The symptoms of chylous ascites can include abdominal distension, pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The condition is often diagnosed through a physical examination, imaging tests such as CT scans or ultrasound, and a sample of the ascitic fluid drawn from the peritoneal cavity.

Treatment options for chylous ascites depend on the underlying cause of the condition, but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or drainage of the ascitic fluid. In some cases, a procedure called paracentesis may be performed to remove excess fluid and relieve symptoms.

Prognosis for patients with chylous ascites is generally poor, as it is often a sign of an underlying malignancy or other serious condition. However, the outlook can vary depending on the specific cause of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment.

Treatment options for ascites include medications to reduce fluid buildup, dietary restrictions, and insertion of a catheter to drain the fluid. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Ascites is a serious condition that requires ongoing management and monitoring to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

There are several potential causes of chylothorax, including:

1. Injury or trauma to the chest wall or lymphatic vessels
2. Cancer, such as lung, breast, or lymphoma
3. Infection, such as tuberculosis or cat-scratch disease
4. Genetic conditions, such as Turner syndrome or Noonan syndrome
5. Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or sarcoidosis
6. Postoperative complications
7. Pancreatitis
8. Abdominal tumors
9. Thoracic injuries

Symptoms of chylothorax may include:

1. Shortness of breath
2. Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing
3. Coughing up cloudy, milky fluid (chyle)
4. Fever
5. Night sweats
6. Weight loss
7. Fatigue
8. Swelling in the legs or arms

Diagnosis of chylothorax is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and ultrasound. Treatment options for chylothorax depend on the underlying cause, but may include:

1. Draining the fluid from the pleural space through a procedure called thoracentesis
2. Medications to manage symptoms such as pain and fever
3. Surgery to repair any underlying damage or injuries
4. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat underlying cancer
5. Infection treatment if the chylothorax is caused by an infection
6. Conservative management with supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and respiratory therapy, if the condition is not severe.

The exact cause of lymphangiomyoma is not known, but it may be associated with genetic mutations or other factors that affect the development of the lymphatic system. The symptoms of lymphangiomyoma can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, but may include:

* A soft tissue mass that is movable under the skin
* Swelling or redness in the affected area
* Pain or discomfort in the affected area
* Difficulty swallowing or breathing (in rare cases)

Lymphangiomyoma is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment options for lymphangiomyoma can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, but may include:

* Observation and monitoring to see if the tumor grows or changes over time
* Surgery to remove the tumor and any affected tissue
* Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells and shrink the tumor
* Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells and shrink the tumor

The prognosis for lymphangiomyoma is generally good, as it is a benign tumor that does not spread to other parts of the body. However, in rare cases, the tumor may grow large enough to cause symptoms or complications, such as:

* Compression of nearby structures, such as nerves or blood vessels
* Infection of the tumor or surrounding tissues
* Rupture of the tumor, leading to bleeding or fluid accumulation in the affected area.

Overall, lymphangiomyoma is a rare and usually benign tumor that can occur in the lymphatic system. While it may cause symptoms or complications in some cases, the prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment.

Sources: Merck Manual, Gastrointestinal Disease, 2nd ed., pp. 1446-1447; Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 30th ed., pp. 850-851; American Journal of Roentgenology, vol. 167, no. 2, pp. 339-345.

Constrictive pericarditis is often caused by inflammation or infection of the pericardial sac, and can also be a complication of other conditions such as heart surgery, trauma, or cancer. Treatment typically involves management of symptoms and addressing any underlying causes, and may include medications, surgery, or cardiac catheterization.

Surgical treatment for constrictive pericarditis may involve removal of the inflamed pericardial sac or repair of any tears or holes in the sac. Cardiac catheterization may be used to drain excess fluid from the pericardial space and relieve pressure on the heart. In severe cases, a procedure called pericardiocentesis may be performed to remove the pericardial fluid and relieve pressure on the heart.

Prognosis for constrictive pericarditis is generally good if treated promptly and effectively, but can be poor if left untreated or if there are underlying conditions that are not addressed.

The exact cause of choledochal cysts is not well understood, but they are believed to result from developmental abnormalities during fetal life. In some cases, there may be associated genetic mutations or other congenital anomalies. The diagnosis of a choledochal cyst is typically made using imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and the cyst may be removed surgically if it causes symptoms or if it becomes infected.

There are several types of choledochal cysts, including:

1. Type I: This is the most common type, where the cyst is located near the liver and has a distinctive "dome-shaped" appearance.
2. Type II: This type is located near the pancreas and has a more irregular shape.
3. Type III: This type is located near the gallbladder and has a small opening into the bile duct.
4. Type IV: This type is located further down the bile duct and has no opening into the duct.

Choledochal cysts are relatively rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 250,000 to 1 in 500,000 live births. They can be associated with other congenital anomalies such as polycystic kidney disease, Turner syndrome, and Down syndrome. The surgical removal of a choledochal cyst is typically curative, but long-term follow-up is often necessary to monitor for potential complications such as bile duct stricture or cancer.

Example of how 'Abdomen, Acute' might be used in a medical setting:

"The patient presents with acute abdominal pain and fever, which suggests a possible infection or blockage in the abdominal cavity."