotype is linked to...
Population genetics of the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) show that isolates are highly related and globally homogenous, data that are consistent with the recent epidemic spread of a previously endemic organism. Highly related isolates are predicted to be functionally similar due to low levels of heritable genetic diversity. To test this hypothesis, we took a global panel of Bd isolates and measured (i) the genetic relatedness among isolates, (ii) proteomic profiles of isolates, (iii) the susceptibility of isolates to the antifungal drug caspofungin, (iv) the variation among isolates in growth and phenotypic characteristics, and (v) the virulence of isolates against the European common toad Bufo bufo. Our results show (i) genotypic differentiation among isolates, (ii) proteomic differentiation among isolates, (iii) no significant differences in susceptibility to caspofungin, (iv) differentiation in growth and phenotypic/morphological characters, and (v) differential ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04041.x/full?globalMessage=0
Characterization of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Inhibiting Bacteria from Amphibian Populations in Costa Rica
Global amphibian declines and extinction events are occurring at an unprecedented rate. While several factors are responsible for declines and extinction, the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been cited as a major constituent in these events. While the effects of this chytrid fungus have been shown to cause broad scale population declines and extinctions, certain individuals and relict populations have shown resistance. This resistance has been attributed in part to the cutaneous bacterial microbiome. Here, we present the first study characterizing anti-Bd bacterial isolates from amphibian populations in Costa Rica, including the characterization of two strains of Serratia marcescens presenting strong anti-Bd activity. Transcriptome sequencing was utilized for delineation of shifts in gene expression of the two previously uncharacterized strains of S. marcescens grown in three different treatments comprising Bd, heat-killed Bd, and a no Bd control. These results revealed ...
http://repositorio.ucr.ac.cr/handle/10669/78942
Chytrid fungus - The Free Freshwater and Saltwater Aquarium Encyclopedia Anyone Can Edit - The Aquarium Wiki
Chytrid Fungus (KIT-rid) (Batrachochytrium sp. - Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is a fungal pathogen and a major contributor to the decline of amphibian populations around the world, threatening many species with extinction. This fungus is a global emerging amphibian pathogen which is proving to be one of the worst vertebrate infectious diseases found so far. It is causing a huge amount of extinction and disease within amphibian populations. More than 100 species of amphibians are known to be affected by the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Some are very susceptible and die quickly while others which are more resistant are carriers of the pathogen. The disease, called Chytridiomycosis, is already credited with wiping out frogs and toads in large numbers in Australia and South America. The aquarium hobbys main two species available from shops are the Dwarf African Frog (Hymenochirus boettgeri) and the African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis). These have shown to be infected in ...
http://www.thefishwiki.com/wiki/CF
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Confiscated Telmatobius in Lima, PeruBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Confiscated Telmatobius in Lima, Peru
The Peruvian Andes are the home of 27 species of frogs of the genus Telmatobius, many of which are critically endangered. Illegal trade of adult frogs for purported medical properties likely represents the major threat facing these species. This activity, besides reducing their populations, may contribute to the dissemination of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes chytridiomycosis, a disease posing a threat to many populations of amphibians. We screened frogs confiscated by the Administration of Forestry and Wildlife in Lima, Peru, for Bd. We used real-time PCR to diagnose Bd at the Laboratory of Wildlife, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, in Lima and Pisces Molecular Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, US. Of 62 samples collected during this study, 60% (37) were PCR positive for Bd, confirming that illegal trade of amphibians can pose a risk for disseminating Bd ...
https://repositorio.upch.edu.pe/handle/20.500.12866/5183
Wild toads saved from killer fungal disease | Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow
by Vetscite. After a six-year effort, biologists say they have for the first time managed to rid a wild toad species of a lethal fungal disease that threatens amphibians around the world.. Midwife toads on the Spanish island of Mallorca are now free of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, says Jaime Bosch, an evolutionary biologist at Spains National Museum of Natural History in Madrid. His team reported their success in the journal Biology Letters on 18 November. But the successful treatment - which involved treating tadpoles with an antifungal drug and chemically cleansing their ponds - may not be widely applicable to the habitats of other amphibian species that are threatened by chytrid, the researchers and others say.. The fungal disease is one of the greatest threats amphibians face across the globe: chytrid has already wiped out hundreds of species of frogs. Bosch and his colleagues in Spain and the United Kingdom first set out to save isolated populations of vulnerable ...
http://vetscite.org/2015/12/wild-toads-saved-from-killer-fungal-disease/
Detecting Amphibian-Killing Fungus Helps Scientists Study Amphibian DeclinesDetecting Amphibian-Killing Fungus Helps Scientists Study Amphibian Declines
USGS scientists and their colleagues have developed a new method to detect the presence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in water and sediment samples
https://toxics.usgs.gov/highlights/chytrid_water.html
Geese May Be Helping to Spread Frog-Killing Chytrid Fungus - Scientific American Blog NetworkGeese May Be Helping to Spread Frog-Killing Chytrid Fungus - Scientific American Blog Network
The frog-killing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, has been blamed for about 100 amphibian extinctions around the globe since it was first observed in 1998, but clear information on exactly how it spreads has remained a mystery.. Now a team of scientists working in Belgium have come up with one potential clue: the chytrid fungus may sometimes be carried to new habitats on the toes of waterfowl such as geese.. According to research published April 13 in the journal PLoS One, geese are potential environmental reservoirs for the Bd fungus, because waterfowl and amphibians often co-occur in the same habitats. The team studied 497 wild geese-which had been rounded up from six wildlife areas in East Flanders as part of an invasive species eradication program-and found that the keratinous toe scales of 76 of the birds tested positive for Bd. The fungus was present on both species of geese that they tested: invasive Canada geese (Branta Canadensis) ...
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/extinction-countdown/geese-may-be-helping-to-spread-frog-killing-fungus/
IDAAD - Abstract
From 1999 to 2006, we sampled ,1200 amphibians for the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) at 30 sites in the southeastern USA. Using histological techniques or PCR assays, we detected chytrid infection in 10 species of aquatic-breeding amphibians in 6 states. The prevalence of chytrid infection was 17.8% for samples of postmetamorphic amphibians examined using skin swab-PCR assays (n = 202 samples from 12 species at 4 sites). In this subset of samples, anurans had a much higher prevalence of infection than caudates (39.2% vs. 5.5%, respectively). Mean prevalence in ranid frogs was 40.7%. The only infected salamanders were Notophthalmus viridescens at 3 sites. We found infected amphibians from late winter through late spring and in 1 autumn sample. Although we encountered moribund or dead amphibians at 9 sites, most mortality events were not attributed to Bd. Chytridiomycosis was established as the probable cause of illness or death in fewer than 10 individuals. Our observations ...
https://www.cefas.co.uk/international-database-on-aquatic-animal-diseases/abstract/?id=1198
Effects of the disinfectant Virkon S on early life-stages of the moor frog (Rana arvalis)Effects of the disinfectant Virkon S on early life-stages of the moor frog (Rana arvalis)
Emerging diseases, such as the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, contribute to global population declines of amphibians. Virkon S is one of the most commonly used disinfectants to reduce risk of spreading such pathogens. Virkon S is classified as harmful to aquatic organisms, but until today no negative effects on tadpoles have been reported. We studied the effects of three concentrations of Virkon S on early life-stages (embryos and hatchlings) of the moor frog Rana anvils. Overall, Virkon S had no significant effects. However, hatching success was highest in the control treatment, suggesting that Virkon S may have weak negative effects on amphibian embryos. We suggest that further studies are needed to assess the negative effect of Virkon S on amphibians, and recommend that Virkon S is used with care and a minimized run-off into natural wetlands.. ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:588227
Rapid Global Expansion of the Fungal Disease Chytridiomycosis into Declining and Healthy Amphibian Populations. - DAF...Rapid Global Expansion of the Fungal Disease Chytridiomycosis into Declining and Healthy Amphibian Populations. - DAF...
The fungal disease chytridiomycosis, caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, is enigmatic because it occurs globally in both declining and apparently healthy (non-declining) amphibian populations. This distribution has fueled debate concerning whether, in sites where it has recently been found, the pathogen was introduced or is endemic. In this study, we addressed the molecular population genetics of a global collection of fungal strains from both declining and healthy amphibian populations using DNA sequence variation from 17 nuclear loci and a large fragment from the mitochondrial genome. We found a low rate of DNA polymorphism, with only two sequence alleles detected at each locus, but a high diversity of diploid genotypes. Half of the loci displayed an excess of heterozygous genotypes, consistent with a primarily clonal mode of reproduction. Despite the absence of obvious sex, genotypic diversity was high (44 unique genotypes out of 59 strains). We provide evidence that the observed ...
http://era.daf.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/1468/
Dynamics of an emerging disease drive large-scale amphibian population extinctions | AmphibiaTreeDynamics of an emerging disease drive large-scale amphibian population extinctions | AmphibiaTree
Epidemiological theory generally suggests that pathogens will not cause host extinctions because the pathogen should fade out when the host population is driven below some threshold density. An emerging infectious disease, chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is directly linked to the recent extinction or serious decline of hundreds of amphibian species. Despite continued spread of this pathogen into uninfected areas, the dynamics of the host-pathogen interaction remain unknown. We use fine-scale spatiotemporal data to describe (i) the invasion and spread of Bd through three lake basins, each containing multiple populations of the mountain yellow-legged frog, and (ii) the accompanying host-pathogen dynamics. Despite intensive sampling, Bd was not detected on frogs in study basins until just before epidemics began. Following Bd arrival in a basin, the disease spread to neighboring populations at approximately 700 m/yr in a wave-like pattern until all ...
http://amphibiatree.org/node/679
Low Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence in two persisting post-decline populations of endangered hylid frogs in western...Low Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence in two persisting post-decline populations of endangered hylid frogs in western...
Hertz, A, Ponce, M, Madani, G, Bland, A, Petchey, A, Andrén, C and Eisenberg, T 2018, Low Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence in two persisting post-decline populations of endangered hylid frogs in western Panama , Salamandra, 54 (1) , pp. 83-86. Full text not available from this repository ...
http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/48511/?template=banner
The invasive chytrid fungus of amphibians paralyzes lymphocyte responses. - ScienceOpenThe invasive chytrid fungus of amphibians paralyzes lymphocyte responses. - ScienceOpen
The chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, causes chytridiomycosis and is a major contributor to global amphibian declines. Although amphibians have robust immune defenses, clearance of this pathogen is impaired. Because inhibition of host immunity is a common survival strategy of pathogenic fungi, we hypothesized that B. dendrobatidis evades clearance by inhibiting immune functions. We found that B. dendrobatidis cells and supernatants impaired lymphocyte proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, fungal recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils was not impaired. Fungal inhibitory factors were resistant to heat, acid, and protease. Their production was absent in zoospores and reduced by nikkomycin Z, suggesting that they may be components of the cell wall. Evasion of host immunity may explain why this pathogen has devastated amphibian populations worldwide.
https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=43224b1c-4f82-4dc9-92a1-d2ce150e1c89
Isosorbide and Chytridiomycosis in Panamanian Golden Frogs by Olivia RolandoIsosorbide and Chytridiomycosis in Panamanian Golden Frogs by Olivia Rolando
Global amphibian decline is an established problem, first noted over 40 years ago. Without an obvious cause beyond the natural factors, such as habitat loss, disease has risen as a reasonable explanation. Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease targeting amphibians, namely frogs, in Central and South America. The fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has been shown to be inhibited by natural mixes of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found on the backs of susceptible and resistant frogs. A unique case, Atelopus zeteki, does not show the same use of AMPs. Rather, a heterocyclic diol, isosorbide, seems to be involved in their immunological response to B. dendrobatidis infection. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, flame ionization detection, and chytrid bioassays, isosorbide was determined and suggested to function in an antimicrobial manner in A. zeteki. The lowest concentration exhibiting antimicrobial properties was 250 mM isosorbide against chytrid
https://scholars.carroll.edu/lifesci_theses/56/
Batrachochytrium - LABOKLIN GMBH & CO.KG LABOR FÜR KLINISCHE DIAGNOSTIKBatrachochytrium - LABOKLIN GMBH & CO.KG LABOR FÜR KLINISCHE DIAGNOSTIK
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium (B.) dendrobatidis was first identified in Australia in 1998 and named in 1999. This fungus is thought to be responsible for the population decline and the global extinction of ,200 amphibian species. Infections with B. dendrobatidis are in many cases associated with very high mortality rates (in lab up to 100%), but the fungus is not necessarily lethal. Other factors such as stress or co-infections with other pathogens also appear to play a role. B. dendrobatidis multiplies in keratinized tissue and therefore affects primarily the outer skin of adult animals (stratum corneum to the stratum granulosum). In larvae the horn strips on the mouth are affected. During metamorphosis the infections can lead to dramatic high mortality rates. The clinical symptoms are often nonspecific and may, in addition to the skin (often appear macroscopically unchanged or blunt or depigmented; hyperkeratosis and massive skinning episodes, mixed infections with severe erosions of ...
https://laboklin.com/it/products/infectious-diseases-pathogenic-agents-and-antibody-detection/fungi/batrachochytrium/
biodivcanada.ca - Rapport technique thématique no 7. - Pathogènes et maladies de la faune au Canadabiodivcanada.ca - Rapport technique thématique no 7. - Pathogènes et maladies de la faune au Canada
Adams, M.J., Galvan, S., Reinitz, D., Cole, R.A., Pyare, S., Hahr, M. et Govindarajulu, P. 2007. Incidence of the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibian populations along the northwest coast of North America. Herpetological Reviews 38:430-431.. Agence canadienne dinspection des aliments. 2009. Les maladies déclarables et les maladies à notification immédiate et annuelle : un guide pour les intervenants du milieu agro-alimentaire et les laboratoires [en ligne]. Agence canadienne dinspection des aliments, Gouvernement du Canada. (consulté le 23 Oct. 2009).. Agence de la santé publique du Canada. 2006. Maladie de Lyme - fiche de renseignements [en ligne]. Gouvernement du Canada. (consulté le 11 janvier 2009).. Alexander, D.J. 2000. Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. Revue scientifique et technique (Office international des épizooties) 19:443-462.. Alford, R.A. et Richards, S.J. 1999. Global amphibian declines: a problem in applied ecology. Annual Review of ...
http://www.biodivcanada.ca/default.asp?lang=Fr&n=EB97BF3F-1&offset=7&toc=show
Frontiers | Review of the Amphibian Immune Response to Chytridiomycosis, and Future Directions | ImmunologyFrontiers | Review of the Amphibian Immune Response to Chytridiomycosis, and Future Directions | Immunology
The fungal skin disease, chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans), has caused amphibian declines and extinctions globally since its emergence. Characterizing the host immune response to chytridiomycosis has been a focus of study with the aim of disease mitigation. However, many aspects of the innate and adaptive arms of this response are still poorly understood, likely due to the wide range of species responses to infection. In this paper we provide an overview of expected immunological responses (with inference based on amphibian and mammalian immunology), together with a synthesis of current knowledge about these responses for the amphibian-chytridiomycosis system. We structure our review around four key immune stages: (1) the naïve immunocompetent state, (2) immune defenses that are always present (constitutive defenses), (3) mechanisms for recognition of a pathogen threat and innate immune defenses, and (4) adaptive immune responses. We also evaluate the
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02536/full
Ché Weldon | News | NWU | North-West UniversityChé Weldon | News | NWU | North-West University
Amphibian conservation has received increasing attention following the 2005 global declaration of the Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP), with placed a high premium on amongst other increasing the capacity of conservation research required to combat this global crisis. It is within this research field of amphibian conservation that I have established my research activities within the geographical bounds of sub-Saharan Africa and adjacent island of Madagascar. The majority of my work effort is focused, but not limited to the disease chytridiomycosis caused by a fungal skin pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Studying wildlife pathogens from the perspective of gaining insight on how to better conserve the host species being affected by disease requires trans-boundary collaboration between wildlife ecologists, veterinarians, and conservation organizations. For this reason my work on amphibian diseases has involved international collaboration on papers with authors from various ...
http://news.nwu.ac.za/af/deskundiges/ch%C3%A9-weldon
Chytrid Survey of Native Amphibians Project | Kansas City ZooChytrid Survey of Native Amphibians Project | Kansas City Zoo
Identification of Chytrid Fungus in Native Toads and Frogs, administered by Dr. Kirk Suedmeyer, Director of Animal Health , to determine the incidence of chytrid fungus on Zoo grounds.. This one year study involves a team of staff and volunteers swabbing local amphibians for chytrid fungus. Geo tracking, species and gender determination and individual photo documentation will be performed on all toads and frogs caught. All animals tested will be released unharmed where they were found. Swabs obtained will be analyzed to determine the incidence and prevalence of this fungal organism on Zoo grounds.. In 2013 Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, discovered about a third of the ponds in their study are infected with chytrid, the notorious skin fungus that has sickened and killed amphibians in other parts of the world. In amphibians, chytrid infects and damages the skin, which amphibians use to breathe and absorb water. Once the fungus takes hold, it causes a disease called chytridiomycosis, ...
https://www.kansascityzoo.org/conservation/chytrid-fungus-in-native-toads/
Amphibians on the edge: AAAS members on trail of chytrid fungus | American Association for the Advancement of ScienceAmphibians on the edge: AAAS members on trail of chytrid fungus | American Association for the Advancement of Science
The following year, when frog chytrid showed up at the National Zoo, pathologists Allan Pessier and Donald Nichols, and mycologist Joyce Longcore, determined that it was Bd, a chytrid fungus.. Around the world, scientists puzzled over the sudden loss.. The changes have been nothing short of dramatic, from very abundant populations to seeing tens of thousands of dead carcasses on lake shorelines, says biologist Vance Vredenburg, assistant professor at San Francisco State University and AAAS member, whos worked with yellow-legged frogs in the Sierra Nevada mountains in California for more than 15 years.. These frogs - which have lived in the area for some 5 million years - dwell in highly protected, pristine habitats with roadless areas, Vredenburg explains. Soon after publishing studies that showed that frog populations would rebound if invasive species were removed, the chytrid appeared.. It was 2004 when chytrid hit Sixty Lake Basin in the Sierra Nevada mountains, where Vredenburg was ...
https://www.aaas.org/amphibians-edge-aaas-members-trail-chytrid-fungus
Quantifying the disease transmission function: effects of density on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis transmission in the...Quantifying the disease transmission function: effects of density on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis transmission in the...
Berger, L., Speare, R., Daszak, P., Green, D.E., Cunningham, A.A., Goggin, C.L., Slocombe, R., Ragan, M.A., Hyatt, A.D., McDonald, K.R., Hines, H.B., Lips, K.R., Marantelli, G. & Parkes, H. (1998) Chytridiomycosis causes amphibian mortality associated with population declines in the rain forests of Australia and Central America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 95, 9031-9036 ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01256.x/references
Relationships between glucocorticoids and infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in three amphibian speciesRelationships between glucocorticoids and infection with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in three amphibian species
The export option will allow you to export the current search results of the entered query to a file. Different formats are available for download. To export the items, click on the button corresponding with the preferred download format. By default, clicking on the export buttons will result in a download of the allowed maximum amount of items. To select a subset of the search results, click Selective Export button and make a selection of the items you want to export. The amount of items that can be exported at once is similarly restricted as the full export. After making a selection, click one of the export format buttons. The amount of items that will be exported is indicated in the bubble next to export format. ...
https://repository.sandiegozoo.org/handle/20.500.12634/211
Chytridiomycosis and Amphibian Population Declines Continue to Spread Eastward in Panama | SpringerLinkChytridiomycosis and Amphibian Population Declines Continue to Spread Eastward in Panama | SpringerLink
Chytridiomycosis is a globally emerging disease of amphibians and the leading cause of population declines and extirpations at species-diverse montane sites in Central America. We continued long-term
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10393-008-0190-0
Evan Grant, Ph.D.Evan Grant, Ph.D.
The salamander chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans [Bsal]) is causing massive mortality of salamanders in Europe. The potential for spread via international trade into North America and the high diversity of salamanders has catalyzed concern about Bsal in the U.S. Surveillance programs for invading pathogens must initially meet.... Waddle, Hardin; Grear, Daniel A.; Mosher, Brittany; Campbell Grant, Evan H.; Adams, Michael J.; Backlin, Adam R.; Barichivich, William; Brand, Adrianne B.; Bucciarelli, Gary M.; Calhoun, Daniel L.; Chestnut, Tara; Davenport, Jon M.; Dietrich, Andrew E.; Fisher, Robert N.; Glorioso, Brad; Halstead, Brian J.; Hayes, Marc P; Honeycutt, R. Ken; Hossack, Blake R.; Kleeman, Patrick M.; Lemos-Espinal, Julio A; Lorch, Jeffrey M.; Atkinson, Robert W.; Muths, Erin L.; Pearl, Christopher; Richgels, Katherine; Robinson, Charles W; Roth, Mark F.; Rowe, Jennifer; Sadinski, Walter; Sigafus, Brent H.; Stasiak, Iga; Sweet, Samuel; Walls, Christopher B.; Watkins-Colwell, ...
https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/evan-grant?qt-staff_profile_science_products=0
Chytridiales synonyms, Chytridiales antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comChytridiales synonyms, Chytridiales antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for Chytridiales in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Chytridiales. 1 synonym for Chytridiales: order Chytridiales. What are synonyms for Chytridiales?
https://www.freethesaurus.com/Chytridiales
Recent Articles | Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And Microbiology | The Scientist Magazine®Recent Articles | Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And Microbiology | The Scientist Magazine®
Millions of measurements from 23 people who consumed extra calories every day for a month reveal changes in proteins, metabolites, and gut microbiota that accompany shifts in body mass.. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/225,10/tags/Batrachochytrium-dendrobatidis,microbiology/
Recent Articles | Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®Recent Articles | Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®
Activating genes for reprogramming factors for a short time transforms large numbers of differentiated cells into multipotent forms that could be useful for cell-based therapies.. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/225,4/tags/Batrachochytrium-dendrobatidis,cell--amp--molecular-biology/
Searching for heroic MHC genes in the fight against fungal takeover |Searching for heroic MHC genes in the fight against fungal takeover |
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the particular fungus responsible for chytrid in frogs, and while hundreds of amphibian populations (and species!) have already been lost to this pathogen, there are many other populations that are doing just fine*.. So chytrid is a big problem, but predicting susceptibility to chytrid in natural populations is tricky business. A major focus of this effort is understanding how immunity is conferred to amphibians populations, and this process starts with the heroic genes that are most responsible for fighting chytrid: those of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).. Conservation biologists hope that immunity to Bd is being selected for quickly, but the evolution of host resistance has only been recently addressed. Most recently, Anna Savage and Kelly Zamudio took a big step by taking measurements of positive selection for immunity out of the laboratory and into the field by analyzing MHC genes in wild populations of frogs with ongoing chytrid ...
https://www.molecularecologist.com/2016/04/searching-for-heroic-mhc-genes-in-the-fight-against-fungal-takeover/
SAVE THE FROGS! - Save The Frogs Research Project on Chytrid Fungus in California PublishedSAVE THE FROGS! - Save The Frogs Research Project on Chytrid Fungus in California Published
Learn about chytrid fungus in Foothill Yellow-Legged Frogs (Rana boylii) in the Alameda Creek area of California. Chytridiomycosis research.
https://www.savethefrogs.com/threats/infectious-diseases/chytrid-fungus/research-published-california/
Some chytrids of Taiwan (I)
Literature Cited. Barr, D. J. S. 1971. Morphology and taxonomy of Entophlyctis confervae-glomeratae (Chytridiales) and related species. Can. J. Bot. 49: 2215_2222.. Barr, D. J. S. 1973. Six Rhizophydium species (Chytridiales) in culture. Can. J. Bot. 51: 967_975.. Barr, D. J. S. 1986. Allochytridium expandens rediscovered : morphology, physiology and zoospore ultrastructure. Mycologia 78(3): 439_448.. Berdan, H. B. 1939. Two new genera of operculate chytrids. Amer. J. Bot. 26(7): 459_463.. Berdan, H. B. 1941. A developmental study of three saprophytic chytrids. II. Catenochytridium carolinianum Berdan. Amer. J. Bot. 28: 439_448.. Canter, H. M. 1961. Studies on British Chytrids XVII. Species occurring on planktonic desmids. Trans. Brit. mycol. Soc. 44(2):163_176.. Fuller, M. S. and A. Jaworski. 1987. Zoosporic fungi in teaching and research. Southeastern Pub. Co., Athens, Georgia, 303 pp.. Hsu, M.-L. 1992. Morphological and taxonomic studies on Chytridiales in Yangmingshan National Park. Master ...
http://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/1995/4/bot364-05.html
EDGE :: Amphibian Species InformationEDGE :: Amphibian Species Information
It is thought that the cause for the decline of the southern day frog was the same virulent disease which is the suspected cause of the extinction of the two species of gastric brooding frog. The southern day frog and southern gastric brooding frog disappeared from the same region within the same year, strengthening the theory that declines were most likely a result of an infection with the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). These are just two of many species which are thought to have been affected by a chytrid epidemic that spread through Australian Frog populations from the late 1970s until the early 1990s ...
http://www.edgeofexistence.org/amphibians/species_info.php?id=1365
Diagnosis of chytridiomycosis in amphibians by histological examination - ResearchOnline@JCUDiagnosis of chytridiomycosis in amphibians by histological examination - [email protected]
Chytridiomycosis is a fatal disease of post-metamorphic frogs and can be carried by healthy tadpoles. Here we describe methods for preparing and interpreting histologic sections from adults and tadpoles for the diagnosis of chytridiomycosis.. ...
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/13062/
Publications by Year: 2016 | The Rowland Institute at Harvard
Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are responsible for massive population declines. In amphibians, chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd, has severely affected many amphibian populations and species around the world. One promising management strategy is probiotic bioaugmentation of antifungal bacteria on amphibian skin. In vivo experimental trials using bioaugmentation strategies have had mixed results, and therefore a more informed strategy is needed to select successful probiotic candidates. Metagenomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic methods, colloquially called omics, are approaches that can better inform probiotic selection and optimize selection protocols. The integration of multiple omic data using bioinformatic and statistical tools and in silico models that link bacterial community structure with bacterial defensive function can allow the identification of species involved in pathogen inhibition. We recommend using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and ...
https://www2.rowland.harvard.edu/publications/year/2016
Researchers complete first major survey of amphibian fung... ( An international team of researchers...)Researchers complete first major survey of amphibian fung... ( An international team of researchers...)
...An international team of researchers has completed the first major sur...The disease chytridiomycosis caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium de...Asia is home to a highly diverse set of amphibian species and potenti... Thats why were excited about this first really big survey said Vr...,Researchers,complete,first,major,survey,of,amphibian,fungus,in,Asia,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Researchers-complete-first-major-survey-of-amphibian-fungus-in-Asia-20856-1/
Deadly fungus threatens African frogs | Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow
by Vetscite. Misty mountains, glistening forests and blue-green lakes make Cameroon, the wettest part of Africa, a tropical wonderland for amphibians.. The country holds more than half the species living on the continent, including dozens of endemic frogs - an animal that has been under attack across the world by the pervasive chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Africa has been mostly spared from the deadly and rampant pathogen that wiped out entire species in Australia, Madagascar and Panama, until now.. University of Florida herpetologist David Blackburn and colleagues at the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin have documented declines in frog species on Cameroons Mount Oku and Mount Manengouba over a span of more than 12 years. The scientists link the decline of at least five species of frogs found only in these mountains to chytrid, which may have been exacerbated by habitat destruction, pollution and climate change resulting in weaker and more susceptible frogs, said Blackburn, ...
http://vetscite.org/2016/06/deadly-fungus-threatens-african-frogs/
Parasite of the Day: January 2010Parasite of the Day: January 2010
This chytrid fungus (Chytriodiomycota: Chytridiales) is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease of amphibians. This fungus has been implicated as the cause of amphibian declines and extinctions of more than 250 species of frogs across six continents (the widespread distribution of this disease the likely consequence of anthropogenic effects). B. dendrobatidis can infect both larval and adult amphibians. Infections in larvae cause a reduction in grazing efficiency, food intake, and survival. Infections in adults cause thickening of the skin which might interfere with osmoregulation or ion balance. This fungus has two parts of its life cycle: one part in the host and one part outside of the host (a motile zoospore stage). Recent studies have shown that B. dendrobatidis can survive for long periods of time outside of the host, increasing its ability to drive host populations extinct. Although this fungus is believed to have originated in Africa, B. dendrobatidis was ...
http://dailyparasite.blogspot.ie/2010/01/
fungal pathogens wildlife | Frogs Are Greenfungal pathogens wildlife | Frogs Are Green
There isnt one conclusive answer. Those animals that are immunosuppressed, however, tend to be more vulnerable to fungal infection. But why are these animals so unhealthy? The answers are complex and may have to do with many different causes, perhaps a perfect storm of causes: the overall decrease of biodiversity, use of pesticides, climate change, clear cutting of forests and habitat destruction and degradation, and other issues.. Readers of Frogs Are Green are familiar with the the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has wiped out hundreds of species of amphibians.. In 2006 the white-nose syndrome, an infection caused by the fungus Geomyces destructans killed a few bats in New York; since then it has killed more than 5 million bats in 21 states and four Canadian provinces.. Recently honey bee populations have been devastated. There is evidence that co-infection with multiple pathogens, including fungi, is one cause.. A fungus called Cryptococcus neoformans ravages humans ...
https://frogsaregreen.org/tag/fungal-pathogens-wildlife/
The ecology of disease and anthropogenic stressors in amphibians
We proposed to test the hypothesis that ecologically relevant concentrations of pesticide mixtures will increase susceptibility of metamorphic amphibians to a fungal pathogen known as Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, or Bd. Bd has received considerable attention as one of the causes of declining amphibian populations. We hypothesized that exposure to the contaminants in the larval stage would cause increased pathogen load, decreased growth, and increased mortality of amphibians. Our amphibians included 2 species of tree frogs (Spring Peepers and Pacific tree frogs), 1 toad species (Western Toads), and 2 true frog species (Leopard frogs and Cascades frogs). Each species of frog was split into five different pesticide treatments: high herbicide, low herbicide, high insecticide, low insecticide, and a control treatment. Half of the frogs in each pesticide treatment were exposed as tadpoles and half were exposed as metamorphs. In the end, three of the five species showed significant mortality rates. ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/undergraduate_thesis_or_projects/47429c24q
Deb Bower - Vertebrate Ecology Lab
I am studying the environmental and other tipping points that influence the disease dynamics of the amphibian chytrid fungus, changing it from an epidemic to an endemic disease ...
http://www.reptileecologylab.com/deb-bower.html
okapi - Zooillogixokapi - Zooillogix
A quick wrap-up of the animals discovered not to be extinct this week: Armoured mistfrog This Armoured Mistfrog, thought by many experts to be extinct due to the recent amphibian chytrid fungus epidemic, was rediscovered by my boss, enterprise search god, Chris Cleveland, while he should have been working, on CNN. And more specifically, in…. ...
http://scienceblogs.com/zooillogix/tag/okapi/
Mantidactylus betsileanus (Betsileo Madagascar Frog)Mantidactylus betsileanus (Betsileo Madagascar Frog)
Deforestation appears to be affecting some populations, but not others, presumably reflecting the fact that this is a complex of several species. Therefore, as currently understood, this species is generally not significantly threatened by habitat loss. Species in this genus have tested positive for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), however currently there have been no negative effects observed within amphibian populations in Madagascar suggesting the Bd strain has a low virulence level (Bletz et al. 2015 ...
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/summary/57463/0
Boophis lichenoidesBoophis lichenoides
Species in this genus have tested positive for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), however currently there have been no negative effects observed within amphibian populations in Madagascar suggesting the Bd strain has a low virulence level (Bletz et al. 2015 ...
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/29433/0
Giving a Frog a Bath (and Other Treatments) | Amphibian Rescue and Conservation ProjectGiving a Frog a Bath (and Other Treatments) | Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project
All frogs brought in from the wild go through a 10-day treatment protocol even before all of the amphibian chytrid results come back. The risks of missing a positive case and introducing chytrid to the entire captive population are too great to wait for results before beginning treatment. For 10 minutes each day, the frogs are bathed in the antifungal medication. Animals that are actively showing signs of illness also receive intensive supportive care to help them survive the course of treatment. The amphibian chytrid attacks the skin cells of amphibians, which can be quickly lethal for an animal that relies on its skin for the majority of respiratory function, hydration and electrolyte balance. Veterinary care for afflicted animals includes continuous fluid therapy to maintain hydration and replace electrolytes, as well as antibiotic treatment to protect against other infections that may take hold after the loss of the skins protective barrier.. Ten days after the bath cycle, the frogs are ...
https://amphibianrescue.org/2010/08/18/giving-a-frog-a-bath-and-other-treatments/
IDAAD - Abstract
The finding of tadpoles of Rhinella quechua (Huayramayu River, Carrasco National Park, Cochabamba, Bolivia) with oral abnormalities caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis constitutes the first record of this fungal infection reported for Bolivian amphibians ...
https://www.cefas.co.uk/international-database-on-aquatic-animal-diseases/abstract/?id=1196
UC Davis School of Vet Med: Foley Laboratory in Infectious Disease Ecology: Joy Worth
I am a research technician in the lab at UC Davis. I received my Masters in comparative pathology here at UC Davis in 2002 and then worked in Seattle for a year helping to identify an outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Seattle homeless shelters using PFGE. I took a few years break to have two children and then started back to work in Janets lab in 2009. My interests are in molecular and microbiology, mostly in infectious diseases. In addition to providing laboratory daily administrative and research needs, I manage several different projects from Anaplasma phagocytophilum to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. I particularly enjoy troubleshooting assays!. Click here to download Joys CV (PDF) ...
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/foley_lab/students_affiliates/worth.cfm
Publications - Drew R. Davis, Ph.D.Publications - Drew R. Davis, Ph.D.
Google Scholar ResearchGate Publications Christiansen JL, Davis DR, Jacobson ER, LaDuc TJ. 2020. A potential new shell disease process revealed by a long-term field study of the yellow mud turtle, Kinosternon flavescens, in Texas. Journal of Herpetology 54:1-8. [PDF] Smith SN*, Watters JL, Ellsworth ED, Davis DR, Siler CD. 2019. Assessment of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and ranavirus…
https://drewrdavis.com/publications/
chytrid Archives - Innovation Torontochytrid Archives - Innovation Toronto
In research that could lead to protective probiotics to fight the chytrid fungus that has been decimating amphibian populations worldwide, Jenifer Walke, PhD, a postdoctoral researcher at... Read more ...
https://www.innovationtoronto.com/category/chytrid/
Tag Archives: Amphibian Disease LaboratoryTag Archives: Amphibian Disease Laboratory
When we arrived at the seminar location, I was relieved to see that the area where we would be performing our amphibian disease testings at was a veterinary clinical lab. Here we had counter space, power outlets, and refrigerator space. However, the molecular testings take time to run (about 2.5 hours), and the real-time PCR machine I was utilizing could only manage 48 samples at once. I ran into time limitations of how long we had to be in the facility. We needed to make sure we ran all the samples given to us by the animal facilities before we went back to the US. I had to improvise and wound up turning my hotel room into a makeshift laboratory. I had an extraction area (bedside table), my re-agent master mix preparation area (the dressing table), and my DNA loading area and instrument area (another bedside table). But do I use to keep my re-agents cool? Why, a foam cooler and ice cubes purchased from a nearby market! I extracted my samples, set up the assay instrument, and went to sleep with ...
http://blogs.sandiegozoo.org/tag/amphibian-disease-laboratory/
Fungus Threatening Worlds Amphibians Likely Spread by Trade : TreeHuggerFungus Threatening Worlds Amphibians Likely Spread by Trade : TreeHugger
The Chytrid fungus, which has decimated global amphibian populations, is now found on every continent and it likely got there through trade.
https://www.treehugger.com/endangered-species/fungus-threatening-worlds-amphibians-likely-spread-by-trade.html
Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal...Experimental evidence that the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is a potential carrier of chytridiomycosis, an emerging fungal...
To test the susceptibility of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) to amphibian chytridiomycosis, groups of captive bred, recently metamorphosed bullfrogs were inoculated with zoospores of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the causative agent of chytridiomycosis, and assayed for clinical and pathological signs of infection. A novel technique for counting B. dendrobatidis zoospore inocula is described. Inoculation regimes varied from single exposures of 1-10 million zoospores per animal to inocula of 10 million zoospores per animal per day for a 31 day period. Twenty-five to fifty percent of each inoculated cohort was histologically positive for B. dendrobatidis on necropsy. However, lesions were focal, small with relatively little thickening of the keratinized epidermis and no clinical signs of chytridiomycosis were observed. Only one animal died during the experiment, due to cardiac puncture procedure. A fungal isolate used in these experiments was inoculated onto four metamorphosed poison dart frogs ...
https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/node/11075
Frontiers | Captivity and Infection by the Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Perturb the Amphibian Skin...Frontiers | Captivity and Infection by the Fungal Pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Perturb the Amphibian Skin...
The emerging fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is responsible for the catastrophic decline of European salamanders and poses a threat to amphibians globally. The amphibian skin microbiome can influence disease outcome for several host-pathogen systems, yet little is known of its role in Bsal infection. In addition, many experimental in-vivo amphibian disease studies to date have relied on specimens that have been kept in captivity for long periods without considering the influence of environment on the microbiome and how this may impact the host response to pathogen exposure. We characterized the impact of captivity and exposure to Bsal on the skin bacterial and fungal communities of two co-occurring European newt species, the smooth newt, Lissotriton vulgaris and the great-crested newt, Triturus cristatus. We show that captivity led to significant losses in bacterial and fungal diversity of amphibian skin, which may be indicative of a decline in microbe-mediated protection. We
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01834/full
The anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus Piromyces sp. E2 produces ethanol via pyruvate:formate lyase and an alcohol dehydrogenase EThe anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus Piromyces sp. E2 produces ethanol via pyruvate:formate lyase and an alcohol dehydrogenase E
Anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi possess hydrogenosomes, which generate hydrogen and ATP, but also acetate and formate as end-products of a prokaryotic-type mixed-acid fermentation. Notably, the anaerobic chytrids Piromyces and Neocallimastix use pyruvate:formate lyase (PFL) for the catabolism of pyr …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14982632/?dopt=Abstract
Decline in amphibian populations - WikipediaDecline in amphibian populations - Wikipedia
The first response to reports of declining amphibian populations was the formation of the Declining Amphibian Population Task Force (DAPTF) in 1990. DAPFT led efforts for increased amphibian population monitoring in order to establish the extent of the problem, and established working groups to look at different issues.[42] Results were communicated through the newsletter Froglog. Much of this research went into the production of the first Global Amphibian Assessment (GAA), which was published in 2004 and assessed every known amphibian species against the IUCN Red List criteria. This found that approximately one third of amphibian species were threatened with extinction.[43] As a result of these shocking findings an Amphibian Conservation Summit was held in 2005, because it was considered morally irresponsible to document amphibian declines and extinctions without also designing and promoting a response to this global crisis.[44]. Outputs from the Amphibian Conservation Summit included the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations
Chytrid News - American Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AAZV)
During this year (2006), chytridiomycosis, sometimes referred to as chytrid fungus or Bd (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), was found in Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) from two well-known commercial vendors of amphibians. In two shipments received from a vendor in the southern portion of the United States, mortality from the disease exceeded 60% of over 400 animals. In another shipment from the East Coast, Eastern Newts tested positive for the disease but no mortality was experienced in over a month of quarantine. Although Bd is very widespread, this may be the first report of infection in a commercial source. The purpose of this note is to alert scientific users to the possibility of the fungus in shipments from these and other suppliers of amphibians. Many species of amphibians in addition to Eastern Newts are susceptible to the disease, so the concern extends beyond a single species. Bd infects epidermis where it is saprophytic on keratin and may interfere with respiration, gas ...
http://www.aazv.org/page/105/Chytrid-News.htm
Extinction in Our Times: Global Amphibian Decline | NHBS Academic & Professional BooksExtinction in Our Times: Global Amphibian Decline | NHBS Academic & Professional Books
Buy Extinction in Our Times (9780195316940): Global Amphibian Decline: NHBS - James P Collins and Martha L Crump, Oxford University Press
https://www.nhbs.com/extinction-in-our-times-book?bkfno=180058
Amphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species - California ScholarshipAmphibian Declines: The Conservation Status of United States Species - California Scholarship
This book documents a major environmental crisis: rapidly declining amphibian populations and the developmental problems that are increasingly prevalent within many amphibian species. Horror stories on this topic have been featured in the scientific and popular press over the past fifteen years, invariably asking what amphibian declines are telling us about the state of the environment. Are declines harbingers of devastated ecosystems or simply weird reflections of a peculiar amphibian world? This compendium - presenting new data, reviews of current literature, and comprehensive species accounts - reinforces what scientists have begun to suspect: that amphibians are a lens through which the state of the environment can be viewed more clearly. And, that the view is alarming and presages serious concerns for all life, including that of our own species. The first part of this work consists of more than fifty essays covering topics from the causes of amphibian population declines to conservation, surveys
http://california.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1525/california/9780520235922.001.0001/upso-9780520235922?rskey=E5XxBg&result=2
Inter Research » DAO » v117 » n2 » p85-92Inter Research » DAO » v117 » n2 » p85-92
ABSTRACT: Highly virulent pathogens that cause host population declines confront the risk of fade-out, but if pathogen transmission dynamics are age-structured, pathogens can persist. Among other features of amphibian biology, variable larval developmental rates generate age-structured larval populations, which in theory can facilitate pathogen persistence. We investigated this possibility empirically in a population of Salamandra salamandra in Spain affected by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) at breeding sites that lacked alternative amphibian hosts. None of the adults presented infection by Bd. However, for the larvae, while environmental heterogeneity was the most important predictor of infection, the effect on infection dynamics was mediated by transmission from overwintered larvae to new larval recruits, which occurred only in permanent larval habitats. We suggest that interannual Bd maintenance in a host population that experiences mass mortality associated with infection can occur ...
https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v117/n2/p85-92/
Buffalo Zoo Blog: January 2011Buffalo Zoo Blog: January 2011
The Buffalo Zoo offered members of the media the opportunity to photograph the Zoos hellbender rearing lab that is now officially open for public viewing on January 11th inside the Buffalo Zoo Reptile House. The eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) is the largest aquatic salamander species found in the Americas. Wildlife studies have shown that hellbender populations have declined dramatically, including those that inhabit some watersheds in New York State. Reasons for the decline of these amphibians are unknown. However, scientists are working to study the role of predators, disease (such as amphibian chytrid fungus), angler-related mortality, water quality and suitable habitat conditions and food sources to determine their contributions to the decline of hellbender populations. Although the eastern hellbender is listed as a species of special concern in New York, federal and state officials are also working to change their listing to threatened or endangered. The Buffalo ...
http://buffalozooblog.blogspot.com/2011/01/
Biology DNA Core
Recent publications: OBryan C.J.; Gray M.J.; Brooks C.S. 2012. Presence of Ranavirus Infection in Amphibian Populations of Tennessee, USA. Herpetological Review 43(2), 293-295. - In this project, amphibians were collected from natural ponds and cattle ponds to compare the endemic nature of ranavirus. Hundreds of tadpoles and juvenal frogs were collected for tissue biopsy. The tissues were enzymatically digested and DNA preferentially purified. Spectral analysis revealed pure, good-quality DNA purification and ready for PCR. We performed some ranavirus-spiked controls to determine our minimum detection limits and tested for PCR-inhibition in all samples. Finally, a collection of samples were DNA sequenced for final confirmation that what we were seeing was the actual viral DNA. Chatfield, M. W. H., B. B. Rothermel, C. Brooks, and J. Kay. 2009. Detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians from the Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, USA. Herpetological Review ...
http://www.apsu.edu/biology/dna-core
Linking global climate and temperature variability to widespread amphibian declines putatively caused by disease | PNASLinking global climate and temperature variability to widespread amphibian declines putatively caused by disease | PNAS
Although El Niño seems to be the ultimate climatic phenomenon affecting Atelopus declines, we further sought to differentiate among several climate-based factors associated with El Niño events that have been proposed as proximate drivers of enigmatic amphibian declines (26). The chytrid-thermal-optimum hypothesis proposes that increased cloud cover due to warmer oceanic temperatures leads to convergence of daytime and nighttime temperatures (i.e., a reduced diurnal temperature range) on the optimum temperature for Bd growth (11). Several mean-climate hypotheses have also been proposed for amphibian declines. These include predictions that mean temperature, mean precipitation, or an interaction between the two will be significant predictors of amphibian losses, either by directly causing declines, accelerating decomposition of leaf litter habitat, or altering interactions with natural enemies (27-31).. Finally, there is the climate-variability hypothesis, which proposes that temporal ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/107/18/8269
Studying amphibian decline due to chytrid in the Costa Rican forestsStudying amphibian decline due to chytrid in the Costa Rican forests
To conduct this study, Dr Puschendorf must collect samples from a range of different frog species and test them to determine if they carry the chytrid fungus. This involves catching the frog, taking the sample (either a toe clipping or a skin swab), performing a PCR test on the sample and then returning the frog to its habitat. Issues arise with this method of testing when a behavioural study is the underlying aim of the research. If frogs are held in captivity for more than five minutes, their behaviour and responses to stimuli are altered. To ensure that behavioural observations arent adversely affected, the entire sampling process must be completed within a five minute window for each frog. This means ideally the frog should be swabbed as quickly as possible ...
http://www.ubiquitomebio.com/news/studying-amphibian-decline-due-to-chytrid-in-the-costa-rican-forests
Amphibian decline - climate change not the single culprit | Watts Up With That?Amphibian decline - climate change not the single culprit | Watts Up With That?
CORVALLIS, Ore. - Amphibian declines around the world have forced many species to the brink of extinction, are much more complex than realized and have multiple causes that are still not fully understood, researchers conclude in a new report.. The search for a single causative factor is often missing the larger picture, they said, and approaches to address the crisis may fail if they dont consider the totality of causes - or could even make things worse.. No one issue can explain all of the population declines that are occurring at an unprecedented rate, and much faster in amphibians than most other animals, the scientists conclude in a study just published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.. The amphibian declines are linked to natural forces such as competition, predation, reproduction and disease, as well as human-induced stresses such as habitat destruction, environmental contamination, invasive species and climate change, researchers said.. An enormous rate of change has ...
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/04/25/amphibian-decline-climate-change-not-the-single-culprit/
Seasonal prevalence of the chytrid fungus in populations of the motorbike frog Litoria moorei - The Clean Air and Urban...Seasonal prevalence of the chytrid fungus in populations of the motorbike frog Litoria moorei - The Clean Air and Urban...
The Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub acknowledges the traditional owners of the lands on which we operate. Unless otherwise indicated, all text and images on this website are subject to copyright and may not be reused without permission. All data produced by the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub will be made publicly available under the NESP Data Accessibility Guidelines except where subject to privacy considerations or pre-existing licensing agreements. The Clean Air and Urban Landscapes Hub is funded by the Australian Governments National Environmental Science Program.. ...
https://nespurban.edu.au/publications/seasonal-prevalence-of-the-chytrid-fungus-in-populations-of-the-motorbike-frog-litoria-moorei-2/
Welch, Allison - College of CharlestonWelch, Allison - College of Charleston
Lawson, T.L.**, M.L. Jones, O. Komar and A.M. Welch. 2011. Prevalence of ﻽Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis﻽ in Agalychnis moreletii (Hylidae) of El Salvador and association with larval jaw sheath depigmentation. ﻽Journal of Wildlife Diseases 47(3): 544-554. **graduate student ...
https://marinebiology.cofc.edu/about-the-program/faculty-listing/welch-allison-m..php
The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologists perspective | Journal of Experimental BiologyThe cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologists perspective | Journal of Experimental Biology
Fig. 2. A communal wood frog (Rana sylvatica) deposition site in Concord (Middlesex County) Massachusetts from 1988 (A). Well over 100 egg masses are shown just on the surface, indicating a local population of over 200 breeding adults. Similar numbers bred at this site in the previous 2 years, but in this same time frame only two adults were ever seen outside of the breeding season. (B-F) Breeding sites for boreal toads (Bufo boreas) along Del Peurto Creek in Stanislaus County, California. B shows a pair of copulating toads with the strings of eggs wrapped around the pair. C and D show views of one ephemeral pool where a single clutch of eggs (which can be up to 10,000 individuals) has hatched in 1996. E and F show changes in a second nearby deposition site from 1995 (E) to 1999 (F). The breeding site is on the left in both panels with Del Peurto Creek on the right. Arrow in E shows the location of the small breeding pool shown in panels C and D. Because of anthropogenic activity, water flow has ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/6/921.figures-only
Sapo partero común - Alytes obstetricans - Bibliografía
Bibliografía. Altaba, C. R. (1997). Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a reappraisal. Contributions to Zoology, 66: 257-262.. Angelier, M. L., Angelier, E. (1964). Etude dune population de Crapauds accoucheurs dans un lac de haute montagne. Comptes Rendus de lAcadémie des Sciences, 258: 701-703.. Araújo, M. B., Guilhaumon, F., Rodrigues Neto, D., Pozo Ortego, I., Gómez Calmaestra, R. (2011). Impactos, vulnerabilidad y adaptación de la biodiversidad española frente al cambio climático. 2. Fauna de vertebrados. Dirección general de medio Natural y Política Forestal. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino, Madrid. 640 pp.. Arntzen, J. W., García-París, M. (1995). Morphological and allozyme studies of midwife toads (Genus Alytes), including the description of two new taxa from Spain. Contributions to Zoology, 65: 5-34.. Arntzen, J. W., García-París, M. (1997). Phylogeny and biogeography of midwife toads (Alytes, Discoglossidae): a ...
http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/anfibios/bibliografia/alyobsbi.html
The First Pregnancy Tests and the Demise of Frogs | Britannica Blog
The African clawed frog is a carrier of Batrachochytrium dendrobatis (Bd), the fungus responsible for amphibian chytridiomycosis, which has devastated frog
http://blogs.britannica.com/2013/5/the-first-pregnancy-tests-and-the-demise-of-frogs
Amphibian Disease Conference To Meet In Arizona - Veterinary Practice NewsAmphibian Disease Conference To Meet In Arizona - Veterinary Practice News
Almost 300 people, including veterinarians, scientists and fish and wildlife managers, will meet Nov. 5-7 in Tempe, Ariz., at a conference on stopping the spread of a fungal-based amphibian disease. Hosted by the Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC)-a multilateral organization with members from the federal and state governments, zoos, the pet industry, conservation groups and others-the conference will include panels to discuss amphibian deaths related to the so-called Bd fungal disease, know …
https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/amphibian-disease-conference-to-meet-in-arizona/
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Agricultural impacts on amphibian survival, growth, and distributions | ID: gb19f831d |...
The potential impact of chemical contaminants and conservation practices on amphibians in agricultural landscapes is a key research topic globally. Amphibians represent a common group in many freshwater systems and are currently experiencing worldwide population declines. Global amphibian declines may be attributed to a number of causes, including habitat loss, introduced species, global climate change, disease, and chemical contaminants; most species declines are not a function of only one factor, but a result of interacting factors and synergistic impacts. I analyzed the impact of field conservation efforts employed in the Calapooia watershed, located in the central Willamette Valley in Oregon, on amphibian species diversity using Simpsons Diversity Index. In the Calapooia watershed the value of this index increased when conservation efforts, such as retaining crop residue and riparian buffers, were present. This suggests that species diversity increased with increased conservation effort at ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/gb19f831d
Biology of Amphibian Declines - California ScholarshipBiology of Amphibian Declines - California Scholarship
This chapter argues that the environmental stressors acting upon populations, especially those stressors of anthropogenic origin, can be better divided into the following three evils: habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation, and habitat degradation. Different species, with differing susceptibilities to extinction, should react to these environmental stressors in various ways depending upon their ecological differences, especially in demographic characteristics and population structures. Amphibians exhibit a variety of natural history and life history strategies, and this concept must apply as much to them as to the organisms upon which it was based. A classic problem in animal demographics and population biology is how populations of small animals (rodents, particularly lemmings, in the classic case) fluctuate in size. To understand amphibian population declines, this chapter examines amphibian persistence, extinction, and population increase. It then places these in the context of habitat
https://california.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1525/california/9780520235922.001.0001/upso-9780520235922-chapter-7
CUENCA2020
Organisers: Frank Pasmans (Ghent University), Matthew Gray (University of Tennessee), An Martel (Ghent University), Molly Bletz (University of Massachusetts-Boston and Amphibian Survival Alliance), Andrew Cunningham (Zoological Society of London), and Debra Miller (University of Tennessee and Wildlife Disease Association). Outline: Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is a recently discovered fungal pathogen that causes a necrotizing skin disease in susceptible amphibian species and is currently emerging on the European continent. Bsal is believed to be from Asia and was probably introduced to Europe through international trade of amphibians. Its presence on other continents remains unknown but several nations have begun surveillance programs due to Bsals potential to devastate amphibian biodiversity. Initial susceptibility trials suggest that over two-thirds of North American salamander species are susceptible to infection and about one-third have low infection tolerance and develop the ...
http://www.cuenca2020.com/CUENCA2020/registration/ws-activ
Atelopus andinus Rivero, 1968 | Amphibian Species of the WorldAtelopus andinus Rivero, 1968 | Amphibian Species of the World
Atelopus spumarius andinus Rivero, 1968, Caribb. J. Sci., 8: 23. Holotype: AMNH 43200 (erroneously cited as 4300 in the original publication, according to Lötters, 1996, Neotrop. Toad Genus Atelopus: 49). Type locality: Upper Biabo Valley, Perú.. Atelopus pulcher andinus - Peters, 1973, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., 145: 42.. Atelopus andinus - Lötters and De la Riva, 1998, J. Herpetol., 32: 481-488.. ...
http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/index.php/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Atelopus/Atelopus-andinus
Forecasting changes in amphibian biodiversity: aiming at a moving target | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:...Forecasting changes in amphibian biodiversity: aiming at a moving target | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:...
Amphibian population declines and sudden species extinctions began to be noted at the beginning of the 1980s. Understanding the causes of the losses is hampered by our poor knowledge of the amphibian fauna in many parts of the world. Amphibian taxa are still being described at a high rate, especially in the tropics, which means that even quantifying species lost as a percentage of the current fauna can be a misleading statistic in some parts of the globe. The number of species that have gone missing is only one measure of the loss of biodiversity. Long-term studies of single-species populations are needed, but this approach has its limits. Amphibian populations often show great annual variation in population size making it difficult, if not impossible, to use short-term studies as a basis for deciding if a population is increasing or decreasing in the long term. Aggregating single studies into databases and searching for patterns of variation is a way of overcoming this limitation. Several ...
http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/309
Assessment of the Amphibian Species Diversity, Population Status and Trends within the Forest Fragments of the Taita Hills,...Assessment of the Amphibian Species Diversity, Population Status and Trends within the Forest Fragments of the Taita Hills,...
Survey and consolidate information on amphibian populations, their range and abundance within the forest fragments comprising the Taita Hills and Mount Kasigau as a barometer of environmental health. Working thorough local counterparts, this project will train local field assistants with a view to developing a sustainable long-term monitoring program.. ...
https://www.cepf.net/grants/grantee-projects/assessment-amphibian-species-diversity-population-status-and-trends-within
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] - Neocallimastix frontalis (Rumen fungus)Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP] - Neocallimastix frontalis (Rumen fungus)
Catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate (OAA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the rate-limiting step in the metabolic pathway that produces glucose from lactate and other precursors derived from the citric acid cycle.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P22130
PDF] An anaerobic mitochondrion that produces hydrogen | Semantic ScholarPDF] An anaerobic mitochondrion that produces hydrogen | Semantic Scholar
Hydrogenosomes are organelles that produce ATP and hydrogen, and are found in various unrelated eukaryotes, such as anaerobic flagellates, chytridiomycete fungi and ciliates. Although all of these organelles generate hydrogen, the hydrogenosomes from these organisms are structurally and metabolically quite different, just like mitochondria where large differences also exist. These differences have led to a continuing debate about the evolutionary origin of hydrogenosomes. Here we show that the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis, which thrives in the hindgut of cockroaches, have retained a rudimentary genome encoding components of a mitochondrial electron transport chain. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that those proteins cluster with their homologues from aerobic ciliates. In addition, several nucleus-encoded components of the mitochondrial proteome, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and complex II, were identified. The N. ovalis hydrogenosome is sensitive to inhibitors of
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-anaerobic-mitochondrion-that-produces-hydrogen-Boxma-Graaf/c51e1e393859eb28413997bceb075b0d181def95
Interactive Effects of a Heavy Metal and Chytridiomycosis on Gray Treefrog Larvae (Hyla chrysoscelis)Interactive Effects of a Heavy Metal and Chytridiomycosis on Gray Treefrog Larvae (Hyla chrysoscelis)
Copeia publishes work on the biology of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, or work using those organisms as models for testing hypotheses of broad significance.
https://bioone.org/journals/copeia/volume-2004/issue-2/CE-03-116R1/Interactive-Effects-of-a-Heavy-Metal-and-Chytridiomycosis-on-Gray/10.1643/CE-03-116R1.short
Menzies, 2014, Alytes, 30 | Amphibian Species of the WorldMenzies, 2014, Alytes, 30 | Amphibian Species of the World
Interprets this as Lithobates AND pipiens so will return all records that have the character string Lithobates pipiens anywhere within a record: e.g., all members of the Lithobates pipiens complex ...
http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/index.php/Bibliography/M/Menzies-2014-Alytes-30
Conservation Archives | Page 9 of 10 | The Wetlands ConservancyConservation Archives | Page 9 of 10 | The Wetlands Conservancy
Amphibians are a key indicator species of ecosystem health. Their presence or absence can tell us a lot about the general health of a wetland or riparian area in addition to giving us a sense of site water and habitat quality. When climatic and hydrologic changes occur in an ecosystem, amphibians are often the first to react. Their thin skin makes them vulnerable to temperature increases, chemical pollutants, disease, and radiation. The combinations of pollutants, habitat fragmentation and development in urban areas have had a negative impact on amphibian populations. In the Portland Metro area, everything from mutations of extra legs to complete absence of native amphibians has been documented.. read more. ...
http://wetlandsconservancy.org/category/conservation/page/9/
Fungal Parasites and Pathogens- Online Textbook Chapters - Alyvea.com
Fungi can affect animals, including humans, in several ways. A mycosis is a fungal disease that results from infection and direct damage. Fungi attack animals directly by colonizing and destroying tissues. Mycotoxicosis is the poisoning of humans (and other animals) by foods contaminated by fungal toxins (mycotoxins). Mycetismus describes the ingestion of preformed toxins in poisonous mushrooms. In addition, individuals who display hypersensitivity to molds and spores develop strong and dangerous allergic reactions. Fungal infections are generally very difficult to treat because, unlike bacteria, fungi are eukaryotes. Antibiotics only target prokaryotic cells, whereas compounds that kill fungi also harm the eukaryotic animal host.. Many fungal infections are superficial; that is, they occur on the animals skin. Termed cutaneous (skin) mycoses, they can have devastating effects. For example, the decline of the worlds frog population in recent years may be caused by the chytrid fungus ...
http://alyvea.com/biology-textbook/fungal-pathogens.php
Global Names Resolver :: Kihansi Gorge Amphibian Species ChecklistGlobal Names Resolver :: Kihansi Gorge Amphibian Species Checklist
Data Source ID: 99 This is a checklist of Amphibian Species in the Kihansi Gorge in the Udzungwa Tanzania. It is an important information on Biodiversity status of the Udzungwa Mountains as a Mega Biodiverse Hotspot of the Eastern Arc Mountains. It contains endemic and species with the risk of extinction (endangered, critically endangered, extinct in the wild). The studies on amphibian species commenced with the discovery of the Kihansi Spray Toad (KST) (Nectophrynoides asperginis) in December 1996 and its description in 1998 (Poynton et al., 1998). To date several species of amphibians in the Order Anura in Five different Families have been identified to exist in the Kihansi Gorge. Unfortunately Nectophrynoides asperginis went extinct in the wild mainly due to habitat alteration by the Kihansi River water abstraction where water is used for Hydro power project. Further studies are underway to establish the exact cause of the population crash of KST in the Kihansi Gorge as one of the effort to ...
http://resolver.globalnames.org/data_sources/99
Taronga Conservation Society AustraliaTaronga Conservation Society Australia
This directory includes experts in a wide range of fields related to captive amphibian programs. It is intended to benefit anyone who is involved with conservation programs for captive amphibians.. Please note: If you are not directly involved with captive conservation programs for amphibians, we ask that you consider searching for any information you need on our web site, or using an internet search engine rather than contacting the people below. Due to their existing workloads, these people are unable to answer emails that are not from people involved with captive amphibian programs. Please consider using these other resources to find the help you need: Amphibian Husbandry, Chytrid Fungus, AArk Documents, Amphibians on the Web.. ...
http://www.amphibianark.org/amphibian-husbandry-experts/organization/Taronga+Conservation+Society+Australia/
Fundación Zoológica de CaliFundación Zoológica de Cali
This directory includes experts in a wide range of fields related to captive amphibian programs. It is intended to benefit anyone who is involved with conservation programs for captive amphibians.. Please note: If you are not directly involved with captive conservation programs for amphibians, we ask that you consider searching for any information you need on our web site, or using an internet search engine rather than contacting the people below. Due to their existing workloads, these people are unable to answer emails that are not from people involved with captive amphibian programs. Please consider using these other resources to find the help you need: Amphibian Husbandry, Chytrid Fungus, AArk Documents, Amphibians on the Web.. ...
http://www.amphibianark.org/amphibian-husbandry-experts/organization/Fundaci%C3%B3n+Zool%C3%B3gica+de+Cali/
Amphibian IdentificationAmphibian Identification
Why are Amphibians Important. Amphibians are found worldwide and are an important link in the food chain of many ecosystems, acting as both predator and prey. Amphibians have thin and highly permeable skin that allows oxygen, water, and other chemicals to be absorbed. This means that pollutants and toxins may pass directly into the body. Consequently, environmental pollution can cause the death of amphibians directly, or have other impacts such as developmental abnormalities, altered behaviour and increased vulnerability to disease and predators.. These characteristics make amphibians, as a group, particularly sensitive to human activities that impact and result in changes in climate, habitat, and air and water quality. For this reason, amphibians are often referred to as biological indicator species and may reflect the ecological health of our waterways, wetlands and adjacent uplands.. Global Decline. Over recent decades an alarming decline in amphibian populations around the world has ...
http://callofthewetland.ca/amphibian-identification/
Category:Frogs - The Free Freshwater and Saltwater Aquarium Encyclopedia Anyone Can Edit - The Aquarium Wiki
Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura (meaning tail-less from Greek an-, without + oura, tail). Adult frogs are characterised by long hind legs, a short body, webbed digits, protruding eyes and the absence of a tail. Most frogs have a semi-aquatic lifestyle, but move easily on land by jumping or climbing. They typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds or lakes, and their larvae, called tadpoles, have gills and develop in water. Adult frogs follow a carnivorous diet, mostly of arthropods, annelids and gastropods. Frogs are most noticeable through their call, which can be widely heard during the mating season. The distribution of frogs ranges from tropic to subarctic regions, with most of the species found in tropical rainforests. With over 5,000 species described, they are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates. However the declining numbers of certain species of frogs are increasingly giving cause for concern caused by the Chytrid Fungus. ...
http://theaquariumwiki.com/wiki/Category:Frogs
Deadly Fungus Invades Frogs Last Safe Haven in Central America | Discover MagazineDeadly Fungus Invades Frogs Last Safe Haven in Central America | Discover Magazine
Whats the News: A fungus that his been wiping out frog species all over the world is creeping into the last area patch of tropical mountains in the Americas escape its scourge, the Darien National Park in Panama, and scientists are scrambling to save what species they can. Frogs have been taking a beating. over the last three decades, due in large part to a ruthless killer called chytrid fungus. . Identified in the late 90s. , the fungus is startlingly lethal, driving 50% of species into extinction and killing 80% of individuals within five months of appearing at one location in Panama. It spreads through water via spores, affecting even areas where humans have not penetrated. It is the worst infectious disease ever recorded among vertebrates in terms of the number of species impacted, and its propensity to drive them to extinction, wrote a team of scientists in a 2005 World Conservation Union report. [pdf]. How the Heck:. ...
https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/deadly-fungus-invades-frogs-last-safe-haven-in-central-america
AmphibiaWeb - Atelopus crucigerAmphibiaWeb - Atelopus cruciger
Atelopus cruciger is diurnal. During breeding season (the dry season), this species lives near freshwater streams, typically found on rocks within the stream, or streamside vegetation climbing up to 1.5 m above the ground (Stuart et al. 2008). Adults feed on ants and other insects (Lötters 2006). Although Atelopus cruciger lacks a tympanum and middle ear structures, this species exhibits three types of distinct calls: pulsed (buzzes), pure-toned (whistles), rising in frequency, and short (chirps or twitters), descending in frequency. A short, quiet, partially pulsed call, descending in frequency, is the characteristic vocalization for male frogs in the vicinity of other non-interacting individuals, males placed in a collecting bag with other males, and males in amplexus. An amplexing male will increase his call rate when another male approaches or touches him. In addition to the three distinct call types, one male was observed to give a series of variable calls before a series of ...
http://amphibiaweb.org/species/43
AmphibiaWeb - Atelopus coyneiAmphibiaWeb - Atelopus coynei
Atelopus coynei is a relatively small harlequin frog, with females growing up to a length of 32 mm and males to 23 mm. The snout of A. coynei projects beyond the lower jaw, creating a sharp ninety-degree angle above the nostril when viewed in lateral profile. Atelopus coynei has a body wider than the head, its head is longer than wide. The laterally open nostrils are located along the line between the anterior margin of orbit to tip of snout, approximately a third of the distance from the snout. Viewed from above, the corner of the eyelids diverge from a point behind the nostrils to immediately anterior of the orbits after which they diverge more strongly. The canthus rostralis is roundish, with a subtle depression at the loreal region. The interorbital space in A. coynei is broader than the upper eyelid and the tympanum is obscured. The skin on A. coyneis head is smooth but can have sparse, fine granulations. The skin of the dorsum is granulated and exhibits twin ridges near the parotoid area. ...
https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Atelopus&where-species=coynei&rel-genus=equals&rel-species=equals
Announcements | LAMonitor.comAnnouncements | LAMonitor.com
Art on Tap Series. 5:30-7 p.m. Art therapist/counselor Trish Ebbert will talk about the benefits of art for ones good mental health.. Amphibian Declines: Around the World and in Your Backyard. 7 p.m. Fish and wildlife biologist Michelle Christman will talk about amphibian biology, threats amphibians face and general amphibian declines, both around the world and locally. The recent decision to list the Jemez Mountains salamander as an endangered species will also be discussed. No advance registration required. Free. For more information, visit PajaritoEEC.org, call 662-0460, or email [email protected] Los Alamos County and the Los Alamos League of Women Voters presents back-to-back forums at Fuller Lodge. At 5:30 p.m., the forum on the Structure-of-Government Charter Amendments. At 6:45 p.m. the forum for candidates for the Third Congressional District, will feature Democratic Candidate Ben Ray Luján and Republican Candidate Jefferson Byrd.. Downtown Dogs. A weekly walking group for ...
http://www.lamonitor.com/features/announcements?page=9&mini=calendar-date%2F2013-04
New research confirms continued, unabated and large-scale amphibian declines | EurekAlert! Science NewsNew research confirms continued, unabated and large-scale amphibian declines | EurekAlert! Science News
New US Geological Survey-led research suggests that even though amphibians are severely declining worldwide, there is no smoking gun -- and thus no simple solution -- to halting or reversing these declines.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/ugs-nrc052316.php
Using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to assess the toxicity and teratogenicity of aquatic amphibian habitatsUsing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to assess the toxicity and teratogenicity of aquatic amphibian habitats
Environmental contamination has been suspected of being partially responsible for recent declines in amphibian populations. It is often not feasible to identify all of the compounds in an environment, nor the concentrations in which they are present. SPMDs are passive sampling devices that uptake lipophilic compounds from the environment in a manner similar to aquatic organisms. The extracts from the SPMDs, therefore, contain a composite sample of the compounds that are present in the environment. In this paper, we outline the methods from studies in which we have used extracts from SPMDs in toxicity tests on amphibian larvae. Using SPMD extracts makes it possible to establish potential links between amphibian deformities and declines and environmental contamination by lipophilic compounds....
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70025405
Managing Population Decline in Europes Urban and Rural Areas | NEIMEDManaging Population Decline in Europes Urban and Rural Areas | NEIMED
There is no way around demographic change: the future of many developed countries is characterized by shrinking and ageing population. This development implies many challenges for Europes urban and rural areas. Demographic change is getting on agenda of academics, policy makers and many other stakeholders. In particular, population decline is discovered as a relevant topic.. In their book*, Managing population Decline in Europes Urban and Rural Areas, Gert-Jan Hospers and Nol Reverda provide a valuable asset to the population decline discourse by discussing this phenomenon from demographical, geographical and sociological point of view. The focus of this book is on the population decline as a transformation process. More specifically they are interested in the way in which people connect with each other: in other words on the impact of this development on the social structures. Namely, so far population decline discussion has been primarily led by spatial planning and policy research. New ...
https://www.neimed.nl/nl/managing-population-decline-europes-urban-and-rural-areas
Question, Ask questiImagine you are studying a group of amphibian species that vary in, BiologyQuestion, Ask questiImagine you are studying a group of amphibian species that vary in, Biology
Biology Assignment Help, Question, Ask questiImagine you are studying a group of amphibian species that vary in their habitats-some living in dense, murky water, and others living in very clear ponds. What kind of communication problems exist in each environment? What sorts of differe
http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/question-301163425.aspx
Mission Critical: Amphibian Rescue | Amphibian Rescue and Conservation ProjectMission Critical: Amphibian Rescue | Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project
This award-winning documentary featuring our race to find a cure for a deadly amphibian disease and to build an amphibian ark in Panama is now available for FREE. Watch the trailer below and download the full feature if you would like to see more on the itunes store for a limited time only ...
http://amphibianrescue.org/2013/07/01/mission-critical-amphibian-rescue-2/
ChytridiomycotaChytridiomycota
... are unusual among the Fungi in that they reproduce with zoöspores. For most members of Chytridiomycota, sexual ... Chytridiomycota are a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids. The name is derived ... Chytridiomycota at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (CS1: long volume value, CS1 maint: url- ... The population of the Chytridiomycota species are able to be supported even though there is a lack of plant life in these ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytridiomycota
HyphochytriomycetesHyphochytriomycetes
Cavalier-Smith, In: Green, Leadbeater, and Diver (eds.), The Chromophyte Algae: 385 (1989). "Chytridiomycota". Archived from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphochytriomycetes
PhylumPhylum
"Chytridiomycota , phylum of fungi". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 5 May 2019. McConnaughey, M (2014). Physical Chemical ... Taylor, Krings and Taylor, Thomas, Michael and Edith (2015). "Fossil Fungi Chapter 4 - Chytridiomycota". Fossil Fungi: 41-67. ... Holt, Jack R.; Iudica, Carlos A. (9 January 2014). "Chytridiomycota". Diversity of Life. Susquehanna University. Retrieved 29 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylum
SpitzenkörperSpitzenkörper
Powell, Martha J.; Letcher, Peter M. (2014). "Chytridiomycota, Monoblepharidomycota, and Neocallimastigomycota". In Esser, K ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzenkörper
Glossary of mycologyGlossary of mycology
Chytridiomycota A phylum of fungi. Informally known as chytrids. Characterized by chitinous cell walls and reproduction via ... The four traditional phyla of (true) fungi are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota; Glomeromycota and ... Freshwater fungi include: Many zoosporic fungi of Chytridiomycota, Chytridiales, and Saprolegniales; some saxicolous lichens of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mycology
CladochytrialesCladochytriales
... a new order in Chytridiomycota". Mycol Res. 113(Pt 4): 498-507. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.12.004. PMID 19422076. Tedersoo, Leho ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladochytriales
ChytriomycesChytriomyces
Letcher, Peter M.; Powell, Martha J. (2002). "A taxonomic summary of Chytriomyces (Chytridiomycota)". Mycotaxon. 84: 447-487. ... a new order in the Chytridiomycota". Mycological Research. 113: 450-460. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.11.019. Chytriomyces in ... Chytridiomycota genera, All stub articles, Fungus stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chytriomyces
NowakowskiellaNowakowskiella
2009). "Cladochytriales - a new order in Chytridiomycota". Mycological Research. 113 (4): 498-507. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.12 ... Chytridiomycota genera, Taxa named by Joseph Schröter, Taxa described in 1893, All stub articles, Fungus stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowakowskiella
AngulomycesAngulomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angulomyces
FungusFungus
The Chytridiomycota are commonly known as chytrids. These fungi are distributed worldwide. Chytrids and their close relatives ... The Neocallimastigomycota were earlier placed in the phylum Chytridiomycota. Members of this small phylum are anaerobic ... The Blastocladiomycota were previously considered a taxonomic clade within the Chytridiomycota. Molecular data and ... As of 2019[update], nine major lineages have been identified: Opisthosporidia, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungus
HyaloraphidiumHyaloraphidium
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaloraphidium
KochiomycesKochiomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochiomyces
GlobomycesGlobomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globomyces
GaertneriomycesGaertneriomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaertneriomyces
CoralloidiomycesCoralloidiomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coralloidiomyces
BoothiomycesBoothiomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boothiomyces
GorgonomycesGorgonomyces
Articles with 'species' microformats, Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycota genera). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonomyces
Outline of life formsOutline of life forms
Blastocladiomycota Chytridiomycota Glomeromycota Microsporidia Neocallimastigomycota Dikarya (inc. Deuteromycota) Ascomycota ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_life_forms
2020 in paleontology2020 in paleontology
Chytridiomycota) colonizing the walls of glomeromycotan acaulospores". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 281: Article ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_paleontology
HalosphaeriaceaeHalosphaeriaceae
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. v t e (Articles ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halosphaeriaceae
RhizophydialesRhizophydiales
Letcher, P.M.; Powell, M.J.; Davis, W.J. (2015). "A new family and four new genera in Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota)". ... Letcher, P.M.; Powell, M.J. (2005). "Kappamyces, a new genus in the Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota)". Nova Hedwigia. 80: 113-133 ... 2004). "Host parasite interactions between freshwater phytoplankton and chytrid fungi (Chytridiomycota)". J. Phycol. 40 (3): ... Chytridiomycota) isolates from North America and Argentina". Mycol. Res. 112 (Pt 7): 759-782. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.025 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizophydiales
Hydropunctaria oceanicaHydropunctaria oceanica
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. Orange, Alan ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropunctaria_oceanica
VerrucariaceaeVerrucariaceae
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. S2CID 38469033 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrucariaceae
HydropunctariaHydropunctaria
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. Gueidan, Cécile ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropunctaria
AscomycotaAscomycota
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. S2CID 38469033. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascomycota
Hydropunctaria rheitrophilaHydropunctaria rheitrophila
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. Thüs, Holger; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropunctaria_rheitrophila
VerrucariaVerrucaria
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. S2CID 38469033 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrucaria
Hydropunctaria oraeHydropunctaria orae
Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 1-72 [13-14]. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4. Orange, Alan ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropunctaria_orae
RozellaRozella
... is a fungal genus of obligate endoparasites of a variety of hosts, including Oomycota, Chytridiomycota, and ... Traditionally, Rozella has been classified as a member of Chytridiomycota, either as a member of Chytridiales or ... However, molecular phylogenies place it well outside of Chytridiomycota with a plethora of environmental sequences. There is ... Most described species are parasites of Oomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Blastocladiomycota. Rozella itersoniliae is a parasite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozella
EntomophthoraEntomophthora
The Fungi kingdom is then divided into five groups - Chytridiomycota. Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Glomeromycotan ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomophthora
Ecology of CommansterEcology of Commanster
Phyla Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota Lichens Kingdoms Chromista, Protozoa Slime and Water Moulds Viruses Plants ( ... Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota Slime and Water Moulds Plants Trees and Bushes Herbaceous Plants Grasses Rushes, ...
https://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Insects/Flies/SpFlies/Commanster/Invertebrates/Spiders/Commanster/Vertebrates/Lists/lists.html
Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDCEmerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
For Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Chytridiomycota), available treatments rely on temperature, partially combined with ...
https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/
ITIS - Report: TerramycetaceaeITIS - Report: Terramycetaceae
Hosted by the USGS Core Science Analytics and Synthesis. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency ITIS Teams. Point of Contact: [email protected]
https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=936650
View source for Taxonomy Index - microbewiki
Chytridiomycota]],br> [[Chrysophyta]],br> [[Ciliophora]],br> [[Cryptococcus]],br> [[Cryptosporidium]],br ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Taxonomy_Index&action=edit
2020-20212020-2021
chytridiomycota), obligate parasite of planktothrix agardhii in a Laurentian Great Lakes embayment. Appl Environ Microbiol. [ ... chytridiomycota), obligate parasite of planktothrix agardhii in a Laurentian Great Lakes embayment. Appl Environ Microbiol. [ ...
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/centers/oceans/publications/2020-2021/index.cfm
Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
For Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Chytridiomycota), available treatments rely on temperature, partially combined with ...
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid
PřF:Bi1010 Plant phylog. & divers. - Course InformationPřF:Bi1010 Plant phylog. & divers. - Course Information
4. Myxomycota, Plasmodiophoromycota, Oomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota. 5. Ascomycota, Deuteromycota. 6. Basidiomycota, ...
https://is.muni.cz/course/sci/Bi1010
Free Biology Flashcards about Biology Study GuideFree Biology Flashcards about Biology Study Guide
Chytridiomycota- Forms spores that have flagella.. 8e.. Deuteromycota- Reproduction method is unknown. ...
https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-277887
Kingdom) Fungi - Montana Field GuideKingdom) Fungi - Montana Field Guide
Montana Field Guide contains a wealth of information about Montanas diverse species.
https://fieldguide.mt.gov/displayPhyDiv.aspx?kingdom=Fungi
The experts behind the assessments
Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Oomycota. Halvor Solheim (Chair). Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO ...
https://www.biodiversity.no/Pages/286627/The_experts_behind_the_assessments?Key=1489754979
Filter by: SubjectFilter by: Subject
Eccrinales | Semantic ScholarEccrinales | Semantic Scholar
Evolutionary relationships of the two basal fungal phyla Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota are reviewed in light of recent ... Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): Insights from molecular phylogenetics. ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Eccrinales/1781047
Ecology of CommansterEcology of Commanster
Phyla Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota Lichens Kingdoms Chromista, Protozoa Slime and Water Moulds Viruses Plants ( ... Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota Slime and Water Moulds Plants Trees and Bushes Herbaceous Plants Grasses Rushes, ...
https://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Trees/Trees/Viburnum.opulus.html
Ecology of CommansterEcology of Commanster
Phyla Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota Lichens Kingdoms Chromista, Protozoa Slime and Water Moulds Viruses Plants ( ... Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Zygomycota Slime and Water Moulds Plants Trees and Bushes Herbaceous Plants Grasses Rushes, ...
https://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Plants/Trees/Trees/Commanster/Insects/Moths/sumoths4.html
Index Fungorum - Names Record
Incertae sedis, Chytridiales, Chytridiomycetidae, Chytridiomycetes, Chytridiomycotina, Chytridiomycota, Fungi. GSD: Species ...
http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=329888
How Fast Do Mushrooms Grow? | eHowHow Fast Do Mushrooms Grow? | eHow
There are about 14,000 known species of mushrooms, with five divisions (phyla) of fungi: Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, ...
https://www.ehow.com/facts_7204107_fast-do-mushrooms-grow_.html
Phylogenomic analysis of the Neocallimastigomycota: Proposal of Caecomycetaceae fam. nov., Piromycetaceae fam. nov., and...Phylogenomic analysis of the Neocallimastigomycota: Proposal of Caecomycetaceae fam. nov., Piromycetaceae fam. nov., and...
The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. II. ... Five Chytridiomycota genomes were also included as the outgroup (Chytriomyces sp. strain MP 71, Entophlyctis helioformis JEL805 ...
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.04.498725v1.full
US Patent Application for METHOD OF PROTECTING DETERMINATE SOYBEAN FROM DAMAGE BY A PLANT PATHOGEN Patent Application ...US Patent Application for METHOD OF PROTECTING DETERMINATE SOYBEAN FROM DAMAGE BY A PLANT PATHOGEN Patent Application ...
Examples of Fungi include Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blasocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota and Olpidiomycota. ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/20220279789
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Synchytrium myosotidis - Plant Parasites of EuropeSynchytrium myosotidis - Plant Parasites of Europe
Chytridiomycota. , Chytridiomycotina. , Synchytriomycetes. , Synchytridiales. , Synchytriaceae. , Synchytrium. , Synchytrium ...
https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/fungi/chytridiomyceta/chytridiomycota/chytridiomycotina/synchytriomycetes/synchytridiales/synchytriaceae/synchytrium/synchytrium-myosotidis/
Frontiers | Intercropping Systems Modify Desert Plant-Associated Microbial Communities and Weaken Host Effects in a Hyper-Arid...Frontiers | Intercropping Systems Modify Desert Plant-Associated Microbial Communities and Weaken Host Effects in a Hyper-Arid...
... and Chytridiomycota. The changes of these dominant phyla abundance possibly influenced the β-diversity of microbial communities ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.754453/full
Kingdom (biology) - WikipediaKingdom (biology) - Wikipedia
In 1998, Cavalier-Smith published a six-kingdom model,[6] which has been revised in subsequent papers. The version published in 2009 is shown below.[20][a][21] Cavalier-Smith no longer accepted the importance of the fundamental Eubacteria-Archaebacteria divide put forward by Woese and others and supported by recent research.[22] The kingdom Bacteria (sole kingdom of empire Prokaryota) was subdivided into two sub-kingdoms according to their membrane topologies: Unibacteria and Negibacteria. Unibacteria was divided into phyla Archaebacteria and Posibacteria; the bimembranous-unimembranous transition was thought to be far more fundamental than the long branch of genetic distance of Archaebacteria, viewed as having no particular biological significance. Cavalier-Smith does not accept the requirement for taxa to be monophyletic ("holophyletic" in his terminology) to be valid. He defines Prokaryota, Bacteria, Negibacteria, Unibacteria, and Posibacteria as valid paraphyla (therefore "monophyletic" in ...
https://wiki.privacytools.io/wiki/Subkingdom?lang=en
SearchSearch
DeCS - Changed Terms
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. PROPERDIN FACTOR B. COMPLEMENT FACTOR B. PROPERDIN FACTOR D. COMPLEMENT FACTOR D. ...
https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage3i.htm
DeCS - Changed Terms
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. PROPERDIN FACTOR B. COMPLEMENT FACTOR B. PROPERDIN FACTOR D. COMPLEMENT FACTOR D. ...
https://decs2007.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage3i.htm
DeCSDeCS
Chytridiomycota - Preferred Concept UI. M0013093. Scope note. A phylum of fungi that was formerly considered a subdivision of ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=19532
DeCS - Changed Terms
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. PROPERDIN FACTOR B. COMPLEMENT FACTOR B. PROPERDIN FACTOR D. COMPLEMENT FACTOR D. ...
https://decs2009.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage3i.htm
DeCS - Changed Terms
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. PROPERDIN FACTOR B. COMPLEMENT FACTOR B. PROPERDIN FACTOR D. COMPLEMENT FACTOR D. ...
https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage3i.htm
DeCS - Changed Terms
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. PROPERDIN FACTOR B. COMPLEMENT FACTOR B. PROPERDIN FACTOR D. COMPLEMENT FACTOR D. ...
https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage3i.htm
DeCS - Changed Terms
CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. PROPERDIN FACTOR B. COMPLEMENT FACTOR B. PROPERDIN FACTOR D. COMPLEMENT FACTOR D. ...
https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage3i.htm
FungiBasidiomycotaSpeciesDivisionFungiZygomycotaPhylum ChytridiomycotaChytridsChytridiomycetesPhylaTaxonomic
Fungi5
  • Evolutionary relationships among basal fungi (Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota): Insights from molecular phylogenetics. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Blastocladiomycota 0 domande A phylum of flagellated fungi, formerly the order Blastocladiales under CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Chytridiomycota 0 domande A phylum of fungi that was formerly considered a subdivision of Phycomycetes. (lookformedical.com)
  • The recently discovered Rhodopsin-cyclases from Chytridiomycota fungi show completely unexpected properties for microbial rhodopsins. (sfb1315.de)
  • Obligately anaerobic fungi (phylum Chytridiomycota, class Neocallimastigomycetes) are commonly found within the digestive tracts of ruminants and hindgut fermenters (large herbivores), where they provide nutrition to the host animal by digesting fiber-rich plant substrates. (doe.gov)
Basidiomycota1
  • Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota relative abundances positively correlated with basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration, while Ascomycota correlated negatively. (microresp.com)
Species1
  • The species is monocentric, possessing a single oval zoosporangium, which develops up to 100 zoospores in a life cycle similar to other members of Chytridiomycota. (doe.gov)
Division1
  • Espesye sa uhong sakop sa division nga Chytridiomycota ang Synchytrium mercurialis [3] . (wikipedia.org)
Fungi9
  • Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycota, a phylum of fungi (kingdom Fungi) distinguished by having zoospores (motile cells) with a single, posterior, whiplash structure. (flash-container.info)
  • The Phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids) is one of the five true phyla of fungi. (flash-container.info)
  • Chytridiomycota phylum of fungi. (flash-container.info)
  • Chytridiomycota is the most species-rich phylum of basal lineage fungi involved in vital processes in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. (uib.no)
  • The phylum Chytridiomycota, the chytrids, represents a group of primitive aquatic fungi. (centrum.sk)
  • This term encompasses both Fungi (or Mycota), Oomycota, Chytridiomycota and Mycetozoa. (gastronomiac.com)
  • A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated Fungi (Chytridiomycota) and a proposal for a new phylum (Blastocladiomycota). (tolweb.org)
  • The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to members of the extant phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids). (uni-kassel.de)
  • James TY, P Letcher, JE Longcore, SE Mozley-Standridge, D Porter, MJ Powell, GW Griffith and R Vilgalys (2006) Isang molekular na filogeny ng mga flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) at paglalarawan ng isang bagong phylum (Blastocladiomycota). (recuperation-donnees-nas.com)
Zygomycota2
  • Fungal chemotaxonomy based on secondary metabolites has been used successfully in large ascomycete genera such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Hypoxylon, Penicillium, Stachybotrys, Xylaria and in few basidiomycete genera, but not in Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. (dtu.dk)
  • These two media was not encourage powerful children( assumptions very with places in the Ascomycota but doubled soon in their full resultat) or any of the unusual last subject documentaries( Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota and Zygomycota). (blue-gtr.de)
Phylum Chytridiomycota2
  • A Microbial Biorealm page on the phylum Chytridiomycota grows, meiotic divisions occur, and a cell wall forms around the original zoospore. (flash-container.info)
  • The only class in the Phylum Chytridiomycota is the Chytridiomycetes . (dualjuridik.org)
Chytrids2
  • Chytrids are the organisms found in Chytridiomycota, they are usually microscopic and aquatic. (gulpmatrix.com)
  • Chytridiomycota - Members of this group are also known as chytrids and produce spores known as zoospores. (biologyease.com)
Chytridiomycetes1
  • a new genus and species of Lobulomycetales (Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycetes) from Japan. (ua.edu)
Phyla1
  • El filo (phylum, plural phyla), tronco o tipo de organización es una categoría taxonómica situada entre el Reino y la Clase, y usada en el reino animal, reino protistas y dominio bacterias. (uniroma2.it)
Taxonomic2
  • 2002. A taxonomic summary of Chytriomyces (Chytridiomycota) Mycotaxon 84: 447-487. (ua.edu)
  • The blastocladiomycota were previously considered a taxonomic clade within the chytridiomycota. (gaynorlegal.com)
Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (cdc.gov)
View source for Taxonomy Index - microbewiki
View source for Taxonomy Index - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
The experts behind the assessments
The experts behind the assessments (biodiversity.no)
Resenhas Ciencias | PDF | Evolução | Seleção natural
Resenhas Ciencias | PDF | Evolução | Seleção natural (pt.scribd.com)
Eccrinales | Semantic Scholar
Eccrinales | Semantic Scholar (semanticscholar.org)
How Fast Do Mushrooms Grow? | eHow
How Fast Do Mushrooms Grow? | eHow (ehow.com)
Biology | Free Full-Text | Growth Forms and Functional Guilds Distribution of Soil Fungi in Coastal Versus Inland Sites of...
Biology | Free Full-Text | Growth Forms and Functional Guilds Distribution of Soil Fungi in Coastal Versus Inland Sites of... (mdpi.com)
Parete Cellulare PNG trasparente e Parete Cellulare disegno - GC alto gram+ parete Cellulare Mycobacterium acido Micolico -...
Parete Cellulare PNG trasparente e Parete Cellulare disegno - GC alto gram+ parete Cellulare Mycobacterium acido Micolico -... (it.cleanpng.com)
Uncovering fungal community composition in natural habitat of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-throughput sequencing and...
Uncovering fungal community composition in natural habitat of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-throughput sequencing and... (bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com)
Micromycètes : les rouilles (systématique, biologie)
Micromycètes : les rouilles (systématique, biologie) (amfb.eu)
Find Research outputs - University of the Highlands and Islands
Find Research outputs - University of the Highlands and Islands (pure.uhi.ac.uk)
Schlauchpilze aus dem Lexikon - wissen.de
Schlauchpilze aus dem Lexikon - wissen.de (red.wissen.de)
Quelpos - Elbibliote.com
Quelpos - Elbibliote.com (elbibliote.com)
ᐅRecyklace jeans - Alle Top Modelle verglichen
ᐅRecyklace jeans - Alle Top Modelle verglichen (10fakten.de)
ᐅᐅ】Jesus paid it all • Top 7 Produkte unter der Lupe
ᐅᐅ】Jesus paid it all • Top 7 Produkte unter der Lupe (kassen-blog.de)
ᐅDer könig der löwen netflix • Die TOP Modelle im Vergleich!
ᐅDer könig der löwen netflix • Die TOP Modelle im Vergleich! (thekrewmen.de)
ᐅFrühlingsjacken für damen • Top 3 Modelle im Detail
ᐅFrühlingsjacken für damen • Top 3 Modelle im Detail (rankw.de)
ᐅᐅ】Joggingjeans - Die aktuell besten Produkte unter der Lupe!
ᐅᐅ】Joggingjeans - Die aktuell besten Produkte unter der Lupe! (bunker-316.de)
Amazon gutschein kassenbon verloren • Top 5 Modelle im Test
Amazon gutschein kassenbon verloren • Top 5 Modelle im Test (voodoophenia.de)
ᐅᐅThor ein hammermäßiges abenteuer - Top 7 Produkte unter der Lupe!
ᐅᐅThor ein hammermäßiges abenteuer - Top 7 Produkte unter der Lupe! (sehnsuchtnachebene2.de)
ᐅᐅ】Roborock s6 maxv maße • Top 5 Produkte im Test!
ᐅᐅ】Roborock s6 maxv maße • Top 5 Produkte im Test! (h-scootz.de)
Hydrogen as Fuel - [PDF Document]
Hydrogen as Fuel - [PDF Document] (fdocuments.in)
Publications - Centers for Oceans and Human Health and individual Oceans, Great Lakes, and Human Health research projects
Publications - Centers for Oceans and Human Health and individual Oceans, Great Lakes, and Human Health research projects (niehs.nih.gov)