AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
Chylomicron RemnantsChylomicronsApolipoprotein B-48Lipoproteins, VLDLReceptors, LDLLipoproteinsVitamin ATriglyceridesLymphApolipoproteins ELiverLow Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1FetuinsApolipoproteinsCorn OilCholesterolEmulsionsLipaseApolipoproteins BCholesterol EstersGold ColloidLipoprotein LipaseReceptors, LipoproteinLactoferrinalpha-MacroglobulinsChyleFetuin-BHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVApolipoprotein C-IPostprandial PeriodApolipoprotein B-100Dietary FatsLipoproteins, LDLLDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated ProteinLipolysisRats, Inbred StrainsMetabolic Clearance RateIodine RadioisotopesCholesterol, DietaryAsialoglycoproteinsHyperlipoproteinemiasPlant OilsLipidsFish OilsKineticsLipid MetabolismEthinyl EstradiolTrioleinLipoproteins, HDLApolipoproteins CPhospholipidsBinding, CompetitiveRabbitsCarbon RadioisotopesReceptors, ImmunologicFastingHeparinTritiumHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesHyperlipidemiasCholesterol, VLDLDietary Fats, UnsaturatedReceptors, Cell SurfaceFatty Acids, Omega-3Apolipoprotein C-IIFatty AcidsPerfusionEndocytosisFatty Acids, UnsaturatedBiological TransportHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIFatty Acids, Omega-6alpha-FetoproteinsFoam CellsRats, Sprague-DawleyBileMacrophagesPoloxaleneButterIntestinal AbsorptionMicroscopy, ElectronBreath TestsCells, CulturedHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIIElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelHepatocytesRats, WistarArteriosclerosisCell LinePoloxamerHypercholesterolemiaTime FactorsHydroxycholesterolsBiological Transport, ActiveCarrier ProteinsMice, Inbred C57BLCholesterol, HDLAntibodiesHypertriglyceridemiaDogs
Chylomicron Remnants
Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by the LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. These remnants carry dietary lipids in the blood and are cholesterol-rich. Their interactions with MACROPHAGES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; and SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS in the artery wall can lead to ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
Chylomicrons
A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Apolipoprotein B-48
A 241-kDa protein synthesized only in the INTESTINES. It serves as a structural protein of CHYLOMICRONS. Its exclusive association with chylomicron particles provides an indicator of intestinally derived lipoproteins in circulation. Apo B-48 is a shortened form of apo B-100 and lacks the LDL-receptor region.
Lipoproteins, VLDL
A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.
Receptors, LDL
Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.
Lipoproteins
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
Vitamin A
Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Triglycerides
Lymph
The interstitial fluid that is in the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
Apolipoproteins E
A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1
A LDL-receptor related protein involved in clearance of chylomicron remnants and of activated ALPHA-MACROGLOBULINS from plasma.
Fetuins
A family of calcium-binding alpha-globulins that are synthesized in the LIVER and play an essential role in maintaining the solubility of CALCIUM in the BLOOD. In addition the fetuins contain aminoterminal cystatin domains and are classified as type 3 cystatins.
Apolipoproteins
Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.
Corn Oil
Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant.
Cholesterol
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Emulsions
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.
Apolipoproteins B
Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.
Cholesterol Esters
Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.
Gold Colloid
A suspension of metallic gold particles.
Lipoprotein Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.
Receptors, Lipoprotein
Cell surface proteins that bind lipoproteins with high affinity. Lipoprotein receptors in the liver and peripheral tissues mediate the regulation of plasma and cellular cholesterol metabolism and concentration. The receptors generally recognize the apolipoproteins of the lipoprotein complex, and binding is often a trigger for endocytosis.
Lactoferrin
An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.
alpha-Macroglobulins
Glycoproteins with a molecular weight of approximately 620,000 to 680,000. Precipitation by electrophoresis is in the alpha region. They include alpha 1-macroglobulins and alpha 2-macroglobulins. These proteins exhibit trypsin-, chymotrypsin-, thrombin-, and plasmin-binding activity and function as hormonal transporters.
Chyle
An opaque, milky-white fluid consisting mainly of emulsified fats that passes through the lacteals of the small intestines into the lymphatic system.
Fetuin-B
A fetuin subtype that is closely-related to ALPHA-2-HS-GLYCOPROTEIN. Although fetuin-B binds calcium, it is a minor component of SERUM and therefore it may not play a primary role in preventing serum calcium phosphate precipitation.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits.
Apolipoprotein C-I
A 6.6-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. Apo C-I displaces APO E from lipoproteins, modulate their binding to receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL), and thereby decrease their clearance from plasma. Elevated Apo C-I levels are associated with HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
Postprandial Period
The time frame after a meal or FOOD INTAKE.
Apolipoprotein B-100
A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles.
Dietary Fats
Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.
Lipoproteins, LDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.
LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein
A membrane protein found in the rough endoplasm reticulum (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH) that binds to LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEINS. It may function to prevent ligand binding of receptors during protein processing events within endosomal compartments.
Lipolysis
The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.
Iodine Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.
Cholesterol, Dietary
Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.
Asialoglycoproteins
Endogenous glycoproteins from which SIALIC ACID has been removed by the action of sialidases. They bind tightly to the ASIALOGLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTOR which is located on hepatocyte plasma membranes. After internalization by adsorptive ENDOCYTOSIS they are delivered to LYSOSOMES for degradation. Therefore receptor-mediated clearance of asialoglycoproteins is an important aspect of the turnover of plasma glycoproteins. They are elevated in serum of patients with HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS or HEPATITIS.
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.
Plant Oils
Oils derived from plants or plant products.
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Fish Oils
Oils high in unsaturated fats extracted from the bodies of fish or fish parts, especially the LIVER. Those from the liver are usually high in VITAMIN A. The oils are used as DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. They are also used in soaps and detergents and as protective coatings.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Lipid Metabolism
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.
Ethinyl Estradiol
A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.
Triolein
(Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.
Lipoproteins, HDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Apolipoproteins C
A group of apolipoproteins that can readily exchange among the various classes of lipoproteins (HDL; VLDL; CHYLOMICRONS). After lipolysis of TRIGLYCERIDES on VLDL and chylomicrons, Apo-C proteins are normally transferred to HDL. The subtypes can modulate remnant binding to receptors, LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE, or LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE.
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Binding, Competitive
The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Carbon Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.
Receptors, Immunologic
Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.
Fasting
Abstaining from all food.
Heparin
A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.
Tritium
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.
Cholesterol, VLDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High circulating levels of VLDL cholesterol are found in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IIB. The cholesterol on the VLDL is eventually delivered by LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS to the tissues after the catabolism of VLDL to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LDL.
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
Unsaturated fats or oils used in foods or as a food.
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness.
Apolipoprotein C-II
A 9-kDa protein component of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. It contains a cofactor for LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE and activates several triacylglycerol lipases. The association of Apo C-II with plasma CHYLOMICRONS; VLDL, and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS is reversible and changes rapidly as a function of triglyceride metabolism. Clinically, Apo C-II deficiency is similar to lipoprotein lipase deficiency (HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE I) and is therefore called hyperlipoproteinemia type IB.
Fatty Acids
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Perfusion
Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.
Endocytosis
Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).
Fatty Acids, Omega-6
FATTY ACIDS which have the first unsaturated bond in the sixth position from the omega carbon. A typical American diet tends to contain substantially more omega-6 than OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS.
alpha-Fetoproteins
The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during FETAL DEVELOPMENT and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life.
Foam Cells
Lipid-laden macrophages originating from monocytes or from smooth muscle cells.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Bile
An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Poloxalene
A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.
Butter
The fatty portion of milk, separated as a soft yellowish solid when milk or cream is churned. It is processed for cooking and table use. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Breath Tests
Any tests done on exhaled air.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL or broad-beta-lipoprotein). IDL has a CHOLESTEROL to TRIGLYCERIDES ratio greater than that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. This disorder is due to mutation of APOLIPOPROTEINS E, a receptor-binding component of VLDL and CHYLOMICRONS, resulting in their reduced clearance and high plasma levels of both cholesterol and triglycerides.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Hepatocytes
The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Poloxamer
A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Hydroxycholesterols
Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.
Biological Transport, Active
The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.
Antibodies
Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Apoproteins
The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).
Esters
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Oleic Acids
A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.

Plasma levels of remnant particles are determined in part by variation in the APOC3 gene insulin response element and the APOCI-APOE cluster. (1/40)

Remnant particles of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (RLP) are known to be a strong predictor of atherogenicity. The serum concentrations of remnant-like particle triglyceride (RLPTG) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLPC) have been determined in a representative sample of the Czech MONICA study (n = 285). The relationship was investigated between remnant particle triglyceride/cholesterol concentrations and polymorphisms in the genes APOC3 (-482C-->T/3238C-->G), APOE (epsilon2/epsilon3/epsilon4), APOCI (-317-321ins), APOB (signal peptide), hepatic lipase (LIPE, -480C-->T), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL, S447X). Univariate analysis showed significant effects on RLPTG associated only with the APOE genotype (P = 0.009), the APOC3 -482C-->T genotype (P = 0.018), and the APOCI -317-321ins (P = 0.014) genotype and significant effects on RLPC with APOE (P = 0.01) and APOCI -317-321ins (P = 0.021). The raising effect of the APOE genotype for both remnant cholesterol and triglyceride was confined to the epsilon2/4 (n = 6) and varepsilon4/4 (n = 3) groups, and thus when the epsilon2/4 group was omitted in order to analyze by allele (epsilon2+/epsilon3+/epsilon4+), significance was lost (P = 0.6). There was strong linkage disequilibrium between the APOE and APOCI alleles (chi(2), P < 0.001) and a multivariate ANOVA of RLPTG with all three significantly associated variants as factors demonstrated that while the APOC3 -482C-->T effect was independent of the others (P = 0.003), the APOCI -317-321ins and APOE effects were not. This was also true for the APOCI -317-321ins and APOE effects on RLPC. To assess whether APOE-CI effects on RLPC were independent of their effects on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, multiple linear regression was used. Using multiple linear regression, it appeared that the APOE-CI effects on RLPC were independent of their effects on plasma cholesterol, but the effects of APOC3 and APOE-CI on RLPTG could not be separated from their effects on plasma Tg levels. Further characterization of this remnant particle phenotype and its genetic determinants may lead to a better understanding of its metabolism and contribution to atherosclerosis.  (+info)

Transcriptional regulation of apolipoprotein C-III gene expression by the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha. (2/40)

Triglyceride-rich remnant lipoproteins are considered as major risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Because apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a major determinant of plasma triglyceride and remnant lipoprotein metabolism, it is important to understand how the expression of this gene is regulated. In the present study, we identified the orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha1 as a regulator of human and mouse apo C-III gene expression. Plasma triglyceride and apo C-III protein concentrations in staggerer (sg/sg) mice, homozygous for a deletion in the RORalpha gene, were significantly lower than in wild type littermates. The lowered plasma apo C-III levels were associated with reduced apo C-III mRNA levels in liver and intestine of sg/sg mice. Transient transfection experiments in human hepatoma HepG2, human colonic CaCO2, and rabbit kidney RK13 cells demonstrated that overexpression of the human RORalpha1 isoform specifically increases human apo C-III promoter activity, indicating that RORalpha1 enhances human apo C-III gene transcription. RORalpha1 response elements were mapped by promoter deletion analysis and gel shift experiments to two AGGTCA half-sites located at positions -83/-78 (within the C3P site) and -23/-18 (downstream of the TATA box) in the human apo C-III promoter, with the -23/-18 site exhibiting the highest binding affinity. Transfection of site-directed mutated constructs in HepG2 cells indicated that the RORalpha1 effect is predominantly mediated by the -23/-18 site. This site is conserved in the mouse apo C-III gene promoter. Moreover, RORalpha binds to the equivalent mouse site and activates constructs containing three copies of the mouse site cloned in front of an heterologous promoter. Taken together, our data identify RORalpha as a transcriptional regulator of apo C-III gene expression, providing a novel, physiological role for RORalpha1 in the regulation of genes controlling triglyceride metabolism.  (+info)

Chylomicron remnant metabolism in familial dyslipidemias studied with a remnant-like emulsion breath test. (3/40)

We have developed a stable isotope breath test for the assessment of chylomicron remnant metabolism and report the results from the breath test in human subjects selected for disorders of chylomicron or remnant metabolism. In type I hyperlipemia, the phenotype is extreme hypertriglyceridemia due to a lack of lipoprotein lipase activity, which causes the failure of remnant formation. The type III dyslipidemia phenotype is caused by the inefficient removal of chylomicron remnants from plasma, generally because of homozygosity for apolipoprotein E2 alleles. The breath test was predicted to be abnormal in type III hyperlipemia, whereas a priori in type I hyperlipemia defective remnant clearance was not anticipated. Subjects were injected with lipid emulsions prepared with a composition similar to normal chylomicron remnants. The emulsions contained cholesteryl ester incorporating the stable nonradioactive isotope (13)C in the fatty acid moiety. End exhalation breath was collected at intervals after intravenous injection of the remnant-like emulsions and analyzed for (13)C enrichment by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Compared with the group of normolipemic men, the fractional catabolic rate of remnants measured by the breath test was significantly decreased (P = 0.006) in subjects with type III dyslipidemia. In the group with type I hyperlipemia, the fractional catabolic rate was not different (P = 0.233) from the control group. Therefore, the underlying capacity for remnant catabolism was normal in this group of markedly hypertriglyceridemic subjects. By short-circuiting the step of lipolysis, the remnant-like emulsion breath test provides direct information about remnant clearance and metabolism, which should assist in investigations of postprandial lipid metabolism.  (+info)

LDL receptor-related protein mediates cell-surface clustering and hepatic sequestration of chylomicron remnants in LDLR-deficient mice. (4/40)

It has been proposed that in the liver, chylomicron remnants (lipoproteins carrying dietary lipid) may be sequestered before being internalized by hepatocytes. To study this, chylomicron remnants labeled with a fluorescent dye were perfused into isolated livers of LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-deficient) mice (Ldlr(-/-)) and examined by confocal microscopy. In contrast to livers from normal mice, there was clustering of the chylomicron remnants on the cell surface in the space of DISSE: These remnant clusters colocalized with clusters of LDLR-related protein (LRP) and could be eliminated by low concentrations of receptor-associated protein, an inhibitor of LRP. When competed with ligands of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), the remnant clusters still appeared but were fewer in number, although syndecans (membrane HSPGs) colocalized with the remnant clusters. This suggests that the clustering of remnants is not dependent on syndecans but that the syndecans may modify the binding of remnants. These results establish that sequestration is a novel process, the clustering of remnants in the space of DISSE: The clustering involves remnants binding to the LRP, and this may be stabilized by binding with syndecans, eventually followed by endocytosis.  (+info)

Lipid synthesis in macrophages derived from the human cell line THP-1: modulation of the effects of native and oxidized chylomicron-remnant-like particles by oestrogen. (5/40)

The effects of native and oxidized chylomicron remnants on the synthesis of cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol in macrophages, and the way that this is influenced by exposure of the cells to oestrogen, was investigated using the human monocyte cell line THP-1 and chylomicron-remnant-like particles containing human apolipoprotein E (CRLPs). Synthesis of the lipids was measured by the incorporation of [(3)H]oleate into cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol. CRLPs (5-40 microgram of cholesterol/ml) containing either trilinolein or triolein as the triacylglycerol component caused a dose-dependent decrease in cholesteryl ester formation, while triacylglycerol production was unchanged. After oxidation of the CRLPs, the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was increased by 6.3-fold and 2.2-fold in particles containing trilinolein and triolein respectively. Furthermore, CRLPs containing oxidized trilinolein lost their ability to down-regulate cholesterol esterification, while CRLPs containing oxidized triolein did not. Both types of oxidized CRLPs decreased triacylglycerol synthesis. Treatment of the macrophages with 17beta-oestradiol caused increases of approx. 94% and 34% in the synthesis of cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol respectively in the absence of CRLPs. The differences between control and oestrogen-treated cells were abolished, however, when CRLPs (40 microgram of cholesterol/ml) were added to the incubations. In addition, in contrast with their lack of effect in control cells, CRLPs containing oxidized trilinolein decreased cholesterol esterification in oestrogen-treated cells by approx. 48%. These findings with CRLPs suggest that chylomicron remnants have significant effects on cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol synthesis in macrophages, which may be modulated both by the oxidation state of the particles and by oestrogen.  (+info)

Preliminary experience with a new stable isotope breath test for chylomicron remnant metabolism: a study in central obesity. (6/40)

We aimed to investigate the metabolism of chylomicron remnants in the postabsorptive state employing a new stable isotope breath test in centrally obese men without overt hyperlipidaemia. Groups of 12 centrally obese and 12 non-obese men of similar age and with similar plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels were studied. The catabolism of chylomicron remnants was measured using an intravenous injection of a remnant-like emulsion containing cholesteryl [(13)C]oleate. Isotopic enrichment of (13)CO(2) in breath was determined using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and a multi-compartmental model (SAAM II program) was used to estimate the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the chylomicron remnant-like particles. The plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and insulin were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the obese than the control subjects. The obese subjects had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol (P<0.05) and, in particular, a decreased FCR of the remnant-like particles compared with lean subjects (0.061+/-0.014 and 0.201+/-0.048 pools/h respectively; P=0.016). In the obese group, the FCR of remnant-like particles was inversely associated with the waist/hip ratio, and with plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels. In multiple regression analysis, the waist/hip ratio was the best predictor of the FCR of the emulsion. In conclusion, this new test suggests that postabsorptive chylomicron remnant catabolism is impaired in centrally obese subjects without overt hyperlipidaemia. This defect may be due to the degree of adiposity.  (+info)

Food restriction normalizes chylomicron remnant metabolism in murine models of obesity as assessed by a novel stable isotope breath test. (7/40)

Evidence is increasing that defective metabolism of postprandial remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contributes to atherogenesis. In obesity, postprandial lipemia is increased by mechanisms that are not currently established. In the present study, a recently developed (13)CO(2) breath test was used to assess the metabolism of chylomicron remnants (CR) in obese mice. Six murine obese models ob/ob, fat/fat, New Zealand Obese (NZO), db/db, gold thioglucose (GTG)-treated and agouti (A(y)) were studied. All obese mice were hyperphagic and their breath test metabolism was markedly impaired (P < 0.01) compared with control, nonobese mice. The breath test was also impaired (P < 0.01) in all obese mice except A(y) mice after 24-h food deprivation. However, after restriction to the food intake of paired control mice for 6 wk, the breath test in all obese mice improved to values of control, nonobese mice. The obese NZO, fat/fat and ob/ob mice had significant (P < 0.02) weight loss when food restricted, whereas A(y), GTG, and db/db mice did not. In all obese mice, plasma cholesterol levels decreased (P < 0.02) after the 6-wk period of food restriction. Plasma triglyceride levels significantly decreased (P < 0.02) in NZO, GTG and db/db mice, but not in other obese mice. Plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.02) after the 6-wk period in the obese mice except for the A(y) and NZO mice; levels were greater in food-restricted db/db mice. Although some of the obese models such as db/db were diabetic, our data suggest that the defective breath test was independent of diabetes because all obese and diabetic models responded similarly to food restriction. Impaired hepatic catabolism of CR was excluded as a cause of the abnormal breath tests. In summary, the impairment (P < 0.05) in remnant metabolism as assessed by the breath test in obese mice was corrected by food restriction, associated with improvements in plasma glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels.  (+info)

Effect of atorvastatin on chylomicron remnant metabolism in visceral obesity: a study employing a new stable isotope breath test. (8/40)

Elevated plasma concentration of chylomicron remnants may be causally related to atherosclerosis in obesity. We examined the effect of atorvastatin on chylomicron remnant metabolism in 25 obese men with dyslipidaemia. A remnant-like emulsion labeled with cholesteryl [(13)C]oleate was injected intravenously into patients; the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the remnant-like emulsion was determined by measurement of (13)CO(2) in the breath and analyzed using compartmental modelling. Compared with placebo, atorvastatin significantly decreased the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lathosterol (P < 0.001). ApoB-48 and remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C) both decreased significantly by 23% (P = 0.002) and 33% (P = 0.045), respectively. The FCR of the remnant-like emulsion increased significantly from 0.054 +/- 0.008 to 0.090 +/- 0.010 pools/h (P = 0.002). The decrease in RLP-C was associated with the decrease in plasma triglycerides (r = 0.750, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the change in FCR of remnant-like emulsions was inversely associated with the change in LDL-C (r = -0.575, P = 0.040), suggesting removal of LDL and chylomicron remnants by similar hepatic receptor pathways. We conclude that in obese subjects, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with atorvastatin decreases the plasma concentrations of both LDL-C and triglyceride-rich remnants and that this may be partially due to an enhancement in hepatic clearance of these lipoproteins.  (+info)

Effect of statin therapy on remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with combined hyperlipidemia<...Effect of statin therapy on remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with combined hyperlipidemia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of statin therapy on remnant lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. AU - Stein, Daniel T.. AU - Devaraj, Sridevi. AU - Balis, David. AU - Adams-Huet, Beverley. AU - Jialal, Ishwarlal. PY - 2001/1/1. Y1 - 2001/1/1. N2 - Clinical trials with statins have demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular events. Remnant lipoproteins are independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Because of the paucity of data on the effect of statins on remnant lipoproteins, we tested the effect of pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin on remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) levels in a randomized crossover study in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. After a 6-week diet phase, patients (n=22) were randomized to pravastatin (40 mg/d), simvastatin (20 mg/d), or atorvastatin (10 mg/d) for 6 weeks, with a 3-week washout between each drug. All 3 drugs significantly decreased total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P,0.001). Mean ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-statin-therapy-on-remnant-lipoprotein-cholesterol-level-2
Oxidation affects the regulation of hepatic lipid synthesis by chylomicron remnants<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Oxidation affects the regulation of hepatic lipid synthesis by chylomicron remnants. AU - Napolitano, Mariarosaria. AU - Rivabene, Roberto. AU - Avella, Michael. AU - Amicone, Laura. AU - Tripodi, Marco. AU - Botham, Kathleen M.. AU - Bravo, Elena. PY - 2001/3/1. Y1 - 2001/3/1. N2 - The effects of native and oxidized chylomicron remnants on lipid synthesis in normal and oxidatively stressed liver cells were investigated using MET murine hepatocytes (MMH cells), a nontransformed mouse hepatocyte cell line that maintains a highly differentiated hepatic phenotype in culture. Lipid synthesis was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]oleate into cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid by the cells. The formation of cholesteryl ester and phospholipid was decreased by chylomicron remnants in a dose-dependent manner, while triacylglycerol synthesis was increased. Exposure of MMH cells to mild oxidative stress by incubation with CuSO4 (2.5 μM) for 24 h led to ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/oxidation-affects-the-regulation-of-hepatic-lipid-synthesis-by-ch
Items where Author is Avella, M A - RVC Research OnlineItems where Author is Avella, M A - RVC Research Online
Cabello-Moruno, R and Sinausia, L and Montero, E and Botham, K M and Avella, M A and Perona, J S (2015) Minor components of pomace olive oil enhance VLDL-receptor expression in macrophages when treated with postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. GRASAS Y ACEITES, 66 (4). Bentley, C and Hathaway, N and Widdows, J and Bejta, F and De Pascale, C and Avella, M A and Wheeler-Jones, C P D and Botham, K M and Lawson, C (2011) Influence of chylomicron remnants on human monocyte activation in vitro. NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, 21 (11). pp. 871-878. Lopez-Soldado, I and Avella, M A and Botham, K M (2009) Differential influence of different dietary fatty acids on very low-density lipoprotein secretion when delivered to hepatocytes in chylomicron remnants. Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental, 58 (2). pp. 186-195. Lopez-Soldado, I and Avella, M A and Botham, K M (2009) Suppression of VLDL secretion by cultured hepatocytes incubated with chylomicron remnants enriched in n-3 ...
http://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/view/creators/Avella=3AM_A=3A=3A.html
Browse by RVC Staff - RVC Research OnlineBrowse by RVC Staff - RVC Research Online
Bentley, C and Hathaway, N and Widdows, J and Bejta, F and De Pascale, C and Avella, M A and Wheeler-Jones, C P D and Botham, K M and Lawson, C (2011) Influence of chylomicron remnants on human monocyte activation in vitro. NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, 21 (11). pp. 871-878. Bentley, C and Bejta, F and De Pascale, C and Avella, M A and Wheeler-Jones, C P D and Botham, K M and Lawson, C (2007) Dietary fats induce human monocyte activation in vitro. In: UNSPECIFIED. ...
https://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/view/staff/236.default.html
The correlation between TG vs remnant lipoproteins in the fasting and postprandial plasma of 23 volunteers<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The correlation between TG vs remnant lipoproteins in the fasting and postprandial plasma of 23 volunteers. AU - Nakajima, Katsuyuki. AU - Nakano, Takamitsu. AU - Moon, Hyun Duk. AU - Nagamine, Takeaki. AU - Stanhope, Kimber. AU - Havel, Peter J. AU - Warnick, G. Russell. PY - 2009/6/27. Y1 - 2009/6/27. N2 - Background: Two recent publications report that non-fasting triglycerides concentrations in plasma are more predictive of cardiovascular events than conventional measurements of fasting triglycerides. While these observations are consistent with the previous studies, direct correlations between remnant lipoprotein triglyceride (RLP-TG) and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), which are also considered to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and fasting and postprandial TG have not been investigated. Methods: On four different days, both fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected from twenty-three overweight to obese men and women at UC Davis and analyzed ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-correlation-between-tg-vs-remnant-lipoproteins-in-the-fasting
Macrophage phenotypic subtypes diametrically regulate epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells | BMC Cancer |...Macrophage phenotypic subtypes diametrically regulate epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast cancer cells | BMC Cancer |...
Metastatic progression of breast cancer involves phenotypic plasticity of the carcinoma cells moving between epithelial and mesenchymal behaviors. During metastatic seeding and dormancy, even highly aggressive carcinoma cells take on an E-cadherin-positive epithelial phenotype that is absent from the emergent, lethal metastatic outgrowths. These phenotypes are linked to the metastatic microenvironment, though the specific cells and induction signals are still to be deciphered. Recent evidence suggests that macrophages impact tumor progression, and may alter the balance between cancer cell EMT and MErT in the metastatic microenvironment. Here we explore the role of M1/M2 macrophages in epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of breast cancer cells by coculturing epithelial and mesenchymal cells lines with macrophages. We found that after polarizing the THP-1 human monocyte cell line, the M1 and M2-types were stable and maintained when co-cultured with breast cancer cells. Surprisingly, M2 macrophages may
https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2411-1/email/correspondent/c1/new
RX Pharmacy: Generic synthroid compared to synthroid generic pills!RX Pharmacy: Generic synthroid compared to synthroid generic pills!
However, it takes synthroid generic synthroid compared to about 3 years), 1-1% are in which libido is diverted into a running mass closure. For instance, patients with peptic ulcer: I acid neutralising capacity, a fact or phenomenon that occurs as a cousin of the uterus. Hyperthyroidism 445 example a 55-year-old orchestral musician presents with the elbow in extension. Disruption of the gut. C: The epithelium is reapproximated, the caliber of greater than 1,000 bodily functions, including planning, checking, or monitoring, as when a girl in whom the victim is an important though confused passage (because it seems impractical to perform delayed closure or npwt over secondary-intention closure with laparoscopic surgery, air entering the body, itself subdivided into non-erosive gerd and erosive gerd. When the renal remnant on the number of chunks that can be added which is minimally absorbed on oral administration. As part examination found similar gures: 30% there is evidence of heart failure and ...
https://cadasb.org/pharmacy/generic-synthroid-compared-to-synthroid/13/
Lake in the Hills picks new stable operatorLake in the Hills picks new stable operator
The Lake in the Hills Village Board last week approved a new operator for the villages horse stable, formerly leased and run by Dynasty Farm, at 1109 Pyott Road. Josiah and Samantha Kitchel of Rockford will take over the property as of Dec. 19. The couple will be responsible for sprucing up the stable starting this year, Village Administrator Gerald Sagona said.
http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20131118/news/711189792/
Trapped photons | Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of MatterTrapped photons | Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter
The teams findings pave the way for the exploration of novel mixed light-matter phases, dubbed ‚photo-groundstates. These are phases where the materials atoms and electrons have reached a new, stable state after strongly mixing with confined light. Materials phases, such as magnetic, superconductive or ferroelectricity phases, among others, are determined by the collective behavior of the materials atoms and electrons. When such microscopic components are forced to interact strongly with light, their collective behavior can change altogether and the material can reach a new stable phase. In this sense light can now be thought of as an extra tool to engineer materials phases and tailor their properties to specific technological applications, such as information processing, sensing or light-harvesting.. The MPSD team predicts a novel photo-groundstate for the SrTiO3 crystal once it is placed inside an optical cavity (see illustration), where the two metal plates of the cavity squeeze the ...
https://www.mpsd.mpg.de/561856/2021-07-latini-light
Rules & Regulations for Use
SPARKLERS MUST BE EXTINGUISHED IN BUCKETS OR WATER OR SAND (PROVIDED BY THE RENTER) AND MUST BE THROWN AWAY. IF SPARKLER REMNANTS ARE FOUND ON THE LAWN AFTER CHECK OUT YOUR DAMAGE DEPOSIT WILL BE LOST. ...
http://www.juniorleaguesorosisbuilding.com/more-info/rules-regulations-for-use/
Whitney Houston: Heres My Baby Bobbi Brown! | Bobbi Kristina Brown, Celebrity Babies, Whitney Houston : Just JaredWhitney Houston: Heres My Baby Bobbi Brown! | Bobbi Kristina Brown, Celebrity Babies, Whitney Houston : Just Jared
Whitney Houston: Heres My Baby Bobbi Brown! Whitney Houston is all smiles as she holds hands with her 16-year-old daughter Bobbi Kristina Brown and catches a departing flight out of LAX airport in Los Angeles…
http://www.justjared.com/2009/07/04/bobbi-brown-whitney-houston-daughter/
OPUS at UTS: Cellular uptake and reactive oxygen species modulation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human monocyte cell line...OPUS at UTS: Cellular uptake and reactive oxygen species modulation of cerium oxide nanoparticles in human monocyte cell line...
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) are promising materials for intracellular oxygen free radical scavenging providing a potential therapy for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammatory processes. In this study rhombohedral-shaped nanoceria were synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis with tuneable particle diameters between 3 and 94 nm by changing the liquid precursor flow rate. Monocytes and macrophages are major players in inflammatory processes as their production of ROS species has important downstream effects on cell signalling. Therefore, this study examined the ability of the nanoceria to be internalised by the human monocytic cell line, U937, and scavenge intracellular ROS. U937 cells activated in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were found to be more responsive to the nanoceria than U937 cells, which may not be surprising given the role of monocyte/macrophages in phagocytosing foreign material. The smaller particles were found to contain more crystal ...
https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/36317
Small liver fenestrae may explain the susceptibility of rabbits to atherosclerosis. | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and...Small liver fenestrae may explain the susceptibility of rabbits to atherosclerosis. | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and...
Rabbits fed cholesterol rapidly develop high serum cholesterol levels which lead to the development of atherosclerosis. This is related to the retention of cholesterol-rich chylomicron remnants in the circulation. In most animals, such as rats, chylomicron remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by the liver. The first barrier to this removal is the fenestrated endothelium of liver sinusoids. Measurements made of a large number of sinusoidal fenestrae by scanning electron microscopy have shown the average diameters to be 89 nm in rats and 49 nm in rabbits. We postulate that the small size of endothelial fenestrae in the liver sinusoids of rabbits hinders the egress of chylomicron remnants from the sinusoidal blood, explaining the subsequent development of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/3/4/344
Dietary fat and physiological determinants of plasma chylomicron remnant homoeostasis in normolipidaemic subjects: insight into...Dietary fat and physiological determinants of plasma chylomicron remnant homoeostasis in normolipidaemic subjects: insight into...
TAG depleted remnants of postprandial chylomicrons are a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that in the fasted state, the majority of chylomicrons are small enough for transcytosis to arterial subendothelial space and accelerate atherogenesis. However, the size distribution of chylomicrons in the absorptive state is unclear. This study explored in normolipidaemic subjects the postprandial distribution of the chylomicron marker, apoB-48, in a TAG-rich lipoprotein plasma fraction (Svedberg flotation rate (Sf,400), in partially hydrolysed remnants (Sf 20-400) and in a TAG-deplete fraction (Sf,20), following ingestion of isoenergetic meals with either palm oil (PO), rice bran or coconut oil. Results from this study show that the majority of fasting chylomicrons are within the potentially pro-atherogenic Sf,20 fraction (70-75 %). Following the ingestion of test meals, chylomicronaemia was also principally distributed within the Sf,20 fraction. However, approximately 40 ...
https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/49885
Effects of Gelsolin on Macrophage Inflammatory Responses to Orthopaedic Implant Wear Debris - Journal of Long-Term Effects of...Effects of Gelsolin on Macrophage Inflammatory Responses to Orthopaedic Implant Wear Debris - Journal of Long-Term Effects of...
The local effects of implant wear debris on surrounding tissue has been a major focus of many investigators. Although there have been improvements in implants, significant numbers of revision surgeries are performed to address these issues. Gelsolin (GSN) is a protein in the cytoplasm and circulating serum involved in actin breakdown as well as anti-inflammatory processes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GSN in the presence of wear debris in vitro decreases the inflammatory response of a human monocyte cell line. We utilized titanium-, polyethylene-, and cobalt-characterized wear particles in a 1:100 and a 1:500 cell-to-particle ratios in the presence of a low (0.2 µM) and normal (2.0 µM) concentrations of GSN and compared the inflammatory response to cells without GSN exposure. The results show that IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and PGE2 all increased with higher concentrations of GSN. Although the anti-inflammatory properties of GSN were not seen in this in vitro experiment, it has ...
http://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/1bef42082d7a0fdf,76913a2b44f29f87,33cc8f0e31b10ef1.html
DIARRHEA - CD - Anal Torture Grind
Genre: Goregrind / grindcore DIARRHEA formed by Sawada who early member of VOMIT REMNANTS (on demo) / former member of RITUAL CARNAGE and Nomoto who former member of
https://rottenrollrex.com/en/diarrhea-cd-anal-torture-grind?x506a3=8707d1e698de147bf6c419afd1e62146
Three new paintings - susanlhamoThree new paintings - susanlhamo
Ive been creating some new works from my mountain hideout...today Im posting 3 small ones. Two paintings have been heavily influenced by my relocation, and the weather conditions experienced with mountain living....when its wet, its wet! Loving being in an abode with more nature close by though...we have some rainforest remnant on the property. The…
https://susanlhamo.com/2017/10/31/three-new-paintings/?shared=email&msg=fail
DayZ patch paves the way for more player and zombie numbers, adds new gestures | PC GamerDayZ patch paves the way for more player and zombie numbers, adds new gestures | PC Gamer
DayZ has received a new stable patch, although, in the world of early access survival games, the term stable is somewhat relative. The update brings some minor features and bug fixes, but the most important change is the continued improvement of server performance. Thanks to a significant change to the server variable processing, the games servers should have received a major performance
http://www.pcgamer.com/dayz-patch-paves-the-way-for-more-player-and-zombie-numbers-adds-new-gestures/
Advanced javascript options (new prefs ui only) • mozillaZine Forums
The reason I ask is that if there is not, I would like to go ahead and have it in my repertoire of extensions - I have several that I rarely use or use only once in a blue moon, but it is nice to know that they are there waiting for me to use as needed, and when a new stable build is released to the Public that uses the new preferences window I want this pre-loaded ...
http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=225697&sid=8cc306c44274ea901ee9cbf417d3cdcf&start=45
The Remnants of Theia May Still Exist Deep Inside the Earth | wfoojjaecThe Remnants of Theia May Still Exist Deep Inside the Earth | wfoojjaec
The remnants of Theia, the planetesimal that created the Moon, may still exist hundreds of miles beneath the surface of the Earth.
https://wfoojjaec.eu.org/en/projects/news/2021-03-29-the-remnants-of-theia-may-still-exist-deep-inside-the-earth.html
A 10-Point Plan for Resources (Without Being Overwhelmed) | KPDL
The Greatest Medication For Acne Many teens experience a bad a psychological impact that results from acne. Acne may lead to depression, anxiety, and even
http://kotikpaydayloans.com/a-10-point-plan-for-resources-without-being-overwhelmed-2.html
Role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway in the metabolism of chylomicron remnants. A quantitative study in...Role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway in the metabolism of chylomicron remnants. A quantitative study in...
Role of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway in the metabolism of chylomicron remnants. A quantitative study in knockout mice lacking the LDL receptor, apolipoprotein E, or both. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 13; 271(37):22422-7 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/745334
Chylomicron - definition of chylomicron by The Free DictionaryChylomicron - definition of chylomicron by The Free Dictionary
Define chylomicron. chylomicron synonyms, chylomicron pronunciation, chylomicron translation, English dictionary definition of chylomicron. n. A lipoprotein formed in the small intestine that transports dietary fats and cholesterol through the lymphatic system to the bloodstream. Chylomicrons...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/chylomicron
Higher chylomicron remnants and LDL particle numbers associate with CD36 SNPs and DNA methylation sites that reduce CD36. -...Higher chylomicron remnants and LDL particle numbers associate with CD36 SNPs and DNA methylation sites that reduce CD36. -...
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) variants influence fasting lipids and risk of metabolic syndrome, but their impact on postprandial lipids, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is unclear. We determined the effects of SNPs within a ∼410 kb region encompassing CD36 and its proximal and distal promoters on chylomicron (CM) remnants and LDL particles at fasting and at 3.5 and 6 h following a high-fat meal (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study, n = 1,117). Five promoter variants associated with CMs, four with delayed TG clearance and five with LDL particle number. To assess mechanisms underlying the associations, we queried expression quantitative trait loci, DNA methylation, and ChIP-seq datasets for adipose and heart tissues that function in postprandial lipid clearance. Several SNPs that associated with higher serum lipids correlated with lower adipose and heart CD36 mRNA and aligned to active motifs for PPARγ, a major CD36 regulator. The SNPs also associated
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/655083
Heparin induces an accumulation of atherogenic lipoproteins during hemodialysis in normolipidemic end-stage renal disease...
Dyslipidemias may account for the excess of cardiovascular mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Lipoprotein studies in ESRD patients are usually relative to prehemodialysis samples even if significative changes may occur after dialysis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ESRD on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) subpopulations distribution and acute change following hemodialytic procedures, including the relative contribution of heparin administration. We selected a group of normolipidemic male middle-aged ESRD patients free of any concomitant disease affecting lipoprotein remnant metabolism compared with controls. We separated TRL subfractions according to density and apoE content and evaluated the changes of these particles after hemodialytic procedures with or without heparin. ESRD subjects had higher TRL subfractions, with the exception of apoE-rich particles, lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) largest subclasses, and a smaller low-density lipoprotein peak ...
https://iris.unipa.it/handle/10447/103265
The Guitar Refinishing and Restoration Forum :: View topic - Naptha for painted seams, Acetone lifted grime and lacquer
However, Im nervous about cleaning off the fiinish remnants on the back and sides with acetone. Those Back and sides still have the original stain, even though most of the finish is gone AND I DONt want to mess up that Mahogany stain! Can I do it with Acetone (Naptha didnt phase the finish remnants), so its either adept acetone usage or very patient sanding work. Has anyone done this on a Martin while leaving the original stain unaffected ...
http://reranch.com/reranch/viewtopic.php?t=59333&highlight=
QualityCounts.com Newsletter of 9/1/10
Health Focus (Niacin):. Note: I see a lot of orders for no-flush niacin. I assume the reason people are buying this is to raise HDL cholesterol. I couldnt find any research that no-flush niacin works to increase HDL. Its probably a waste of money for the no-flush. Just do a Medline search of hexanicotinate HDL, hexaniacinate HDL or no-flush niacin. Here are the the only studies I could find:. Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment - Atherosclerosis. 2006 Jul;187(1):116-22 - evaluation of no-flush niacin treatment ... Twenty-two low HDL subjects with reduced FMD were randomized into two groups, one given 1.5 g/day niacin and a placebo group. After 3-month treatment, plasma lipids and chylomicron kinetics were not changed by niacin treatment. Varying cost and free nicotinic acid content in over-the-counter niacin preparations for dyslipidemia - Ann Intern Med. 2003 Dec ...
http://www.qualitycounts.com/newsletter10/100901.shtml
Undergraduate Programs - Institute for Molecular Bioscience - University of QueenslandUndergraduate Programs - Institute for Molecular Bioscience - University of Queensland
Background: MAIT cells (mucosal associated invariant T cells) are a major population of T cells in humans of emerging importance. In 2014, we discovered that the bacterial natural product 5-OP-RU activates MAIT cells with exquisite potency. We have since synthesised 5-OP-RU, which has become an essential research tool for studying MAIT cells worldwide (20+ labs). MAIT cell activation has now been implicated in roles in vaccination, cancer immunotherapy, but also in inflammatory diseases.. Gaps: 5-OP-RU is chemically too unstable for future medicines (half-life 88 mins). Also, there are no potent compounds that inhibit MAIT cell activation.. Approach: We have identified components of 5-OP-RU that could be modified to confer chemical stability without affecting biological function, leading to the design of a new stable 5-OP-RU mimic. We have also designed new molecules that could block MAIT cell activation. These molecules need to be synthesised in order to determine their immunological ...
https://imb.uq.edu.au/study/undergraduate-programs?qt-field_uq_structured_content=2
Schumaker, V. N.Schumaker, V. N.
Phillips, M. L., Pullinger, C., Kroes, I., Kroes, J., Hardman, D. A., Chen, G., Curtiss, L. K., Gutierrez, M. M., Kane, J. P., Schumaker, V. N. A single copy of apolipoprotein b-48 is present on the human chylomicron remnant Journal of Lipid Research 1997 38:1170-1177 PMID:9215545 ...
https://vivo.scripps.edu/display/endnote392461
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy and cancer detectionStimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy and cancer detection
The ability to distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells during surgery is essential for preventing the removal of healthy tissue and ensuring no tumor remnants are left behind.
https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20151124/Stimulated-Raman-Scattering-
脂質的代謝脂質的代謝
本部分主要介紹 脂質在身上的利用(chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL) 膽固醇的合成 脂質如何進入粒線體中 beta-oxidation和特殊狀況討論 ketone body的使用以及脂質的合成
https://thetinynotes.com/topic/148/%E8%84%82%E8%B3%AA%E7%9A%84%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D
chylomicron : A Dictionary of Biology - oi
We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.Find out more ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198714378.013.0864?rskey=GmvJim&result=3
Stable isotope switching (SIS): a new stable isotope probing (SIP) approach to determine carbon flow in the soil food web and...Stable isotope switching (SIS): a new stable isotope probing (SIP) approach to determine carbon flow in the soil food web and...
RATIONALE: Recent advances in stable isotope probing (SIP) have allowed direct linkage of microbial population structure and function. This paper details a new development of SIP, Stable Isotope Switching (SIS), which allows the simultaneous assessment of carbon (C) uptake, turnover and decay, and the elucidation of soil food webs within complex soils or sedimentary matrices. METHODS: SIS utilises a stable isotope labelling approach whereby the 13C-labelled substrate is switched part way through the incubation to a natural abundance substrate. A 13CH4 SIS study of landfill cover soils from Odcombe (Somerset, UK) was conducted. Carbon assimilation and dissimilation processes were monitored through bulk elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry and compound-specific gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, targeting a wide range of biomolecular components including: lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. RESULTS: Carbon assimilation by primary consumers (methanotrophs) ...
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/16485/
Conversion of the U937 Monocyte into Macrophage-Like Populations Exh by Bradley M. SharpConversion of the U937 Monocyte into Macrophage-Like Populations Exh by Bradley M. Sharp
The U937 cell line is an oncogenic human monocyte cell line. These monocytes have the potential of differentiating into either macrophages or dendritic cells (Lawrence et al., 2011). This differentiation pattern depends on the characteristics of the tissue microenvironment (Kigerl et al., 2009). PMA (Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate) is a phorbol ester capable of transforming monocytic cells toward the macrophage pathway. Upon treatment with PMA, U937 cells under-go a series of morphological and functional changes. Traditionally monocytic cell lines are used as a model of macrophage function, because current human macrophage cell lines require a T-cell conditioned growth medium and contact with irradiated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) to propagate (Lee et al., 1997). The PMA-treated monocyte is referred to as macrophage-like, meaning that the properties of the transformed cell line are not yet fully understood (Dockrell et al., 2010). These macrophages are clinically significant for possible
https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/782/
Effects of the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin on Monocyte-Secreted Chemokines | BMC Immunology | Full TextEffects of the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin on Monocyte-Secreted Chemokines | BMC Immunology | Full Text
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, such as sirolimus and its derivative, everolimus, are potent immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drugs. Inflammatory diseases are characterized by immunological dysfunction, and monocyte recruitment underlies the mechanism of cell damage. Chemokines attract inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation. Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8); the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2); the regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, presumably secreted protein (RANTES/CCL5); the macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (CCL3); and MIP-1β (CCL4) are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. However, whether mTOR inhibitors moderate the production of chemokines in monocytes remains unclear. A human monocyte cell line, THP-1, and primary monocytes obtained from human volunteers, were stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated with sirolimus. The expression of the MCP-1, RANTES, IL-8, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and TNF-α proteins was
https://bmcimmunol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12865-014-0037-0/figures/1
New stable fuel cell could be the breakthrough that makes energy storage economically feasible - NaturalNews.comNew stable fuel cell could be the breakthrough that makes energy storage economically feasible - NaturalNews.com
Natural News) There are many researchers from all around the world that are constantly working on their own fuel cell designs in an effort to try and make something that truly works, in the sense of delivering certain levels of power while maintaining stability and showing overall efficiency. Now a group of researchers from the McCormick School of Engineering in Northwestern University have come up with a new type of fuel cell that is said to offer both exceptional power densities as well as long-term stability at optimal temperatures.. According to the researchers, their creation effectively heightens the viability of incorporating fuel cells into a sustainable energy future. In other words, it has enormous potential to introduce far-reaching changes to the renewable energy industry if it can be implemented properly. Sossina Haile, a professor of Materials Science and Engineering as well as Applied Physics, said that their work could go a long way towards shaping the future of fuel cell ...
https://naturalnews.com/2018-02-28-new-stable-fuel-cell-breakthrough-energy-storage-economically-feasible.html
The final solution to NVIDIAs GeForce 9650M GT drivers problems - PCRs notepadThe final solution to NVIDIAs GeForce 9650M GT drivers problems - PCRs notepad
This post in a nutshell: update your BIOS. This should work not only on the Asus M50Vn, but also reportedly on many other versions, like M70Vn, N80Vn, X72VN, any M50…). During the last month, I tried really hard to find a way to upgrade the GeForce 9650M GT drivers on my Asus M50Vn laptop. At first I tried every possible version, both under Windows and Linux, which at least gave me the occasion to post an updated version of my old Fedora Core 3 nVidia drivers installation guide. Then I gave up for a few weeks, until yet a new stable drivers version got released (version 195.62 on December 4). I tried those ones again… only to be a victim of yet the same bugs. This was too much, I had to at least notify the customer service about the apparently broken drivers.. So there I went, to nvidia.custhelp.com. Created an account, submitted a wtf you could at least test your drivers on the supposedly supported 9650M GT claim, and went back to my slow but (almost) stable 180.70 drivers. To my surprise ...
https://notepad.patheticcockroach.com/497/the-final-solution-to-nvidias-geforce-9650m-gt-drivers-problems/
Project : USDA ARSProject : USDA ARS
1. Test the virulence in swine of FHA mutant FMDV. In vivo studies will be conducted in swine to test the virulence of an available mutant FMDV strain containing mutations in a conserved domain (FHA) of the virus leader coding region. 2. Construction and in vitro characterization of FMDV strains with mutations in the CTE domain and/or the SAP and/or FHA domains. Several mutant FMDV strains will be constructed by using the infectious clone and targeting conserved residues contained in the CTE region of the leader coding region with the goal of obtaining new stable attenuated phenotypes that have a low probability of reversion to virulent wild type phenotype. 3. Test the virulence in swine of FMDV strains containing multiple mutations in the leader coding region (SAP and/or FHA and/or CTE mutations). In vivo studies will be conducted in swine with newly constructed FMDV containing multiple attenuating mutations in the leader coding region. 4. Test the efficacy of vaccination with attenuated FMDV ...
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project/?accnNo=422928&showpars=true&fy=2012
Chylomicron marker metabolism in health and disease. - Surrey Research Insight Open AccessChylomicron marker metabolism in health and disease. - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
In this thesis, chylomicron (CM) and CM-remnant (CM-R) metabolism in humans was studied by the application of unique markers which label these lipoprotein particles from the stage of production by the enterocyte until, removal by hepatic receptor mediated processes. Retinyl palmitate (RP) is a vitamin A ester, which labels the CM/CM-R by behaving like the cholesterol ester (CE) which is carried in the core of these particles. Development of a mono-specific antibody to apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 and application of an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) enabled quantification of this apolipoprotein which is specifically located on the surface of CM/CM-R. The postprandial lipaemic response for all parameters were determined by the area under the time response curve (AUC). Plasma was separated by flotation ultracentrifugation, overlayered with saline (d=1.006 g/ml), to separate the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and infranatant fractions. To examine the effects of habitual low intensity ...
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844052/
LDL triglycerides predict CVD eventsLDL triglycerides predict CVD events
Triglycerides in LDL predicted CVD events and were associated with a genetic variant, according to new findings.The researchers assessed whether triglycerides in LDL (LDL-TG) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) were associated with incident CVD and genetic variants in 9,334 participants (5,527 women) from the ARIC study without CVD at baseline.
https://www.healio.com/cardiology/chd-prevention/news/online/%7B65b13c15-3fea-4c1d-bf02-8460a752f840%7D/ldl-triglycerides-predict-cvd-events
Beckman Airfuge CLS UltracentrifugeBeckman Airfuge CLS Ultracentrifuge
The Beckman Airfuge CLS Ultracentrifuge is engineered to provide fast and simple chylomicron removal without serum loss. The system employs the advanced Beckman Coulter Chylomicron rotor and liner which eliminate the
https://gmi-inc.com/beckman-airfuge-cls-ultracentrifuge.html
Summary of Chapter 7: Remnant of a Tradition: The Arab-Jewish Diaspora
From Time Immemorial - The Joan Peters Project - Summary of Chapter 7: Remnant of a Tradition: The Arab-Jewish Diaspora - By Paulette Volgyesi
https://www.israelslegalrights.org/from-time-immemorial-chapter-7
Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas - Institutt for klinisk odontologi
Villa, Oscar; Lyngstadaas, Ståle Petter; Monjo, Marta; Rønold, Hans Jacob; Petzold, Christiane & Wohlfahrt, Johan Caspar (2013). The influence of suture remnants on peri-implant bone healing - A pilot animal experimental study. Vis sammendrag Background: Suture remnants may potentially induce an inflammation and influence peri-implant osseous healing. It might thus be preferable to use a resorbable suture material in order to avoid soft and hard tissue complications. Aim: To evaluate the influence of remnants of suture filaments on osseointegration in a rabbit tibial model. Material and methods: In this pilot animal experimental study calibrated defects were prepared in the tibia of 5 chinchilla rabbits. Four sites were prepared in each animal and randomized to one of the three groups. Test filaments of nylon and chitosan were placed at the prepared implant sites before implant placement. A sham site was used as control. A coin-shaped machined titanium implant covered with a teflon cap and a ...
http://www.odont.uio.no/iko/personer/vit/spl/
US Patent Application for NEW STABLE SALT OF 5,10-METHYLENE-(6R)-TETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID Patent Application (Application ...US Patent Application for NEW STABLE SALT OF 5,10-METHYLENE-(6R)-TETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID Patent Application (Application ...
The present invention is directed towards the hemisulfate salt of 5,10-methylene-(6R)-tetrahydrofolic acid, preferably in substantially crystalline form, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and uses thereof in therapy, preferably chemotherapy.
https://patents.justia.com/patent/20190106431
Elevated Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol Concentration | CirculationElevated Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol Concentration | Circulation
It is established that elevated plasma RLP-C levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction, a marker for atherosclerotic disease.95 Patients with established coronary heart disease present elevated plasma levels of RLP-C.96,97 The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery was positively related to baseline plasma RLP-C concentrations in a secondary intervention study in patients aged 50 years and older after their first cardiovascular event.95 This association was independent of plasma TG and LDL cholesterol levels. In the Lopid Coronary Angiography Trial (LOCAT),95 the mean on-treatment plasma RLP-C concentration was significantly associated with the reduction of minimum luminal diameter (P,0.004). However, this association was not independent of plasma TG levels. In addition, a significant association was found between plasma RLP-C concentration and the occurrence of new lesions in vein grafts. In patients with vasospastic angina with or without myocardial infarction, plasma RLP-C ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/109/16/1918
Apolipoprotein E-binding proteins isolated from dog and human liver. | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular BiologyApolipoprotein E-binding proteins isolated from dog and human liver. | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Chylomicron remnant catabolism appears to be mediated by apolipoprotein (apo) E binding to hepatic lipoprotein receptors. Previously, the apo B,E(LDL) receptor and a unique apo E-binding protein (referred to as the apo E receptor) were isolated from solubilized canine and human livers. In the present study, the apo E-binding fraction was further characterized and found to contain at least three proteins, all of which bind apo E-containing lipoproteins with high affinity. The 56-kDa band was found to contain the alpha- and beta-subunits of F1-ATPase, presumably derived from mitochondrial membranes. In addition, an apo E-binding protein with an apparent Mr approximately equal to 59,000 was identified. The 59-kDa protein displays calcium-independent binding on ligand blots, but displays both calcium-dependent and -independent binding in assays performed with detergent-solubilized protein. The 59-kDa protein recognized lipid-free as well as lipid-bound apo E in ligand blots, and also bound apo E-2, ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/8/3/288
Remnant lipoproteins induce proatherothrombogenic molecules in endothelial cells through a redox-sensitive mechanism. -...Remnant lipoproteins induce proatherothrombogenic molecules in endothelial cells through a redox-sensitive mechanism. -...
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGLs) are atherogenic. However, their cellular mechanisms remain largely unexplained. This study examined the effects of isolated remnant-like lipoprotein particles (RL...
https://db.cngb.org/search/literature/10931808/
Penile Implants Grafts or Remnants Reconstructive Micro Surgery Rio de Janeiro.Penile Implants Grafts or Remnants Reconstructive Micro Surgery Rio de Janeiro.
The use of penile implants, grafts or remnants are used in situations of lost or partially lost members. The penile implant surgery will be performed together with an urologist,
http://andrehazan.com/en/esp_penile_implants_grafts_or_remnants.php
Tropical Depression ALEXTropical Depression ALEX
ZCZC MIATCPAT1 ALL TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM BULLETIN TROPICAL DEPRESSION ALEX ADVISORY NUMBER 26 NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL012010 1000 PM CDT THU JUL 01 2010 ...ALEX DISSIPATES OVER THE MOUNTAINS OF CENTRAL MEXICO... SUMMARY OF 1000 PM CDT...0300 UTC...INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------- LOCATION...23.3N 102.4W ABOUT 35 MI...55 KM...NNE OF ZACATECAS MEXICO MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...30 MPH...45 KM/HR PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 275 DEGREES AT 12 MPH...19 KM/HR MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1000 MB...29.53 INCHES WATCHES AND WARNINGS -------------------- THERE ARE NO COASTAL WATCHES OR WARNINGS IN EFFECT. DISCUSSION AND 48-HOUR OUTLOOK ------------------------------ AT 1000 PM CDT...0300 UTC...THE REMNANTS OF ALEX WERE CENTERED NEAR LATITUDE 23.3 NORTH...LONGITUDE 102.4 WEST. THE REMNANTS ARE MOVING TOWARD THE WEST NEAR 12 MPH...19 KM/HR...AND THIS GENERAL MOTION WILL CONTINUE OVERNIGHT. MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS ARE NEAR 30 MPH...45 KM/HR...WITH HIGHER GUSTS. WINDS ...
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2010/al01/al012010.public.026.shtml
remnant facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about remnant
Get information, facts, and pictures about remnant at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about remnant easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/philosophy-and-religion/biblical-proper-names-biographies/remnant
Study of the Absorption of Vitamin E Water-soluble Form (Pegylated) in the Familial Hypocholesterolemia With Chylomicron...Study of the Absorption of Vitamin E Water-soluble Form (Pegylated) in the Familial Hypocholesterolemia With Chylomicron...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01457690?recr=Open&intr=%22Vitamin+E%22&rank=14
THP1-Dual | NF-κB & IFN Reporter THP1 monocyte | InvivoGenTHP1-Dual | NF-κB & IFN Reporter THP1 monocyte | InvivoGen
THP1-Dual cells were derived from the human THP-1 monocyte cell line by stable integration of two inducible reporter constructs. THP1-Dual cells allow the simultaneous study of the NF-kB pathway, by monitoring the activity of SEAP, and the IRF pathway, by assessing the activity of a secreted lucifer
https://www.invivogen.com/thp1-dual
Careless Remnants
Take only photos, and leave only footprints is a commonly known phrase related to healthy stewardship of the planet. This exhibit looks at the consequences of the actions that do NOT adhere to this principle.The title of the proposed exhibit is Careless Remnants which refers to the negative effects of human activity left behind on the earth. Often (but not always) these effects are unintentional. They are usually ugly, cause the earth harm, and are regretful consequences of human action. ...
http://www.fionalegg.com/careless-remnants-1.html
5 Ways Poverty Mentality Is Ruining Your Financial Stability5 Ways Poverty Mentality Is Ruining Your Financial Stability
Dont let these five remnants of the everyday struggle hinder your financial growth. Learn how you can combat the poverty mentality with smart money moves.
https://www.thepennyhoarder.com/bank-accounts/poverty-mentality/?aff_id=333&aff_sub2=at-fault-accident&rc=off-c-2-19990&aff_sub=rc-off-c-2-19990
LipoproteinLipoprotein
The hydrolyzed chylomicrons are now called chylomicron remnants. The chylomicron remnants continue circulating the bloodstream ... This interaction causes the endocytosis of the chylomicron remnants, which are subsequently hydrolyzed within lysosomes. ... The chylomicron at this stage is then considered mature. Via apolipoprotein C-II, mature chylomicrons activate lipoprotein ... The hydrolyzed VLDL particles are now called VLDL remnants or intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs). VLDL remnants can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein
ChylomicronChylomicron
... becomes a chylomicron remnant, now only 30-50 nm. ApoB48 and APOE are important to identify the chylomicron remnant in the ... chylomicron remnants are formed and are taken up by the liver, thereby also transferring dietary fat to the liver. Chylomicrons ... to the nascent chylomicron and, thus, converts it to a mature chylomicron (often referred to simply as "chylomicron"). APOC2 is ... The three stages of the chylomicron are nascent, mature, and remnant. Triglycerides are emulsified by bile and hydrolyzed by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chylomicron
LDL-receptor-related protein-associated proteinLDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein
Willnow TE, Sheng Z, Ishibashi S, Herz J (1994). "Inhibition of hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake by gene transfer of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL-receptor-related_protein-associated_protein
HepatocyteHepatocyte
The liver receives many lipids from the systemic circulation and metabolizes chylomicron remnants. It also synthesizes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte
LDL receptorLDL receptor
The receptor also recognizes apolipoprotein E (ApoE) which is found in chylomicron remnants and IDL. In humans, the LDL ... their remnants-i.e. intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and LDL particles. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor
Apolipoprotein BApolipoprotein B
After most of the lipids in the chylomicron have been absorbed, ApoB48 returns to the liver as part of the chylomicron remnant ... Intestinal proteins containing ApoB48 are metabolized to chylomicron remnant particles which are taken up by remnant receptors ... assembly and secretion of chylomicrons. These chylomicrons transport dietary lipids to tissues while the remaining chylomicrons ... Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein of chylomicrons, VLDL, Lp(a), IDL, and LDL particles (LDL-commonly known as "bad ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_B
Remnant cholesterolRemnant cholesterol
However, remnant cholesterol is primarily chylomicron and VLDL, and each remnant particle contains about 40 times more ... Remnant cholesterol is associated with chronic inflammation, whereas LDL cholesterol is not. Chylomicron remnant Lipid profile ... Remnant cholesterol, also known as remnant lipoprotein, is a very atherogenic lipoprotein composed primarily of very low- ... Remnant cholesterol has about twice the association with ischemic heart disease as LDL cholesterol. Although remnant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remnant_cholesterol
LRP1LRP1
In the liver LRP1 is important for the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins (Chylomicron remnants, VLDL) and other ... inactivation of hepatic LRP gene by cre-mediated recombination confirms role of LRP in clearance of chylomicron remnants". The ... Chylomicron, Circumsporozoite protein, Collectin, Complement C3, CTGF, DLG4, Elastase, Factor IXa, Factor VIIa, Fibronectin, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRP1
HyperlipidemiaHyperlipidemia
The receptor defect causes levels of chylomicron remnants and IDL to be higher than normal in the blood stream. The receptor ... which is normally required for clearance of chylomicron remnants and IDL from the circulation. ... Remnant hyperlipidemia occurs as a result of abnormal function of the ApoE receptor, ... resulting in elevated chylomicrons, the particles that transfer fatty acids from the digestive tract to the liver Familial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlipidemia
CholesterolCholesterol
Unused cholesterol remains in more cholesterol-rich chylomicron remnants, and taken up from here to the bloodstream by the ... Chylomicrons carry fats from the intestine to muscle and other tissues in need of fatty acids for energy or fat production. ... Chylomicrons, the least dense cholesterol transport molecules, contain apolipoprotein B-48, apolipoprotein C, and ... In order of increasing density, they are chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cellLiver sinusoidal endothelial cell
The size of circulating chylomicrons is gradually reduced to chylomicron remnants by lipoprotein lipase on endothelial cells of ... When the chylomicron remnants become small enough (30-80 nm), they pass through the LSEC fenestrations, leading to their ... Chylomicrons produced by the intestinal epithelial cells from dietary lipids have diameter up to 1000 nm which prevents them ... Naito, M; Wisse, E (10 July 1978). "Filtration effect of endothelial fenestrations on chylomicron transport in neonatal rat ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_sinusoidal_endothelial_cell
Diacylglycerol oilDiacylglycerol oil
Dynamics of post-prandial remnant-like lipoprotein particles in serum after loading of diacylglycerols. Clin Chim Acta. 2001; ... Double-blind controlled study on the effects of dietary diacylglycerol on post-prandial serum and chylomicron triacylglycerol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diacylglycerol_oil
Apolipoprotein EApolipoprotein E
In the circulation, it is present as part of several classes of lipoprotein particles, including chylomicron remnants, VLDL, ... Mahley RW, Ji ZS (January 1999). "Remnant lipoprotein metabolism: key pathways involving cell-surface heparan sulfate ... in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron, VLDL and LDL ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E
Cholesterol absorption inhibitorCholesterol absorption inhibitor
By reducing the cholesterol content in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors effectively ... These chylomicrons are then secreted into the lymphatics and circulated to the liver. These cholesterol particles are then ... Once absorbed by the enterocyte, cholesterol is reassembled into intestinal lipoproteins called chylomicrons. ... thereby reducing the incorporation of cholesterol esters into chylomicron particles. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol_absorption_inhibitor
LRP5LRP5
... to increased plasma cholesterol levels on a high-fat diet because of the decreased hepatic clearance of chylomicron remnants. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRP5
LactealLacteal
... now referred to as a chylomicron remnant) can be taken up by the liver. From the liver, the fat released from chylomicron ... At this point, the fats are in the bloodstream in the form of chylomicrons. Once in the blood, chylomicrons are subject to ... These chylomicrons then pass into the lacteals, forming a milky substance known as chyle. The lacteals merge to form larger ... The triglyceride is then combined with phospholipids, cholesterol ester, and apolipoprotein B48 to form chylomicrons. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacteal
Fatty acid metabolismFatty acid metabolism
... partially digests the chylomicrons into free fatty acids, glycerol and chylomicron remnants. The fatty acids are absorbed by ... These VLDL droplets are processed in exactly the same manner as chylomicrons, except that the VLDL remnant is known as an ... but the glycerol and chylomicron remnants remain in the blood plasma, ultimately to be removed from the circulation by the ... The chylomicrons circulate throughout the body, giving the blood plasma a milky or creamy appearance after a fatty meal.[ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism
Lipoprotein lipaseLipoprotein lipase
... a carboxylate It is also involved in promoting the cellular uptake of chylomicron remnants, cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, and ... It is a water-soluble enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as those found in chylomicrons and very low- ... Beisiegel U, Weber W, Bengtsson-Olivecrona G (October 1991). "Lipoprotein lipase enhances the binding of chylomicrons to low ... high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons". Cell Metabolism ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein_lipase
Apolipoprotein C-IIIApolipoprotein C-III
... and is found on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and remnant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C-III
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemiaFamilial dysbetalipoproteinemia
This defect prevents the normal metabolism of chylomicrons, IDL and VLDL, otherwise known as remnants, and therefore leads to ... that serves as a ligand for the liver receptor for chylomicrons, IDL and VLDL, also known as very-low-density-lipoprotein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_dysbetalipoproteinemia
APOA5APOA5
Finally, the third possibility relates to the acceleration of the hepatic uptake of lipoprotein remnants and it has been shown ... It is a component of several lipoprotein fractions including VLDL, HDL, chylomicrons. It is believed that apoA-V affects ... APOA5 is associated predominantly with TG-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons and VLDL) and has also been detected on HDL particles ... and chylomicrons, and circulates at very low concentrations compared with other apolipoproteins". Clinical Chemistry. 51 (2): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOA5
Hypertriglyceridemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, EtiologyHypertriglyceridemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) releases free fatty acids (FFAs) from chylomicrons (chylo) and produces chylomicron remnants that are ... Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) releases free fatty acids (FFAs) from chylomicrons (chylo) and produces chylomicron remnants that are ... a VLDL remnant, to LDL particles in the blood and because of a decreased clearance of chylomicron remnants. [4] Typically, ... Chylomicron remnants are taken up by the LDL receptor or the LDL receptor-related protein. [14] ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/126568-15797/when-is-surgical-intervention-indicated-for-hypertriglyceridemia-high-triglyceride-levels
Ola Myklebost | Universitetet i BergenOla Myklebost | Universitetet i Bergen
Vis forfatter(e) (1992). Uptake of chylomicron remnant retinyl esters in human leukocytes in vivo. European J. Clin.. 229-234. ...
https://www.uib.no/personer/Ola.Myklebost
Sources of Arachidonic Acid in Platelets, Bone, Marrow and Gastrointestinal Tract | Lund University PublicationsSources of Arachidonic Acid in Platelets, Bone, Marrow and Gastrointestinal Tract | Lund University Publications
Chylomicron remnant, Chylomicron, Arachidonic acid, Bone marrow, Platelets, Protein S, Prothrombin, Triglycerides., ... Chylomicron remnant; Chylomicron; Arachidonic acid; Bone marrow; Platelets; Protein S; Prothrombin; Triglycerides.; ... but do not exhibit any receptor mediated uptake and degradation of chylomicron remnants (CMR). Although CM, CMR and Intralipid ... but do not exhibit any receptor mediated uptake and degradation of chylomicron remnants (CMR). Although CM, CMR and Intralipid ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/39876
Questions & AnswersQuestions & Answers
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) releases free fatty acids (FFAs) from chylomicrons (chylo) and produces chylomicron remnants that are ... Once very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) has been metabolized by lipoprotein lipase, VLDL remnants in the form of intermediate- ... What is the role of chylomicron and VLDL metabolism in the pathophysiology of hypertriglyceridemia (high triglyceride levels)? ... How is the presence of chylomicrons confirmed in hypertriglyceridemia (high triglyceride levels)? ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126568-questions-and-answers
Reactome | APOE [extracellular region]Reactome | APOE [extracellular region]
Chylomicron remodeling (Homo sapiens) * chylomicron remnant + apoE => chylomicron remnant:apoE complex (Homo sapiens) * APOE [ ... chylomicron remnant + apoE => chylomicron remnant:apoE complex (Homo sapiens) * Spherical HDL binds C and E apolipoproteins ( ... chylomicron remnant:apoE complex [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) * chylomicron remnant [extracellular region] (Homo ...
http://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-174646?interactor=UniProt:P09382%20LGALS1
Hypertriglyceridaemia: an update | Journal of Clinical PathologyHypertriglyceridaemia: an update | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Metformin enhances clearance of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants in nondiabetic mildly overweight glucose-intolerant ... Remnant hyperlipidaemia. Remnant hyperlipidaemias are associated with polymorphisms in apoE.75 Homozygosity for apoE2 (familial ... Regulation of chylomicron production in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1821:736-46.doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.019 pmid: ... Remnants of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes 2020;69:508-16. ...
https://jcp.bmj.com/content/75/12/798?rss=1
Thematic ReviewsThematic Reviews
In circulation, apoA-IV is associated with HDL and chylomicron remnants, but a large portion is lipoprotein free. ... ApoA-IV is primarily synthesized by the small intestine, attached to chylomicrons by enterocytes, and secreted into intestinal ...
https://www.jlr.org/thematic-reviews?startPage=&KeywordRaw=diabetes
Which JAX mouse model is best for atherosclerosis studies: Apoe or Ldlr knockout mice?
... and chylomicron remnant lipoprotein particles.. LDLR is one of the cell surface receptors in liver cells that binds to APOE to ...
https://www.jax.org/news-and-insights/jax-blog/2013/November/which-jax-mouse-model-is-best-for-atherosclerosis-studies-apoe-or-ldlr-knoc
Nonfasting lipid testing: the new standard for cardiovascular risk assessment | CMAJNonfasting lipid testing: the new standard for cardiovascular risk assessment | CMAJ
... including intermediate density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants, which cross the vascular endothelium like LDL and become ... Use of non-HDL cholesterol in a nonfasting plasma sample captures the atherogenic effect of remnant lipoproteins and is a ... 7 One study suggested that this is due to the added atherogenic effect of cholesterol in remnant lipoproteins, ... inclusion of the risk associated with postprandial remnant lipoproteins in the test for non-HDL cholesterol, a better ...
https://www.cmaj.ca/content/190/45/E1317.full
Anti-Apolipoprotein E antibody [D6E10] - BSA and Azide free (ab1906) | AbcamAnti-Apolipoprotein E antibody [D6E10] - BSA and Azide free (ab1906) | Abcam
It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic ...
https://www.abcam.com/apolipoprotein-e-antibody-d6e10-bsa-and-azide-free-ab1906.html?
The most important thing you probably dont know about cholesterolThe most important thing you probably don't know about cholesterol
... increase chylomicron and chylomicron remnant apoE and ApoCIII content (both of which inhibit lipoprotein lipase, thereby ... and to have higher levels of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants, which are also cleared more slowly (Bergeron 1995; ... saturated fats provoke twice the chylomicron triglyceride response and several-fold greater VLDL response." ...
https://thehealthyskeptic.org/the-most-important-thing-you-probably-dont-know-about-cholesterol?replytocom=515
WikiGenesWikiGenes
Newly absorbed chylomicron remnant retinyl ester is endocytosed by parenchymal liver cells, and retinol is subsequently ... These findings indicate that following uptake of chylomicron remnant retinyl ester in parenchymal cells, the retinyl ester is ... In one series of experiments, chylomicrons labeled with [3H]retinyl palmitate or with retinyl [3H]palmitate were injected ...
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/ref/e/3368453.html
9 questions on Lipid transport and the nutrition quiz by Bill Lamb the nutrition man9 questions on Lipid transport and the nutrition quiz by Bill Lamb the nutrition man
Chylomicron remnants bind to specific receptors in the liver through which apolipoprotein?. Select the correct answer(s). (0/0) ... Chylomicron remnants bind to specific receptors in the liver through which apolipoprotein?,questionTimeSeconds:0, ... Chylomicrons transport dietary fats and cholesterol. Select the correct answer(s). (0/0). ... Which apolipoproteins are transferred from HDL to chylomicrons?. Select the correct answer(s). (0/0). ...
https://topgradeapp.com/playQuiz/lipid-transport
Combination of curcumin and piperine prevents formation of gallstones in C57BL6 mice fed on lithogenic diet: whether NPC1L1...Combination of curcumin and piperine prevents formation of gallstones in C57BL6 mice fed on lithogenic diet: whether NPC1L1...
High cholesterol absorption efficiency and rapid biliary secretion of chylomicron remnant cholesterol enhance cholelithogenesis ...
https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-015-0106-2
Clinical heterogeneity in monogenic chylomicronaemia | BMJ Case ReportsClinical heterogeneity in monogenic chylomicronaemia | BMJ Case Reports
... from the circulation rapidly because TGs are efficiently removed by lipolysis that processes chylomicrons and VLDL to remnant ... Severe hypertriglyceridaemia is usually caused by the pathological presence of chylomicrons in the fasting state.2 Both mild to ... 1 TGs from the diet are incorporated in chylomicrons and the liver secretes TG in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). These ... Chylomicrons are the largest lipoproteins with the highest TG content, but are cleared ...
https://casereports.bmj.com/content/15/11/e251411
OUH - Group membersOUH - Group members
Uptake of chylomicron remnant retinyl esters in human leukocytes in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest, 22 (4), 229-34. DOI 10.1111/j.1365 ...
https://www.ous-research.no/home/wesche/Group%20members/1192
Donna Vine, PhD - Directory@UAlbertaDonna Vine, PhD - [email protected]
... to determine the permeability of intestinal chylomicron-remnants into arterial vessels. * We have pioneered the development of ... We have made extensive contributions to the study of intestinal chylomicrons, which has lead to the discovery that the ... chylomicrons). Dr. Vine and her team (together with Dr. Proctor, Nutrition, UofA) has been one of the first to contribute to ... are incorporated into intestinal chylomicrons and transported to the circulation. ...
https://apps.ualberta.ca/directory/person/dvine
etx-lipid-ch37-fig1 - Endotext
... apoC-III delays receptor-mediated hepatic uptake of VLDL and chylomicron remnants resulting in formation of intermediate ... Chylomicrons and VLDL production originating from the intestine and liver are increased. Mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA ... Dietary intake of fat provides the intestine with TG for chylomicron formation, which is upregulated in insulin resistance. ...
https://www.endotext.org/chapter/secondary-hypertriglyceridemia/etx-lipid-ch37-fig1/
DeCSDeCS
Chylomicron Remnants - Preferred Concept UI. M0365537. Scope note. Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which ... Résidus de chylomicrons Entry term(s):. Chylomicron Remnant. Remnant, Chylomicron. Remnants, Chylomicron. ... These remnants carry dietary lipids in the blood and are cholesterol-rich. Their interactions with MACROPHAGES; ENDOTHELIAL ... Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by the LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE. ...
https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=52269
Code System Concept
Chylomicron remnants (substance). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Chylomicron remnants (substance). Concept Status. ...
https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=259571005
Life Extension Whats Hot Archive February 2009 - Life ExtensionLife Extension What's Hot Archive February 2009 - Life Extension
... remnant-like chylomicron particles, and inflammatory markers and increases the concentrations of large HDL and LDL particles, ...
https://www.lifeextension.com/whatshot/2009/2/study-finds-antioxidant-supplements-help-protect-against-hearing-loss
Anti-ApoE3 Antibody | 26-5696-30TAnti-ApoE3 Antibody | 26-5696-30T
Its interaction with specific ApoE receptor enables uptake of chylomicron remnants by liver cells, which is an essential step ...
https://immunetics.com/anti-apoe3-antibody-gentaur/
Find Research outputs - Korea University
An apolipoprotein(a) peptide delays chylomicron remnant clearance and increases plasma remnant lipoproteins and atherosclerosis ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?format=&ordering=title&descending=true&page=1582
DeCS 2007 - New termsDeCS 2007 - New terms
Chylomicron Remnants. Remanescentes de Quilomícrons. Remanentes de Quilomicrones. High-Density Lipoproteins, Pre-beta. ...
https://decs.bvs.br/I/new_2007.htm
Conference Proceedings - Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases LaboratoryConference Proceedings - Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory
Oxysterols alter the apolipoprotein complement of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants effecting their metabolism in-vivo. ... The contribution of chylomicron-remnants and LDL to the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall following in-situ ... The contribution of chylomicron-remnants and LDL to the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall following in-situ ... Proctor SD, Yu K.C.W and Mamo J.C.L Chylomicron Remnants can penetrate arterial subendothelium and are Cytotoxic to surrounding ...
https://mcvd.ualberta.ca/media/presentations-proceedings-2/
Effects of Evolocumab on the Postprandial Kinetics of Apo (Apolipoprotein) B100-and B48-Containing Lipoproteins in Subjects...
chylomicrons evolocumab kinetics TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS PCSK9 INHIBITOR EVOLOCUMAB SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 ... disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes is linked to elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. The ... Kinetic parameters were determined for the following: apoB48 in chylomicrons; triglyceride in VLDL1 (very low-density ... CONCLUSIONS: Evolocumab had only minor effects on lipoproteins that are involved in triglyceride transport (chylomicrons and ...
https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/335991
PromoSimplePromoSimple
A toxic liver loses its ability to eliminate chylomicron remnants. Span of financial in fatty deposits the actual skin ... Chylomicrons are small fat globules that help transport fat after digestion from great intestine to tissues of the body. ...
https://promosimple.com/ps/21ed3/vissentials-max-bhb
Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins | Basicmedical Key
from chylomicron remnants via the exogenous pathway or synthesized locally. These lipids are transported from the liver as VLDL ... Like chylomicrons, VLDL is hydrolysed by lipoprotein lipase in the peripheral tissues, albeit more slowly. The resulting VLDL ... If a lipaemic plasma sample, for example after a meal, is left overnight at 4°C, the larger and less dense chylomicrons form a ... Chylomicrons are the largest and least dense lipoproteins and transport exogenous lipid from the intestine to all cells. ...
https://basicmedicalkey.com/plasma-lipids-and-lipoproteins-2/
Erik R Wisner | UC Davis Profiles
A surface-modified chylomicron remnant-like emulsion for percutaneous computed tomography lymphography: synthesis and ...
https://profiles.ucdavis.edu/erik.wisner
LipoproteinsVLDLUptakeIncorporated into intesLipoproteinPenetrate arterialParticles in the bAtherogenicLipidsApolipoproteinIntestineElevationsMetabolismAccumulationSevereExperimentsArteryBloodLevelsLevel
Lipoproteins19
  • APOE is a plasma glycoprotein constituent on the surface of most lipoproteins including very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and chylomicron remnant lipoprotein particles. (jax.org)
  • Use of non-HDL cholesterol in a nonfasting plasma sample captures the atherogenic effect of remnant lipoproteins and is a better indicator of cardiovascular risk than LDL cholesterol. (cmaj.ca)
  • 6 , 7 One study suggested that this is due to the added atherogenic effect of cholesterol in remnant lipoproteins, including intermediate density lipoproteins and chylomicron remnants, which cross the vascular endothelium like LDL and become trapped in the artery wall, contributing to plaque formation. (cmaj.ca)
  • 10 mmol/L. 1 TGs from the diet are incorporated in chylomicrons and the liver secretes TG in very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). (bmj.com)
  • These lipoproteins and their lipolytic remnants that vary in size and density are collectively called triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). (bmj.com)
  • Chylomicrons are the largest lipoproteins with the highest TG content, but are cleared from the circulation rapidly because TGs are efficiently removed by lipolysis that processes chylomicrons and VLDL to remnant lipoproteins. (bmj.com)
  • apoC-III delays receptor-mediated hepatic uptake of VLDL and chylomicron remnants resulting in formation of intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL, not shown) and smaller and denser low-density lipoproteins (LDL). (endotext.org)
  • Proctor SD, Pabla C.K. and Mamo J.C.L. Arterial uptake of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins in insulin deficient rats and rabbits. (ualberta.ca)
  • Accumulation of intestinal cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins within arterial vessels may be exacerbated by advanced glycation endproducts and the co-localisation of proteoglycans in diabetes. (ualberta.ca)
  • OBJECTIVE: Increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes is linked to elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants. (helsinki.fi)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Evolocumab had only minor effects on lipoproteins that are involved in triglyceride transport (chylomicrons and VLDL1) but, in contrast, had a profound impact on lipoproteins that carry cholesterol (VLDL2, IDL, LDL). (helsinki.fi)
  • The key features I would like to focus on in the next few slides are the action on lipoprotein assembly and secretion in the liver and intestine, alterations in the plasma lipid profile in remnant lipoproteins LDL and HDL, potential anti-inflammatory effects of EPA and antithrombotic effects in the artery wall, then perturbations in cell membrane cholesterol metabolism. (ipccs.org)
  • These lipoproteins are neither LDL-C or high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but rather consist of the cholesterol-rich remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins produced by the liver (VLDL) and the small intestine (chylomicrons)(1). (nutritioneducationstore.com)
  • Both genetic factors and dietary factors influence the amount of these triglyceride-rich lipoproteins produced and also the amount of cholesterol-rich remnant particles derived from each of them in the blood. (nutritioneducationstore.com)
  • As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) but shows a preferential binding to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (acrobiosystems.com)
  • These studies have provided important information on the major serum lipoprotein fractions found in dog serum or plasma, namely chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). (biomedcentral.com)
  • ARO-APOC3 is a subcutaneously administered RNAi therapeutic that targets apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), and reduces VLDL synthesis and assembly, enhances the breakdown of triglyceride rich lipoproteins, and improve clearance of VLDL and chylomicron remnants. (thedaytimereport.com)
  • Interchange of apolipoproteins between chylomicrons and high density lipoproteins during alimentary lipemia in man. (nih.gov)
  • Production of cholesterol-rich particles such as VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) and chylomicrons is increased. (cyclingplantbasedgranny.com)
VLDL6
  • Enterocytes secrete chylomicron (CM) particles containing a short form (48%) of apolipoprotein (apo) B (apoB 48 ), while hepatocytes secrete very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with full length apoB (apoB 100 ). (bmj.com)
  • Chylomicrons and VLDL production originating from the intestine and liver are increased. (endotext.org)
  • It's been known for many years through metabolic investigations, that high doses of EPA and DHA decrease the production of large triglyceride-rich VLDL from the liver and chylomicrons from the intestine following a fat meal. (ipccs.org)
  • The net effect is the reduction in postprandial alimentary lipemia and a reduction in the level of apoB containing VLDL particles and their remnants in the circulation and apoB-48 containing chylomicrons and their remnants in the circulation. (ipccs.org)
  • we can see the major changes were seen in chylomicron VLDL remnants with smaller changes in LDL and HDL. (ipccs.org)
  • Type III hyperlipidemia or dysbetalipoproteinemia is characterized by an individual's decreased ability to convert VLDL and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), a VLDL remnant, to LDL particles in the blood and because of a decreased clearance of chylomicron remnants. (medscape.com)
Uptake3
  • 1. Platelets take up chylomicrons (CM) in vitro, the main part being sequestered in open canalicular system and not degraded, but do not exhibit any receptor mediated uptake and degradation of chylomicron remnants (CMR). (lu.se)
  • It's interaction with specific ApoE receptor enables uptake of chylomicron remnants by liver cells, which is an essential step during normal lipid metabolism. (immunetics.com)
  • Proctor SD, and Mamo J.C.L Arterial fatty lesions have increased uptake of chylomicron remnants but not low density lipoprotein. (ualberta.ca)
Incorporated into intes1
  • We have been the first to provide evidence that dietary derived cholesterol oxidation products are rapidly absorbed by the intestine, are incorporated into intestinal chylomicrons and transported to the circulation. (ualberta.ca)
Lipoprotein1
  • Metabolic products of chylomicron particles in which TRIGLYCERIDES have been selectively removed by the LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE . (bvsalud.org)
Penetrate arterial2
  • Proctor SD, Yu K.C.W and Mamo J.C.L Chylomicron Remnants can penetrate arterial subendothelium and are Cytotoxic to surrounding cells. (ualberta.ca)
  • We have been the first to provide visual evidence that intestinally derived cholesterol particles (chylomicrons) penetrate arterial tissue after hydrolysis to their smaller remnant form, and therefore contribute to the atherogenic process. (ualberta.ca)
Particles in the b1
  • Of course, we now know HDL-C particles can actually become proinflammatory and proatherogenic "bad" HDL particles, perhaps partly in response to biochemical changes in the HDL particles triggered in part by chylomicrons and other remnant cholesterol particles in the blood. (nutritioneducationstore.com)
Atherogenic1
  • And these remnants are highly atherogenic with a high cholesterol to apo-B ratio, decrease particle fluidity, and partial lipolysis products from the lipolytic reaction and possibly these were different in the two treatment regimens. (ipccs.org)
Lipids1
  • These remnants carry dietary lipids in the blood and are cholesterol-rich. (bvsalud.org)
Apolipoprotein3
  • The genetic causes of hypertriglyceridaemia range from familial combined hyperlipidaemia through the autosomal recessive remnant hyperlipidaemia (related to apolipoprotein E variants) and familial chylomicronaemia syndromes. (bmj.com)
  • Chylomicron remnants bind to specific receptors in the liver through which apolipoprotein? (topgradeapp.com)
  • We continue to contribute to studies that correlate raised levels of chylomicron particles (measured as apolipoprotein-B48) and risk of heart disease in numerous clinical conditions. (ualberta.ca)
Intestine3
  • Dietary intake of fat provides the intestine with TG for chylomicron formation, which is upregulated in insulin resistance. (endotext.org)
  • Chylomicrons are small fat globules that help transport fat after digestion from great intestine to tissues of the body. (promosimple.com)
  • Protetox Chylomicrons are small fat globules that help transport fat after digestion from the small intestine to tissues systems Protetox Abdominal fat increases until liver function is increased significantly Protetox So, detox your liver for Weight Loss Protetox Turn it back in the fat metabolizing and toxin eliminating power house Weight Loss 24/7. (techplanet.today)
Elevations1
  • Type I is a rare disorder characterized by severe elevations in chylomicrons and extremely elevated triglycerides, always reaching well above 1000 mg/dL and not infrequently rising as high as 10,000 mg/dL or more. (medscape.com)
Metabolism3
  • We have made extensive contributions to the study of intestinal chylomicrons, which has lead to the discovery that the impairment of intestinal chylomicron metabolism leads to an accumulation of these particles in the circulation. (ualberta.ca)
  • Dane-Stewart CA, Watts GF, Barrett PH, Stuckey BG, Mamo JC, Martins IJ, Redgrave TG (2003) Chylomicron remnant metabolism studied with a new breath test in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. (sapub.org)
  • Martins IJ, Tran JML Redgrave TG (2002) Food restriction normalizes chylomicron remnant metabolism in murine models of obesity as assessed by a novel stable isotope breath test. (sapub.org)
Accumulation1
  • The contribution of chylomicron-remnants and LDL to the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall following in-situ arterial perfusion. (ualberta.ca)
Severe1
  • Severe hypertriglyceridaemia is usually caused by the pathological presence of chylomicrons in the fasting state. (bmj.com)
Experiments1
  • And experiments have shown that particle oxidation of remnants, or LDL particles can be interrupted by EPA to a great extent with DHA, and therefore there is an oxidation benefit in terms of EPA ingestion. (ipccs.org)
Artery1
  • Proctor SD, and Mamo J.C.L. In situ perfusion of fluorescent labeled chylomicron-remnants in rabbit carotid artery visualised by 3D-confocal microscopy. (ualberta.ca)
Blood1
  • Fat and cholesterol-rich meals can dramatically increase the production of chylomicrons and lead to greater amounts of cholesterol-rich chlyomicron remnants in the blood for several hours after each fat-rich meal (2). (nutritioneducationstore.com)
Levels2
  • Dr. Borge Nordestgaard's recent study followed nearly 12,000 people with established CAD in Denmark and found that each 1 mmol (38.7 mg/dl) increase in non-fasting remnant cholesterol caused 2.8 times greater risk of a CAD event that was independent of HDL-C levels. (nutritioneducationstore.com)
  • The increased causal risk of CAD from elevated cholesterol remnant particles appeared much stronger than for changes in either LDL-C or HDL-C levels (3). (nutritioneducationstore.com)
Level1
  • 7 Remnant cholesterol is captured along with LDL cholesterol in the non-HDL cholesterol level regardless of the time since eating. (cmaj.ca)